Antigens, CD
Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.
Antigens, CD8
Antigens, Neoplasm
Antigens, CD3
Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).
Antigens, Surface
Antigens, CD38
Antigens, CD34
Antigens, CD19
Antigens, CD40
A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
CD40 Ligand
Antigens, CD20
Antigens, CD28
Antigens, CD44
Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. CD44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)
Antigens, CD7
Antigens, CD14
Antigens, CD2
CD4-CD8 Ratio
Antigens, CD5
Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)
Antigens, Differentiation
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.
Antigens, CD1
Antigens, CD56
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase
A membrane-bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme generally catalyzes the hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-RIBOSE, as well, and sometimes the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose 2' phosphate (2'-P-cADPR) from NADP.
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic
Antigens, CD80
A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.
Antigens, CD53
Antigens, CD24
Antigens, CD13
Antigens, Protozoan
T-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Antigens, CD86
A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.
Flow Cytometry
Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
B-Lymphocytes
Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming
Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.
Antigens, CD95
A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.
HLA Antigens
Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte
Antigens, CD45
High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.
Immunophenotyping
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
A 67-kDa sialic acid binding lectin that is specific for MYELOID CELLS and MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE PRECURSOR CELLS. This protein is the smallest siglec subtype and contains a single immunoglobulin C2-set domain. It may play a role in intracellular signaling via its interaction with SHP-1 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE and SHP-2 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE.
Antigens, Helminth
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.
Antigens, CD18
Lymphocyte Activation
Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.
Antigens, CD30
A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may play a role in the regulation of NF-KAPPA B and APOPTOSIS. They are found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; MAST CELLS and NK CELLS. Overexpression of CD30 antigen in hematopoietic malignancies make the antigen clinically useful as a biological tumor marker. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Antigens, CD9
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
HLA-DR Antigens
Antigens, CD15
Antigens, Viral, Tumor
Antigens, CD43
Antigens, CD36
Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.
Amino Acid Sequence
Antigens, CD11
A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.
Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.
Histocompatibility Antigens
A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.
Antigens, CD59
Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen
Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.
Antigens, CD57
Antigens, CD70
A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds to CD27 ANTIGEN. It is found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in stimulating the proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES.
Antigens, CD46
Lectins, C-Type
Antigens, CD58
Antigens, CD4
55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.
Antigens, CD47
Antigens, CD11b
Base Sequence
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Antigens, CD11c
O Antigens
The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
HLA-A2 Antigen
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Immunohistochemistry
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Immunoglobulin G
Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate
Antigens, CD55
Antigens, CD31
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.
Antigens, CD81
Cells, Cultured
Antigens, CD137
A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is specific for 4-1BB LIGAND. It is found in a variety of immune cell types including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and DENDRITIC CELLS. Activation of the receptor on T-LYMPHOCYTES plays a role in their expansion, production of cytokines and survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.
Cell Differentiation
Lymphocytes
White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.
Monocytes
HLA-A Antigens
Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.
Cross Reactions
Dendritic Cells
Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).
Receptors, Interleukin-2
Receptors present on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTES that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-2 and play an important role in LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION. They are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.
Blood Group Antigens
Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
Antigens, CD63
Transfection
Antibody Specificity
Antigens, CD151
Antigens, CD79
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
HLA-D Antigens
Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.
CD30 Ligand
Phenotype
N-Glycosyl Hydrolases
Burkitt Lymphoma
A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.
Receptors, Antigen
Immunization
Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).
Antibody Formation
Antigens, CD11a
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Hepatitis B Antigens
Bone Marrow
The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
Immune Sera
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Mice, SCID
Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Cell Division
Antigen-Presenting Cells
A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.
Herpesvirus 4, Human
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
HLA-B Antigens
Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Immunologic Memory
Bone Marrow Cells
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
Mice, Transgenic
MART-1 Antigen
Antigens, CD147
HIV Antigens
CTLA-4 Antigen
HL-60 Cells
A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)
Antigens, CD82
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Antibodies
Gene Expression
Antigens, Thy-1
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Immune Tolerance
The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.
Immunity, Cellular
Thymus Gland
A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.
Autoantigens
Clone Cells
A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens
Interleukin-2
Immunoglobulin M
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
H-Y Antigen
Antigens, CD146
Antigens, Heterophile
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Antigens, CD98
A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. The initial characterization of this protein revealed one identifiable heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) and an indeterminate smaller light chain. It is now known that a variety of light chain subunits (ANTIGENS, CD98 LIGHT CHAINS) can dimerize with the heavy chain. Depending upon its light chain composition a diverse array of functions can be found for this protein. Functions include: type L amino acid transport, type y+L amino acid transport and regulation of cellular fusion.
Hepatitis B Core Antigens
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Antigen-Antibody Complex
Lymph Nodes
Immunodiffusion
HLA-DQ Antigens
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Forssman Antigen
Rabbits
Antigens, CD274
Complement Fixation Tests
Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.
Simian virus 40
Glycoproteins
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Isoantigens
Hybridomas
gp100 Melanoma Antigen
Major Histocompatibility Complex
The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.
Killer Cells, Natural
Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.
Immunoelectrophoresis
A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.
Biochemical characterization of CD1d expression in the absence of beta2-microglobulin. (1/609)
CD1d is a major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule that exhibits a distinct antigen processing pathway that functions in the presentation of hydrophobic antigens to T cells. CD1d has been previously shown to be expressed on the cell surface of human intestinal epithelial cell lines in vivo and a transfected cell line in vitro independently of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m). To define the relationship between CD1d and beta2m and characterize the biochemical structure of CD1d in the absence of beta2m, we have used a newly generated series of CD1d transfectants and CD1d-specific antibodies. These studies show that in the absence of beta2m, CD1d is expressed on the cell surface as a 45-kDa glycoprotein that is sensitive to endoglycosidase-H and is reduced to 37-kDa after N-glycanase digestion. In contrast, in the presence of beta2m, CD1d is expressed on the cell surface as a 48-kDa endoglycosidase-H-resistant glycoprotein. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling studies demonstrate that acquisition of endoglycosidase-H resistance of CD1d is observed in the presence of beta2m but not in the absence of beta2m even after a 24-h chase period. Thus, CD1d is able to be transported to the cell surface independently of beta2m; however, in the absence of beta2m, the glycosylation pattern of CD1d is altered and consistent with an immature glycoprotein. (+info)Juvenile hemochromatosis locus maps to chromosome 1q. (2/609)
Juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to severe iron loading in the 2d to 3d decade of life. Affected members in families with JH do not show linkage to chromosome 6p and do not have mutations in the HFE gene that lead to the common hereditary hemochromatosis. In this study we performed a genomewide search to map the JH locus in nine families: six consanguineous and three with multiple affected patients. This strategy allowed us to identify the JH locus on the long arm of chromosome 1. A maximum LOD score of 5.75 at a recombination fraction of 0 was detected with marker D1S498, and a LOD score of 5. 16 at a recombination fraction of 0 was detected for marker D1S2344. Homozygosity mapping in consanguineous families defined the limits of the candidate region in an approximately 4-cM interval between markers D1S442 and D1S2347. Analysis of genes mapped in this interval excluded obvious candidates. The JH locus does not correspond to the chromosomal localization of any known gene involved in iron metabolism. These findings provide a means to recognize, at an early age, patients in affected families. They also provide a starting point for the identification of the affected gene by positional cloning. (+info)Immunolocalization of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells and identification of a beta2-microglobulin-associated form. (3/609)
In order to better understand the role of intestinal CD1d, we sought to define the cellular localization and further characterize the biochemical structure of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Using a CD1d-specific rabbit anti-gst-CD1d antibody, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled cell surface proteins detected a previously identified 37 kDa protein as well as a 48-50 kDa protein which were confirmed by Western blotting with a CD1d-specific mAb, D5. Immunoprecipitation of protein lysates with the CD1d-specific mAb, D5 and 51.1.3, and the beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-specific mAb, BBM.1, followed by N-glycanase digestion and Western blotting with the D5 mAb showed that the 48-50 kDa protein was a beta2m-associated, CD1d glycoprotein. CD1d was immunolocalized to the apical and lateral regions of native small and large intestinal IEC as defined by confocal laser microscopy using the D5 mAb and the rabbit anti-gst-CD1d antibody. In addition, a large apical intracellular pool of CD1d was identified. Identical observations were made with polarized T84 cells. Selective biotin labeling of apical and basolateral cell surfaces followed by immunoprecipitation with the D5 mAb, N-glycanase digestion and avidin blotting confirmed the presence of glycosylated CD1d on both cell surfaces and immunolocalization of the 37 kDa non-glycosylated form of CD1d to the apical cell surface. These studies show that CD1d is located in an ideal position for luminal antigen sampling and presentation to subjacent intraepithelial lymphocytes. (+info)Tissue-specific segregation of CD1d-dependent and CD1d-independent NK T cells. (4/609)
NKT cells, defined as T cells expressing the NK cell marker NK1.1, are involved in tumor rejection and regulation of autoimmunity via the production of cytokines. We show in this study that two types of NKT cells can be defined on the basis of their reactivity to the monomorphic MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. One type of NKT cell is positively selected by CD1d and expresses a biased TCR repertoire together with a phenotype found on activated T cells. A second type of NKT cell, in contrast, develops in the absence of CD1d, and expresses a diverse TCR repertoire and a phenotype found on naive T cells and NK cells. Importantly, the two types of NKT cells segregate in distinct tissues. Whereas thymus and liver contain primarily CD1d-dependent NKT cells, spleen and bone marrow are enriched in CD1d-independent NKT cells. Collectively, our data suggest that recognition of tissue-specific ligands by the TCR controls localization and activation of NKT cells. (+info)A novel recognition motif of human NKT antigen receptor for a glycolipid ligand. (5/609)
Murine NKT cells can recognize alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) in the context of a class Ib CD1d molecule. Here we show that alpha-GalCer can selectively activate freshly isolated human Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+) cells, functionally defining the human NKT cells. The naive human NKT cell repertoire consisted of cells expressing an invariant Valpha24JalphaQ chain and a diverse array of beta chains derived from a single Vbeta11 gene segment. Stimulation with alpha-GalCer expanded a polyclonal subset of the human NKT cell repertoire carrying a novel complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3beta consensus motif that may directly interact with the sugar moiety of alpha-GalCer. Our data suggest that certain redundancy is allowed for CDR3beta of NKT antigen receptor to interact with the ligand and provide a first clue to understand the novel protein-carbohydrate interaction mechanisms. (+info)Susceptibility of mice deficient in CD1D or TAP1 to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (6/609)
Cellular immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls infection in the majority of infected humans. Studies in mice have delineated an important role for CD4(+) T cells and cytokines including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the response to infection with mycobacteria. Recently, the identification of CD8(+) CD1-restricted T cells that kill M. tuberculosis organisms via granulysin and the rapid death after infection of beta2 microglobulin deficient mice in humans has drawn attention to a critical role for CD8(+) T cells. The nature of mycobacterial-specific CD8(+) T cells has been an enigma because few have been identified in any species. Here, we delineate the contribution of class I MHC-restricted T cells in the defense against tuberculosis as transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)1-deficient mice died rapidly, bore a greater bacterial burden, and had more severe tissue pathology than control mice. In contrast, CD1D-/- mice were not significantly different in their susceptibility to infection than control mice. This data demonstrates a critical role for TAP-dependent peptide antigen presentation and provides further evidence that class I MHC-restricted CD8(+) T cells, the major T cell subset activated by this antigen processing pathway, play an essential role in immunity to tuberculosis. (+info)Cutting edge: activation of NK T cells by CD1d and alpha-galactosylceramide directs conventional T cells to the acquisition of a Th2 phenotype. (7/609)
NK T cells recognize glycolipid Ags such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) presented by the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. In this paper we have studied the in vivo effects of alpha-GalCer on the generation of adaptive immune responses. Treatment of mice with alpha-GalCer resulted in rapid activation of NK T cells and production of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma. However, after this initial stimulation, NK T cells became polarized for the production of IL-4. Further, as soon as 6 days after alpha-GalCer injection, a marked increase in serum IgE levels was observed. Administration of alpha-GalCer at the time of priming of mice with protein Ag resulted in the generation of Ag-specific Th2 cells and a profound increase in the production of IgE. Collectively, these findings indicate that alpha-GalCer may be useful for modulating immune responses toward a Th2 phenotype during prophylaxis and therapy. (+info)Differential responses of invariant V alpha 24J alpha Q T cells and MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells to dexamethasone. (8/609)
NK T cells are a T cell subset in the human that express an invariant alpha-chain (V alpha 24invt T cells). Because of the well-described immunomodulation by glucocorticoids on activation-induced cell death (AICD), the effects of dexamethasone and anti-CD3 stimulation on V alpha 24invt T cell clones and CD4+ T cell clones were investigated. Dexamethasone significantly enhanced anti-CD3-mediated proliferation of V alpha 24invt T cells, whereas CD4+ T cells were inhibited. Addition of neutralizing IL-2 Ab partially abrogated dexamethasone-induced potentiation of V alpha 24invt T cell proliferation, indicating a role for autocrine IL-2 production in corticosteroid-mediated proliferative augmentation. Dexamethasone treatment of anti-CD3-stimulated V alpha 24invt T cells did not synergize with anti-Fas blockade in enhancing proliferation or preventing AICD. The V alpha 24invt T cell response to dexamethasone was dependent on the TCR signal strength. In the presence of dexamethasone, lower doses of anti-CD3 inhibited proliferation of V alpha 24invt T cells and CD4+ T cells; at higher doses of anti-CD3, which caused inhibition of CD4+ T cells, the V alpha 24invt T cell clones proliferated and were rescued from AICD. These results demonstrate significant differences in TCR signal strength required between V alpha 24invt T cells and CD4+ cells, and suggest important immunomodulatory consequences for endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids in immune responses. (+info)
CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells are growing as essential regulators - bibr-1048 etexilate for stroke prevention in...
CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells Contribute to the Age-Associated Decline of T Cell Immunity | The Journal of Immunology
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are lipid-reactive CD1d-restricted T lymphocytes important | Inhibition of DNA Glycosylases via...
Molecular profiling revea… - Göteborgs universitet
The immunoregulatory role of type I and type II NKT cells in cancer and other diseases | SpringerLink
CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells: An Interstrain Comparison | The Journal of Immunology
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CD1d-expressing Dendritic Cells but Not Thymic Epithelial Cells Can Mediate Negative Selection of NKT Cells | JEM
CD1d-Reactive T-Cell Activation Leads to Amelioration of Disease Cause by Mark A. Exley, Nancy J. Bigley et al.
GUCY2D knockout cell line
KDM4D knockout cell line
3D Molecule (Sucrose) by lovetower on Envato Elements
Molecules of the Month | 3DChem.com - Chemistry, Structures & 3D Molecules
Liver sulfatide-reactive type II NKT cells recognize endogenous phospholipids | Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer | Full Text
H d antigens - Definition and misspellings for H D Antigens at Spellorg.com
Invariant natural killer T cells direct B cell responses to cognate lipid antigen in an IL-21-dependent manner<...
Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Suppress the Neutrophil Inflammatory Response in a Mouse Model of Cholestatic Liver Damage<...
Kinetics and Cellular Site of Glycolipid Loading Control the Outcome of Natural Killer T Cell Activation | [email protected]
Frontiers | Glucosylceramide Synthase Is Involved in Development of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells | Immunology
Immature Renal Dendritic Cells Recruit Regulatory CXCR6+ Invariant Natural Killer T Cells to Attenuate Crescentic GN | American...
PLOS ONE: Human Natural Killer T Cells Are Heterogeneous in Their Capacity to Reprogram Their Effector Functions
CD1d-restricted peripheral T cell lymphoma in mice and humans | JEM
Impaired selection of invariant natural killer T cells in diverse mouse models of glycosphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases ...
Altmetric - Invariant natural killer T cells act as an extravascular cytotoxic barrier for joint-invading Lyme Borrelia
Impact of Aging on the Phenotype of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells i - Cytek Biosciences
The Molecular Basis for Recognition of CD1d/α-Galactosylceramide by a Human Non-Vα24 T Cell Receptor
JCI -
Activation of natural killer T cells in NZB/W mice induces Th1-type immune responses exacerbating lupus
Synthesis and evaluation of immunostimulant plasmalogen lysophosphatidylethanolamine and analogues for natural killer T cells ...
Prevention of type 1 diabetes by invariant NKT cells is independent of peripheral CD1d expression. - The Kennedy Institute of...
Regulation of natural killer T‐cell development by deubiquitinase CYLD | The EMBO Journal
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Establishment of vascular endothelial cell-reactive type II NKT cell clone from rat model of autoimmune vasculitis : HUSCAP
Inhibition of T cell differentiation into effectors by NKT cells requires cell contacts. - The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology
JCI -
Volume 126, Issue 6
Synthesis of glycolipids for NKT cell stimulation by Maryam Khalili
A tale of actin and lipid antigen presentation - A nano tango - Immunology
The role of ia and inappropriate h-2d antigens on sjl/j reticulum cell by S Wilbur, L De et al.
Sambo Medical
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The MicroRNA miR-181 Is a Critical Cellular Metabolic Rheostat Essential for NKT Cell Ontogenesis and Lymphocyte Development...
Involvement of the 4-1BB/4-1BBL Pathway in Control of Monocyte Numbers by Invariant NKT Cells - NDM Research Building
Involvement of the 4-1BB/4-1BBL Pathway in Control of Monocyte Numbers by Invariant NKT Cells - The Jenner Institute
The intracellular pathway for the presentation of vitamin B-related antigens by the antigen-presenting molecule MR1
SARS-CoV-2 Hides From Killer T Cells by Mutating
Engineered killer T cells could provide long-lasting immunity against cancer | UCLA
Impaired selection of invariant natural killer T cells in diverse mouse models of glycosphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases....
Human CD4- CD8- Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Promote IgG Secretion from B Cells Stimulated by Cross-Linking of Their...
Synthesis of Natural and Unnatural Sulfatide Ligands for NKT Cell Acti by Kaddy Camara
Deficiency of a subset of T-cells with immunoregulatory properties in sarcoidosis. - MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular...
NK, NKT and Invariant-NKT Cells in Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes of Patients with Breast Cancer
New light shed on cause of lung injury in severe flu
Frequency and phenotype of circulating Valpha24/Vbeta11 double-positive natural killer T cells during hepatitis C virus...
BioLegend Natural Killer and Natural Killer T Cells Category
Regulation of immune responses by natural killer T cells - Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis - Volume 49, Issue...
Harnessing invariant NKT cells in vaccination strategies. - Radcliffe Department of Medicine
BioLegend NK & NKT Cells
Presumed guilty: natural killer T cell defects and human disease.
EIF4EBP1 | Antagonists development strategies and therapeutic applications
Thyas Obtains Exclusive Rights to Manufacture Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Killer T Cells for Autologous...
Most recent papers with the keyword Galactosylceramide | Read by QxMD
Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells | AMBICION
The crystal structure of human CD1b with a bound bacterial glycolipid. - Radcliffe Department of Medicine
Lack of sleep decreases immune system effectiveness - ~30% drop in Natural Killer T cell activity | Matthew Walker
Natural killer T cells in asthma--toward increased understanding. - CAMS Oxford Institute
Identification of an IL-17-producing NK1.1neg iNKT cell population involved in airway neutrophilia | Journal of Experimental...
Harnessing NKT Cell Activation by Glycolipids - Amy Howell
Strong increase of protective serum cytokines after inj | Open-i
Invariant Natural Killer T-Cells Could Help Prevent Obesity | Web Log 2012
B90400 - Beckman Coulter
Structure and binding kinetics of three different human CD1d-alpha-galactosylceramide-specific T cell receptors. - CAMS Oxford...
February | 2019 | Phosphatases
Scientist Solutions - Immunology
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Minimal Contribution of Vα14 Natural Killer T Cells to Th1 Response and Host...
Protocols - ProImmune - Mastering Immunity MHC pentamers, CD1d tetramers, custom peptide synthesis, immunoassays, T cell...
3D Molecule Models by Molecule - Shapeways Shops
Killer T cells show their kinder side - Experimental Medicine Division
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GAP Forum: Invariant Forms
Alpha-Galactosylceramide
... and a model CD1d antigen. The invariant T cell receptor of the iNKT cell is able to bind the CD1d:glycolipid complex leading to ... In combination with a peptide antigen, α-GalCer is able to stimulate a strong immune response against the epitope. The CD1d: ... Godfrey, Dale I.; Kronenberg, Mitchell (2004-11-15). "Going both ways: Immune regulation via CD1d-dependent NKT cells". Journal ...
CD1
... a, CD1b and CD1c (group 1 CD1 molecules) are expressed on cells specialized for antigen presentation. CD1d (group 2 CD1) is ... CD1+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Mouse CD Antigen Chart Human CD Antigen ... Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are activated by CD1d-presented antigens, and rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines, typically ... Thus, mice have been used extensively to characterize the role of CD1d and CD1d-dependent NKT cells in a variety of disease ...
Natural killer T cell
iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like antigen ... Many of these cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self and foreign ... recognize lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules, a member of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules, ... NKT cells recognize protected microbial lipid agents which are presented by CD1d-expressing antigen presenting cells. This ...
CD1b
Alkyl components of antigens are attached in the hydrophobic groove and a hydrophilic part stands out from the CD1b molecule ... The human CD1 locus is found on chromosome 1 and contains five nonpolymorphic genes (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d and CD1e). CD1b ... CD1b molecule has the largest antigen-binding cleft within the CD1 family. Whereas the microbial lipids tend to have longer ... Compared to other CD1 molecules this unique arrangement of CD1b provides the possibility of binding a wide spectrum of antigens ...
Isoglobotriosylceramide
It has been identified as a CD1d- presented self-antigen for an innate type of immune cells termed as Natural Killer T (NKT) ...
Sulfatide
CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c subtypes present lipid antigens to T cells, while CD1d cells present lipids, glycolipids, and lipoproteins ... However, when CD1d deficient-mice are tested for their response to sulfatide, the same response is not seen, which indicates ... There are two types of cell subtypes that interact with CD1d cells: Type 1 Natural killer T cells and Type 2 Natural killer T ... Type 2 Natural killer T cells are able to recognize sulfatide/ CD1d tetramers, and as a result, they are activated by different ...
T cell
NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d. Once activated, these cells can perform functions ascribed to both ... Antigen-naive T cells expand and differentiate into memory and effector T cells after they encounter their cognate antigen ... T cell exhaustion can be triggered by several factors like persistent antigen exposure and lack of CD4 T cell help. Antigen ... These self-antigens are expressed by thymic cortical epithelial cells on MHC molecules on the surface of cortical epithelial ...
Vincenzo Cerundolo
The length of lipids bound to human CD1d molecules modulates the affinity of NKT cell TCR and the threshold of NKT cell ... Presentation of viral antigen controlled by a gene in the major histocompatibility complex. Nature 345:449-452. Moins- ... NKT cells enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to soluble antigen in vivo through direct interaction with dendritic cells. J ... The crystal structure of human CD1d with and without alpha-galactosylceramide. Nature Immunol 6:819-826. McCarthy, C., D. ...
Immudex
Cancer Testis Antigen CD1d Dextramer - These MHC Dextramers are flow cytometry reagents for the identification and sorting of ... The CD1d/α-GalCer displays human CD1d molecules loaded with α-GalCer. Though Immudex specializes in MHC Dextramer technology, ... The use of MHC Dextramers offers a new method to accurately detect and quantify antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. While some of ... The process of negative selection in the thymus guarantees that virtually all T cells have very weak affinity for self-antigens ...
Vitellogenin
CD1d being the MHC I-like lipid antigen presenting molecule. Apolipoprotein B can exist in two forms: B-100 and B-48. ... "A distal effect of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein deficiency on the lysosomal recycling of CD1d". The Journal of ... MTTP is also involved in the late stage of CD1d trafficking in the lysosomal compartment, ...
MHC multimer
2001). "Antigen-specific modulation of an immune response by in vivo administration of soluble MHC class I tetramers". J. ... Multimers may be used to display class 1 MHC, class 2 MHC, or nonclassical molecules (e.g. CD1d) from species such as monkeys, ... MHC pentamers have been used in the detection of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in flow cytometry, and are cited in over 750 ... MHC multimers allow for ex vivo selection and proliferation of T-cells specific to viral or tumor-related antigens, which can ...
CD1D
... is the only member of the group 2 CD1 molecules. CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate a special class of T cells, known ... CD1d+antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD1A genome location and CD1A gene ... CD1d is also known as R3G1 Some of the known ligands for CD1d are: α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a compound originally ... CD1D is the human gene that encodes the protein CD1d, a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) family of ...
Innate immune system
Normal body cells are not recognized and attacked by NK cells because they express intact self MHC antigens. Those MHC antigens ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant T cell receptors (TCRs), such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T ... Dendritic cells are very important in the process of antigen presentation, and serve as a link between the innate and adaptive ... causing the death of the pathogen rid the body of neutralised antigen-antibody complexes. There are three different complement ...
Gamma delta T cell
The antigens recognized by non-Vδ2 T cells expanded in the above infectious contexts have not been characterized, but the fact ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T cells, gamma delta ... It is still not clear whether these non-peptidic antigens bind directly to the Vγ9/Vδ2 TCR or if a presenting element exists. ... However, none of the known antigen-presenting molecules like MHC class I and II or CD1 are required for γδ T cell activation ...
Adaptive immune system
Exogenous antigens are usually displayed on MHC class II molecules, which activate CD4+T helper cells. Endogenous antigens are ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells, γδ T cells ... A critical difference between B cells and T cells is how each cell "sees" an antigen. T cells recognize their cognate antigen ... The host's cells express "self" antigens. These antigens are different from those on the surface of bacteria or on the surface ...
Immune system
... antigen without any need for antigen processing. Such antigens may be large molecules found on the surfaces of pathogens, but ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells, γδ T cells ... antigens during a process called antigen presentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are ... Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to ...
Marginal zone B-cell
MZ B cells shuttle between the blood-filled marginal zone for antigen collection and the follicle for antigen delivery to ... MZ B cells characteristically express high levels of CD1d, which is an MHC class I-like molecule involved in the presentation ... MZ B cells respond to a wide spectrum of T-independent, but also T-dependent antigens. It is believed that MZ B cells are ... Moreover, MZ B cells are potent antigen-presenting cells, that are able to activate CD4+ T cells more effectively than FO B ...
T cell
NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigen presented by a molecule called CD1d. Once activated, these cells can perform functions ... Antigen-naïve T cells expand and differentiate into memory and effector T cells after they encounter their cognate antigen ... T cell exhaustion can be triggered by several factors like persistent antigen exposure and lack of CD4 T cell help.[57] Antigen ... Antigen discrimination[edit]. A unique feature of T cells is their ability to discriminate between healthy and abnormal (e.g. ...
HLA-G
... histocompatibility antigen, class I, G, also known as human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), is a protein that in humans is ... Sköld M, Behar SM (2003). "Role of CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells in Microbial Immunity". Infect. Immun. 71 (10): 5447-55. doi: ... McIntire RH, Hunt JS (2005). "Antigen presenting cells and HLA-G--a review". Placenta. 26 Suppl A: S104-9. doi:10.1016/j. ... "Entrez Gene: HLA-G HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G". Castelli, Erick C.; Mendes-Junior, Celso T.; Veiga-Castelli, ...
Immunoglobulin C1-set domain
AZGP1; B2M; CD1A; CD1B; CD1C; CD1D; CD1E; DMA; DQB2; DRB1; ELK2P1; FCGRT; HFE; HHLA2; HLA-A; HLA-B; HLA-B35; HLA-B57; HLA-C; ... Cresswell P, Pamer E (1998). "Mechanisms of MHC class I--restricted antigen processing". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16 (1): 323-358. ...
Andrew McMichael
Ho, Ling-Pei (2004). The role of CD1d restricted NKT cells in the immunopathology of sarcoidosis (Thesis). Thesis DPhil-- ... "Nixon, Douglas". Makgoba, M. W. (1983). Studies on the polymorphism of HLA class II antigens (Thesis). Thesis DPhil--University ... Bowness, Paul (1993). Recognition of antigen and superantigen by cytotoxic lymphocytes (Thesis). Thesis DPhil--University of ... "Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes". Science. 274 (5284): 94-96. Bibcode:1996Sci...274...94A. doi:10.1126/ ...
Imunski sistem - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
Kompleks antigen-PHK prepoznajo tudi koreceptorji CD4, ki novačijo molekule iz T-celice (npr. Lck tirozinsko kinazo), ki so ... Kot druge "nekonvencionalne" podskupine T-celic z nespremenljivimi receptorji TCR, kot so na CD1d omejene naravne T-celice ... "Vitamin D controls T cell antigen receptor signaling and activation of human T cells". Nature Immunology. Vol. 11 no. 4. Apr ... Le-ta nato potuje po telesu in išče celice, kjer PHK I nosi ta antigen. Ob stiku s takšno celico sprosti citotoksične snovi, ...
Calreticulin
... but calreticulin is not a Ro/SS-A antigen. Earlier papers referred to calreticulin as an Ro/SS-A antigen, but this was later ... Zhu Y, Zhang W, Veerapen N, Besra G, Cresswell P (Dec 2010). "Calreticulin controls the rate of assembly of CD1d molecules in ... This association prepares the MHC class I for binding an antigen for presentation on the cell surface. Calreticulin is also ... "A human Ro/SS-A autoantigen is the homologue of calreticulin and is highly homologous with onchocercal RAL-1 antigen and an ...
Regulatory B cell
Mouse Bregs were mainly CD5 and CD1d positive in model of EAE or after exposition of Leishmania major. By contrast mouse Bregs ... "IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10-producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses". The ...
Adaptive immune system
Exogenous antigensEdit. Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or "helper" CD4+ cells. ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells, γδ T cells ... Antigen presentationEdit. Main article: Antigen presentation. Acquired immunity relies on the capacity of immune cells to ... Endogenous antigensEdit. Endogenous antigens are produced by intracellular bacteria and viruses replicating within a host cell ...
Calreticulina, a enciclopedia libre
"Calreticulin Controls the Rate of Assembly of CD1d Molecules in the Endoplasmic Reticulum". J. Biol. Chem. 285 (49): 38283-92 ... "A human Ro/SS-A autoantigen is the homologue of calreticulin and is highly homologous with onchocercal RAL-1 antigen and an ...
T-ćelija - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Memorijske T ćelije su podskup antigen - specifičnih T ćelijs koje traju dugoročno nakon savladavanja infekcije.[1] One se brzo ... ćelije prepoznaju glikolipidne antigene predstavljene molekulama pod nazivom CD1d. Kada se aktiviraju, ove ćelije mogu ... Ove ćelije prepoznaju svoje ciljeve putem vezanja za antigen koji je asociran sa molekulama MHC klase I, koje se ispoljavaju na ... MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution. 2009 ...
ABCA7
Reduction of CD3 or CD1d may lead to dysfunction of T cells by deletion of ABCA7. On the other hand, transfected and expressed ... tandem linkage with the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 278 ( ... ATP Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA7 Regulates NKT Cell Development and Function by Controlling CD1d Expression and Lipid ... "ATP Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA7 Regulates NKT Cell Development and Function by Controlling CD1d Expression and Lipid ...
T细胞 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
自然杀伤T细胞(NKT细胞),请不要把它和固有免疫中的自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)混淆。 与一般T细胞识别MHC分子上的肽链抗原不同,NKT识别的是CD1d分子上结合的糖蛋白抗原。被激活后,它们可以执行类似辅助T细胞和细胞毒性T细胞的功能,即释放细胞因子和细 ... MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution. Proceedings of the National ...
T细胞 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
自然杀伤T细胞(NKT细胞),请不要把它和固有免疫中的自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)混淆。 与一般T细胞识别MHC分子上的肽链抗原不同,NKT识别的是CD1d分子上结合的糖蛋白抗原。被激活后,它们可以执行类似辅助T细胞和细胞毒性T细胞的功能,即释放细胞因子和细 ... MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution. Proceedings of the National ...
T-ćelija - Википедија
Memorijske T ćelije su podskup antigen - specifičnih T ćelijs koje traju dugoročno nakon savladavanja infekcije.[1] One se brzo ... ćelije prepoznaju glikolipidne antigene predstavljene molekulama pod nazivom CD1d. Kada se aktiviraju, ove ćelije mogu ... Ove ćelije prepoznaju svoje ciljeve putem vezanja za antigen koji je asociran sa molekulama MHC klase I, koje se ispoljavaju na ... MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution. 2009 ...
T cell
NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigen presented by CD1d. Once activated, these cells can perform functions ascribed to both Th ... Antigen-naïve T cells expand and differentiate into memory and effector T cells after they encounter their cognate antigen ... T cell exhaustion can be triggered by several factors like persistent antigen exposure and lack of CD4 T cell help.[51] Antigen ... Antigen discriminationEdit. A unique feature of T cells is their ability to discriminate between healthy and abnormal (e.g. ...
Lipid binding orientation within CD1d affects recognition of Borrelia burgorferi antigens by NKT cells | PNAS
Cell-free antigen presentation assay.. Antigen presentation experiments using wild-type or point-mutated CD1d molecules and V ... Mice express only CD1d. Crystal structures of human CD1a, b, and d, as well as mouse CD1d, without loading specific antigens, ... when it was presented by heterologous human CD1d. Surprisingly, and unlike GSL antigens, borrelial α-GalDAG antigens can bind ... We show that CD1d binding of the borrelial α-GalDAG antigens is relatively promiscuous, in that it included some nonantigenic ...
Glycolipid Antigen Processing for Presentation by CD1d Molecules | Science
Glycolipid Antigen Processing for Presentation by CD1d Molecules Message Subject. (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... Glycolipid Antigen Processing for Presentation by CD1d Molecules. By Theodore I. Prigozy, Olga Naidenko, Pankaj Qasba, Dirk ... Glycolipid Antigen Processing for Presentation by CD1d Molecules. By Theodore I. Prigozy, Olga Naidenko, Pankaj Qasba, Dirk ... The requirement for processing glycolipid antigens in T cell recognition was examined with mouse CD1d-mediated responses to ...
Low expression level but potent antigen presenting function of CD1d on monocyte lineage cells. - PubMed - NCBI
CD1d is a key antigen-presenting molecule involved in the selection and activation of a highly conserved T cell subset known as ... Low expression level but potent antigen presenting function of CD1d on monocyte lineage cells.. Spada FM1, Borriello F, Sugita ... In this study, we analyzed the expression, regulation and function of human CD1d by various antigen-presenting cells (APC) of ... and functional studies suggested that this was important for achieving efficient antigen loading onto CD1d. Overall, these ...
MPI-CBG: Identification of CD1d-associated Lipid Antigens by Shotgun Lipidomics
B cell receptor-mediated uptake of CD1d-restricted antigen augments antibody responses by recruiting invariant NKT cell help in...
... iNKT cells have an antigen-experienced phenotype and can respond very rapidly to CD1d-presented antigens without the need for ... 1998) CD1d-restricted recognition of synthetic glycolipid antigens by human natural killer T cells. J Exp Med 188:1529-1534.. ... 2001) Glycolipid antigen processing for presentation by CD1d molecules. Science 291:664-667.. ... B cell receptor-mediated uptake of CD1d-restricted antigen augments antibody responses by recruiting invariant NKT cell help in ...
Multiple defects in antigen presentation and T cell development by mice expressing cytoplasmic tail-truncated CD1d
... Nat Immunol ... antigen presentation and T cell development, demonstrating the critical functions of the CD1d cytoplasmic tail motif in vivo. ... we now describe knock-in mice with the CD1d cytoplasmic tail deleted. Despite adequate surface CD1d expression and the presence ... Little is known about the intracellular pathways of CD1 trafficking and antigen presentation. However, in vitro studies with ...
Tracking the Response of Natural Killer T Cells to a Glycolipid Antigen Using Cd1d Tetramers | JEM
1999) CD1d-restricted immunoglobulin G formation to GPI-anchored antigens mediated by NKT cells. Science. 283:225-229, pmid: ... 1998) CD1d-restricted recognition of synthetic glycolipid antigens by human natural killer T cells. J. Exp. Med. 188:1529-1534 ... Tracking the Response of Natural Killer T Cells to a Glycolipid Antigen Using Cd1d Tetramers. Jennifer L. Matsuda, Olga V. ... Dimeric CD1d-α-GalCer Complexes.. Soluble recombinant mCD1d1 and human (h)CD1d proteins expressed in Drosophila SC2 cells have ...
BAFF- and APRIL-Dependent Maintenance of Antibody Titers after Immunization with T-Dependent Antigen and CD1d-Binding Ligand |...
BAFF- and APRIL-Dependent Maintenance of Antibody Titers after Immunization with T-Dependent Antigen and CD1d-Binding Ligand. ... BAFF- and APRIL-Dependent Maintenance of Antibody Titers after Immunization with T-Dependent Antigen and CD1d-Binding Ligand ... BAFF- and APRIL-Dependent Maintenance of Antibody Titers after Immunization with T-Dependent Antigen and CD1d-Binding Ligand ... BAFF- and APRIL-Dependent Maintenance of Antibody Titers after Immunization with T-Dependent Antigen and CD1d-Binding Ligand ...
Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation | Protocol (Translated...
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein lipidation and control of CD1d on antigen-presenting cells | Journal of Experimental...
The types of lipids loaded initially onto CD1d could affect the ability of the CD1d antigen to be edited by saposins or other ... also regulates CD1d presentation of glycolipid antigens in the liver and intestine. We show MTP RNA and protein in antigen- ... Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein lipidation and control of CD1d on antigen-presenting cells Stephanie K. Dougan ... Tail-deleted forms of CD1d that fail to traffic to endosomes activate Vα14− NK1.1− NKT cells but cannot present antigen to ...
The actin cytoskeleton modulates the activation of invariant NKT cells by segregating CD1d nanoclusters on antigen presenting...
Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d
"Endocytic pH regulates cell surface localization of glycolipid antigen loaded CD1d complexes"<...
N2 - Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, an antigen presenting protein ... AB - Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, an antigen presenting protein ... Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, an antigen presenting protein ... abstract = "Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, an antigen presenting ...
CD1d-restricted recognition of synthetic glycolipid antigens by human natural killer T cells<...
CD1d-restricted recognition of synthetic glycolipid antigens by human natural killer T cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine ... CD1d-restricted recognition of synthetic glycolipid antigens by human natural killer T cells. / Spada, Franca M.; Koezuka, ... Spada, F. M., Koezuka, Y., & Porcelli, S. A. (1998). CD1d-restricted recognition of synthetic glycolipid antigens by human ... Spada, Franca M. ; Koezuka, Yasuhiko ; Porcelli, Steven A. / CD1d-restricted recognition of synthetic glycolipid antigens by ...
The yin and yang of CD1d recognition | Nature Immunology
Structural studies identify considerable differences in the recognition of CD1d-lipid complexes by the TCRs of type II and type ... Recognition of CD1d-sulfatide mediated by a type II natural killer T cell antigen receptor *Onisha Patel ... Figure 1: Differences in the recognition of CD1d by type II NKT cell TCRs and type I iNKT cell TCRs.. ... Type II natural killer T cells use features of both innate-like and conventional T cells to recognize sulfatide self antigens * ...
Purified anti-mouse CD1d Antibody anti-CD1d - K253
CD1d is a type I transmembrane protein and member of the MHC family, with a molecular weight ranging from 43-49 kD, depending ... CD1d is expressed by antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and B cells; also expressed by ... Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d1, CD1.1, Ly-38 Isotype Mouse IgG1, κ Ave. Rating Submit a Review Product Citations ... Antigen References 1. Arrenberg P, et al. 2010. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107:10984.. 2. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. ...
LEAF Purified anti-human CD1d Antibody anti-CD1d - 51.1
CD1d is a MHC-like, type I transmembrane protein, member of the CD1 family and the immunoglobulin superfamily. ... Cortical thymocytes express CD1d but the expression is lost in mature T cells. CD1d presents lipid antigens to iNKT cells ... On the cell surface, CD1d forms a heterodimer with β2-microglobulin. CD1d is expressed by antigen-presenting cells such as B ... CD Molecules, MHC Antigens, TCRs Antigen References 1. Koch M, et al. 2005. Nat. Immunol. 6:819.. 2. Liu X, et al. 2010. P. ...
In vivo identification of glycolipid antigen-specific T cells using fluorescent CD1d tetramers
... Academic Article ... suggesting the absence of a CD1d-specific, antigen-nonspecific NK receptor. Mouse CD1d1-alphaGalCer tetramers also stained ... Here, we report the generation and use of mouse CD1d1-glycolipid tetramers to visualize CD1d-restricted T cells. In contrast ... Fluorescent tetramers of mouse CD1d1 complexed with alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer), the antigen recognized by mouse ...
Structural determination of lipid antigens captured at the CD1d-T-cell receptor interface -ORCA
Table of Contents - January 26, 2001, 291 (5504) | Science
Human CD1D Gene Has TATA Boxless Dual Promoters: An SP1-Binding Element Determines the Function of the Proximal Promoter | The...
Low expression level but potent antigen presenting function of CD1d on monocyte lineage cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 30:3468. ... Detection of the expression of CD1d in Jurkat T cells. A, Detection of CD1D transcripts by RT-PCR. B, Detection of CD1d protein ... Overexpression of CD1d by keratinocytes in psoriasis and CD1d-dependent IFN-γ production by NK-T cells. J. Immunol. 165:4076. ... Activation-induced expression of CD1d antigen on mature T cells. J. Leukocyte Biol. 69:207. ...
Going both ways: immune regulation via CD1d-dependent NKT cells
Ig-like transcript 4 inhibits lipid antigen presentation through direct CD1d interaction. - CAMS Oxford Institute
... as a novel human CD1d receptor that inhibits CD1d-mediated immune responses. We found that native CD1d tetramer generated by ... The interaction between ILT4 and CD1d involves the two N-terminal domains of ILT4 and the Ag-binding groove of CD1d (alpha1/ ... The interaction between ILT4 and CD1d may provide new insights into the regulation of NKT-mediated immunity. ... NKT cells recognize lipid Ags presented by CD1d molecules and play an important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive ...
CD1d Rat anti-Mouse, Clone: 1B1, eBioscience 100 µg; Unconjugated
| Fisher Scientific
Shop a large selection of products and learn more about CD1d Rat anti-Mouse, Clone: 1B1, eBioscience 100 µg; Unconjugated 100 ... AI747460, CD1.1, Cd1a, Cd1d, Ly-38, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1d1, antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d1. ... While similar to MHC Class I, CD1d associates with beta2m, functionally CD1d is similar to MHC Class II. 1B1 detects CD1d at ... CD1d is the sole group 2 member of the CD1 family of major histocompatibility (MHC) like glycoproteins. The CD1d gene encodes a ...
RCSB PDB - 3QUX: Structure of the mouse CD1d-alpha-C-GalCer-iNKT TCR complex
Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d1. A. 285. Mus musculus. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: Cd1.1, CD1d, Cd1d1. ... Galactose-modified iNKT cell agonists stabilized by an induced fit of CD1d prevent tumour metastasis.. Aspeslagh, S., Li, Y., ... The strength of the Th1 response correlates well with enhanced lipid binding to CD1d as a result of an induced fit mechanism ... This induced fit is in contrast to another Th1-biasing glycolipid, α-C-GalCer, whose CD1d binding follows a conventional key- ...
RCSB PDB - 4IRS: Structure of the mouse CD1d-PyrC-alpha-GalCer-iNKT TCR complex
Structure of the mouse CD1d-PyrC-alpha-GalCer-iNKT TCR complex ... Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1d1. A. 285. Mus musculus. ... NKT cells, a unique type of regulatory T cells, respond to structurally diverse glycolipids presented by CD1d. Although it was ... NKT cells, a unique type of regulatory T cells, respond to structurally diverse glycolipids presented by CD1d. Although it was ... Structure of the mouse CD1d-PyrC-alpha-GalCer-iNKT TCR complex. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb4IRS/pdb ...
CD1d1 molecule ELISA Kits | Biocompare.com
CD1d protein structure determines species-selective antigenicity of isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) to invariant NKT cells.
... has been identified as a potent CD1d-presented self-antigen for mouse invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. The role of iGb3 ... Antigen Presentation. Antigens, CD1d / chemistry, immunology*, metabolism. Globosides / immunology*, metabolism. Humans. ... 0/Amino Acids; 0/Antigens, CD1d; 0/Globosides; 0/Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; 0/Trihexosylceramides; 0/ ... Isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) has been identified as a potent CD1d-presented self-antigen for mouse invariant natural ...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Synthesis of a 2ꞌꞌ-Deoxy-β-GalCer
CD1d) and the T cell receptors. However, these structures alone do not reveal the relative importance of these interactions. ... reactive Type II NKT cells have shown how the polar moieties on the glycolipids interact with both the antigen presenting ... Structural studies of ternary complexes of CD1d/glycosyl ceramides/iNKT cells and CD1d/sulfatide/sulfatide ... Keywords: β-GalCer; antigens; NKT cells; CD1d β-GalCer; antigens; NKT cells; CD1d ...
The MHC class-I like molecule CD1d presents glycolipid antigens and thereby | Targeting the Hypoxia-Sensing Pathway
The MHC class-I like molecule CD1d presents glycolipid antigens and thereby. By Abigail Sims , Published December 14, 2017 ... The MHC class-I like molecule CD1d presents glycolipid antigens and thereby activates invariant natural killer-T (NKT) cells. ... disc38 differentially regulate Compact disc1n proteins localization in THP-1 cells Since Compact disc1n is certainly an antigen ...
GlycoproteinMoleculeCellsMoleculesReceptorsCD1aGlycolipidsRecognitionInvariantProteinsReceptorEndogenousLymphocytesAntibodiesMiceCD1.1LigandSpeciesTCRsLipidsCloneImmune responsesR3G1SpecificityThymocytesINKT-cell activationPeptideRegulation of CD1d expressionReactivityEndosomalInhibits CD1d-mediatedCluster of differentiatStimulationSelf-antigenActivationComplexesType I transmembrane proteinTumorLigandsIntracellular
Glycoprotein3
- CD1d was expressed as a mature glycoprotein by these cells, and unlike the other members of the human CD1 family its expression was constitutive and was not strongly up-regulated by GM-CSF and IL-4 or a range of other cytokines. (nih.gov)
- Description: The 1B1 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse CD1d, a 48 kDa glycoprotein with structural homology to MHC class I molecules. (fishersci.com)
- Clone 1B1 reacts with CD1d, also known as CD1.1 and Ly-38, a 48 kDa type I membrane glycoprotein with structural homology to MHC class I molecules. (miltenyibiotec.com)
Molecule16
- CD1d is a key antigen-presenting molecule involved in the selection and activation of a highly conserved T cell subset known as NK T cells. (nih.gov)
- NK T lymphocytes may be classified into those that are positively selected by CD1d, a nonclassical class I molecule (for review see reference 1), and those that are CD1d independent. (rupress.org)
- CD1d presents lipid antigens to i NKT cells analogous to MHC molecule presentation of peptides to T cells. (biolegend.com)
- After investigating 3.7 kb 5′ upstream of the coding region, we found that human gene encoding CD1d molecule (CD1D) has TATA boxless dual promoters with multiple transcription initiation sites. (jimmunol.org)
- The gene encoding CD1d molecule (CD1D) 3 gene belongs to the group II CD1 gene family in human. (jimmunol.org)
- Among the CD1 molecules, CD1d is highly conserved across species and is the only group CD1 molecule functionally present in mice and rats ( 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ). (jimmunol.org)
- In stark contrast to both conventional T lymphocytes and other types of Tregs, NKT cells are reactive to the nonclassical class I antigen-presenting molecule CD1d, and they recognize glycolipid antigens rather than peptides. (nih.gov)
- The MHC class-I like molecule CD1d presents glycolipid antigens and thereby activates invariant natural killer-T (NKT) cells. (cloudlegalproject.org)
- RA and Compact disc38 differentially regulate Compact disc1n proteins localization in THP-1 cells Since Compact disc1n is certainly an antigen-presenting molecule, we additional examined its phrase and mobile distribution by movement cytometry and confocal microscopy. (cloudlegalproject.org)
- CD1d, a non-polymorphic MHC class I-like molecule, presents lipid antigens to Natural killer T (NKT) cells, which have potent anti-tumor effector functions. (biomedcentral.com)
- Pretreatment with Trichostatin A (TSA) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in CD1d-mediated NKT cell activation by lymphoma cells without altering CD1d or co-stimulatory molecule cell surface expression. (biomedcentral.com)
- The CD1d molecule shows a homology with MHC class I (MHC-I) polypeptides and is expressed in several cell types including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells ( 18 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which are activated by T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent recognition of lipid-based antigens presented by the CD1d molecule, have been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma and liver injury. (frontiersin.org)
- All invariant Valpha24(+) clones recognized the MHC class I-like CD16 molecule and discriminated between CD1d and other closely related human CD1 proteins, indicating that recognition was TCR-mediated. (nih.gov)
- These cells recognize different glycolipid antigens through the CD1d molecule. (scielo.org.co)
- Because they recognize a glycolipid antigen produced by a molecule called CD1d. (enotes.com)
Cells157
- Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) respond to CD1d-presented glycolipids from Borrelia burgdorferi , the causative agent of Lyme disease. (pnas.org)
- Although mouse and human iNKT cells respond to different antigens based on subtle differences in their fatty acids, the mechanism by which fatty acid structure determines antigenic potency is not well understood. (pnas.org)
- CD1 molecules recycle through intracellular vesicular compartments, where they sample different lipid-containing antigens for cell-surface presentation to reactive T cells ( 2 ⇓ - 4 ). (pnas.org)
- A specialized subset of glycolipid and CD1d-restricted T lymphocytes are known as type I or semi-invariant (i) natural killer T (NKT) cells. (pnas.org)
- These data demonstrate a carbohydrate antigen processing system analogous to that used for peptides and an ability of T cells to recognize processed fragments of complex glycolipids. (sciencemag.org)
- Low expression level but potent antigen presenting function of CD1d on monocyte lineage cells. (nih.gov)
- In this study, we analyzed the expression, regulation and function of human CD1d by various antigen-presenting cells (APC) of myeloid origin, including circulating monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages. (nih.gov)
- Despite their remarkably low surface expression of CD1d, all myeloid lineage cells tested were extremely potent APC for responses of NK T cell clones to the synthetic glycolipid antigen, alpha-galactosyl ceramide. (nih.gov)
- Prominent localization of CD1d to the endocytic system of monocyte lineage cells was observed, and functional studies suggested that this was important for achieving efficient antigen loading onto CD1d. (nih.gov)
- Overall, these results support the view that monocyte lineage cells are important stimulators of CD1d-restricted immune responses, while also underscoring the unique regulation of CD1d expression by these cells. (nih.gov)
- They can be recognized by T cells as antigens when presented by atypical MHC class I proteins of the CD1 family1. (mpi-cbg.de)
- To elicit antibody production, B cells must be activated in a process that is initiated through specific antigen recognition by the B cell receptor (BCR) ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
- Specific antigen engagement initiates two BCR-mediated processes: the transmission of intracellular signals regulating entry into cell cycle ( 2 , 3 ) and antigen internalization before its processing and presentation in association with MHC to specific T cells ( 4 ). (pnas.org)
- In a manner similar to MHC class II molecules, CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of antigenic lipids on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) after they are loaded or processed in intracellular compartments ( 10 ). (pnas.org)
- As CD1d is expressed by B cells, it is conceivable that BCR-mediated internalization could also play a role in CD1d-dependent presentation of antigenic lipids to T cells. (pnas.org)
- T cells recognize a diverse range of potential antigens through their highly polymorphic T cell receptor (TCR). (pnas.org)
- iNKT cells recognize and become activated in response to self or foreign antigenic lipids presented by nonpolymorphic CD1d molecules expressed on the surface of APCs ( 8 , 11 ). (pnas.org)
- By introducing a deletion of the tyrosine motif into the germ line, and through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, we now describe knock-in mice with the CD1d cytoplasmic tail deleted. (nih.gov)
- A major group of natural killer (NK) T cells express an invariant Vα14 + T cell receptor (TCR) specific for the lipoglycan α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which is presented by CD1d. (rupress.org)
- Here we show that tetramers of mouse CD1d loaded with α-GalCer are a sensitive and highly specific reagent for identifying Vα14 + NK T cells. (rupress.org)
- Many members of this first population, the CD1d-dependent NK T cells, express a semiinvariant TCR composed of a specific Vα14 rearrangement paired preferentially with a diverse set of Vβ8.2, Vβ7, or Vβ2 rearrangements. (rupress.org)
- CD1d-dependent NK T cells are believed to be involved in the regulation of immune responses as a result of their potent ability to secrete cytokines. (rupress.org)
- CD1d-dependent NK T cells also might be involved in some circumstances in the prevention of tumor metastases ( 9 ) and the response to some infectious agents ( 10 )( 11 )( 12 )( 13 ). (rupress.org)
- Currently, the natural ligand(s) for CD1d-restricted NK T cells is unknown, although phosphoinositol-containing compounds have been suggested to be natural ligands for some of these cells ( 13 )( 14 )( 15 ). (rupress.org)
- α-GalCer is a specific agent for activating Vα14 + CD1d-dependent NK T cells ( 16 )( 18 ). (rupress.org)
- Although analysis for the coexpression of NK1.1 and an α/β TCR is widely used to identify CD1d-dependent NK T cells, there are several reasons why this method is not entirely satisfactory. (rupress.org)
- Second, NK1.1 + T cells may downregulate the NK1.1 marker upon activation ( 24 ), making it difficult to follow these cells once they have encountered antigen. (rupress.org)
- Lastly, the NK1.1 marker also is found on CD1d-independent T cells ( 25 )( 26 )( 27 ). (rupress.org)
- Tetramers have been used widely to obtain a detailed analysis of the distribution and frequency of conventional CD4 + and CD8 + antigen-specific T cells during a variety of immune responses. (rupress.org)
- CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells boost humoral immunity to T-dependent Ags that are coadministered with the CD1d-binding glycolipid Ag α-galactosylceramide (α-GC). (jimmunol.org)
- Antigen-presenting protein that binds self and non-self glycolipids and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural killer T-cells. (nih.gov)
- The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. (nih.gov)
- Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, an antigen presenting protein structurally similar to MHC class I. Stimulation of iNKT cells by glycolipid antigens can induce strong immune responses in vivo, with rapid production of a wide variety of cytokines including those classically associated with either T helper type 1 (Th1) or type 2 (Th2) responses. (elsevier.com)
- Here we show that neutralization of endosomal pH enhanced localization of CD1d complexes containing Th2-biasing glycolipids to plasma membrane lipid rafts of antigen presenting cells (APC). (elsevier.com)
- Here we show that human NK T cell clones are strongly and specifically activated by the same synthetic glycolipid antigens as have been shown recently to stimulate murine NK T cells. (elsevier.com)
- Responses of human NK T cells to these synthetic glycolipids, consisting of certain α-anomeric sugars conjugated to an acylated phytosphingosine base, required presentation by antigen-presenting cells expressing the major histocompatibility complex class I-like CD1d protein. (elsevier.com)
- Presentation of synthetic glycolipid antigens to human NK T cells required internalization of the glycolipids by the antigen-presenting cell and normal endosomal targeting of CD1d. (elsevier.com)
- Spada, FM, Koezuka, Y & Porcelli, SA 1998, ' CD1d-restricted recognition of synthetic glycolipid antigens by human natural killer T cells ', Journal of Experimental Medicine , vol. 188, no. 8, pp. 1529-1534. (elsevier.com)
- Structural studies identify considerable differences in the recognition of CD1d-lipid complexes by the TCRs of type II and type I (invariant) natural killer T cells. (nature.com)
- Here, we report the generation and use of mouse CD1d1-glycolipid tetramers to visualize CD1d-restricted T cells. (scripps.edu)
- In contrast, natural killer (NK) cells failed to bind the tetramers either empty or loaded with alphaGalCer, suggesting the absence of a CD1d-specific, antigen-nonspecific NK receptor. (scripps.edu)
- CD1d present glycolipids to i NKT cells that recognize them by their Vα14 i TCR. (biolegend.com)
- CD1d is expressed by antigen-presenting cells such as B cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, and some non-lymphoid cells. (biolegend.com)
- Cortical thymocytes express CD1d but the expression is lost in mature T cells. (biolegend.com)
- NKT cells recognize lipid Ags presented by CD1d molecules and play an important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. (ox.ac.uk)
- We found that native CD1d tetramer generated by mammalian cells was able to specifically bind human monocytes in the peripheral blood, and this binding was at least partly mediated by monocyte-expressed ILT4. (ox.ac.uk)
- CD1d presents lipid Ags to a specific population of NK T cells, which are involved in the host immune defense, suppression of autoimmunity, and the rejection of tumor cells. (jimmunol.org)
- The illustration of the dual CD1D gene promoters will help to reveal the regulatory factors that control CD1d expression and its tissue distribution for a better understanding of the cross-regulation between CD1d and NK T cells. (jimmunol.org)
- Both human and mouse CD1d can present α-galactosylceramide to NK T cells, which express a restricted range of TCRs bearing a single invariant Vα chain (Vα14Jα281 in mice and Vα24 inv in human) to stimulate specific immune responses ( 12 , 13 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Human CD1d expression can be up-regulated on intestinal epithelial cells and keratinocytes by IFN-γ ( 20 , 21 ) or on peripheral blood T cells by mitogen stimulation ( 15 , 22 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Overexpression of CD1d has been seen in patients with psoriasis on keratinocytes ( 21 ), in patients with allergic reactions to cow's milk in the duodenal lamina propria ( 23 ), and in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis on the epithelial cells of the small bile ducts ( 24 ). (jimmunol.org)
- The levels of CD1d expression can vary significantly between different individuals on T lymphocytes ( 15 ), monocytes, or monocyte-derived dendritic cells ( 25 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Beta 2 microglobulin independent expression of CD1d has also been demonstrated on human intestinal epithelial cells. (fishersci.com)
- Structural studies of ternary complexes of CD1d/glycosyl ceramides/ i NKT cells and CD1d/sulfatide/sulfatide reactive Type II NKT cells have shown how the polar moieties on the glycolipids interact with both the antigen presenting protein (CD1d) and the T cell receptors. (mdpi.com)
- These findings highlight the previously unexploited flexibility of CD1d in accommodating galactose-modified glycolipids and broaden the range of glycolipids that can stimulate iNKT cells. (rcsb.org)
- NKT cells, a unique type of regulatory T cells, respond to structurally diverse glycolipids presented by CD1d. (rcsb.org)
- CD1d protein structure determines species-selective antigenicity of isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) to invariant NKT cells. (biomedsearch.com)
- Isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3) has been identified as a potent CD1d-presented self-antigen for mouse invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (biomedsearch.com)
- Here we show that human and mouse iNKT cells were both able to recognise iGb3 presented by mouse CD1d (mCD1d), but not human CD1d (hCD1d), as iGb3-hCD1d was unable to support cognate interactions with the iNKT-cell TCRs tested in this study. (biomedsearch.com)
- Many hematologic malignancies express CD1d and the co-stimulatory proteins needed to induce anti-tumor responses by NKT cells, yet most tumors are poorly immunogenic. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we sought to test the hypothesis that B cell lymphomas use epigenetic mechanisms to dysregulate CD1d-mediated antigen processing and presentation leading to a functional impairment in the ability of NKT cells to recognize tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
- Similarly, pretreatment with TSA enhanced MHC class II mediated antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition, thymocytes and splenocytes from NPC2-deficient mice were poor presenters of endogenous and exogenous lipids to CD1d-restricted Vα14 hybridoma cells. (rupress.org)
- Similar to saposin B, NPC2 dimers were able to load isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3), the natural selecting ligand of NKT cells in the thymus, into CD1d. (rupress.org)
- CD1d is the restriction element for two groups of T cells that recognize lipids. (rupress.org)
- NKT cells represent an ideal system for the study of lipid antigens because agonist ligands such as α-galactosyl and α-glucuronosyl ceramides have been identified, and the main thymic selecting ceramide, isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3), is known ( 9 , 10 ). (rupress.org)
- The main endogenous self-glycolipid that, once bound to CD1d, selects canonical Vα14 NKT cells was recently identified as iGb3, a sphingolipid that is produced in small quantities by iGb3 synthases and mainly by the degradation of isoglobotetrahexosylceramide by glycosidase β-hexosaminidase b, as illustrated by the absence of Vα14 NKT cells in hexosaminidase b-deficient mice ( 10 , 15 ). (rupress.org)
- Saposins modulate human invariant Natural Killer T cells self-reactivity and facilitate lipid exchange with CD1d molecules during antigen presentation. (ox.ac.uk)
- To address these questions, we used a combination of cellular assays and demonstrated that saposins influence CD1d-restricted presentation to human iNKT cells not only of exogenous lipids but also of endogenous ligands, such as the self-glycosphingolipid β-glucopyranosylceramide, up-regulated by antigen-presenting cells following bacterial infection. (ox.ac.uk)
- Furthermore, we demonstrated that in human myeloid cells CD1d-loading of endogenous lipids after bacterial infection, but not at steady state, requires trafficking of CD1d molecules through an endo-lysosomal compartment. (ox.ac.uk)
- These results have important implications in understanding how to optimize lipid-loading onto antigen-presenting cells, to better harness iNKT cells central role at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. (ox.ac.uk)
- Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells recognize endogenous and exogenous lipid antigens presented in the context of CD1d molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
- The ability of iNKT cells to recognize endogenous antigens represents a distinct immune recognition strategy, which underscores the constitutive memory phenotype of iNKT cells and their activation during inflammatory conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here, we show that the spatiotemporal distribution of CD1d molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) modulates activation of iNKT cells. (ox.ac.uk)
- CD1D is the human gene that encodes the protein CD1d, a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. (wikipedia.org)
- They are non-classical MHC proteins, related to the class I MHC proteins, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. (wikipedia.org)
- CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate a special class of T cells, known as natural killer T (NKT) cells, through the interaction with the T-cell receptor present on NKT membranes. (wikipedia.org)
- The related β-D-glucopyranosylceramide is accumulated in antigen-presenting cells after infection, where it serves to activate invariant NKTs (iNKTs), a special kind of NKT. (wikipedia.org)
- CD1d tetramers are protein constructs composed of four CD1d molecules joined together and usually fluorescently labelled, used to identify NKT cells or other CD1d-reactive cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Activation of invariant CD1d-dependent NK T cells (iNKT cells) in vivo through administration of the glycolipid ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) or the sphingosine-truncated α-GalCer analog OCH leads to CD40 signaling as well as the release of soluble molecules including type 1 and γ interferons that contribute to DC maturation. (jci.org)
- The adjuvant activity of α-GalCer enhances both priming and boosting of CD8+ T cells to coadministered peptide or protein antigens, including a peptide encoding the clinically relevant, HLA-A2-restricted epitope of the human tumor antigen NY-ESO-1. (jci.org)
- Importantly, α-GalCer was used to induce CD8+ T cells to antigens delivered orally, despite the fact that this route of administration is normally associated with blunted responses. (jci.org)
- B ) Surface expression of CD86 on CD11c + cells was assessed on splenocytes from wild-type C57BL/6 or CD1d-/- mice or a mixture of splenocytes from both (Mixed), stimulated in vitro with (thick solid lines) or without α-GalCer (gray filled histograms) for 16 hours. (jci.org)
- D ) The immunostimulatory capacity of splenic CD11c + cells from α-GalCer- or vehicle-treated C57BL/6 (B6) animals was assessed by loading with OVA 257-264 peptide ex vivo and transferring antigen-loaded cells into naive C57BL/6 and i NKT cell-deficient recipients ( n = 5) (arrows indicate direction of DC transfer). (jci.org)
- In the current study, we demonstrate that adipocyte CD1d plays a key role in the stimulation of adipose iNKT cells, leading to anti-inflammatory responses in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Accordingly, adipocyte-specific CD1d-knockout (CD1d ADKO ) mice showed reduced numbers of iNKT cells in adipose tissues and decreased responses to α-galactosylceramide-induced iNKT cell activation. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Additionally, HFD-fed CD1d ADKO mice revealed reduced interleukin-4 expression in adipose iNKT cells and aggravated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
- iNKT cells are the type I NKT cells that are characterized by the expression of semi-invariant CD1d-restricted T cell receptors (TCRs) ( 18 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Also, iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens loaded on CD1d molecules ( 19 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Marine sponge-derived α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) is a potent CD1d-binding lipid antigen that activates iNKT cells ( 20 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- In iNKT cells, determination of cytokine characters into Th1 type or Th2 type is influenced by antigen-presenting cell (APC) types, environmental cytokine milieu, and lipid antigen species ( 18 , 21 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Interestingly, adipocytes highly express CD1d and potentially activate iNKT cells in vitro ( 13 , 17 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- In the current study, we investigated the in vivo roles of adipocyte CD1d in the regulation of adipose iNKT cells, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance in obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The present experiments suggest that adipocyte CD1d is a crucial activator of adipose iNKT cells and that adipose iNKT cell activation could alleviate adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in obese subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that reacts to glycolipids presented by CD1d. (springer.com)
- CD1d-dependent activation of NKT cells aggravates atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
- Natural killer T (NKT) cells can recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1 molecules. (nih.gov)
- We have explored the role of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in atherosclerosis by using apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice, a hypercholesterolemic mouse model that develops atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
- Administration of alpha-galactosylceramide, a synthetic glycolipid that activates NKT cells via CD1d, induced a 50% increase in lesion size in apoE-/- mice, whereas it did not affect lesion size in apoE-/-CD1d-/- mice. (nih.gov)
- These results show that activation of CD1d-restricted NKT cells exacerbates atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
- Together, these findings indicate that CD1d-dependent activation of NKT cells aggravates atherosclerosis and that lack of CD1d, the restriction element for presentation of lipid antigens to NKT cells, leads to reduced lesions in a mouse model of human atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
- CD1 molecules, like MHC I and II, play an equally important role in the immune system by presenting lipid, glycolipid and lipopeptide antigen to T and NKT cells. (novusbio.com)
- MHC class II-restricted CD4 + T cells specific for peptide antigens, which acquire professional follicular B cell helper functions, have been long recognized as key players in this process. (mdpi.com)
- CD1d restricted NKT cells specific for lipid antigens are one such new player and can coopt bona fide follicular helper phenotypes. (mdpi.com)
- Their role in helping antigen-specific B cell response to protein antigens, as well as to the so called "help-less" antigens that cannot be recognized by T follicular helper cells, is being increasingly elucidated, highlighting their potential pathophysiological impact on the immune response, as well as on the design of improved vaccine formulations. (mdpi.com)
- Requirements for CD1d recognition by human invariant Valpha24+ CD4-CD8- T cells. (nih.gov)
- Upon activation by anti-CD3 or CD1d, the clones produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines.These results demonstrate that human invariant Valpha24+ CD4-CD8- T cells, and presumably the homologous murine NK1+ T cell population, are CD1d reactive and functionally distinct from NK cells.The conservation of this cell population and of the CD1d ligand across species indicates an important immunological function. (nih.gov)
- These results demonstrate that human invariant Valpha24+ CD4-CD8- T cells, and presumably the homologous murine NK1+ T cell population, are CD1d reactive and functionally distinct from NK cells. (nih.gov)
- Although the target cells that mediate activation of invariant Vα24+ T cells in vivo are not known, normal B cells express CD1d (51) and may be a relevant CD1d-presenting cell. (nih.gov)
- Therefore, the C1R HLA-A and -B negative B lymphoblastoid cell line (52), which does not express detectable CD1d (our unpublished data), was used to confirm the results in CHO cells and to determine whether the need for nonphysiological costimulation could be reduced or eliminated. (nih.gov)
- CD1d-transfected C1R cells specifically stimulated each of the invariant Vα24+ DN T cell clones tested based upon IFN-γ and IL-4 production and T cell proliferation (Fig. 5 a and data not shown), confirming the results in CHO cells. (nih.gov)
- CD1d is found at varying levels on most types of bone marrow and peripheral leukocytes and on epithelial, dendritic, and lymphoid cells in the thymus. (miltenyibiotec.com)
- Clone 51.1 recognizes CD1d, a member of the CD1 family of MHC class I like glycoproteins involved in presenting lipid-based antigens to T cells. (miltenyibiotec.com)
- CD1d-restricted repertoire of T cells include NKT cells expressing invariant chain T cell receptors (TCRs), T cells with diverse TCRs, and naive like T cells with intermediate expression levels of the transcription factor PLZF. (miltenyibiotec.com)
- Expression of CD1d is found on the surface of many cells, including hepatocytes and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including splenic dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and B cells, intestinal epithelial cells, foreskin keratinocytes, penile urethral epithelial cells, and hepatocytes. (miltenyibiotec.com)
- 2011) A naive-like population of human CD1d-restricted T cells expressing intermediate levels of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger. (miltenyibiotec.com)
- They differ from conventional αβ T cells, since most of γδ T cells do not express the CD4 and CD8 co-receptors and, as a consequence, antigen recognition by γδ TCR is not restricted to major histo-compatibility complex (MHC) molecules ( 13 , 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Moreover as γδ T cell activation does not require antigen processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APC), γδ T cells can be rapidly activated and act during the early phase of the immune response. (frontiersin.org)
- NKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells that recognize lipid antigens. (springer.com)
- Bai L, Picard D, Anderson B, Chaudhary V, Luoma A, Jabri B, Adams EJ, Savage PB, Bendelac A (2012) The majority of CD1d-sulfatide-specific T cells in human blood use a semiinvariant Vdelta1 TCR. (springer.com)
- Sriram V, Du W, Gervay-Hague J, Brutkiewicz RR (2005) Cell wall glycosphingolipids of Sphingomonas paucimobilis are CD1d-specific ligands for NKT cells. (springer.com)
- Girardi E, Zajonc DM (2012) Molecular basis of lipid antigen presentation by CD1d and recognition by natural killer T cells. (springer.com)
- Pei B, Speak AO, Shepherd D, Butters T, Cerundolo V, Platt FM, Kronenberg M (2011) Diverse endogenous antigens for mouse NKT cells: self-antigens that are not glycosphingolipids. (springer.com)
- Human and mouse i NKT cells react to the same glycolipid antigens, including α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), which is presented by CD1d. (jci.org)
- However, humans have fewer CD1d-restricted i NKT cells than mice. (jci.org)
- Additionally, α-GalCer targets only i NKT cells, as there is little bystander activation and little transactivation in mice lacking CD1d. (jci.org)
- Moreover, activation of iNKT cells is determined by the type and state of the antigen presenting cell, the co-stimulatory molecules, the transactivation mechanisms and the location of the glycolipid-CD1d complexes on the plasma membrane, such as the lipid rafts. (scielo.org.co)
- Explores the antigen-recognition properties of murine gamma/delta T cells. (ebscohost.com)
- The success of vaccination is directly or indirectly based on the specificity of antigen recognition by T lymphocytes, their efficient activation and expansion, and the generation of vaccine-specific effector and memory cells. (ebscohost.com)
- Glycolipids presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I homolog CD1d are recognized by natural killer T cells (NKT cells) characterized by either a semi-invariant T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire (type I NKT cells or iNKT cells) or a relatively variable TCR repertoire. (ebscohost.com)
- The TCR's sensitivity to self peptide-MHC dictates the ability of naive CD8+ T cells to respond to foreign antigens. (ebscohost.com)
- The strength with which complexes of self peptide and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are recognized by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) dictates the homeostasis of naive CD8+ T cells, but its effect on reactivity to foreign antigens is controversial. (ebscohost.com)
- In the past 15 years, the molecular identification of antigens that can mediate the killing of tumor cells by T cells has been vigorously pursued. (ebscohost.com)
- Identification, isolation and characterization of multiple antigen-specific populations of T cells by Soen et al. (ebscohost.com)
- It has the ability to recognize autologous cells expressing foreign antigens. (ebscohost.com)
- There are lots of different types of T-cells, but the ones that do the killing of antigens that are foreign to the system are natural killer T-cells, or NKT cells. (enotes.com)
- Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells and the pathophysiological implications of self-lipid antigen recognition. (semanticscholar.org)
- The influence of age and Rhodococcus equi infection on CD1 expression by equine antigen presenting cells. (semanticscholar.org)
- Studies using antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and more recently the use of monoclonal antibodies to deplete T lymphocytes, revealed that contaminating mature T cells from the donor recognize the recipient's histocompatibility antigens. (hindawi.com)
- Stephanie Dougan received her PhD in immunology from Harvard University in 2007 after studying NKT cells and CD1d antigen presentation with Dr. Richard Blumberg. (dana-farber.org)
- By harvesting as few as 200 primary lymphocytes from animals that are at the peak of an immune response, and by transfer of the nucleus from such antigen specific lymphocytes into an enucleated oocyte, embryonic stem cells that harbor the genetic rearrangements encoding the original antigen receptor may be obtained and used for the construction of transnuclear mice. (dana-farber.org)
- The T cells are genetically modified through transduction with a retroviral vector expressing CD1D-specific T cell receptor. (creative-biolabs.com)
- in vitro expansion of iNKT cells to antigen-pulsed autologous monocytes and recombinant CD1d/antigen coated beads was compared to differentiate inherent iNKT cell defects from defects in antigen presentation. (bmj.com)
- Results The clonal repertoire of iNKT cells in healthy controls shows a broad distribution with regard to iNKT receptor affinity for CD1d. (bmj.com)
- CD1d expression on antigen-presenting cells was not different between groups. (bmj.com)
- iNKT cells in all early RA patients exhibited a bias in cytokine secretion towards Th1 cytokines, independent of CD1 antigen processing. (bmj.com)
- The CD1d-tetramer + TCRβ + population was gated following stimulation with α-GalCer and induction of IL-4 (bottom right) or IFN-γ (bottom left) by NKT cells was assessed by flow cytometry. (aacrjournals.org)
- Human CD1D / R3G1 derived in Human Cells. (creativebiomart.net)
- 28 Furthermore 2 viral modulators of immune response (vMIRs) act as E3 ubiquitin ligases and down-regulate MHC-I. 29 , 30 vMIR2 also down-regulates ICAM-1 and CD86 by enhancing endocytosis, lysosomal targeting, and proteasome-mediated degradation 31 , 32 and increases endocytosis of CD1d, leading to the escape of infected cells from NKT cells. (bloodjournal.org)
- Disruption of a CD1d-mediated interaction between mast cells and NKT cells aggravates atherosclerosis. (bioportfolio.com)
- α-GalCer is a potent activator of iNKT cells, and a model CD1d antigen. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike MHC class I molecules that present peptide antigens, CD1d presents lipid antigens to natural killer T (NKT) cells. (fluidigm.com)
- The cells are modified by adding a natural killer t-cell ligand, which permits them to stimulate natural killer T-cells, along with an antigen associated with a cancer. (riken.jp)
- Tests in mice showed, moreover, that aggressive tumors could be shrunken by vaccinating the animals with aAVC cells that were programmed to display OVA antigen. (riken.jp)
- aAVC are established using allogeneic cells (NIH3T3 or HEK293 cells for mice and humans, respectively) as vector cells by loading with NKT ligand, α-GalCerand co-electroporation with target Ag and CD1d mRNA. (riken.jp)
- The closely-aggregated structures composed of CD11c+ DCs (green) and antigen-specific CD8+ T cells (red) around the vessels (blue) were seen in tumor sites. (riken.jp)
- galactosyl ceramide is the prototypical ligand of CD1d, its activation of iNKT cells produces a mixture of T\(_H\)1 and T\(_H\)2 cytokines, which limits its therapeutic application. (bham.ac.uk)
Molecules18
- CD1 proteins constitute a family of antigen-presenting molecules ( 1 ), similar in structure to MHC class I antigen-presenting molecules. (pnas.org)
- During the development of immune responses BCR-mediated uptake of antigen allows for its concentration and delivery to specialized late endosomes containing newly synthesized MHC class II molecules ( 7 ). (pnas.org)
- The human CD1 gene family is composed of five nonpolymorphic genes ( CD1A , CD1B , CD1C , CD1D , and CD1E ) ( 9 ), whereas mice express only CD1d molecules. (pnas.org)
- The CD1 family of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-like molecules specializes in presenting lipid and glycolipid antigens to alpha/beta T lymphocytes, but little is known about the size of the CD1-restricted T cell population or the frequency of T lymphocytes specific for a given glycolipid antigen. (scripps.edu)
- CD1d molecules are noncovalently associated with β 2 -microglobulin to form a heterodimeric three-dimensional structure that is similar to the MHC class I molecules ( 1 ). (jimmunol.org)
- CD1d is also expressed on immature cortical thymocytes and down-regulated on mature thymocytes in parallel with the expression of group I CD1 molecules ( 17 , 18 , 19 ). (jimmunol.org)
- These observations strongly suggested that the phenotype observed in NPC2-deficient animals was directly linked to the efficiency of the loading of iGb3 into CD1d molecules expressed by thymocytes. (rupress.org)
- Lipid transfer proteins, such as molecules of the saposin family, facilitate extraction of lipids from biological membranes for their loading onto CD1d molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
- In addition, it is unclear whether saposins, in addition to loading, also promote dissociation of lipids bound to CD1d molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
- Finally, using BIAcore assays we demonstrated that lipid-loaded saposin B increases the off-rate of lipids bound to CD1d molecules, providing important insights into the mechanisms by which it acts as a "lipid editor," capable of fine-tuning loading and unloading of CD1d molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
- By using superresolution microscopy, we show that CD1d molecules form nanoclusters at the cell surface of APCs, and their size and density are constrained by the actin cytoskeleton. (ox.ac.uk)
- CD1d is the only member of the group 2 CD1 molecules. (wikipedia.org)
- Thus, while αβ TCR interact with peptides bound to MHC class I or class II molecules, γδ TCR recognize a diverse array of self and non-self antigens, such as small peptides, soluble or membrane proteins, phospholipids, prenyl pyrophosphates, and sulfatides. (frontiersin.org)
- In contrast to antibodies, which recognize antigens in native form, αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) only recognize antigens as peptide fragments bound to MHC molecules, a feature known as MHC restriction. (ebscohost.com)
- However, the discovery of MHC-class-I-like CD1 antigen-presentation molecules now explains how the immune system also recognizes the abundant and diverse universe of lipid-containing antigens. (semanticscholar.org)
- The CD1 molecules bind and present amphipathic lipid antigens for recognition by T-cell receptors. (semanticscholar.org)
- Saposin B is the dominant saposin that facilitates lipid binding to human CD1d molecules. (semanticscholar.org)
- F, addition of anti-GD3 mAb to tumor-associated ascites restores NKT cell recognition of CD1d molecules. (aacrjournals.org)
Receptors2
- Distinct CD1d docking strategies exhibited by diverse Type II NKT cell receptors. (nih.gov)
- Hayday, A. C. & Vantourout, P. The innate biologies of adaptive antigen receptors. (nature.com)
CD1a3
- Humans express five family members (CD1a-e) that can be grouped into three groups based on sequence similarity: group 1 (CD1a-c), group 2 (CD1d), and group 3 (CD1e) ( 5 , 6 ). (pnas.org)
- Crystal structures of human CD1a, b, and d, as well as mouse CD1d, without loading specific antigens, or in complex with different glycolipids or lipopeptides, have been extensively reviewed elsewhere ( 7 ⇓ ⇓ - 10 ). (pnas.org)
- Mammalian CD1 proteins segregate into group I (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c) and group II (CD1d) based on sequence homologies ( 1 , 2 ). (rupress.org)
Glycolipids5
- Here we show that the mouse and human CD1d present glycolipids having different fatty acids, based in part upon a difference at a single amino acid position that is involved in positioning the sugar epitope. (pnas.org)
- Recently, a different category of glycolipids, α-galactosyl diacylglycerolipids (α-GalDAG), have been identified as novel iNKT cell antigens. (pnas.org)
- The Th1-biasing glycolipids have been found to consistently form complexes with CD1d that preferentially localize to plasma membrane cholesterol rich microdomains (lipid rafts), whereas CD1d complexes formed with Th2-biasing ligands are excluded from these microdomains. (elsevier.com)
- These data highlight the in vivo relevance of adding aromatic moieties to the 6''-OH position of the sugar and additionally show that judiciously chosen linkers are a promising strategy to generate strong Th1-polarizing glycolipids through increased binding either to CD1d or to NKTCR. (rcsb.org)
- Thus, the loading of endogenous and exogenous lipids and glycolipids onto CD1d is dependent on various small, soluble lipid transfer proteins present in the lysosome. (rupress.org)
Recognition8
- The requirement for processing glycolipid antigens in T cell recognition was examined with mouse CD1d-mediated responses to glycosphingolipids (GSLs). (sciencemag.org)
- This process is initiated by specific recognition of antigen through the B cell receptor (BCR), leading to early intracellular signaling followed by the late recruitment of T cell help. (pnas.org)
- Figure 1: Differences in the recognition of CD1d by type II NKT cell TCRs and type I i NKT cell TCRs. (nature.com)
- Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: ELISA 1 , immunofluorescence 2 to detect CD1d in the lipid rafts on the cell membrane, and block 1 CD1d recognition of an i NKT cell hybridoma. (biolegend.com)
- Tumors frequently alter antigen processing and presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins in order to evade recognition by the immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
- Is the Subject Area "Antigen processing and recognition" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
- Recognition was not dependent upon an endosomal targeting motif in the cytoplasmic tail of CD1d. (nih.gov)
- CD1d-lipid-antigen recognition by the semi-invariant NKT T-cell receptor. (expasy.org)
Invariant2
- In this study we demonstrate that specific BCR uptake of CD1d-restricted antigens represents an effective means of enhancing invariant natural killer T (iNKT)-dependent B cell responses in vivo . (pnas.org)
- The invariant T cell receptor of the iNKT cell is able to bind the CD1d:glycolipid complex leading to iNKT cell activation in both mice and humans. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins4
- The CD1d gene encodes a divergent member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. (fishersci.com)
- We have shown in vitro and in vivo that iGb3 could not load CD1d spontaneously but rather required the assistance of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) such as saposin ( 10 ). (rupress.org)
- 11 ⇓ - 13 EBV modulates cellular antiviral responses in various ways, including down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins 14 and blocking proteasomal degradation and antigen synthesis. (bloodjournal.org)
- Antigen loading occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum with the help of chaperone proteins such as calreticulin. (bham.ac.uk)
Receptor2
- In this study, we report the identification of a membrane-associated protein, Ig-like transcript 4 (ILT4), as a novel human CD1d receptor that inhibits CD1d-mediated immune responses. (ox.ac.uk)
- The vector of anti-CD1D T cell receptor (TCR) is constructed for the engineering of T cell to target Human CD1D. (creative-biolabs.com)
Endogenous2
- Overall, these results define a previously unidentified mechanism that modulates iNKT cell autoreactivity based on the tight control by the APC cytoskeleton of the sizes and densities of endogenous antigen-loaded CD1d nanoclusters. (ox.ac.uk)
- Such antigens may be endogenous, derived from bacteria (foreign) and synthetic, the latter have been developed for clinical applications. (scielo.org.co)
Lymphocytes1
- B lymphocytes secrete antibody, present antigen and regulate immune responses. (keystonesymposia.org)
Antibodies1
- As antibodies are designed to specifically recognize and eliminate invading antigens, they are effective weapons used by the immune system to combat infection. (pnas.org)
Mice14
- Mice express only CD1d. (pnas.org)
- Despite adequate surface CD1d expression and the presence of Ii, these mutant mice showed multiple and selective abnormalities in intracellular trafficking, antigen presentation and T cell development, demonstrating the critical functions of the CD1d cytoplasmic tail motif in vivo. (nih.gov)
- Transfer of APCs presenting these "stabilized" CD1d/αGC complexes into mice resulted in immune responses with a more prominent Th1-like bias, characterized by increased NK cell transactivation and interferon-γ production. (elsevier.com)
- BALB/c-congenic mice harboring this null mutation of the CD1 antigen complex are described and available from The Jackson Laboratory Repository as Stock No. 003814 . (jax.org)
- Compared with wild-type mice, iNKT cell-deficient animals such as Jα18-knockout (KO) or CD1d-KO mice exhibited higher proinflammatory responses and exacerbated insulin resistance upon high-fat diet (HFD) ( 13 - 17 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Accordingly, we generated adipocyte-specific CD1d-KO (CD1d ADKO ) mice and then analyzed the effects of adipocyte CD1d deletion on adipose tissue immune responses and metabolic alterations following HFD feeding. (diabetesjournals.org)
- ApoE-/- mice crossed with CD1d-/- (CD1d-/-apoE-/-) mice exhibited a 25% decrease in lesion size compared with apoE-/- mice. (nih.gov)
- 5-wk-old female apoE−/− and apoE−/−CD1d−/− mice were injected twice a week for 10 wk with αGalCer or PBS and killed 48 h after the last injection (n = 12 for each group). (nih.gov)
- b) Lesion size at every 100 μm for the first 600 μm of the aortic root in apoE−/− and apoE−/−CD1d−/− mice. (nih.gov)
- In apoE−/− CD1d−/− mice, αGalCer did not affect lesion size (Fig. 1, a and c), demonstrating that the effect of αGalCer on atherosclerosis depends on CD1d. (nih.gov)
- We also use the technology in reverse to clone mice from tumor-infiltrating Tregs as a means of determining their antigen-specificity. (dana-farber.org)
- To find whether it worked in actual bodies, they conducted experiments in mice with a virulent form of melanoma that also expresses a model antigen called OVA. (riken.jp)
- C57BL/6, BALB/c, cd1d -null, and rag1 -null mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). (asm.org)
- Cd1d -null mice were backcrossed onto the BALB/c background for at least 10 generations. (asm.org)
CD1.11
- There are currently no images for CD1.1 antigen Antibody (NBP1-28362). (novusbio.com)
Ligand1
- The conservation of this cell population and of the CD1d ligand across species indicates an important immunological function. (nih.gov)
Species1
- Given the importance of human immune responses, we conducted a human-mouse cross-species analysis of iNKT-cell activation by iGb3-CD1d. (biomedsearch.com)
TCRs1
- Ternary structures of TRBV6-1, TRBV6-4, and TRBV20(+) MAIT TCRs in complex with MR1 bound to a potent riboflavin-based antigen (Ag) showed how variations in TRBV gene usage exclusively impacted on MR1 contacts within a consensus MAIT TCR-MR1 footprint. (jove.com)
Lipids2
- CD1d also can bind nonantigenic lipids, however, but unexpectedly, mouse CD1d orients the two aliphatic chains of a nonantigenic lipid rotated 180°, causing a dramatic repositioning of the exposed sugar. (pnas.org)
- Importantly, we determined that similar to saposins, recombinant NPC2 was able to unload lipids from and load lipids into CD1d. (rupress.org)
Clone1
- C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes were stained purified CD1d (clone K253, filled histogram) or mouse IgG1 isotype control, followed by anti-mouse IgG1 PE. (biolegend.com)
Immune responses1
- Understanding the transcriptional control mechanism would help to reveal how the CD1d expression is regulated in NK T cell-associated immune responses. (jimmunol.org)
R3G11
- CD1d is also known as R3G1 Some of the known ligands for CD1d are: α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a compound originally derived from the marine sponge Agelas mauritanius with no physiological role but great research utility. (wikipedia.org)
Specificity1
- The development of MHC multimer technology has provided a breakthrough in the ability to follow T cell populations defined by their antigen specificity ( 28 )( 29 ). (rupress.org)
Thymocytes2
- Curiously, tetramer-positive thymocytes do not rapidly synthesize cytokines, nor do they undergo decreases in cell number after lipid antigen stimulation, although they express equivalent TCR levels. (rupress.org)
- CD1d is a 49 kDa heavy chain associated with Beta 2 microglobulin on cortical thymocytes. (fishersci.com)
INKT-cell activation2
- Formation of larger nanoclusters occurs in the absence of interactions between CD1d cytosolic tail and the actin cytoskeleton and correlates with enhanced iNKT cell activation. (ox.ac.uk)
- We demonstrated that α-LacCer was a weak inducer for both mouse and human iNKT cell activation and cytokine production, and the iNKT induction by α-LacCer was CD1d-dependent. (frontiersin.org)
Peptide1
- In combination with a peptide antigen, α-GalCer is able to stimulate a strong immune response against the epitope. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation of CD1d expression1
- The analysis of the CD1D promoter region indicates that IFN-γ, NF-IL-6, and T cell factor 1/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 are most likely involved in the regulation of CD1d expression. (jimmunol.org)
Reactivity1
- However, NK T cell reactivity to CD1d is greatly augmented by the glycosphingolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) ( 16 ), obtained from an extract of the marine sponge Agelas mauritanius . (rupress.org)
Endosomal2
- These findings support a model in which low endosomal pH controls stability and lipid raft localization of CD1d-glycolipid complexes to regulate the outcome of iNKT cell mediated responses. (elsevier.com)
- This selection process requires the intracellular trafficking of CD1d to late endosomal and lysosomal compartments ( 14 ). (rupress.org)
Inhibits CD1d-mediated1
- Tumor ascites inhibits CD1d-mediated NKT cell activation. (aacrjournals.org)
Cluster of differentiat1
- Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD24 gene. (creativebiomart.net)
Stimulation1
- It is unclear whether the difference in CD1d expression between individuals is due to their genetic variation or an environmental stimulation or both. (jimmunol.org)
Self-antigen1
- iGb3, a self antigen which has been implied in iNKT selection. (wikipedia.org)
Activation5
- In contrast, treatment with the more selective HDACi, MC1568, resulted in an increase in CD1d-mediated NKT cell activation, but did not enhance antigen presentation by HLA-DR4. (biomedcentral.com)
- B cell activation and antibody production against foreign antigens is a central step of host defense. (mdpi.com)
- Upon activation by anti-CD3 or CD1d, the clones produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. (nih.gov)
- Ganglioside treatment alters CD1d-mediated NKT cell activation. (aacrjournals.org)
- Pretreatment with the indicated purified gangliosides altered CD1d-mediated NKT cell activation. (aacrjournals.org)
Complexes1
- In contrast with previous BIAcore-based estimates of very short half-lives for CD1d-glycolipid complexes, we found that the dissociation rate of several different CD1d-glycolipid complexes was very slow. (scripps.edu)
Type I transmembrane protein2
- CD1d is a type I transmembrane protein and member of the MHC family, with a molecular weight ranging from 43-49 kD, depending on the glycosylation degree. (biolegend.com)
- CD1d is a MHC-like, type I transmembrane protein, member of the CD1 family and the immunoglobulin superfamily. (biolegend.com)
Tumor1
- Molecular identification of tumor-associated antigens not only provided the means to activate or monitor anti-tumor immunity, but also gave insights. (ebscohost.com)
Ligands2
- Alterations in the lipid tails or other portions of CD1d-presented glycolipid ligands can bias the iNKT response towards production of predominantly Th1 or Th2 associated cytokines. (elsevier.com)
- Yuan W, Kang SJ, Evans JE, Cresswell P (2009) Natural lipid ligands associated with human CD1d targeted to different subcellular compartments. (springer.com)
Intracellular1
- Little is known about the intracellular pathways of CD1 trafficking and antigen presentation. (nih.gov)