Antigens cd95. Medical search

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and HYDROLYSIS of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from NAD+ to ADP-RIBOSE. It is a cell surface molecule which is predominantly expressed on LYMPHOID CELLS and MYELOID CELLS.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

A membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells that binds to CD40 ANTIGENS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and induces their proliferation. Mutation of the gene for CD40 ligand is a cause of HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 1.

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Costimulatory T-LYMPHOCYTE receptors that have specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN. Activation of this receptor results in increased T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival.

Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. CD44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential hematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells.

Glycolipid-anchored membrane glycoproteins expressed on cells of the myelomonocyte lineage including monocytes, macrophages, and some granulocytes. They function as receptors for the complex of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein.

Glycoprotein members of the immunoglobulin superfamily which participate in T-cell adhesion and activation. They are expressed on most peripheral T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and thymocytes, and function as co-receptors or accessory molecules in the T-cell receptor complex.

Ratio of T-LYMPHOCYTES that express the CD4 ANTIGEN to those that express the CD8 ANTIGEN. This value is commonly assessed in the diagnosis and staging of diseases affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM including HIV INFECTIONS.

Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The 140 kDa isoform of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) containing a transmembrane domain and short cytoplasmic tail. It is expressed by all lymphocytes mediating non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity and is present on some neural tissues and tumors.

Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and normal and neoplastic transformation. Their phenotypic characterization is important in differential diagnosis and studies of thymic ontogeny and T-cell function.

A membrane-bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme generally catalyzes the hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-RIBOSE, as well, and sometimes the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose 2' phosphate (2'-P-cADPR) from NADP.

Surface antigens expressed on myeloid cells of the granulocyte-monocyte-histiocyte series during differentiation. Analysis of their reactivity in normal and malignant myelomonocytic cells is useful in identifying and classifying human leukemias and lymphomas.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Tetraspanin proteins found at high levels in cells of the lymphoid-myeloid lineage. CD53 antigens may be involved regulating the differentiation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and the activation of B-LYMPHOCYTES.

A cell adhesion protein that was originally identified as a heat stable antigen in mice. It is involved in METASTASIS and is highly expressed in many NEOPLASMS.

Zinc-binding metalloproteases that are members of the type II integral membrane metalloproteases. They are expressed by GRANULOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and their precursors as well as by various non-hematopoietic cells. They release an N-terminal amino acid from a peptide, amide or arylamide.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Membrane antigens associated with maturation stages of B-lymphocytes, often expressed in tumors of B-cell origin.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

A 67-kDa sialic acid binding lectin that is specific for MYELOID CELLS and MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE PRECURSOR CELLS. This protein is the smallest siglec subtype and contains a single immunoglobulin C2-set domain. It may play a role in intracellular signaling via its interaction with SHP-1 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE and SHP-2 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the CD11 family of leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION). A defect in the gene encoding CD18 causes LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may play a role in the regulation of NF-KAPPA B and APOPTOSIS. They are found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; MAST CELLS and NK CELLS. Overexpression of CD30 antigen in hematopoietic malignancies make the antigen clinically useful as a biological tumor marker. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A subtype of tetraspanin proteins that play a role in cell adhesion, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. CD9 antigens take part in the process of platelet activation and aggregation, the formation of paranodal junctions in neuronal tissue, and the fusion of sperm with egg.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A sialic acid-rich protein and an integral cell membrane mucin. It plays an important role in activation of T-LYMPHOCYTES.

Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Small glycoproteins found on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD59 restricts the cytolytic activity of homologous complement by binding to C8 and C9 and blocking the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (From Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p234)

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on NK cells and T-cells. Their role in the immune response is poorly understood.

A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds to CD27 ANTIGEN. It is found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in stimulating the proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES.

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.

Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. CD58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2; (ANTIGENS, CD2); and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

A ubiquitously expressed membrane glycoprotein. It interacts with a variety of INTEGRINS and mediates responses to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

A CD antigen that contains a conserved I domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined with CD18 the two subunits form MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

An integrin alpha subunit of approximately 150-kDa molecular weight. It is expressed at high levels on monocytes and combines with CD18 ANTIGEN to form the cell surface receptor INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2. The subunit contains a conserved I-domain which is characteristic of several of alpha integrins.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Tetraspanin proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular functions including BASEMENT MEMBRANE assembly, and in the formation of a molecular complexes on the surface of LYMPHOCYTES.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is specific for 4-1BB LIGAND. It is found in a variety of immune cell types including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and DENDRITIC CELLS. Activation of the receptor on T-LYMPHOCYTES plays a role in their expansion, production of cytokines and survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Receptors present on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTES that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-2 and play an important role in LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION. They are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Ubiquitously-expressed tetraspanin proteins that are found in late ENDOSOMES and LYSOSOMES and have been implicated in intracellular transport of proteins.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Tetraspanin proteins found associated with LAMININ-binding INTEGRINS. The CD151 antigens may play a role in the regulation of CELL MOTILITY.

A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain transport to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. It is expressed almost exclusively in B-LYMPHOCYTES and serves as a useful marker for B-cell NEOPLASMS.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds specifically to CD30 ANTIGEN. It may play a role in INFLAMMATION and immune regulation.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.

A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

An alpha-integrin subunit found on lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages and monocytes. It combines with the integrin beta2 subunit (CD18 ANTIGEN) to form LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.

A widely distributed cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein that stimulates the synthesis of MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES. It is found at high levels on the surface of malignant NEOPLASMS and may play a role as a mediator of malignant cell behavior.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.

An inhibitory T CELL receptor that is closely related to CD28 ANTIGEN. It has specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

A widely expressed transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a METASTASIS suppressor protein. It is underexpressed in a variety of human NEOPLASMS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis.

A cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and is involved in INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS.

Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reacting antigens found in phylogenetically unrelated species.

CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.

Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. The initial characterization of this protein revealed one identifiable heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) and an indeterminate smaller light chain. It is now known that a variety of light chain subunits (ANTIGENS, CD98 LIGHT CHAINS) can dimerize with the heavy chain. Depending upon its light chain composition a diverse array of functions can be found for this protein. Functions include: type L amino acid transport, type y+L amino acid transport and regulation of cellular fusion.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An inhibitory B7 antigen that has specificity for the T-CELL receptor PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 PROTEIN. CD274 antigen provides negative signals that control and inhibit T-cell responses and is found at higher than normal levels on tumor cells, suggesting its potential role in TUMOR IMMUNE EVASION.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).

JNK2 is required for efficient T-cell activation and apoptosis but not for normal lymphocyte development. (1/4475)

BACKGROUND: The Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway has been implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis, but its function seems to depend on the cell type and inducing signal. In T cells, JNK has been implicated in both antigen-induced activation and apoptosis. RESULTS: We generated mice lacking the JNK2 isozymes. The mutant mice were healthy and fertile but defective in peripheral T-cell activation induced by antibody to the CD3 component of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex - proliferation and production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were reduced. The proliferation defect was restored by exogenous IL-2. B-cell activation was normal in the absence of JNK2. Activation-induced peripheral T-cell apoptosis was comparable between mutant and wild-type mice, but immature (CD4(+) CD8(+)) thymocytes lacking JNK2 were resistant to apoptosis induced by administration of anti-CD3 antibody in vivo. The lack of JNK2 also resulted in partial resistance of thymocytes to anti-CD3 antibody in vitro, but had little or no effect on apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody, dexamethasone or ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation. CONCLUSIONS: JNK2 is essential for efficient activation of peripheral T cells but not B cells. Peripheral T-cell activation is probably required indirectly for induction of thymocyte apoptosis resulting from administration of anti-CD3 antibody in vivo. JNK2 functions in a cell-type-specific and stimulus-dependent manner, being required for apoptosis of immature thymocytes induced by anti-CD3 antibody but not for apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody, UVC or dexamethasone. JNK2 is not required for activation-induced cell death of mature T cells. (+info)

Caspase 3 inactivation to suppress Fas-mediated apoptosis: identification of binding domain with p21 and ILP and inactivation machinery by p21. (2/4475)

The death mediator caspase acts as the dominant regulator during cell death induction. The CPP32 subfamily, including caspase 3 (CPP32/Yama/Apopain), is essential for the cell death signaling. We recently reported that activation of caspase 3 is regulated by complex formation with p21 or ILP. In the present study, we investigated the binding domain with p21 and ILP to further characterize the caspase 3 inactivation machinery. Our results show that caspase 3 contains p21 binding domain in the N-terminus and ILP binding domain in the active site. Further, the caspase 3 binding domain in p21 was independent of the Cdk- or PCNA-binding domain. We also found caspase 3 protection by p21 from the p3-site cleavage serineproteinase contributes to the suppression machinery. Here, we propose the caspase 3 inactivation system by p21 and ILP as new essential system in the regulation of cell death. (+info)

Activation-dependent transcriptional regulation of the human Fas promoter requires NF-kappaB p50-p65 recruitment. (3/4475)

Fas (CD95) and Fas ligand (CD95L) are an interacting receptor-ligand pair required for immune homeostasis. Lymphocyte activation results in the upregulation of Fas expression and the acquisition of sensitivity to FasL-mediated apoptosis. Although Fas upregulation is central to the preservation of immunologic tolerance, little is known about the molecular machinery underlying this process. To investigate the events involved in activation-induced Fas upregulation, we have examined mRNA accumulation, fas promoter activity, and protein expression in the Jurkat T-cell line treated with phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin (P/I), pharmacological mimics of T-cell receptor activation. Although resting Jurkat cells express Fas, Fas mRNA was induced approximately 10-fold in 2 h upon P/I stimulation. Using sequential deletion mutants of the human fas promoter in transient transfection assays, we identified a 47-bp sequence (positions -306 to -260 relative to the ATG) required for activation-driven fas upregulation. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a previously unrecognized composite binding site for both the Sp1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors at positions -295 to -286. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and supershift analyses of this region documented constitutive binding of Sp1 in unactivated nuclear extracts and inducible binding of p50-p65 NF-kappaB heterodimers after P/I activation. Sp1 and NF-kappaB transcription factor binding was shown to be mutually exclusive by EMSA displacement studies with purified recombinant Sp1 and recombinant p50. The functional contribution of the kappaB-Sp1 composite site in P/I-inducible fas promoter activation was verified by using kappaB-Sp1 concatamers (-295 to -286) in a thymidine kinase promoter-driven reporter construct and native promoter constructs in Jurkat cells overexpressing IkappaB-alpha. Site-directed mutagenesis of the critical guanine nucleotides in the kappaB-Sp1 element documented the essential role of this site in activation-dependent fas promoter induction. (+info)

Antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express Fas ligand (FasL). (4/4475)

Fas ligand is a type II transmembrane protein which can induce apoptosis in Fas-expressing cells. Recent reports indicate that expression of FasL in transplanted cells may cause graft rejection and, on the other hand, tumor cells may lose their tumorigenicity when they are engineered to express FasL. These effects could be related to recruitment of neutrophils by FasL with activation of their cytotoxic machinery. In this study we investigated the antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express FasL. Fibroblasts engineered to express FasL (PA317/FasL) did not exert toxic effects on transformed liver cell line (BNL) or colon cancer cell line (CT26) in vitro, but they could abrogate their tumorigenicity in vivo. Histological examination of the site of implantation of BNL cells mixed with PA317/FasL revealed massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and mononuclear cells. A specific immune protective effect was observed in animals primed with a mixture of BNL or CT26 and PA317/FasL cells. Rechallenge with tumor cells 14 or 100 days after priming resulted in protection of 100 or 50% of animals, respectively. This protective effect was due to CD8+ cells since depletion of CD8+ led to tumor formation. In addition, treatment of pre-established BNL tumors with a subcutaneous injection of BNL and PA317/FasL cell mixture at a distant site caused significant inhibition of tumor growth. These data demonstrate that allogenic cells engineered with FasL are able to abolish tumor growth and induce specific protective immunity when they are mixed with neoplastic cells. (+info)

Fas/Apo [apoptosis]-1 and associated proteins in the differentiating cerebral cortex: induction of caspase-dependent cell death and activation of NF-kappaB. (5/4475)

The developing cerebral cortex undergoes a period of substantial cell death. The present studies examine the role of the suicide receptor Fas/Apo[apoptosis]-1 in cerebral cortical development. Fas mRNA and protein are transiently expressed in subsets of cells within the developing rat cerebral cortex during the peak period of apoptosis. Fas-immunoreactive cells were localized in close proximity to Fas ligand (FasL)-expressing cells. The Fas-associated signaling protein receptor interacting protein (RIP) was expressed by some Fas-expressing cells, whereas Fas-associated death domain (FADD) was undetectable in the early postnatal cerebral cortex. FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP), an inhibitor of Fas activation, was also expressed in the postnatal cerebral cortex. Fas expression was more ubiquitous in embryonic cortical neuroblasts in dissociated culture compared to in situ within the developing brain, suggesting that the environmental milieu partly suppresses Fas expression at this developmental stage. Furthermore, FADD, RIP, and FLIP were also expressed by subsets of dissociated cortical neuroblasts in culture. Fas activation by ligand (FasL) or anti-Fas antibody induced caspase-dependent cell death in primary embryonic cortical neuroblast cultures. The activation of Fas was also accompanied by a rapid downregulation of Fas receptor expression, non-cell cycle-related incorporation of nucleic acids and nuclear translocation of the RelA/p65 subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Together, these data suggest that adult cortical cell number may be established, in part, by an active process of receptor-mediated cell suicide, initiated in situ by killer (FasL-expressing) cells and that Fas may have functions in addition to suicide in the developing brain. (+info)

Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the murine genital mucosa does not require perforin-mediated cytolysis or Fas-mediated apoptosis. (6/4475)

The molecular mechanisms of resistance to genital infection with the mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) strain of Chlamydia trachomatis are unknown. A role for major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted, interleukin-12-dependent CD4(+) T cells has been established, but the functional activity of these cells does not depend on secretion of gamma interferon. Here we examined the potential contribution of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis to mucosal clearance of MoPn by using mice deficient in the molecular mediators of target cell lysis. Animals lacking perforin, Fas, Fas ligand, or both perforin and Fas ligand were infected genitally with C. trachomatis MoPn and monitored for expression of immunity to chlamydial antigens and clearance of MoPn from the genital mucosa. In each case, the profile of spleen cytokine production, the magnitude of the host antibody response, and the kinetics of chlamydial clearance were similar to those of genetically intact controls. Compensatory overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha, an alternate mediator of apoptosis in certain cell types, did not appear to account for the ability of mutant mice to resolve Chlamydia infections. These results fail to support CD4(+) T-cell-mediated apoptosis or CD8(+) T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity as being critical to the clearance of C. trachomatis MoPn urogenital infections. (+info)

In vitro induction of activation-induced cell death in lymphocytes from chronic periodontal lesions by exogenous Fas ligand. (7/4475)

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which gradually destroys the supporting tissues of the teeth, leading to tooth loss in adults. The lesions are characterized by a persistence of inflammatory cells in gingival and periodontal connective tissues. To understand what mechanisms are involved in the establishment of chronic lesions, we hypothesized that infiltrating lymphocytes might be resistant to apoptosis. However, both Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were weakly detected in lymphocytes from the lesions, compared with those from peripheral blood, suggesting that these cells are susceptible to apoptosis. Nevertheless, very few apoptotic cells were observed in tissue sections from the lesions. Lymphocytes from the lesions expressed mRNA encoding Fas, whereas Fas-ligand mRNA was very weakly expressed in lymphocytes from the lesions and in periodontal tissues. Since the results indicated that lymphocytes in the lesions might be susceptible to Fas-mediated apoptosis but lack the death signal, we next investigated if these lymphocytes actually undergo apoptosis by the addition of anti-Fas antibodies in vitro. Fas-positive lymphocytes from the lesions underwent apoptosis by these antibodies, but Fas-negative lymphocytes and Fas-positive peripheral lymphocytes did not undergo apoptosis by these antibodies. These results indicate that lymphocytes in the lesions are susceptible to activation-induced cell death and are induced to die by apoptosis after the addition of exogenous Fas ligand. (+info)

Fas and Fas ligand interaction induces apoptosis in inflammatory myopathies: CD4+ T cells cause muscle cell injury directly in polymyositis. (8/4475)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the involvement of the Fas/Fas ligand (Fas/FasL) system in the inflammatory myopathies. METHODS: Frozen muscle sections obtained from 7 patients with polymyositis (PM), 4 patients with dermatomyositis (DM), and 3 controls were studied by immunochemistry. Apoptosis was detected by DNA electrophoresis and in situ labeling using the TUNEL method. RESULTS: Fas was detected on muscle fibers and infiltrating mononuclear cells (MNC) in 6 PM patients and 2 DM patients. FasL was expressed mainly on CD4+ T cells and some CD8+ T cells, and on macrophages surrounding Fas-positive muscles in 4 PM patients and 1 DM patient. In 3 of the 5 patients with FasL-positive MNC, the TUNEL method showed that both invaded myonuclei and MNC underwent apoptosis. Chromosomal DNA from the muscle tissue of these patients showed ladder formation. CONCLUSION: Fas/FasL is involved in muscle cell apoptosis in at least 2 of the inflammatory myopathies, PM and DM. Although CD8+-mediated cytotoxicity is thought to be the main mechanism of muscle injury in PM, our data suggest that CD4+ T cells also directly cause muscle cell damage. (+info)

The Fas receptor, also known as Fas, FasR, apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or APT), cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95) or tumor ... Thus, the name Fas is derived from FS-7-associated surface antigen. The Fas receptor is a death receptor on the surface of ... Lichter P, Walczak H, Weitz S, Behrmann I, Krammer PH (September 1992). "The human APO-1 (APT) antigen maps to 10q23, a region ... Inazawa J, Itoh N, Abe T, Nagata S (November 1992). "Assignment of the human Fas antigen gene (Fas) to 10q24.1". Genomics. 14 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fas_receptor

CD4 antigen - CD45 antigen - CD95 antigen - CDC28 protein kinase - cell - cell adhesion molecule - Cell biology - cell cycle ... T-cell antigen receptors - tachykinin - tachykinin receptor - talin protein - tandem repeat sequence - taste bud - TATA box - ... carcinoembryonic antigen - carrier - carrier protein - CAS registry number - casein - catabolism - catalyst - catalytic domain ... alpha-beta T-cell antigen receptor - alpha-fetoprotein - alpha-globulin - alpha-macroglobulin - alpha-MSH - Ames test - amide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

... working together as potential promoters of the expression of CD95 (FasR). CD95 is a protein involved in mediated cell death of ... Mycoplasma crocodyli is much less virulent than M. alligatoris, lacking the genes for adhesins, variable surface antigens, and ... Hunt, M. E.; Brown, D. R. (2005-12-01). "Mycoplasma alligatoris Infection Promotes CD95 (FasR) Expression and Apoptosis of ... increasing CD95 expression leading to cell death. Experimental inoculation of American alligators (Alligator mississippienis), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_alligatoris

... antigens, cd95 MeSH D23.050.301.264.035.198 - antigens, cd98 MeSH D23.050.301.264.035.198.500 - antigens, cd98 heavy chain MeSH ... antigens, cd95 MeSH D23.101.100.110.198 - antigens, cd98 MeSH D23.101.100.110.198.500 - antigens, cd98 heavy chain MeSH D23.101 ... antigens, cd15 MeSH D23.101.100.900.131 - antigens, cd31 MeSH D23.101.100.920 - antigens, ly MeSH D23.101.100.930 - antigens, ... forssman antigen MeSH D23.050.285.018 - antigens, cd24 MeSH D23.050.285.025 - antigens, cd30 MeSH D23.050.285.040 - antigens, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D23)

1999). "Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma". Int. J. Cancer. 83 (4): 456-464. doi ... 2000). "LUCA-15-encoded sequence variants regulate CD95-mediated apoptosis". Oncogene. 19 (33): 3774-3781. doi:10.1038/sj.onc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBM5

In the absence of FDC and helper T cell stimulation, centroblasts are unable to differentiate and will undergo CD95-mediated ... Centroblasts do not express immunoglobulins and are unable to respond to the follicular dendritic cell antigens present in the ... allowing the B cell receptor to potentially gain stronger affinity for an antigen. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroblasts

The serotype identifies the B*44 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B. B44 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B12, and is ... "HLA B44 is associated with decreased severity of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome in patients with CD95 defects (ALPS ... November 1988). "HLA antigens in ankylosing spondylitis associated with Crohn's disease. Increased frequency of the HLA ... Tissue Antigens. 75 (4): 291-455. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01466.x. PMC 2848993. PMID 20356336. derived from IMGT/HLA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-B44

B cells can present antigens to a specialized group of helper T cells called TFH cells. If an activated TFH cell recognizes the ... "Opposing roles of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and CD40 in the death and rescue of human low density tonsillar B cells". Journal of ... Roles of T cell-B-cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help". Journal of Immunology. 149 (12): ... It binds to CD40 (protein) on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD154

Because it infects red blood cells as a result of the affinity for the P antigen, parvovirus causes complete cessation of red ... CD95, and CCR4, lower expression of CD45RA (mean age - 45 years), and expression of the IL‐2/STAT5 pathway was found in patient ... In humans, the P antigen (also known as globoside), one of the many cellular receptors that contribute to a person's blood type ... Several kinectin-derived peptides can be processed and presented by HLA I and can induce antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aplastic_anemia

1(3):186-92 Kabelitz D, Janssen O. (1997), Antigen-induced death of T-lymphocytes. Front Biosci. 2:d61-77 Green DR, Droin N, ... AICD (activation-induced cell death) is programmed cell death caused by the interaction of Fas receptors (Fas, CD95) and Fas ... 1999é, The role of c-FLIP in modulation of CD95-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 274:1541-1548. ... ligands (FasL, CD95 ligand). AICD is a negative regulator of activated T lymphocytes that results from repeated stimulation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation-induced_cell_death

This is carried out by using donor-derived antigen-presenting cells. These new methods have reduced culture time to 10-12 days ... CD95 defects), type 1b (Fas ligand defects), type 2a (CASP10 defects), type 2b (CASP8 defects) (b) APECED (autoimmune ... recurrent infections and failure of the development of antibodies on exposure to antigens. The 1999 criteria also distinguish ... selective immunoglobulin A deficiency Specific antibody deficiency to specific antigens with normal B cell and normal Ig ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_immunodeficiency

... blocks the CD95-ligand (CD95L) from binding to the CD95-receptor (CD95), which induces apoptosis. In oncology, this ... Lakins MA, Ghorani E, Munir H, Martins CP, Shields JD (2018). "Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce antigen-specific deletion ... Asunercept (INN; development code APG101) is a soluble CD95-Fc fusion protein which is in clinical development for the ... a CD95-Fc fusion protein, in healthy volunteers and two glioma patients". Int Immunopharmacol. 13 (1): 93-100. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asunercept

... antigens, cd30 MeSH D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.097 - antigens, cd40 MeSH D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.195 - antigens, cd95 MeSH ... antigen, b-cell MeSH D12.776.543.750.705.816.821.500 - antigens, cd79 MeSH D12.776.543.750.705.816.824 - receptors, antigen, t- ... antigens, cd22 MeSH D12.776.543.550.200.124 - antigens, cd24 MeSH D12.776.543.550.200.131 - antigens, cd31 MeSH D12.776.543.550 ... antigens, cd11a MeSH D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.150 - antigens, cd11b MeSH D12.776.543.750.705.408.100.200 - antigens, cd11c ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.543)

TNFRSF25 is activated by a monogamous ligand, known as TL1A (TNFSF15), which is rapidly upregulated in antigen presenting cells ... Apo-1/CD95)". Immunity. 6 (1): 79-88. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80244-7. PMID 9052839. Kitson J, Raven T, Jiang YP, Goeddel DV ... Similarly, because TNFRSF25 activation is antigen dependent, costimulation of TNFRSF25 together with an autoantigen or with a ... This receptor is expressed preferentially by activated and antigen-experienced T lymphocytes. TNFRSF25 is also highly expressed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_receptor_3

1999). "Antigens recognized by autologous antibody in patients with renal-cell carcinoma". Int. J. Cancer. 83 (4): 456-64. doi: ... 2002). "Multiple interactions of the cytosolic polyproline region of the CD95 ligand: hints for the reverse signal transduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRPF40A

Many cancers contain an oncogene that will inhibit the MHC complex on the cell surface from presenting antigens to immune cells ... APO-1/CD95) death domain". Nature. 384 (6610): 638-41. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..638H. doi:10.1038/384638a0. PMID 8967952. S2CID ... cell apoptosis that occurs via the CD95 pathway, a transmembrane protein, is found to be vital in controlling the proliferation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_domain

A pathway for regulation of B lymphocyte antigen receptor-induced calcium flux". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (23 ... "CDw150 associates with src-homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase and modulates CD95-mediated apoptosis". Journal of ... A pathway for regulation of B lymphocyte antigen receptor-induced calcium flux". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (23 ... "Protein kinase C-delta is a negative regulator of antigen-induced mast cell degranulation". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 22 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INPP5D

These tumor antigens are either TSA (Tumor-specific antigen) or TAA (Tumor-associated antigen). Tumor-specific antigens (TSA) ... Peter ME, Hadji A, Murmann AE, Brockway S, Putzbach W, Pattanayak A, Ceppi P (April 2015). "The role of CD95 and CD95 ligand in ... Oncofetal antigens are tumor-associated antigens expressed by embryonic cells and by tumors. Examples of oncofetal antigens are ... role of antigen load, antigen-presenting cells, and cytokines". Journal of Immunology. 163 (1): 130-6. PMID 10384108. Scheffer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunology

Parlato S, Giammarioli AM, Logozzi M, Lozupone F, Matarrese P, Luciani F, Falchi M, Malorni W, Fais S (October 2000). "CD95 ( ... Lakins MA, Ghorani E, Munir H, Martins CP, Shields JD (2018). "Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce antigen-specific deletion ... or CD95, is the most intensely studied member of the death receptor family. The gene is situated on chromosome 10 in humans and ... CD95)-Fas ligand interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (30): 18827-33. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.30.18827. PMID 9228058. Yu KY, Kwon B, Ni ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fas_ligand

An antigen is a molecule capable of stimulating an immune response and is often produced by cancer cells or viruses. Antigens ... CD95) molecules expressed on the target cell. However, this Fas-Fas ligand interaction is thought to be more important to the ... If the TCR is specific for that antigen, it binds to the complex of the class I MHC molecule and the antigen, and the T cell ... depending on whether their TCR recognizes an MHC class I-presented antigen (CD8) or an MHC class II-presented antigen (CD4). It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxic_T_cell

CD95 defects), type 1b (Fas ligand defects), type 2a (CASP10 defects), type 2b (CASP8 defects) (b) APECED (autoimmune ... selective immunoglobulin A deficiency Specific antibody deficiency to specific antigens with normal B cell and normal Ig ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_primary_immunodeficiencies

CD154 knockout mice are incapable of producing IgG, IgE, or IgA as a response to antigens. Microvesicles can also transfer ... Microvesicles from various tumor types can express specific cell-surface molecules (e.g. FasL or CD95) that induce T-cell ... This mechanism of action can be used in processes such as antigen presentation, where MHC molecules on the surface of ... For example, those released from antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as B cells and dendritic cells, are enriched in proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microvesicles

Antigen-specific memory T cells specific to viruses or other microbial molecules can be found in both TCM and TEM subsets. ... but they also express large amounts of CD95, IL-2Rβ, CXCR3, and LFA-1, and show numerous functional attributes distinctive of ... After antigen clearance, some of these effector cells form memory T cells, either in a randomly determined manner or are ... Through frequent antigen exposure, the population of memory T cells accumulates. This is the memory generation stage, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_T_cell

"Identification of interaction partners of the cytosolic polyproline region of CD95 ligand (CD178)". FEBS Lett. 519 (1-3): 50-8 ... "Serological identification and bioinformatics analysis of immunogenic antigens in multiple myeloma". Cancer Immunol. Immunother ... "Identification of interaction partners of the cytosolic polyproline region of CD95 ligand (CD178)". FEBS Lett. 519 (1-3): 50-8 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNBP1

The B cell can present antigens to helper T cells. If an activated T cell recognizes the peptide presented by the B cell, the ... CD95 and IL-1". Nature. 385 (6616): 540-4. doi:10.1038/385540a0. PMID 9020361. S2CID 4366355. Hu HM, O'Rourke K, Boguski MS, ... The binding of CD154 (CD40L) on TH cells to CD40 activates antigen presenting cells and induces a variety of downstream effects ... Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a costimulatory protein found on antigen-presenting cells and is required for their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD40_(protein)

"Expression of the Grb2-related protein of the lymphoid system in B cell subsets enhances B cell antigen receptor signaling ... "Multiple interactions of the cytosolic polyproline region of the CD95 ligand: hints for the reverse signal transduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRAP2

... is essential for T cell proliferation when the T cell receptor is stimulated by antigen. In contrast, FADD has no effect ... Scaffidi, C.; Schmitz, I.; Krammer, P. H.; Peter, M. E. (1999). "The role of c-FLIP in modulation of CD95-induced apoptosis". ... Huang B, Eberstadt M, Olejniczak ET, Meadows RP, Fesik SW (1996). "NMR structure and mutagenesis of the Fas (APO-1/CD95) death ... Pruul H, McDonald PJ (1995). "Cytotoxicity-dependent APO-1 (Fas/CD95)-associated proteins form a death-inducing signalling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FADD

Activation-induced cell death (AICD) is a programmed cell death caused by the interaction of Fas receptor (Fas, CD95)and Fas ... 1(3):186-92 Kabelitz D, Janssen O. (1997), Antigen-induced death of T-lymphocytes. Front Biosci. 2:d61-77 "Oncosis". Retrieved ... ligand (FasL, CD95 ligand). It occurs as a result of repeated stimulation of specific T-cell receptors (TCR) and it helps to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_death

"Src-related protein tyrosine kinases are physically associated with the surface antigen CD36 in human dermal microvascular ... "Multiple interactions of the cytosolic polyproline region of the CD95 ligand: hints for the reverse signal transduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FYN

2000). "Characterization of a new member of the TNF family expressed on antigen presenting cells.". Biol. Chem. 380 (12): 1443- ... CD95 • CD96 • CD97 • CD98 • CD99 • CD100 ... independent compartments among naïve and antigen-experienced B ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktor_aktivacije_B-ćelija

I. Partial characterization of soluble Ki-1 antigen and detection of the antigen in cell culture supernatants and in serum by ... Josimovic-Alasevic O, Dürkop H, Schwarting R, Backé E, Stein H, Diamantstein T (Jan 1989). "Ki-1 (CD30) antigen is released by ... CD30+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... results from cDNA cloning and sequence comparison of the CD30 antigen from different sources". Molecular Immunology. 31 (17): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD30

Macrophage-1 antigen (CD11b+CD18). *VLA-4 (CD49d+CD29). *Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (ITGA2B+ITGB3) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-selectin

Seligman P. A., Butler C. D., Massey E. J., etal. The p97 antigen is mapped to the q24-qter region of chromosome 3; the same ... Le Beau M. M., Diaz M. O., Plowman G. D., etal. Chromosomal sublocalization of the human p97 melanoma antigen. (англ.) // Hum. ... Plowman G. D., Brown J. P., Enns C. A., etal. Assignment of the gene for human melanoma-associated antigen p97 to chromosome 3 ... Rose T. M., Plowman G. D., Teplow D. B., etal. Primary structure of the human melanoma-associated antigen p97 ( ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Меланотрансферрин

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) also known as CD66e (Cluster of Differentiation 66e), is a ... 2001). "Heterogeneous RNA-binding protein M4 is a receptor for carcinoembryonic antigen in Kupffer cells". J. Biol. Chem. 276 ( ... CEACAM5, CD66e, CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 5. External IDs. HomoloGene: 128801 GeneCards: ... Oikawa S, Nakazato H, Kosaki G (1987). "Primary structure of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) deduced from cDNA sequence". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEACAM5

The protein also carries the Jr(a) antigen, which defines the Junior blood group system.[9] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG2

van Rhenen A., van Dongen G. A., Kelder A., et al. The novel AML stem cell associated antigen CLL-1 aids in discrimination ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEC12A

"Interaction of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta with the DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin". Molecular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDH1_

Ebert LM, McColl SR (2002). "Up-regulation of CCR5 and CCR6 on distinct subpopulations of antigen-activated CD4+ T lymphocytes ... This receptor has been shown to be important for B-lineage maturation and antigen-driven B-cell differentiation, and it may ... dendritic cells induce antitumor immunity when genetically fused with nonimmunogenic tumor antigens". J. Immunol. 167 (11): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_6

It is also called Lewis x and SSEA-1 (stage-specific embryonic antigen 1) and represents a marker for murine pluripotent stem ... CD15 Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... CD15 (3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine) is a cluster of differentiation antigen - an immunologically significant molecule. CD15 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_x

A new ligand for human leukocyte antigen class II antigens". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 176 (2): 327-37. doi:10.1084 ... A new ligand for human leukocyte antigen class II antigens". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 176 (2): 327-37. doi:10.1084 ... antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II. ... antigen binding. • transmembrane signaling receptor activity. • MHC class II protein binding. Cellular component. • membrane. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAG3

... antigen je protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran CD97 genom.[1][2][3] ... CD95 • CD96 • CD97 • CD98 • CD99 • CD100 ... and chromosomal mapping of the leukocyte activation antigen ... 2001). "Tissue distribution of the human CD97 EGF-TM7 receptor". Tissue Antigens 57 (4): 325-31. PMID 11380941. doi:10.1034/j. ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD97

"Entrez Gene: ITGB3 integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61)".. *^ May, K. E.; Villar, J.; Kirtley, S.; ... CD61+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin_beta_3

Fas (a.k.a. Apo-1 or CD95), is another receptor of extrinsic apoptotic signals in the cell membrane, and belongs to the TNF ... The receptors in immature B and T cell membranes are not tailored precisely to coincide with "known" antigen. Rather, they are ... Upon maturation, these dendritic cells present antigen (derived from the apoptotic corpses) to killer T cells, which are then ... Albert described how dendritic Cells, a type of antigen-presenting cells, phagocytose (that is, engulf) apoptotic tumor cells. ...

https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis

CD95 death-inducing signaling complex. • ripoptosome. • nucleoplasm. • protein complex. • mitochondrial outer membrane. • death ... after stimulation through antigen receptors, Fc receptors, or Toll-like receptor 4 in T, B, and natural killer cells.[7] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASP8

"Direct association of adenosine deaminase with a T cell activation antigen, CD26". Science. 261 (5120): 466-9. doi:10.1126/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4

antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I. • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous ... antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I. • lipoprotein transport. • negative ... peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent. • platelet degranulation. • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD36

Primarily, the VCAM-1 protein is an endothelial ligand for VLA-4 (Very Late Antigen-4 or integrin α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCAM1

... uveitis antigens induce CXCR3- and CXCR5-expressing lymphocytes and immature dendritic cells to migrate (англ.) // Blood (англ ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCR5

In addition to aiding with cytotoxic T cell antigen interactions the CD8 co-receptor also plays a role in T cell signaling. The ... the CD8 co-receptor plays a role in T cell signaling and aiding with cytotoxic T cell antigen interactions. ... This affinity keeps the T cell receptor of the cytotoxic T cell and the target cell bound closely together during antigen- ... Once the T cell receptor binds its specific antigen Lck phosphorylates the cytoplasmic CD3 and ζ-chains of the TCR complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD8

antigen binding. • virus receptor activity. • protein binding. • transmembrane signaling receptor activity. • identical protein ... "CDw150 associates with src-homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase and modulates CD95-mediated apoptosis". J. Immunol. 162 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAMF1

1996). "CD88 antibodies specifically bind to C5aR on dermal CD117+ and CD14+ cells and react with a desmosomal antigen in human ... CD95 • CD96 • CD97 • CD98 • CD99 • CD100 ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5a_receptor

CD74 (англ. HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain; HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain) - мембранный белок ... II histocompatibility antigen gamma chaingamma chain of class II antigensIiHLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chainIa antigen ... Riberdy J.M., Newcomb J.R., Surman M.J., Barbosa J.A., Cresswell P. HLA-DR molecules from an antigen-processing mutant cell ... Machamer C.E., Cresswell P. Biosynthesis and glycosylation of the invariant chain associated with HLA-DR antigens (англ.) // ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD74

Antigen karsinoembrionik. *Arginase. *Aril-alkohol dehidrogenase. *Aril-alkohol dehidrogenase (NADP+). *Asam 2,4- ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategori:Rintisan_bertopik_biokimia

1997). "The Oka blood group antigen is a marker for the M6 leukocyte activation antigen, the human homolog of OX-47 antigen, ... 1992). "Human leukocyte activation antigen M6, a member of the Ig superfamily, is the species homologue of rat OX-47, mouse ... Kasinrerk W, Fiebiger E, Stefanová I, Baumruker T, Knapp W, Stockinger H (1992). "Human leukocyte activation antigen M6, a ... Ok blood group system at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basigin

1991). „Expression of the YB5.B8 antigen (c-kit proto-oncogene product) in normal human bone marrow". Blood. 78 (1): 30-7. PMID ... CD95 • CD96 • CD97 • CD98 • CD99 • CD100 ... transduction-associated and cell activation-linked antigens ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD117

Tissue Antigens (англ.)русск. : journal. - 2007. - Vol. 68, no. 6. - P. 509-517. - DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00726.x. - PMID ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1B3

T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell. • T cell antigen ... CD95 · CD96 · CD97 · CD98 · CD99 · CD100 ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM1

CD95 purified from E. coli is a single non-glycosilated polypeptide chain containing amino acids 157-335 of Fas antigen. ... Apoptosis-mediating surface antigen FAS, Apo-1 antigen, CD95 antigen, FAS, APT1, FAS1, TNFRSF6, APO-1, FASTM, ALPS1A. ... The recombinant CD95 is fused to C-terminal 6-histidine amino acids. The FAS antigen is purified by proprietary chromatographic ... Recombinant FAS antigen/ CD95 purified from E. coli is a single non-glycosilated polypeptide chain containing amino acids 157- ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/cd95_human_his

... blocking of TNF together with CD95 prevented deletion induced by antigen injection more profoundly than did blocking of CD95 ... 1996) Homeostatic regulation of CD8+T cells after antigen challenge in the absence of Fas (CD95) Eur J Immunol 26:2903-2910, ... 1996) Expansion or elimination of B cells in vivo: dual roles for CD40- and Fas (CD95)-ligands modulated by the B cell antigen ... 1996) The roles of Fas/APO-1 (CD95) and TNF in antigen-induced programmed cell death in T cell receptor transgenic mice. ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/188/2/415

CD95/APO-1). Whether B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-mediated apoptosis requires Fas or related molecules is unclear. Here we ... Antigen receptor ligation-induced apoptosis of mature T cells and T cell lines requires autocrine or paracrine activation of ... Antigen receptor ligation-induced apoptosis is thought to play a role in self-tolerance by deleting autoreactive lymphocytes. ... Dissection of pathways leading to antigen receptor-induced and Fas/CD95-induced apoptosis in human B cells.. *Susanne M A Lens ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Rapid-B-cell-apoptosis-induced-by-antigen-receptor-Yoshida-Higuchi/d760f3014fc0ae0a787466edd7d948b34d80b353

Find out information about CD95 antigen. see Fès Fès or Fez , Arab. Fas, city , N central Morocco. In a rich agricultural ... CD95 antigen , Article about CD95 antigen by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/CD95+antigen ... redirected from CD95 antigen). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial. Fas:. see FèsFès. or Fez. , Arab. Fas, ...

https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/CD95+antigen

Administration of an antigen at a high dose generates regulatory CD4+ T cells expressing CD95 ligand and secreting IL-4 in the ... Administration of an antigen at a high dose generates regulatory CD4+ T cells expressing CD95 ligand and secreting IL-4 in the ... Administration of an antigen at a high dose generates regulatory CD4+ T cells expressing CD95 ligand and secreting IL-4 in the ... Administration of an antigen at a high dose generates regulatory CD4+ T cells expressing CD95 ligand and secreting IL-4 in the ...

https://mdanderson.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/administration-of-an-antigen-at-a-high-dose-generates-regulatory-

CD95 purified from E. coli is a single non-glycosilated polypeptide chain containing amino acids 157-320 of Fas antigen (base ... pairs 713-1190 of cDNA sequence). The recombinant CD95 is fused to C-terminal 6-histidine amino acids. ... Apoptosis-mediating surface antigen FAS, Apo-1 antigen, CD95 antigen, FAS, APT1, FAS1, TNFRSF6, APO-1, FASTM, ALPS1A.. Product ... Recombinant FAS antigen/ CD95 purified from E. coli is a single non-glycosilated polypeptide chain containing amino acids 157- ...

https://www.promab.com/products/full-length-proteins/recombinant-protein-full/cd-antigens/cd95-human-recombinant-protein

CD95 is expressed on T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and fibroblasts. CD95 expression is upregulated by activation ... CD95 is a 45 kD single chain type I glycoprotein also known as Fas, APO-1, and TNFRSF6. It is a member of the TNF receptor ... Antigen Details Structure TNFR superfamily, type I transmembrane protein, 45 kD Distribution T cells and B cells, monocytes, ... CD95 expression is upregulated by activation. The extracellular region of CD95 binds to CD178 (Fas ligand). CD178 binding to ...

https://www.biolegend.com/en-gb/products/ultra-leaf-purified-anti-human-cd95-fas-antibody-18058

CD95) elicits a characteristic programmed death response in susceptible cells. Using a genetic selection based on protein- ... Antigens, Surface * Proteins * Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor * Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ... RIP: a novel protein containing a death domain that interacts with Fas/APO-1 (CD95) in yeast and causes cell death Cell. 1995 ... Ligation of the extracellular domain of the cell surface receptor Fas/APO-1 (CD95) elicits a characteristic programmed death ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7538908/?dopt=Abstract

Fas (CD95)-independent regulation of immune responses by antigen-specific CD4−CD8+ T cells. Int. Immunol. 8:675-681. ... The deletion of OT-I cells in response to cross-presentation of self-antigen was not prevented by the absence of CD95. Bone ... Homeostatic regulation of CD8+ T cells after antigen challenge in the absence of Fas (CD95). Eur. J. Immunol. 26:2903-2910. ... Rapid B cell apoptosis induced by antigen receptor ligation does not require Fas (CD95/APO-1), the adaptor protein FADD/MORT1 ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/196/7/947

CD95 antigen. *Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6). *Fas AMA. *Fas antigen ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/fas/

The expression of CD95 antigen was examined on adult and cord blood lymphocytes using a highly sensitive immunofluorescence/ ... The FAS antigen (CD95) on human lymphoid cells - epitope analysis with ten antibodies. ... B cells apparently reacting selectively with CD95 antibodies were sorted and CD95 mRNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA and ... in order to confirm the presence of CD95 in cells which reacted selectively and to explore the possible existence of CD95 ...

https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/handle/2440/7878

Shop a large selection of products and learn more about CD95 (APO-1/Fas) Mouse anti-Canine, Human, PE, Clone: DX2, eBioscience ... Antigen. CD95 (APO-1/Fas). Classification. Monoclonal. Concentration. 5 μL/Test. Formulation. PBS with 0.1% gelatin, 0.2 ... CD95 (Fas, APO-1), a 46 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, is a cell death receptor of the TNFR superfamily. Stimulation of CD95 ... Description: The DX2 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD95 (Fas, Apo-1), a 40-50 kDa member of the TNFR superfamily. CD95 ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/cd95-apo-1-fas-mouse-anti-human-pe-clone-dx2-ebioscience-2/50245283?tab=document

This went along with an increase of CD95 an ... 0/Antigens, CD95; 0/Enzyme Inhibitors; 0/FASLG protein, human; ... Antigens, CD95 / biosynthesis*. Aorta / cytology. Apoptosis / drug effects, physiology*. Caspases / drug effects, metabolism. ... the CD95/CD95L expression pattern switched back to CD95-/CD95L+ and the specific death rate decreased. Cyclic pathological ... This went along with an increase of CD95 and CD95L surface expression, shedding of CD95L into the supernatant, cleavage of ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Pathologically-elevated-cyclic-hydrostatic-pressure/15772124.html

CD95 (Fas antigen/APO‐1) is up‐regulated in activated lymphocytes, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD95 induces apoptosis. HLA ... N2 - CD95 (Fas antigen/APO‐1) is up‐regulated in activated lymphocytes, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD95 induces apoptosis ... AB - CD95 (Fas antigen/APO‐1) is up‐regulated in activated lymphocytes, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD95 induces apoptosis ... abstract = "CD95 (Fas antigen/APO‐1) is up‐regulated in activated lymphocytes, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD95 induces ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/ligation-of-hla-class-ii-molecules-promotes-sensitivity-to-cd95-f

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta * Serpins * Thy-1 Antigens * Viral Proteins ... These results provide evidence that the phenotype of lpr mice is not simply due to failure of CD95 to trigger T cell apoptosis ... Here we show that CD2 enhancer-driven expression of crmA in T lymphocytes of transgenic mice (CD2-crmA mice) reduces CD95 (Fas/ ... CrmA Expression in T Lymphocytes of Transgenic Mice Inhibits CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-transduced Apoptosis, but Does Not Cause ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8895561/?dopt=Abstract

Expression of CD95 antigen and Bcl-2 protein in non-Hodgkins lymphomas and Hodgkins disease. American Journal of Pathology. ... Expression of CD95 antigen and Bcl-2 protein in non-Hodgkins lymphomas and Hodgkins disease. / Nguyen, Phuong L.; Harris, ... Nguyen, P. L., Harris, N. L., Ritz, J., & Robertson, M. J. (1996). Expression of CD95 antigen and Bcl-2 protein in non- ... Nguyen, Phuong L. ; Harris, Nancy L. ; Ritz, Jerome ; Robertson, Michael J. / Expression of CD95 antigen and Bcl-2 protein in ...

https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/expression-of-cd95-antigen-and-bcl-2-protein-in-non-hodgkins-lymp

Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen-activated T-cells contributing to the ... CD95 ligand. Short name: CD95-L. Fas antigen ligand. Short name: Fas ligand ... Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen-activated T-cells contributing to the ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P63307

FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T- ... Apo-1 antigen. Apoptosis-mediating surface antigen FAS. FASLG receptor. CD_antigen: CD95 ... FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T- ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O77736

cd95 antigens (1) * celiac disease (1) * chemotherapy regimen (1) * cholestasis (1) * coma (1) ...

https://annals.org/aim/search-results?q=glutamine&fd_JournalID=90

Publications] Yagita, H., et al.: CD95 ligand in graft rejection. Nature.379. 682 (1996). *. Description. 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より ... Publications] Yagita, H., et al.: CD95 ligand in graft rejection. Nature.379. 682 (1996). *. Description. 「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より ... Publications] Yagita,H.,et al.: CD95 ligand in graft rejection. Nature.379. 682 (1996). *. Related Report. 1997 Annual ... Publications] Yagita,H.,et al.: CD95 ligand in graft rejection. Nature. 379. 682 (1996). *. Related

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07407068/

CD95 ligand, that against rat CD86, and those against human CD86, CD95, and CD95 ligand.. 2. Administration of anti-LFA-1/ICAM- ... Publications] Yagita H.: CD95 ligand in graft rejection. Nature. (in press).. *. Description. 「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より ... Publications] Yagita,H.: CD95 ligand in graft rejection. Nature. in press (1996). *. Related Report. 1995 Annual Research ... Publications] Azuma,M.: B70 antigen is a second ligand for CTL,A-4 and CD28. Nature. 366. 76-79 (1993). *. Related Report. ...

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05454211/

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CD95 is a 45 kD single chain type I glycoprotein also known as Fas, APO-1, and TNFRSF6. (biolegend.com)
Fas (Fibroblast-associated), also known as Apo-1, CD95, and TNFRSF6, was originally identified as a cell-surface protein that binds to monoclonal antibodies that are cytolytic for various human cell lines. (novusbio.com)
There are currently no images for Fas/TNFRSF6/CD95 Antibody (NBP2-90364G). (novusbio.com)
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 6 (Apo 1 Antigen or Apoptosis Mediating Surface Antigen FAS or FASLG Receptor or TNFRSF6 or CD95 or FAS) pipeline Target constitutes close to 5 molecules. (researchandmarkets.com)
It also reviews key players involved in Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 6 (Apo 1 Antigen or Apoptosis Mediating Surface Antigen FAS or FASLG Receptor or TNFRSF6 or CD95 or FAS) targeted therapeutics development with respective active and dormant or discontinued projects. (researchandmarkets.com)
The Fas receptor, also known as Fas, FasR, apoptosis antigen 1 (APO-1 or APT), cluster of differentiation 95 (CD95) or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FAS gene. (wikipedia.org)

Although the CD95/CD95L system could play a role in tumor regression, tumor cells seem to down-regulate CD95 expression as a mechanism of resistance to CD95L-induced killing by T lymphocytes and NK cells. (prospecbio.com)
This went along with an increase of CD95 and CD95L surface expression, shedding of CD95L into the supernatant, cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-8, and elevated JNK-2, c-Jun, and CD95L mRNA expression. (biomedsearch.com)
However, after 48 h, the CD95/CD95L expression pattern switched back to CD95-/CD95L+ and the specific death rate decreased. (biomedsearch.com)
Cyclic pathological hydrostatic pressure is a novel type of stress to EC that renders them susceptible to CD95/CD95L-mediated autoapoptosis and/or paracrine apoptosis accompanied by upregulation of intracellular molecules known to trigger both apoptosis and survival. (biomedsearch.com)
Percent cell confluence over time of HeyA8 parental cells in the absence ( left panel ) or in the presence of 20 μM zVAD-fmk ( center panel ), or CD95 k.o. cells ( right panel ) after expression of CD95L constructs. (elifesciences.org)
Note the small amount of truncated CD95L in cells infected with CD95L MUT NP does not have CD95 binding activity. (elifesciences.org)
B ) Western blot analysis of HeyA8 CD95 k.o. cells overexpressing different CD95L mutants. (elifesciences.org)
Its ligand, CD95L (FASL/Apo-1L), is able to induce apoptosis in CD95-expressing cells upon binding. (miltenyibiotec.com)
CD95 and CD95L are up-regulated on lymphocytes upon activation and are known to play a key role in the regulation of an inflammatory response: Juxtocrine "fratricide" of neighbouring lymphocytes via mutual CD95 and CD95L expression helps to terminate immune responses, while apoptosis of pro-inflammatory cells via CD95 helps maintain immune privilege in sites such as the eye, where CD95L is found to be expressed in the retina and cornea. (miltenyibiotec.com)
The other pathway by which CD8 + T cells are capable of efficient in vitro cytolysis is dependent upon interactions between CD95 ligand (CD95L, Fas ligand) on the activated CD8 + T cell and CD95 on the target cell. (jimmunol.org)
In this study, we find that the loss of cIAPs leads to a dramatic sensitization to CD95 ligand (CD95L) killing. (rupress.org)
Consistently, we detect a large increase in RIP1 levels in the CD95 death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and in a secondary cytoplasmic complex (complex II) in the presence of IAP antagonists and loss of RIP1-protected cells from CD95L/IAP antagonist-induced death. (rupress.org)
To determine the extent to which CD95 ligand (CD95L) expressed on corneal epithelium and endothelium influences survival of cornea grafts placed orthotopically and heterotopically in the anterior chamber (AC), an immune-privileged site. (arvojournals.org)
Among these factors, the constitutive expression of CD95 ligand (CD95L, Fas ligand) on numerous ocular cell types (including corneal parenchymal cells) has garnered considerable attention. (arvojournals.org)
3 4 5 CD95L binds to its coreceptor CD95 (Fas) on target cells. (arvojournals.org)
Progressive elimination of CD95 + T cells by antigen-bearing CD95L + cells has been strongly implicated in peripheral immunologic tolerance in adult animals. (arvojournals.org)
Soluble and membrane‐bound CD95L show different stoichiometry (homotrimer versus multimer of homotrimers, respectively), which differentially affects CD95‐mediated signaling through molecular mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. (deepdyve.com)
Several groups reported activity of the soluble CD95 ligand (CD95L) ( 38 ), whereas others ascribe the capacity to induce apoptosis to the membrane-bound form ( 66 , 74 ). (asm.org)

The Fas antigen is expressed on the surface of various cell types, including activated T and B lymphocytes and T lymphoblastoid cell line. (prospecbio.com)
Antigen receptor ligation-induced apoptosis is thought to play a role in self-tolerance by deleting autoreactive lymphocytes. (semanticscholar.org)
CD95 is expressed on T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and fibroblasts. (biolegend.com)
Mice lacking bcl-2 have decreased numbers of lymphocytes ( 13 - 15 ) and conversely, bcl-2 transgenic mice have enhanced survival of antigen stimulated lymphocytes and prolonged immune responses ( 16 - 19 ). (rupress.org)
The expression of CD95 antigen was examined on adult and cord blood lymphocytes using a highly sensitive immunofluorescence/flow cytometric procedure. (edu.au)
CD95 (Fas antigen/APO‐1) is up‐regulated in activated lymphocytes, and monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD95 induces apoptosis. (elsevier.com)
CD95 is expressed by a broad range of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and fibroblasts. (fishersci.com)
Interaction of CD95 on mature lymphocytes with its ligand (FasL) induces apoptosis and is thought to be important in peripheral tolerance. (fishersci.com)
Present on a minority of resting blood lymphocytes, CD95 expression is upregulated on activated T and B lymphocytes and natural killer cells, where binding of the antigen by anti-Fas and anti-APO-1 antibodies has been shown to induce apoptosis. (elsevier.com)
Here we show that CD2 enhancer-driven expression of crmA in T lymphocytes of transgenic mice (CD2-crmA mice) reduces CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-transduced apoptosis in vitro to the level seen in CD95-deficient mutant lpr mice, but does not protect against gamma-radiation or corticosteroid-induced cell death. (nih.gov)
An optimal antitumor immune response usually requires activation of CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes with a tumor-associated antigen. (aacrjournals.org)
The depletion was associated with the expression of CD95 (Fas receptor) on the surface of T lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Lymphocytes circulating in the peripheral blood could have already committed to a vast number of non-self-antigens derived mostly from microbial products before being recruited into the experiment. (biomedcentral.com)
The APO-1 antigen as defined by the mouse monoclonal antibody anti-APO-1 was previously found to be expressed on the cell surface of activated human T and B lymphocytes and a variety of malignant human lymphoid cell lines. (uni-regensburg.de)
CD95 is preferentially expressed on CD45RO-positive memory T lymphocytes and γ/δ T lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
However, stimulation of T lymphocytes with suboptimal doses of anti-CD3 or antigen revealed increased proliferative responses in T cells from c-FLIP L Tg mice. (asm.org)

Description: The DX2 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD95 (Fas, Apo-1), a 40-50 kDa member of the TNFR superfamily. (fishersci.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: CD95 (APO-1/Fas) Monoclonal Antibody (DX2), APC, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 17-0959-42, RRID AB_10807091. (thermofisher.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: CD95 (APO-1/Fas) Monoclonal Antibody (EOS9.1), Functional Grade, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 16-0958-81, RRID AB_469036. (thermofisher.com)
Cross-linking of CD95 receptors by DX2 monoclonal antibody has been described to induce apoptosis in certain target cells. (miltenyibiotec.com)
A FAS (CD95) specific mouse monoclonal antibody has been precoated onto 96-well plates. (abcam.com)
The DX2 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the human Fas antigen (also called APO-1). (bdbiosciences.com)
Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells express Fas antigen and show apoptosis after treatment with an anti-Fas monoclonal antibody. (ovid.com)

Antigen receptor cross-linking by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies coupled to cell surface membrane induces rapid apoptosis of normal spleen B cells. (semanticscholar.org)
The majority of circulating B cells did not react with seven CD95 antibodies, but three antibodies did stain B cells. (edu.au)
Because different antibodies stained different proportions of B cells, CD95 epitopes were examined by inhibition, additive binding and protease susceptibility studies using a panel of ten CD95 antibodies. (edu.au)
B cells apparently reacting selectively with CD95 antibodies were sorted and CD95 mRNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA and analyzed, in order to confirm the presence of CD95 in cells which reacted selectively and to explore the possible existence of CD95 isoforms. (edu.au)
B) HIV-1Ba-L exposure increases CD95/Fas apoptosis of T cells, which is inhibited by a TLR7/9 antagonist and anti-IFNα/β receptor blocking antibodies. (nih.gov)
Sensitivity to CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis shown for CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells from healthy donors following a 72 hour exposure to HIV-1Ba-L in the presence or absence of anti-IFNα/β receptor blocking antibodies or a TLR7/9 antagonist (n = 5). (nih.gov)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stained with CD95 (FAS) antibodies as well as CD45RO and CD4 antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. (miltenyibiotec.com)
Rhesus monkey (A) or cynomolgus monkey (B) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stained with CD95 (FAS) antibodies and with CD3 antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. (miltenyibiotec.com)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the production of antibodies with specificity for a wide range of self-antigens ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
Antinuclear antibodies directed against antigenic components of the cell nucleus, such as nucleosomal antigens, are a key feature of SLE. (bmj.com)

Rapid B cell apoptosis induced by antigen receptor ligation does not require Fas (CD95/APO-1), the adaptor protein FADD/MORT1 or CrmA-sensitive caspases but is defective in both MRL-+/+ and MRL-lpr/lpr mice. (semanticscholar.org)
The APO2.7 antigen (also named 7A6 antigen) is a 38 kDa protein localized on the membrane of mitochondria whose expression appears to be restricted to cells undergoing apoptosis. (beckman.com)
The deduced amino acid sequence of APO-1 showed sequence identity with the Fas antigen, a cysteine-rich transmembrane protein of 335 amino acids with significant similarity to the members of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily. (uni-regensburg.de)
TR6 mRNA and protein were detectable in selected antigen-presenting cells. (asm.org)
Monocytes and myeloid-derived dendritic cells (MDC) released the protein exclusively following stimulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 by gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial antigens. (asm.org)
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, activated by bacterial antigens via TLR9 or by viral infection, did not produce the protein. (asm.org)
Kosiewicz MM, Alard P, Streilein JW: Alterations in cytokine production following intraocular injection of soluble protein antigen: impairment in IFN-gamma and induction of TGF-beta and IL-4 production. (springer.com)
CD95 is a protein involved in mediated cell death of eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)

Active apoptosis, or activation-induced cell death (AICD), is mediated by certain members of the TNF receptor (TNF-R) superfamily, including CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and TNF-R1 ( 9 , 10 ). (rupress.org)
CD95 (Fas, APO-1), a 46 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, is a cell death receptor of the TNFR superfamily. (fishersci.com)
CD95 (APO-1/Fas) is a member of the superfamily that includes the nerve growth factor and tumor necrosis factor receptors, OX40, CD27, CD30, and CD40. (elsevier.com)
also named CD95 and APO-1) is a 45 kDa type I transmembrane (TM) glycoprotein that is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily (1 - 3). (rndsystems.com)
FAS (Fas, CD95, APO-1) is a 46 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a cell death receptor of the TNFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor) superfamily. (thermofisher.com)
CD95, also known as FAS or Apo-1, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR) and is found on the surface of many normal and neoplastically transformed cells. (miltenyibiotec.com)
The antibody LT95 reacts with an extracellular epitope on CD95 (Fas/APO-1), a 46 kDa single chain type I glycoprotein of the tumour necrosis factor/nerve growth factor (TNF/NGF) receptor superfamily, expressed on a variety of normal and neoplastic cells. (exbio.cz)
Purification and molecular cloning of the APO-1 cell surface antigen, a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily. (uni-regensburg.de)
Legembre, Patrick 2018-01-01 00:00:00 CD95 (also known as Fas) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. (deepdyve.com)
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 9 (4-1BB Ligand Receptor or T Cell Antigen 4-1BB Homolog or T Cell Antigen ILA or CD137 or TNFRSF9) - Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9), also known as CD137 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. (researchandmarkets.com)
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 9 (4-1BB Ligand Receptor or T Cell Antigen 4-1BB Homolog or T Cell Antigen ILA or CD137 or TNFRSF9) pipeline Target constitutes close to 28 molecules. (researchandmarkets.com)
The latest report Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 9 - Pipeline Review, H1 2018, outlays comprehensive information on the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 9 (4-1BB Ligand Receptor or T Cell Antigen 4-1BB Homolog or T Cell Antigen ILA or CD137 or TNFRSF9) targeted therapeutics, complete with analysis by indications, stage of development, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. (researchandmarkets.com)
It also reviews key players involved in Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily Member 9 (4-1BB Ligand Receptor or T Cell Antigen 4-1BB Homolog or T Cell Antigen ILA or CD137 or TNFRSF9) targeted therapeutics development with respective active and dormant or discontinued projects. (researchandmarkets.com)
Fas antigen (Apo-1/CD95) is an apoptosis-signaling cell surface receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. (ovid.com)
Fas/APO-1/CD95 (36 kDa) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, a family of transmembrane receptors. (sigmaaldrich.com)

This B cell fate decision is determined by the concerted action of two surface proteins on activated T cells, CD40-and Fas-ligands (CD40L and FasL), whose effects are switched by signals from the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). (nih.gov)
Foreign antigens that stimulate the BCR acutely cause CD40L and FasL to promote clonal proliferation. (nih.gov)
CD40L and FasL trigger deletion, however, when the BCRs become desensitized by chronic stimulation with self-antigens or when BCRs have not bound an antigen. (nih.gov)

Get results in 90 minutes with Human FASLG Receptor ELISA Kit (CD95) ( ab183360 ) from our SimpleStep ELISA ® range. (abcam.com)

Recently, we demonstrated that major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cross-presentation of exogenous self-antigens can induce peripheral T cell tolerance by deletion of autoreactive CD8 + T cells. (rupress.org)
In this study, we investigated the role of CD95 and TNFR2 in the deletion of CD8 + T cells induced by cross-presentation of self-antigens. (rupress.org)
Tissue-associated self-antigens can also be cross-presented by DCs ( 2 ). (rupress.org)
Signals from CD4+ T cells induce two opposite fates in B cells: clonal proliferation of B cells that bind specifically to foreign antigens and clonal deletion of equivalent B cells that bind self-antigens. (nih.gov)
Development of autoimmunity to ocular components may be based on several events, including release of self antigens after tissue damage by microfilariae and on immunologic cross-reactivity between the parasite and the host. (arvojournals.org)

CD95 is also expressed in a broad panel of non-transformed cells outside the immune system. (prospecbio.com)
Wild-type and TNFR2-deficient OT-I cells were activated and then deleted when transferred into RIP-mOVA mice, whereas CD95-deficient OT-I cells were not susceptible to deletion by cross-presentation. (rupress.org)
Furthermore, cross-presentation led to upregulation of the CD95 molecule on the surface of wild-type OT-I cells in vivo, consistent with the idea that this is linked to rendering autoreactive T cells susceptible to CD95-mediated signaling. (rupress.org)
This study represents the first evidence that CD95 is involved in the deletion of autoreactive CD8 + T cells in the whole animal. (rupress.org)
Exogenous antigens derived from nonlymphoid tissues can be presented by professional APCs to naive CD8 + T cells by a mechanism termed cross-presentation. (rupress.org)
Antigen receptor ligation-induced apoptosis of mature T cells and T cell lines requires autocrine or paracrine activation of Fas (CD95/APO-1). (semanticscholar.org)
By transgenic expression of ovalbumin (OVA) as a model self antigen in the β cells of the pancreas, we have shown that self tolerance can be maintained by the cross-presentation of this antigen on dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes. (rupress.org)
Bim-deficient T cells were not deleted in response to cross-presented self-antigen, strongly implicating Bim as the pro-apoptotic mediator of cross-tolerance. (rupress.org)
CD8 T cells recognize antigen presented by MHC class I molecules. (rupress.org)
This creates the potential for autoimmunity when antigens whose expression is limited to peripheral tissues are cross-presented to autoreactive CD8 T cells. (rupress.org)
However, we have shown that cross-presentation of self antigen leads to deletion of naive, autoreactive CD8 T cells. (rupress.org)
Apoptosis is involved in many aspects of the control of peripheral T cell numbers including: normal cell turnover in naive (unimmunized) animals, reduction of the pool of activated, antigen-specific T cells at the termination of an immune response, and maintenance of peripheral tolerance to tissue antigens ( 7 , 8 ). (rupress.org)
CD95 was expressed by the majority of circulating blood T cells in adults, and by a smaller proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in cord blood. (edu.au)
Ligation of the extracellular domain of the cell surface receptor Fas/APO-1 (CD95) elicits a characteristic programmed death response in susceptible cells. (nih.gov)
Taken together, ligation of HLA class II molecules apparently promotes CD95‐mediated apoptosis in immature B cells and non‐Burkitt B blasts. (elsevier.com)
These findings highlight the role of HLA class II molecules in CD95‐mediated apoptosis, which may facilitate rapid clearance of functionally useless cells from the immune system and might be involved in negative selection of B cells. (elsevier.com)
Pathologically elevated cyclic hydrostatic pressure induces CD95-mediated apoptotic cell death in vascular endothelial cells. (biomedsearch.com)
Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen-activated T-cells contributing to the termination of immune responses. (uniprot.org)
FAS-mediated apoptosis may have a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance, in the antigen-stimulated suicide of mature T-cells, or both (By similarity). (uniprot.org)
Expansion or elimination of B cells in vivo: dual roles for CD40- and Fas (CD95)-ligands modulated by the B cell antigen receptor. (nih.gov)
Darnell, 1996 ), these observations suggest a model for PND in which the expression of onconeural antigens in tumor cells initiates an appropriate immune response that subsequently develops into autoimmune neurological disease. (jneurosci.org)
A ) Schematic of the genomic locations and sequences of the gRNAs used to excise the entire CD95 gene in MCF-7 cells. (elifesciences.org)
cells and three clones infected with Cas9 only (Cas9) and two homozygous complete CD95 k.o. clones (F2 and FA4) are shown. (elifesciences.org)
B ) Percent cell confluence over time of HeyA8 CD95 k.o. cells (cl. (elifesciences.org)
A ) Phase-contrast images of HeyA8 and HeyA8 CD95 k.o. cells (cl. (elifesciences.org)
Ex vivo analysis of eight pro- and anti-apoptotic molecules in chronic HIV-1 infection revealed that pro-apoptotic Bak was increased in CD4+ T cells and correlated directly with sensitivity to CD95/Fas-mediated apoptosis and inversely with CD4+ T cell counts. (nih.gov)
Knockdown of Bak by RNA interference inhibited CD95/Fas-induced death of T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals. (nih.gov)
In vitro IFNα/β stimulation enhanced Bak expression, CD95/Fas expression and CD95/Fas-mediated apoptosis in healthy donor T cells and induced death of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from HIV-1-infected patients. (nih.gov)
HIV-1 in vitro sensitized T cells to CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis and this was Toll-like receptor (TLR)7/9- and Type I IFN-dependent. (nih.gov)
These findings indicate that CD4 + cell lines specific to the antigen Ov39 can induce ocular inflammation in naïve rats and suggest that recruitment of CD8 + T cells may play a regulatory role. (arvojournals.org)
In vivo, PO-derived CD8 + T cells provide specific antilisterial immunity in B6 hosts, CD95-deficient hosts, and IFN-γ-depleted hosts. (jimmunol.org)
These results indicate that single Ag-specific CD8 + T cells derived from PO mice can mediate antilisterial immunity by a mechanism that is independent of CD95 or IFN-γ, but requires TNF-α. (jimmunol.org)
The estrogen receptor-binding fragment-associated antigen 9 ( EBAG9 ) has been identified as a primary estrogen-responsive gene in human breast cancer MCF7 cells. (aacrjournals.org)
CD8 + T cells are activated by antigen presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules whereas CD4 + T cells are activated by antigen presented by HLA class II molecules, normally expressed on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. (aacrjournals.org)
A rational approach to build on the encouraging results in these two tumor systems (melanoma and renal cell carcinoma) would be to provide patient T cells the power to recognize tumor-associated antigens by design. (aacrjournals.org)
When expressed by gene therapy techniques in recipient T cells, the resulting designer T cells are redirected by the neo-specificity of the CIR to attack tumors expressing the surface antigen recognized by the immunoglobulin. (aacrjournals.org)
Further, being non-MHC dependent means that the T cells are not thwarted by mutations affecting antigen processing (TAP proteins) or down-regulation of MHC that can lead to tumor evasion ( 3 , 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
We analyzed changes in surface markers of peripheral blood T cells, ex vivo antigen-specific T cell responses, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity (kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, KTR), plasma neopterin concentration, and the in vitro expression of progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) in response to peripheral blood mononuclear cell culture with progesterone. (frontiersin.org)
Antigens expressed in apoptotic cells are common targets for autoantibodies, which suggests that abnormalities of apoptosis are an important mechanism underlying autoantibody production and SLE. (bmj.com)
Research studies have shown that less than 2% of peripheral T cells from normal donors expressed the APO2.7 antigen. (beckman.com)
A novel in vitro model of mononuclear cells (MNCs) generated from haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was developed and these cells were then co-cultured with various antigens from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax to investigate the response of naïve immune cells to malaria antigens by flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, antigen presenting monocytes and dendritic cells derived from haematopoietic stem cells showed impaired HLA-DR expression as a consequence of exposure to different species of malaria parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
Cross-linking of the APO-1 antigen by anti-APO-1 induced programmed cell death, apoptosis, of APO-1 positive cells. (uni-regensburg.de)
The APO-1 antigen was expressed upon transfection of APO-1 cDNA into BL60-P7 Burkitt's lymphoma cells and conferred sensitivity towards anti-APO-1-induced apoptosis to the transfectants. (uni-regensburg.de)
1 , 2 , 4 B cells are potent antigen presenting cells and efficiently drive autoimmune T cell responses. (bmj.com)
These peptide-specific CTL have been employed to demonstrate the requirements for CD8 + CTL-mediated lysis of Ag-free bystander cells and in particular the different properties of CTL activated by antigen versus a nonspecific stimulus. (asm.org)
Innate T cells are heterogeneous population of T cells that acquire effector/memory phenotype as a result of their maturation process in thymus, unlike conventional T cells that differentiate into memory cells after antigen encounter in periphery. (prolekare.cz)
In addition to the well-described on-target CTL anti-tumor cytotoxicity, Fas has been ascribed with a distinct function - the induction of bystander tumor cell death even amongst cognate antigen non-expressing (bystander) cells. (wikipedia.org)
Vitamin E inhibits CD95 ligand expression and protects T cells from activation-induced cell death," The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
There is a 60%-to-70% drop in CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral lymphocyte populations during the first four to six days of acute illness, caused by massive "bystander" apoptosis of these non-infected cells via the CD95 (Fas) pathway. (thefreedictionary.com)
This antibody recognizes the human cell surface antigen Fas, Mr 43 kDa expressed in various human cells, including myeloid cells, T lympho-blastoid cells, and diploid fibroblasts. (sigmaaldrich.com)
[ 2 ] Lymphocytosis results from the expansion of an oligoclonal population of activated and antigen-stimulated T helper 2 (T H 2) cells that produce elevated levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 5 (IL-5). (medscape.com)
13 In addition, the altered antigenicity of newer strains allows HIV to evade the immune response-for example, strains producing mutated p24 antigen might outstrip responding cytotoxic T cells. (bmj.com)
The Fas receptor (CD95) mediates apoptotic signaling by Fas-ligand expressed on the surface of other cells. (prospecbio.com)
Upon encounter of specific antigenic peptides presented by antigen-presenting cells, T cells become activated and enter the cell cycle. (asm.org)
Once the effector cells have successfully performed their prescribed function, the expanded pool of antigen-specific T-cell clones needs to be reduced to its original size. (asm.org)
Both for the effector function of cytolytic T cells and in the elimination of expanded T cells, cell death signals transmitted by Fas/CD95 are of key importance ( 30 ). (asm.org)
Tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are attractive agents for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that are mediated, at least in part, by antigen-specific autoreactive T cells. (springer.com)
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-treated antigen-presenting cells induce a very potent form of tolerance in mice. (springer.com)
In this model, F4/80 peritoneal exudate cells (macrophages) cultured with antigen and TGF-β2 injected iv induce populations of regulatory T cells that mediate long-lasting antigen-specific tolerance in mice. (springer.com)
Wilbanks GA, Streilein JW: Characterization of suppressor cells in anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) induced by soluble antigen. (springer.com)

These results demonstrate a fundamental role for RIP1 in CD95 signaling and provide support for a physiological role of caspase-independent death receptor-mediated cell death. (rupress.org)
This review discusses the biological roles of CD95 in light of recent experiments addressing how a death receptor can trigger both apoptotic and nonapoptotic signaling pathways. (deepdyve.com)
Lipid rafts and raft- mediated supramolecular entities in the regulation of CD95 death receptor apoptotic signaling. (thefreedictionary.com)
Vollmar, Helenalin Triggers a CD95 Death Receptor- Independent Apoptosis that is Not Affected by Overexpression of Bcl-xL or Bcl-2. (thefreedictionary.com)
Among these, CD95 is the best-characterized death receptor ( 65 ). (asm.org)
The caspase 8 inhibitor c-FLIP L can act in vitro as a molecular switch between cell death and growth signals transmitted by the death receptor Fas (CD95). (asm.org)
As with all death receptors, the prototypic death receptor Fas/CD95 contains within its cytoplasmic tail a 60-amino-acid death domain (DD) motif ( 35 , 44 ). (asm.org)

Among the death receptors, the CD95 DISC has been characterized most extensively. (asm.org)

D ) Surface staining for CD95 of one wt and one k.o. clone. (elifesciences.org)
Flow cytometry analysis of Fas (CD95) expression on the surface of various hematopoietic cell lines with purified anti-human CD95 (LT95) (detection by Goat anti-mouse IgG1 PE). (exbio.cz)
Thus, the name Fas is derived from FS-7-associated surface antigen. (wikipedia.org)
Expression levels of cell surface antigens such as CD38 and HLA-DR are related to HIV disease stages. (biomedcentral.com)
To date, the immunophenotyping of cell surface antigens relies on flow cytometry, allowing estimation of 3-6 markers at a time. (biomedcentral.com)
The recently described DotScan antibody microarray technology enables the simultaneous analysis of a large number of cell surface antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
Pairwise comparisons identified 17 statistically differential cell surface antigens including 5 novel ones (CD212b1, CD218a, CD183, CD3 epsilon and CD9), not previously reported. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study not only confirmed cell surface antigens previously reported to be related to HIV disease stages, but also identified 5 novel ones. (biomedcentral.com)
For the first time our study shows how density of cell surface antigens could be efficiently exploited in an array manner in relation to HIV disease stages. (biomedcentral.com)
The recently developed antibody microarray technology enables the simultaneous analysis of a large number of cell surface antigens on a single chip. (biomedcentral.com)
12 ], who used a similar antibody microarray to demonstrate the conservation of unique cell surface antigen mosaics in cryopreserved PBMCs from HIV+ individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
Mycoplasma crocodyli is much less virulent than M. alligatoris, lacking the genes for adhesins, variable surface antigens, and sialidases found in M. alligatoris. (wikipedia.org)

CD178 binding to CD95 induces apoptosis, and has been shown to play a role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. (biolegend.com)

Results of the study showed that M. alligatoris produces an infection that changes the morphology in cardiac fibroblasts, increasing CD95 expression leading to cell death. (wikipedia.org)

Crosslinking CD95 with DX2 antibody delivers an apoptotic signal indicating that DX2 recognizes a functional epitope of the CD95 antigen. (bdbiosciences.com)

Human T-cell leukemia cell line, Jurkat, was stimulated (5 hours) with (top) or without (bottom) LEAF™ purified anti-CD95 (clone EOS9.1), then stained with Annexin V Alexa Fluor® 647 and 7-Aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD). (biolegend.com)
Characterization of the nature of the disorders and the onconeural antigens has been advanced by the use of PND antisera to clone cDNAs encoding the antigens. (jneurosci.org)

Park DR, Thomsen AR, Frevert CW, Pham U, Skerrett SJ, Kiener PA, Liles WC: Fas (CD95) induces proinflammatory cytokine responses by human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. (exbio.cz)

Access of antigen to the MHC class I presentation pathway was originally thought to be restricted to endogenous proteins, i.e., those expressed within the cytoplasm of the cell presenting the antigen. (rupress.org)
It is believed that the PNDs are immune-mediated, arising when systemic tumors express proteins (called onconeural antigens) that are normally entirely restricted in their expression to immune-privileged neurons. (jneurosci.org)
This strategy is designed to bypass a major drawback of cancer immunotherapies, which have been hampered by the fact that most "tumor antigens" are normal self-proteins to which the patient is already tolerized. (aacrjournals.org)

Whether B cell antigen receptor (BCR)-mediated apoptosis requires Fas or related molecules is unclear. (semanticscholar.org)
HLA class II molecules play a key role in antigen presentation, ligation of which induces signal transduction. (elsevier.com)
We examined 18 lymphoid cell lines (15 B cell and 3 T cell lines) to investigate the effects of ligation of HLA class II molecules on CD95‐mediated apoptosis. (elsevier.com)
All of the five immature B cell lines were sensitive to anti‐CD95 mAb, and ligation of HLA class II molecules promoted CD95‐mediated apoptosis. (elsevier.com)
Ligation of HLA class II molecules did not alter CD95 expression in the five cell lines examined, except Su‐DHL‐4 originated from a follicular lymphoma, which showed slight up‐regulation. (elsevier.com)
Soluble CD95 (sCD95) molecules are formed as an alternative mRNA splice variant and as a proteolytically cleaved fragment of the transmembrane molecule CD95. (bmj.com)

Abcam's Human FAS (CD95) in vitro ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit is designed for the accurate quantitative measurement of Human FAS (CD95) in cell culture supernatants, serum and plasma (heparin, EDTA, citrate). (abcam.com)

Ligation of CD95, in some cell types, leads to intracellular signaling events that also activate the caspase cascade and induce PCD ( 16 ). (jimmunol.org)
The APO2.7 antigen can be detected after apoptosis induction via CD95/Fas ligation, irradiation or drug treatment. (beckman.com)

OBJECTIVE Plasma concentrations of soluble CD95 (sCD95) are raised in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) before clinical relapses become manifest. (bmj.com)
RESULTS Soluble CD95 concentrations in relatives of patients with severe SLE were similar to those in relatives of patients with non-severe SLE, relatives of patients with CCLE, and controls (median (interquartile range) sCD95 concentration 0.59 (0.52-0.66) v 0.57 (0.50-0.63), 0.56 (0.51-0.71), and 0.55 (0.49-0.61) ng/ml, p=0.25, p=0.94, and p=0.17, respectively). (bmj.com)
CONCLUSION Soluble CD95 concentrations are associated with severity of the disease and not with susceptibility for severe SLE. (bmj.com)

We hypothesized that antigen-specific T cell responses are modulated by an inhibitory T cell phenotype and modified dendritic cell (DC) phenotype in a gestation-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)

This 45 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein was designated as CD95 at the Fifth HLDA Workshop. (bdbiosciences.com)

6 Gene transfer studies indicate that a molecule largely responsible for autoantibody production is CD95 (Apo-1, Fas), which is a key molecule in apoptosis regulation. (bmj.com)

Recombinant FAS antigen/ CD95 purified from E. coli is a single non-glycosilated polypeptide chain containing amino acids 157-335 of Fas antigen. (prospecbio.com)
The Fas/CD95 antigen is a polypeptide that plays a role in the programmed sequence of events leading to cell death, termed apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)

CD95 expression is upregulated by activation. (biolegend.com)
In seven B‐blastoid cell lines, two Burkitt lines were resistant to anti‐CD95 mAb in spite of high expression of CD95. (elsevier.com)
This CD95-mediated apoptosis is at least partially inhibited by expression of the Bcl-2 protooncogene. (elsevier.com)
To evaluate possible roles of CD95 and Bcl-2 in growth regulation of lymphoid neoplasms, we studied by immunohistochemistry the expression of CD95 and Bcl-2 in 67 B- and 5 T-cell lympbomas, and 10 cases of Hodgkin's disease. (elsevier.com)
The infrequent expression of CD95 in high-grade B-cell lymphomas suggests an association between loss ofCD95 expression/function and a more aggressive tumor grade. (elsevier.com)
In HIV-1-infected patients, IFNα-stimulated gene expression correlated positively with ex vivo T cell Bak levels, CD95/Fas-mediated apoptosis and viremia and negatively with CD4+ T cell counts. (nih.gov)
In this study, we investigated whether epithelial human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression allowed discrimination between high and low tumor recurrence rates, and analyzed the mechanism behind its expression. (aacrjournals.org)
A novel mechanism has been suggested: by selectively impairing recombination at certain coding flanks, a RAG mutant can cause primary repertoire restriction, as opposed to a more random, limited repertoire that develops secondary to severely diminished recombination activity, with autoimmune manifestations related to decreased thymic expression of tissue-specific antigens. (medscape.com)
Sialidase, in combination with hyaluronidase, is thought to act as a virulence factor responsible for the pathogenicity of the organism, working together as potential promoters of the expression of CD95 (FasR). (wikipedia.org)

04). Two of three peripheral T-cell lymphomas - including one anaplastic large cell lymphoma-expressed CD95. (elsevier.com)
1. Evidence that an antigen-specific, ACAID-inducing, cell-associated signal exists in the peripheral blood. (springer.com)

Molecular mimicry or immunologic cross-reactivities between host and bacterial or viral antigens have been suggested to have a role in the development of a number of autoimmune diseases. (arvojournals.org)
Early HIV infection is characterised by active viral replication, with high amounts of viral RNA, recoverable virus, or viral antigens such as p24 being found. (bmj.com)

The recombinant CD95 is fused to C-terminal 6-histidine amino acids. (prospecbio.com)

To date, the immunophenotyping of CD antigens relies on flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of refractory leukemias and lymphomas, but is associated with significant toxicities, namely cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
Gupta, Sorab 2018-05-04 00:00:00 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is genetically engineered tumor antigen-specific anticancer immunotherapy, which after showing great success in hematological malignancies is currently being tried in advanced solid tumors like pancreatic cancer. (deepdyve.com)

In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the APO-1 antigen was found to be a membrane glycoprotein of 48-kDa. (uni-regensburg.de)

The density of yellow coloration is directly proportional to the Human FAS (CD95) amount of sample captured in plate. (abcam.com)

Stimulation of CD95 results in aggregation of its intracellular death domains, formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and activation of caspases. (fishersci.com)

The product is a CD95 ligand inhibitor which restores the immune response against tumours and inhibits invasive tumour cell growth. (thefreedictionary.com)

These results provide evidence that the phenotype of lpr mice is not simply due to failure of CD95 to trigger T cell apoptosis mediated by ICE. (nih.gov)

Anatomy29

Organisms10

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs157

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

JNK2 is required for efficient T-cell activation and apoptosis but not for normal lymphocyte development. (1/4475)

Caspase 3 inactivation to suppress Fas-mediated apoptosis: identification of binding domain with p21 and ILP and inactivation machinery by p21. (2/4475)

Activation-dependent transcriptional regulation of the human Fas promoter requires NF-kappaB p50-p65 recruitment. (3/4475)

Antitumor effect of allogenic fibroblasts engineered to express Fas ligand (FasL). (4/4475)

Fas/Apo [apoptosis]-1 and associated proteins in the differentiating cerebral cortex: induction of caspase-dependent cell death and activation of NF-kappaB. (5/4475)

Clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis from the murine genital mucosa does not require perforin-mediated cytolysis or Fas-mediated apoptosis. (6/4475)

In vitro induction of activation-induced cell death in lymphocytes from chronic periodontal lesions by exogenous Fas ligand. (7/4475)

Fas and Fas ligand interaction induces apoptosis in inflammatory myopathies: CD4+ T cells cause muscle cell injury directly in polymyositis. (8/4475)

Antigens

Antigens, CD

Antigens, CD8

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, CD3

Antigens, Surface

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, CD38

Antigens, CD34

Antigens, CD19

Antigens, CD40

CD40 Ligand

Antigens, CD20

Antigens, Viral

Antigens, CD28

Antigens, CD44

Antigens, CD7

Antigens, CD14

Antigens, CD2

CD4-CD8 Ratio

Antigens, CD5

Antigens, Differentiation

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, CD1

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Antigens, CD56

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase

Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic

Antigens, CD80

Antigens, CD53

Antigens, CD24

Antigens, CD13

Antigens, Protozoan

T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, CD86

Flow Cytometry

B-Lymphocytes

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Antigens, CD95

HLA Antigens

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte

Antigens, CD45

Immunophenotyping

NAD+ Nucleosidase

Antigens, Fungal

Molecular Sequence Data

H-2 Antigens

Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3

Antigens, Helminth

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Antigens, CD18

Lymphocyte Activation

Antigens, CD30

Membrane Glycoproteins

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Epitopes

Antigens, CD9

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

HLA-DR Antigens

Antigens, CD15

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

Cell Line

Antigens, CD43

Antigens, CD36

Amino Acid Sequence

Antigens, CD11

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Histocompatibility Antigens

Antigens, CD59

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Antigens, CD57

Antigens, CD70

Antigens, CD46

Lectins, C-Type

Antigens, CD58

Antigens, CD4

Antigens, CD47

Antigens, CD11b