Antigens cd1d. Medical search

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and HYDROLYSIS of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from NAD+ to ADP-RIBOSE. It is a cell surface molecule which is predominantly expressed on LYMPHOID CELLS and MYELOID CELLS.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

A membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells that binds to CD40 ANTIGENS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and induces their proliferation. Mutation of the gene for CD40 ligand is a cause of HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 1.

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Costimulatory T-LYMPHOCYTE receptors that have specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN. Activation of this receptor results in increased T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival.

Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. CD44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential hematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells.

Glycolipid-anchored membrane glycoproteins expressed on cells of the myelomonocyte lineage including monocytes, macrophages, and some granulocytes. They function as receptors for the complex of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein.

Glycoprotein members of the immunoglobulin superfamily which participate in T-cell adhesion and activation. They are expressed on most peripheral T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and thymocytes, and function as co-receptors or accessory molecules in the T-cell receptor complex.

Ratio of T-LYMPHOCYTES that express the CD4 ANTIGEN to those that express the CD8 ANTIGEN. This value is commonly assessed in the diagnosis and staging of diseases affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM including HIV INFECTIONS.

Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The 140 kDa isoform of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) containing a transmembrane domain and short cytoplasmic tail. It is expressed by all lymphocytes mediating non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity and is present on some neural tissues and tumors.

Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and normal and neoplastic transformation. Their phenotypic characterization is important in differential diagnosis and studies of thymic ontogeny and T-cell function.

A membrane-bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme generally catalyzes the hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-RIBOSE, as well, and sometimes the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose 2' phosphate (2'-P-cADPR) from NADP.

Surface antigens expressed on myeloid cells of the granulocyte-monocyte-histiocyte series during differentiation. Analysis of their reactivity in normal and malignant myelomonocytic cells is useful in identifying and classifying human leukemias and lymphomas.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Tetraspanin proteins found at high levels in cells of the lymphoid-myeloid lineage. CD53 antigens may be involved regulating the differentiation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and the activation of B-LYMPHOCYTES.

A cell adhesion protein that was originally identified as a heat stable antigen in mice. It is involved in METASTASIS and is highly expressed in many NEOPLASMS.

Zinc-binding metalloproteases that are members of the type II integral membrane metalloproteases. They are expressed by GRANULOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and their precursors as well as by various non-hematopoietic cells. They release an N-terminal amino acid from a peptide, amide or arylamide.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Membrane antigens associated with maturation stages of B-lymphocytes, often expressed in tumors of B-cell origin.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

A 67-kDa sialic acid binding lectin that is specific for MYELOID CELLS and MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE PRECURSOR CELLS. This protein is the smallest siglec subtype and contains a single immunoglobulin C2-set domain. It may play a role in intracellular signaling via its interaction with SHP-1 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE and SHP-2 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the CD11 family of leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION). A defect in the gene encoding CD18 causes LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may play a role in the regulation of NF-KAPPA B and APOPTOSIS. They are found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; MAST CELLS and NK CELLS. Overexpression of CD30 antigen in hematopoietic malignancies make the antigen clinically useful as a biological tumor marker. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A subtype of tetraspanin proteins that play a role in cell adhesion, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. CD9 antigens take part in the process of platelet activation and aggregation, the formation of paranodal junctions in neuronal tissue, and the fusion of sperm with egg.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A sialic acid-rich protein and an integral cell membrane mucin. It plays an important role in activation of T-LYMPHOCYTES.

Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Small glycoproteins found on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD59 restricts the cytolytic activity of homologous complement by binding to C8 and C9 and blocking the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (From Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p234)

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on NK cells and T-cells. Their role in the immune response is poorly understood.

A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds to CD27 ANTIGEN. It is found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in stimulating the proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES.

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.

Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. CD58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2; (ANTIGENS, CD2); and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

A ubiquitously expressed membrane glycoprotein. It interacts with a variety of INTEGRINS and mediates responses to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

A CD antigen that contains a conserved I domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined with CD18 the two subunits form MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

An integrin alpha subunit of approximately 150-kDa molecular weight. It is expressed at high levels on monocytes and combines with CD18 ANTIGEN to form the cell surface receptor INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2. The subunit contains a conserved I-domain which is characteristic of several of alpha integrins.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Tetraspanin proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular functions including BASEMENT MEMBRANE assembly, and in the formation of a molecular complexes on the surface of LYMPHOCYTES.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is specific for 4-1BB LIGAND. It is found in a variety of immune cell types including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and DENDRITIC CELLS. Activation of the receptor on T-LYMPHOCYTES plays a role in their expansion, production of cytokines and survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Receptors present on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTES that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-2 and play an important role in LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION. They are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Ubiquitously-expressed tetraspanin proteins that are found in late ENDOSOMES and LYSOSOMES and have been implicated in intracellular transport of proteins.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Tetraspanin proteins found associated with LAMININ-binding INTEGRINS. The CD151 antigens may play a role in the regulation of CELL MOTILITY.

A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain transport to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. It is expressed almost exclusively in B-LYMPHOCYTES and serves as a useful marker for B-cell NEOPLASMS.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds specifically to CD30 ANTIGEN. It may play a role in INFLAMMATION and immune regulation.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.

A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

An alpha-integrin subunit found on lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages and monocytes. It combines with the integrin beta2 subunit (CD18 ANTIGEN) to form LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.

A widely distributed cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein that stimulates the synthesis of MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES. It is found at high levels on the surface of malignant NEOPLASMS and may play a role as a mediator of malignant cell behavior.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.

An inhibitory T CELL receptor that is closely related to CD28 ANTIGEN. It has specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

A widely expressed transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a METASTASIS suppressor protein. It is underexpressed in a variety of human NEOPLASMS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis.

A cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and is involved in INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS.

Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reacting antigens found in phylogenetically unrelated species.

CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.

Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. The initial characterization of this protein revealed one identifiable heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) and an indeterminate smaller light chain. It is now known that a variety of light chain subunits (ANTIGENS, CD98 LIGHT CHAINS) can dimerize with the heavy chain. Depending upon its light chain composition a diverse array of functions can be found for this protein. Functions include: type L amino acid transport, type y+L amino acid transport and regulation of cellular fusion.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An inhibitory B7 antigen that has specificity for the T-CELL receptor PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 PROTEIN. CD274 antigen provides negative signals that control and inhibit T-cell responses and is found at higher than normal levels on tumor cells, suggesting its potential role in TUMOR IMMUNE EVASION.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).

Biochemical characterization of CD1d expression in the absence of beta2-microglobulin. (1/609)

CD1d is a major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule that exhibits a distinct antigen processing pathway that functions in the presentation of hydrophobic antigens to T cells. CD1d has been previously shown to be expressed on the cell surface of human intestinal epithelial cell lines in vivo and a transfected cell line in vitro independently of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m). To define the relationship between CD1d and beta2m and characterize the biochemical structure of CD1d in the absence of beta2m, we have used a newly generated series of CD1d transfectants and CD1d-specific antibodies. These studies show that in the absence of beta2m, CD1d is expressed on the cell surface as a 45-kDa glycoprotein that is sensitive to endoglycosidase-H and is reduced to 37-kDa after N-glycanase digestion. In contrast, in the presence of beta2m, CD1d is expressed on the cell surface as a 48-kDa endoglycosidase-H-resistant glycoprotein. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling studies demonstrate that acquisition of endoglycosidase-H resistance of CD1d is observed in the presence of beta2m but not in the absence of beta2m even after a 24-h chase period. Thus, CD1d is able to be transported to the cell surface independently of beta2m; however, in the absence of beta2m, the glycosylation pattern of CD1d is altered and consistent with an immature glycoprotein. (+info)

Juvenile hemochromatosis locus maps to chromosome 1q. (2/609)

Juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to severe iron loading in the 2d to 3d decade of life. Affected members in families with JH do not show linkage to chromosome 6p and do not have mutations in the HFE gene that lead to the common hereditary hemochromatosis. In this study we performed a genomewide search to map the JH locus in nine families: six consanguineous and three with multiple affected patients. This strategy allowed us to identify the JH locus on the long arm of chromosome 1. A maximum LOD score of 5.75 at a recombination fraction of 0 was detected with marker D1S498, and a LOD score of 5. 16 at a recombination fraction of 0 was detected for marker D1S2344. Homozygosity mapping in consanguineous families defined the limits of the candidate region in an approximately 4-cM interval between markers D1S442 and D1S2347. Analysis of genes mapped in this interval excluded obvious candidates. The JH locus does not correspond to the chromosomal localization of any known gene involved in iron metabolism. These findings provide a means to recognize, at an early age, patients in affected families. They also provide a starting point for the identification of the affected gene by positional cloning. (+info)

Immunolocalization of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells and identification of a beta2-microglobulin-associated form. (3/609)

In order to better understand the role of intestinal CD1d, we sought to define the cellular localization and further characterize the biochemical structure of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Using a CD1d-specific rabbit anti-gst-CD1d antibody, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled cell surface proteins detected a previously identified 37 kDa protein as well as a 48-50 kDa protein which were confirmed by Western blotting with a CD1d-specific mAb, D5. Immunoprecipitation of protein lysates with the CD1d-specific mAb, D5 and 51.1.3, and the beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-specific mAb, BBM.1, followed by N-glycanase digestion and Western blotting with the D5 mAb showed that the 48-50 kDa protein was a beta2m-associated, CD1d glycoprotein. CD1d was immunolocalized to the apical and lateral regions of native small and large intestinal IEC as defined by confocal laser microscopy using the D5 mAb and the rabbit anti-gst-CD1d antibody. In addition, a large apical intracellular pool of CD1d was identified. Identical observations were made with polarized T84 cells. Selective biotin labeling of apical and basolateral cell surfaces followed by immunoprecipitation with the D5 mAb, N-glycanase digestion and avidin blotting confirmed the presence of glycosylated CD1d on both cell surfaces and immunolocalization of the 37 kDa non-glycosylated form of CD1d to the apical cell surface. These studies show that CD1d is located in an ideal position for luminal antigen sampling and presentation to subjacent intraepithelial lymphocytes. (+info)

Tissue-specific segregation of CD1d-dependent and CD1d-independent NK T cells. (4/609)

NKT cells, defined as T cells expressing the NK cell marker NK1.1, are involved in tumor rejection and regulation of autoimmunity via the production of cytokines. We show in this study that two types of NKT cells can be defined on the basis of their reactivity to the monomorphic MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. One type of NKT cell is positively selected by CD1d and expresses a biased TCR repertoire together with a phenotype found on activated T cells. A second type of NKT cell, in contrast, develops in the absence of CD1d, and expresses a diverse TCR repertoire and a phenotype found on naive T cells and NK cells. Importantly, the two types of NKT cells segregate in distinct tissues. Whereas thymus and liver contain primarily CD1d-dependent NKT cells, spleen and bone marrow are enriched in CD1d-independent NKT cells. Collectively, our data suggest that recognition of tissue-specific ligands by the TCR controls localization and activation of NKT cells. (+info)

A novel recognition motif of human NKT antigen receptor for a glycolipid ligand. (5/609)

Murine NKT cells can recognize alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) in the context of a class Ib CD1d molecule. Here we show that alpha-GalCer can selectively activate freshly isolated human Valpha24(+)Vbeta11(+) cells, functionally defining the human NKT cells. The naive human NKT cell repertoire consisted of cells expressing an invariant Valpha24JalphaQ chain and a diverse array of beta chains derived from a single Vbeta11 gene segment. Stimulation with alpha-GalCer expanded a polyclonal subset of the human NKT cell repertoire carrying a novel complementarity-determining region (CDR) 3beta consensus motif that may directly interact with the sugar moiety of alpha-GalCer. Our data suggest that certain redundancy is allowed for CDR3beta of NKT antigen receptor to interact with the ligand and provide a first clue to understand the novel protein-carbohydrate interaction mechanisms. (+info)

Susceptibility of mice deficient in CD1D or TAP1 to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (6/609)

Cellular immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis controls infection in the majority of infected humans. Studies in mice have delineated an important role for CD4(+) T cells and cytokines including interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the response to infection with mycobacteria. Recently, the identification of CD8(+) CD1-restricted T cells that kill M. tuberculosis organisms via granulysin and the rapid death after infection of beta2 microglobulin deficient mice in humans has drawn attention to a critical role for CD8(+) T cells. The nature of mycobacterial-specific CD8(+) T cells has been an enigma because few have been identified in any species. Here, we delineate the contribution of class I MHC-restricted T cells in the defense against tuberculosis as transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)1-deficient mice died rapidly, bore a greater bacterial burden, and had more severe tissue pathology than control mice. In contrast, CD1D-/- mice were not significantly different in their susceptibility to infection than control mice. This data demonstrates a critical role for TAP-dependent peptide antigen presentation and provides further evidence that class I MHC-restricted CD8(+) T cells, the major T cell subset activated by this antigen processing pathway, play an essential role in immunity to tuberculosis. (+info)

Cutting edge: activation of NK T cells by CD1d and alpha-galactosylceramide directs conventional T cells to the acquisition of a Th2 phenotype. (7/609)

NK T cells recognize glycolipid Ags such as alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) presented by the MHC class I-like molecule CD1d. In this paper we have studied the in vivo effects of alpha-GalCer on the generation of adaptive immune responses. Treatment of mice with alpha-GalCer resulted in rapid activation of NK T cells and production of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-gamma. However, after this initial stimulation, NK T cells became polarized for the production of IL-4. Further, as soon as 6 days after alpha-GalCer injection, a marked increase in serum IgE levels was observed. Administration of alpha-GalCer at the time of priming of mice with protein Ag resulted in the generation of Ag-specific Th2 cells and a profound increase in the production of IgE. Collectively, these findings indicate that alpha-GalCer may be useful for modulating immune responses toward a Th2 phenotype during prophylaxis and therapy. (+info)

Differential responses of invariant V alpha 24J alpha Q T cells and MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells to dexamethasone. (8/609)

NK T cells are a T cell subset in the human that express an invariant alpha-chain (V alpha 24invt T cells). Because of the well-described immunomodulation by glucocorticoids on activation-induced cell death (AICD), the effects of dexamethasone and anti-CD3 stimulation on V alpha 24invt T cell clones and CD4+ T cell clones were investigated. Dexamethasone significantly enhanced anti-CD3-mediated proliferation of V alpha 24invt T cells, whereas CD4+ T cells were inhibited. Addition of neutralizing IL-2 Ab partially abrogated dexamethasone-induced potentiation of V alpha 24invt T cell proliferation, indicating a role for autocrine IL-2 production in corticosteroid-mediated proliferative augmentation. Dexamethasone treatment of anti-CD3-stimulated V alpha 24invt T cells did not synergize with anti-Fas blockade in enhancing proliferation or preventing AICD. The V alpha 24invt T cell response to dexamethasone was dependent on the TCR signal strength. In the presence of dexamethasone, lower doses of anti-CD3 inhibited proliferation of V alpha 24invt T cells and CD4+ T cells; at higher doses of anti-CD3, which caused inhibition of CD4+ T cells, the V alpha 24invt T cell clones proliferated and were rescued from AICD. These results demonstrate significant differences in TCR signal strength required between V alpha 24invt T cells and CD4+ cells, and suggest important immunomodulatory consequences for endogenous and exogenous corticosteroids in immune responses. (+info)

... is the only member of the group 2 CD1 molecules. CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate a special class of T cells, known ... CD1d+antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD1A genome location and CD1A gene ... CD1d is also known as R3G1 Some of the known ligands for CD1d are: α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a compound originally ... CD1D is the human gene that encodes the protein CD1d, a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) family of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1D

"Glycolipid antigen processing for presentation by CD1d molecules". Science. 291 (5504): 664-667. doi:10.1126/science.291.5504. ... which is the MHC class I molecule that presents lipid antigens. He has led the field in defining microbial antigens from ... Kronenberg's work had a major impact in defining how glycolipid antigens are taken into cells and processed in lysosomes and ... the Thymus Leukemia antigen. His work has determined how the balance of regulatory versus pro-inflammatory responses occurs, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Kronenberg

... and a model CD1d antigen. The invariant T cell receptor of the iNKT cell is able to bind the CD1d:glycolipid complex leading to ... In combination with a peptide antigen, α-GalCer is able to stimulate a strong immune response against the epitope. The CD1d: ... Godfrey, Dale I.; Kronenberg, Mitchell (2004-11-15). "Going both ways: Immune regulation via CD1d-dependent NKT cells". Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Galactosylceramide

... a, CD1b and CD1c (group 1 CD1 molecules) are expressed on cells specialized for antigen presentation. CD1d (group 2 CD1) is ... CD1+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Mouse CD Antigen Chart Human CD Antigen ... Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are activated by CD1d-presented antigens, and rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines, typically ... Thus, mice have been used extensively to characterize the role of CD1d and CD1d-dependent NKT cells in a variety of disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1

iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like antigen ... Many of these cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self and foreign ... recognize lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules, a member of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules, ... NKT cells recognize protected microbial lipid agents which are presented by CD1d-expressing antigen presenting cells. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_killer_T_cell

Both foreign and endogenous lipid antigens activate these cells. The TCR usually recognizes the hydrophilic part of the antigen ... Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a similar population with affinity to CD1d (the only group 2 CD1 molecule). Both groups ... Small hydrophobic antigens lacking a polar part have also been shown to activate CD1a-restricted T cells, indicating that in ... Most of these antigens are bound to CD1b. Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells are activated after Mycobacterium infection and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_1_CD1-restricted_T_cells

Thus, type II NKT cells seem to recognize diverse antigens presented by CD1d and given that these cells seem to be more ... phospholipid antigen lysophosphatidylcholine and some other phospholipid, and lysophospholipid antigens, including ... CD1d-restricted NKT cells are divided into 2 groups. Type I NKT cells are also called 'invariant NKT cells' or 'iNKT cells', ... CD1d-restricted NKT cells contribute to host defence by influencing the function of macrophages, dentritic cells, B cells and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd1-restricted_T_cell

Alkyl components of antigens are attached in the hydrophobic groove and a hydrophilic part stands out from the CD1b molecule ... The human CD1 locus is found on chromosome 1 and contains five nonpolymorphic genes (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d and CD1e). CD1b ... CD1b molecule has the largest antigen-binding cleft within the CD1 family. Whereas the microbial lipids tend to have longer ... Compared to other CD1 molecules this unique arrangement of CD1b provides the possibility of binding a wide spectrum of antigens ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1b

It has been identified as a CD1d- presented self-antigen for an innate type of immune cells termed as Natural Killer T (NKT) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoglobotriosylceramide

CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c subtypes present lipid antigens to T cells, while CD1d cells present lipids, glycolipids, and lipoproteins ... However, when CD1d deficient-mice are tested for their response to sulfatide, the same response is not seen, which indicates ... There are two types of cell subtypes that interact with CD1d cells: Type 1 Natural killer T cells and Type 2 Natural killer T ... Type 2 Natural killer T cells are able to recognize sulfatide/ CD1d tetramers, and as a result, they are activated by different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfatide

NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d. Once activated, these cells can perform functions ascribed to both ... Antigen-naive T cells expand and differentiate into memory and effector T cells after they encounter their cognate antigen ... T cell exhaustion can be triggered by several factors like persistent antigen exposure and lack of CD4 T cell help. Antigen ... These self-antigens are expressed by thymic cortical epithelial cells on MHC molecules, which reside on the surface of cortical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell

The length of lipids bound to human CD1d molecules modulates the affinity of NKT cell TCR and the threshold of NKT cell ... Presentation of viral antigen controlled by a gene in the major histocompatibility complex. Nature 345:449-452. Moins- ... NKT cells enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to soluble antigen in vivo through direct interaction with dendritic cells. J ... The crystal structure of human CD1d with and without alpha-galactosylceramide. Nature Immunol 6:819-826. McCarthy, C., D. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo_Cerundolo

Cancer Testis Antigen CD1d Dextramer - These MHC Dextramers are flow cytometry reagents for the identification and sorting of ... The CD1d/α-GalCer displays human CD1d molecules loaded with α-GalCer. Though Immudex specializes in MHC Dextramer technology, ... The use of MHC Dextramers offers a new method to accurately detect and quantify antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. While some of ... The process of negative selection in the thymus guarantees that virtually all T cells have very weak affinity for self-antigens ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immudex

CD1d being the MHC I-like lipid antigen presenting molecule. Apolipoprotein B can exist in two forms: B-100 and B-48. ... "A distal effect of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein deficiency on the lysosomal recycling of CD1d". The Journal of ... MTTP is also involved in the late stage of CD1d trafficking in the lysosomal compartment, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitellogenin

2001). "Antigen-specific modulation of an immune response by in vivo administration of soluble MHC class I tetramers". J. ... Multimers may be used to display class 1 MHC, class 2 MHC, or nonclassical molecules (e.g. CD1d) from species such as monkeys, ... MHC pentamers have been used in the detection of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in flow cytometry, and are cited in over 750 ... MHC multimers allow for ex vivo selection and proliferation of T-cells specific to viral or tumor-related antigens, which can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHC_multimer

Normal body cells are not recognized and attacked by NK cells because they express intact self MHC antigens. Those MHC antigens ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant T cell receptors (TCRs), such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T ... Dendritic cells are very important in the process of antigen presentation, and serve as a link between the innate and adaptive ... by specialized white blood cells activate the adaptive immune system through antigen presentation act as a physical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

The antigens recognized by non-Vδ2 T cells expanded in the above infectious contexts have not been characterized, but the fact ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T cells, gamma delta ... γδ T cells are believed to have a prominent role in recognition of lipid antigens. They are of an invariant nature and may be ... It is still not clear whether these non-peptidic antigens bind directly to the Vγ9/Vδ2 TCR or if a presenting element exists. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_delta_T_cell

Exogenous antigens are usually displayed on MHC class II molecules, which activate CD4+T helper cells. Endogenous antigens are ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells, γδ T cells ... A critical difference between B cells and T cells is how each cell "sees" an antigen. T cells recognize their cognate antigen ... The host's cells express "self" antigens. These antigens are different from those on the surface of bacteria or on the surface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_immune_system

... antigen without any need for antigen processing. Such antigens may be large molecules found on the surfaces of pathogens, but ... Like other 'unconventional' T cell subsets bearing invariant TCRs, such as CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells, γδ T cells ... antigens during a process called antigen presentation. Antigen specificity allows for the generation of responses that are ... Tumor antigens are presented on MHC class I molecules in a similar way to viral antigens. This allows killer T cells to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

MZ B cells shuttle between the blood-filled marginal zone for antigen collection and the follicle for antigen delivery to ... MZ B cells characteristically express high levels of CD1d, which is an MHC class I-like molecule involved in the presentation ... MZ B cells respond to a wide spectrum of T-independent, but also T-dependent antigens. It is believed that MZ B cells are ... Moreover, MZ B cells are potent antigen-presenting cells, that are able to activate CD4+ T cells more effectively than FO B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_zone_B-cell

... histocompatibility antigen, class I, G, also known as human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), is a protein that in humans is ... Sköld M, Behar SM (October 2003). "Role of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in microbial immunity". Infection and Immunity. 71 (10): ... "Entrez Gene: HLA-G HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G". Attia JV, Dessens CE, van de Water R, Houvast RD, Kuppen PJ, ... McIntire RH, Hunt JS (April 2005). "Antigen presenting cells and HLA-G--a review". Placenta. 26 (Suppl A): S104-S109. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA-G

AZGP1; B2M; CD1A; CD1B; CD1C; CD1D; CD1E; DMA; DQB2; DRB1; ELK2P1; FCGRT; HFE; HHLA2; HLA-A; HLA-B; HLA-B35; HLA-B57; HLA-C; ... Cresswell P, Pamer E (1998). "Mechanisms of MHC class I--restricted antigen processing". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16 (1): 323-358. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_C1-set_domain

Ho, Ling-Pei (2004). The role of CD1d restricted NKT cells in the immunopathology of sarcoidosis (Thesis). Thesis DPhil-- ... "Nixon, Douglas". Makgoba, M. W. (1983). Studies on the polymorphism of HLA class II antigens (Thesis). Thesis DPhil--University ... Bowness, Paul (1993). Recognition of antigen and superantigen by cytotoxic lymphocytes (Thesis). Thesis DPhil--University of ... "Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes". Science. 274 (5284): 94-96. Bibcode:1996Sci...274...94A. doi:10.1126/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_McMichael

... but calreticulin is not a Ro/SS-A antigen. Earlier papers referred to calreticulin as an Ro/SS-A antigen, but this was later ... Zhu Y, Zhang W, Veerapen N, Besra G, Cresswell P (Dec 2010). "Calreticulin controls the rate of assembly of CD1d molecules in ... This association prepares the MHC class I for binding an antigen for presentation on the cell surface. Calreticulin is also ... "A human Ro/SS-A autoantigen is the homologue of calreticulin and is highly homologous with onchocercal RAL-1 antigen and an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calreticulin

Mouse Bregs were mainly CD5 and CD1d positive in model of EAE or after exposition of Leishmania major. By contrast mouse Bregs ... "IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10-producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_B_cell

Reduction of CD3 or CD1d may lead to dysfunction of T cells by deletion of ABCA7. On the other hand, transfected and expressed ... tandem linkage with the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 278 ( ... January 2017). "ATP Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA7 Regulates NKT Cell Development and Function by Controlling CD1d ... January 2017). "ATP Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA7 Regulates NKT Cell Development and Function by Controlling CD1d ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCA7

Crystal structure of bovine CD1d with bound C12-di-sulfatide ... CD1D antigen, d polypeptide: A. Beta-2-microglobulin: B. SMTL: ... Crystal structure of bovine CD1d with bound C12-di-sulfatide Coordinates. PDB Format Method. X-RAY DIFFRACTION 2.86 Å. Oligo ... Wang, J. et al., Crystal Structures of Bovine CD1d Reveal Altered αGalCer Presentation and a Restricted A Pocket Unable to ...

https://swissmodel.expasy.org/templates/4f7c.2

Structural analogues of α-GalCer have been synthesised to determine which components are required for CD1d pr … ... binds to CD1d and exhibits potent activity as a ligand for invariant CD1d-restricted natural killer-like T cells (iNKT cells). ... Antigen-Presenting Cells / drug effects * Antigen-Presenting Cells / immunology * Antigen-Presenting Cells / metabolism ... binds to CD1d and exhibits potent activity as a ligand for invariant CD1d-restricted natural killer-like T cells (iNKT cells). ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22639457/

T cells follow specific selection rules and are poised to recognize self or evolutionarily conserved microbial antigens. We ... Human and mouse type I natural killer T cell antigen receptors exhibit different fine specificities for CD1d-antigen complex. J ... CD1d-lipid-antigen recognition by the semi-invariant NKT T-cell receptor. Nature 448, 44-49 (2007). This paper provides the ... Recognition of CD1d-sulfatide mediated by a type II natural killer T cell antigen receptor. Nat. Immunol. 13, 857-863 (2012). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03578-0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d07658d5-d055-43f5-87f7-8bbc169e4845

Antigen-presenting cells present antigen to the NKT cells via the major histocompatibility complex-like molecule CD1d. NKT ... Analysis of the secreted cytokine profile and of binding of alpha-galactosylceramide-loaded CD1d to NKT cells suggests that CD4 ... The evidence for an autoimmune etiology includes pathological findings of infiltrating T cells, the presence of antigen- ... antibody complexes in affected cartilage, cellular and humoral responses against collagen type II and other collagen antigens, ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/331475-167229/when-was-relapsing-polychondritis-rp-first-identified

CD1d-mediated antigen presentation to natural killer T (NKT) cells. Crit Rev Immunol. 2003;23(5-6):403-419. ... NKT cells agonists presented by CD1d-expressing B-cells to NKT cells have been shown to induce NKT-cell anergy in mice.41 In ... GSLs from S. paucimobilis are CD1d-specific ligands for type I NKT cells.16 The combination of glycosphingosomes and Lip-Dox ... Gycolipid antigen induces long term natural killer T cell anergy in mice. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(9):2572-2583. ...

https://www.dovepress.com/combination-of-glycosphingosomes-and-liposomal-doxorubicin-shows-incre-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN

ACTIVATION-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF CD1D ANTIGEN ON MATURE T CELLS. JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY; Lugar: Bethesda, MD; Año: 2001 ... The Tn antigen promotes lung tumor growth by fostering immunosuppression and angiogenesis via interaction with Macrophage ... Prognostic Value of the Interaction between Galectin-3 and Antigen Carbohydrate 125 in Acute Heart Failure ... TISSUE ANTIGENS; Lugar: Victoria, Australia; Año: 2004 vol. 64 p. 1 - 12 ...

https://www.conicet.gov.ar/new_scp/detalle.php?keywords=&id=22516&articulos=yes

Given that iNKT-based immunotherapies are dependent mainly on antigen-presenting cells (APC), a human tolerogenic molecule with ... such as Human Leucocyte Antigen G (HLA-G), could contribute to this discrepancy. HLA-G is a well-known immune checkpoint ... no murine homolog, such as Human Leucocyte Antigen G (HLA-G), could contribute to this discrepancy. HLA-G is a well-known ... dependent mainly on antigen-presenting cells (APC), a human tolerogenic molecule with no murine homologue, ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.608614/full

CD1d-restricted immunoglobulin G formation to GPI-anchored antigens mediated by NKT cells. Science. 1999 Jan 08; 283(5399):225- ... Identification of sVSG117 as an immunodiagnostic antigen and evaluation of a dual-antigen lateral flow test for the diagnosis ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Variant%20Surface%20Glycoproteins,%20Trypanosoma

Editing of CD1d-bound lipid antigens by endosomal lipid transfer proteins. Science, 303, 523-527. ...

https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67521/

Studying the evolution of mammalian CD1d presentation of lipid antigen to NK-T Cells. Currently Ph.D. Student in Genetics, ... Phylogeny of chimeric antigen receptors. B.S. Microbiology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins CO. M.B.A. Colorado State ... Studying the immunogenetic plasticity of shark and cow lymphocyte antigen receptors. B.S. Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M ...

https://vetmed.tamu.edu/comparative-immunogenetics-lab/team/alumni/

Chimeric antigen receptor anti-CD19 (CAR19)-T cell immunotherapy-induced clinical remissions in CD19+ B cell lymphomas are ... CD1D transcriptional de-repression by all-trans retinoic acid results in further enhanced cytotoxicity of CAR19-iNKT cells ... Chaudhry MS, Karadimitris A, 2014, Role and Regulation of CD1d in Normal and Pathological B Cells, JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Vol: ... CAR19-iNKT cells co-operatively activated by CD1d- and CAR19-CD19-dependent interactions are more effective than CAR19-T cells ...

https://www.imperial.ac.uk/people/a.karadimitris/publications.html

CD1d expression is prerequisite for antigen-specific iNKT-cell activation (86). This molecule resembles those in the class-I ... Distinct subsets of CD1d-restricted T cells recognize self-antigens loaded in different cellular compartments. J Exp Med 1999; ... The affinity of iNKT TCR for CD1d-bound antigens is not always enough to predict cytokine response types (Th1 or Th2). ... Several lipidic or glycolipidic antigens have been identified, which may be presented by CD1d and activate iNKT cells. KRN7000 ...

https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-01082014000500006

Since both HC and EC express CD1d on the cell surface (Figure 3A), both cell sets are able to present antigen to iNKT cells. We ... On the other hand, free αGalCer is taken up by CD1d-positive cells, with these cells presenting CD1d-αGalCer complex to iNKT ... may play a role in antigen presentation to iNKT cells; however, how other CD1d-positive cells participate in this reaction is ... CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated activation od Vα14 NKT cells by glycosylceramides. Science 278: 1626-1629, 1997. ...

https://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/36/7/3667

One possible explanation for this second wave of expansion is the priming of CD4+ T cells by antigen-specific B cells, but ... Innate T cells, including CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, are characterized by their rapid activation ... In SARS-1 survivors, antigen-specific memory T cells were detected up to 11 years after the initial infection, when viral- ... It was previously shown that TCRs recognising the same antigens frequently have highly similar TCR sequences (Dash et al., 2017 ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/63502

... interactions of T cells and antigen-presenting cells can also be blocked by the MR1 antibody. ,/span>,span style=font-style: ... interactions of T cells and antigen-presenting cells can also be blocked by the MR1 antibody. ,/span>,span style=font-style: ... and disrupts antigen-specific T-cell responses.,/span> ... and disrupts antigen-specific T-cell responses.,/span> ... CD154 plays an important role in costimulatory interactions between T and B lymphocytes and between antigen-presenting cells ...

https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-in/products/reagents/flow-cytometry-reagents/research-reagents/single-color-antibodies-ruo/purified-na-le-hamster-anti-mouse-cd154.553655

Activation of invariant CD1d-dependent NKT cells (iNKT cells) in vivo through administration of the glycolipid ligand α- ... This process enhances T cell immunity to antigens presented by the DC. The adjuvant activity is further amplified if APCs are ... Activation of invariant CD1d-dependent NKT cells (iNKT cells) in vivo through administration of the glycolipid ligand α- ... "Utilizing the Adjuvant Properties of CD1d-Dependent NK T Cells in T Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ...

https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4f7b4b86-6f8c-4012-b892-991496eab57b

Murine CD1d-restricted T cell recognition of cellular lipids. Jenny E. Gumperz, Christopher Roy, Anna Makowska, Deirdre Lum, ... Dive into the research topics of Murine CD1d-restricted T cell recognition of cellular lipids. Together they form a unique ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/murine-cd1d-restricted-t-cell-recognition-of-cellular-lipids-4/fingerprints/

Structure of the self-antigen iGb3 bound to mouse CD1d and in complex with the iNKT TCR. ... Structure of New Antigen Receptor variable domain from sharks. 1ves. Structure of New Antigen Receptor variable domain from ... Structure of new antigen receptor variable domain from sharks. 2ywz. Structure of new antigen receptor variable domain from ... Structure of the mouse CD1d-4ClPhC-alpha-GalCer-iNKT TCR complex. 4irs. Structure of the mouse CD1d-PyrC-alpha-GalCer-iNKT TCR ...

https://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=IG&START=1568&END=1656&E_VALUE=1.63e-3&TYPE=SMART&BLAST=LKNVNIKEGSRLEMKVRATGNPNPDIVWLKNSDIIVPHKYPRIRIEGTRGEAALKIDSIISQDSAWYTATAINKAGRDTTRCKVNVEVE

Antigen, CD1d. CD1d Antigen. CD1d Antigens. Cd1d Molecule. Tree number(s):. D23.050.301.264.035.100.500. D23.050.301.264. ... 2009; CD1D ANTIGEN (now ANTIGENS, CD1D) was indexed under ANTIGENS CD1 1999-2008. ... Antigens, CD1d Entry term(s). Antigen, CD1d CD1d Antigen CD1d Antigens Cd1d Molecule ... Antigens, CD1d - Preferred Concept UI. M0518843. Scope note. A major histocompatibility complex class I-like protein that ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=53204

CD1d Restriction. Unlike classical T cells, NKT cells are activated by CD1d and not MHCs. While classical T cells recognize MHC ... NKT cells will reciprocally activate its antigen presenting cell upon lipid/glycolipid presentation. Once mature, NKT cells ...

https://www.biolegend.com/en-ie/natural-killer-t-cells

The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. ... Antigen-presenting protein that binds self and non-self glycolipids and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural killer T- ... Download Data for CD1D. data still loading.... Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene ... Antigen-presenting protein that binds self and non-self glycolipids and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural killer T- ...

https://pharos.nih.gov/targets/P15813

CD1d. int. Tim1. int. plasma cells expressing the transcription factor Blimp1 (also known as Prdm1). During EAE, CD138. +. ... as well as an increased function of B cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). During Salmonella infection, IL-35- and IL-10- ...

http://www.natureasia.com/ko-kr/nature/toc/507/7492

Antigens, CD1d.immunology. CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes.immunology. Glycolipids.immunology. HEK293 Cells. Humans. Mice. Mice, ... These data provide new insight into glycolipid antigen recognition by the immune system and indicate the existence of a ... Using model carbohydrate systems (isogloboside 3 and B blood group antigen), we examined the anti-carbohydrate response on ... these antibody responses were CD1d and NKT cell independent. They also did not require peptide help. ...

https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/11197

Distinct subsets of CD1d-restricted T cells recognize self-antigens loaded in different cellular compartments. Chiu, Y. H., ...

https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/?indexableKeyword=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fsustainabledevelopmentgoals%2Fclimate_action&format=&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=true&page=1596

Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) restricted by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d were likewise required for the inducible ...

https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/inflammationinduced-formation-of-fatassociated-lymphoid-clusters

19.Faveeuw C,Angeli V, Fontaine J,Maliszewski C,Capron A,Van Kaer L,Moser M,Capron M,Trottein F.Antigen presentation by CD1d ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis -Bird antigens -Actinomycetes Table 4: Pathologic Findings and Supportive Diagnostic Tests for ... Galactomannin (Aspergillus antigen). Bartonella sp.. Necrotizing liver granulomas. Serologies, Blood cultures held for 4 weeks ... Serologies, Urine antigen. Brucella sp.. Liver, spleen granulomas with central necrosis, peripheral fibrosis, bacilli. ...

http://www.antimicrobe.org/e37.asp

Antígenos CD1d. Antigens, CD1d. Antígenos CD1d. Antígenos Embrionários Estágio-Específicos. Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens. ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/new_2009.htm

Adipocytes could act as antigen presenting cells via. expression of key molecules for antigen presentation in obese adipose ... In addition, adipocytes could modulate the function and activation of iNKT cells via high expression of CD1d molecules in ... Model of adipocytes as antigen presenting cells. ...

https://www.molcells.org/journal/list.html?pn=related&mid=4327

We also report that schistosome egg-sensitized dendritic cells (DCs) activate, in a CD1d-dependent manner, iNKT cells to ... Finally, we propose that self, rather than parasite-derived, CD1d-restricted ligands are implicated in iNKT cell stimulation. ... Mouse CD1d-restricted NKT cells, including invariant (i)NKT cells, are innate cells activated by glycolipid Ags and play ... Animals, Antigens, CD1, Antigens, CD1d, Cells, Cultured, Dendritic Cells, Female, Killer Cells, Natural, Ligands, Lymphocyte ...

https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/976456

Here we uncover a function for the antigen presenting molecule CD1d in the control of lipid metabolism. We show that CD1d- ... Imunidade Inata , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Antígenos CD1d/genética , Antígenos CD1d/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , ... Mechanistically, CD1d modulates lipid import by controlling the internalization of the lipid transporter CD36, while blocking ... Thus, our data reveal CD1d as a key regulator of an inflammatory-metabolic circuit in macrophages, independent of its function ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/?lang=pt&q=au:John,+Susan

Given that iNKT-based immunotherapies are dependent mainly on antigen-presenting cells (APC), a human tolerogenic molecule with no murine homolog, such as Human Leucocyte Antigen G (HLA-G), could contribute to this discrepancy. (frontiersin.org)
CD1d is a MHC-class-I-like molecule that mediates the presentation of lipid or glycolipid antigens to T cells. (frontiersin.org)
These iNKT cells have an invariant TCR and recognize the glycolipidic structures presented by the CD1d molecule, a homolog of class-I MHC molecules. (isciii.es)
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are characterized by the expression of an invariant T cell receptor α chain encoded by Vα14Jα18 in mice and Vα24Jα18 in humans and recognize numerous endogenous and exogenous glycolipids presented by the major histocompatibility complex class I-like CD1d molecule ( 1 , 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
Natural killer T cells (NKT cells) restricted by the antigen-presenting molecule CD1d were likewise required for the inducible formation of FALCs. (lancs.ac.uk)
Of these molecules CD1d has been the subject of much interest over the past 10 years following the discovery that this molecule presents antigens to a group of T cells known as invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT). (ox.ac.uk)
In addition to a compound known as an antigen which is specific to the tumor and reacts with a T-cell receptor when presented by dendritic cells (DCs), it also requires a co-stimulatory molecule that tumors appear to lack. (asiaresearchnews.com)
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of T cells that recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the CD1d molecule. (cnrs.fr)
But CD1d is the only CD1 molecule has been found in mouse. (biolegend.com)
His work focuses on many connections between Antibody and other disciplines, such as Cell adhesion molecule, that overlap with his field of interest in Mucin, Carcinoembryonic antigen, Function and Internal medicine. (research.com)

Here we determined that species-specific glycolipid activity was due to a lack of recognition of the analogues by the T-cell receptors on human iNKT cells rather than insufficient presentation of the analogues on human CD1d molecules. (nih.gov)
Activation of invariant CD1d-dependent NKT cells (iNKT cells) in vivo through administration of the glycolipid ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) or the sphingosine-truncated α-GalCer analog OCH leads to CD40 signaling as well as the release of soluble molecules including type 1 and γ interferons that contribute to DC maturation. (ox.ac.uk)
To elicit an anti-carbohydrate immune response, glycoproteins can be processed to glycopeptides and presented by the classical antigen-presenting molecules, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class I and II. (austin.org.au)
Adipocytes could act as antigen presenting cells via expression of key molecules for antigen presentation in obese adipose tissue. (molcells.org)
The CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules consists of five members, CD1a to e. (ox.ac.uk)
Abstract ：Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a population of T cells that share some characteristics with natural killer (NK) cells, which can recognize glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells through cell recognition pathway. (fudan.edu.cn)
Data_Sheet_1.pdf (513K) GUID:?514B8128-1B6A-4BCF-ADFD-8945AF1CB772 Abstract The lysosome has a key role in the presentation of lipid antigens by CD1 molecules. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
In addition, adipocytes could modulate the function and activation of iNKT cells via high expression of CD1d molecules in adipose tissue. (molcells.org)
The binding strength between two molecules (e.g., antibody and antigen) taking into account the valency of the interaction. (roitt.com)

Crystal Structures of Bovine CD1d Reveal Altered αGalCer Presentation and a Restricted A' Pocket Unable to Bind Long-Chain Glycolipids. (expasy.org)
Antigen-presenting protein that binds self and non-self glycolipids and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural killer T-cells. (nih.gov)
Using model carbohydrate systems (isogloboside 3 and B blood group antigen), we examined the anti-carbohydrate response on glycolipids using both antibody neutralisation and knockout mouse-based experiments. (austin.org.au)
These studies showed that CD4(+) T cells were required to generate antibodies to the carbohydrates expressed on glycolipids, and unexpectedly, these antibody responses were CD1d and NKT cell independent. (austin.org.au)
CD1d presentation of glycolipids. (ox.ac.uk)

After activation by alpha-GalactosylCeramide (αGC), an exogenic glycolipid antigen, iNKT cells can rapidly release cytokines to enhance specific anti-tumor activity. (frontiersin.org)
These data provide new insight into glycolipid antigen recognition by the immune system and indicate the existence of a previously unrecognised population of glycolipid antigen-specific, CD1-independent, CD4(+) T cells. (austin.org.au)
CD1d plays a role in non-peptide glycolipid antigen presentation to CD1d-restricted T cells. (biolegend.com)

Finally, we propose that self, rather than parasite-derived, CD1d-restricted ligands are implicated in iNKT cell stimulation. (ox.ac.uk)
This review will cover essential background to iNKT cell and CD1d biology with emphasis on the candidate iNKT cell ligands proposed to date. (ox.ac.uk)
Cutting edge: nonglycosidic CD1d lipid ligands activate human and murine invariant NKT cells. (ox.ac.uk)

His primary areas of study are Immunology, Immune system, Antigen, Molecular biology and Immunoglobulin G. His research integrates issues of Intestinal mucosa and Inflammatory bowel disease in his study of Immunology. (research.com)
His primary scientific interests are in Immunology, Cell biology, Immune system, Molecular biology and Antigen. (research.com)

Unconventional T cells follow specific selection rules and are poised to recognize self or evolutionarily conserved microbial antigens. (nature.com)
They recognize lipids presented by of CD1d, in particular the marine-sponge-derived alpha-galactosylceramide (αGC), and express a canonical invariant TCR α chain (Vα24Jα18 in humans and Vα14Jα18 in mice) and TCR β chains that use limited Vβ segments (Vβ11 in humans and Vβ8.2 in mice) ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
During her PhD, she discovered and characterized a novel subset of NKT cells with distinct antigen reactivity for a microbial antigen, and revealed that NKT cells express a highly diverse TCR repertoire and utilize broader mechanisms to recognize their cognate antigens, than previously assumed. (viin.org.au)
Natural killer T cells recognize diacylglycerol antigens from pathogenic bacteria. (umassmed.edu)
Invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells) recognize CD1d/glycolipid complexes. (ox.ac.uk)

The immune system utilizes distinct classes of lipids as antigens which binds glycoproteins called CD1d and activates specific immune cell called NKT cell. (howest.be)

The immunomodulatory glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) binds to CD1d and exhibits potent activity as a ligand for invariant CD1d-restricted natural killer-like T cells (iNKT cells). (nih.gov)
they are self-renewing, and frequently secrete high levels of antibody, which binds to a range of antigens ("polyspecificity") with a relatively low affinity. (roitt.com)

It plays a unique role in the presentation of lipid ANTIGENS to NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. (bvsalud.org)

The aim of this experiment is to validate, this specific lipid antigen synthesized during ER stress. (howest.be)
In vitro assays are established wherein ER stress is induced in J774.2 cells and specific enzymes involved in synthesizing this lipid antigen are inhibited with Fumonisin B 1 or Myriocin in the presence of ER stress inducer Thapsigargin and then co-cultured with NKT cell hybridoma (2C12). (howest.be)
The effects of L-serine on this lipid antigen synthesis during ER stress is also addressed. (howest.be)
Acquired data suggests that the lipid antigen is synthesized during ER stress in J774.2 and can activate CD1d-restricted NKT cells. (howest.be)
Data_Sheet_1.pdf (513K) GUID:?514B8128-1B6A-4BCF-ADFD-8945AF1CB772 Supplementary Physique 3: Statistical analysis of CD1b-restricted lipid antigen presentation by Mo-DCs. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
Data_Sheet_1.pdf (513K) GUID:?514B8128-1B6A-4BCF-ADFD-8945AF1CB772 Supplementary Body 6: Statistical evaluation of Compact disc1d-restricted lipid antigen display by Mo-DCs. (clinical-research-informatics.com)
While defects in lipid antigen presentation hN-CoR and in invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cell response were detected in several mouse models of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), the impact of lysosomal engorgement in human lipid antigen presentation is poorly characterized. (clinical-research-informatics.com)

Structural analogues of α-GalCer have been synthesised to determine which components are required for CD1d presentation and iNKT cell activation, however, to date the importance of the phytosphingosine 4-hydroxyl for iNKT cell activation has been disputed. (nih.gov)
Threitolceramide-pulsed DCs are more resistant to iNKT cell-dependent lysis than alpha-galactosylceramide-pulsed DCs due to the weaker affinity of the human iNKT TCR for CD1d/ threitolceramide than CD1d/alpha-galactosylceramide complexes. (ox.ac.uk)

d) Mature antigen-capturing DCs induce long-lived, adaptive T-cell immunity. (asiaresearchnews.com)
The inciting antigen Antigen Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction. (lecturio.com)
These cells can be stimulated by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) bound to CD1d to induce the production of IFNγ, activation of NK cells, and in situ maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). (acir.org)
In summary, current models hold that tumor antigens are present and induce immune reactivity during incipient tumor growth and that tumors subsequently develop properties to evade these immune responses. (medscape.com)

At least four human CD1 proteins, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d, bind lipid Ags within a hydrophobic groove to form antigenic CD1-lipid complexes. (aai.org)
Data_Sheet_1.pdf (513K) GUID:?514B8128-1B6A-4BCF-ADFD-8945AF1CB772 Supplementary Table 1: CD1b, CD1d, and CD80 expression* on Mo-DCs from LSD patients. (clinical-research-informatics.com)

iNKT cells were analyzed for CD1d PBS57 tetramer reactivity. (clinical-research-informatics.com)

The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. (nih.gov)

The strength of binding (affinity constant) between a receptor (e.g., one antigen-binding site on an antibody) and a ligand (e.g., epitope on an antigen). (roitt.com)
The purified ligand is then released by disrupting the antibody-antigen interaction, for example by changing the pH. (roitt.com)

The evidence for an autoimmune etiology includes pathological findings of infiltrating T cells, the presence of antigen-antibody complexes in affected cartilage, cellular and humoral responses against collagen type II and other collagen antigens, and the observation that immunosuppressive regimens most often suppress the disease. (medscape.com)
The use of immobilized antibody (or antigen) to select specific antigen (or antibody) from a mixture. (roitt.com)
An artificially produced hybrid antibody in which each of the two antigen-binding arms is specific for a different antigenic epitope. (roitt.com)

CD1d, known as CD1.1 and Ly-38, is a 48 kD type I membrane glycoprotein with structural similarities to MHC class I and is non-covalently associated with β2-microglobulin. (biolegend.com)

13 , 14 α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a glycolipid extracted from the marine sponge Agelas mauritiana , can stimulate NKT cells to produce enormous amounts of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in a CD1d-dependent way. (dovepress.com)
Stimulation of iNKT cells by the CD1d-αGC complex leads to a rapid production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines (e.g. (frontiersin.org)

injection of free αGalCer and injection of CD1d-αGalCer complexes. (iiarjournals.org)
CD1d-αGalCer complexes are generally produced by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with αGalCer (DCG) in vitro . (iiarjournals.org)

NKT cells will reciprocally activate its antigen presenting cell upon lipid/glycolipid presentation. (biolegend.com)
We also report that schistosome egg-sensitized dendritic cells (DCs) activate, in a CD1d-dependent manner, iNKT cells to secrete IFN-gamma and IL-4 in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)

Intrinsic antigens on cell surfaces (e.g. (lecturio.com)

These DCs then changed or matured to mount an immune response by presenting tumor antigen peptide in such a way as to stimulate the production CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells against that particular tumor (cross-presentation 1) (Fig. 1c). (asiaresearchnews.com)
c) Next, DCs engulf tumor debris and cross-present on CD1d to NKT cells, which matures the DCs. (asiaresearchnews.com)
The aAVCs used in this study were allogeneic HEK293 ectopically expressing the AML tumor antigen Wilms' tumor antigen 1 (WT1), which was expressed intracellularly, and CD1d, which could form an αGalCer-CD1d complex on the cell surface. (acir.org)
Such antibodies, which can be produced either by chemical cross-linkage or by recombinant DNA techniques, can be used to link together two different antigens or cells (e.g., a cytotoxic T-cell and a tumor cell). (roitt.com)

iNKT cells are positively selected in the thymus in the same manner as major histocompatibility complex restricted T cells, except iNKT cells require CD1d to be presented by thymocytes rather than epithelial cells. (ox.ac.uk)

Immunity mediated by lymphocytes and characterized by antigen specificity and memory. (roitt.com)

2004. "Utilizing the Adjuvant Properties of CD1d-Dependent NK T Cells in T Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy. (ox.ac.uk)
developed a novel therapeutic vaccine platform consisting of antigen-expressing artificial adjuvant vector cells (aAVC). (acir.org)

Since the vector cells used were HLA-A*02:01 and not HLA-A24, these could not directly present WT1 to these tetramer + T cells, suggesting DC-mediated antigen cross-presentation had taken place in these patients. (acir.org)

NKT cells are now better characterized as CD1d-dependent T cells with potent cytokine production capacity ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

His Immunoglobulin G research incorporates themes from Receptor, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I and Immunotherapy. (research.com)

Any substance that nonspecifically enhances the immune response to antigen. (roitt.com)

The phenomenon whereby, following successful rearrangement of one allele of an antigen receptor gene, rearrangement of the other parental allele is suppressed. (roitt.com)

This process enhances T cell immunity to antigens presented by the DC. (ox.ac.uk)

15 Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) isolated from lipopolysaccharide-free Gram-negative bacteria Sphingomonas paucimobilis have the ability to stimulate NKT cells in a CD1d-dependent manner. (dovepress.com)

Mouse CD1d-restricted NKT cells, including invariant (i)NKT cells, are innate cells activated by glycolipid Ags and play important roles in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. (ox.ac.uk)

The effects of the inhibitors on CD1d surface expression in J774.2 are also tested. (howest.be)

Identification of sVSG117 as an immunodiagnostic antigen and evaluation of a dual-antigen lateral flow test for the diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis. (harvard.edu)

He combines subjects such as Gut flora, Colitis, Homeostasis and Natural killer T cell, CD1D with his study of Inflammation. (research.com)

An antigen that causes allergy. (roitt.com)

Dentro de las distintas células linfoides innatas haremos especial hincapié en una subpoblación con diversas particularidades, las células T natural killer , un subtipo de linfocitos T que expresan receptores de células T y NK. (isciii.es)
Natural Killer T (NKT) cellen spelen een belangrijke rol in de bescherming van het individu tegen infecties, tumorontwikkeling en de preventie van auto-immuunziekten. (howest.be)
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted innate-like αβ-T cells expressing an invariant T cell receptor (TCR). (acir.org)

Its lead product candidate, LAVA-051, is advancing toward a Phase 1/2a clinical trial for the treatment of CD1d-expressing hematologic cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, and acute myeloid leukemia. (stocknews.com)

3 Antigen Presentation Research Group. (isciii.es)

CD31 + EC may play an antigen-presenting role to iNKT cells after αGalCer treatment and may be a cause of lethal injury. (iiarjournals.org)

Anatomy29

Organisms10

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs157

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Biochemical characterization of CD1d expression in the absence of beta2-microglobulin. (1/609)

Juvenile hemochromatosis locus maps to chromosome 1q. (2/609)

Immunolocalization of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells and identification of a beta2-microglobulin-associated form. (3/609)

Tissue-specific segregation of CD1d-dependent and CD1d-independent NK T cells. (4/609)

A novel recognition motif of human NKT antigen receptor for a glycolipid ligand. (5/609)

Susceptibility of mice deficient in CD1D or TAP1 to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (6/609)

Cutting edge: activation of NK T cells by CD1d and alpha-galactosylceramide directs conventional T cells to the acquisition of a Th2 phenotype. (7/609)

Differential responses of invariant V alpha 24J alpha Q T cells and MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells to dexamethasone. (8/609)

Antigens

Antigens, CD

Antigens, CD8

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, CD3

Antigens, Surface

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, CD38

Antigens, CD34

Antigens, CD19

Antigens, CD40

CD40 Ligand

Antigens, CD20

Antigens, Viral

Antigens, CD28

Antigens, CD44

Antigens, CD7

Antigens, CD14

Antigens, CD2

CD4-CD8 Ratio

Antigens, CD5

Antigens, Differentiation

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, CD1

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Antigens, CD56

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase

Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic

Antigens, CD80

Antigens, CD53

Antigens, CD24

Antigens, CD13

Antigens, Protozoan

T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, CD86

Flow Cytometry

B-Lymphocytes

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Antigens, CD95

HLA Antigens

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte

Antigens, CD45

Immunophenotyping

NAD+ Nucleosidase

Antigens, Fungal

Molecular Sequence Data

H-2 Antigens

Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3

Antigens, Helminth

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Antigens, CD18

Lymphocyte Activation

Antigens, CD30

Membrane Glycoproteins

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Epitopes

Antigens, CD9

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

HLA-DR Antigens

Antigens, CD15

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

Cell Line

Antigens, CD43

Antigens, CD36

Amino Acid Sequence

Antigens, CD11

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Histocompatibility Antigens

Antigens, CD59

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Antigens, CD57

Antigens, CD70

Antigens, CD46

Lectins, C-Type

Antigens, CD58

Antigens, CD4

Antigens, CD47

Antigens, CD11b