Antigens cd38. Medical search

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and HYDROLYSIS of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from NAD+ to ADP-RIBOSE. It is a cell surface molecule which is predominantly expressed on LYMPHOID CELLS and MYELOID CELLS.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

A membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells that binds to CD40 ANTIGENS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and induces their proliferation. Mutation of the gene for CD40 ligand is a cause of HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 1.

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Costimulatory T-LYMPHOCYTE receptors that have specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN. Activation of this receptor results in increased T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival.

Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. CD44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential hematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells.

Glycolipid-anchored membrane glycoproteins expressed on cells of the myelomonocyte lineage including monocytes, macrophages, and some granulocytes. They function as receptors for the complex of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein.

Glycoprotein members of the immunoglobulin superfamily which participate in T-cell adhesion and activation. They are expressed on most peripheral T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and thymocytes, and function as co-receptors or accessory molecules in the T-cell receptor complex.

Ratio of T-LYMPHOCYTES that express the CD4 ANTIGEN to those that express the CD8 ANTIGEN. This value is commonly assessed in the diagnosis and staging of diseases affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM including HIV INFECTIONS.

Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The 140 kDa isoform of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) containing a transmembrane domain and short cytoplasmic tail. It is expressed by all lymphocytes mediating non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity and is present on some neural tissues and tumors.

Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and normal and neoplastic transformation. Their phenotypic characterization is important in differential diagnosis and studies of thymic ontogeny and T-cell function.

A membrane-bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme generally catalyzes the hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-RIBOSE, as well, and sometimes the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose 2' phosphate (2'-P-cADPR) from NADP.

Surface antigens expressed on myeloid cells of the granulocyte-monocyte-histiocyte series during differentiation. Analysis of their reactivity in normal and malignant myelomonocytic cells is useful in identifying and classifying human leukemias and lymphomas.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Tetraspanin proteins found at high levels in cells of the lymphoid-myeloid lineage. CD53 antigens may be involved regulating the differentiation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and the activation of B-LYMPHOCYTES.

A cell adhesion protein that was originally identified as a heat stable antigen in mice. It is involved in METASTASIS and is highly expressed in many NEOPLASMS.

Zinc-binding metalloproteases that are members of the type II integral membrane metalloproteases. They are expressed by GRANULOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and their precursors as well as by various non-hematopoietic cells. They release an N-terminal amino acid from a peptide, amide or arylamide.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Membrane antigens associated with maturation stages of B-lymphocytes, often expressed in tumors of B-cell origin.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

A 67-kDa sialic acid binding lectin that is specific for MYELOID CELLS and MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE PRECURSOR CELLS. This protein is the smallest siglec subtype and contains a single immunoglobulin C2-set domain. It may play a role in intracellular signaling via its interaction with SHP-1 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE and SHP-2 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the CD11 family of leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION). A defect in the gene encoding CD18 causes LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may play a role in the regulation of NF-KAPPA B and APOPTOSIS. They are found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; MAST CELLS and NK CELLS. Overexpression of CD30 antigen in hematopoietic malignancies make the antigen clinically useful as a biological tumor marker. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A subtype of tetraspanin proteins that play a role in cell adhesion, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. CD9 antigens take part in the process of platelet activation and aggregation, the formation of paranodal junctions in neuronal tissue, and the fusion of sperm with egg.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A sialic acid-rich protein and an integral cell membrane mucin. It plays an important role in activation of T-LYMPHOCYTES.

Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Small glycoproteins found on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD59 restricts the cytolytic activity of homologous complement by binding to C8 and C9 and blocking the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (From Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p234)

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on NK cells and T-cells. Their role in the immune response is poorly understood.

A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds to CD27 ANTIGEN. It is found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in stimulating the proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES.

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.

Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. CD58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2; (ANTIGENS, CD2); and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

A ubiquitously expressed membrane glycoprotein. It interacts with a variety of INTEGRINS and mediates responses to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

A CD antigen that contains a conserved I domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined with CD18 the two subunits form MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

An integrin alpha subunit of approximately 150-kDa molecular weight. It is expressed at high levels on monocytes and combines with CD18 ANTIGEN to form the cell surface receptor INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2. The subunit contains a conserved I-domain which is characteristic of several of alpha integrins.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Tetraspanin proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular functions including BASEMENT MEMBRANE assembly, and in the formation of a molecular complexes on the surface of LYMPHOCYTES.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is specific for 4-1BB LIGAND. It is found in a variety of immune cell types including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and DENDRITIC CELLS. Activation of the receptor on T-LYMPHOCYTES plays a role in their expansion, production of cytokines and survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Receptors present on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTES that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-2 and play an important role in LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION. They are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Ubiquitously-expressed tetraspanin proteins that are found in late ENDOSOMES and LYSOSOMES and have been implicated in intracellular transport of proteins.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Tetraspanin proteins found associated with LAMININ-binding INTEGRINS. The CD151 antigens may play a role in the regulation of CELL MOTILITY.

A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain transport to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. It is expressed almost exclusively in B-LYMPHOCYTES and serves as a useful marker for B-cell NEOPLASMS.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds specifically to CD30 ANTIGEN. It may play a role in INFLAMMATION and immune regulation.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.

A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

An alpha-integrin subunit found on lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages and monocytes. It combines with the integrin beta2 subunit (CD18 ANTIGEN) to form LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.

A widely distributed cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein that stimulates the synthesis of MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES. It is found at high levels on the surface of malignant NEOPLASMS and may play a role as a mediator of malignant cell behavior.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.

An inhibitory T CELL receptor that is closely related to CD28 ANTIGEN. It has specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

A widely expressed transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a METASTASIS suppressor protein. It is underexpressed in a variety of human NEOPLASMS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis.

A cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and is involved in INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS.

Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reacting antigens found in phylogenetically unrelated species.

CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.

Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. The initial characterization of this protein revealed one identifiable heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) and an indeterminate smaller light chain. It is now known that a variety of light chain subunits (ANTIGENS, CD98 LIGHT CHAINS) can dimerize with the heavy chain. Depending upon its light chain composition a diverse array of functions can be found for this protein. Functions include: type L amino acid transport, type y+L amino acid transport and regulation of cellular fusion.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An inhibitory B7 antigen that has specificity for the T-CELL receptor PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 PROTEIN. CD274 antigen provides negative signals that control and inhibit T-cell responses and is found at higher than normal levels on tumor cells, suggesting its potential role in TUMOR IMMUNE EVASION.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).

Purification and characterization of ADP-ribosyl cyclase from Euglena gracilis. (1/936)

ADP-ribosyl cyclase, which catalyzes the conversion from NAD+ to cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose (cADPR), is proposed to participate in cell cycle regulation in Euglena gracilis. This enzyme, which was found as a membrane-bound protein, was purified almost the homogeneity after solubilization with deoxycholate, and found to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 40 kDa. Its Km value for NAD+ was estimated to be 0.4 mM, and cADPR, a product of the enzyme, inhibited the enzyme competitively with respect to NAD+ whereas another product, nicotinamide, showed noncompetitive (mixed-type) inhibition. In contrast to mammalian CD38 and BST-1, Euglena ADP-ribosyl cyclase lacked cADPR hydrolase activity. (+info)

Characterization of viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy: relationships to host factors, cellular restoration, and virologic end points. (2/936)

Biphasic plasma viral decays were modeled in 48 patients treated with ritonavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine. Estimated first- and second-phase decay rates were d1 as 0.47/day and d2 as 0.04/day. Interpatient differences in both decay rates were significant. The d1 was directly correlated with baseline CD4+, CD4+CD28+, and CD8+CD28+ T lymphocyte counts (P<.05) and inversely correlated with baseline virus load (P=.044) and the magnitude of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte recovery (P<.01). The d2 was directly correlated with baseline percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes (P=.023), the CD8+CD38+ cell number (P=.024), and the level of IgG that binds to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 gp120 (P=.02). Viral decay rates were not predictive of treatment failure or durability of viral suppression. These exploratory findings are consistent with a model in which immunologic factors contribute to elimination of HIV-infected cells and suggest a dynamic interplay between regulation of HIV expression and lymphocyte activation and recovery. (+info)

Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. (3/936)

To define predictors of survival time in late human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease, long- and short-duration survivors were studied after their CD4+ T cells fell to +info)

IL-5 induces IgG1 isotype switch recombination in mouse CD38-activated sIgD-positive B lymphocytes. (4/936)

Mouse B cells express CD38, whose ligation by anti-CD38 Ab induces their proliferation and protection from apoptosis. We previously showed that stimulation of mouse splenic B cells with IL-5 together with CS/2, an anti-mouse CD38 mAb, induces production of IgG1 and IgM. Here we examined the role of IL-5 and CS/2 in the expression of germline gamma1 transcripts and the generation of reciprocal products forming DNA circles as byproducts of mu-gamma1 switch recombination. By itself, CS/2 induced significant expression of germline gamma1 transcripts in splenic naive B cells, whereas IL-5 neither induced nor enhanced germline gamma1 expression. Increased cellular content of reciprocal product, which is characteristic of mu-gamma1 recombination, was not observed after culturing B cells with CS/2, but increased reciprocal product, along with high levels of lgG1 secretion, was found when B cells were cultured with CS/2 plus IL-5. Although IL-4 did not, by itself, induce mu-gamma1 recombination in B cells stimulated with CS/2, in conjunction with CS/2 plus IL-5, IL-4 dramatically enhanced sterile gamma1 transcription and IgG1 production. These results demonstrate that CD38 ligation induces only germline gamma1 transcription and that IL-5 promotes both mu-gamma1 switch recombination and lgG1 secretion in an IL-4-independent manner. (+info)

Stable transduction of quiescent CD34(+)CD38(-) human hematopoietic cells by HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors. (5/936)

We compared the efficiency of transduction by an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector to that by a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) retroviral vector, using stringent in vitro assays of primitive, quiescent human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Each construct contained the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter gene. The lentiviral vector, but not the MLV vector, expressed GFP in nondivided CD34(+) cells (45.5% GFP+) and in CD34(+)CD38(-) cells in G0 (12.4% GFP+), 48 hr after transduction. However, GFP could also be detected short-term in CD34(+) cells transduced with a lentiviral vector that contained a mutated integrase gene. The level of stable transduction from integrated vector was determined after extended long-term bone marrow culture. Both MLV vectors and lentiviral vectors efficiently transduced cytokine-stimulated CD34(+) cells. The MLV vector did not transduce more primitive, quiescent CD34(+)CD38(-) cells (n = 8). In contrast, stable transduction of CD34(+)CD38(-) cells by the lentiviral vector was seen for over 15 weeks of extended long-term culture (9.2 +/- 5.2%, n = 7). GFP expression in clones from single CD34(+)CD38(-) cells confirmed efficient, stable lentiviral transduction in 29% of early and late-proliferating cells. In the absence of growth factors during transduction, only the lentiviral vector was able to transduce CD34(+) and CD34(+)CD38(-) cells (13.5 +/- 2.5%, n = 11 and 12.2 +/- 9.7%, n = 4, respectively). The lentiviral vector is clearly superior to the MLV vector for transduction of quiescent, primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cells and may provide therapeutically useful levels of gene transfer into human hematopoietic stem cells. (+info)

The metamorphosis of a molecule: from soluble enzyme to the leukocyte receptor CD38. (6/936)

Human CD38 is a 45-kDa type II membrane glycoprotein with an intricate pattern of expression in leukocytes, although evidence is accumulating of its quite widespread expression in cells of nonvascular origin. CD38 is a member of a nascent eukaryotic gene family encoding cytosolic and membrane-bound enzymes whose substrate is NAD, a coenzyme ubiquitously distributed in nature. Functionally, CD38 is an eclectic molecule with the ability not only to catalyze but also to signal, to mobilize calcium, and to adhere to itself, to hyaluronan, and to other ligands. Interaction with CD38 on various leukocyte subpopulations has profound though diverse consequences on their life-span, but these effects seem to be independent of the enzymatic activity of the molecule. CD38 challenges our expectations of a surface molecule and we must sift through its many guises to unmask its true nature. (+info)

Evidence of a role for cyclic ADP-ribose in long-term synaptic depression in hippocampus. (7/936)

Ca2+ released from presynaptic and postsynaptic intracellular stores plays important roles in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, including long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic strength. At Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus, presynaptic ryanodine receptor-gated stores appear to mobilize some of the Ca2+ necessary to induce LTD. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) has recently been proposed as an endogenous activator of ryanodine receptors in sea urchin eggs and several mammalian cell types. Here, we provide evidence that cADPR-mediated signaling pathways play a key role in inducing LTD. We show that biochemical production of cGMP increases cADPR concentration in hippocampal slices in vitro, and that blockade of cGMP-dependent protein kinase, cADPR receptors, or ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ stores each prevent the induction of LTD at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. A lack of effect of postsynaptic infusion of either cADPR antagonist indicates a probable presynaptic site of action. (+info)

Expression of CD28 and CD38 by CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection correlates with markers of disease severity and changes towards normalization under treatment. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. (8/936)

The relationship between blood CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets, as defined by CD28 and CD38 expression, and plasma viraemia and CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection was investigated. In a cross-sectional study of 46 patients with either no or stable anti-retroviral treatment, there was a strong negative correlation between the percentage of CD8+CD28- and the percentage of CD4+ T cells (r = -0.75, P < 0.0001), and a positive correlation between absolute numbers of CD8+CD28+ and CD4+ T cells (r = 0.56, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the expression of CD38 by CD8+ T lymphocytes correlated primarily with plasma viraemia (e.g. the percentage of CD38+ in CD8bright cells, r = 0.76, P < 0.0001). In the 6 months following triple therapy initiation in 32 subjects, there was a close correlation between changes (delta) in CD8+CD28+ or CD8+CD28- and in CD4+ T cells (e.g. delta % CD8+CD28+ versus delta % CD4+, r = 0.37, P = 0.0002; delta % CD8+CD28- versus delta % CD4+, r = -0.66, P < 0.0001). A marked decline of the number of CD8+ T cells expressing CD38 was also observed. These results suggest the existence of a T cell homeostasis mechanism operating in blood with CD4+ and CD8+CD28+ cells on the one hand, and with CD8+CD28- cells on the other. In addition, the percentage of CD38+ cells in CD8+ cells, generally considered an independent prognostic factor, could merely reflect plasma viral load. (+info)

"Entrez Gene: BST1 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1". Quarona V, Zaccarello G, Chillemi A (2013). "CD38 and CD157: a long ... Only CD38 hydrolyzed cADPR to ADPR. CD38 is widely expressed in tissues, whereas CD157 is primarily found in gut and lymphoid ... CD157 and CD38 are both members of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of nicotinamide and ... CD157 is a paralog of CD38, both of which are located on chromosome 4 (4p15) in humans. Bst1 is a stromal cell line-derived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BST1

... +Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD38 genome location and CD38 gene ... In humans, the CD38 protein is encoded by the CD38 gene which is located on chromosome 4. CD38 is a paralog of CD157, which is ... "Entrez Gene: CD38 CD38 molecule". Jackson DG, Bell JI (April 1990). "Isolation of a cDNA encoding the human CD38 (T10) molecule ... "Assignment of CD38, the gene encoding human leukocyte antigen CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase), to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD38

Because of the ability to reduce disulfide bonds, DTT can be used to denature CD38 on red blood cells. DTT will also denature ... antigens in the Kell, Lutheran, Dombrock, Cromer, Cartwright, LW and Knops blood group systems. Conversely, the solvent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dithiothreitol

CD38 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma cells. Daratumumab binds to a different CD38 epitope amino-acid sequence than does ... DTT also inactivates/destroys many antigens on the red blood cell surface by disrupting disulfide bonds. The only antigen ... June 2020). "CD38 and Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibodies in AL Amyloidosis: Targeting Plasma Cells and beyond". International ... CD38 enzyme results in the formation of the immunosuppressive substance adenosine, so eliminating CD38-containing cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daratumumab

... antigens, cd38 MeSH D08.811.277.450.770 - oligo-1,6-glucosidase MeSH D08.811.277.450.770.800 - sucrase-isomaltase complex MeSH ... prostate-specific antigen MeSH D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.875 - tissue kallikreins MeSH D08.811.277.656.300.760.501 - mannose- ... antigens, cd13 MeSH D08.811.277.656.350.555.200 - carboxypeptidase b MeSH D08.811.277.656.350.555.250 - carboxypeptidase h MeSH ... antigens, cd13 MeSH D08.811.277.656.675.555.200 - carboxypeptidase b MeSH D08.811.277.656.675.555.250 - carboxypeptidase h MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)

Martin TG, Corzo K, Chiron M (2019). "Therapeutic Opportunities with Pharmacological Inhibition of CD38 with Isatuximab". Cells ... a monoclonal antibody against B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), also known as CD269, indicated for the treatment of adults with ... and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. In addition to direct treatment of the plasma cell proliferation, bisphosphonates (e.g., ... against CD38 and CD319). Survival expectancy has risen in recent years, and new treatments are under development.[medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma

... and who had received an anti-CD38 antibody showed a 91% overall response rate. Main toxicities were cytokine release syndrome ... B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA or BCM), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), is a ... January 2020). "Serum B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) Levels Differentiate Primary Antibody Deficiencies". The Journal of ... Serum B-cell maturation antigen (sBCMA) is the cleaved form of BCMA, found at low levels in the serum of normal patients and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_maturation_antigen

... antigens, cd34 MeSH D23.050.301.264.035.136 - antigens, cd36 MeSH D23.050.301.264.035.138 - antigens, cd38 MeSH D23.050.301.264 ... antigens, cd34 MeSH D23.101.100.110.136 - antigens, cd36 MeSH D23.101.100.110.138 - antigens, cd38 MeSH D23.101.100.110.140 - ... antigens, cd15 MeSH D23.101.100.900.131 - antigens, cd31 MeSH D23.101.100.920 - antigens, ly MeSH D23.101.100.930 - antigens, ... forssman antigen MeSH D23.050.285.018 - antigens, cd24 MeSH D23.050.285.025 - antigens, cd30 MeSH D23.050.285.040 - antigens, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D23)

Human CD Antigen Chart (eBioscience) Mouse CD Antigen Chart (eBioscience) Human PECAM1 genome location and PECAM1 gene details ... January 1998). "Human CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase) is a counter-receptor of CD31, an Ig superfamily member". Journal of ... CD31 on endothelial cells binds to the CD38 receptor on natural killer cells for those cells to attach to the endothelium. ... ISBN 978-1-84110-100-2. Zambello R, Barilà G, Manni S, Piazza F, Semenzato G (March 2020). "NK cells and CD38: Implication for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD31

... is a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed genetically modified autologous chimeric antigen ... and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. In the EU it is indicated for the treatment of adults with relapsed and refractory ... and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody and who had disease progression on or after the last chemotherapy regimen; 82% had ... a proteasome inhibitor and an anti-CD38 antibody and have demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy. The safety and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciltacabtagene_autoleucel

Usually, a target cell line expressing a certain surface-exposed antigen is incubated with antibody specific for that antigen. ... Sanchez, L; Wang, Y; Siegel, DS (2016). "Daratumumab: a first-in-class CD38 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multiple ... ADCC is also important in the use of vaccines, as creation of antibodies and the destruction of antigens introduced to the host ... Frey, Joachim (2019/12). "RTX Toxins of Animal Pathogens and Their Role as Antigens in Vaccines and Diagnostics". Toxins. 11 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

White Cell Differentiation Antigens: 654-55. Loken MR, Shah VO, Civin CI (1987). "Characterization of myeloid antigens on human ... Many markers belong to the cluster of differentiation series, like: CD34, CD38, CD90, CD133, CD105, CD45, and also c-kit - the ... hematopoietic cell surface antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody raised against KG-1a cells". Journal of Immunology. 133 (1 ... In fact, even in humans, there are hematopoietic stem cells that are CD34−/CD38−. Also some later studies suggested that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techniques_to_isolate_haematopoietic_stem_cells

CD38 on leukocytes attaching to CD16 on endothelial cells allows for leukocyte binding to blood vessel walls, and the passage ... CD16+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short description, Short ... CD antigens". Immunobiology (5 ed.). New York: Garland. ISBN 978-0-8153-3642-6. Georg, Philipp; et al. (2021). "Complement ... Quarona V, Zaccarello G, Chillemi A (2013). "CD38 and CD157: a long journey from activation markers to multifunctional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD16

All transitional B cells are high in heat-stable antigen (HSA) relative to their mature counterparts and express the phenotypic ... CD38 and CD10. Overall there is general agreement on the markers used to separate the subpopulations, although some differences ... "Transitional Type 1 and 2 B Lymphocyte Subsets Are Differentially Responsive to Antigen Receptor Signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 277 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitional_B_cell

... is a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed genetically modified autologous chimeric antigen receptor ... and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. Multiple myeloma is an uncommon type of blood cancer in which abnormal plasma cells build ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idecabtagene_vicleucel

Blair PA, Noreña LY, Flores-Borja F, Rawlings DJ, Isenberg DA, Ehrenstein MR, Mauri C (January 2010). "CD19(+)CD24(hi)CD38(hi) ... "IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10-producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses". The ... Markers of peripheral blood Bregs were molecules CD24 and CD38. However, peripheral blood Bregs were mostly CD24 and CD27 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_B_cell

Antigens,+CD34 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Mouse CD Antigen Chart Human CD Antigen ... Later studies have reported that low rhodamine retention identifies LT-HSCs within the Lin−CD34+CD38− population. CD34 is ... Cells observed as CD34+ and CD38- are of an undifferentiated, primitive form; i.e., they are multipotent hematopoietic stem ... CD34 derives its name from the cluster of differentiation protocol that identifies cell surface antigens. CD34 was first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD34

It is a bispecific antibody that targets the CD3 receptor expressed on the surface of T-cells and B-cell maturation antigen ( ... and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, and had not received prior BCMA-targeted therapy. The application for teclistamab was ... Teclistamab is the first bispecific B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CD3 T-cell engager. Teclistamab was approved for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teclistamab

... is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody against the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) conjugated with a ... and Safety of Two Doses of GSK2857916 in Participants With Multiple Myeloma Who Have Failed Prior Treatment With an Anti-CD38 ... of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least four prior therapies including an anti-CD38 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belantamab_mafodotin

CD38, syndecan 1, and IRF4/MUM1; they do not express B-cell molecular marker proteins such as PAX5, CD19, CD29, or CD79a. The ... or one of the various tests for hepatitis C antigen. Extracavitary PEL is diagnosed based on findings that their mass lesions ... with PEL that is associated with cirrosis due to hepatitis evidence positive serum tests for the hepatitis virus B antigen ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_effusion_lymphoma

The investigators for this work used influenza matrix protein antigen and the tumor antigens Melan-A/MART-1 and survivin to ... CD38, HLA-DR) that was statistically significant compared to the lower doses (p=0.016). There was a greater percentage of ... In the absence of antigen presentation via MHC class II molecules, efti reactivates dormant antigen-experienced memory T cells ... circulating tumor antigen), and efti increases activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) as they take up that debris. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eftilagimod_alpha

The EBV+ NK cells express CD56 antigen and are malignant with EBV in its latency II phase. The NK cells expression relatively ... The malignant cells express markers characteristic of NK and/or T cells (e.g. CD2, CD56, CD38), granzyme B, perforin, TIA1, and ... Addition of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody against the CD20 antigen expressed on B cells, may be added to this or other ... The EBV+ large B cells in these lesions often have reduced expression of the CD20 antigen and contain genetic abnormalities ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein–Barr_virus–associated_lymphoproliferative_diseases

The resulting chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) that react to the cancer are then given back to the person to populate ... July 2015). "Long-Lived Plasma Cells Are Contained within the CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) Subset in Human Bone Marrow". Immunity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axicabtagene_ciloleucel

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy) are the FDA's first approved gene therapies to enter the market. Since that time, ... CD38, COMT, DRD4, DRD5, IGF2, GABRB2) There is some research going on on the hypothetical treatment of psychiatric disorders by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_enhancement

Kusmartsev S, Nefedova Y, Yoder D, Gabrilovich DI (January 2004). "Antigen-specific inhibition of CD8+ T cell response by ... Tumor-infiltrating MDSCs develop in response to environmental factors, upregulating CD38 (which removes NAD from the ... as well as antigen-specific T cell responses. An infection with the LP-BM5 retrovirus can cause acquired immune deficiency in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeloid-derived_suppressor_cell

It is also a common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen that is an important cell surface marker in the diagnosis of human acute ... CD10+ diffuse large B cell lymphoma (CD10+ DLBCL) Marker for germinal center phenotype (CD10, HGAL, BCL6, CD38) are considered ... and common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MME gene. Neprilysin is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neprilysin

Another important surface antigen is CD319 (SLAMF7). This antigen is expressed at high levels on normal human plasma cells. It ... July 2015). "Long-Lived Plasma Cells Are Contained within the CD19(-)CD38(hi)CD138(+) Subset in Human Bone Marrow". Immunity. ... After leaving the bone marrow, the B cell acts as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) and internalizes offending antigens, which ... The absence of antigens and the depletion of B cells does not appear to have an effect on the production of high-affinity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cell

Bonnet and Dick isolated a subpopulation of leukemia cells that expressed surface marker CD34, but not CD38. The authors ... stage-specific embryonic antigen-1), EGFR and CD44. The use of CD133 for identification of brain tumor stem-like cells may be ... The cell surface receptor interleukin-3 receptor-alpha (CD123) is overexpressed on CD34+CD38- leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in ... "Delineation of a cellular hierarchy in lung cancer reveals an oncofetal antigen expressed on tumor-initiating cells". Cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_stem_cell

... is produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells of the innate immune system. These cells include dendritic cells, ... "The dendritic cell-specific CC-chemokine DC-CK1 is expressed by germinal center dendritic cells and attracts CD38-negative ... and instead non-antigen specifically exert their immunosuppressive functions by secreting IL-10. It is thought that these ... and recruits naïve B-cells for antigen presentation. Perhaps aberrant CCL18 expression is involved in the generation of chronic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL18

2006). "IgVH genes mutation and usage, ZAP-70 and CD38 expression provide new insights on B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL ... B-lymphocytes have two responsibilities: Production of antibodies - In response to antigens, B-lymphocytes produce and release ... b-lymphocyte surface antigens CD19, CD20, CD22, CD79a and FMC7, and weak expression of CD5 and CD23. Due to the similarities ... one of its key identifiers is the absence in expression of the surface antigens CD10, CD11c, CD25, CD103 and cyclin D1 - an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-cell_prolymphocytic_leukemia

Rivkina A, Vitols G, Murovska M, Lejniece S (2011). "Identifying the stage of new CLL patients using TK, ZAP-70, CD38 levels". ... Thymidine kinase has been suggested as a supplement to PSA (prostate-specific antigen), the tumor marker most frequently used ... Björklund B (1978). "Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA): Biology, biochemistry, improved assay methodology, clinical significance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidine_kinase_in_clinical_chemistry

... and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-degrading enzyme CD38 also mutually induce each other. NF-κB is one of several ... and bacterial or viral antigens. NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of ... CD38, and NAD". Immunometabolism. 2 (3): e200026. doi:10.20900/immunometab20200026. PMC 7409778. PMID 32774895. Robison AJ, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NF-κB

Active infection with hepatitis B (surface antigen); or infection with hepatitis C in absence of sustained virologic response ... anti-CD38 pretreated, and anti-CD38 treatment naïve). Patients will be treated until disease progression or unacceptable ... CID-103 (Anti-CD38 Antibody) in Previously Treated Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma. The safety and scientific validity ... A Phase 1 Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of CID-103, an Anti-CD38 Antibody, in Patients With Previously Treated Relapsed ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04758767?term=CID103&draw=2&rank=1

This is ~ 0.2% of the surface area of the T cell, consistent with the % transfer of CD4 and CD38. Given this small surface area ... 1989) Antigen-specific helper function of cell-free T cell products bearing TCR V beta 8 determinants Science 244:1477-1480. ... 2017) CD40L is transferred to antigen-presenting B cells during delivery of T-cell help European Journal of Immunology 47:41-50 ... described soluble antigen-specific and MHC-restricted factors that delivered T cell help. Whilst Guy et al suggested a ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/47528

Human CD38 regulates B cell antigen receptor dynamic organization in normal and malignant B cells. ...

https://www.gu.se/om-universitetet/hitta-person/f97d2bff-e321-427a-98e5-8d213c982372

CD38 Expression by Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells Is Significantly Restored 5 Months After Treatment Initiation Independently of ... Dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated to a SIGLEC1 null variant that limits antigen exchange via ...

https://people.epfl.ch/jacques.fellay?lang=en

B cells are responsible for producing and releasing antibodies to specific antigens, and hence, are an essential component of ... When it encounters a unique antigen, the plasma cell takes in the antigen through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Antigenic ... Immature B cells express CD19, CD 20, CD34, CD38, and CD45R, but not IgM. For most mature B cells the key markers include IgM ... the plasma B cell only secretes antibodies specific for that antigen and can no longer generate antibodies to other antigens. ...

https://www.abcam.com/primary-antibodies/b-cells-basic-immunophenotyping

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy. Idecabtagene vicleucel (Abecma) is a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed ... Targeting CD38 with Daratumumab Monotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 24. 373 (13):1207-19. [QxMD MEDLINE ... Studies of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy using B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) have reported objective in ... a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/204369-201588/what-is-the-role-of-bortezomib-in-the-treatment-of-relapsed-multiple-myeloma-mm

... a B-cell maturation antigen-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple ... Targeting CD38 with Daratumumab Monotherapy in Multiple Myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Sep 24. 373 (13):1207-19. [QxMD MEDLINE ... B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed genetically modified autologous CAR T-cell therapy is indicated for relapsed or ... Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody indicated for relapsed or resistant multiple myeloma in combination with pomalidomide and ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/204369-medication

von Laer D, Corovic A, Vogt B. Loss of CD38 antigen on CD34+CD38+ cells during short-term culture. Leukemia. 2000; 14(5):947- ... F) Colony type and number of chronic phase CD34+ and CD34+ CD38low CML cells, pre-cultured for seven days with or without 500 ... H) Bar graph showing total cell numbers of CD34+ CD38low CML cells after 3-day culture with and without 100 ng/mL of MSTNpp. ... G) Colony type and number of CD34+CD38low normal BM cells using the same experimental setup as in (F). Cells from two normal ...

https://haematologica.org/article/view/9983

CD38 is a novel multifunctional ectoenzyme widely expressed in cells and tissues especially in leukocytes. CD38 also functions ... memory cells lack the antigen; on terminally differentiated plasma cells it is one of the few surface antigens present. In ... therapeutic human mAb against a unique CD38 epitope. Daratumumab induced potent Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in CD38- ... CD38 is expressed on many types of cells, but recent interest focuses on its role on B lymphocytes. Its expression during B- ...

https://blogs.shu.edu/cancer/2015/11/25/darzalex-for-refractory-multiple-myeloma/

Plasma cells express specific antigens such as CD38 (Fig. 1.19).. *. According to the fundamental theory of lymphoid neoplasms ... Platelet Antigens. Platelets possess HLA antigens and platelet-specific antigens. HLA class I antigens induce alloimmunisation ... antigen-independent and antigen-dependent. Antigen-independent development occurs in bone marrow while antigen-dependent ... Class I antigens: Genes at HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C positions specify class I antigens. Class I antigens are glycoproteins which ...

https://www.jaypeedigital.com/eReader/chapter/9789350901847/ch1

... expression of very late antigen 4 (VLA-4), CD38 and zeta-associated-protein 70 (ZAP-70) markers (11, 12), and specific ... Induction of tolerance to innocuous inhaled antigen relies on a CCR7-dependent dendritic cell-mediated antigen transport to the ... Antigen-engaged B cells undergo chemotaxis toward the T zone and form motile conjugates with helper T cells. PloS Biol (2005) 3 ... Oral tolerance originates in the intestinal immune system and relies on antigen carriage by dendritic cells. J Exp Med (2006) ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.662866/full

CD38 is a 45 kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein also known as T10. ... Antigen References 1. Ferrero E, et al. 1999. J. Leukoc. Biol. 65:151.. 2. Lund F, et al. 1995. Immunol. Today 16:469. ... Antigen Details Structure ADP-ribosyl cyclase, ectoenzyme, type II glycoprotein, 45 kD Distribution T cells, B cells, NK, ... CD38 is a 45 kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein also known as T10. It is an ADP-ribosyl hydrolase expressed at variable ...

https://production-dynamicweb.biolegend.com/fr-ch/products/brilliant-violet-510-anti-human-cd38-antibody-13157

Various companies are exploring ways to manufacture allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cells, which could then be ... CD38-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Expressing Natural Killer KHYG-1 Cells: A Proof of Concept for an "Off the Shelf" ... Chimeric Antigen Receptors and Regulatory T Cells: The Potential for HLA-Specific Immunosuppression in Transplantation ... A Primer on Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: What Does It Mean for Pathologists? ...

https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/crossref-citedby/10126

... anti-B-cell maturation antigen therapy indicated for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at ... Belantamab mafodotin-blmf is a first-in-class, anti-B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA) therapy indicated for adults with RRMM who ... have received at least 4 prior therapies, including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, a proteasome inhibitor, and an ... Belantamab mafodotin-blmf is a first-in-class, anti-B-cell maturation antigen therapy indicated for adults with relapsed or ...

https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/research-continues-evaluating-belantamab-mafodotin-in-relapsed-refractory-multiple-myeloma

HIV-1-specific CTL activity was measured using an antigen- specific PBMC in vitro stimulation method. Measurements of plasma ... HIV-1-specific cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity correlates with lower viral load, higher CD4 count, and CD8+CD38-DR- phenotype: ... HIV-1-specific cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity correlates with lower viral load, higher CD4 count, and CD8+CD38-DR- phenotype: ... These data also demonstrated that higher circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes with a DR-CD38- phenotype, correlate with a lower ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hiv-1-specific-cytolytic-t-lymphocyte-activity-correlates-with-lo-3

CD38 expression by antigen-specific CD4 t cells is significantly restored 5 months after treatment initiation independently of ...

https://www.swisstph.ch/fr/about/med/clinical-research/

... and an anti-CD38 antibody and have demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy.1 Today s milestone marks the first ... concluding that recent advances in understanding of the immune response to human tumour antigens have strengthened the ... approval worldwide for teclistamab, a bispecific antibody that redirects CD3-positive T-cells to B-cell maturation antigen ( ...

http://www.samedanltd.com/magazine/12/issue/48

CD38, and immunoglobulin (Ig) D on B cells. Results: Pseurotin D significantly inhibited the activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ ... expression of activation markers CD69 and CD25 on T cells and Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) on B cells, and the ...

https://www.muni.cz/vyzkum/publikace/1764159

... an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, and an anti-B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) treatment (with CART-T cells or an antibody drug ... Prior therapy must include an IMiD, PI, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody; Cohort C: received >= 3 prior lines of therapy that ...

https://www.mountsinai.org/clinical-trials/study-of-teclistamab-in-participants-with-relapsed-refractory-multiple-myeloma

B-cell maturation antigen (BMCA) and CD38 tumor-associated antigens. "The unique features of FT576 enable it to be combined ... a proprietary chimeric antigen receptor optimized for NK-cell biology that targets B-cell antigen CD19; a novel high-affinity, ... 1. Goodridge JP, Mahmood S, Zhu H, et al: Translation of first-of-kind multi-antigen targeted off-the-shelf CAR-NK cell with ... A novel off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell (CAR-NK) product called FT596 may prove to be an active ...

https://ascopost.com/issues/january-25-2020/preliminary-data-on-multiantigen-targeted-car-nk-cell-therapy-for-b-cell-malignancies/

Antigens, CD38. ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1. Antigens, CD45. Leukocyte Common Antigens. DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase. DNA ( ... Antigens, CD98 Heavy Chain. Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain. Antigens, CD98 Light Chains. Fusion Regulatory Protein 1 ... Antigen Peptide Transporter-1. ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 2. ... Antigen Peptide Transporter-2. ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 3. ...

https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2018.htm

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2018.htm

https://decs.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2018.htm

https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2018.htm

Blockade of its receptor, CXCR4, was shown to inhibit human CD34+CD38- immature human progenitor homing and engraftment in NOD/ ... SCID mice (Peled et al., 1999). CXCL12 mediates activation of αLβ2 (Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, LFA-1 or CD11a/ ... One study addressed this issue by evaluating the differential engraftment of human CD34+CD38- stem cells injected either ...

https://www.stembook.org/node/452

Following BD Facs Canto II event acquisition, variations in %CD38, %CD69, Human Leukocyte Antigen -DR (HLA-DR), Programmed cell ... At the final concentration of 0.500 μg/mL of A. indica, a significant downregulation of CD4 + CD38 + HLA-DR+ expression was ... Then, an in-vitro cell culture model was developed to mimic CD4+ T cell exposures to antigens following HIV-1 microbial ... the antigen presenting molecule Human Leukocyte Antigen - DR (HLA-DR), (3) the metabolite marker CD38 [10, 11]. This state of ...

https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-021-03288-0

1 Antigens, CD38. *1 CD38. *1 chronic lymphocytic leukemia. *1 Humans. *1 Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B... ... Prevalence of ZAP-70 and CD 38 in Indian chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.. Gogia, A; Sharma, A; Raina, V; Kumar, L; Gupta ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/1/simple-search?query=&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&filter_field_1=author&filter_type_1=equals&filter_value_1=Gupta%2C+R&filter_field_2=subject&filter_type_2=equals&filter_value_2=Female&filter_field_3=dateIssued&filter_type_3=equals&filter_value_3=%5B2010+TO+2014%5D&filter_field_4=author&filter_type_4=equals&filter_value_4=Kumar%2C+R&etal=0&filtername=subject&filterquery=India&filtertype=equals

Antigen/parameter. Fluorochrome. CD138 APC. CD38. sFITC. CD235a (Glycophorin A) PE-Vio® 700. ...

https://www.miltenyibiotec.com/AU-en/applications/b-cells/multiple-myeloma-diagnostic-research.html

PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD38. Clone: 90 Alexa Fluor® 488 anti-mouse/human GL7 Antigen (T and B cell Activation Marker). Clone: ... Antigen Details Structure A member of the class 1 cytokine receptor family. Show significant sequence and structural homology ... Antigen References 1.Mehta DS, et al. 2004. Immu Reviews 202:84 ...

https://www.biolegend.com/en-us/products/pe-anti-mouse-il-21r-antibody-5519

CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38) antigen Active Synonym false false 5048634012 CD38 - cluster of differentiation 38 Active ... Cluster of differentiation 38 antigen Active Synonym false false 5048637017 Cluster of differentiation 38 Active Synonym false ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=69832000

Maturation in the bone marrow ends with the naïve B cell that expresses the B cell receptor (containing IgM and IgD) capable of recognizing an antigen. (abcam.com)
When it encounters a unique antigen, the plasma cell takes in the antigen through receptor-mediated endocytosis. (abcam.com)
Although inhibitors targeting signal proteins involved in B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling constitute an important part of the current therapeutic protocols for CLL patients, the exact role of BCR signaling, as compared to genetic aberration, in the development and progression of CLL is controversial. (haematologica.org)
1 Like most neoplastic B-cell malignancies, CLL cells maintain their B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) expression. (haematologica.org)
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), which is produced from NAD(P) by CD38, triggers the release of calcium ions (Ca2+) from ryanodine receptor (RYR)-regulated intracellular stores, and it also causes sustained influx of extracellular Ca2+. (shu.edu)
A Primer on Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: What Does It Mean for Pathologists? (aacrjournals.org)
A novel off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell (CAR-NK) product called FT596 may prove to be an active therapy for B-cell malignancies. (ascopost.com)
The Company's product portfolio and rights are highlighted by a universal, multi-antigen chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T technology licensed from the University of Pittsburgh (SNAP-CAR), a cell therapy technology (CD38-GEAR-NK) and an in vitro diagnostic (CD38-Diagnostic) targeting CD38-related cancers, which the Company is developing with VyGen-Bio and medical researchers at the Karolinska Institute. (tdameritrade.com)
For example, Patel notes that physicians may want to avoid the use of alkylating agents prior to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy because evidence suggests that alkylators can decrease their efficacy. (targetedonc.com)
Treatment options in this group consist of pomalidomide combinations, selinexor-dexamethasone, belantamab mafodotin, melflufen and BCMA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. (por-journal.com)
Idecabtagene vicleucel, a chimeric antigen receptor CAR T-cell therapy, is approved for patients with multiple myeloma treated with at least four prior lines of therapy. (medscape.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for multiple myeloma has opened up a new box of therapies that are possible for our patients. (medscape.com)

Belantamab mafodotin-blmf is a first-in-class, anti-B-cell maturation antigen therapy indicated for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least 4 prior therapies. (pharmacytimes.com)
Belantamab mafodotin-blmf is a first-in-class, anti-B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA) therapy indicated for adults with RRMM who have received at least 4 prior therapies, including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, a proteasome inhibitor, and an immunomodulatory agent. (pharmacytimes.com)
In addition to FT596 , Fate Therapeutics is developing FT576, which is also manufactured from a renewable master cell bank derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells and designed to attack dual targets in multiple myeloma: B-cell maturation antigen (BMCA) and CD38 tumor-associated antigens. (ascopost.com)
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a target that has a growing number of therapies with multiple mechanisms of action, Patel says. (targetedonc.com)
On October 25, 2022, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to teclistamab-cqyv (Tecvayli, Janssen Biotech, Inc.), the first bispecific B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CD3 T-cell engager, for adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least four prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. (asco.org)

During the CID-103 dose escalation/infusion duration phase, only patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma who have relapsed or are refractory to at least two prior lines of therapy including a proteasome inhibitor, an immunomodulatory agent and an anti-CD38 antibody will be enrolled. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The expansion phase consists of two specific cohorts of patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: 1) Pretreated cohort having received previous treatment with an anti-CD38 antibody and 2) Naïve cohort in patients for whom an anti-CD38 antibody is unavailable. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Throughout each stage of development the antibody locus- a site where an antigen interacts with the cell- undergoes genetic recombination. (abcam.com)
Darzalex (daratumumab), and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who had already undergone at least three prior standard treatments, received FDA approval. (shu.edu)
Darzalex is an antibody that targets a particular protein, CD38, on the surface of multiple myeloma cells. (shu.edu)
Abecma was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2021 for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after four or more prior lines of therapy, including an immunomodulatory agent, a proteasome inhibitor, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody. (fidelity.com)
Now that patients are receiving quadruplet regimens including an anti-CD38 antibody, and even patients who are frail and transplant ineligible receive CD38-based regimens, there are new questions on what to do when they relapse. (targetedonc.com)
A humanized monoclonal antibody (huMAb 4D5) directed against the extracellular domain of p185HER2 specifically inhibited growth of the SK-Br-3 cells, which overexpress this antigen. (medscape.com)
The main uses of FC in TM are detection of fetomaternal hemorrhage, diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, quantification of D antigen, detection of platelet antibody, quality control of blood components, for example, residual leukocyte counts and evaluation of CD34-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells in stem cell grafts. (ajts.org)
The dimeric antigen receptors have antibody-like properties as they bind specifically to a target antigen. (justia.com)
Antigen receptors comprising both an antibody heavy chain binding region and an antibody light chain binding region in separate polypeptide chains and their use in directed cell therapy are disclosed herein in an effort to meet this need and/or provide other benefits, or at least provide the public with a useful choice. (justia.com)
Triple class refractory patients-those refractory to an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an anti-CD38 antibody-have a dismal outcome ( 1 ). (por-journal.com)
Tremelimumab is a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) blocking human IgG2 monoclonal antibody. (medscape.com)
Editor's Note: Based on results from the CARTITUDE-1 study, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the CAR T-cell therapy ciltacabtagene autoleucal for the treatment of adults with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who have undergone four prior lines of therapy, including an immunomodulatory agent, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, and a proteasome inhibitor. (medscape.com)
[ 5 , 6 ] This is approved for people with at least four prior lines of therapy and exposure to PI IMiD, an anti-CD38 antibody. (medscape.com)

Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific antigen-stimulated CD27 - CD38 + IFN-Î³ + CD4 + T cells for discrimination of active tuberculosis. (bvsalud.org)

The present disclosure provides dimeric antigen receptors (DAR) constructs that bind a BCMA target antigen, where the DAR construct comprises a heavy chain binding region on one polypeptide chain and a light chain binding region on a separate polypeptide chain. (justia.com)

The two polypeptide chains that make up the dimeric antigen receptors can dimerize to form an antigen binding domain. (justia.com)
The dimeric antigen receptors can be used for directed cell therapy. (justia.com)
The present disclosure provides dimeric antigen receptors (DAR) protein constructs that bind specifically to a target antigen, nucleic acids that encode the dimeric antigen receptors, vectors comprising the nucleic acids, and host cells harboring the vectors. (justia.com)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been developed to target antigens associated, in particular, with cancer. (justia.com)
Adoptive immunotherapy by infusion of T cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for redirected tumoricidal activity represents a potentially highly specific modality for the treatment of metastatic cancer. (justia.com)

CD38 - (cluster of differentiation 38) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells (white blood cells), including CD4+, CD8+, B and natural killer cells. (en-academic.com)

CD31 is the ligand of CD38. (biolegend.com)
The CD31 antigen, also known as Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (PECAM-1), is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 130 kDa related to the immunoglobulin superfamily. (beckman.com)
It also mediates heterophilic interactions, in particular, CD31 is involved in the migration of leucocytes through the endothelial cell wall, via adhesion to αvβ3 integrin and to CD38. (beckman.com)

The fact that CD38 is expressed on terminally differentiated plasma cells provide specificity for the use of daratumumab in multiple myeloma . (shu.edu)
CD38, highly expressed in hematological malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM), represents a promising target for mAb-based immunotherapy. (shu.edu)

CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein , the extracellular domain acting as an ectoenzyme, catalyzing the conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) into nicotinamide, adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADPR), and cyclic ADPR. (shu.edu)
CD38 is a 45 kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein also known as T10. (biolegend.com)

By functioning as both a cyclase and a hydrolase, CD38 mediates lymphocyte activation, adhesion, and the metabolism of cADPR and NAADP. (biolegend.com)

10 mU/mg, as measured under the described conditions using BioVision's CD38 (Cyclase) Activity Assay Kit (Cat. (transcriptionfactor.org)

Following BD Facs Canto II event acquisition, variations in %CD38, %CD69, Human Leukocyte Antigen -DR (HLA-DR), Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3), interferon gamma (IFN γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) CD4 + T cell expression were evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
The CD38 protein is a marker of cell activation. (transcriptionfactor.org)

The introduction of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies such as daratumumab (Darzalex) and isatuximab (Sarclisa) have influenced the front line and later lines of therapy. (targetedonc.com)

Once terminally differentiated, the plasma B cell only secretes antibodies specific for that antigen and can no longer generate antibodies to other antigens. (abcam.com)
on terminally differentiated plasma cells it is one of the few surface antigens present. (shu.edu)

CD38 is a novel multifunctional ectoenzyme widely expressed in cells and tissues especially in leukocytes. (shu.edu)
CD38 is a multifunctional ectoenzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and hydrolysis of cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+ to ADP-ribose. (transcriptionfactor.org)

Preclinical studies thus far suggest that in vivo, FT596 is highly efficacious in controlling tumor, and in combination with rituximab, tumor control is maintained and the risk of antigen escape is mitigated. (ascopost.com)
The effects of pseurotin were tested on the basis of changes in cell viability, apoptosis, activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways, production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by T cells, expression of activation markers CD69 and CD25 on T cells and Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) on B cells, and the differentiation markers CD20, CD27, CD38, and immunoglobulin (Ig) D on B cells. (muni.cz)
TCR CAR-T cells against various tumor antigens have been developed (Ma et al. (justia.com)

The binding of the helper T cell to the MHC II-antigen complex activates the B cell. (abcam.com)
During any repeat exposure the follicular helper T cell causes the memory cell to differentiate into a plasma B cell that has a greater sensitivity to that specific antigen. (abcam.com)
CD38 also functions in cell adhesion, signal transduction and calcium signaling. (shu.edu)
It can then be metabolized by CD38 in a way that promotes directed cell migration to specific stimuli, such as fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) and certain chemokines. (shu.edu)
ADP-ribosylated cell-adhesion molecules and CD38 become functionally inactive. (shu.edu)
Measurements of plasma viral load, as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes expressing T-cell activation markers (DR and CD38) were also performed at each time point. (elsevier.com)
This agent is designed to overcome several challenges inherent in CAR T-cell therapy, including CD19-antigen escape, which leads to relapse in patients who initially respond to CAR T-cell therapy. (ascopost.com)
In preclinical studies, FT596 was as effective as existing CAR T-cell platforms in killing cancer cells in vivo, and the combination of FT596 plus rituximab killed lymphoma cancer cells that were no longer responding to CAR T-cell therapy due to the loss of the CD19 antigen target. (ascopost.com)
Then, an in-vitro cell culture model was developed to mimic CD4+ T cell exposures to antigens following HIV-1 microbial translocation. (biomedcentral.com)
long-term erythrocyte engraftment was correlated with CD34 + CD38 + HLA-DR - cell content. (elsevier.com)
The most predictive parameters for neutrophil engraftment were CD34 + CD38 + HLA-DR - cell subtype and the total LTC-CFC quantity infused.ConclusionsThese data further support the hypothesis that the type of stromal feeders influences the frequency of LTC-CFC, possibly because they differ in their ability to interact with distinct subsets of hematopoietic stem cells. (elsevier.com)

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), expression of CD38 signifies a poor prognosis, though it does not correlate precisely with the presence of unmutated immunoglobulin variable region (IgV) genes and may vary during the course of the disease. (shu.edu)
Many workers considered FC as a very good complement when aberrant expression of various erythrocyte antigens needs to be elucidated. (ajts.org)
The most important diagnostic sign was persistent expression of CD38 antigen on leukemic cells throughout the entire course of the illness and these leukemic cells expressed very late antigen-4 (VLA-4) but not VLA-5. (elsevier.com)

CD40L is transferred to antigen presenting cells in vitro ( Gardell and Parker, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
HIV-1-specific CTL activity was measured using an antigen- specific PBMC in vitro stimulation method. (elsevier.com)

Biomolecule/Target: CD38Synonyms: CD38, T10, cADPr hydrolase 1Alternates names: CD38, T10, cADPr hydrolase 1Taglines: Synthesizes the second messagers cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinate-adenine. (transcriptionfactor.org)

Patel says new options for patients who are refractory to CD38-based therapy are a key area of development in patient treatment. (targetedonc.com)

B cells are responsible for producing and releasing antibodies to specific antigens, and hence, are an essential component of the humoral immune response. (abcam.com)
Selection occurs for those cells that produce antibodies with a high affinity for that particular antigen. (abcam.com)
Memory B cells: memory cells are held in reserve, in the germinal centers of the lymphatic system, for when the immune system re-encounters a specific antigen. (abcam.com)
CD38 is expressed on many types of cells, but recent interest focuses on its role on B lymphocytes. (shu.edu)

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with CD38 (clone HIT2) Brilliant Violet 510™ (filled histogram) or mouse IgG1, κ Brilliant Violet 510™ isotype control (open histogram). (biolegend.com)

These data also demonstrated that higher circulating CD8 + T lymphocytes with a DR - CD38 - phenotype, correlate with a lower plasma viral and load and higher HIV- specific CTL activity. (elsevier.com)

This state of chronic immune activation is majorly driven by continuous responses to bacterial antigens arising from gut microbial translocation [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Once the recommended CID-103 dose and infusion duration is known, additional patients will be enrolled in an expansion phase consisting of two cohorts (anti-CD38 pretreated, and anti-CD38 treatment naïve). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patel says most patients now receive an anti-CD38 in the front or second lines, but patients who have not should get it in the second or third lines. (targetedonc.com)

Classical monocyte proliferation and CD38 upregulation on plasmacytoid DCs coincided with declining viral load. (cdc.gov)

The loss of CD38 function is associated with impaired immune responses, metabolic disturbances, and behavioral modifications including social amnesia possibly related to autism. (transcriptionfactor.org)

Anatomy29

Organisms10

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs157

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Purification and characterization of ADP-ribosyl cyclase from Euglena gracilis. (1/936)

Characterization of viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients treated with combination antiretroviral therapy: relationships to host factors, cellular restoration, and virologic end points. (2/936)

Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. (3/936)

IL-5 induces IgG1 isotype switch recombination in mouse CD38-activated sIgD-positive B lymphocytes. (4/936)

Stable transduction of quiescent CD34(+)CD38(-) human hematopoietic cells by HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors. (5/936)

The metamorphosis of a molecule: from soluble enzyme to the leukocyte receptor CD38. (6/936)

Evidence of a role for cyclic ADP-ribose in long-term synaptic depression in hippocampus. (7/936)

Expression of CD28 and CD38 by CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection correlates with markers of disease severity and changes towards normalization under treatment. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. (8/936)

Antigens

Antigens, CD

Antigens, CD8

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, CD3

Antigens, Surface

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, CD38

Antigens, CD34

Antigens, CD19

Antigens, CD40

CD40 Ligand

Antigens, CD20

Antigens, Viral

Antigens, CD28

Antigens, CD44

Antigens, CD7

Antigens, CD14

Antigens, CD2

CD4-CD8 Ratio

Antigens, CD5

Antigens, Differentiation

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, CD1

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Antigens, CD56

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase

Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic

Antigens, CD80

Antigens, CD53

Antigens, CD24

Antigens, CD13

Antigens, Protozoan

T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, CD86

Flow Cytometry

B-Lymphocytes

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Antigens, CD95

HLA Antigens

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte

Antigens, CD45

Immunophenotyping

NAD+ Nucleosidase

Antigens, Fungal

Molecular Sequence Data

H-2 Antigens

Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3

Antigens, Helminth

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Antigens, CD18

Lymphocyte Activation

Antigens, CD30

Membrane Glycoproteins

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Epitopes

Antigens, CD9

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

HLA-DR Antigens

Antigens, CD15

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

Cell Line

Antigens, CD43

Antigens, CD36

Amino Acid Sequence

Antigens, CD11

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Histocompatibility Antigens

Antigens, CD59

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Antigens, CD57

Antigens, CD70

Antigens, CD46

Lectins, C-Type

Antigens, CD58

Antigens, CD4

Antigens, CD47

Antigens, CD11b