Antigens ly. Medical search

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

A group of lymphocyte surface antigens located on mouse LYMPHOCYTES. Specific Ly antigens are useful markers for distinguishing subpopulations of lymphocytes.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.

Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.

An inhibitory subclass of NK cell lectin-like receptors that interacts with CLASS I MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS and prevents the activation of NK CELLS.

Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reacting antigens found in phylogenetically unrelated species.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis.

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

An inhibitory T CELL receptor that is closely related to CD28 ANTIGEN. It has specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain transport to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. It is expressed almost exclusively in B-LYMPHOCYTES and serves as a useful marker for B-cell NEOPLASMS.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Sialylated Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigen found in many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, especially pancreatic tumors.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

A group of dominantly and independently inherited antigens associated with the ABO blood factors. They are glycolipids present in plasma and secretions that may adhere to the erythrocytes. The phenotype Le(b) is the result of the interaction of the Le gene Le(a) with the genes for the ABO blood groups.

A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Antigens which may directly stimulate B lymphocytes without the cooperation of T lymphocytes.

Glycoprotein members of the immunoglobulin superfamily which participate in T-cell adhesion and activation. They are expressed on most peripheral T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and thymocytes, and function as co-receptors or accessory molecules in the T-cell receptor complex.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

Costimulatory T-LYMPHOCYTE receptors that have specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN. Activation of this receptor results in increased T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival.

Structurally-related receptors that are typically found on NATURAL KILLER CELLS. They are considered lectin-like proteins in that they share sequence homology with the carbohydrate binding domains of C-TYPE LECTINS. They differ from classical C-type lectins, however, in that they appear to lack CALCIUM-binding domains.

Carbohydrate antigen most commonly seen in tumors of the ovary and occasionally seen in breast, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract tumors and normal tissue. CA 125 is clearly tumor-associated but not tumor-specific.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Immunologically detectable substances found in the CELL NUCLEUS.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Allelic alloantigens often responsible for weak graft rejection in cases when (major) histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. In the mouse they are coded by more than 500 genes at up to 30 minor histocompatibility loci. The most well-known minor histocompatibility antigen in mammals is the H-Y antigen.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*27 allele family.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) antigens encoded by a small cluster of structural genes at the C locus on chromosome 6. They have significantly lower immunogenicity than the HLA-A and -B determinants and are therefore of minor importance in donor/recipient crossmatching. Their primary role is their high-risk association with certain disease manifestations (e.g., spondylarthritis, psoriasis, multiple myeloma).

A major histocompatibily complex class I-like protein that plays a unique role in the presentation of lipid ANTIGENS to NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*07 allele family.

Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. CD58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2; (ANTIGENS, CD2); and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation.

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*01 allele family.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

An HLA-DR antigen which is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*04 alleles.

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

An HLA-DR antigen which is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*03 alleles.

The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily found on most T-LYMPHOCYTES. Activation of the receptor by CD70 ANTIGEN results in the increased proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele family.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The demonstration of the cytotoxic effect on a target cell of a lymphocyte, a mediator released by a sensitized lymphocyte, an antibody, or complement.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated gamma and delta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4-/CD8- T-cells. The receptors appear to be preferentially located in epithelial sites and probably play a role in the recognition of bacterial antigens. The T-cell receptor gamma/delta chains are separate and not related to the gamma and delta chains which are subunits of CD3 (see ANTIGENS, CD3).

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential hematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

An integrin alpha subunit of approximately 150-kDa molecular weight. It is expressed at high levels on monocytes and combines with CD18 ANTIGEN to form the cell surface receptor INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2. The subunit contains a conserved I-domain which is characteristic of several of alpha integrins.

A HLA-DR antigen that is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*07 alleles.

Antigens from any of the hepatitis viruses including surface, core, and other associated antigens.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*03 allele family.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

IL-12 gene as a DNA vaccine adjuvant in a herpes mouse model: IL-12 enhances Th1-type CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 challenge. (1/1290)

IL-12 has been shown to enhance cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo. Recent reports have suggested that combining DNA vaccine approach with immune stimulatory molecules delivered as genes may significantly enhance Ag-specific immune responses in vivo. In particular, IL-12 molecules could constitute an important addition to a herpes vaccine by amplifying specific immune responses. Here we investigate the utility of IL-12 cDNA as an adjuvant for a herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) DNA vaccine in a mouse challenge model. Direct i.m. injection of IL-12 cDNA induced activation of resting immune cells in vivo. Furthermore, coinjection with IL-12 cDNA and gD DNA vaccine inhibited both systemic gD-specific Ab and local Ab levels compared with gD plasmid vaccination alone. In contrast, Th cell proliferative responses and secretion of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and chemokines (RANTES and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha) were significantly increased by IL-12 coinjection. However, the production of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and chemokine (MCP-1) was inhibited by IL-12 coinjection. IL-12 coinjection with a gD DNA vaccine showed significantly better protection from lethal HSV-2 challenge compared with gD DNA vaccination alone in both inbred and outbred mice. This enhanced protection appears to be mediated by CD4+ T cells, as determined by in vivo CD4+ T cell deletion. Thus, IL-12 cDNA as a DNA vaccine adjuvant drives Ag-specific Th1 type CD4+ T cell responses that result in reduced HSV-2-derived morbidity as well as mortality. (+info)

Resistance of CD7-deficient mice to lipopolysaccharide-induced shock syndromes. (2/1290)

CD7 is an immunoglobulin superfamily molecule involved in T and natural killer (NK) cell activation and cytokine production. CD7-deficient animals develop normally but have antigen-specific defects in interferon (IFN)-gamma production and CD8(+) CTL generation. To determine the in vivo role of CD7 in systems dependent on IFN-gamma, the response of CD7-deficient mice to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock syndromes was studied. In the high-dose LPS-induced shock model, 67% of CD7-deficient mice survived LPS injection, whereas 19% of control C57BL/6 mice survived LPS challenge (P < 0.001). CD7-deficient or C57BL/6 control mice were next injected with low-dose LPS (1 microgram plus 8 mg D-galactosamine [D-gal] per mouse) and monitored for survival. All CD7-deficient mice were alive 72 h after injection of LPS compared with 20% of C57BL/6 control mice (P < 0.001). After injection of LPS and D-gal, CD7-deficient mice had decreased serum IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels compared with control C57BL/6 mice (P < 0.001). Steady-state mRNA levels for IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in liver tissue were also significantly decreased in CD7-deficient mice compared with controls (P < 0.05). In contrast, CD7-deficient animals had normal liver interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, and interleukin 1 converting enzyme (ICE) mRNA levels, and CD7-deficient splenocytes had normal IFN-gamma responses when stimulated with IL-12 and IL-18 in vitro. NK1.1(+)/ CD3(+) T cells are known to be key effector cells in the pathogenesis of toxic shock. Phenotypic analysis of liver mononuclear cells revealed that CD7-deficient mice had fewer numbers of liver NK1.1(+)/CD3(+) T cells (1.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(5)) versus C57BL/6 control mice (3.7 +/- 0.8 x 10(5); P < 0.05), whereas numbers of liver NK1.1(+)/CD3(-) NK cells were not different from controls. Thus, targeted disruption of CD7 leads to a selective deficiency of liver NK1.1(+)/ CD3(+) T cells, and is associated with resistance to LPS shock. These data suggest that CD7 is a key molecule in the inflammatory response leading to LPS-induced shock. (+info)

Cutting edge: LFA-1 is required for liver NK1.1+TCR alpha beta+ cell development: evidence that liver NK1.1+TCR alpha beta+ cells originate from multiple pathways. (3/1290)

Using mice deficient for LFA-1, CD44, and ICAM-1, we examined the role of these adhesion molecules in NK1.1+TCR alpha beta+ (NKT) cell development. Although no defect in NKT cell development was observed in CD44-/- and ICAM-1-/- mice, a dramatic reduction of liver NKT cells was observed in LFA-1-/- mice. Normal numbers of NKT cells were present in other lymphoid organs in LFA-1-/- mice. When LFA-1-/- splenocytes were injected i.v. into wild-type mice, the frequency of NKT cells among donor-derived cells in the recipient liver was normal. In contrast, when LFA-1-/- bone marrow (BM) cells were injected i.v. into irradiated wild-type mice, the frequency of liver NKT cells was significantly lower than that of mice injected with wild-type BM cells. Collectively, these data indicate that LFA-1 is required for the development of liver NKT cells, rather than the migration to and/or subsequent establishment of mature NKT cells in the liver. (+info)

Oligosaccharide analysis and molecular modeling of soluble forms of glycoproteins belonging to the Ly-6, scavenger receptor, and immunoglobulin superfamilies expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (4/1290)

Most cell surface molecules are glycoproteins consisting of linear arrays of globular domains containing stretches of amino acid sequence with similarities to regions in other proteins. These conserved regions form the basis for the classification of proteins into superfamilies. Recombinant soluble forms of six leukocyte antigens belonging to the Ly-6 (CD59), scavenger receptor (CD5), and immunoglobulin (CD2, CD48, CD4, and Thy-1) superfamilies were expressed in the same Chinese hamster ovary cell line, thus providing an opportunity to examine the extent to which N-linked oligosaccharide processing might vary in a superfamily-, domain-, or protein-dependent manner in a given cell. While we found no evidence for superfamily-specific modifications of the glycans, marked differences were seen in the types of oligosaccharides attached to individual proteins within a given superfamily. The relative importance of local protein surface properties versus the overall tertiary structure of the molecules in directing this protein-specific variation was examined in the context of molecular models. These were constructed using the 3D structures of the proteins, glycan data from this study, and an oligosaccharide structural database. The results indicated that both the overall organization of the domains and the local protein structure can have a large bearing on site-specific glycan modification of cells in stasis. This level of control ensures that the surface of a single cell will display a diverse repertoire of glycans and precludes the presentation of multiple copies of a single oligosaccharide on the cell surface. The glycans invariably shield large regions of the protein surfaces although, for the glycoproteins examined here, these did not hinder the known active sites of the molecules. The models also indicated that sugars are likely to play a role in the packing of the native cell surface glycoproteins and to limit nonspecific protein-protein interactions. In addition, glycans located close to the cell membrane are likely to affect crucially the orientation of the glycoproteins to which they are attached. (+info)

Structural and phylogenetic characterization of human SLURP-1, the first secreted mammalian member of the Ly-6/uPAR protein superfamily. (5/1290)

Members of the Ly-6/uPAR protein family share one or several repeat units of the Ly-6/uPAR domain that is defined by a distinct disulfide bonding pattern between 8 or 10 cysteine residues. The Ly-6/uPAR protein family can be divided into two subfamilies. One comprises GPI-anchored glycoprotein receptors with 10 cysteine residues. The other subfamily includes the secreted single-domain snake and frog cytotoxins, and differs significantly in that its members generally possess only eight cysteines and no GPI-anchoring signal sequence. We report the purification and structural characterization of human SLURP-1 (secreted mammalian Ly-6/uPAR related protein 1) from blood and urine peptide libraries. SLURP-1 is encoded by the ARS (component B)-81/s locus, and appears to be the first mammalian member of the Ly-6/uPAR family lacking a GPI-anchoring signal sequence. A phylogenetic analysis based on the SLURP-1 primary protein structure revealed a closer relationship to the subfamily of cytotoxins. Since the SLURP-1 gene maps to the same chromosomal region as several members of the Ly-6/uPAR subfamily of glycoprotein receptors, it is suggested that both biologically distinct subfamilies might have co-evolved from local chromosomal duplication events. (+info)

Splenic NK1.1-negative, TCR alpha beta intermediate CD4+ T cells exist in naive NK1.1 allelic positive and negative mice, with the capacity to rapidly secrete large amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma upon primary TCR stimulation. (6/1290)

Splenic NK1.1+CD4+ T cells that express intermediate levels of TCR alpha beta molecules (TCRint) and the DX5 Ag (believed to identify an equivalent population in NK1.1 allelic negative mice) possess the ability to rapidly produce high quantities of immunomodulatory cytokines, notably IL-4 and IFN-gamma, upon primary TCR activation in vivo. Indeed, only T cells expressing the NK1.1 Ag appear to be capable of this function. In this study, we demonstrate that splenic NK1.1-negative TCRintCD4+ T cells, identified on the basis of Fc gamma R expression, exist in naive NK1.1 allelic positive (C57BL/6) and negative (C3H/HeN) mice with the capacity to produce large amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma after only 8 h of primary CD3 stimulation in vitro. Furthermore, a comparison of the amounts of early cytokines produced by Fc gamma R+CD4+TCRint T cells with NK1. 1+CD4+ or DX5+CD4+TCRint T cells, simultaneously isolated from C57BL/6 or C3H/HeN mice, revealed strain and population differences. Thus, Fc gamma R defines another subpopulation of splenic CD4+TCRint cells that can rapidly produce large concentrations of immunomodulatory cytokines, suggesting that CD4+TCRint T cells themselves may represent a unique family of immunoregulatory CD4+ T cells whose members include Fc gamma R+CD4+ and NK1.1/DX5+CD4+ T cells. (+info)

Unopposed production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by tumors inhibits CD8+ T cell responses by dysregulating antigen-presenting cell maturation. (7/1290)

Tumor cells gene-modified to produce GM-CSF potently stimulate antitumor immune responses, in part, by causing the growth and differentiation of dendritic cells (DC). However, GM-CSF-modified tumor cells must be gamma-irradiated or they will grow progressively, killing the host. We observed that 23 of 75 (31%) human tumor lines and two commonly used mouse tumor lines spontaneously produced GM-CSF. In mice, chronic GM-CSF production by tumors suppressed Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Interestingly, an inhibitory population of adherent CD11b(Mac-1)/Gr-1 double-positive cells caused the observed impairment of CD8+ T cell function upon direct cell-to-cell contact. The inhibitory cells were positive for some markers associated with Ag presenting cells, like F4/80, but were negative for markers associated with fully mature DC like DEC205, B7. 2, and MHC class II. We have previously reported that a similar or identical population of inhibitory "immature" APC was elicited after immunization with powerful recombinant immunogens. We show here that these inhibitory cells can be elicited by the administration of recombinant GM-CSF alone, and, furthermore, that they can be differentiated ex vivo into "mature" APC by the addition of IL-4 and GM-CSF. Thus, tumors may be able to escape from immune detection by producing "unopposed" GM-CSF, thereby disrupting the balance of cytokines needed for the maturation of fully functional DC. Further, CD11b/Gr-1 double-positive cells may function as "inhibitory" APC under the influence of GM-CSF alone. (+info)

Mouse NKR-P1B, a novel NK1.1 antigen with inhibitory function. (8/1290)

The mouse NK1.1 Ag originally defined as NK cell receptor (NKR)-P1C (CD161) mediates NK cell activation. Here, we show that another member of the mouse CD161 family, NKR-P1B, represents a novel NK1.1 Ag. In contrast to NKR-P1C, which functions as an activating receptor, NKR-P1B inhibits NK cell activation. Association of NKR-P1B with Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 provides a molecular mechanism for this inhibition. The existence of these two NK1.1 Ags with opposite functions suggests a potential role for NKR-P1 molecules, such as those of the Ly-49 gene family, in regulating NK cell function. (+info)

Functional subclasses of T-lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. II. Cooperation between subclasses of Ly+ cells in the ... Functional subclasses of T-lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. I. The generation of functionally distinct T-cell ... Boyse EA, Old LJ, Stockert E. An approach to the mapping of antigens on the cell surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1968;60:886. ... J Exp Med 145: 1-9. Rao A, Ko WW, Faas SJ, Cantor H. Binding of antigen in the absence of histocompatibility proteins by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Cantor

McKenzie IF, Gardiner J, Cherry M, Snell GD (March 1977). "Lymphocyte antigens: Ly-4, Ly-6, and Ly-7". Transplantation ... Ly6 also known as lymphocyte antigen 6 or urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is family of proteins that share ... Upadhyay G (2019). "Emerging Role of Lymphocyte Antigen-6 Family of Genes in Cancer and Immune Cells". Frontiers in Immunology ... Kong HK, Park JH (November 2012). "Characterization and function of human Ly-6/uPAR molecules". BMB Reports. 45 (11): 595-603. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ly6

Vaughan HA, Thompson CH, Sparrow RL, McKenzie IF (October 1983). "Hu Ly-M3--a human leukocyte antigen". Transplantation. 36 (4 ... CD48 antigen (Cluster of Differentiation 48) also known as B-lymphocyte activation marker (BLAST-1) or signaling lymphocytic ... Smith GM, Biggs J, Norris B, Anderson-Stewart P, Ward R (1998). "Detection of a soluble form of the leukocyte surface antigen ... Killeen N, Moessner R, Arvieux J, Willis A, Williams AF (October 1988). "The MRC OX-45 antigen of rat leukocytes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD48

Smith SS, Patterson T, Pauza ME (2005). "Transgenic Ly-49A inhibits antigen-driven T cell activation and delays diabetes". J. ... 2003). "Initiation and limitation of Ly-49A NK cell receptor acquisition by T cell factor-1". J. Immunol. 171 (2): 769-75. doi: ... following antigen encounter in vitro and in vivo". J. Immunol. 176 (3): 1439-46. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1439. PMID 16424171 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF7

Antigen-specific memory B cell development. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:487-513. (B cells, Human cells, Immune system, ... Bajenoff M, Egen JG, Koo LY, et al. Stromal cell networks regulate lymphocyte entry, migration, and territoriality in lymph ... Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node. Science. 2002;296(5574):1869-1873. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular_B_cell

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain also known as HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 (Cluster ... Kudo J, Chao LY, Narni F, Saunders GF (December 1985). "Structure of the human gene encoding the invariant gamma-chain of class ... The invariant chain (Abbreviated Ii) is a polypeptide which plays a critical role in antigen presentation. It is involved in ... The stable MHC class II + antigen complex is then presented on the cell surface. Without CLIP, MHC class II aggregates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD74

T-lymphocyte surface antigen Ly-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY9 gene. LY9 has also recently been designated ... Sayós J, Martín M, Chen A, Simarro M, Howie D, Morra M, Engel P, Terhorst C (2001). "Cell surface receptors Ly-9 and CD84 ... "Entrez Gene: LY9 lymphocyte antigen 9". Sayós J, Martín M, Chen A, Simarro M, Howie D, Morra M, Engel P, Terhorst C (Jun 2001 ... Kingsmore SF, Souryal CA, Watson ML, Patel DD, Seldin MF (Aug 1995). "Physical and genetic linkage of the genes encoding Ly-9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LY9

Chye SM, Lin SR, Chen YL, Chung LY, Yen CM (January 2004). "Immuno-PCR for detection of antigen to Angiostrongylus cantonensis ... Consequently, alternative approaches to detect antigen-antibody reactions are being explored, such as immuno-PCR. A rapid dot- ... Current methods of detecting specific antigens associated with A. cantonensis are also unreliable. ... motion Toxic byproducts such as nitrogenous waste Antigens released by dead and living parasites Although the clinical disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiostrongylus_cantonensis

1990). "The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility". Eur. J. Immunol ... 1992). "Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein". ... the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (16): 6728. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728. PMC ... CD59+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD59

First coined TL (for "thymus-leukemia" antigen in mice) then later as the Ly series (originally named Ly-A and Ly-B and later ... Old discovered the LY-B antigen, later renamed CD8 in humans. CD8 cells, often referred to as "killer" T cells, are one of the ... Ly-A and Ly-B: Two systems of lymphocyte isoantigens in the mouse. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1968 Jun 11; 170(19): 175-93. ... called Ly-1, Ly-2, and Ly-3), this discovery led directly to the wide use of cell surface markers to distinguish and classify ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_J._Old

Monte M, Simonatto M, Peche LY, et al. (2006). "MAGE-A tumor antigens target p53 transactivation function through histone ... Melanoma-associated antigen 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGEA2 gene. This gene is a member of the MAGEA ... Rogner UC, Wilke K, Steck E, Korn B, Poustka A (Mar 1996). "The melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) family is clustered in the ... "Entrez Gene: MAGEA2 melanoma antigen family A, 2". Brasseur F, Rimoldi D, Liénard D, et al. (1995). "Expression of MAGE genes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGEA2

The LU domain (Ly-6 antigen/uPAR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain of the three-finger protein superfamily. This ... Other LU domain proteins are small globular proteins such as CD59 antigen, LYNX1, SLURP1, and SLURP2. Urokinase plasminogen ... for example the Ly-6 family, CD59, and Sgp-2. A variety of GPI-linked cell-surface glycoproteins are composed of one or more ... such as the CD59 antigen, have well-studied functions in regulation of the immune system. PDB: 2J8B; Leath KJ, Johnson S, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LU_domain

These tumor antigens are either TSA (Tumor-specific antigen) or TAA (Tumor-associated antigen). Tumor-specific antigens (TSA) ... Hsieh MY, Lu SN, Wang LY, Liu TY, Su WP, Lin ZY, Chuang WL, Chen SC, Chang WY (November 1992). "Alpha-fetoprotein in patients ... Oncofetal antigens are tumor-associated antigens expressed by embryonic cells and by tumors. Examples of oncofetal antigens are ... role of antigen load, antigen-presenting cells, and cytokines". Journal of Immunology. 163 (1): 130-6. PMID 10384108. Scheffer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunology

RhoGDI2 (ARHGDIB) is part of a family of three members: RhoGDI1, RhoGDI2 (also known as RhoGDIB, D4-GDI or Ly-GDI) and RhoGDI3 ... function cooperatively as signal transducers in T cell antigen receptor-induced pathways". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (51): 50121-30. ... Scherle P, Behrens T, Staudt LM (September 1993). "Ly-GDI, a GDP-dissociation inhibitor of the RhoA GTP-binding protein, is ... Groysman M, Hornstein I, Alcover A, Katzav S (2003). "Vav1 and Ly-GDI two regulators of Rho GTPases, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARHGDIB

... a member of the LY-6 family of cell surface antigens, in bladder, esophagus, and stomach tumors". Biochemical and Biophysical ... "Entrez Gene: PSCA prostate stem cell antigen". Saeki N, Gu J, Yoshida T, Wu X (July 2010). "Prostate stem cell antigen: a ... Prostate stem cell antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PSCA gene. This gene encodes a ... Tran CP, Lin C, Yamashiro J, Reiter RE (December 2002). "Prostate stem cell antigen is a marker of late intermediate prostate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSCA_(gene)

Phan D, Cheng CJ, Galfione M, Vakar-Lopez F, Tunstead J, Thompson NE, Burgess RR, Najjar SM, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH (2004). " ... "Identification of Sp2 as a transcriptional repressor of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp2_transcription_factor

"Characterization of the human Ly-6 antigens, the newly annotated member Ly-6K included, as molecular markers for head-and-neck ... Ding L, Shevach EM (2001). "Inhibition of the function of the FcγRIIB by a monoclonal antibody to thymic shared antigen-1, a Ly ... "Essential Role for the Lymphostromal Plasma Membrane Ly-6 Superfamily Molecule Thymic Shared Antigen 1 in Development of the ... "Physical and functional association between thymic shared antigen-1/stem cell antigen-2 and the T cell receptor complex". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LY6E

Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G6E (pseudogene) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY6G6E gene. LY6G6E belongs ... Mallya M, Campbell RD, Aguado B (October 2006). "Characterization of the five novel Ly-6 superfamily members encoded in the MHC ... "Entrez Gene: Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G6E pseudogene)". Mallya M, Campbell RD, Aguado B (July 2002). " ... Ribas G, Neville M, Wixon JL, Cheng J, Campbell RD (July 1999). "Genes encoding three new members of the leukocyte antigen 6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LY6G6E

"Entrez Gene: STUB1 STIP1 homology and U-box containing protein 1". Ballinger CA, Connell P, Wu Y, Hu Z, Thompson LJ, Yin LY, ... "Identification of tumor-associated antigens in chronic lymphocytic leukemia by SEREX". Blood. 100 (6): 2123-31. doi:10.1182/ ... Ballinger CA, Connell P, Wu Y, Hu Z, Thompson LJ, Yin LY, Patterson C (Jun 1999). "Identification of CHIP, a novel ... "Characterization of human colon cancer antigens recognized by autologous antibodies". International Journal of Cancer. 76 (5): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STUB1

The e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen. Am J Epidemiol 1977;105(2):94-98 Beasley RP, Hwang LY, ... Beasley then showed that the "E" antigen is a good predictor for vertical transmission from mother-to-infant. This observation ... Lancet 1981;2(8243):388-393 Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lin CC, Chien CS. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. A ... The Abbott Laboratories then developed a more sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay technique to detect the surface antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Palmer_Beasley

Ly-49+antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Protein pages needing a picture, ... Barten R, Trowsdale J (July 1999). "The human Ly-49L gene". Immunogenetics. 49 (7-8): 731-4. doi:10.1007/s002510050675. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLRA1

This gene encodes a member of the Ly-6/neurotoxin gene family, a group of lymphocyte antigens that attach to the cell surface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LYNX1

An antigen assay has been developed to detect a key virulence factor Mp1p that has been shown to have a high specificity for ... Thu, Nguyen T. M.; Chan, Jasper F. W.; Ly, Vo Trieu; Ngo, Hoa T.; Hien, Ha T. A.; Lan, Nguyen P. H.; Chau, Nguyen V. V.; Cai, ... Jian-Piao; Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Day, Jeremy N.; van Doorn, Rogier (21 June 2020). "Superiority of a novel Mp1p antigen detection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaromycosis

Song WY, Wang GL, Chen LL, Kim HS, Pi LY, Holsten T, et al. (December 1995). "A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the ... PRRs also mediate the initiation of antigen-specific adaptive immune response and release of inflammatory cytokines. The ... doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374279-7.02022-1. ISBN 978-0-08-092152-5. Wang GL, Ruan DL, Song WY, Sideris S, Chen L, Pi LY, et al. ( ... Tissue Antigens. 68 (3): 193-209. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00649.x. PMC 7169806. PMID 16948640. Bahar O, Pruitt R, Luu DD, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

"The Oka blood group antigen is a marker for the M6 leukocyte activation antigen, the human homolog of OX-47 antigen, basigin ... Crosnier C, Bustamante LY, Bartholdson SJ, Bei AK, Theron M, Uchikawa M, et al. (November 2011). "Basigin is a receptor ... There are three known antigens in the Ok system; the most common being Oka (also called OK1), OK2 and OK3. Basigin has been ... Ok blood group system at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basigin

Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TINAGL1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release ... Jiang LQ, Wen SJ, Wang HY, Chen LY (2003). "Screening the proteins that interact with calpain in a human heart cDNA library ... "Entrez Gene: TINAGL1 tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like 1". Brömme NC, Wex T, Wex H, et al. (2000). "Cloning, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TINAGL1

Sayós J, Martín M, Chen A, Simarro M, Howie D, Morra M, Engel P, Terhorst C (Jun 2001). "Cell surface receptors Ly-9 and CD84 ... de la Fuente MA, Pizcueta P, Nadal M, Bosch J, Engel P (Sep 1997). "CD84 leukocyte antigen is a new member of the Ig ... Sayós J, Martín M, Chen A, Simarro M, Howie D, Morra M, Engel P, Terhorst C (Jun 2001). "Cell surface receptors Ly-9 and CD84 ... Kingsmore SF, Souryal CA, Watson ML, Patel DD, Seldin MF (1995). "Physical and genetic linkage of the genes encoding Ly-9 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD84

Yousef GM, Obiezu CV, Luo LY, et al. (1999). "Prostase/KLK-L1 is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family, is expressed ... Takayama TK, Carter CA, Deng T (2001). "Activation of prostate-specific antigen precursor (pro-PSA) by prostin, a novel human ... 2005). "Kallikrein 4 (hK4) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are associated with the loss of E-cadherin and an epithelial- ... Stephenson SA, Verity K, Ashworth LK, Clements JA (August 1999). "Localization of a new prostate-specific antigen-related ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLK4

As a member of the Ly-6/uPAR family, the protein contains a disulfide β-structural core and three protruding loops. The protein ... LY6/PLAUR Domain Containing 6B, also known under the name Cancer/Testis Antigen 116 (CTA116) and LYPD7 is encoded by the LYPD6B ... LYPD6B is a member of the lymphocyte antigen 6 (LY6) protein family. It is expressed in the testis, lungs, stomach, prostate ... As a prototoxin, LYPD6B also belongs to the protein family of Ly-6/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (Ly6/uPAR). It has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LYPD6B

Unlike other antigens of the malaria parasite which are often genetically diverse, the PfRH5 antigen appears to have little ... Crosnier C, Bustamante LY, Bartholdson SJ, Bei AK, Theron M, Uchikawa M, et al. (November 2011). "Basigin is a receptor ... The liver stage antigen 1 (LSA1), three from the erythrocytic stage (merozoite surface protein 1, serine repeat antigen, and ... Potential antigens against which a vaccine could be targeted will be discussed in greater depth later. Antibodies are part of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria_vaccine

Voysey M, Costa Clemens SA, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK, et al. (marec 2021). "Single-dose administration and the ... 67] konjugirana cepiva (pri katerih je antigen povezan oziroma konjugiran s proteinom) in cepivo na osnovi virusa vezikuloznega ... Proteinska in peptidna komponentna cepiva vsebujejo le antigen ali njegovo podenoto, običajno pa vsebujejo še adjuvans, ki ... poveča njegovo imunogenost (kot virusni antigen se uporablja zlasti konična beljakovina ali njen del z vezavnim mestom za ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepivo_proti_covidu-19

Wortsman, J; Matsuoka, LY; Chen, TC; Lu, Z; Holick, MF. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. The American Journal ... The common Scandinavian human leucocyte antigen ancestral haplotype 62.1 as prognostic factor in patients with advanced ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/维生素D缺乏症

Kun LY (2006). Microbial Biotechnology: Principles And Applications (2nd ed.). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company. ... Use of F(ab')2 or Fab fragments ensures that the antibodies are binding to the antigen and not Fc receptors. These fragments ... F(ab')2, and to a greater extent Fab, fragments allow more exact localization of the target antigen, i.e., in staining tissue ... In some assays, it is preferable to use only the antigen-binding (Fab) portion of the antibody. For these applications, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsin

Jeng JE, Tsai JF, Chuang LY, Ho MS, Lin ZY, Hsieh MY, et al. (March 2008). "Heat shock protein A1B 1267 polymorphism is highly ... Gupta N, Jagadish N, Surolia A, Suri A (2017). "Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) a novel cancer testis antigen that promotes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA1B

Antigen receptors on CTL can bind to a 9-10 amino acid chain that is presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) as ... Yamaguchi H, Calado RT, Ly H, Kajigaya S, Baerlocher GM, Chanock SJ, Lansdorp PM, Young NS (April 2005). "Mutations in TERT, ... Humans have two major antigen identifying lymphocytes: CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) and CD4+ helper T-lymphocytes that ... Patel KP, Vonderheide RH (June 2004). "Telomerase as a tumor-associated antigen for cancer immunotherapy". Cytotechnology. 45 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase

Indeed, a vaccine that provides accessible antigens in the absence of these other proteins may allow us to control the response ... Daniel Freeman; Bao Sheng Loe; Ly-Mee Yu; Jason Freeman; Andrew Chadwick; Cristian Vaccari (May 16, 2021). "Effects of ... A study published in 2013 found no correlation between autism and the antigen number in the vaccines the children were ... but the number of antigens the child is exposed to by the age of two is 315. Vaccines pose a very small immunologic load ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine_hesitancy

Qi, Xiaoxuan; Lan, Shuiyun; Wang, Wenjian; Schelde, Lisa McLay; Dong, Haohao; Wallat, Gregor D.; Ly, Hinh; Liang, Yuying; Dong ... Nucleoproteins are often the major antigens for viruses because they have strain-specific and group-specific antigenic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoprotein

Normal body cells are not recognized and attacked by NK cells because they express intact self MHC antigens. Those MHC antigens ... Song WY, Wang GL, Chen LL, Kim HS, Pi LY, Holsten T, et al. (December 1995). "A receptor kinase-like protein encoded by the ... Dendritic cells are very important in the process of antigen presentation, and serve as a link between the innate and adaptive ... by specialized white blood cells activate the adaptive immune system through antigen presentation act as a physical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

Human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*15 haplotype is a potential risk factor of MS. Because of the increased likelihood of the mother's ... Zhang W, Tian Z, Sha S, Cheng LY, Philipsen S, Tan-Un KC (2011). "Functional and sequence analysis of human neuroglobin gene ... The CTLA-4 gene produces an antigen of the same name that is presented on killer T-cells and allows for the suppression of the ... Methylation of this gene represses production of the antigen CTLA-4-a pattern seen in a significant majority of myasthenia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_neurodegenerative_diseases

Carreno, BM; Magrini, V; Becker-Hapak, M; Kaabinejadian, S; Hundal, J; Petti, AA; Ly, A; Lie, WR; Hildebrand, WH; Mardis, ER; ... CD4+ T cells can interact with antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells to recruit other immune cells or stimulate ... and antigen-loaded dendritic cells. In 2015, a first step towards individualized neoantigen vaccination was achieved by ... that were predicted to bind to human leukocyte antigens (HLA). The neoantigen-loaded dendritic cells were cultured in vitro for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualized_cancer_immunotherapy

DOI: 10.1038/ncb3340 Seifert, L., Werba, G., Tiwari, S., Giao Ly, N.N., Alothman, S., Alqunaibit, D., Avanzi, A., Barilla, R., ... During her postdoctoral studies, Engle focused her efforts on probing a specific carbohydrate antigen, CA19-9, released by ... Seifert, Lena; Werba, Gregor; Tiwari, Shaun; Giao Ly, Nancy Ngoc; Alothman, Sara; Alqunaibit, Dalia; Avanzi, Antonina; Barilla ... Cross-Species Single-Cell Analysis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Reveals Antigen-Presenting Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannielle_Engle

TNFRSF25 is activated by a monogamous ligand, known as TL1A (TNFSF15), which is rapidly upregulated in antigen presenting cells ... Metheny-Barlow LJ, Li LY (2006). "Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), an endogenous negative regulator of ... Similarly, because TNFRSF25 activation is antigen dependent, costimulation of TNFRSF25 together with an autoantigen or with a ... This receptor is expressed preferentially by activated and antigen-experienced T lymphocytes. TNFRSF25 is also highly expressed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_receptor_3

Both heterogeneous immunoassays (antigens interacting with immobilized antibodies) and homogeneous immunoassays (antigens ... Ho J, Tan MK, Go DB, Yeo LY, Friend JR, Chang HC (May 2011). "Paper-based microfluidic surface acoustic wave sample delivery ... Yeo LY, Friend JR (January 2009). "Ultrafast microfluidics using surface acoustic waves". Biomicrofluidics. 3 (1): 12002. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_microfluidics

... which is a glycoprotein that serves as a ligand for macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 ( ... Shi LY, Li M, Yuan LJ, Wang Q, Li XM (2008). "A new paramyxovirus, Tianjin strain, isolated from common cotton-eared marmoset: ... which is a glycoprotein that serves as a ligand for macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 ( ... July 2008). "Antigen-specific T-cell induction by vaccination with a recombinant Sendai virus vector even in the presence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

Boroumand N, Ly TL, Sonstein J, Medeiros LJ (July 2012). "Microscopic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) occurring in ... A phase I clinical trial is recruiting individuals to study the side effects and efficacy of CD19/CD22 chimeric antigen ... "Phase I CD19/CD22 Chimeric Antigen Receptor(CAR) T-Cells in Adults With Recurrent/Refractory B Cell Malignancies - Full Text ... Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2) (a protein which stimulates infected cells to make >300 gene products some of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_large_B-cell_lymphoma_associated_with_chronic_inflammation

Lan Anh (30 November 2020). "Nam giáo viên tiếng Anh ở TP.HCM lây COVID-19 từ người cách ly, Bộ Y tế họp khẩn". Tuổi Trẻ. THU ... In May 2020, Vietnam announced the development of its COVID-19 vaccine after scientists generated the viral antigen in the lab ... "Xử lý hình sự nếu trốn cách ly, đưa trái phép thông tin cá nhân nhân viên y tế". Vietnam Ministry of Health. 31 March 2020. ... HIỂU ĐÚNG về yêu cầu cách ly xã hội. Ministry of Health (Vietnam). 2 April 2020 Công bố dịch COVID-19 toàn quốc. Ministry of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam

Wong LY, Zheng J, Wilhelmsen K, Li K, Ortiz ME, Schnicker NJ, McCray PB, Perlman S (2022). "Eicosanoid signaling blockade ... Furthermore, DP1 activation reduces eosinophilia in allergic inflammation and blocks antigen-presenting langerhans cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_DP1_receptor

Carreno, BM; Magrini, V; Becker-Hapak, M; Kaabinejadian, S; Hundal, J; Petti, AA; Ly, A; Lie, WR; Hildebrand, WH; Mardis, ER; ... "Intranodal vaccination with naked antigen-encoding RNA elicits potent prophylactic and therapeutic antitumoral immunity". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualized_medicine

Deng, Han-Bing; Tam, Tony; Zee, Benny Chung-Ying; Chung, Roger Yat-Nork; Su, Xuefen; Jin, Lei; Chan, Ta-Chien; Chang, Ly-Yun; ... The immune system learns to recognize that antigen and attacks it when exposed again in the future. Studies have found that ... When vaccines expose the body to a weakened or deactivated antigen, the body initiates an immune response. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_deprivation

Because it is exposed on the surface of the virus, the spike protein is a major antigen to which neutralizing antibodies are ... LY-CoV555) in an effort to fight COVID-19". Eli Lilly and Company (Press release). 28 October 2020. "Casirivimab injection, ... Koenig, Paul-Albert; Schmidt, Florian I. (17 June 2021). "Spike D614G - A Candidate Vaccine Antigen Against Covid-19". New ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronavirus_spike_protein

Fang WK, Gu W, Liao LD, Chen B, Wu ZY, Wu JY, Shen J, Xu LY, Li EM (2014). "Prognostic significance of desmoglein 2 and ... Arnemann J, Spurr NK, Buxton RS (May 1992). "The human gene (DSG3) coding for the pemphigus vulgaris antigen is, like the genes ... Kárpáti S, Amagai M, Prussick R, Cehrs K, Stanley JR (July 1993). "Pemphigus vulgaris antigen, a desmoglein type of cadherin, ... Desmoglein List of target antigens in pemphigus List of conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins GRCh38: Ensembl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmoglein-3

Stormorken, H; Briseid, K; Hellum, B; Hoem, NO; Johansen, HT; Ly, B (15 December 1990). "A new case of total kininogen ... Stormorken, H; Erikssen, J. (1984). "xF VIII levels and blood group antigens". Thromb. Haemost. 51: 292. doi:10.1055/s-0038- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge_Stormorken

Other LU proteins, such as the CD59 antigen, have well-studied functions in regulation of the immune system. Snake three-finger ... Comparison to other members of the Ly-6 family and snake venom alpha-neurotoxins". FEBS Letters. 349 (2): 163-8. doi:10.1016/ ... The family is named for two representative groups of members, the small globular protein lymphocyte antigen 6 (LY6) family and ... Other LU domain proteins are small globular proteins such as CD59 antigen, LYNX1, SLURP1, and SLURP2. Many LU domain containing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-finger_protein

Singleton PA, Bourguignon LY (2004). "CD44 interaction with ankyrin and IP3 receptor in lipid rafts promotes hyaluronan- ... 2007). "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are autoantibody target antigens in patients with Sjögren's syndrome and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITPR3

Identification of Ly-5 and T200 antigens on identical cell surface proteins. scientific article published on 01 September 1980 ... Identification of Ly-5 and T200 antigens on identical cell surface proteins (English) ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72616119

Ly-41 antigen. *M6S1. *membrane component chromosome 6 surface marker 1. *membrane component, chromosome 6, surface marker 1 ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/enpp1/

Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lee GC, et al. Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B immune ... Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Screening Among Pregnant Women and Care of Infants of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Mothers ... Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Screening Among Pregnant Women and Care of Infants of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Mothers ... The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all pregnant women be screened for hepatitis B surface antigen ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6619a5.htm

L3T4; Ly-4. Summary. Predicted to enable several functions, including interleukin-16 binding activity; interleukin-16 receptor ... T-cell differentiation antigen L3T4. T-cell surface antigen T4/Leu-3. ... CD4 antigenprovided by MGI. Primary source. MGI:MGI:88335 See related. Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000023274 AllianceGenome:MGI:88335 Gene ... Cd4 CD4 antigen [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ] Gene ID: 12504, updated on 22-Nov-2022 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/12504

Most hematopoietic cells express one or more members of Ly-6 family. ... Antigen Details Structure 14-17 kD protein (134 amino acids), member of the Ly-6 family of GPI linked protein. Ly6 family ... View All Ly-6C Reagents Request Custom Conjugation Description. Clone. Applications. Pacific Blue™ anti-mouse Ly-6C. HK1.4. FC ... The expression of Ly-6 varies with development stage and activation. Ly-6C is a 14-17 kD GPI-linked surface protein expressed ...

https://www.biolegend.com/it-it/products/apc-cyanine7-anti-mouse-ly-6c-antibody-6758

Antigens, Ly / immunology * Cell Line, Tumor * Cell Movement / immunology * Chemokine CCL17 / immunology* ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24501019/?dopt=Abstract

The cardiologists are light-years ahead of us as a community in this regard. ... Serve(d) as a director, officer, partner, employee, advisor, consultant, or trustee for: Clovis; Nektar; Antigen Express. ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/823572

... and human leukocyte antigen ,i ,(HLA),/i, genetic background could influence the onset age of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in ... H. L.-Y. Chan, A. Y. Hui, M. L. Wong et al., "Genotype C hepatitis B virus infection is associated with an increased risk of ... W. Jiang, J. Q. Zhang, N. Pan, J. H. Xu, and W. Xie, "Identification of a novel HLA-A allele, HLA-A*9216," Tissue Antigens, vol ... To investigate whether killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic background ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2013/874514/

Beasley RP, Hwang L-Y. Postnatal infectivity of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. J Infect Dis 1983;147:185-90.. * ... Hwang L-Y, Lee C-Y, Beasley RP. Five year follow-up of HBV vaccination with plasma-derived vaccine in neonates. Evaluation of ... Beasley RP, Hwang L-Y, Stevens CE, et al. Efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin for prevention of perinatal transmission of ... Beasley RP, Hwang L-Y. Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Vyas GN, Dienstag JL, Hoofnagle JH, eds. Viral hepatitis ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0033405/m0033405.asp

Cantor H., Shen F. W., Boyse E. A. 1976; Separation of helper T cells from suppressor T cells expressing different Ly ... Activation by antigen after immunization, antigen-specific suppressor and helper activities are mediated by distinct T-cell ... Miller S. D., Wetzig R. P., Claman H. N. 1979; The induction of cell-mediated immunity and tolerance with protein antigens ... Cell-mediated Immunity in Herpes Simplex Virus-infected Mice: Suppression of Delayed Hypersensitivity by an Antigen-specific B ...

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-48-2-359

Domains homologous with the internal repeats of u-PAR constitute the extracellular part of Ly-6 antigens and of the squid ... Ly-6 family, CD59, thymocyte B cell antigen, Sgp-2). Topology of these domains is similar to that of snake venom neurotoxins. ... Ly-6 family, CD59, thymocyte B cell antigen, Sgp-2). ... Ly-6 antigen / uPA receptor -like domain. SMART accession ... The cell surface antigen CD59 is an inhibitor of complement-mediated lysis and a member of the Ly6 superfamily (Ly6SF) of ...

http://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=LU&BLAST=DUMMY

WONG DK, Chen C, Mak LY, Fung J, et al Detection of the hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with occult hepatitis B using ...

https://amedeo.com/medicine/hep/jclinmi.htm

Ly-3, Ly-C, Lyt-3. Antigen description The CD8b (CD8 beta) subunit of CD8 T cell coreceptor is expressed in CD8 alpha/beta ... Exbio - Research products - Antibodies - CD and related antigens - Anti-Ms CD8b PE ...

https://www.exbio.cz/research-product/antibodies/cd-and-related-antigens/anti-ms-cd8b-pe?q=0.1+mg

Elastin is a self-antigen; hence, it is plausible that a state of tolerance exists towards this antigen. To explore whether ... bit.ly/2XK9dC6 ... MMP12-generated elastin fragments serve as a self-antigen and ... The objective of the current study was to investigate whether elastin serves as a self-antigen to drive cigarette smoke-induced ... These data demonstrate that MMP12-generated elastin fragments serve as a self-antigen and drive the cigarette smoke-induced ...

https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/56/3/2000404

20-30% will develop a blast crisis with lymphoid-associated antigens (Ly-BC) ... 70-80% will develop a blast crisis with myeloid-associated antigens (My-BC) or with both (Mix-BC) 2 ...

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/blast-crisis?lang=us

CD72c; Ly-19; Ly-32; Lyb-2; Ly-m19; lymphocyte antigen 32; B-cell differentiation antigen CD72. ...

https://www.creativebiomart.net/recombinant-mouse-cd72-protein-his-tagged-486100.htm

... a 14-17 kDa GPI-linked cell-surface antigen found on some monocyte/macrophage populations, granulocytes, endothelial cells, ... while Ly-6.1 strains (eg, A, BALB/c, CBA, C3H/He, DBA/1, NZB) have only CD8+ Ly-6C+ T cells. Upregulation of Ly-6C expression ... while Ly-6.1 strains (eg, A, BALB/c, CBA, C3H/He, DBA/1, NZB) have only CD8+ Ly-6C+ T cells. Upregulation of Ly-6C expression ... Mice with the Ly-6.2 alloantigen (eg, AKR, C57BL, C57BR, C57L, C58, DBA/2, PL, SJL, SWR, 129) have subsets of CD8+ and CD4+ Ly- ...

https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-us/products/reagents/flow-cytometry-reagents/research-reagents/single-color-antibodies-ruo/apc-rat-anti-mouse-ly-6c.560595

The antigen is further expressed on most malignant B cells. CD20 is not found on early B cell progenitors or plasma cells. ... REA780 recognizes the human CD20 antigen, a non-glycosylated transmembrane protein of 33-37 kDa that is expressed on B lineage ... Alternative names of antigen. B1, Bp35, Ly-44, MS4A1, CVID5, LEU-16, MS4A2, S7. ... Alternative names of antigen. B1, Bp35, Ly-44, MS4A1, CVID5, LEU-16, MS4A2, S7. ...

https://www.miltenyibiotec.com/CA-en/products/cd20-antibodies-rea780.html

It has been identified as the major ligand of the B-cell antigen CD72. ... Lyt-1, Ly-1, Lymphocyte antigen 1, Ly-12, Ly-A, T1, Tp67 ... Ly-1 (CD5), a membrane glycoprotein of mouse T lymphocytes and ... It has been identified as the major ligand of the B-cell antigen CD72. The frequency of CD5+ B cells exhibits strain-dependent ... T cell subsets defined by expression of Lyt-1,2,3 and Thy-1 antigens. Two-parameter immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity ...

https://www.southernbiotech.com/products/rat-anti-mouse-cd5-apc-53-7-3-1547-11

To pre-register for the antigen rapid test or the PCR test, visit www.bit.ly/3O6RBai. For assistance with registration, call ... Antigen rapid COVID-19 at-home test kits. Community members have the opportunity to pick up free antigen rapid at-home test ... Antigen rapid COVID-19 testing. Individuals have the opportunity to receive an antigen rapid test performed by trained staff at ... Antigen rapid and PCR COVID-19 testing appointment times are Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. at LCHD, 607 N. ...

https://tomahawkleader.com/2022/06/09/lchd-highlights-covid-19-testing-options/

Once an antigen test shows a COVID-19 positive result, visit bit.ly/nkcovidtest to complete the form. The form will require a ... Antigen tests for at-home use will be available at each school for pick-up if your student has developed symptoms. Additionally ... This option will only be used to conduct an antigen test at school if your student develops symptoms at school, with parent/ ...

https://www.nkschools.org/about/covid-19_information/c_o_v_i_d-19_testing_and_reporting

Mak, LY. et al. hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg): an emerging marker for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Aliment ... The results of ddPCR correlated more closely with serum HB core-related antigen (R2=0.9843) than HB surface antigen (HBsAg) (R2 ... Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme ... hepatitis B surface antigen; HBcrAg, hepatitis B core-related antigen; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; PEG-IFN, pegylated ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-583058/v1

Immune checkpoint therapies block inhibitory co-receptors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and ... T cells are activated when T cell receptors (TCRs) engage peptides presented by antigen-presenting cells (APC), causing an ... CD5, known as Ly-1 antigen in mice or as Leu-1 in humans, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein (67 kDa) expressed on the ... Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4, CD152) inhibits early stages of T cell ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/5/1295/htm

Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G (Ly-6G), a 21-25 kD GPI-anchored protein, is expressed on the majority of myeloid cells ... While 1A8 recognizes only Ly-6G, clone RB6-8C5 recognizes both Ly-6G and Ly-6C. Clone RB6-8C5 binds with high affinity to mouse ... View All Ly-6G Reagents Request Custom Conjugation Description. Clone. Applications. Alexa Fluor® 594 anti-mouse Ly-6G. 1A8. ... Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G (Ly-6G), a 21-25 kD GPI-anchored protein, is expressed on the majority of myeloid cells ...

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... infection is characterised by the persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Expanding HBV diagnosis and treatment ... Ly TD, Servant-Delmas A, Bagot S, Gonzalo S, Ferey MP, Ebel A, et al. Sensitivities of four new commercial hepatitis B virus ... Evaluation of a new rapid test for the combined detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen and hepatitis B virus e antigen ... Amini, A., Varsaneux, O., Kelly, H. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of tests to detect hepatitis B surface antigen: a systematic ...

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-017-2772-3

CD161, CD161 antigen, CD161c, CLEC5BC-type lectin domain family 5 member B, HNKR-P1a, killer cell lectin-like receptor ... subfamily B member 1, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, Klrb1c, Ly55c, Ly-59, Natural killer cell surface ...

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Total cases include confirmed (PCR testing) and probable (antigen testing) cases.. • Deaths of Montgomery County residents have ... SETRAC data for regional hospitalizations can be found here: https://bit.ly/3jwhdiV.. The Testing Positivity Rate for ...

https://www.woodlandsonline.com/npps/story.cfm?nppage=72374

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all pregnant women be screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in each pregnancy and that infants of HBsAg-positive women receive postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of birth to reduce the risk for perinatal HBV transmission. (cdc.gov)
Testing to identify pregnant women who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and providing their infants with immunoprophylaxis effec- tively prevents HBV transmission during the perinatal period (4,5). (cdc.gov)
The results of ddPCR correlated more closely with serum HB core-related antigen (R 2 =0.9843) than HB surface antigen (HBsAg) (R 2 =0.9742) in 24 HBV-infected human-liver-chimeric mice (PXB-mice). (researchsquare.com)
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is characterised by the persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). (biomedcentral.com)
Chronic HBV infection is defined as persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) for at least six months, and the testing strategy involves an initial serological test to detect HBsAg followed by nucleic-acid amplification test (NAT) for detection of HBV DNA viral load to help guide treatment decisions [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Besides the levels of serum HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) quantification is an emerging serological marker for viral replication. (e-cmh.org)
Unlike HBV DNA and HBsAg, HBcrAg is a covalently closed circular DNA-derived protein marker, consisting of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), p22cr, and hepatitis B core antigen. (e-cmh.org)
Recent data estimated that more than 257 million individuals worldwide are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [ 1 ]. (e-cmh.org)
So far, there are several serum quantitative markers for viral replication, including HBV DNA, HBsAg, and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg). (e-cmh.org)
However, given the limited effect on covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), NA therapy rarely leads to a functional cure (defined as hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] loss with undetectable HBV DNA)[1-3]. (researchsquare.com)
Several HBV biomarkers, including HBV DNA, HBsAg titer, and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg), have been used to monitor HBV chronic infection and antiviral therapy[6-10]. (researchsquare.com)

To investigate whether killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic background could influence the onset age of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, one hundred and seventy-one males with HBV-related HCC were enrolled. (hindawi.com)
The risk of perinatal HBV infection among infants born to HBV-infected mothers ranges from 10% to 85%, depending on each mother's hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status (3,7,8). (cdc.gov)
Detection of the hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with occult hepatitis B using an assay with enhanced sensitivity. (amedeo.com)
One dose of single-antigen hepatitis A vaccine has been shown to control outbreaks of hepatitis A and provides up to 95% seroprotection in healthy individuals for up to 11 years. (cdc.gov)

1. Ledbetter JA, Herzenberg LA. Xenogeneic monoclonal antibodies to mouse lymphoid differentiation antigens. (southernbiotech.com)
Antibodies may form in response to these antigens, resulting in destruction of donor red blood cells (RBCs), with sequelae leading to clinical manifestations of fever, hypotension, rigors, acute respiratory failure , and acute renal failure . (medscape.com)
Antigen/antibody tests detect both HIV antibodies and antigens, a part of the virus, in blood. (medstarhealth.org)

Purpose: A task force of experts from 11 United States (US) centers, sought to describe practices for managing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell toxicity in the intensive care unit (ICU). (elsevier.com)
Carisma is trying the development of chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M) therapies, and is "believed to be the only company developing CAR-M therapies with demonstrated proof of mechanism and safety data in clinical trials," it said. (technical.ly)
Relevant professional meetings and oncology publications exploded with research and news about chimeric antigen receptor T cells, and this cellular therapy strategy is now being explored across hematologic and solid malignancies. (targetedonc.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies quickly burst into the spotlight of hematology-oncology disease management because of their potential to illicit deep and durable responses from patients whose disease is relapsed or refractory to multiple previous lines of therapy. (targetedonc.com)
Treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells directed against the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) promoted transient recovery from multiple myeloma (MM). However, the absence of this antigen on immature plasma cells may limit the efficacy of this modality and facilitate relapse. (biomedcentral.com)

Splenocytes from BALB/c mice were stained either with a APC Rat IgM, κ isotype control (shaded) or with the APC Rat Anti-Mouse Ly-6C antibody (unshaded). (bdbiosciences.com)
Splenocytes from BALB/c mice were stained with the APC Rat Anti-Mouse Ly-6C antibody in conjunction with a FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD8a antibody. (bdbiosciences.com)
However, clone RB6-8C5 is able to stain in the presence of anti-mouse Ly-6C clone HK1.4 16 . (biolegend.com)

While 1A8 recognizes only Ly-6G, clone RB6-8C5 recognizes both Ly-6G and Ly-6C. (biolegend.com)
Clone RB6-8C5 binds with high affinity to mouse Ly-6G molecules and to a lower extent to Ly-6C 15 . (biolegend.com)
Clone RB6-8C5 impairs the binding of anti-mouse Ly-6G clone 1A8 15 . (biolegend.com)

In an antiglobulin crossmatch performed using the column agglutination system, the donor RBCs, suspended in a hypotonic buffered saline solution, are mixed with the recipient's serum or plasma to allow antigen-antibody interaction in the upper chamber of the microtube. (medscape.com)
Ly-6G/Ly-6C Antibody [RB6-8C5] for use in flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation assays. (prosci-inc.com)
Antibody and antigen/antibody tests are the most common types of tests. (medstarhealth.org)
The Influence of diisocyanate antigen preparation methodology on monoclonal and serum antibody recognition. (cdc.gov)

Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G (Ly-6G), a 21-25 kD GPI-anchored protein, is expressed on the majority of myeloid cells in bone marrow and peripheral granulocytes. (biolegend.com)

Ly-6C is a 14-17 kD GPI-linked surface protein expressed on mouse monocyte/macrophage cells, endothelial cells, neutrophils, and some T cell subsets. (biolegend.com)
The induction of cell-mediated immunity and tolerance with protein antigens coupled to syngeneic lymphoid cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
REA780 recognizes the human CD20 antigen, a non-glycosylated transmembrane protein of 33-37 kDa that is expressed on B lineage cells from the pre-B cell stage to the B cell lymphoblast stage. (miltenyibiotec.com)
3. Luo W, van de Velde H, von Hoegen I, Parnes JR, Thielemans K. Ly-1 (CD5), a membrane glycoprotein of mouse T lymphocytes and a subset of B cells, is a natural ligand of the B cell surface protein Lyb-2 (CD72). (southernbiotech.com)
Mouse CD5 has been shown to react with a mouse monomorphic CD5 (Ly-1), a Group B member of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein superfamily (1). (rndsystems.com)
Ly-6G/Ly-6C, formerly known as the myeloid differentiation antigen Gr-1, is a GPI-anchored protein. (prosci-inc.com)

To address the gaps in care that prevent men of all backgrounds from being diagnosed earlier, Project Icon will conduct 1200 free Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) tests for men over the age of 40 living in Kebbi State and Abuja communities. (mayorsandcities.com)

Results: Aberrant lymphoid antigen expression was seen in 43.1% cases. (who.int)
Most frequent aberrant lymphoid antigen was CD7, seen in 26.5% cases. (who.int)
All French-American-British (FAB) subtypes except AML-M3 expressed aberrant lymphoid antigens. (who.int)
CD34 expression in AMLs was significantly associated with the expression of aberrant lymphoid antigens. (who.int)
Conclusion: In summary, CD7 is the most common aberrant lymphoid antigen expressed in AML. (who.int)
FAB subtype AML-M3 is usually not associated with aberrant lymphoid antigen expression. (who.int)

uPAR is composed of three homologous domains and is the only multi-domain member of the Ly-6 family of glycolipid-anchored membrane proteins. (embl.de)
Sputum samples were collected from 156 workers employed in 15 cotton textile mills, and expression of epithe- lial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin (CK) marker proteins was investigated. (who.int)
Mandal A. Expression of epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin among Indian workers exposed to cotton fibre dust in textile industries. (who.int)
Sections (5 µm thick) of changes in the pulmonary function test as annual decline the paraffin blocks were cut using a microtome, and in lung capacity, in addition to chest tightness, chronic stained with immunohistochemical molecular markers bronchitis, and chronic cough, and sharp decline in forced for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) or cytokeratin expiratory volume in one second ( 2 ). (who.int)

We report the successful design and execution of novel tan-CAR T cells that promote significant anti-tumor efficacy against both CD19 and BCMA antigen-positive tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

It has been identified as the major ligand of the B-cell antigen CD72. (southernbiotech.com)

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are involved in the regulation of NK cell activation through recognition of their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands. (hindawi.com)
T cells are activated when T cell receptors (TCRs) engage peptides presented by antigen-presenting cells (APC), causing an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) concentration. (mdpi.com)
Immune checkpoint therapies block inhibitory co-receptors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), to increase T cell Ca 2+ signaling and promote T cell survival. (mdpi.com)
Furthermore, immune and inflammatory responses to immunisations with mercury-containing adjuvants are strongly influenced by polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and by genes encoding effector proteins such as cytokines and pattern recognition receptors. (wordpress.com)

occurs singly in other GPI-linked cell-surface glycoproteins (Ly-6 family, CD59, thymocyte B cell antigen, Sgp-2). (embl.de)
This entry represents a three-fold repeated domain in urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) that occurs singly in other GPI-linked cell-surface glycoproteins (Ly-6 family, CD59, thymocyte B cell antigen, Sgp-2). (embl.de)
The cell surface antigen CD59 is an inhibitor of complement-mediated lysis and a member of the Ly6 superfamily (Ly6SF) of cysteine-rich cell-surface molecules whose sequences are related to those of snake venom neurotoxins. (embl.de)
A group of lymphocyte surface antigens located on mouse LYMPHOCYTES . (bvsalud.org)
Purification and molecular cloning of the APO-1 cell surface antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily. (smpdb.ca)

Rapid antigen tests detect COVID-19 when people have a higher amount of the COVID-19 virus particles in their system and are more contagious. (rowancountync.gov)
They're able to detect smaller quantities of the COVID-19 virus and detect them sooner and for a longer amount of time than antigen tests. (rowancountync.gov)
This sen-si-tiv-i-ty and accu-ra-cy would also allow the test to detect the amount of cTnI pro-tein nat-u-ral-ly secret-ed before car-diac arrest, for exam-ple. (polytechnique-insights.com)
These kits can be used by individuals to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen from nasal swabs of probable COVID-19 patients(2). (pharmamirror.com)

Specific Ly antigens are useful markers for distinguishing subpopulations of lymphocytes. (bvsalud.org)

In the bone marrow, the level of antigen expression is directly correlated with granulocyte differentiation and maturation. (prosci-inc.com)

Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Detected by Serotype-Specific Urinary Antigen Detection Assays. (rush.edu)

In addition, the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in transplantation, importance of HLA in disease susceptibility, and protection has been widely studied. (gjtmonline.com)
Association of HLA-A, B antigens with susceptibility to advanced endometriosis in Koreans]. (cdc.gov)

The T cell-based immune system frequently responds to these neoantigens and r esearch ers are beginning to develop novel therapeutic approaches that selectiv e ly enhance T cell reactivity against this class of antigens. (aldevron.com)

Total cases include confirmed (PCR testing) and probable (antigen testing) cases. (woodlandsonline.com)

More COVID-19 testing centers can be found at www.bit.ly/3O3Bdrb or by calling 715-539-2584. (tomahawkleader.com)

Most hematopoietic cells express one or more members of Ly-6 family. (biolegend.com)
Ly-6C is reported to be an indicator of memory CD8 + T cells. (biolegend.com)
Separation of helper T cells from suppressor T cells expressing different Ly components. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The antigen is further expressed on most malignant B cells. (miltenyibiotec.com)
Unexpectedly, antigen-specific CD4 + T cells (but not CD8 + T cells) could dramatically enhance the immune suppressive activity of MDSCs by converting them into powerful nonspecific suppressor cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Cellular immunotherapy is a novel and evolving treatment strategy in which cytotoxic T cells are engineered to promote recognition of specific tumor antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
NanoFlu contains Novavax's patented saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant, which has demonstrated a potent and well-tolerated effect by stimulating the entry of antigen-presenting cells into the injection site and enhancing antigen presentation in local lymph nodes. (biohealthcapital.com)

The expression of Ly-6 varies with development stage and activation. (biolegend.com)
Activation by antigen after immunization, antigen-specific suppressor and helper activities are mediated by distinct T-cell subclasses. (microbiologyresearch.org)

1 MBThis provides a form for way on the catalog of functionality, n't its same method and the antigens of that for experiences and high-end farming mice. (fellowshipbaptistsb.org)

Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective descriptive d'une durée de 2 ans 3 mois allant du 1er janvier 2018 au 31 Mars 2020 portant sur 80 dossiers de malades porteurs d'hémopathies malignes et prise en charge dans le centre. (bvsalud.org)

In addition to the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in transplantation, HLA and disease associations have been widely studied worldwide. (gjtmonline.com)
All procedures performed in India, an estimated 20 million workers are occupational- the study involving human participants were in accord- ly exposed to cotton dust in textile manufacturing indus- ance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later tries ( 1 ). (who.int)
Lai CH, Chou CY, Ch'ang LY, Liu CS, Lin W: Identification of novel human genes evolutionarily conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans by comparative proteomics. (smpdb.ca)

In the periphery, Ly-6G/Ly-6C is expressed predominantly on neutrophils. (prosci-inc.com)

Flow cytometric analysis of Ly-6C on mouse splenocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)

There is massive potential for ADCs to be used in the development of targeted solid tumour therapies, due to their ability to act as precisely and effectively on target antigens. (smgconferences.com)

Individuals have the opportunity to receive an antigen rapid test performed by trained staff at LCHD. (tomahawkleader.com)
Antigen rapid and PCR COVID-19 testing appointment times are Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. at LCHD, 607 N. Sales St., Merrill. (tomahawkleader.com)
To pre-register for the antigen rapid test or the PCR test, visit www.bit.ly/3O6RBai . (tomahawkleader.com)
Community members have the opportunity to pick up free antigen rapid at-home test kits from LCHD Monday through Friday, from 9 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. (tomahawkleader.com)
However, a negative rapid antigen test doesn't necessarily mean you are not contagious. (rowancountync.gov)
While PCR tests are considered the gold standard for a COVID-19 diagnosis, a PCR test is not necessary for those individuals who have already tested positive with a rapid antigen test. (rowancountync.gov)
Even though individuals are not required to report any positive results from a rapid, at-home antigen test, individuals still need to follow the newly adopted isolation guidance from the CDC, which both NC DHHS and Rowan County Public Health are currently following. (rowancountync.gov)
Singapore, Asia's integrated healthcare company, Clearbridge Health Limite is pleased to announce that Labnovation Technologies, Inc.'s ("Labnovation") COVID-19 Antigen Rapid ("ART") Test Kit, which is imported by Clearbridge and registered for use in the Philippines, has been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") of the Philippines for self-testing. (pharmamirror.com)

The qNIV vaccine antigens were derived from A/Brisbane 02/2018 H1N1, A/Kansas 14/2017 H3N2, B/Maryland 15/2016 and B/Phuket 3073/2013. (biohealthcapital.com)

This option will only be used to conduct an antigen test at school if your student develops symptoms at school, with parent/guardian permission. (nkschools.org)
Once an antigen test shows a COVID-19 positive result, visit bit.ly/nkcovidtest to complete the form. (nkschools.org)
The two main types of tests that are currently being used to diagnose COVID-19 are the antigen test and PCR test . (rowancountync.gov)
but has not yet reached the test's threshold of viral particles, they may still test negative with an antigen test, but then test positive with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. (rowancountync.gov)
In short and just to reiterate, any positive test (PCR or antigen) counts as a positive, but a negative antigen test needs to be confirmed with a PCR test. (rowancountync.gov)
Un test d'amplification en chaîne par polymérase (PCR) multiplex a également été mis au point pour identifier les isolats, et il s'est avéré que cette autre solution constituait un test diagnostique rapide, sensible et précis. (who.int)
Also order a urinary antigen test. (cdc.gov)
The presence of a primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate was best confirmed by negative findings on gastrointestinal work-up, a positive stain for prostate-specific acid phosphatase, and negative carcinoembryonic antigen test results. (elsevier.com)

Antigen tests for at-home use will be available at each school for pick-up if your student has developed symptoms. (nkschools.org)
PCR tests are far more sensitive than antigen tests. (rowancountync.gov)
Anoth-er lim-i-ta-tion of LFA tests is that they are not par-tic-u-lar-ly sen-si-tive. (polytechnique-insights.com)

2. Ledbetter JA, Rouse RV, Micklem HS, Herzenberg LA. T cell subsets defined by expression of Lyt-1,2,3 and Thy-1 antigens. (southernbiotech.com)

Le protocole utilisé dans le traitement du myélome multiple a été le VMCD-REV à 76,92% avec pour réponse thérapeutique complète chez 6 patients, 3 réponses partielles et 4 en cours de traitement. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy22

Organisms13

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs155

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

IL-12 gene as a DNA vaccine adjuvant in a herpes mouse model: IL-12 enhances Th1-type CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity against herpes simplex virus-2 challenge. (1/1290)

Resistance of CD7-deficient mice to lipopolysaccharide-induced shock syndromes. (2/1290)

Cutting edge: LFA-1 is required for liver NK1.1+TCR alpha beta+ cell development: evidence that liver NK1.1+TCR alpha beta+ cells originate from multiple pathways. (3/1290)

Oligosaccharide analysis and molecular modeling of soluble forms of glycoproteins belonging to the Ly-6, scavenger receptor, and immunoglobulin superfamilies expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (4/1290)

Structural and phylogenetic characterization of human SLURP-1, the first secreted mammalian member of the Ly-6/uPAR protein superfamily. (5/1290)

Splenic NK1.1-negative, TCR alpha beta intermediate CD4+ T cells exist in naive NK1.1 allelic positive and negative mice, with the capacity to rapidly secrete large amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma upon primary TCR stimulation. (6/1290)

Unopposed production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by tumors inhibits CD8+ T cell responses by dysregulating antigen-presenting cell maturation. (7/1290)

Mouse NKR-P1B, a novel NK1.1 antigen with inhibitory function. (8/1290)

Antigens

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, Surface

Antigens, Viral

Antigens, Ly

Antigens, Protozoan

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

HLA Antigens

Antigens, Fungal

H-2 Antigens

Antigens, CD

Antigens, Helminth

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

HLA-DR Antigens

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Histocompatibility Antigens

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Epitopes

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Prostate-Specific Antigen

O Antigens

Antigens, CD15

T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate

HLA-A2 Antigen

Antigens, CD8

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antigens, CD3

Immunoglobulin G

Blood Group Antigens

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Cross Reactions

Mice, Inbred BALB C

HLA-A Antigens

Lymphocyte Activation

Histocompatibility Antigens Class I

Molecular Sequence Data

Antibody Specificity

HLA-D Antigens

Antigens, CD45

Receptors, Antigen

Hepatitis B Antigens

Antigens, CD4

Antigen-Antibody Reactions

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Antigens, CD1

Immune Sera

Antibody Formation

Cell Line

Antibodies, Bacterial

Antigens, Differentiation

HLA-B Antigens

Amino Acid Sequence

Immunization

B-Lymphocytes

Mice, Inbred C57BL

MART-1 Antigen

HIV Antigens

Antigens, CD80

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens

NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A

Antigens, CD19

Cells, Cultured

Antigens, Heterophile

Hepatitis B Core Antigens

Spleen

Antibodies

Antigens, CD40

Autoantigens

Immunodiffusion

Flow Cytometry

Antigens, Thy-1

Chromones

Immunoglobulin M

Forssman Antigen