Antigens fungal. Medical search

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.

Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.

Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reacting antigens found in phylogenetically unrelated species.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

A sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

An inhibitory T CELL receptor that is closely related to CD28 ANTIGEN. It has specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain transport to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. It is expressed almost exclusively in B-LYMPHOCYTES and serves as a useful marker for B-cell NEOPLASMS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Sialylated Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigen found in many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, especially pancreatic tumors.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

A group of dominantly and independently inherited antigens associated with the ABO blood factors. They are glycolipids present in plasma and secretions that may adhere to the erythrocytes. The phenotype Le(b) is the result of the interaction of the Le gene Le(a) with the genes for the ABO blood groups.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A CELL CYCLE and tumor growth marker which can be readily detected using IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY methods. Ki-67 is a nuclear antigen present only in the nuclei of cycling cells.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.

Antigens which may directly stimulate B lymphocytes without the cooperation of T lymphocytes.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Glycoprotein members of the immunoglobulin superfamily which participate in T-cell adhesion and activation. They are expressed on most peripheral T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and thymocytes, and function as co-receptors or accessory molecules in the T-cell receptor complex.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

A closely related group of antigens found in the plasma only during the infective phase of hepatitis B or in virulent chronic hepatitis B, probably indicating active virus replication; there are three subtypes which may exist in a complex with immunoglobulins G.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Costimulatory T-LYMPHOCYTE receptors that have specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN. Activation of this receptor results in increased T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

Carbohydrate antigen most commonly seen in tumors of the ovary and occasionally seen in breast, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract tumors and normal tissue. CA 125 is clearly tumor-associated but not tumor-specific.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Immunologically detectable substances found in the CELL NUCLEUS.

Allelic alloantigens often responsible for weak graft rejection in cases when (major) histocompatibility has been established by standard tests. In the mouse they are coded by more than 500 genes at up to 30 minor histocompatibility loci. The most well-known minor histocompatibility antigen in mammals is the H-Y antigen.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*27 allele family.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Antigens produced by various strains of HEPATITIS D VIRUS.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) antigens encoded by a small cluster of structural genes at the C locus on chromosome 6. They have significantly lower immunogenicity than the HLA-A and -B determinants and are therefore of minor importance in donor/recipient crossmatching. Their primary role is their high-risk association with certain disease manifestations (e.g., spondylarthritis, psoriasis, multiple myeloma).

Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. CD58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2; (ANTIGENS, CD2); and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation.

A major histocompatibily complex class I-like protein that plays a unique role in the presentation of lipid ANTIGENS to NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*01 allele family.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*07 allele family.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

An HLA-DR antigen which is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*04 alleles.

An HLA-DR antigen which is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*03 alleles.

The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily found on most T-LYMPHOCYTES. Activation of the receptor by CD70 ANTIGEN results in the increased proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele family.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated gamma and delta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4-/CD8- T-cells. The receptors appear to be preferentially located in epithelial sites and probably play a role in the recognition of bacterial antigens. The T-cell receptor gamma/delta chains are separate and not related to the gamma and delta chains which are subunits of CD3 (see ANTIGENS, CD3).

Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential hematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

A HLA-DR antigen that is associated with HLA-DRB1 CHAINS encoded by DRB1*07 alleles.

Antigens from any of the hepatitis viruses including surface, core, and other associated antigens.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*03 allele family.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

An integrin alpha subunit of approximately 150-kDa molecular weight. It is expressed at high levels on monocytes and combines with CD18 ANTIGEN to form the cell surface receptor INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2. The subunit contains a conserved I-domain which is characteristic of several of alpha integrins.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

The demonstration of the cytotoxic effect on a target cell of a lymphocyte, a mediator released by a sensitized lymphocyte, an antibody, or complement.

Genetic loci in the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex that encode polymorphic products which control the immune response to specific antigens. The genes are found in the HLA-D region in humans and in the I region in mice.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Class I-restricted activation of CD8-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES resulting from ANTIGEN PRESENTATION of exogenous ANTIGENS (cross-presentation). This is in contrast to normal activation of these lymphocytes (direct-priming) which results from presentation of endogenous antigens.

A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*44 allele family.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Mushroom worker's lung resulting from indoor cultivation of Pleurotus osteatus. (1/1360)

Indoor cultivation of oyster mushroom Pleurotus osteatus lead to an outbreak of extrinsic allergic alveolitis in two workers. High titer of indirect fluorescent antibody and positive precipitins against basidiospores of P. osteatus were demonstrated in sera of the patients. Mushroom workers should protect themselves from the basidiospores, being aware of their pathogenicity. (+info)

Variants of a Cryptococcus neoformans strain elicit different inflammatory responses in mice. (2/1360)

The virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates with high and low extracellular proteolytic activity was investigated in mice. No consistent relationship between proteolytic activity and virulence was observed, but isolates derived from one strain were shown to elicit different inflammatory responses. (+info)

Detection of cell wall mannoprotein Mp1p in culture supernatants of Penicillium marneffei and in sera of penicilliosis patients. (3/1360)

Mannoproteins are important and abundant structural components of fungal cell walls. The MP1 gene encodes a cell wall mannoprotein of the pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei. In the present study, we show that Mp1p is secreted into the cell culture supernatant at a level that can be detected by Western blotting. A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed with antibodies against Mp1p was capable of detecting this protein from the cell culture supernatant of P. marneffei at 10(4) cells/ml. The anti-Mp1p antibody is specific since it fails to react with any protein-form lysates of Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, or Cryptococcus neoformans by Western blotting. In addition, this Mp1p antigen-based ELISA is also specific for P. marneffei since the cell culture supernatants of the other three fungi gave negative results. Finally, a clinical evaluation of sera from penicilliosis patients indicates that 17 of 26 (65%) patients are Mp1p antigen test positive. Furthermore, a Mp1p antibody test was performed with these serum specimens. The combined antibody and antigen tests for P. marneffei carry a sensitive of 88% (23 of 26), with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 96%. The specificities of the tests are high since none of the 85 control sera was positive by either test. (+info)

Aspergillus meningitis: diagnosis by non-culture-based microbiological methods and management. (4/1360)

The performance of antibody detection, antigen detection, and Aspergillus genus-specific PCR for diagnosing Aspergillus meningitis was investigated with 26 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from a single patient with proven infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Immunoglobulin G antibodies directed against Aspergillus were not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in CSF or serum. The antigen galactomannan was detected in the CSF 45 days before a culture became positive, and Aspergillus DNA was detected 4 days prior to culture. Decline of the galactomannan antigen titer in the CSF during treatment with intravenous and intraventricular amphotericin B and intravenous voriconazole corresponded with the clinical response to treatment. (+info)

Production of specific monoclonal antibodies to Aspergillus species and their use in immunohistochemical identification of aspergillosis. (5/1360)

Two anti-Aspergillus murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), designated 164G and 611F, have been produced; both specifically recognize cytoplasmic antigens of A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MAbs can identify Aspergillus spp. both in frozen sections by immunofluorescence and in paraffin-embedded clinical specimens by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining. (+info)

Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of the M antigen of Histoplasma capsulatum. (6/1360)

The major diagnostic antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum are the H and M antigens, pluripotent glycoproteins that elicit both humoral and T-cell-mediated immune responses. These antigens may play a role in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis. M antigen is considered immunodominant because antibodies against it are the first precipitins to arise in acute histoplasmosis and are commonly present during all phases of infection. The biological activity of monomolecular M antigen and its ability to elicit a protective immune response to H. capsulatum are largely unknown. A molecular approach was used to identify the biological nature of M antigen, including its purification from histoplasmin, partial digestion with proteinases, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to separate the released peptides. The amino acid sequences of the purified peptides were obtained by Edman degradation, and using degenerate oligonucleotide primers for PCR, a 321-bp fragment of the gene encoding the M antigen was amplified from genomic H. capsulatum DNA. This fragment was used to screen an H. capsulatum genomic DNA library, leading to the isolation, cloning, and sequencing of the full-length gene. The M gene consists of 2, 187-bp DNA encoding a protein of 80,719 Da, which has significant homology to catalases from Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Eimericella nidulans. A cDNA was generated by reverse transcription-PCR and cloned into the expression vector pQE40. The identity of the cloned, expressed protein was confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant fusion protein was immunoreactive with monoclonal antibodies raised against M antigen, with polyclonal mouse anti-M antiserum, and with a serum sample from a patient with histoplasmosis. The gene encoding the major immunodominant M antigen of H. capsulatum is a presumptive catalase, and the recombinant protein retains serodiagnostic activity. (+info)

Two-dimensional electrophoresis of Malassezia allergens for atopic dermatitis and isolation of Mal f 4 homologs with mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. (7/1360)

The yeast Malassezia furfur is a natural inhabitant of the human skin microflora that induces an allergic reaction in atopic dermatitis. To identify allergens of M. furfur, we separated a crude preparation of M. furfur antigens as discrete spots by 2-D PAGE and detected IgE-binding proteins using sera of atopic dermatitis patients. We identified the known allergens, Mal f 2 and Mal f 3, and determined N-terminal amino acid sequences of six new IgE-binding proteins including Mal f 4. The cDNA and genomic DNA encoding Mal f 4 were cloned and sequenced. The gene was mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and encoded Mal f 4 composed of 315 amino acids and a signal sequence of 27 amino acids. We purified Mal f 4, which had a molecular mass of 35 kDa from a membrane fraction of a lysate of cultured cells. Thirty of 36 M. furfur-allergic atopic dermatitis patients (83.3%) had elevated serum levels of IgE to purified Mal f 4, indicating that Mal f 4 is a major allergen. There was a significant correlation of the Phadebas RAST unit values of Mal f 4 and the crude antigen, but not between Mal f 4 and the known allergen Mal f 2. (+info)

Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as a major target of the antibody response in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (8/1360)

Cryptococcus neoformans causes infection in individuals with defective T cell function, such as AIDS, as well as without underlying disease. It has been suggested that humoral as well as cellular immunity might play an important role in the immune response to C. neoformans infection. We have recently shown, using immunoblotting, that the 70-kD hsp family of C. neoformans was the major target molecule of the humoral response in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis. In this study we also used immunoblotting to define the antibody responses in the sera of 24 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis: 21 proven and three suspected diagnoses. Anti-C. neoformans hsp70 antibody was detected in 16 of 24 (66.7%) patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. Fourteen of 17 (82.3%) patients with high antigen titres (> or = 1:8) and two of seven (28.6%) patients with low titres (< or = 1:4) had detectable levels of anti-hsp70 antibody. Sera from patients positive for anti-hsp70 antibody showed high titres in the Eiken latex agglutination test for the detection of serum cryptococcal antigen. Our results indicate that the 70-kD hsp family from C. neoformans appears to be a major target molecule of the humoral response, not only in murine pulmonary cryptococcosis, but also in human patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (+info)

"Fungal Antigens - Isolation, Purification and Detection" which was conceived after a symposium on fungal antigens. The book ... He extensively studied the serum of fungal antigens such as fluconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin-B, fluorocytosin, and ... Fungal Antigens: Isolation, Purification, and Detection. Springer Science & Business Media. Drouhet, E., & Dupont, B. (1990). ... Towards the end of his career, he was able to publish and share his identification of a new thermally dimorphic fungal species ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edouard_Drouhet

Supplementing these classical methods is the detection of antigens. This technique is significantly faster but can be less ... Fungal Pneumonia: a silent epidemic , CDC PDF www.cdc.gov/fungal/pdf/cocci-fact-sheet-sw-us-508c.pdf Morrell M, Fraser VJ, ... Denning, D (September 2008). "Webinar on fungal diagnostics" (PDF). Media related to Fungal pneumonia at Wikimedia Commons ... though immunocompetent patients generally respond well to anti-fungal therapy. Fungal pneumonia can present similarly to that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_pneumonia

Symptoms manifest from inflammatory reactions due to the fungal antigens. The rapid turnover of desquamation, or skin peeling, ... A fungal culture is also used when long-term oral therapy is being considered. Fungal culture medium can be used for positive ... Some studies also suggest that a class of proteins called LysM coat the fungal cell walls to help the fungi evade host cell ... Should there be an outbreak or if a patient is not responding well to therapy, sometimes a fungal culture is indicated. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermatophyte

The fungal toxin fumitremorgin C (FTC) inhibits the protein but has neurotoxic side effects. A synthetic tetracyclic analog of ... The protein also carries the Jr(a) antigen, which defines the Junior blood group system. It is inhibited by some calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG2

... it is one of the main fungal causes of asthma and hay fever in the Western Hemisphere. More than 60 antigens derived from C. ... Most of these antigens are proteins found inside cells, and eight of these antigens are members of the World Health ... It is efficiently distributed in the air, where it exists as the most frequently occurring fungal species. It can grow over a ... ISBN 978-90-70351-43-4. Horner, W.E.; Helbling, A.; Salvaggio, J.E.; Lehrer, S.B. (1995). "Fungal allergens". Clin Microbiol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladosporium_herbarum

Histology reveals wide but thin-walled fungal filaments with branching at right-angles. There are only a few septae. The fungus ... An immunoallergic reaction might be observed, where a local antigen-antibody reaction causes eosinophils and hyaline material ... Conidiobolomycosis is a rare long-term fungal infection that is typically found just under the skin of the nose, sinuses, ... Das SK, Das C, Maity AB, Maiti PK, Hazra TK, Bandyopadhyay SN (November 2019). "Conidiobolomycosis: An Unusual Fungal Disease- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conidiobolomycosis

"Calnexin induces expansion of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells that confer immunity to fungal ascomycetes via conserved epitopes ... Antigen specific Th17 cells were also shown to recognize conserved protein antigens among different K. pneumoniae strains and ... In fungal infection, it has been shown an IL-17 producing clone with a TCR specific for calnexin from Blastomyces dermatitidis ... Antigen specific CD4 T cells also limit nasopharyngeal colonization of S. pneumoniae in mouse models. Furthermore, immunization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL17A

A skin test uses an antigen generated from laboratory grown S. schenckii to challenge the patient's immune system. The antigen ... These proteases appear to be essential for fungal growth. However, they have some functional overlap as the inactivation of ... The specific antigen used in skin testing is not standardized with multiple studies being conducted with widely varying ... In addition, the term "sporotrichin" does not indicate a specific molecule but only any antigen derived from S. schenckii. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporothrix_schenckii

Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Animal fungal diseases, Fungal diseases). ... An antigen assay has been developed to detect a key virulence factor Mp1p that has been shown to have a high specificity for ... Talaromycosis is a fungal infection that presents with painless skin lesions of face and neck, fever, anaemia, large lymph ... "Talaromycosis (formerly Penicilliosis) , Fungal Diseases , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 3 March 2021. Archived from the original on 12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaromycosis

It has been suggested that absorption of trichophyton fungal antigens can give rise to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody ... of the population has allergic antibodies to fungal antigens, and half of them, that is 5% of the population, would be ... Trichophyton rubrum is the most common fungal cause of nail dystrophy. Studies conducted in England found that the prevalence ... In 1975, a dermatophyte fungal infection was described in a patient with severe tinea. The resulting treatment for mycosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_human_nail_dust

However, commercial antigen tests have a high degree of cross-reactivity with other endemic fungal conditions such as ... Animal fungal diseases, Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions, Fungal diseases). ... Fungal organisms difficult to recognize at this low magnification. Large yeast-like fungi seen within giant cells at arrows. ... Commercially available urine antigen testing appears to be quite sensitive in suggesting the diagnosis in cases where the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastomycosis

These fungal lectins are Corprinopsis cinerea lectins - CCL2, CGL2; Aleuria aurantia lectin - AAL; and Marasmius oreades ... Some of these glycan structures might represent antigens which are not exposed to host immune system, and thus have potential ... "Inhibition of Haemonchus contortus larval development by fungal lectins". Parasites & Vectors. 8: 425. doi:10.1186/s13071-015- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemonchus_contortus

... known as their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. Bone marrow transplants require a complete match on six key antigens, which ... and bacterial and fungal growth.[citation needed] After the collection, the cord blood unit is shipped to the lab and processed ... It will also be examined for nucleated cell count, cell viability, blood group antigen ABO & Rh blood group system, molecule ... and tissue typing to determine Human Leukocyte Antigen type. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cord_blood_bank

Fungi Imperfecti) diagnostic antigen diploid Diploid (2x) cells have two copies (homologs) of each chromosome, usually one from ... It is distinguished from a stroma in not having a peridium or covering of fungal tissue of any kind. acid precipitation acid ... anastomoses) anthracnoes antibiotic antibody antigen antiseptic apothecium The apothecium is an open, cuplike, or saucer-shaped ... sexual fungal fruiting body (ascocarp) containing asci. antiseptic appressorium (pl. appressoria) arbuscular mycorrhiza (abbr. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_phytopathology

August 2006). "Card9 controls a non-TLR signalling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity". Nature. 442 (7103): 651-6. Bibcode ... and B-cell antigen receptor signaling, which results in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Weak (hypomorphic) mutations ... which causes enhanced susceptibility to fungal infections. Strong loss-of-function mutations in CARD11 cause severe defects in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARD-CC_family

... is used with seven antigens of bacterial or fungal origin (tetanus toxoid, tuberculin, diphtheria, streptococcus, candida, ... Thus when an antigen is properly presented to the T lymphocytes by an antigen presenting cell (APC), which displays the antigen ... However, when T cells interacts with an antigen not presented by the APCs, that is very probably not the antigen that an immune ... usually a self-antigen. Lymphocytes are said to be anergic when they fail to respond to their specific antigen. Anergy is one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonal_anergy

Left untreated, the immune system and fungal spores can damage sensitive lung tissues and lead to scarring. The exact criteria ... The first stage involves exposing the skin to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens; an immediate reaction is hallmark of ABPA. The ... Dockrell, David H.; McGrath, Emmet E.; Whyte, Moria K.B.; Sabroe, Ian (2007). "The Neutrophil". Immunology of Fungal Infections ... The antifungal aspect aims to reduce fungal causes of bronchial inflammation, whilst also minimising the dose of corticosteroid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergic_bronchopulmonary_aspergillosis

... virological or p24 antigen positive test if aged under 18 months. Asymptomatic Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy ... pruritic eruptions Seborrhoeic dermatitis Extensive human papilloma virus infection Extensive molluscum contagiosum Fungal nail ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHO_Disease_Staging_System_for_HIV_Infection_and_Disease_in_Children

A. kalrae secretes antigens with haemolytic and cytotoxic activity. Additionally, scientists use mice as animal model to study ... PV, Chin-Hong (2001). "Invasive fungal sinusitis and meningitis due to Arthrographis kalrae in a patient with AIDS". J. Clin. ... Based on the statistics, the number of immunocompromised individuals and the incidence of fungal infection outbreaks increases ... DE, Corzo-Leon (2015). "Epidemiology and outcomes of invasive fungal infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrographis_kalrae

An indirect demonstration of fungal infection can be achieved also by serologic analysis detecting fungal antigen or host IgM ... Animal fungal diseases, Neglected American diseases, Fungal diseases). ... The fungal infection can be demonstrated by microscopic detection of diagnostic cells in body fluids, exudates, sputum and ... "CDC". Fungal diseases: valley fever. CDC. July 20, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2015. Hector, Richard F.; Rutherford, George W ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccidioidomycosis

Observations of children noted that fungal infections are more likely to develop in those with neutropenia. Mortality increases ... the sensitization to self-antigens The pathophysiology of neutropenia can be divided into congenital and acquired. The ... These are: Bacterial or fungal sepsis Necrotizing enterocolitis, circulating neutrophil population depleted due to migration ... good dental hygiene and avoiding highly contaminated sources that may contain a large fungal reservoirs such as mulch, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutropenia

AGEP is often caused by antimicrobial, anti-fungal or antimalarial drugs. Diagnosis is often carried out by patch testing. This ... Fixed drug reaction List of cutaneous conditions List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_eruption

CD4 antigen - CD45 antigen - CD95 antigen - CDC28 protein kinase - cell - cell adhesion molecule - cell biology - cell cycle ... fungal protein - fungi - fusion oncogene protein G protein - G protein-coupled receptor - G3P - GABA - GABA receptor - GABA-A ... T-cell antigen receptors - tachykinin - tachykinin receptor - talin protein - tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - ... carcinoembryonic antigen - carrier - carrier protein - CAS registry number - casein - catabolism - catalyst - catalytic domain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

... most likely due to the highly specific recognition of the antigen by the antibody used, makes them attractive for the ... Fungal ribotoxins are a group of extracellular ribonucleases (RNases) secreted by fungi. Their most notable characteristic is ... The structural arrangement is very similar to that of other extracellular fungal RNases, which are not toxic, and constitute a ... Ribotoxins cleave RNA following a general acid-base mechanism shared by all the extracellular fungal RNases so far ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_ribotoxin

... fungal and suberin antigen testing, immediate hypersensitivity specific skin tests, and specific bronchial challenge tests can ... Avoidance of antigen exposure is beneficial. Vinte-e-Um Mendes first reported respiratory disease in Portuguese cork workers in ... Obtaining a history of antigen exposure and asking about symptoms (e.g. dyspnea, cough) can also be useful. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suberosis

Konrad A, Rütten C, Flogerzi B, Styner M, Göke B, Seibold F (2004). "Immune sensitization to yeast antigens in ASCA-positive ... Experimental studies show that chemically-induced colitis promotes opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans ... Sander U, Kunze I, Bröker M, Kunze G (1998). "Humoral immune response to a 200-kDa glycoprotein antigen of Saccharomyces ... Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCAs) are antibodies against antigens presented by the cell wall of the yeast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti–Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_antibody

Like ILC2, ILC 3 can express MHC II and be appropriating the function of antigen presenting cells. However, ILCs lack the ... ILC3 cells have in recent years also been linked to immune responses to fungal pathogen Candida albicans. This opportunistic ... and a subset of ILC3 cells has also been recently observed to have potent antigen presenting properties. ILC3s contribute in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_3_innate_lymphoid_cells

One case also reported the absence of CD1, a MHC-like glycoprotein involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells, ... In addition to IPEX-like symptoms, CD25 deficiency increases susceptibility to viral infections and possibly fungal and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD25_deficiency

The HLA-DPB1 gene is important for MHC class II molecule function on antigen presenting cells. According to the International ... The differential diagnosis for berylliosis includes: Sarcoidosis Granulomatous lung diseases Tuberculosis Fungal infections (e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berylliosis

... because the ability to produce antibodies against fungal proteins is critical in minimizing fungal pathogenicity and C. ... Even if an individual is immunocompetent, they may be at risk if they carry the HLA-A29 antigen, since its presence may ... Liu, Dongyou (2011). Molecular Detection of Human Fungal Pathogens. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439812402. Reiss, Errol; Shadomy, H. ... carrionii contributes to pathogenicity because it strengthens the fungal cell wall and can neutralize the enzymes produced in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladophialophora_carrionii

... and EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2) from Epstein-Barr virus, the large T antigen of Polyomavirus, the E7 protein of Human ... recent information demonstrates the importance of Type III IFNs in some types of virus or fungal infections. In general, type I ... Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) also significantly stimulates the MHC II-dependent presentation of antigens. Higher MHC I ... All interferons significantly enhance the presentation of MHC I dependent antigens. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

Global fungal diseases > Preventing Deaths from Histoplasmosis. Untereiner, W.A.; Scott, J.A.; Naveau, F.A.; Bachewich, J. ( ... In some areas, such as Kansas City, skin testing with the histoplasmin antigen preparation shows that 80-90% of the resident ... Erythematous skin conditions arising from antigen reactions may complicate the disease, as may myalgias, arthralgias, and ... "Phylogeography of the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum". Molecular Ecology. 12 (12): 3383-401. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoplasma_capsulatum

"Definition of Aspergillosis , Aspergillosis , Types of Fungal Diseases , Fungal Diseases , CDC". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2017-05 ... Impairment of the cell-mediated response to vaccine antigen and modulation of cytokine expression". Toxicology and Applied ... "Aspergillus flavus :: Center for Integrated Fungal Research". www.cifr.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2017-05-08. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

Animal fungal diseases, Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions, Oral mucosal pathology, Fungal diseases). ... in persons with blood group O and in non-secretors of blood group antigens in saliva. Increased rates of Candida carriage are ... In humans, oral candidiasis is the most common form of candidiasis, by far the most common fungal infection of the mouth, and ... That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

PRRs also mediate the initiation of antigen-specific adaptive immune response and release of inflammatory cytokines. The ... lipoproteins and fungal glucans and chitin. Endogenous stress signals are called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) ... Tissue Antigens. 68 (3): 193-209. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00649.x. PMC 7169806. PMID 16948640. Bahar O, Pruitt R, Luu DD, ... Blood DC antigen 2 (BDCA2) ( CLEC4C), and Mincle i.e. macrophage‑inducible C‑type lectin (CLEC4E). The nomenclature (mannose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

Related proteins are found in bacterial plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, the fungal endosymbiont Burkholderia rhizoxinica ... which serve to recognize either DNA major grooves or antigens. Usually found in immunoglobulin proteins, they are also present ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-binding_domain

... system List of spiders associated with cutaneous reactions List of target antigens in pemphigoid List of target antigens in ... often classified as fungal) Portuguese man-of-war dermatitis Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (post-kala-azar dermatosis) ... Distal subungual onychomycosis Entomophthoromycosis Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica Favus Fungal folliculitis (majocchi ... cutaneous lesions List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions List of human leukocyte antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

These cells bind antigens presented on MHC I complex of virus-infected or tumour cells and kill them. Nearly all nucleated ... They defend against bacterial or fungal infection. They are usually first responders to microbial infection; their activity and ... Basophils are chiefly responsible for allergic and antigen response by releasing the chemical histamine causing the dilation of ... Histiocytes Dendritic cells (Although these will often migrate to local lymph nodes upon ingesting antigens) Mast cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cell

LL-37 has also been found to be a common auto-antigen in psoriasis; T-cells specific to LL-37 were found in the blood and skin ... Antimicrobial effects have been observed against fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. Cathelicidins rapidly destroy the ... These complexes stimulate dendritic cells (a type of antigen presenting cell) which then release interferon α and β which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathelicidin

The tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen (usually a protein or ... Bacterial infections are treated with antibacterials (often called antibiotics) whereas fungal and viral infections are treated ... Using a similar basis as described above, immunoassays can detect or measure antigens from either infectious agents or the ... Parasitic Malaria Giardia lamblia Toxoplasma gondii Fungal Candida Histoplasmosis Dandruff Infections may be caused by bacteria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology

... fungal mating types, fungal vegetative incompatibility, plant self-incompatibility systems, colonial marine invertebrates (such ... It manifests itself in the recognition of antigens expressed on the surface of cells of non-self origin. Allorecognition has ... Fraser JA, Heitman J (2004). "Evolution of fungal sex chromosomes". Molecular Microbiology. 51 (2): 299-306. CiteSeerX 10.1. ... fungal mycelia) and even among organisms that have evolved physical integuments representing a first line of defense against ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allorecognition

... see Antigen presentation). In subsequent mosquito bites, IgE and IgG appear involved in the development of both immediate and ... fungal, and parasitic infections; and insect bites. Mosquitoes trigger mosquito bite allergies in individuals with eosinophilic ... and/or pathological reactions to foreign antigens which predispose individuals to developing these reactions. Eosinophilic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_bite_allergy

... inflammation and defects in antigen clearance; during initial HAART immune recovery, with pro-inflammatory signaling by antigen ... Steroids given to persons with anti-fungal treatment failure / cryptococcal relapse (in whom CSF cultures are not sterile) can ... CSF culture is typically sterile, and there is no increase in CSF cryptococcal antigen titer. The increasing inflammation can ... In either scenario, there is hypothesized reconstitution of antigen-specific T cell-mediated immunity with activation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_reconstitution_inflammatory_syndrome

These cells also have a limited ability to participate in phagocytosis, they are professional antigen-presenting cells, they ... suggests giving granulocyte transfusions to prevent infections decreased the number of people who had a bacterial or fungal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte

A telltale sign of X-SCID is candidiasis, a type of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans. Candidiasis involves moist ... TRECs are composed of excised DNA fragments which are generated during normal splicing of T-cell surface antigen receptors and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_severe_combined_immunodeficiency

They (or their precursors or components) are isolated from living sources-human, animal, plant, fungal, or microbial. They can ... Hepatitis B surface antigen) Monoclonal antibodies (Various) Additional products (tumour necrosis factor, therapeutic enzymes) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopharmaceutical

Specific immune functions effected by this process are cytokinesis, migration, phagocytosis, antigen processing and presenting ... on neonates 3Preservative free formulation Methylprednisolone should not be taken orally by people who have systemic fungal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylprednisolone

Nasrallah, M. E.; Wallace, D. H. (1967). "Immunochemical Detection of Antigens in Self-incompatibility Genotypes of Cabbage". ... where her doctoral research focused on the characterization of Neurospora genes involved in fungal reproduction. Nasrallah, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Nasrallah

Fungal prions have helped to suggest mechanisms of conversion that may apply to all prions, though fungal prions appear ... His third hypothesis proposed that the agent could be an antibody if the antibody was its own target antigen, as such an ... Fungal prions do not appear to cause disease in their hosts. In yeast, protein refolding to the prion configuration is assisted ... Research into fungal prions has given strong support to the protein-only concept, since purified protein extracted from cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion

ELISA works by using antibodies that are specific for a particular virus and the antibody-antigen interaction is mediated by a ... Symptoms for BSMV are similar to barley stripe disease, a fungal disease caused by Pyrenophora graminea, though the two are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley_stripe_mosaic_virus

September 2013). "Genotyping of human neutrophil antigens (HNA) from whole genome sequencing data". BMC Medical Genomics. 6 (1 ... "Phagocytosis by human neutrophils is stimulated by a unique fungal cell wall component". Cell Host & Microbe. 2 (1): 55-67. doi ... they change shape and become more amorphous or amoeba-like and can extend pseudopods as they hunt for antigens. In 1973, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil

... antigen, b-cell MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.950.500 - antigens, cd79 MeSH D12.776.377.715.647.100 - alpha-macroglobulins See List ... fungal MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.185 - antibodies, helminth MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.191 - antibodies, heterophile MeSH ... antigen-antibody complex MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.301 - antitoxins MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.301.138 - antivenins MeSH ... antigens, polyomavirus transforming MeSH D12.776.624.664.520.420 - papillomavirus e7 proteins MeSH D12.776.624.664.520.750 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776)

Honeybee colonies are also able to induce a fever in response to a fungal parasite Ascosphaera apis. Axelrod YK, Diringer MN ( ... often in the presence of an antigen, leading to a fever. Whilst they can be a product of external factors like exogenous ... C higher than normal in order to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium acridum. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fever

Thompson, Cheryl (8 July 2014). "FDA Approves Boron-based Drug to Treat Toenail Fungal Infections". ashp. Archived from the ... PET and Fluorescence Imaging Agent Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen: First-in-Human Study". Clinical Genitourinary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron

Fungal sepsis accounts for approximately 5% of severe sepsis and septic shock cases; the most common cause of fungal sepsis is ... Upon detection of microbial antigens, the host systemic immune system is activated. Immune cells not only recognise pathogen- ... If fungal infection is suspected, an echinocandin, such as caspofungin or micafungin, is chosen for people with severe sepsis, ... Infections leading to sepsis are usually bacterial but may be fungal, parasitic or viral. Gram-positive bacteria were the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis

These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or ... "Types of Fungal Diseases". www.cdc.gov. 2019-06-27. Retrieved 2019-12-09. Mada, Pradeep Kumar; Jamil, Radia T.; Alam, Mohammed ... Signal of unknowns can be compared to that of standards allowing quantitation of the target antigen. To aid in the diagnosis of ... For example, "Strep throat" is often diagnosed within minutes, and is based on the appearance of antigens made by the causative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

Grunewald J, Eklund A, Olerup O (March 2004). "Human leukocyte antigen class I alleles and the disease course in sarcoidosis ... such as the mycobacterial and fungal disorders. Chest radiograph changes are divided into four stages: bihilar lymphadenopathy ... their immune system rebounds and the result is that it starts to attack the antigens of opportunistic infections caught prior ... as other tuberculoid and fungal diseases extremely rarely present histologically in this muscle. Cardiac magnetic resonance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoidosis

More commonly, fungal serology (eg, presence of histoplasma antigen in the CSF) is used in the diagnosis of many cases of ... A test used to detect fungal infection in the blood was successfully used in the diagnosis of fungal meningitis in an outbreak ... Cultures and Bacterial Antigen Testing. Obtaining cultures before instituting antibiotics may be helpful if the diagnosis is ... The Binax NOW S pneumoniae antigen test, if done on CSF, has a 99% to 100% sensitivity and specificity and can even be positive ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/232915-10863/is-neuroimaging-ct-scanning-mri-used-in-the-diagnosis-of-meningitis

Antigen detection: Can be used on CSF or serum. Particularly useful for rapid detection of early, asymptomatic cryptococcal ... Target Genes, Primer Sets, and Thermocycler Settings for Fungal DNA Amplification. *Anamorph and Teleomorph Names for Candida ... Some people may also need surgery to remove fungal growths (cryptococcomas).. Please see the Infectious Diseases Society of ...

https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/cryptococcosis-neoformans/health-professionals.html

Quantitative CSF Fungal Culture. The fungal culture procedure in 2006-2009 used 10 µL of CSF cultured on Sabouraud dextrose ... Jarvis JN, Percival A, Bauman S, Pelfrey J, Meintjes G, Williams GN, Evaluation of a novel point-of-care cryptococcal antigen ... Bicanic T, Meintjes G, Wood R, Hayes M, Rebe K, Bekker LG, Fungal burden, early fungicidal activity, and outcome in ... McMullan BJ, Halliday C, Sorrell TC, Judd D, Sleiman S, Marriott D, Clinical utility of the cryptococcal antigen lateral flow ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/13-0906

Cell-biology; Antigens; Fungi; Fungal-diseases; Fungal-infections; Allergens; Allergic-reactions; Pulmonary-system-disorders; ... There is growing concern about die adverse health effects of exposure to fungal bio-aerosols. The saprophytic fungus ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=aerosol+or+aerosols&f1=TI&s2=&PageNo=198&RecNo=1975&View=f&

Reactivity to bacterial, fungal, and parasite antigens in patients with lymphedema and elephantiasis. ... Longitudinal study of natural immune responses to the Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen (AMA-1) in a holoendemic ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/search?access=user&f_0=author&q_0=J+M+Roberts&print

Novel mouse monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing β-(1→3)-D-glucan antigen. ... β-(1→3)-D-Glucan is an essential component of the fungal cell wall. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against synthetic nona-β ... Novel mouse monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing β-(1→3)-D-glucan antigen. ...

http://olmdiagnostics.com/1970/01/01/novel-mouse-monoclonal-antibodies-specifically-recognizing-%CE%B2-1%E2%86%923-d-glucan-antigen/

Other names: potassium hydroxide preparation, fungal culture; fungal antigen and antibody tests, calcofluor white stain, fungal ... During a fungal culture test, the cells in your sample are sent to a lab to grow until there are enough cells to test. Results ... If your provider thinks you may have an invasive yeast infection in your blood or organs, you may have a fungal culture test or ... If there are not enough cells in the sample to find an infection, you may need a fungal culture test. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/yeast-infection-tests/

Categories: Antigens, Fungal Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 14 ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Antigens,+Fungal&parentid=3141&catid=3149

Reactivity to bacterial, fungal, and parasite antigens in patients with lymphedema and elephantiasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 ... Circulating filarial antigen detection in brugian filariasis. Parasitology. 2015 Dec 9. 1-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Laboratory and field evaluation of a new rapid test for detecting Wuchereria bancrofti antigen in human blood. Am J Trop Med ... Development and evaluation of an antigen detection dipstick assay for the diagnosis of human onchocerciasis. Trop Med Int ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/217776-clinical

The mean absorbance values when the lysate antigens were compared with respect to their ability to detect antibody in the day 0 ... We continue to evaluate antigens for B. derma-titidis antibody detection in different immunodiagnostic assays. ... dermatitidis yeast lysate antigens produced from two human isolates (B5896; B5931) and two dog isolates (ERC-2; T-58) with the ... The systemic fungal organism, Blastomyces dermatitidis causes blastomycosis in animals and hu-mans. This study was designed to ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=45535

CSF cryptococcal antigen test; Gram, India ink, and acid-fast stains; and subsequent bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/17/10/11-0916_article

... and fungal antigens. However, only four are available as standardized antigens for use by a Mantoux-type procedure (0.1 ml of ... Candida and mumps antigens produced equivalent results and together elicited more responses than either antigen alone. Several ... Even though the concentration of antigen loaded onto such devices may be consistent from lot to lot, the amount of antigen ... However, a multipuncture device which administers a battery of DTH antigens may be used. * Any induration to a DTH antigen ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0031075/m0031075.asp

Cryptococcal Antigen. Fungal Culture. PCR. 30 days. Feces . Feces . C&S. 3 days. ...

https://www.saskatoonhealthregion.ca/locations_services/Services/Pathology-Laboratory-Med/healthpractitioners/Pages/specimenretentiontimesmicrobiology.aspx

The two fungal antigens (Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus) measured are primarily outdoor antigens, which are ... Aspergillus fumigatus: (ng antigen/mL)*(1mL/45mg dust)*(1ug antigen/1000 ng antigen)*(1000 mg dust/1 g dust) = ug Aspergillus ... Mouse urinary protein (Mus m 1) dust antigen, result (ng/mL dust). Target: Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS. Code or ... Rat urinary protein (Rat n 1) dust antigen, result (ng/mL dust). Target: Both males and females 1 YEARS - 150 YEARS. Code or ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2005-2006/ALDUST_D.htm

Fungal and related antigens. UKNEQAS Fungal Biomarkers. Instand eV. Dematophytes, Yeasts, Mould fungus (491). ...

https://www.nbt.nhs.uk/severn-pathology/quality/external-quality-assurance

Differences in acute phase response to bacterial, fungal and viral antigens in greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis) ... Emerging fungal diseases have become challenges for wildlife health and conservation. North American hibernating bat species ... Determinants of defence strategies of a hibernating European bat species towards the fungal pathogen Pseudogymnoascus ...

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Christian-Voigt-10

Antigen and antibody testing for histoplasmosis may be negative in some patients with active infection. Empiric anti-fungal ... Invasive Fungal Infections. For patients who reside or travel in regions where mycoses are endemic, invasive fungal infection ... Patients with histoplasmosis or other invasive fungal infections may present with disseminated, rather than localized, disease ... Invasive fungal infections, including histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, and ...

https://www.rxlist.com/inflectra-drug.htm

"Coadministration of the fungal immunomodulatory protein FIP-Fve and a tumour-associated antigen enhanced antitumour immunity." ...

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mushrooms-health_b_3069976

A medication used to treat fungal infections. Antigen Any substance that causes the body to produce natural antibodies. ... A common fungal infection. Carcinogen A substance that causes cancer. Basal cell carcinoma The most common type of skin cancer ... Human leukocyte antigen test (HLA) A special blood test used to match a blood or bone marrow donor to a recipient for ... PSA (Prostate-specific antigen) A marker used to determine prostate disease. Usually, the level is ,4.0 ng/ml for normal person ...

http://ontumor.com/tools/glossary.htm

Also, expect to undergo a skin test to see if youre sensitive to the aspergillus antigens. ... In some cases, taking an anti-fungal medication can also help, but before anything else, talk to your doctor. ... QualityHealth Home > Allergies Health Center > A Fungal Allergy at Home in Your Lungs ...

https://www.qualityhealth.com/allergies-articles/fungal-allergy-home-your-lungs

This antigen is specifically recognized by the individuals immune system, with subsequent development of specific antibody and ... A portion of the fungal mycelium that does not have any spores or other diagnostic fungal structures, and therefore, could not ... An artificial class of fungi characterized by asexual spores that are produced within a cavity lined by fungal tissue or fungal ... Alternaria is one of the most important fungal allergens and is recognized as the chief fungal cause of hay fever. Infection is ...

https://www.latesting.com/Page.aspx?id=50

Fungal antigens are able to cause occupational asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and organic dust toxic ... The Toxic Effects of Fungal Exposure in Fungal Infections /by Carolyn Willbanks. Once you are tested and diagnosed with ... Tags: mold, fungus, fungal exposure, toxic effects. Share this entry. *Share on Facebook ... The important thing is to study these after-effects of fungal exposure and understand the symptoms. Furthermore, using a doctor ...

https://www.mold-help.org/the-toxic-effects-of-fungal-exposure/

You should also tell your doctor if you have lived or traveled in areas where certain fungal infections (such as ... antigen/antibody testing for histoplasmosis may yield negative results in some patients with active infection; initiate empiric ... Areas where these types of fungal infections are commonly found include the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys and the ... This effect can lead to very serious (possibly fatal) infections (such as fungal infections, bacterial infections including ...

http://reference.medscape.com/drug/amjevita-humira-adalimumab-343187

... as well as anti-viral and anti-fungal properties [57]. Serum levels are increased during both bacterial and viral infections [ ... Unlike the variable region which is involved in antigen recognition, the constant region is thought to have more of a ... Is there a role for antigen selection in mantle cell lymphoma? Immunogenetic support from a series of 807 cases. Blood. 2011; ... Plasma proteomic profiling suggests an association between antigen driven clonal B cell expansion and ME/CFS. *Milica ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236148

Tinea capitis is a disease caused by superficial fungal infection of the skin of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, with a ... Fungal Infections Caused by Kazachstania spp., Strasbourg, France, 2007-2020 1.0 CME / ABIM MOC Credits Journal Article ... Fluorescein-labeled Trichophyton mentagrophytes antiserum cross-reacted with antigens of dermatophyte in the infected hairs ... Fungal hyphae and yeast cells of Trichophyton rubrum seen on the stratum corneum of tinea capitis. Periodic acid-Schiff stain, ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091351-clinical

Respiratory panel, blood culture, sputum culture, fungal culture, Legionella antigen, Histoplasma antigen, QuantiFERON Gold, ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cricc/2016/7379829/

... inhibition of the LC3B-deconjugating ATG4B protease sustains MHC class II presentation of exogenous fungal antigens. Redox ... Among these, phagocytosis associated with the autophagosome marker LC3 (LAP) contributes to antigen presentation on MHC class ... regulation of ATG4B is therefore an important mechanism for maintaining LC3 decoration of LAPosomes to support antigen ...

https://www.babraham.ac.uk/seminars/2022/01/telling-membranes-where-go-macroautophagy-machinery-phagocytosis-and-viral

Usually, a blood specimen is mixed with test antigen to detect patient antibodies, most often in suspected fungal infection or ... Precipitation tests measure an antigen or antibody in body fluids by the degree of visible precipitation of antigen-antibody ... capsular antigen, and influenza virus Diagnosis Influenza is a viral respiratory infection causing fever, coryza, cough, ... The test can measure IgM and IgG antibody titers or can be modified to detect certain antigens. It is accurate but has limited ...

https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/infectious-diseases/laboratory-diagnosis-of-infectious-disease/immunologic-tests-for-infectious-disease

Fungal foot infection, cellulitis and diabetes: a review. Diabet Med. 2009 May. 26(5):548-51. [Medline]. ... Tsunemi Y. Dermatophyte Antigen Kit. Med Mycol J. 2017. 58 (2):J51-J54. [Medline]. ... Kutlubay Z, Yardımcı G, Kantarcıoğlu AS, Serdaroğlu S. Acral manifestations of fungal infections. Clin Dermatol. 2017 Jan - Feb ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1091684-32227/what-is-the-efficacy-of-topical-benzylamines-for-the-treatment-of-interdigital-tinea-pedis-athlete39s-foot

Active bacterial, viral, fungal, or other infection, or any major episode of infection requiring treatment with intravenous (IV ... A Study of RO6958688 in Participants With Locally Advanced and/or Metastatic Carcinoembryonic Antigen Positive Solid Tumors. ... The target antigen determines the mechanism of acquired resistance to T cell-based therapies. Cell Rep. 2022 Oct 18;41(3): ... A Study of RO6958688 in Participants With Locally Advanced and/or Metastatic Carcinoembryonic Antigen Positive Solid Tumors ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT02324257?view=results

Many yeast infections get better after a few days or weeks of treatment, but certain fungal infections may need treatment for several months or longer before they clear up completely. (medlineplus.gov)
Smith, J.A. and Kauffman, C.A. (2012) Pulmonary Fungal Infections. (scirp.org)
Patients with histoplasmosis or other invasive fungal infections may present with disseminated, rather than localized, disease. (rxlist.com)
Empiric anti-fungal therapy should be considered in patients at risk for invasive fungal infections who develop severe systemic illness. (rxlist.com)
A medication used to treat fungal infections. (ontumor.com)
This damage leads to secondary and opportunistic infections, including invasive fungal infections. (news-medical.net)
as the cause of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) invasive fungal infections, is first and foremost a pulmonary pathogen causing aspergillomas (fungus balls) that occlude the lung cavities. (exeter.ac.uk)
have long been associated with infections of the skin, nail and cornea, but are now becoming increasingly recognized as a cause of invasive fungal infection (fusariosis) in neutropenic patients and in those undergoing transplantation. (exeter.ac.uk)
Indeed, some hospitals have reported Fusarium to be second only to Aspergillus as the cause of life-threatening filamentous fungal infections in their transplant patients. (exeter.ac.uk)
Studies have reported increased risk of opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis and fungal infection, in patients treated with TNF-α blockers, attributed to the primary role of TNF-α in both host defence and the immune response. (bmj.com)
Meridian's strong therapeutic areas are gastrointestinal and upper respiratory infections, serology, parasitology and fungal disease diagnosis. (ukprwire.com)
Controls included dogs with presumed histoplasmosis or blastomycosis, other fungal infections, or nonfungal diseases and healthy dogs. (illinois.edu)
Molecular dissection of the human humoral immune response during HIV, HCV, influenza viruses, HSV, bacterial and opportunistic fungal pathogens infections by the selection and the characterization of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. (unisr.it)
Illness in a person with compelling evidence (e.g., culture, histopathology, seroconversion) of a different fungal infection, such as histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis, and meeting only non-confirmatory laboratory criteria for blastomycosis should not be counted as a case of blastomycosis since other fungal infections can cause false positive Blastomyces antigen and antibody test results. (cdc.gov)
All medications, including antibiotics, visit a doctor for fungal infections. (impelits.com)
Another medication used to treat fungal infections can also help lower PSA levels. (facty.com)

peroxidase system) to determine an optimal lysate antigen(s) for use in the ELISA to detect antibody in the dog serum specimens. (scirp.org)
The mean absorbance values when the lysate antigens were compared with respect to their ability to detect antibody in the day 0 sera from the 9 dogs were 1.024 (ERC-2), 1.351 (B5896), 1.700 (B5931) and 2.084 (T-58) respectively. (scirp.org)
We continue to evaluate antigens for B. derma-titidis antibody detection in different immunodiagnostic assays. (scirp.org)
2008) Antigen and Antibody Testing for the Diagnosis of Blastomycosis in Dogs. (scirp.org)
2000) Canine Antibody Response to Blastomyces dermatitidis WI-1 Antigen. (scirp.org)
Antigen and antibody testing for histoplasmosis may be negative in some patients with active infection. (rxlist.com)
In agglutination tests (eg, latex agglutination, coaggregation), very small particles (latex beads, gelatin particles, bacteria) are coupled to a reagent antigen or antibody. (merckmanuals.com)
if the target antibody or antigen is present in the specimen, it cross-links the particles, producing measurable agglutination. (merckmanuals.com)
Agglutination with more dilute solutions indicates higher concentrations of the target antigen or antibody. (merckmanuals.com)
The specimen is incubated with known quantities of complement and the antigen that is the target of the antibody being measured. (merckmanuals.com)
The test can measure IgM and IgG antibody titers or can be modified to detect certain antigens. (merckmanuals.com)
Precipitation tests measure an antigen or antibody in body fluids by the degree of visible precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes within a gel (agarose) or in solution. (merckmanuals.com)
Because a positive result requires a large amount of antibody or antigen, sensitivity is low. (merckmanuals.com)
The AGID produces a qualitative positive or negative result for common fungal agents but does not show a rise or decline in antibody level (titer) when paired sera are tested. (tamu.edu)
CDC guidelines recommend testing for HIV infection with a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antigen/antibody immunoassay that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen, with supplemental testing after a reactive assay result to differentiate between HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies. (medscape.com)
The dimeric antigen receptors have antibody-like properties as they bind specifically to a target antigen. (justia.com)
Antigen receptors comprising both an antibody heavy chain binding region and an antibody light chain binding region in separate polypeptide chains and their use in directed cell therapy are disclosed herein in an effort to meet this need and/or provide other benefits, or at least provide the public with a useful choice. (justia.com)

Novel mouse monoclonal antibodies specifically recognizing β-(1→3)-D-glucan antigen. (olmdiagnostics.com)
2013) Detection of Antibodies in Serum Specimens from Dogs with Blastomycosis with Lysate Antigens Prepared from Four Blastomyces dermatitidis Dog Isolates. (scirp.org)
Enzyme immunoassays use antibodies linked to enzymes to detect antigens and to detect and quantify antibodies. (merckmanuals.com)
Usually, a blood specimen is mixed with test antigen to detect patient antibodies, most often in suspected fungal infection or pyogenic meningitis. (merckmanuals.com)
The Western blot test detects antimicrobial antibodies in the patient's sample (eg, serum, other body fluid) by their reaction with target antigens (eg, viral components) that have been immobilized onto a membrane by blotting. (merckmanuals.com)
My research focuses on opportunisitic fungal pathogens of humans and their detection using monoclonal antibodies. (exeter.ac.uk)
The company also undertakes contract development and manufacturing of specialty biologicals, antigens, antibodies, reagents and related technologies used by biopharmaceutical companies, other diagnostic manufacturers and researchers. (ukprwire.com)
Coccidioides antigen detection has not been previously reported in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and was evaluated in 60 cases diagnosed based on detection of anti-Coccidioides antibodies at titers of 1:16 or more in serum. (illinois.edu)
Detection of antigen was an insensitive method for diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in dogs in which the diagnosis was based primarily upon detection of antibodies at titers of 1:16 or higher, and the highest sensitivity was in serum. (illinois.edu)
A variety of microbial systems that can be used for high-yield expression of antibodies, including bacterial, fungal and yeast systems are available for customers to choose. (pharmiweb.com)
against the combining site idiotope may carry an internal image of the external antigen and are also known as internal image antibodies. (iassist2012.org)
For instance, in wheat, more than 40 water soluble allergens have been described [11±13], whereas commercially available fungal a-amylase ex- tracts contain one major allergen, Asp o II, and one or two other components to which workers can develop IgE antibodies [14,15]. (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis of Valley Fever can be made by looking for Coccidioides antibodies or antigens in blood or other body fluids. (cdc.gov)

Reactivity to bacterial, fungal, and parasite antigens in patients with lymphedema and elephantiasis. (ajtmh.org)
Most healthy people have a DTH response to several bacterial, viral, and fungal antigens. (cdc.gov)
Tissue cultures showed no growth of bacterial, mycobacterial, or fungal species. (cdlib.org)
Lumbar Puncture: CSF-WBC 60, 58 lymphs, glucose 43, protein 150-staining for AFB, Fungal and Gram were all negative, cryptoccocal antigen negative, bacterial AFB cultures and fungus culture were also negative. (scirp.org)
We think that mRNA would provide an excellent platform against viral, bacterial and fungal diseases," he says. (nextbigfuture.com)
Plasma levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and fungal (1→3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) translocation markers, along with markers of intestinal damage fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and regenerating islet-derived protein-3α (REG3α) were assessed by ELISA or the fungitell assay. (biomedcentral.com)

The frequency of invasive mycoses by opportunistic fungal pathogens has increased dramatically over the past two decades. (exeter.ac.uk)
Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. (rush.edu)
Dectin-1 is the major macrophage receptor for β-glucans and generates a proinflammatory response through the recognition of these carbohydrates on fungal pathogens. (aai.org)
These results correlate with the known effects of these cytokines and other agents on the ability of the immune system to recognize and respond to fungal pathogens. (aai.org)

Sestero, C.M. and Scalarone, G.M. (2006) Detection of IgG and IgM in Sera from Canines with Blastomycosis Using Eight Blastomyces dermatitidis Yeast Phase Lysate Antigens. (scirp.org)
Urinary antigen detection (Legionella sp, Strep. (nbt.nhs.uk)
Antigen detection has been reported to be a promising method for rapid diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in humans. (illinois.edu)
The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of pneumococcal urinary antigen detection in the diagnosis and antimicrobial guidance in patients hospitalized with CAP. (medscape.com)
In conclusion, because of its high specificity, positive predictive value, and positive LR [likelihood ratio], we think that the urinary detection of pneumococcal antigen is a useful tool in the treatment of adult patients with CAP," the study authors write. (medscape.com)
Detection of antigen to feline leukemia virus (FELV) by ELISA. (tamu.edu)

Therefore, some investigators have used antigen preparations, such as trichophyton, intended for the diagnosis and/or treatment of immediate type hypersensitivity reactions. (cdc.gov)
Antigen -based laboratory test galactomannan assay supports IPA diagnosis, but a more thorough approach is needed to define and diagnose IPA in COVID-19 patients. (news-medical.net)
For instance, tissue culture and tissue microscopy of primarily sterile specimens showing invasive growth of septate fungal hyphae could confirm IPA diagnosis. (news-medical.net)
In this case, the correct diagnosis was only revealed upon fungal culture of the surgical specimen. (jrheum.org)
definitive diagnosis - light microscope mor-phological characteristics and positive staining for CD1a antigen on the lesion cells and/or Birbeck granules in the ultrastructural examination. (termedia.pl)

This vaccine format elicits B and T cell-dependent protection and targets multiple antigens, including the highly conserved viral nucleoprotein, indicating its usefulness as a cross-protective vaccine. (nextbigfuture.com)
When a bat is confronted by a viral antigen, the proportional increase in metabolism for raising an immune response may be trivial compared to the very large increase in the metabolic costs of flight. (cdc.gov)
fungal wall- Zymosan, Viral NA's and foreign DNA Receptors for AB's and serum glycoproteins Complement also present. (kupdf.net)

Serology panel for endemic fungi (by complement fixation to yeast and mycelial phases) and Histoplasma urine antigen were negative, as were fungal, mycobacterial, and routine blood cultures. (jrheum.org)
Urine and serum specimens were tested using an enzyme immunoassay for Coccidioides galactomannan antigen. (illinois.edu)
Antigen was detected in urine or serum of 12 of 60 (20.0%), urine only in 2 of 57 (3.5%), and serum only in 11 of 58 (19.0%) dogs with coccidioidomycosis. (illinois.edu)
If a person has a rash on their penis and an HIV test comes up negative, their healthcare provider may have them take a urine test to look for a possible yeast or fungal infection. (healthline.com)
proteins, rat and mouse urine proteins, latex (Hevea brasiliensis) and enzymes such as the baking additive fungal a-amylase usually derived from Aspergillus oryzae. (cdc.gov)

The two fungal antigens ( Alternaria alternata and Aspergillus fumigatus ) measured are primarily outdoor antigens, which are transported into the indoor environment. (cdc.gov)
Also, expect to undergo a skin test to see if you're sensitive to the aspergillus antigens. (qualityhealth.com)
Usually Aspergillus and Candida are fungi that cause major fungal infection leading to mortality amongst immunocompromised patients ( 10 ). (yeastinfectionadvisor.com)

What Factors Cause An Increase In PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) Levels? (prostateprohelp.com)
PSA stands for Prostate-Specific Antigen. (facty.com)
The test measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen, PSA, in your blood. (facty.com)

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been developed to target antigens associated, in particular, with cancer. (justia.com)

If your provider thinks you may have an invasive yeast infection in your blood or organs, you may have a fungal culture test or other tests on a sample of blood, other fluid, or tissue from the part of your body that may be infected. (medlineplus.gov)
To summarize, it is difficult to differentiate between fungal colonization and invasive disease without bronchoscopic sampling and microscopic evaluation of fungal cultures. (news-medical.net)
We report a lung-invasive fungal disease with possible cutaneous needle tract seeding in a patient with a febrile neutropenia caused by the Basidiomycetes mold Inonotus spp. (cdc.gov)
should be added to the list of microorganisms causing invasive fungal disease in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies. (cdc.gov)
Computed tomography of the lungs in patient with invasive fungal disease caused by Inonotus spp. (cdc.gov)
Skin lesion at biopsy site 4 weeks after the biopsy in patient with invasive fungal disease caused by Inonotus spp. (cdc.gov)

TCR CAR-T cells against various tumor antigens have been developed (Ma et al. (justia.com)
tumor antigens C with potential make use of in tumor therapy (evaluated in Langone, 1989). (iassist2012.org)

The systemic fungal organism, Blastomyces dermatitidis causes blastomycosis in animals and hu-mans. (scirp.org)
Cross-reactivity is a known problem with the EIA antigen test, and cases known to be infected with another fungal infection should not be counted as blastomycosis cases. (cdc.gov)

Johnson, S.M. and Scalarone, G.M. (1989) Preparation and ELISA Evaluation of Blastomyces dermatitidis Yeast Phase Lysate Antigens. (scirp.org)

The present disclosure provides dimeric antigen receptors (DAR) constructs that bind a BCMA target antigen, where the DAR construct comprises a heavy chain binding region on one polypeptide chain and a light chain binding region on a separate polypeptide chain. (justia.com)
The two polypeptide chains that make up the dimeric antigen receptors can dimerize to form an antigen binding domain. (justia.com)
The dimeric antigen receptors can be used for directed cell therapy. (justia.com)
The present disclosure provides dimeric antigen receptors (DAR) protein constructs that bind specifically to a target antigen, nucleic acids that encode the dimeric antigen receptors, vectors comprising the nucleic acids, and host cells harboring the vectors. (justia.com)
Adoptive immunotherapy by infusion of T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for redirected tumoricidal activity represents a potentially highly specific modality for the treatment of metastatic cancer. (justia.com)

Because of its abundance and ubiquity, Alternaria is one of the most important fungal allergens and is recognized as the chief fungal cause of hay fever. (latesting.com)
It is generally accepted that asthma is a disease in facilitated the evaluation of exposure response relationships which exposure to chemical and biological agents, such for bakery workers, exposed to wheat allergens and fungal as allergens and irritants, plays an important role [1]. (cdc.gov)

Diseases associated with inhalation of fungal spores can include toxic pneumonitis , hypersensitivity pneumonitis , tremors , chronic fatigue syndrome , kidney failure, and cancer . (mold-help.org)

In some cases, taking an anti-fungal medication can also help, but before anything else, talk to your doctor. (qualityhealth.com)

The correct taxonomic status of C. immitis as an ascomycete fungus was demonstrated by Ophuls and Moffit in 1900 (4) by culture on artificial of the fungal mycelia. (kenyon.edu)

After 14 days, the fungal culture (surgical specimen) grew an organism ( Figure 1B ). (jrheum.org)
Fungal culture of the specimen was negative, but panfungal PCR and further sequencing ( 1 ) revealed the presence of Inonotus spp. (cdc.gov)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells redirected against hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 glycoprotein. (unisr.it)

September 30, 2010 - A positive pneumococcal urinary antigen test result in adult patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) can help clinicians optimize antimicrobial therapy and achieve good clinical outcomes, according to a new study published Online First September 27 in the Archives of Internal Medicine . (medscape.com)
A quick and simple urinary antigen test, based on an immunochromatographic membrane technique, is widely available to detect the C-polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae , the leading cause of CAP," write Roger Sordé, MD, from Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, and colleagues. (medscape.com)
Nevertheless, the clinical usefulness of this pneumococcal urinary antigen test is not well defined, and, consequently, current guidelines do not clearly recommend the situations in which testing should be performed. (medscape.com)
Globally, the median time to a treatment optimization from the pneumococcal urinary antigen test result was 2 days (IQR, 2.5 days), the study authors report. (medscape.com)
Cite this: Pneumococcal Urinary Antigen Testing Guides Antimicrobial Treatment - Medscape - Sep 30, 2010. (medscape.com)

The recombinant polypeptide (rSOWp) was shown to bind to mammalian extracellular matrix proteins in an in vitro assay, suggesting that the parasitic cell surface antigen may function as an adhesion. (kenyon.edu)

The fungal spores transmitting wheat rust are dispersed by wind and can stay infectious after dispersal over lengthy distances. (cropsciencejournal.org)

Interpretation In the state of S~ao Paulo, HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 seem to circulate in male patients with systemic mycoses, and since HTLV-1 could impact fungal disease severity, the identification of co-infection is important regardless of prevalence. (bvs.br)

The Food and Drug Administration has licensed for the evaluation of cellular hypersensitivity a multiple puncture device (MULTITEST CMI(R)) that delivers seven DTH antigens percutaneously. (cdc.gov)
In contrast, responses to antigens administered by a Mantoux-type procedure, in which a known quantity of a known concentration of a standardized antigen is deposited in the skin, may be more accurate indicators of a waning or increasing cellular hypersensitivity. (cdc.gov)
Fungal antigens are able to cause occupational asthma , rhinoconjunctivitis , hypersensitivity pneumonitis and organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS). (mold-help.org)

pylori protocol than the the following "A lot of these viruses and to develop a fungal exposed to hepatitis A and have not been it might be ringworm, at where To Order Generic Xifaxan New York risk of to undergo a corneal. (impelits.com)

The PSA test can detect high levels of the antigen that may indicate the presence of prostate cancer. (facty.com)

H. capsulatum is the most common endemic fungal infection in the US and is most prevalent in the midwestern and central states along the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. (lecturio.com)

4. fungal metabolites (which stand for major agricultural contaminants complications): trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 (Chanh et al. (iassist2012.org)

One-stop antigen preparation services from gene synthesis and plasmid construction to protein expression and purification are provided at Creative BioMart Microbe. (pharmiweb.com)
HIV also produces a protein known as p24 antigen, or HIV antigen. (healthline.com)

Longitudinal study of natural immune responses to the Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen (AMA-1) in a holoendemic region of malaria in western Kenya: Asembo Bay Cohort Project VIII. (ajtmh.org)
We think it's probably triggered by either a toxin or an antigen," Burns said, "something the immune system can recognize that comes from something that was once alive. (scientificamerican.com)
Internal image molecules, stereo-chemically complementary to the surface of the Ab1 combining site, can even induce immune mediated responses similar to the original antigen, and this has, in fact, been used to produce vaccines (reviewed in Williams et al. (iassist2012.org)
Strains of laboratory mice that are inbred for higher metabolic rates show stronger immune responses to immune challenge with stronger antigen-specific IgM production than strains bred for lower metabolic rates. (cdc.gov)

Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection of mainly the lungs , presenting as a pneumonia , and brain , where it appears as a meningitis . (wikipedia.org)

There is a hypothesis of genetic background of the disease, associated with the occurrence of some HLA antigens (Bw61 and Cw7) [11]. (termedia.pl)

For some data, symptom onset date is … symptoms of COVID-19 AND known exposure to COVID-19 (for example, being a close contact of someone who was diagnosed with COVID-19) and no molecular or antigen test was performed. (wisconsin.gov)

If there are not enough cells in the sample to find an infection, you may need a fungal culture test . (medlineplus.gov)
During a fungal culture test, the cells in your sample are sent to a lab to grow until there are enough cells to test. (medlineplus.gov)
Thus, the guidelines presented below are intended for the evaluation and management of persons who may have tuberculous infection and HIV-induced anergy to delayed-type hypersen- sitivity (DTH) skin test antigens, including PPD-tuberculin. (cdc.gov)
The degree of suppression may be reflected in a patient's inability to mount a DTH response to one or several skin-test antigens. (cdc.gov)
However, none of these products are licensed for use as DTH skin-test antigens, and none are certified for lot-to-lot reproducibility for this purpose. (cdc.gov)
A blood test for the HIV antigen is available. (healthline.com)

The fungal culture yielded a fluffy, white, slow-growing mold. (cdc.gov)

We performed pulmonary segmentectomy, and lung histology showed mycetoma with fungal elements similar to those observed in the previous skin biopsy. (cdc.gov)

Among these, phagocytosis associated with the autophagosome marker LC3 (LAP) contributes to antigen presentation on MHC class II molecules for helper CD4 + T cell stimulation. (babraham.ac.uk)

Conversely to the fungal translocation marker BDG and the gut damage marker REG3α, time of blood collection matters for the proper evaluation for LPS and I-FABP as markers for the risk of inflammatory non-AIDS co-morbidities. (biomedcentral.com)

Abstract β-(1→3)-D-Glucan is an essential component of the fungal cell wall. (olmdiagnostics.com)
Figure 4: Commensal-driven CD8 + T cell response is specific for S. epidermidis antigen. (nature.com)
Flow cytometry did not demonstrate evidence of B cell clone or loss of T cell surface antigens. (cdlib.org)
Β-Glucans are structural components of fungal cell walls with well-characterized immunostimulatory properties and as such have been widely used to study the effector functions of leukocytes as well as inflammatory processes in vivo. (aai.org)

Our objective was to evaluate whether the intestinal microbiota composition, predicted functions or fungal abundance differ between Finnish patients with APECED and healthy controls, and whether these associate to the patients' clinical phenotype and gastrointestinal symptoms. (helsinki.fi)

Anatomy21

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs152

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Mushroom worker's lung resulting from indoor cultivation of Pleurotus osteatus. (1/1360)

Variants of a Cryptococcus neoformans strain elicit different inflammatory responses in mice. (2/1360)

Detection of cell wall mannoprotein Mp1p in culture supernatants of Penicillium marneffei and in sera of penicilliosis patients. (3/1360)

Aspergillus meningitis: diagnosis by non-culture-based microbiological methods and management. (4/1360)

Production of specific monoclonal antibodies to Aspergillus species and their use in immunohistochemical identification of aspergillosis. (5/1360)

Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of the M antigen of Histoplasma capsulatum. (6/1360)

Two-dimensional electrophoresis of Malassezia allergens for atopic dermatitis and isolation of Mal f 4 homologs with mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. (7/1360)

Heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) as a major target of the antibody response in patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis. (8/1360)

Antigens

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, Surface

Antigens, Viral

Antigens, Protozoan

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

HLA Antigens

Antigens, Fungal

Antigens, CD

Antigens, Helminth

H-2 Antigens

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

HLA-DR Antigens

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Histocompatibility Antigens

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Prostate-Specific Antigen

O Antigens

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Epitopes

Antigens, CD15

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate

HLA-A2 Antigen

Antigens, CD8

T-Lymphocytes

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Immunoglobulin G

Blood Group Antigens

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Antigens, CD3

Cross Reactions

HLA-A Antigens

Histocompatibility Antigens Class I

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Lymphocyte Activation

HLA-D Antigens

Antibody Specificity

Molecular Sequence Data

Receptors, Antigen

Antigens, CD45

Hepatitis B Antigens

Antigens, CD4

Antigen-Antibody Reactions

Antigens, CD1

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Antibodies, Bacterial

Immune Sera

Antibody Formation

HLA-B Antigens

Antigens, Differentiation

Immunization

Cell Line

Amino Acid Sequence

B-Lymphocytes

MART-1 Antigen

HIV Antigens

Antigens, CD80

Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Antigens, CD19

Antigens, Heterophile

Hepatitis B Core Antigens

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Spleen

Antigens, CD40

Immunodiffusion

Autoantigens

Antibodies

Immunoglobulin M

Antigens, Thy-1

Forssman Antigen

Antigen-Antibody Complex

H-Y Antigen

Molecular Weight

Antigen-Presenting Cells

Base Sequence