Antigens human platelet. Medical search

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

The process whereby PLATELETS adhere to something other than platelets, e.g., COLLAGEN; BASEMENT MEMBRANE; MICROFIBRILS; or other "foreign" surfaces.

The number of PLATELETS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

Surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Many of these are receptors.

An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.

Human alloantigens expressed only on platelets, specifically on platelet membrane glycoproteins. These platelet-specific antigens are immunogenic and can result in pathological reactions to transfusion therapy.

A CXC chemokine that is found in the alpha granules of PLATELETS. The protein has a molecular size of 7800 kDa and can occur as a monomer, a dimer or a tetramer depending upon its concentration in solution. Platelet factor 4 has a high affinity for HEPARIN and is often found complexed with GLYCOPROTEINS such as PROTEIN C.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

A series of progressive, overlapping events, triggered by exposure of the PLATELETS to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.

Platelet membrane glycoprotein complex important for platelet adhesion and aggregation. It is an integrin complex containing INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB and INTEGRIN BETA3 which recognizes the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence present on several adhesive proteins. As such, it is a receptor for FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; FIBRONECTIN; VITRONECTIN; and THROMBOSPONDINS. A deficiency of GPIIb-IIIa results in GLANZMANN THROMBASTHENIA.

The transfer of blood platelets from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.

A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.

Platelet membrane glycoprotein complex essential for normal platelet adhesion and clot formation at sites of vascular injury. It is composed of three polypeptides, GPIb alpha, GPIb beta, and GPIX. Glycoprotein Ib functions as a receptor for von Willebrand factor and for thrombin. Congenital deficiency of the GPIb-IX complex results in Bernard-Soulier syndrome. The platelet glycoprotein GPV associates with GPIb-IX and is also absent in Bernard-Soulier syndrome.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Laboratory examination used to monitor and evaluate platelet function in a patient's blood.

An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).

Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.

Synthetic compounds that are analogs of the naturally occurring prostaglandin endoperoxides and that mimic their pharmacologic and physiologic activities. They are usually more stable than the naturally occurring compounds.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Very large BONE MARROW CELLS which release mature BLOOD PLATELETS.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to activated platelets and endothelial cells.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Cell surface proteins that bind THROMBOXANES with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Some thromboxane receptors act via the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

A subclass of purinergic P2Y receptors that have a preference for ADP binding and are coupled to GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT, GI. The P2Y12 purinergic receptors are found in PLATELETS where they play an important role regulating PLATELET ACTIVATION.

A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.

A high-molecular-weight plasma protein, produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, that is part of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor complex. The von Willebrand factor has receptors for collagen, platelets, and ristocetin activity as well as the immunologically distinct antigenic determinants. It functions in adhesion of platelets to collagen and hemostatic plug formation. The prolonged bleeding time in VON WILLEBRAND DISEASES is due to the deficiency of this factor.

Duration of blood flow after skin puncture. This test is used as a measure of capillary and platelet function.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)

A group of physiologically active prostaglandin endoperoxides. They are precursors in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The most frequently encountered member of this group is the prostaglandin H2.

A family of proteinase-activated receptors that are specific for THROMBIN. They are found primarily on PLATELETS and on ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. Activation of thrombin receptors occurs through the proteolytic action of THROMBIN, which cleaves the N-terminal peptide from the receptor to reveal a new N-terminal peptide that is a cryptic ligand for the receptor. The receptors signal through HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS. Small synthetic peptides that contain the unmasked N-terminal peptide sequence can also activate the receptor in the absence of proteolytic activity.

Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cyclooxygenase.

Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb is an integrin alpha subunit that heterodimerizes with INTEGRIN BETA3 to form PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX. It is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain which is then postranslationally cleaved and processed into two disulfide-linked subunits of approximately 18 and 110 kDa in size.

The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

A potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow.

A phospholipid from the platelet membrane that contributes to the blood clotting cascade by forming a phospholipid-protein complex (THROMBOPLASTIN) which serves as a cofactor with FACTOR VIIA to activate FACTOR X in the extrinsic pathway of BLOOD COAGULATION.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, that are involved in the blood coagulation process.

A congenital bleeding disorder with prolonged bleeding time, absence of aggregation of platelets in response to most agents, especially ADP, and impaired or absent clot retraction. Platelet membranes are deficient in or have a defect in the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX).

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

The process of the interaction of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS that results in an insoluble FIBRIN clot.

An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A prostaglandin that is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet aggregation. It is biosynthesized enzymatically from PROSTAGLANDIN ENDOPEROXIDES in human vascular tissue. The sodium salt has been also used to treat primary pulmonary hypertension (HYPERTENSION, PULMONARY).

The process which spontaneously arrests the flow of BLOOD from vessels carrying blood under pressure. It is accomplished by contraction of the vessels, adhesion and aggregation of formed blood elements (eg. ERYTHROCYTE AGGREGATION), and the process of BLOOD COAGULATION.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.

A subclass of eicosanoid receptors that have specificity for THROMBOXANE A2 and PROSTAGLANDIN H2.

Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Cell surface receptors that bind prostaglandins with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Prostaglandin receptor subtypes have been tentatively named according to their relative affinities for the endogenous prostaglandins. They include those which prefer prostaglandin D2 (DP receptors), prostaglandin E2 (EP1, EP2, and EP3 receptors), prostaglandin F2-alpha (FP receptors), and prostacyclin (IP receptors).

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

The process of generating thrombocytes (BLOOD PLATELETS) from the pluripotent HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS in the BONE MARROW via the MEGAKARYOCYTES. The humoral factor with thrombopoiesis-stimulating activity is designated THROMBOPOIETIN.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

A family of related, adhesive glycoproteins which are synthesized, secreted, and incorporated into the extracellular matrix of a variety of cells, including alpha granules of platelets following thrombin activation and endothelial cells. They interact with a number of BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS and anticoagulant factors. Five distinct forms have been identified, thrombospondin 1, -2, -3, -4, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). They are involved in cell adhesion, platelet aggregation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE growth, and tissue repair.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 12-hydroperoxyarachidonate (12-HPETE) which is itself rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoate (12-HETE). The 12-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in PLATELETS.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Disorder characterized by a decrease or lack of platelet dense bodies in which the releasable pool of adenine nucleotides and 5HT are normally stored.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).

A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.

A thrombin receptor subtype that couples to HETEROTRIMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS resulting in the activation of a variety of signaling mechanisms including decreased intracellular CYCLIC AMP, increased TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES and increased PHOSPHOLIPASE A2.

Fatty acid derivatives of glycerophosphates. They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups.

An enzyme found predominantly in platelet microsomes. It catalyzes the conversion of PGG(2) and PGH(2) (prostaglandin endoperoxides) to thromboxane A2. EC 5.3.99.5.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Collagen receptors are cell surface receptors that modulate signal transduction between cells and the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. They are found in many cell types and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of cell shape and behavior, including PLATELET ACTIVATION and aggregation, through many different signaling pathways and differences in their affinities for collagen isoforms. Collagen receptors include discoidin domain receptors, INTEGRINS, and glycoprotein VI.

A subclass of purinergic P2Y receptors that have a preference for ATP and ADP. The activated P2Y1 receptor signals through the G-PROTEIN-coupled activation of PHOSPHOLIPASE C and mobilization of intracellular CALCIUM.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

An integrin alpha subunit that primarily combines with INTEGRIN BETA1 to form the INTEGRIN ALPHA2BETA1 heterodimer. It contains a domain which has homology to collagen-binding domains found in von Willebrand factor.

A preparation consisting of PLATELETS concentrated in a limited volume of PLASMA. This is used in various surgical tissue regeneration procedures where the GROWTH FACTORS in the platelets enhance wound healing and regeneration.

A humoral factor that stimulates the production of thrombocytes (BLOOD PLATELETS). Thrombopoietin stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow MEGAKARYOCYTES and their release of blood platelets. The process is called THROMBOPOIESIS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

The process by which blood or its components are kept viable outside of the organism from which they are derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They show pressor activity, are mediators of inflammation, and have potential antithrombotic effects.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.82, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

Precursors in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. They are physiologically active compounds, having effect on vascular and airway smooth muscles, platelet aggregation, etc.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Single-chain polypeptides of about 65 amino acids (7 kDa) from LEECHES that have a neutral hydrophobic N terminus, an acidic hydrophilic C terminus, and a compact, hydrophobic core region. Recombinant hirudins lack tyr-63 sulfation and are referred to as 'desulfato-hirudins'. They form a stable non-covalent complex with ALPHA-THROMBIN, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave FIBRINOGEN.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.

A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.

Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is PHYTIC ACID.

A familial coagulation disorder characterized by a prolonged bleeding time, unusually large platelets, and impaired prothrombin consumption.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Phospholipases that hydrolyze the acyl group attached to the 2-position of PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

(11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-Dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oic acid (PGE(1)); (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (PGE(2)); and (5Z,11 alpha,13E,15S,17Z)-11,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprosta-5,13,17-trien-1-oic acid (PGE(3)). Three of the six naturally occurring prostaglandins. They are considered primary in that no one is derived from another in living organisms. Originally isolated from sheep seminal fluid and vesicles, they are found in many organs and tissues and play a major role in mediating various physiological activities.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).

The number of LEUKOCYTES and ERYTHROCYTES per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD. A complete blood count (CBC) also includes measurement of the HEMOGLOBIN; HEMATOCRIT; and ERYTHROCYTE INDICES.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Nucleotides in which the base moiety is substituted with one or more sulfur atoms.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmunity: a tale of shadows and suspects. (1/157)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The key pathogenic feature of TTP is the formation of platelet aggregates within the microcirculation; however, the etiology of such aggregates has been elusive for years. A large amount of evidence points to an abnormal interaction between damaged vascular endothelium and platelets, although the cause of the primary microvascular endothelial cell injury is seldom clear. The autoimmune hypothesis often recurs, and this is based on a number of observations: the claimed superiority of plasma-exchange over plasma infusion, the anecdotal report of the presence of immunocomplexes and autoantibodies in TTP patients, the efficacy of the administration of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant agents, and the concomitant occurrence of TTP in association with autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review will focus on the complex relationships between TTP and humoral autoimmunity; in particular, similarities and differences between TTP, SLE and antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies syndrome, as well as the putative role of several other antibodies directed towards endothelial cells and/or platelets, including the recently discovered anti-CD36 antibodies and antivWF-cleaving metalloprotease, will be discussed. DESIGN AND METHODS: The authors have been involved in the study and treatment of TTP and autoimmune diseases for years; furthermore, the PubMed data base of the National Library of Congress has been extensively searched using the Internet. CONCLUSIONS: Although over the years evidence has increased in favor of the autoimmune hypothesis for TTP etiopathogenesis, TTP should not yet be considered an autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies should be regarded as only one of the many different insults which can trigger microvascular thrombosis even though the autoimmune theory of the pathogenesis of TTP is gaining more and more strength. As far as concerns the relationship between TTP, SLE and aPL antibodies-related disorders, these diseases should be distinguished on the basis of both different clinical presentations and accurate antibody screening, although this approach should definitely not delay the prompt start of treatment. (+info)

Increased platelet aggregability associated with platelet GPIIIa PlA2 polymorphism: the Framingham Offspring Study. (2/157)

The platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) plays a pivotal role in platelet aggregation. Recent data suggest that the PlA2 polymorphism of GPIIIa may be associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, it is unknown if there is any association between this polymorphism and platelet reactivity. We determined GP IIIa genotype and platelet reactivity phenotype data in 1422 subjects from the Framingham Offspring Study. Genotyping was performed using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Platelet aggregability was evaluated by the Born method. The threshold concentrations of epinephrine and ADP were determined. Allele frequencies of PlA1 and PlA2 were 0.84 and 0.16, respectively. The presence of 1 or 2 PlA2 alleles was associated with increased platelet aggregability as indicated by incrementally lower threshold concentrations for epinephrine and ADP. For epinephrine, the mean concentrations were 0.9 micromol/L (0.9 to 1.0) for homozygous PlA1, 0.7 mmol/L (0.7 to 0.9) for the heterozygous PlA1/PlA2, and 0.6 micromol/L (0.4 to 1.0) for homozygous PlA2 individuals, P=0.009. The increase in aggregability induced by epinephrine remained highly significant (P=0.007) after adjustment for covariates. For ADP-induced aggregation, the respective mean concentrations were 3.1 micromol/L (3.0 to 3.2), 3.0 micromol/L (2.9 to 3.2), and 2.8 micromol/L (2.4 to 3.3); P=0.19 after adjustment for covariates. Our findings indicate that molecular variants of the gene encoding GP IIIa play a role in platelet reactivity in vitro. Our observations are compatible with and provide an explanation for the reported association of the PlA2 allotype with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. (+info)

Construction of a human platelet alloantigen-1a epitope(s) within murine glycoprotein IIIa: identification of residues critical to the conformation of the antibody binding site(s). (3/157)

The human platelet alloantigen 1 system (HPA-1) is determined by a polymorphism at position 33 in the N-terminus of human glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa). This naturally occurring substitution creates a conformation in the HPA-1a allelic form that can be antigenic when presented to an individual expressing the HPA-1b form. Anti-HPA-1a antibodies generated by this immune response can lead to the destruction of platelets, as seen in the clinical disorders, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) and posttransfusion purpura (PTP). To understand better the structural requirements for recognition by these pathogenic antibodies, we investigated the N-terminal 66 amino acids from the HPA-1a form of human GPIIIa and the analogous amino acids from the nonimmunogenic murine homolog. Our objectives were to define further the boundaries of the HPA-1a epitope(s) in the N-terminus of human GPIIIa, to isolate the murine 5' nucleotide sequence and compare the deduced murine N-terminal sequence to that of human, and to mutate the murine sequence systematically to include an HPA-1a epitope(s). Murine amino acids that differed from human were changed by site-directed mutagenesis to the analogous residues in the HPA-1a form of human GPIIIa, starting and radiating from murine position 33 (site of human polymorphism). This systematic approach allowed us to pinpoint amino acids critical to a conformation recognized by anti-HPA-1a antibodies. Our results show that an HPA-1a epitope can be created within the N-terminus of murine GPIIIa and raise the possibility that murine models of HPA-1a sensitization can be developed. (+info)

Perinatal management of fetal hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility combined with fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to HPA-5b incompatibility. (4/157)

We report out experience in the perinatal management of a complex case of fetal hemolytic disease primarily due to Rhesus incompatibility combined with fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. The lowest fetal hemoglobin and platelet levels were 2.6 g/dl and 13,000/microliter, respectively. Intrauterine treatment consisted of six transfusions of packed red cells into the umbilical vein and one transfusion of platelets. The neonate required four transfusions of packed red cells to correct her hyporegenerative erythropoiesis. Postnatal management also included one platelet transfusion, intravenous immunoglobulins and erythropoietin. Although some degree of fetal thrombocytopenia may invariably be found in fetal red cell incompatibility, other rare causes need to be excluded. (+info)

Association of the platelet glycoprotein IIb HPA-3 polymorphism with survival after acute ischemic stroke. (5/157)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of polymorphisms of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor in the development of cardiovascular disease has been the subject of intensive research. The aim of this study was to determine the association of the HPA-3 polymorphism of platelet GPIIb with ischemic stroke and subsequent survival and to identify possible interactions of HPA-3 with classic risk factors. METHODS: HPA-3 genotype was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism in 515 patients with ischemic stroke and 423 healthy, age-matched control subjects. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution of patients and controls, nor was there any difference when patients were subclassified into small- and large-vessel disease. The genotype distribution of the 231 patients subsequently dying during 2.8 years of follow-up (aa=45.0%, ab=46.8%, bb=8.2%) was significantly different from that of those still alive (aa=37.0%, ab=48.2%, bb=14. 8%) (P=0.03). In a Cox regression model, the relative risks for poststroke mortality in patients of aa and ab genotype compared with those of bb genotype were 2.42 (95% CI, 1.24 to 4.71) and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.09 to 4.17), respectively, after we accounted for confounding factors. In addition, significant interactions of HPA-3 with the Pl(A) polymorphism of GPIIIa (P=0.002) and with fibrinogen (P=0.01) were identified in relation to mortality. CONCLUSIONS: HPA-3 is related to poststroke mortality, and the significant interaction of HPA-3 with Pl(A) and fibrinogen suggests that it may in some way influence the interaction of GPIIb/IIIa with fibrinogen, particularly in the presence of high fibrinogen. (+info)

A point mutation Thr(799)Met on the alpha(2) integrin leads to the formation of new human platelet alloantigen Sit(a) and affects collagen-induced aggregation. (6/157)

A new platelet-specific alloantigen, termed Sit(a), was identified in a severe case of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. The Sit(a) alloantigen is of low frequency (1/400) in the German population. Immunochemical studies demonstrated that the Sit(a) epitopes reside on platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ia. Nucleotide sequence analysis of GPIa cDNA derived from Sit(a)-positive platelets showed C(2531)-->T(2531) point mutation, resulting in Thr(799)Met dimorphism. Analysis of genomic DNA from 22 Sit(a)-negative normal individuals showed that the Thr(799) is encoded by ACG(2532) (90.9%) or ACA(2532) (9.1%). To establish a DNA typing technique, we elucidated the organization of the GPIa gene adjacent to the polymorphic bases. The introns (421 bp and 1.2 kb) encompass a 142-bp exon with the 2 polymorphic bases 2531 and 2532. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on DNA derived from 100 donors using the restriction enzyme Mae III showed that the Met(799) form of GPIa is restricted to Sit(a) (+) phenotype. Analysis of stable Chinese hamster ovary transfectants expressing allele-specific recombinant forms of GPIa showed that anti-Sit(a) exclusively reacted with the Glu(505)Met(799), but not with the Glu(505)Thr(799) and the Lys(505)Thr(799) isoforms. In contrast, anti-Br(a) (HPA-5b) only recognized the Lys(505)Thr(799) form, whereas anti-Br(b) (HPA-5a) reacted with both Glu(505)Thr(799) and Glu(505)Met(799) isoforms. These results demonstrated that the Met(799) is responsible for formation of the Sit(a) alloantigenic determinants, whereas amino acid 505 (Lys or Glu) specifically controls the expression of Br(a) and Br(b) epitopes, respectively. Platelet aggregation responses of Sit(a) (+) individuals were diminished in response to collagen, indicating that the Thr(799)Met mutation affects the function of the GPIa/IIa complex. (+info)

Threonine-145/methionine-145 variants of baculovirus produced recombinant ligand binding domain of GPIbalpha express HPA-2 epitopes and show equal binding of von Willebrand factor. (7/157)

Glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha is the functionally dominant subunit of the platelet GPIb-IX-V receptor complex, with the von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding site residing on the amino-terminus. A threonine for methionine-145 replacement of GPIbalpha is associated with the human platelet antigen (HPA)-2 system. To study the structural and functional consequences of this mutation, both forms of GPIbalpha were expressed as calmodulin fusion proteins in insect cells. Both recombinant proteins were recognized by their respective alloantibodies, independent of glycosylation or intactness of disulfide bonds, and gave similar results to platelet-derived GPIbalpha in antibody detection assays. Resonant mirror studies showed that vWF binding was not affected by the HPA-2 mutation; however, vWF binding was partially inhibited by IgG HPA-2 antibodies. Our data are compatible with an involvement of the leucine-rich repeat domain of GPIbalpha in vWF binding and indicate that recombinant GPIbalpha may be used to detect HPA-2 antibodies. (Blood. 2000;95:205-211) (+info)

Requirement of leucine-rich repeats of glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha for shear-dependent and static binding of von Willebrand factor to the platelet membrane GP Ib-IX-V complex. (8/157)

The platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex mediates adhesion to von Willebrand factor (vWf) in (patho)physiologic thrombus formation. The vWf-binding site on GP Ib-IX-V is within the N-terminal 282 residues of GP Ibalpha, which consist of an N-terminal flanking sequence (His-1-Ile-35), 7 leucine-rich repeats (Leu-36-Ala-200), a C-terminal flank (Phe-201-Gly-268), and a sulfated tyrosine sequence (Asp-269-Glu-282). We have used mammalian cell expression of canine-human chimeras of GP Ibalpha, corresponding to precise structural boundaries, to demonstrate the first specific requirement for individual leucine-rich repeats for binding of vWf either induced by a modulator, ristocetin, or under hydrodynamic flow. Implicit in this approach was that the GP Ibalpha chimeras retained a functional conformation, a supposition confirmed by analyzing restoration of function to reversed human-canine chimeras and demonstrating that all chimeras bound vWf activated by botrocetin, a modulator that is indiscriminate between species. Leucine-rich repeats 2, 3, and 4 of GP Ibalpha were identified as being critical for vWf adhesion to GP Ib-IX-V. (+info)

Tuszynski GP, Bevacqua SJ, Schmaier AH, Colman RW, Walsh PN (Jun 1982). "Factor XI antigen and activity in human platelets". ... In humans, Factor XI is encoded by the F11 gene. Factor XI (FXI) is produced by the liver and circulates as a homo-dimer in its ... Kato A, Asakai R, Davie EW, Aoki N (1989). "Factor XI gene (F11) is located on the distal end of the long arm of human ... Fujikawa K, Chung DW, Hendrickson LE, Davie EW (May 1986). "Amino acid sequence of human factor XI, a blood coagulation factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_XI

Collecting the platelets from a single donor also simplifies human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching, which improves the chance ... platelet increment at one hr x BSA (m2) / # platelets infused x 1011 Expected platelet increase (per μL) = platelets infused x ... Platelet count increase as well as platelet survival after transfusion is related to the dose of platelets infused and to the ... Not all platelet transfusions use platelets collected by automated apheresis. The platelets can also be separated from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateletpheresis

"Purification and partial characterization of CD9 antigen of human platelets". FEBS Letters. 264 (2): 270-4. doi:10.1016/0014- ... by use of human specific DNA probes". Human Genetics. 86 (3): 268-72. doi:10.1007/bf00202407. PMID 1997380. S2CID 27178985. ... Ninomiya H, Sims PJ (July 1992). "The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b" ... Benoit P, Gross MS, Frachet P, Frézal J, Uzan G, Boucheix C, Nguyen VC (January 1991). "Assignment of the human CD9 gene to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD9

"Entrez Gene: ITGB3 integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61)". May, K. E.; Villar, J.; Kirtley, S.; Kennedy, ... Integrin beta-3 (β3) or CD61 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB3 gene. CD61 is a cluster of differentiation ... CD61+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ITGB3 Info with links in the Cell ... Bennett JS (2001). "Platelet-fibrinogen interactions". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 936 (1): 340-54. Bibcode:2001NYASA.936..340B. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin_beta_3

Generated platelets demonstrated an 85% reduction in class I HLA antigens. These platelets appeared to have normal function in ... DC-like antigen-presenting cells obtained from human induced pluripotent stem cells can serve as a source for vaccination ... Thus, the ability to generate platelet products ex vivo and platelet products lacking HLA antigens in serum-free media would ... The fact that human iPSCs are capable of forming teratomas not only in humans but also in some animal body, in particular mice ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_stem_cells

"The structure and function of the molecules that carry human red blood cell and platelet antigens". Transfusion Medicine ... Approximately 25 of these membrane proteins carry the various blood group antigens, such as the A, B and Rh antigens, among ... there are about 4,000-11,000 white blood cells and about 150,000-400,000 platelets per microliter. Human red blood cells take ... lack of Kx antigen and greatly reduced expression of Kell antigens); RhD/RhCE - defines Rh Blood Group and the associated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell

Davoren A, Curtis BR, Aster RH, McFarland JG (August 2004). "Human platelet antigen-specific alloantibodies implicated in 1162 ... Platelet antigens are inherited from both mother and father. NAIT is caused by antibodies specific for platelet antigens ... NAIT, hence, is caused by transplacental passage of maternal platelet-specific alloantibody and rarely human leukocyte antigen ... "Alloimmunization to platelet antigen HPA-1a (PIA1) is strongly associated with both HLA-DRB3*0101 and HLA-DQB1*0201". Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_alloimmune_thrombocytopenia

Shiga Toxin Binds Human Platelets Via Globotriaoslyceramide (Pk antigen) and a Novel Platelet Glycosphingolipid. Infect Immun ... The GLOB antigen (formerly P) is now the member of the separate GLOB blood group system. The P1PK antigens are carbohydrate ... The P antigen (later renamed P1) was first described by Karl Landsteiner and Philip Levine in 1927. The P1PK blood group system ... Rare p phenotype (absence of P1PK antigens caused by null mutations in A4GALT): anti-P1 (-), anti-P (-), anti-PP1Pk (-), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P1PK_blood_group_system

... and activated platelets (Lin et al., 2002). In addition, the platelet-specific Gov antigen system (HPA15), implicated in ... CD109+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD109 genome location and CD109 gene ... CD109 (Cluster of Differentiation 109) is a human gene. CD109 is a GPI-linked cell surface antigen expressed by CD34+ acute ... Lewandrowski U, Moebius J, Walter U, Sickmann A (2006). "Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD109

Denomme GA (July 2004). "The structure and function of the molecules that carry human red blood cell and platelet antigens". ... Approximately 25 of these membrane proteins carry the various blood group antigens, such as the A, B and Rh antigens, among ... Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens *^ a b Pierigè F, Serafini S, Rossi L, Magnani M (January 2008). "Cell-based drug delivery ... "An estimation of the number of cells in the human body". Annals of Human Biology. 40 (6): 463-471. doi:10.3109/03014460.2013. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cells

Human CD Antigen Chart (eBioscience) Mouse CD Antigen Chart (eBioscience) Human PECAM1 genome location and PECAM1 gene details ... Almendro N, Bellón T, Rius C, Lastres P, Langa C, Corbí A, Bernabéu C (1997). "Cloning of the human platelet endothelial cell ... Kirschbaum NE, Gumina RJ, Newman PJ (1995). "Organization of the gene for human platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 ... "Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 is expressed by a subpopulation of human trophoblasts: a possible mechanism for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD31

"Entrez Gene: Duffy antigen".. *^ Cutbush M, Mollison PL, Parkin DM (4 February 1950). "A New Human Blood Group". Nature. 165 ( ... "Platelet factor 4 and Duffy antigen required for platelet killing of Plasmodium falciparum". Science. 338 (6112): 1348-51. ... "Fya/Fyb antigen polymorphism in human erythrocyte Duffy antigen affects susceptibility to Plasmodium vivax malaria". Proc Natl ... "Platelet factor 4 and Duffy antigen required for platelet killing of Plasmodium falciparum". Science. 338 (6112): 1348-51. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_ethnic_neutropenia

... and the antigen-presenting dendritic cells in both mice and humans. Binding of antigens to IgE already bound by the FcεRI on ... Fc receptors are also found on eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages and platelets in humans. There are two types of Fcε ... 2007). "Factors affecting human IgE and IgG responses to allergen-like Schistosoma mansoni antigens: Molecular structure and ... IgE also plays a pivotal role in responses to allergens, such as: anaphylactic reactions to drugs, bee stings, and antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E

... +protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD84 genome location and CD84 ... "Platelet aggregation induces platelet aggregate stability via SLAM family receptor signaling". Blood. 106 (9): 3028-34. doi: ... de la Fuente MA, Pizcueta P, Nadal M, Bosch J, Engel P (Sep 1997). "CD84 leukocyte antigen is a new member of the Ig ... Tangye SG, van de Weerdt BC, Avery DT, Hodgkin PD (Jun 2002). "CD84 is up-regulated on a major population of human memory B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD84

Antigen determinants that possess type-specific reactivity are found on the envelope. Antigen determinants that possess type- ... in the human and other mammalian species. The best known lentivirus is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes ... For example, a model of mouse hemophilia is corrected by expressing wild-type platelet-factor VIII, the gene that is mutated in ... Some groups have cross-reactive gag antigens (e.g., the ovine, caprine, and feline lentiviruses). Antibodies to gag antigens in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lentivirus

Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets Identified S305 phosphorylation by PKA/PKG in the unstructured region containing SH2 ... Upregulated in eosinophils post antigen exposure.[21] Cystic fibrosis Possible correlation with severity of the lung ... "Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets". Journal of Proteome Research. 7 (2): 526-34. doi:10.1021/pr0704130. PMID 18088087. ... "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASS4

... human platelet antigen). Recipients who lack this protein develop sensitization to this protein from prior transfusions or ... Antibodies to human Neutrophil Antigen's (HNA) and Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) have been associated with this type of ... Fast, LD; Dileone, G; Marschner, S (2011). "Inactivation of human white blood cells in platelet products after pathogen ... Although transfusions of platelets are far less numerous (relative to RBC), platelet storage lesion and resulting efficacy loss ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_transfusion

CD49b+antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the ... structure information available in the PDB for Human Integrin alpha 2 Moroi M, Jung SM (1997). "Platelet receptors for collagen ... ITGA2 Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway Human ITGA2 genome location and ITGA2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome ... Integrin alpha-2, or CD49b (cluster of differentiation 49b), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD49b gene. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin_alpha_2

... transplantation is appropriate but a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related HSC donor is not available. Betibeglogene ... The most serious side effect observed is thrombocytopenia (low blood levels of platelets). Betibeglogene autotemcel is ... "Autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells transduced with LentiGlobin BB305 lentiviral vector encoding the human BA-T87Q-globin ... 2010). "Transfusion independence and HMGA2 activation after gene therapy of human β-thalassaemia". Nature. 467 (7313): 318-22. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betibeglogene_autotemcel

If the recipient has antibodies against human leukocyte antigens (HLA), proteins found on the surface of white blood cells, the ... and reduce the efficacy of platelet transfusions and allogeneic stem cell transplants. In a 1934 experiment, Strumia gave ... Finally, people who receive granulocyte transfusions may develop antibodies against the human leukocyte antigens found on the ... and the development of antibodies against human leukocyte antigens, which can interfere with subsequent transfusions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte_transfusion

"Complex formation between protein C inhibitor and prostate-specific antigen in vitro and in human semen". European Journal of ... "Anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of platelet protease nexin-1". Blood. 115 (1): 97-106. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-04- ... The human Protein C inhibitor have 19 amino acid signal peptide. The study of genomic DNA by restriction mapping, polymerase ... Yasuda T, Nadano D, Iida R, Tanaka Y, Nakanaga M, Kishi K (May 1992). "Discovery of a genetic polymorphism of human plasma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_C_inhibitor

... a unit of pressure Human platelet antigen Human Protein Atlas Hydrogen pinch analysis Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in ... UK polo governing body HPA Toucan human-powered aircraft built by Hertfordshire Pedal Aeronauts Hans Peter Anvin (born 1972), ... physiology High-performance addressing, in LCD displays Host protected area of computer data storage Human-powered aircraft ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPA

... platelet and T cell activation antigen 1') or DNAM-1 (DNAX Accessory Molecule-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... CD226+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD226 genome location and ... Ye X, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Han X, Wang Y, Zhang M, Liu J, Geng W, Dai D, Shi W, Shang H (2006). "Expression of human CD226 on T ... CD226 is a ~65 kDa glycoprotein expressed on the surface of natural killer cells, platelets, monocytes and a subset of T cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD226

SUCNR1 is one of the highest expressed G protein-coupled receptors on human platelets, present at levels similar to P2Y12, ... Succinate may enhance adaptive immunity by triggering the activity of antigen-presenting cells that, in turn, activate T-cells ... In humans, three HIF prolyl 4-hydroxylases regulate the stability of HIFs. Hydroxylation of two prolyl residues in HIF1α ... This pathway is exploited in metabolic engineering to net generate succinate for human use. Additionally, succinic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_acid

Human Lymphocyte Antigens or HLAs), and the transfusion of platelets and later stem cells in the treatment of leukaemia. He ... He performed early work on the typing of red cells and their antigens, white blood cells ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Tovey

The human IL-3 gene encodes a protein 152 amino acids long, and the naturally occurring IL-3 is glycosylated. The human IL-3 ... It also has many more specific effects like the regeneration of platelets and potentially aids in early antibody isotype ... IL-3 is produced by T cells only after stimulation with antigens or other specific impulses. However, it was observed that IL-3 ... "Expression cloning of the human IL-3 receptor cDNA reveals a shared beta subunit for the human IL-3 and GM-CSF receptors". Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_3

Denomme GA (2004). "The structure and function of the molecules that carry human red blood cell and platelet antigens". ... Maton, Anthea (1993). Human Biology and Health. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.. Unknown ... Uzoigwe C (2006). "The human erythrocyte has developed the biconcave disc shape to optimise the flow properties of the blood in ... Goodman SR, Kurdia A, Ammann L, Kakhniashvili D, Daescu O (2007). "The human red blood cell proteome and interactome". ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಕೆಂಪು_ರಕ್ತ_ಕಣ

In humans, the HLAs corresponding to MHC class I are HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. Class I MHC molecules bind peptides generated ... Histocompatibility+Antigens+Class+I at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) MHC+Class+I+Genes at ... They also occur on platelets, but not on red blood cells. Their function is to display peptide fragments of proteins from ... It is likely that human MHC class Ib loci (HLA-E, -F, and -G) as well as MHC class I pseudogenes arose from MHC class Ia loci ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_class_I

"Entrez Gene: ITGA2B integrin, alpha 2b (platelet glycoprotein IIb of IIb/IIIa complex, antigen CD41)".. ... Integrin alpha-IIb is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA2B gene. ITGA2B, also known as CD41, encodes integrin ... platelet aggregation. • platelet degranulation. • cell adhesion. • integrin-mediated signaling pathway. • regulation of ... Bennett JS (2001). "Platelet-fibrinogen interactions". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 936: 340-54. Bibcode:2001NYASA.936..340B. doi: ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD41

Human-to-human transmission of EBOV through the air has not been reported to occur during EVD outbreaks,[3] and airborne ... Blood products such as packed red blood cells, platelets, or fresh frozen plasma may also be used.[135] Other regulators of ... "First Antigen Rapid Test for Ebola through Emergency Assessment and Eligible for Procurement". World Health Organization (WHO ... human consumption of bushmeat has been linked to animal-to-human transmission of diseases, including Ebola.[80] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

... for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching (see PGD for HLA matching) in order to donate to an ill sibling requiring HSCT. ... platelet and hemoglobin levels dip post-procedure, not returning to normal until after one month.[45] ... the donor should preferably have the same human leukocyte antigens (HLA) as the recipient. About 25 to 30 percent of allogeneic ... The first physician to perform a successful human bone marrow transplant on a disease other than cancer was Robert A. Good at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

"Detection of antigens in urine of mice and humans infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, etiologic agent of Lyme disease". Journal ... or who have abnormally low levels of white or red cells or platelets in the blood, should be investigated for possible ... Most Lyme human infections are caused by Ixodes nymph bites between April and September.[23][128] Ticks prefer moist, shaded ... OspA antigens, shed by live Borrelia bacteria into urine, are a promising technique being studied.[117] The use of nanotrap ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

Imported cases have not manifested in larger epidemics outside of Africa due to a lack of human to human transmission in ... However, immunofluorescence essays provide less definitive proof of Lassa infection.[7] An ELISA test for antigen and ... low platelets), and elevated aspartate transaminase levels in the blood. Lassa fever virus can also be found in cerebrospinal ... tends to colonize human settlements increasing the risk of rodent-human contact, and is found throughout the west, central and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

... human leukocyte antigens (HLA) - human papilloma virus (HPV) - human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) - human T cell ... platelets - PML - Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (formerly Pneumocystis carinii or PCP) - POL - polymerase - Polymerase chain ... human growth hormone (HGH) - human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) - human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) - ... antigen - antigen presentation - antigen-presenting cell (APC) - antineoplastic - antiprotozoal - antiretroviral drugs - ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

These cells bind antigens presented on MHC I complex of virus-infected or tumour cells and kill them. Nearly all nucleated ... Maton D, Hopkins J, McLaughlin CW, Johnson S, Warner MQ, LaHart D, Wright JD, Kulkarni DV (1997). Human Biology and Health. ... In addition to the irregularly shaped leukocytes, both red blood cells and many small disc-shaped platelets are visible. ... Basophils are chiefly responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing the chemical histamine causing the dilation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

A low platelet count and positivity for antibodies against β2-glycoprotein 1 or phosphatidylserine may also be observed in a ... "Human Reproduction Update. 21 (1): 97-118. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu049. PMID 25228006.. ... that use recombinant antigens will not have a false-positive result. ... Often, this disease is treated by giving aspirin to inhibit platelet activation, and/or warfarin as an anticoagulant. The goal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiphospholipid_syndrome

rid the body of neutralized antigen-antibody complexes.. Elements of the complement cascade can be found in many non-mammalian ... A scanning electron microscope image of normal circulating human blood. One can see red blood cells, several knobby white blood ... cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small disc-shaped platelets. ... Activates the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation. ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

মানব কঙ্কাল (Human skeleton). *অস্থি (Bone). *তরুণাস্থি (Cartilege). *অস্থিসন্ধি (Joint) *তন্তুময় অস্থিসন্ধি (Fibrous joint) ... প্রতিজন বা প্রত্যুৎপাদক (Antigen). *শ্লেষ্মা ঝিল্লি (Mucus membrane). *শ্লেষ্মা (Mucus). *কেরাটিন বা শৃঙ্গপদার্থ (Keratin) ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/নিতম্বাস্থি

Primarna funkcija IL-8 citokina je da regrutuje neutrofile da fagocitoziraju antigen koji je pobudio antigenski obrazac toll- ... resides in a gene cluster along with several other members of the platelet factor 4 gene superfamily". Hum. Genet. 84 (2): 185- ... "Endothelial cell "memory" of inflammatory stimulation: human venular endothelial cells store interleukin 8 in Weibel-Palade ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_8

Normal body cells are not recognized and attacked by NK cells because they express intact self MHC antigens. Those MHC antigens ... For example, beta-lysine, a protein produced by platelets during coagulation, can cause lysis of many Gram-positive bacteria by ... A scanning electron microscope image of normal circulating human blood. One can see red blood cells, several knobby white blood ... Dendritic cells are very important in the process of antigen presentation, and serve as a link between the innate and adaptive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

Between midgestation and term birth in human cerebral white matter, three successive stages of the classic human ... and the platelet-derived growth factor-alpha receptor subunit (PDGF-alphaR).[9] Mature oligodendrocytes are broadly classified ... which can be identified by their expression of a number of antigens, including the ganglioside GD3,[8] the NG2 chondroitin ... Kinney, HC; Back, SA (September 1998). "Human oligodendroglial development: relationship to periventricular leukomalacia". ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte

regulation of T cell antigen processing and presentation. • immune response. • epidermis development. • actin polymerization or ... and small-sized platelets) in these patients the protein is usually significantly reduced or absent. Other, less inactivating ... "Human PubMed Reference:".. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw- ... of WASP depend on its activity as a scaffold protein for assembly of effective signalling complexes downstream of antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiskott-Aldrich_syndrome_protein

... of a human gene homologous to the PrP gene on the p arm of chromosome 20 and detection of PrP-related antigens in normal human ... platelets, and monocytes. T cell activation is accompanied by a strong up-regulation of PrP, though it is not requisite. The ... thought to be due to human ingestion of diseased individuals, and vCJD, thought to be due to human ingestion of BSE-tainted ... "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.. .mw-parser-output ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRNP

... and the antigen-presenting dendritic cells in both mice and humans. Binding of antigens to IgE already bound by the FcεRI on ... Fc receptors are also found on eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages and platelets in humans. There are two types of Fcε ... "Factors affecting human IgE and IgG responses to allergen-like Schistosoma mansoni antigens: Molecular structure and patterns ... IgE also plays a pivotal role in responses to allergens, such as: anaphylactic drugs, bee stings, and antigen preparations used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_E_antibodies

The P-selectin then promotes platelet aggregation through platelet-fibrin and platelet-platelet binding. ... In human, P-selectin has nine repeats while E-selectin contains six and L-selectin has only two. P-selectin is anchored in ... Macrophage-1 antigen (CD11b+CD18). *VLA-4 (CD49d+CD29). *Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (ITGA2B+ITGB3) ... platelet alpha granule membrane. • platelet dense granule membrane. • external side of plasma membrane. • extracellular space. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-selectin

... human studies have found that degalactosylation of IgA1 occurs in patients with IgA nephropathy in response only to gut antigen ... Cyclophosphamide ( traded as endoxan & cytoxan )and Isotretinoin have commonly been used, often with anti-platelet/ ... Exogenous antigens for IgA have not been identified in the kidney, but it is possible that this antigen has been cleared before ... Associations described include those with C4 null allele, factor B Bf alleles, MHC antigens and IgA isotypes. ACE gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgA_nephropathy

Granule contents of basophils are abundant with histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, peroxidase, platelet-activating factor ... The intracellular granules of the human neutrophil have long been recognized for their protein-destroying and bactericidal ... they are professional antigen-presenting cells, they regulate other immune cell functions (e.g., CD4+ T cell, dendritic cell, B ... One litre of human blood contains about five billion (5x109) neutrophils,[5] which are about 12-15 micrometers in diameter.[6] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocytopenia

Human Antibodies Against Cell Surface Tumor Antigens Selected From Repertoires Displayed on T Cell Chimeric Antigen Receptors" ... "Comparison of different platelet count thresholds to guide administration of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing ... TdT is a protein expressed early in the development of pre-T and pre-B cells, whereas CALLA is an antigen found in 80% of ALL ... Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been developed as a promising immunotherapy for ALL. This technology uses a single chain ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia

Diagram of an adult human testicle: A.) Blood vessels; B.) Head of epididymis; C.) Efferent ductules; D.) Seminiferous tubules ... প্রতিজন বা প্রত্যুৎপাদক (Antigen). *শ্লৈষ্মিক ঝিল্লি (Mucus membrane). *শ্লেষ্মা (Mucus). *কেরাটিন বা শৃঙ্গপদার্থ (Keratin) ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/শুক্রাশয়

Increased CCL11 levels in blood plasma are associated with aging (and reduced neurogenesis) in mice and humans.[10] ... Platelet factor-4 superfamily or intercrines. Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an ... such as directing lymphocytes to the lymph nodes so they can screen for invasion of pathogens by interacting with antigen- ... Using these ligands is possible routing antigen-presenting cells (APC) to lymph nodes during the adaptive immune response. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokines

"A strong association between human earwax-type and apocrine colostrum secretion from the mammary gland". Human Genetics. 121 (5 ... Antibodies towards the specific pathogens or antigens that were used in the immunization are present in higher levels than in ... platelet-derived growth factor,[31] vascular endothelial growth factor,[32] and colony-stimulating factor-1.[33] ... Notably in humans a lack of colostrum production is linked to a mutation in the ABCC11 gene that occurs in most people of East ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostrum

Four orthopoxviruses cause infection in humans: variola, vaccinia, cowpox, and monkeypox. Variola virus infects only humans in ... Patients in the early stage of disease showed a decrease in coagulation factors (e.g. platelets, prothrombin, and globulin) and ... which measured Variola virus-specific immunoglobulin and antigen were also developed to assist in the diagnosis of infection.[ ... Hays, J.N. (2005). Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 151-52. ISBN 978-1-85109-658-9. .. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smallpox

Extremely low platelet counts may be temporarily boosted through platelet transfusions and new drugs to increase platelet ... The antibody will be targeted at a preferentially expressed protein in the tumour cells (known as a tumor antigen) or on cells ... Morgan S, Anderson RA, Gourley C, Wallace WH, Spears N (2012). "How do chemotherapeutic agents damage the ovary?". Human ... Medications that kill rapidly dividing cells or blood cells can reduce the number of platelets in the blood, which can result ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

However, platelet transfusion is suggested for platelet counts below (10 × 109/L) without any risk of bleeding, or (20 × 109/L ... Upon detection of microbial antigens, the host systemic immune system is activated. Immune cells not only recognise pathogen- ... the authors noted that as of the date of their article over 150 clinical trials of sepsis had been conducted in humans, almost ... platelet count , 80,000/mm3 or 50% drop from maximum in chronically thrombocytopenic, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis

Typically, the platelet count falls to 80% of normal, and thrombocytopenia may be associated with neutropenia and anemia.[29] ... 2005). "Anti-ulcer drugs promote IgE formation toward dietary antigens in adult patients". FASEB J. 19 (6): 656-658. doi: ... US: B (No risk in non-human studies) *. Routes of. administration. By mouth, IV. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranitidine

... mobilized human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells following a reduced-intensity ... The median recovery times of neutrophils and platelets were 11 days and 14.5 days, respectively, in the G-PBSC group and 16 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtransplantation

A scanning electron microscope image of normal circulating human blood showing red blood cells, several types of white blood ... cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil and many small disc-shaped platelets. ... Human leukocyte antigen. *Innate lymphoid cell. *Lymphoproliferative disorders. *Reactive lymphocyte. *Secretion assay ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/ലിംഫോസൈറ്റ്

Human platelet antigens (HPA) are polymorphisms in platelet antigens. These can stimulate production of alloantibodies (that is ... http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/hpa/ Human+Platelet+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v ... "Nomenclature of human platelet antigens". Vox Sang. 85 (3): 240-5. doi:10.1046/j.1423-0410.2003.00331.x. PMID 14516468. ... antibodies against other peoples antigens) in recipients of transfused platelets from donors with different HPAs. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_platelet_antigen

... ... Shun-Chung Pai, Thierry Burnouf, Jen-Wei Chen, and Liang-In Lin, "Human Platelet Antigen Alleles in 998 Taiwanese Blood Donors ... 4Human Protein Process Sciences (HPPS), 59000 Lille, France. 5Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2013/973789/cta/

Human Platelet" by people in Profiles.. * Eyada TK, Amin DG, Samih I, Khedr SM. Human platelet antigen 1, 2 and 5 gene ... Human Platelet" by people in this website by year, and whether "Antigens, Human Platelet" was a major or minor topic of these ... Human alloantigens expressed only on platelets, specifically on platelet membrane glycoproteins. These platelet-specific ... "Antigens, Human Platelet" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/125054

2005) Quantification of human platelet antigen-1a antibodies with the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens ... GPIIb-IIIa integrin harbors the human platelet antigens HPA-1a/b, the most clinically important platelet antigens. These ... Therefore, since the Camtran human monoclonal antibody was raised against the human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a) found on GPIIb ... Establishment of a cell line panel as an alternative source of platelet antigens for a screening assay of anti-human platelet ...

http://www.haematologica.org/content/97/5/696

Analysis of gene polymorphism of human platelet antigen 1-17 system in platelet donors of Kunming[J];Medicine and Pharmacy of ... The analysis of the polymorphism of human platelet antigen genes in Han population,Guizhou,China. ... Polymorphism of the Human Platelet Antigens 1-6 in Shenzhen Han Population of Chinese[J];Journal of Medern Laboratory Medicine; ... Polymorphism of human platelet antigens 1 to 16 in Zhejiang Han population[J];Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion;2007-06. ...

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-BLOO201406014.htm

... or control recall antigens in the presence of autologous sera and T cell proliferation was measured by (3)H-thymidine ... had no activity towards any peptide despite responding to control antigens. Administration of IVIG during pregnancy appeared to ... The human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a) is the most common alloantigenic target in fetal and neonatal alloimmune ... Antigens, Human Platelet, Cell Division, Epitopes, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Isoantibodies, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, ...

https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/102572

Human Platelet" by people in this website by year, and whether "Antigens, Human Platelet" was a major or minor topic of these ... Human alloantigens expressed only on platelets, specifically on platelet membrane glycoproteins. These platelet-specific ... "Antigens, Human Platelet" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Antigens, Human Platelet" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.wakehealth.edu/display/100780

Human platelet antigen (HPA) 1-5 and 15 typing in an Egyptian population using sequence specific primer PCR and TaqMan ...

https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/864

Bray, PF, Jin, Y, Kickler, TS, Blakemore, K & Kwon, OH 1995, Gene frequencies of the five major human platelet antigens in ... Gene frequencies of the five major human platelet antigens in African American, white, and Korean populations. / Bray, P. F.; ... Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Gene frequencies of the five major human platelet antigens in African American, ... Gene frequencies of the five major human platelet antigens in African American, white, and Korean populations. Transfusion. ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/gene-frequencies-of-the-five-major-human-platelet-antigens-in-afr-4

Human platelet antigen (HPA) typing plays a critical role in the diagnosis of fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, and ... Genotyping of Human Platelet Antigens by BeadChip Microarray Technology.. Bertrand G1, Conti F. ... the prevention of posttransfusion purpura and refractoriness to platelet transfusions. The recent development of high- ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=109056

Megakaryocytes synthesize HMGB1 and transfer both protein and mRNA into platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles. ... Megakaryocytes synthesize HMGB1 and transfer both protein and mRNA into platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles. ... Platelets are the major source of HMGB1, a protein that is involved in sterile inflammation of blood vessels and thrombosis. ... Platelets are the major source of HMGB1, a protein that is involved in sterile inflammation of blood vessels and thrombosis. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01946/full

Human platelet antigens are derived from polymorphisms of these glycoproteins. The aim of this study was to investigate human ... Rozman P. Platelet antigens. The role of human platelet alloantigens (HPA) in blood transfusion and transplantation. Transpl ... Molecular typing of human platelet antigens in immune thrombocytopenia patients in northern Brazil Julia Cavalcante do Carmo 1 ... Human platelet antigens and primary immune thrombocytopenia. Castro V. Castro V. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2017 Apr-Jun;39(2): ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=150985

Adult , Humans , Male , Antigens, Human Platelet/genetics , HIV Infections/genetics , HIV-1 , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis ... The absence of the human platelet antigen polymorphism effect on fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus-1/ ... Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: HIV Infections / HIV-1 / Antigens, Human Platelet / Hepacivirus / ... Human platelet antigen polymorphisms are associated with the rapid development of fibrosis in HCV-monoinfected patients. This ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/lil-755969

Physiological concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) are able to ... the capacity of T cells to proliferate in response to antigen within that medium is dramatically reduced. ... Effects of platelet-derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor on antigen-induced proliferation of human T-cell lines.. ... "Effects of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Epidermal Growth Factor on Antigen-Induced Proliferation of Human T-Cell Lines." ...

https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dae34369-3a89-4932-81c4-2e72035a7f07

Platelet count , 20,000/mm3. *No HLA-identical family member or closely matched (8 of 8 HLA-locus match) unrelated marrow donor ... Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients With Aplastic Anemia. This ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01105273

HLA matched platelets. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matched platelets may be required in patients who are at risk of ... Human leucocyte antigens. Human leucocyte antigens. Submitted by admin on Mon, 2010-04-12 14:31 Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) ... Although their main role is to present antigens to T cells, HLA antigens can also be recognised as foreign by the host T cells ... Platelet refractoriness is the failure to achieve satisfactory responses to platelet transfusions from random donors. ...

https://transfusion.com.au/blood_basics/antigens/leucocyte

Platelet count ,=75 * 10^9/L (without prior platelet transfusion within 7 days before the laboratory test) in subjects in whom ... Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ,=1 * 10^9 per liter (L) (without recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G- ... JNJ-68284528 is an autologous chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy that targets B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a ... A Phase 3 Randomized Study Comparing JNJ-68284528, a Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell (CAR-T) Therapy Directed Against BCMA, ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04181827

Antigens, Human Platelet. *Aspirin. *Bernard-Soulier Syndrome. *beta-Thromboglobulin. *Blood Coagulation Disorders ... including platelet aggregation, the integrin-mediated interaction of one platelet with another to form a platelet hemostatic ... which is present in high concentrations in platelets and plays a role in the activation in platelets, ... Kindlin supports platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation by interacting with paxillin.. (Gao J, Huang M, Lai J, Mao K, Sun P, Cao Z ...

https://www.mcw.edu/departments/pharmacology-and-toxicology/people/gilbert-white-md

... platelet transfusion purpura (PTP), and refractoriness to platelet transfusion.The frequency of platelet antigens varies among ... The estimated mismatch probability regarding platelet antigens HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 in Moroccan blood donors, after random ... and estimate the mismatch probability of different platelet alloantigens, after random transfusions of platelet concentrates. ... The frequencies of these antigens, their risk of alloimmunization, and their clinical implications and complications within ...

http://www.ijbti.com/archive/2018-articles/2018100038Z02ZO-ouabdelmoumene/100038Z02ZO-full-text-pf.php

Knowing the human platelet antigens (HPA) and genes frequency in different populations is important not only for population ... ackground: Knowing the human platelet antigens (HPA) and genes frequency in different populations is important not only for ... Frequency of Human Platelet Antigens (HPA-2/3/5) Polymorphism in Iranians Evaluated by RFLP-PCR ... Keywords: Blood donor, Human platelet antigens (HPA), Polymerase chain reaction, Restricted fragment length polymorphism ...

http://ijbc.ir/article-1-288-en.html

Humans , Male , Female , Blood Platelets , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic , Antigens, Human Platelet , Molecular Typing ... Human platelet antigens are derived from polymorphisms of these glycoproteins. The aim of this study was to investigate human ... Antigens, Human Platelet / Molecular Typing / Genotyping Techniques Clinical aspect: Diagnosis Limits: Female / Humans / Male ... Human platelet antigen typing was performed by BeadChip technology to determine allelic variants of 11 systems (HPA-1 to HPA-9 ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/biblio-898916

Methods: One hundred and ninety-nine apheresis platelet donors, including Europeans (n = 154) and North Africans (n = 29), were ... of post-transfusion purpura or platelet transfusion refractoriness secondary to antibodies to HPAs for recipients of platelet ... As a consequence of global migration flows the risk of HPA alloimmunization may be increased for recipients of platelets from ... Human platelet antigen genotypes in Turkish and Caucasian blood donors in Germany. Tissue Antigens 2012 Sep;80(3):214-8. [ ...

http://www.ijbti.com/archive/2018-archive/2018-articles-archive/100036IJBTIDL2018-londero/100036IJBTIDL2018-londero-full-text-pf.php

CD40 Antigens / physiology* * CD40 Ligand * Cells, Cultured * Endothelium, Vascular / cytology * Endothelium, Vascular / ... Activated platelets induce tissue factor expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells by ligation of CD40 Thromb ... Since platelets are among the first cells involved in haemostasis following tissue injury, our data showing that ligation of ... We have recently demonstrated that platelets express the ligand of CD40 (CD154) within seconds of exposure to agonist, and ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9869175/

Human platelet antigen (PLA-1). Complete list of genetic diseases that can be tested at the Genesis Genetic Institute. ...

https://www.ohsu.edu/womens-health/pre-implantation-genetic-diagnosis

... we analyzed receptor adhesive properties using Chinese hamster ovary and human kidney embryonal 293 cells overexpressing the Pl ... Antigens, Human Platelet / chemistry * Antigens, Human Platelet / genetics* * Antigens, Human Platelet / metabolism ... we analyzed receptor adhesive properties using Chinese hamster ovary and human kidney embryonal 293 cells overexpressing the Pl ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10727448/?dopt=Abstract

... procoagulant platelets and platelets exposing signals to mediate their clearance. Thereby, we emphasize the impact of platelet ... procoagulant platelets and platelets exposing signals to mediate their clearance. Thereby we emphasize the impact of platelet ... we address the association between platelet size and platelet function and summarize the current knowledge on platelet ... we address the association between platelet size and platelet function and summarize the current knowledge on platelet ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2018.00017/full

Human Platelet Antigen (HPA) genotyping was performed using the BeadChip assay (BioArray, Immucor). Concordant genotypings were ... The diagnosis is ascertained only when the maternal alloantibody and the offending antigen present in the newborn are ... Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia results from the maternal immune response against fetal-specific antigens inherited from ... Human Platelet Antigen (HPA); genotyping; buccal swab; DNA extraction neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT); Human ...

http://www.mdpi.com/2409-515X/2/3/3

... such as the human platelet antigens.41 It is probable that, by an approach of inverted immunology, novel clinically relevant ... The neutrophil-specific antigen CD177 is a counter-receptor for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31). J Biol ... A REIC gene shows down-regulation in human immortalized cells and human tumor-derived cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun ... human or mouse) of DE genes. For the 7 cell types with data in both human and mouse, the extent of conservation of differential ...

http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/113/19/e1?ijkey=5491901052f0241af41d97030780ad1e2a887fd8&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha&sso-checked=true

Nomenclature of human platelet antigens. Vox Sang. 2003 Oct;85(3):240-245.14516468 ... antigens, and to polymorphic epitopes on the platelet GPs IIb/IIIa, Ib/IX, and Ia/IIa.4 Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IV antigen ... the patients own platelet antigens) or alloimmune (directed against antigens on exogenous platelets encountered through ... 4. Hayashi T, Hirayama F. Advances in alloimmune thrombocytopenia: perspectives on current concepts of human platelet antigens ...

https://www.labcorp.com/test-menu/39046/

Antigen-presenting cells (APC) pulsed with antigen in the presence of PDGF or EGF are able to stimulate antigen-specific T-cell ... Both growth factors increase the expression of MHC Class II antigens on antigen-presenting cells. ... Physiological concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) are able to partially ... Neither growth factor is mitogenic for T cells in the absence of antigen, and neither is able to act synergistically with T- ...

https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/482444

These antibodies cause neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusion purpura, and some cases of platelet transfusion refractoriness to infusion of donor platelets. (wikipedia.org)
Background Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia is mostly due to the presence of maternal antibodies against the fetal platelet antigen HPA-1a on the platelet integrin GPIIb-IIIa. (haematologica.org)
Such antibodies may destroy fetal platelets and lead to neonatal/fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). (haematologica.org)
The human platelet antigen-1a (HPA-1a) is the most common alloantigenic target in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). (ox.ac.uk)
BACKGROUND: The study of the immunogenetics of the human platelet antigens is important to the improvement of diagnosis and genetic counseling and to the development of screening programs for women at risk of having babies with neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. (elsevier.com)
Human platelet antigen (HPA) typing plays a critical role in the diagnosis of fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, and the prevention of posttransfusion purpura and refractoriness to platelet transfusions. (cdc.gov)
Immune thrombocytopenia is an immune disease characterized by thrombocytopenia and bleeding due to platelet antibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this study was to investigate human platelet antigen frequencies in immune thrombocytopenia patients from the state of Amazonas, Brazil and investigate the potential association between specific antigens and risk for immune thrombocytopenia. (cdc.gov)
Human platelet antigens (HPA) are involved in several clinical conditions, such as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), platelet transfusion purpura (PTP), and refractoriness to platelet transfusion.The frequency of platelet antigens varies among populations. (ijbti.com)
Taking consideration of the previous studies, and our results, a clinical research associated with platelet disorders, such as: neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), post transfusion purpura (PTP), and, multi-platelet transfusion refractoriness (MPR), are needed to ensure the proper diagnosis and the blood transfusion safety. (ijbti.com)
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia results from the maternal immune response against fetal-specific antigens inherited from the father. (mdpi.com)
Kaplan, C. A Non-Invasive Strategy for Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia Diagnosis: Newborn Platelet Genotyping with Buccal Swabs. (mdpi.com)
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), formerly referred to as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, occurs when platelet autoantibodies with broad reactivity against common epitopes on platelet glycoprotein complexes destroy an individual's platelets and result in a persistent thrombocytopenia. (labcorp.com)
Some authors have found that identification of platelet associated antibodies has prognostic significance in ITP and can help in understanding the underlying mechanism of thrombocytopenia. (labcorp.com)
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) typically occurs when fetal platelets have an antigen from the father that is absent in the mother. (labcorp.com)
Serological evaluation of maternal sera for platelet antibodies in suspected fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAITP) discloses in only approximately 30% of individuals a platelet-specific antibody. (qxmd.com)
Intravenous human immunoglobulin treatment for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to anti-HPA-5b with severe previous history]. (qxmd.com)
Platelet disorders caused by antibodies against platelets include immune thrombocytopenia, fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia, and platelet-transfusion refractoriness. (isbtweb.org)
Notably, many patients with critical thrombocytopenia, caused by dysregulation of BM as a result of hematopoietic disease or aggressive chemotherapy, require platelet transfusions using platelet concentrates obtained through blood donation ( Webb and Anderson, 1999 ). (rupress.org)
The last twenty years have been characterized by great interest in the study of the role of antiplatelet antibodies and platelet antigens in the mechanism of thrombocytopenia . (curehunter.com)
Platelet Toll-like receptor expression modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced thrombocytopenia and tumor necrosis factor-α production in vivo . (springer.com)
Platelet transfusion can be a life-saving procedure in preventing or treating serious complications from bleeding and hemorrhage in patients who have disorders manifesting as thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) or platelet dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
Surgical bleeding due solely to thrombocytopenia occurs when platelets (wikipedia.org)
An unconfirmed, but helpful, way to determine whether a patient is recovering from chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia is to measure "reticulated" platelets, or young RNA-containing platelets, which signifies that the patient is starting to make new platelets. (wikipedia.org)
Fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is the most common cause of severe thrombocytopenia - a low blood platelet count - in the fetus or newborn (Mella and Eddleman, 2015). (rcm.org.uk)
The most common cause of severe thrombocytopenia in an otherwise healthy newborn is maternal alloantibodies to human platelet antigens (HPAs) (Burrows and Kelton, 1993). (rcm.org.uk)
However, the infant may be asymptomatic if the platelet count is greater than 50 x 109/L, and thrombocytopenia can often be discovered only by chance (Bertrand and Kaplan, 2014). (rcm.org.uk)
Human PF4 is used for the proof of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. (prospecbio.com)
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is caused by maternal antibodies against human platelet antigens (HPA) on fetal platelets. (wiley.com)
describe a specially designed antibody that saturates binding sites on fetal platelets without initiating FcγR-mediated platelet phagocytosis, preventing the binding of pathological maternal anti-HLA antibodies that cause fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (see the related articles beginning on pages 2939 and 2929, respectively). (jci.org)
Interestingly, acute infections can also result in platelet breakdown and thrombocytopenia. (jimmunol.org)
We hypothesized that susceptibility to P. vivax -induced thrombocytopenia could be associated with polymorphisms on relevant platelet membrane integrins: integrin α2 (C807T), and integrin β3 (T1565C). (ajtmh.org)

Human alloantigens expressed only on platelets, specifically on platelet membrane glycoproteins. (umassmed.edu)
Human platelet antigens (HPA) are polymorphic structures located on platelet membrane glycoproteins [3] . (ijbti.com)
J.V. Staros, N.J. Kotite, and L.W. Cunningham , Membrane-Impermeant Cross-Linking Reagents for Structural and Functional Analyses of Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins. (elsevier.com)

A peptide aptamer library was screened using an anti-HPA-1a human monoclonal antibody as a bait to isolate an aptamer that mimics the human platelet antigen HPA-1a. (haematologica.org)
Up to now, all methods for detecting auto- or alloantibodies directed at platelets, such as monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen assay (MAIPA) 6 or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 7 require human platelets. (haematologica.org)
1-6 This platelet antibody profile is designed to detect antibodies to HLA class I and platelet glycoprotein IV (CD36) antigens, and to polymorphic epitopes on the platelet GPs IIb/IIIa, Ib/IX, and Ia/IIa. (labcorp.com)
Transfusion-induced alloimmunization against human platelet antigen-15 (HPA-15) has been reported to be about as common as against HPA-5, the second most common platelet antibody. (qxmd.com)
These data indicate that HPA-15 alloimmunization needs only to be considered in subjects with suspected FNAITP if no other platelet-specific antibody is detectable. (qxmd.com)
The relevance of HPA-15 antigen expression for anti-HPA-15 antibody detection. (qxmd.com)
Masson's trichrome, anti-type 1 collagen antibody, bromodeoxyuridine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule stain were performed to evaluate histological changes. (hindawi.com)
We promote basic and clinical research to improve the knowledge on antibody-mediated platelet disorders and to improve laboratory testing and clinical guidance. (isbtweb.org)
We set standards for serological testing, diagnostic pathways, and clinical decision making in patients with antibody-mediated platelet disorders. (isbtweb.org)
Although majority of tests for determination of antiplatelet antibodies were initially introduced for antibody demonstration in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura , these methods are now employed for all diseases associated with platelet impairments, when an immunologic pathomechanism of the disease onset is suspected. (curehunter.com)
This product is an affinity-purified IgG antibody that recognizes human platelets. (clontech.com)
The antibody was raised in mouse and can be used for detection of platelets in megakaryocytic leukemia. (clontech.com)
The HIP8 antibody has been reported to block the activation of platelets by various stimuli, including collagen, and ADP. (biolegend.com)
At the same time, in some patients who receive repeated transfusions of blood platelets, an HLA 3 antibody is produced because of the existence of HLA on the blood platelets, and it causes the elimination of the effectiveness in blood transfusions and thus creates another problems. (sysmex.co.jp)
Previously we have shown that monoclonal antibody (MAb) AAP2 produced in our laboratory bound to a 110-kD platelet antigen and gave an enhanced binding to activated platelet membrane. (ahajournals.org)
10 Rosenblum et al 11,12 also found that anti-CD31 antibody delays platelet adhesion/aggregation at sites of endothelial injury in mouse cerebral arterioles. (ahajournals.org)
ADP, epinephrine, FITC isomer I, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride, and a control polyclonal antibody against human C4 were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. Collagen was obtained from Chronolog Co. Thrombin (Fibrindex) was from Ortho Diagnostics Inc. GammaBind-Plus column was purchased from Pharmacia BioTech. (ahajournals.org)
FACS analysis of human peripheral blood platelets using GTX31222 CD62P antibody [AK-6]. (genetex.com)
IHC-P analysis of human tonsil tissue using GTX31222 CD62P antibody [AK-6]. (genetex.com)
Each antibody is crafted with care according to rigorous protocols for immunogen design and preparation, presentation to host animal, and high-affinity purification against the antigen. (abgent.com)
This antibody recognizes the epitope 1 of CD44 antigen according to the HLDA workshop studies. (fishersci.com)
While assessment of antibody glycoform compositions observed across total plasma IgG has identified differences associated with a variety of clinical conditions, in many cases it is the glycosylation state of only antibodies against a specific antigen or set of antigens that may be of interest, for example, in defining the potential effector function of antibodies produced during disease or after vaccination. (deepdyve.com)
We demonstrate the utility of this method across multiple antibody sources, using both purified plasma IgG and plasma, and across multiple different antigen types, with enrichment factors greater than 1000-fold observed. (deepdyve.com)

Platelet refractoriness is the failure to achieve satisfactory responses to platelet transfusions from random donors. (transfusion.com.au)
Evaluate of the risk of anti-platelet alloimmunization among Moroccan blood donors, and estimate the mismatch probability of different platelet alloantigens, after random transfusions of platelet concentrates. (ijbti.com)
The amino acid changes resulting from these SNPs induce changes in glycoprotein structure to form antigens that can elicit antibodies through exposure from pregnancy or platelet transfusions [9] . (ijbti.com)
Platelet transfusions should be avoided in those with TTP because it can worsen neurologic symptoms and acute renal failure, presumably due to creation of new thrombi as the platelets are consumed. (wikipedia.org)
Not all platelet transfusions use platelets collected by automated apheresis. (wikipedia.org)
If indicated, transfusions (one thrombapheresis concentrate) should be given until recovery of platelet function, generally approximately twice weekly. (wikipedia.org)
Platelet transfusions are generally not recommended for this group of patients because the underlying cause involves antibodies that destroy platelets, therefore any newly transfused platelets will also be destroyed. (wikipedia.org)
Platelets transfusions may be used in emergency bleeding situations where the platelets could be used by the body before the immune system destroys them. (wikipedia.org)
Blood preparations used in transfusions include whole blood preparations, red blood cell preparations, plasma preparations and platelet preparations. (sysmex.co.jp)
Nowadays, when performing blood transfusions it has become commonplace to transfuse only the blood components the patient requires (red blood cell preparations, plasma preparations and platelet preparations). (sysmex.co.jp)
Low frequency of anti-D alloimmunization following D+ platelet transfusion: the Anti-D Alloimmunization after D-incompatible Platelet Transfusions (ADAPT) study. (medscape.com)

8 , 9 Although antibodies against HPA-1a antigen may still be detected after several months at low temperature, attempts to keep platelet glycoprotein expression at normal levels during long-term storage remain problematic. (haematologica.org)
4 Platelet glycoprotein (GP) IV antigen deficiency is rare in Caucasians but frequent in Asians and Africans. (labcorp.com)
4,7,8 The IIb/IIIa glycoprotein complex plays a central role in platelet adhesion by binding fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor. (labcorp.com)
1 The majority of autoantibodies identified in patients with ITP are directed against components of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. (labcorp.com)
D.R. Phillips and M.C. Berndt , Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein V Purification. (elsevier.com)
J. Hawiger and S. Timmons , Binding of Fibrinogen and von Willebrand Factor to Platelet Glycoprotein Iib-IIIa Complex. (elsevier.com)
Z.M. Ruggeri, T.S. Zimmerman, S. Russell, R. Bader, and L. DeMarco , Von Willebrand Factor Binding to Platelet Glycoprotein Ib Complex. (elsevier.com)
Platelets play a primary role in this process, interacting with subendothelium-bound von Willebrand factor (vWf) via the membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib complex. (medscape.com)
CD42a, together with GPIb receptor complex and platelet glycoprotein V forms a complex which serves as the receptor for von Willebrand factor (VWF). (miltenyibiotec.com)
The value of flow cytometric analysis of platelet glycoprotein expression of CD34+ cells measured under conditions that prevent P-selectin-mediated binding of platelets. (abnova.com)

A current focus is the role of rap1b, a low molecular weight GTP binding protein member of the ras superfamily, which is present in high concentrations in platelets and plays a role in the activation in platelets, including platelet aggregation, the integrin-mediated interaction of one platelet with another to form a platelet hemostatic plug. (mcw.edu)

Platelets (PLTs) are involved in hemostasis, thrombosis, and immunity. (frontiersin.org)
Beyond hemostasis, platelets also act as mediators in immunity and inflammation ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Epidemiological studies found an association between an increased platelet size and thrombotic outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease ( 12 ) resulting in a revival of the "old" hypothesis of an association between a larger platelet size and enhanced platelet function in hemostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Human blood platelets are essential to maintaining normal hemostasis, and platelet dysfunction often causes bleeding or thrombosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Platelets are circulating peripheral blood cells that emerge from the human bone marrow to function as critical components in basic physiological processes such as hemostasis, wound healing, inflammation, angiogenesis and the pathophysiology of tumor metastases. (biomedcentral.com)
The adhesion of platelets to injured vascular surfaces in the arterial circulation is a critical initiating event in hemostasis. (abcam.com)
This position near the vessel wall allows platelets to rapidly respond to vascular injuries and contribute to hemostasis, the physiological process that stops bleeding. (els.net)
Following vascular damage, exposure of subendothelial matrix proteins to the blood initiates the first wave of hemostasis: platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. (els.net)
Activated platelets also play important roles in secondary hemostasis by binding coagulation factors and enhancing cell‐based thrombin generation at sites of vessel injury. (els.net)
Beyond hemostasis, platelets have been demonstrated by recent studies to play critical roles in a range of biological processes including inflammation, immune regulation, atherosclerosis, lymphatic vessel development, angiogenesis, liver regeneration, and tumor metastasis. (els.net)
Platelets are anucleate cell fragments with limited biosynthetic function that are critical for normal hemostasis and blood coagulation [ 1,2 ]. (wiley.com)
Platelet disorders lead to defects in primary hemostasis and produce signs and symptoms different from coagulation factor deficiencies (disorders of secondary hemostasis). (medscape.com)
The initial hemostatic plug, composed primarily of platelets, is stabilized further by a fibrin mesh generated in secondary hemostasis. (medscape.com)
Platelets are small cellular fragments with the primary physiological role of maintaining hemostasis. (jimmunol.org)
What has become clear over the last 50 years is that, in addition to their primary role in hemostasis, platelets are multifunctional and are key players in many other physiological and pathological processes (e.g., wound repair, inflammatory processes, and the immune response) ( 2 - 8 ). (jimmunol.org)
The interaction of the GPIb-IX-V complex to VWF initiates initial platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium after vascular injury, platelet activation, thrombosis, and hemostasis. (miltenyibiotec.com)

Human platelet antigens (HPA) are polymorphisms in platelet antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Human platelet antigen 1, 2 and 5 gene polymorphisms in Egyptians and their potential association with susceptibility to immune thrombocytopenic purpura in Egyptian patients. (umassmed.edu)
Human platelet antigens are derived from polymorphisms of these glycoproteins. (cdc.gov)
Human platelet antigen polymorphisms are associated with the rapid development of fibrosis in HCV-monoinfected patients . (bvsalud.org)
Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from 36 human immunodeficiency virus -1/ hepatitis C virus -coinfected patients was genotyped to determine the presence of human platelet antigens -1, -3, or -5 polymorphisms. (bvsalud.org)
Fisher's exact test was utilized to determine possible associations between the human platelet antigen polymorphisms and fibrosis progression. (bvsalud.org)

Frequency of HPA-15a and HPA-15b (Gov a/b) human platelet alloantigens in the Croatian population. (qxmd.com)
To reach our aims, we establish and monitor nomenclature for human platelet alloantigens (HPA) and support scientific co-operation between our members. (isbtweb.org)

These can stimulate production of alloantibodies (that is, antibodies against other people's antigens) in recipients of transfused platelets from donors with different HPAs. (wikipedia.org)
Shun-Chung Pai, Thierry Burnouf, Jen-Wei Chen, and Liang-In Lin, "Human Platelet Antigen Alleles in 998 Taiwanese Blood Donors Determined by Sequence-Specific Primer Polymerase Chain Reaction," BioMed Research International , vol. 2013, Article ID 973789, 5 pages, 2013. (hindawi.com)
Current diagnostic assays rely on the availability of pools of human platelets that vary according to donors and blood centers. (haematologica.org)
The estimated mismatch probability regarding platelet antigens HPA-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5 in Moroccan blood donors, after random platelet transfusion, varies from 1.96% for HPA-4, to 32.9% for HPA-1. (ijbti.com)
Materials and Methods: DNA from 120 Iranians (99 Iranian blood donors and 21 patients with platelet refractoriness) was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes and tested by restricted fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). (ijbc.ir)
As a consequence of global migration flows the risk of HPA alloimmunization may be increased for recipients of platelets from ethnically diverse donors. (ijbti.com)
One hundred and ninety-nine apheresis platelet donors, including Europeans (n = 154) and North Africans (n = 29), were enrolled. (ijbti.com)
In our population, there should not be clinically relevant increased risk of post-transfusion purpura or platelet transfusion refractoriness secondary to antibodies to HPAs for recipients of platelet concentrates from blood donors of European and North African ethnicity. (ijbti.com)
The generation of transgenic pigs as potential organs donors for humans. (medigraphic.com)
They must be pooled from several donors to create a single transfusion, and this complicates processing and increases the risk of diseases that can be spread in transfused blood, such as human immunodeficiency virus. (wikipedia.org)
The HLA antigens expressed on the surface of the lymphocytes of the recipient are matched against those from various donors. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)

Platelets perform these functions through ligand-receptor interactions involving the many glycoproteins (GP) expressed on their cell surface membranes. (ijbti.com)
Because integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) plays a crucial role in thrombus formation, we analyzed receptor adhesive properties using Chinese hamster ovary and human kidney embryonal 293 cells overexpressing the Pl(A1) or Pl(A2) polymorphic forms of alpha(IIb)beta(3). (nih.gov)
This gene encodes a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAF) that localizes to lipid rafts and/or caveolae in the cell membrane. (genecards.org)
PTAFR (Platelet Activating Factor Receptor) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Receptor for platelet activating factor, a chemotactic phospholipid mediator that possesses potent inflammatory, smooth-muscle contractile and hypotensive activity. (genecards.org)
Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) is a Gq/G11-coupled-protein receptor that has a role in a wide range of biological processes such as vasodilation, superoxide formation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and regulation of the inflammatory response. (genecards.org)
The GPIb-V-IX complex functions as the vWF receptor and mediates vWF-dependent platelet adhesion to blood vessels. (abcam.com)
W.R. Figures, L.M. Scearce, R.F. Colman, and R.W. Colman , Interaction of Nucleotide Affinity Analog 5'p-Fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine with Platelet ADP Receptor: Aggregin. (elsevier.com)
P.B. Tracy, M.E. Nesheim, and K.G. Mann , Platelet Factor Xa Receptor. (elsevier.com)
D. Sinha and P.N. Walsh , Binding of Coagulation Factor XIa to a Receptor on Human Platelets. (elsevier.com)
A.S. Hajek and J.H. Joist , Platelet Insulin Receptor. (elsevier.com)
En algunas combinaciones de cerdo y primate el rechazo del injerto es iniciado por el reconocimiento de anticuerpos del receptor a los ant genos presentes en los vasos sangu neos del donador. (medigraphic.com)
Platelets express functional Toll-like receptor-4. (springer.com)
Both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) signaling mechanisms and angiogenesis have been evaluated as independent targets for therapy of human pancreatic carcinoma, but a link between the two processes has been identified only recently. (aacrjournals.org)
The membrane protein is a calcium-dependent receptor that binds to sialylated forms of Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigens on neutrophils and monocytes. (genetex.com)
Antigen standard for integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor) (ITGA2) is a lysate prepared from HEK293T cells transiently transfected with a TrueORF gene-carrying pCMV plasmid and then lysed in RIPA Buffer. (creativebiomart.net)
However, the receptor that recognizes Stx in human neutrophils, which do not express Gb3Cer, has not been identified. (jimmunol.org)
In this study, by competition and functional experiments with appropriate agonists and antagonists (LPS, anti-TLR4 Abs, respectively), we have identified TLR4 as the receptor that specifically recognizes Stx1 and Stx2 in human neutrophils. (jimmunol.org)
The PDGFRB gene provides instructions for making a protein called platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ), which is part of a family of proteins called receptor tyrosine kinases. (medlineplus.gov)
Alpha chain 2b undergoes post-translational cleavage to yield disulfide-linked light and heavy chains that join with beta 3 to form a fibronectin receptor expressed in platelets that plays a crucial role in coagulation. (abnova.com)

1,5,17 In this condition, which can be considered to be the platelet equivalent of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy fetal platelets. (labcorp.com)

For the remaining 12, alloantibodies against the thetical but not the antithetical antigen have been observed. (wikipedia.org)
The role of alloantibodies against human platelet antigen-15 in multiply platelet transfused patients. (qxmd.com)
Platelet Immunobiology studies the pathogenic immune mechanisms responsible for platelet disorders related to alloantibodies or autoantibodies against platelets. (isbtweb.org)
A diagnosis of FNAIT is confirmed serologically by detection of maternally derived alloantibodies in the antigen-negative mother. (rcm.org.uk)

Rabbit antibodies against CD31 completely inhibited the binding of AAP2 to platelets in the flow cytometry analysis. (ahajournals.org)

1 Anti-platelet alloimmunization has an estimated incidence of 1 in 1,000 pregnancies and may cause in utero cerebral bleeds or ventriculomegaly. (haematologica.org)
CONCLUSION: These studies indicate a higher potential risk for alloimmunization to HPA‐2 (Ko) and HPA‐5 (Br) antigens in African Americans than in whites. (elsevier.com)
The frequencies of these antigens, their risk of alloimmunization, and their clinical implications and complications within Moroccan population are unknown. (ijbti.com)
their frequency differs between human groups and could affect the risk of alloimmunization. (ijbti.com)
The first case of alloantibody against human platelet antigen-15b in Japan: possible alloimmunization by a hydatidiform mole. (qxmd.com)
Transplacental alloimmunization against specific platelet antigens: prevalence and features in a Chilean population]. (qxmd.com)
Pregnancy-induced Alloimmunization against Platelet Antigens. (nii.ac.jp)
What is the mechanism of alloimmunization in platelet therapy? (brainscape.com)
How can alloimmunization in platelet transfusion be prevented? (brainscape.com)
A recipient who is immunocompetent may mount an immune response to the donor antigens (ie, alloimmunization), resulting in various clinical consequences, depending on the blood cells and specific antigens involved. (medscape.com)
Providing ABO-identical platelets and cryoprecipitate to (almost) all patients: approach, logistics, and associated decreases in transfusion reaction and red blood cell alloimmunization incidence. (medscape.com)
Alloimmunization to transfused platelets requires priming of CD4+ T cells in the splenic microenvironment in a murine model. (medscape.com)
Effects of universal vs bedside leukoreductions on the alloimmunization to platelets and the platelet transfusion refractoriness. (medscape.com)
Alloimmunization to platelets in heavily transfused patients with sickle cell disease. (medscape.com)
Survey of the use and clinical effectiveness of HPA-1a/5b-negative platelet concentrates in proven or suspected platelet alloimmunization. (medscape.com)

As was expected, the invariance of the antigen specificity was evidenced by the fact that the TCR gene rearrangement patterns in the redifferentiated T lineage cells were identical to those in the original T cell. (nii.ac.jp)

Endothelial cell antigens recognized by xenoreactive human natural antibodies. (medigraphic.com)
Under normal circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
Abstract CD31/platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) is expressed on platelets, endothelial cells, myeloid cells, monocytes, and certain lymphocyte subsets. (ahajournals.org)
Although ABO blood group is associated with variations in concentrations of circulating von Willebrand Factor and other endothelial cell adhesion molecules, ABO antigens are also present on several platelet surface glycoproteins and glycosphingolipids. (ahajournals.org)
Upon stimulation of these cells with a variety of agonists such as thrombin or histamine, CD62P is rapidly translocated to the cell surface, where it mediates leukocyte-platelet and leukocyte-vascular endothelial cell adhesion. (miltenyibiotec.com)

Coller, 1980 "Interaction of normal, thrombasthenic, and Bernard-Soulier platelets with immobilized fibrinogen: defective platelet-fibrinogen interaction in thrombasthenia," Blood 55:169-178. (freepatentsonline.com)
1987, "Arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid sequences and fibrinogen binding to platelets", Blood 70:110-115. (freepatentsonline.com)
von Willebrand factor (VWF) and fibrinogen are major storage proteins of platelet α-granules. (wiley.com)
VWF is synthesized by the megakaryocyte, the cell from which platelets bud, and fibrinogen is delivered to α-granules by endocytosis. (wiley.com)
Considering biosynthetic origins, VWF and fibrinogen might be differentially packaged within platelets. (wiley.com)
We applied immunofluorescence microscopy to provide whole platelet, global information on the distributions of VWF and fibrinogen. (wiley.com)
The distribution of VWF and fibrinogen were characterized in both the resting state and handling activated human platelets. (wiley.com)
In sum, we found that there was little overlap in the distribution of VWF and fibrinogen in resting state platelets. (wiley.com)
Significantly, we found that in handling activated platelets there was differential retention of fibrinogen-positive granules relative to VWF positive granules. (wiley.com)
Our results indicate that VWF and fibrinogen are differentially packaged in human platelets. (wiley.com)
These granules contain coagulation factors (e.g. fibrinogen), pro-angiogenic agents and some adhesion molecules [e.g. von Willebrand factor (VWF)], P-selectin, fibronectin and growth factors (e.g. platelet-derived growth factor). (wiley.com)
On resting platelets, GP IIb/IIIa is unable to bind fibrinogen or vWf. (medscape.com)
The alpha granules contain hemostatic proteins such as fibrinogen, vWf, and growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor). (medscape.com)

The 1-year pilot program set a target of testing 250,000 adults for HBV and HCV infection and treating all patients who have active infection, including those who had a positive test result for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and those who had a positive test result for HCV core antigen. (cdc.gov)
During 2017, the president of Uzbekistan have active infection, including those who had a positive test issued a decree calling for the elimination of HBV and HCV result for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and those who infections to meet WHO's 2030 hepatitis elimination targets had a positive test result for HCV core antigen. (cdc.gov)
Chemiluminescence's Immunoassay is the method used for the detection of the presence of antibodies directed against the antigens of HIV-1, HIV -2 viruses, Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis B surface antigen. (hsa.gov.sg)

3,9-11 Antiplatelet autoantibodies also are thought to impair platelet production by megakaryocytes. (labcorp.com)
ITP is caused by autoantibodies to platelets. (medscape.com)
Detection of autoantibodies in human serum assists in the diagnosis of patients with autoimmune diseases. (jci.org)

ABSTRACT: Given the enormous advances in the prevention of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is clear that early identification and treatment of all pregnant women with HIV is the best way to prevent neonatal infection and also improve women's health. (acog.org)
Platelet-specific antigens inherited from the father but absent in the mother cause an immune response generating maternal antibodies (immunoglobulin G, or IgG) that bind to and destroy fetal/neonatal platelets. (rcm.org.uk)

Human platelet specific antigens (HPAs) are immunogenic structures located on the membrane of platelets. (ijbti.com)
HPAs are localised either to platelet glycoproteins GPIIb/IIIa, GPIa/IIa, GPIb/IX/V or to GPI-linked anchor membrane molecule CD109. (rcm.org.uk)

Platelets are small (~1-2 μM) anucleate discoid cells that are abundantly (150 000-450 000/ μl) present in blood during normal health. (ijbti.com)
and thousands of novel un-annotated long and short intronic transcripts, an intriguing finding considering the anucleate nature of platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
But because platelets are anucleate, they can be irradiated before transfusion to eliminate residual hiPSCs or other differentiated nucleated cells that could form teratomas or malignant tumors ( van der Meer and Pietersz, 2005 ). (rupress.org)
Platelets are small anucleate blood cells that that are produced by megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, and also likely in the lungs. (els.net)
The platelets arise from the fragmentation of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and circulate in blood as disc-shaped anucleate particles for 7-10 days. (medscape.com)
Circulating human platelets are anucleate and have a diameter ∼2-4 μm and a lifespan of 8-10 d before they are primarily destroyed by macrophages within the spleen. (jimmunol.org)
Further specialization into various blood cell types occurred by the vertebrate stage, and this eventually evolved into mammalian anucleate platelets, with both hemostatic and inflammatory properties ( 9 , 10 ). (jimmunol.org)

Enrichment of distinct platelet subpopulations in platelet concentrates (PCs) during production may modulate the biological effects of PCs. (frontiersin.org)
Using an in vitro culture system yielding a hematopoietic niche that concentrates hematopoietic progenitors, we show that the pattern of c-MYC reactivation after reprogramming influences platelet generation from hiPSCs. (rupress.org)
To establish a supply of identical platelet concentrates without loss of responsiveness as a result of immunorejection, particularly for patients with a rare HLA, human (h) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a potentially abundant source. (rupress.org)
Thus, platelet concentrates derived from hiPSCs could be a useful source of HLA-identical platelets, which eliminates the need for scarce donor blood. (rupress.org)
Platelet concentrates are kept at 22'C which is conducive for bacterial growth. (hsa.gov.sg)

ABSTRACT Studies have suggested a possible link between breast cancer pathogenesis and human papillomavirus (‎HPV)‎ infection. (who.int)

Reactivity of T cells from women with antibodies to the human platelet antigen (HPA)-1a to peptides encompassing the HPA-1 polymorphism. (ox.ac.uk)
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with peptides encompassing the Leu33Pro polymorphism (residues 20-39 and 24-45 in both Leu33 (HPA-1a) and Pro33 (HPA-1b) forms) or control recall antigens in the presence of autologous sera and T cell proliferation was measured by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. (ox.ac.uk)
The greater stimulation of hepatic stellate cells by the human immunodeficiency virus and, consequently, the increased expression of transforming growth factor beta can offset the effect of human platelet antigen polymorphism on the progression of fibrosis in patients coinfected with the human immunodeficiency virus -1 and the hepatitis C virus . (bvsalud.org)
When the serum content of tissue culture medium is reduced from 10% to 1%, the capacity of T cells to proliferate in response to antigen within that medium is dramatically reduced. (ox.ac.uk)
HLA class I antigens (A, B and C) are expressed on the majority of tissues and cells including T and B lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets. (transfusion.com.au)
HLA class II antigens (DR, DQ, DPA and DPB) are constitutively expressed on B lymphocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells but can also be detected on activated T lymphocytes and activated granulocytes. (transfusion.com.au)
Although their main role is to present antigens to T cells, HLA antigens can also be recognised as foreign by the host T cells. (transfusion.com.au)
We have recently demonstrated that platelets express the ligand of CD40 (CD154) within seconds of exposure to agonist, and interact with endothelial cells to participate directly in the induction of an inflammatory response. (nih.gov)
Here we show that activated platelets induce tissue factor (TF) expression on endothelial cells in a CD40/CD154-dependent manner, and that the magnitude of this response can equal that induced by TNFe. (nih.gov)
Since platelets are among the first cells involved in haemostasis following tissue injury, our data showing that ligation of CD40 by CD154 induces a procoagulant phenotype on vascular endothelial cells suggests that platelets may play an important role in the induction of wound healing. (nih.gov)
To further understand hematopoiesis, we have compared gene expression profiles of human erythroblasts, megakaryocytes, B cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, natural killer cells, granulocytes, and monocytes using whole genome microarrays. (bloodjournal.org)
Using whole-genome expression arrays, we have compared the gene expression profiles of the precursors of erythrocytes and platelets (erythroblasts [EBs], megakaryocytes [MKs]) and of B cells, cytotoxic T cells (Tc), helper T cells (Th), natural killer (NK) cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. (bloodjournal.org)
Neither growth factor is mitogenic for T cells in the absence of antigen, and neither is able to act synergistically with T-cell growth factor (TCGF) or IL-2) in the absence of antigen. (ox.ac.uk)
Antigen-presenting cells (APC) pulsed with antigen in the presence of PDGF or EGF are able to stimulate antigen-specific T-cell proliferation to a greater extent than antigen-presenting cells pulsed in the absence of exogenous PDGF or EGF. (ox.ac.uk)
Both growth factors increase the expression of MHC Class II antigens on antigen-presenting cells. (ox.ac.uk)
The aim of this study was to investigate regenerative effects of ultrasound- (US-) guided injection with human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) and/or polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) injection in a chronic traumatic full-thickness rotator cuff tendon tear (FTRCTT) in a rabbit model. (hindawi.com)
Human (h) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a potentially abundant source of blood cells, but how best to select iPSC clones suitable for this purpose from among the many clones that can be simultaneously established from an identical source is not clear. (rupress.org)
We therefore sought to determine the hallmark of such cells as well as the best way to select iPSC clones in vitro for generation of functional platelets in vivo. (rupress.org)
In addition, we discuss various methods for megakaryocyte (MK) production from human pluripotent stem cells and subsequent platelet production from the MKs. (portlandpress.com)
In addition, platelets retain their functionality after irradiation, reducing the likelihood of nucleated stem or progenitor cells surviving in the platelet unit. (portlandpress.com)
We have identified two synthetic oligonucleotides (aptamers) that bind to prostate cancer cells,with low nanomolar affinity, via the extracellular portion of the prostate-specificmembrane antigen (PSMA). (aacrjournals.org)
One aptamer was truncated from 23.4 kDa to 18.5 kDa and specifically binds LNCaP human prostate cancer cells expressing PSMA but not PSMA-devoid PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Human xenoreactive natural antibodies-avidity and targets on porcine endothelial cells. (medigraphic.com)
In vitro treatment of human pancreatic carcinoma L3.6pl cells with C225 inhibited EGF-R autophosphorylation, producing a maximum of 20% cytostasis. (aacrjournals.org)
As early as 11 days after C225 treatment, the median percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells was substantially reduced compared with gemcitabine treatment alone (26% versus 73%, respectively) versus controls (92%), correlating with in vivo blockade of EGF-R activation. (aacrjournals.org)
Due to their small size relative to other circulating blood cells, platelets are displaced from the center of vessels and circulate close to the vessel wall. (els.net)
The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
Whole blood platelets also do not require any additional donor recruitment, as they can be made from blood donations that are also used for packed red blood cells and plasma components. (wikipedia.org)
Megakaryon will use these funds mainly to conduct clinical studies in Japan and the United States on platelet preparations derived from human iPS cells 1 and develop mass-production facilities for commercial use. (sysmex.co.jp)
Through this investment, Sysmex aims to reinforce its framework for collaboration with Megakaryon and establish quality control testing and other testing methods for platelet preparations derived from human iPS cells. (sysmex.co.jp)
The practical realization of platelet preparations derived from human iPS cells is expected to help address these problems. (sysmex.co.jp)
Megakaryon possesses fundamental technology to produce platelet stably and in large quantities, by using immortalized megakaryocyte cell lines 4 derived from human iPS cells. (sysmex.co.jp)
Utilizing the platelet analysis technology it has cultivated through long experience in the hematology field, Sysmex aims to work with Megakaryon to establish analysis technology for platelets derived from human iPS cells. (sysmex.co.jp)
By further reinforcing its collaboration with Megakaryon in this way and establishing quality control-related testing and other testing methods, Sysmex aims to contribute to the commercialization of platelet preparations derived from human iPS cells. (sysmex.co.jp)
iPS cells produced from human skin or other cells by the transfection of several factors are capable of differentiation into many types of cells, related to tissues or organs. (sysmex.co.jp)
It is believed that theoretically these cells can be differentiated into cells that make up any human organ or body part. (sysmex.co.jp)
Distributed throughout almost all of cells and body fluids, HLA is known to act as a histocompatibility antigen (an important molecule related to the human immune system in recognizing its own and others). (sysmex.co.jp)
Produced from human iPS cells using three genes, this type of megakaryocyte cell line can stably self-replicate outside the body and be frozen for storage. (sysmex.co.jp)
CD31/ PECAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily found on platelets, most leukocytes, and endothelial cells. (ahajournals.org)
MAb AAP2 was produced from a hybridoma derived from BALB/c mice spleen cells after immunization with thrombin-activated human platelets and fusion with Sp2/0 Ag14 myeloma cells. (ahajournals.org)
These components include plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets. (cancer.ca)
This gene encodes a 140 kDa protein that is stored in the alpha-granules of platelets and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. (genetex.com)
This protein redistributes to the plasma membrane during platelet activation and degranulation and mediates the interaction of activated endothelial cells or platelets with leukocytes. (genetex.com)
Furthermore, platelets contain RNA that can be nascently translated under different environmental stresses, and they are able to release membrane microparticles that can transport inflammatory cargo to inflammatory cells. (jimmunol.org)
This includes platelet activation, adhesion of platelets to endothelium, and the platelet's ability to secrete inflammatory molecules that can alter the chemoattractive, adhesive, and proteolytic properties of endothelial cells. (jimmunol.org)
It consists of a fluid component, plasma, in which are suspended red cells, white cells, and platelets (see figure). (encyclopedia.com)
This procedure introduces a multitude of foreign antigens and living cells into the recipient that persist for a variable time. (medscape.com)
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) test, also known as HLA typing or tissue typing, identifies antigens on the white blood cells (WBCs) that determine tissue compatibility for organ transplantation (that is, histocompatibility testing). (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
Graft rejection occurs when the immune cells (T-lymphocytes) of the recipient recognize specific HLA antigens on the donor's organ as foreign. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
These HLA antigens are found on all nucleated cells. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
CD141 is expressed at high levels on a minor subpopulation of human myeloid dendritic cells that show monocytoid morphology. (beckman.com)
however, the effectiveness of this therapy declines due to exhaustion of the antigen-specific T cells. (nii.ac.jp)
CD44 is expressed on leucocytes, erythrocytes, epithelial cells and weakly on platelets. (fishersci.com)
In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible and oval biconcave disks. (wikipedia.org)
[4] Approximately a quarter of the cells in the human body are red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
Almost all vertebrates, including all mammals and humans, have red blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
CD62P is expressed by vascular endothelial cells and platelets. (miltenyibiotec.com)
The protein is stored preformed in the Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells and in the α-granules of platelets. (miltenyibiotec.com)
CD41 is expressed by platelets, megakaryocytes and by a small subset of CD34+ cells suggesting that CD41/CD61 is the earliest marker of the megakaryocytic lineage. (abnova.com)

These platelet-specific antigens are immunogenic and can result in pathological reactions to transfusion therapy. (umassmed.edu)
and (4) RBC-specific antigens. (medscape.com)

Illustrated blood group boxes provide you with the ISBT symbol, number, and the clinical significance of the antibodies at a glance throughout Chapter 7, Other Red Cell Blood Group Systems, Human Leukocyte Antigens, and Platelet Antigens . (elsevier.com)

Among the proteins found at the surface of platelet plasma membrane, GPIIb-IIIa integrin harbors the human platelet antigens HPA-1a/b, the most clinically important platelet antigens. (haematologica.org)
S. Rosenberg-Schaier , Purification and Characterization of Platelet Actin, Actin-Binding Proteins, and ~ga-Actin. (elsevier.com)
Also, toxins such as Shiga toxin, superantigens, gingipains and M proteins can activate platelets. (springer.com)
Hyperproduction of alpha-toxin by Staphylococcus aureus results in paradoxically reduced virulence in experimental endocarditis: a host defense role for platelet microbicidal proteins. (springer.com)
Following vessel injury, plasma and possibly platelet proteins are deposited onto the exposed extracellular matrix. (els.net)
Upon activation at sites of vascular injury, platelets release secretory granule proteins to initiate the formation of a platelet aggregate that aids in wound healing. (wiley.com)
Platelet activation allows binding of these proteins, which bridges adjacent platelets. (medscape.com)
The involvement of platelet membrane proteins in platelet physiologic functions has been illustrated by study of the effect of MAbs against these membrane proteins on platelets. (ahajournals.org)
Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach. (wikigenes.org)
Adaptor signalling proteins Grb2 and Grb7 are recruited by human G6f, a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily encoded in the MHC. (wikigenes.org)

Causes of refractoriness to platelet transfusion. (umassmed.edu)

Platelets are the cellular components of the blood coagulation system. (haematologica.org)
Platelets arise from progenitor megakaryocytes (MKs) that provide them with peptides that are active in inflammation and coagulation and with mRNAs that are translated upon their activation. (frontiersin.org)
Platelets recognize vessel damage, trigger coagulation and enhance clot formation at the site of injury ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
P2RY12 is required for normal platelet aggregation and blood coagulation, and is a target to inhibit of platelet aggregation in the treatment of thromboembolisms and other clotting disorders. (biolegend.com)
Platelet activation and phosphatidylserine exposure contribute to cell‐based thrombin generation, enhancing platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. (els.net)

Results This is the first report in platelet immunology of the use of a peptide aptamer for diagnostic purposes. (haematologica.org)
Thus, in the field of platelet immunology, the availability of new standardized methods to detect human platelet antibodies, including anti-HPA-1a, remains a major issue. (haematologica.org)
We encourage and support new and emerging platelet immunology laboratories through education and organisation of practical workshop sessions. (isbtweb.org)
Report on the 16th international society of blood transfusion platelet immunology workshop. (isbtweb.org)
Report on the 15th International Society of Blood Transfusion platelet immunology workshop. (isbtweb.org)
Follow this link to visit ISBT Education and watch the webcast of John Sample on Platelet Immunology. (isbtweb.org)
Follow this link to visit ISB Education and watch the webcast of John Sample on Platelet Immunology. (isbtweb.org)

ackground: Knowing the human platelet antigens (HPA) and genes frequency in different populations is important not only for population studies but also for clinical transfusion practice. (ijbc.ir)
Genome wide association studies in healthy subjects identified several genes associated with platelet size ( 13 - 18 ). (frontiersin.org)
There are six loci on chromosome 6, where the genes that produce HLA antigens are inherited: HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
Consequently, the HLA antigens from all six loci are inherited together and segregate with many other genes located within the same region of chromosome 6. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
Class II molecules consist of antigens inherited as genes from the HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP loci. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)

As well as simply producing platelets, differentiating MK cultures can enable us to understand megakaryopoiesis in vivo and take steps towards ameliorating bleeding disorders or deficiencies in MK maturation in patients. (portlandpress.com)
Abnormalities in platelet number and function can cause either bleeding or thrombotic disorders. (els.net)
This process may also be used therapeutically to treat disorders resulting in extraordinarily high platelet counts such as essential thrombocytosis. (wikipedia.org)
The evidence for the use of recombinant human activated factor VII in the treatment of bleeding patients with quantitative and qualitative platelet disorders. (medscape.com)

Cell wall components such as lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid can activate platelets via Toll-like receptors although evidence would suggest that this may be indirectly via leucocyte activation. (springer.com)
Platelets also have a series of invaginated folded membranes that form the inner canalicular system, and this allows the platelet to significantly increase surface area upon activation. (jimmunol.org)
Clone REA389 recognizes the human CD62P antigen, a 140 kDa single-pass type I membrane protein also known as P-selectin or platelet activation dependent granule-external membrane protein (PADGEM). (miltenyibiotec.com)

These antigens result from a leukine-proline polymorphism at position 33 of the GPIIb-IIIa integrin. (haematologica.org)
within Human Integrin alpha 2 aa 1150 to the C-terminus. (abcam.com)
It is a member of the integrin family primarily expressed on platelets and megakaryocytes. (biolegend.com)
CD41 is always non-covalently associated with CD61 (platelet GPIIIa, beta 3 integrin), to form the GPIIb-IIIa (CD41/CD61) complex. (abnova.com)

The GPIb‐IX‐V complex and its ligand adherent VWF mediate platelet rolling along the vessel wall. (els.net)
It has been shown that the effects of MAbs to CD41/CD61 and CD42 on platelet aggregation were heterogeneous, reflecting the different molecular basis of these MAbs, including their ligand selectivity and mechanism of platelet functions. (ahajournals.org)

Screen for the presence of circulating antibodies to platelets (not bound to the platelet surface), that may be associated with the destruction of platelets. (labcorp.com)

ABH antigens on human platelets: expression on the glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein CD109. (umassmed.edu)
Platelets (PLTs) are the major source of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a protein that is involved in sterile inflammation of blood vessels and thrombosis. (frontiersin.org)
Of the known protein-coding loci, ~9,500 are present in human platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
This is particularly true of platelets where an accurate understanding of the transcriptome has both biological (improved understanding of platelet protein translation and the mechanisms of megakaryocyte/platelet gene expression) and clinical (novel biomarkers of disease) relevance. (biomedcentral.com)
Some of these molecules such as VWF and the granule membrane protein, P-selectin, which is also found in association with dense granules, are synthesized primarily by the platelet precursor cell, the megakaryocyte. (wiley.com)
Platelet factor-4 is a 70-amino acid protein that is released from the alpha-granules of activated platelets and binds with high affinity to heparin. (prospecbio.com)
Corning™ Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta), human natural is a multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation with either stimulatory or inhibitory effects. (fishersci.com)
The PDGFRβ protein is found in the cell membrane of certain cell types, where a protein called platelet-derived growth factor attaches (binds) to it. (medlineplus.gov)

Analysis of gene polymorphism human platelet antigen 1～17 system in Li ethnic group in Hainan. (cnki.com.cn)
No significant differences were found in the gene frequencies of the human platelet antigens in whites in this series and those in published European studies. (elsevier.com)
Platelets are one of the few cell types which have no nucleus, which makes them one of the most ideal cell types for transfusion after gene editing. (portlandpress.com)
Platelets could be one of the safest first-in-human stem cell-derived products for transfusion and provide us with an avenue to safely use gene editing methodology for the advent of new cellular products and medicines. (portlandpress.com)
In humans, Factor XI is encoded by the F11 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike most blood group antigens, which are inherited as products of two alleles (types of gene that occupy the same site on a chromosome), many different alleles can be inherited at each of the HLA loci. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)

A nomenclature was devised by International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT), platelet working party to overcome problems generated by many different nomenclatures in use. (wikipedia.org)

Human Platelet Antigen (HPA) genotyping was performed using the BeadChip assay (BioArray, Immucor). (mdpi.com)

Since inception of this list, a greater number of antigens have been described and the molecular basis of many has been resolved. (wikipedia.org)
The molecular basis of 22 of the 24 serologically defined antigens has been resolved. (wikipedia.org)
Development of the methods of molecular biology has allowed for a more accurate determination of platelet antigens and assessment of the prevalence of particular antigens in the population. (curehunter.com)
Plow EF and Ginsberg MH (1995) Molecular basis of platelet function. (els.net)
PF4 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 91 amino acids (32-101 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 10kDa. (prospecbio.com)
This stems from several platelet characteristics, including their ability to bind infectious agents and secrete many immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as their expression of receptors for various immune effector and regulatory functions, such as TLRs, which allow them to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns. (jimmunol.org)
The cell-associated phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities of the human platelet, neutrophil, and monocyte were simultaneously characterized, utilizing the biochemical differences observed between the 14 kDa (kilodalton), type II PLA2 isolated from inflammatory human synovial joint fluid (HSF) and the arachidonic acid (AA) specific, 85-kDa high molecular mass (HMM) PLA2 isolated from the cytosol of a U937 monocytic cell line. (semanticscholar.org)

The platelet GP IIb/IIIa complex mediates platelet-to-platelet interactions (platelet aggregation). (medscape.com)

Platelet antibodies may be directed to a number of antigenic "targets" carried on platelet cytoplasmic membranes. (labcorp.com)
N. Crawford, K.S. Authi, and N. Hack , Isolation and Characterization of Platelet Membranes Prepared by Free Flow Electrophoresis. (elsevier.com)
J.T. Harmon, N.J. Greco, and G.A. Jamieson , Isolation of Human Platelet Plasma Membranes by Glycerol Lysis. (elsevier.com)
F.H. Valone , Quantitation of Binding of Platelet Activating Factor 1-0-Alkyl-2-acetyl-2-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine to Intact Platelets and Platelet Membranes. (elsevier.com)

Under steady-state conditions, platelets are generated from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow after stimulation with thrombopoietin. (frontiersin.org)
Platelets are traditionally described as cellular fragments derived from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow that circulate and continually assess the vessel endothelium for damage ( 1 ). (jimmunol.org)

These antibodies may be directed toward viral antigens and then cross-react with platelet antigens. (medscape.com)

Rapid and precise diagnosis using reliable platelet serology testing is mandatory to avoid severe clinical consequences for patients. (isbtweb.org)
We provide access to like-minded colleagues active in (diagnostic) laboratory, research and/or clinical settings in all aspects of platelet immunobiology. (isbtweb.org)
Membership is open to all ISBT members actively working in a (diagnostic) laboratory, research, or clinical setting of the field of Platelet Immunobiology. (isbtweb.org)
Not for any clinical, therapeutic, or diagnostic use in humans or animals. (genetex.com)
Kerkhoffs JL, Eikenboom JC, van de Watering LM, van Wordragen-Vlaswinkel RJ, Wijermans PW, Brand A. The clinical impact of platelet refractoriness: correlation with bleeding and survival. (medscape.com)
Clinical and experimental evidence obtained over the last three decades has collectively identified the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis as a major player in human cancer progression. (springer.com)
In humans, the main clinical manifestations of STEC infections are bloody diarrhea and its life-threatening sequela, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). (jimmunol.org)
Historically, glycoprofiling such antigen-specific antibodies in clinical samples has been challenging due to their low prevalence, the high sample requirement for most methods of glycan determination, and the lack of high-throughput purification methods. (deepdyve.com)
New methods of glycoprofiling with lower sample requirements and higher throughput have motivated the development of microscale and automatable methods for purification of antigen-specific antibodies from polyclonal sources such as clinical serum samples. (deepdyve.com)

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A reverse dot blot technique employing polymerase chain reaction‐ amplified genomic DNA was applied in genotyping the five major human platelet antigens in the following populations: 100 African American and 100 white women admitted to the obstetric unit at Johns Hopkins Hospital (Baltimore, MD) and 100 inpatients at Yonsei University (Seoul, Korea). (elsevier.com)
Genotyping of Human Platelet Antigens by BeadChip Microarray Technology. (cdc.gov)

Antibodies to HLA class I antigens and platelet-specific glycoproteins IIb/IIIa, Ib/IX, Ia/IIa, and GP-IV. (labcorp.com)

Platelets that exhibit functional extremes convey a commensurate increased risk for bleeding or thrombosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Platelets play important roles in haemostasis and thrombosis. (els.net)
As we highlight in this platelet-centric review, these glycomic modifications may affect platelet function in arterial thrombosis. (ahajournals.org)

HLA antibodies are implicated in approximately 20% of cases of platelet refractoriness. (transfusion.com.au)

M.H. Fukami , Isolation of Dense Granules from Human Platelets. (elsevier.com)
Three types of secretory organelles are present in platelets: α-granules, dense granules and lysosomes. (wiley.com)
Platelets contain two unique types of granules: alpha granules and dense granules. (medscape.com)

This study aimed to determine whether such an association exists in human immunodeficiency virus -1/ hepatitis C virus -coinfected patients . (bvsalud.org)
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) matched platelets may be required in patients who are at risk of developing, or have developed antibodies to HLA antigens. (transfusion.com.au)
These latter factors account for the majority of platelet transfusion refractoriness [19] , which is altogether prevalent among 15-25% of hematology-oncology patients. (ijbti.com)
14-16 According to the American Society for Hematology practice guideline, routine evaluation for platelet reactive antibodies in the evaluation of ITP is not recommended while testing for HIV and HCV should be considered in all patients with acute ITP. (labcorp.com)
Measure thrombocytopathy in a cohort of 70 Gaucher patients using a set of platelet function tests. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Thus by intersecting both these areas of research, we can produce optimised differentiation systems for the production of universal platelets, thus offering a stable supply of platelets for difficult-to-match patients and providing areas with transmissible disease concerns or an unpredictable supply of platelets with a steady supply of quality-controlled platelet units. (portlandpress.com)
The antigenic target in most patients appears to be the platelet GP IIb/IIIa complex. (medscape.com)
A phage-display library was prepared from mRNA derived from ruptured peripheral human atherosclerotic plaques, and the phages containing immunoreactive peptides were screened with serum from patients with ruptured atherosclerotic lesions. (jci.org)
Factors affecting posttransfusion platelet increments, platelet refractoriness, and platelet transfusion intervals in thrombocytopenic patients. (medscape.com)
Moreover, Stx interact with human neutrophils, as experimentally demonstrated in vitro and as observed in patients with HUS. (jimmunol.org)

Understanding of the features that characterize platelet subpopulations is very relevant for the methods of platelet concentrate production, which may enrich or deplete particular platelet subpopulations. (frontiersin.org)
What are the two methods of platelet product preparation? (brainscape.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms4

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs169

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes29

Information Science3

Health Care1

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmunity: a tale of shadows and suspects. (1/157)

Increased platelet aggregability associated with platelet GPIIIa PlA2 polymorphism: the Framingham Offspring Study. (2/157)

Construction of a human platelet alloantigen-1a epitope(s) within murine glycoprotein IIIa: identification of residues critical to the conformation of the antibody binding site(s). (3/157)

Perinatal management of fetal hemolytic disease due to Rh incompatibility combined with fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia due to HPA-5b incompatibility. (4/157)

Association of the platelet glycoprotein IIb HPA-3 polymorphism with survival after acute ischemic stroke. (5/157)

A point mutation Thr(799)Met on the alpha(2) integrin leads to the formation of new human platelet alloantigen Sit(a) and affects collagen-induced aggregation. (6/157)

Threonine-145/methionine-145 variants of baculovirus produced recombinant ligand binding domain of GPIbalpha express HPA-2 epitopes and show equal binding of von Willebrand factor. (7/157)

Requirement of leucine-rich repeats of glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha for shear-dependent and static binding of von Willebrand factor to the platelet membrane GP Ib-IX-V complex. (8/157)

Blood Platelets

Platelet Aggregation

Antigens

Platelet Adhesiveness

Platelet Count

Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins

Thrombin

Antigens, Human Platelet

Platelet Factor 4

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, Surface

Adenosine Diphosphate

Platelet Activation

Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex

Platelet Transfusion

Platelet Activating Factor

Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex

Antigens, Viral

Platelet Function Tests

Thromboxane A2

Fibrinogen

Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Megakaryocytes

Antigens, Protozoan

Antigens, CD

Serotonin

HLA Antigens

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Collagen

P-Selectin

Calcium

Receptors, Thromboxane

Antigens, Fungal

Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12

Thrombocytopenia

von Willebrand Factor

Bleeding Time

Antigens, Helminth

Aspirin

Kinetics

H-2 Antigens

Molecular Sequence Data

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid

Prostaglandins H

Receptors, Thrombin

Thrombosis

Arachidonic Acids

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Weight

Thromboxanes

Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb

Epinephrine

Cell Membrane

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Alprostadil

Platelet Factor 3

Blood Proteins

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

Epitopes

Cytoplasmic Granules

Rabbits

Blood Coagulation Factors

Thrombasthenia

Phosphatidylinositols

HLA-DR Antigens

Blood Coagulation

Arachidonic Acid

Immunoglobulin G

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Epoprostenol

Hemostasis

Histocompatibility Antigens

Ristocetin

Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2

Crotalid Venoms

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen