Antigens cd1. Medical search

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis and HYDROLYSIS of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from NAD+ to ADP-RIBOSE. It is a cell surface molecule which is predominantly expressed on LYMPHOID CELLS and MYELOID CELLS.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

A membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells that binds to CD40 ANTIGENS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and induces their proliferation. Mutation of the gene for CD40 ligand is a cause of HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 1.

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Costimulatory T-LYMPHOCYTE receptors that have specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN. Activation of this receptor results in increased T-cell proliferation, cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival.

Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. CD44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Differentiation antigens expressed on pluripotential hematopoietic cells, most human thymocytes, and a major subset of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. They have been implicated in integrin-mediated cellular adhesion and as signalling receptors on T-cells.

Glycolipid-anchored membrane glycoproteins expressed on cells of the myelomonocyte lineage including monocytes, macrophages, and some granulocytes. They function as receptors for the complex of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein.

Glycoprotein members of the immunoglobulin superfamily which participate in T-cell adhesion and activation. They are expressed on most peripheral T-lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and thymocytes, and function as co-receptors or accessory molecules in the T-cell receptor complex.

Ratio of T-LYMPHOCYTES that express the CD4 ANTIGEN to those that express the CD8 ANTIGEN. This value is commonly assessed in the diagnosis and staging of diseases affecting the IMMUNE SYSTEM including HIV INFECTIONS.

Glycoproteins expressed on all mature T-cells, thymocytes, and a subset of mature B-cells. Antibodies specific for CD5 can enhance T-cell receptor-mediated T-cell activation. The B-cell-specific molecule CD72 is a natural ligand for CD5. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The 140 kDa isoform of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) containing a transmembrane domain and short cytoplasmic tail. It is expressed by all lymphocytes mediating non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity and is present on some neural tissues and tumors.

Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and normal and neoplastic transformation. Their phenotypic characterization is important in differential diagnosis and studies of thymic ontogeny and T-cell function.

A membrane-bound or cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of CYCLIC ADP-RIBOSE (cADPR) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). This enzyme generally catalyzes the hydrolysis of cADPR to ADP-RIBOSE, as well, and sometimes the synthesis of cyclic ADP-ribose 2' phosphate (2'-P-cADPR) from NADP.

Surface antigens expressed on myeloid cells of the granulocyte-monocyte-histiocyte series during differentiation. Analysis of their reactivity in normal and malignant myelomonocytic cells is useful in identifying and classifying human leukemias and lymphomas.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Tetraspanin proteins found at high levels in cells of the lymphoid-myeloid lineage. CD53 antigens may be involved regulating the differentiation of T-LYMPHOCYTES and the activation of B-LYMPHOCYTES.

A cell adhesion protein that was originally identified as a heat stable antigen in mice. It is involved in METASTASIS and is highly expressed in many NEOPLASMS.

Zinc-binding metalloproteases that are members of the type II integral membrane metalloproteases. They are expressed by GRANULOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and their precursors as well as by various non-hematopoietic cells. They release an N-terminal amino acid from a peptide, amide or arylamide.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype found in a variety of tissues and on activated LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for FAS LIGAND and plays a role in regulation of peripheral immune responses and APOPTOSIS. Multiple isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Membrane antigens associated with maturation stages of B-lymphocytes, often expressed in tumors of B-cell origin.

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

A 67-kDa sialic acid binding lectin that is specific for MYELOID CELLS and MONOCYTE-MACROPHAGE PRECURSOR CELLS. This protein is the smallest siglec subtype and contains a single immunoglobulin C2-set domain. It may play a role in intracellular signaling via its interaction with SHP-1 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE and SHP-2 PROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the CD11 family of leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION). A defect in the gene encoding CD18 causes LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that may play a role in the regulation of NF-KAPPA B and APOPTOSIS. They are found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; MAST CELLS and NK CELLS. Overexpression of CD30 antigen in hematopoietic malignancies make the antigen clinically useful as a biological tumor marker. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A subtype of tetraspanin proteins that play a role in cell adhesion, cell motility, and tumor metastasis. CD9 antigens take part in the process of platelet activation and aggregation, the formation of paranodal junctions in neuronal tissue, and the fusion of sperm with egg.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A sialic acid-rich protein and an integral cell membrane mucin. It plays an important role in activation of T-LYMPHOCYTES.

Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Small glycoproteins found on both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD59 restricts the cytolytic activity of homologous complement by binding to C8 and C9 and blocking the assembly of the membrane attack complex. (From Barclay et al., The Leukocyte Antigen FactsBook, 1993, p234)

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Oligosaccharide antigenic determinants found principally on NK cells and T-cells. Their role in the immune response is poorly understood.

A transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that specifically binds to CD27 ANTIGEN. It is found on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS where it plays a role in stimulating the proliferation of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES and CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES.

A ubiquitously expressed complement receptor that binds COMPLEMENT C3B and COMPLEMENT C4B and serves as a cofactor for their inactivation. CD46 also interacts with a wide variety of pathogens and mediates immune response.

A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.

Glycoproteins with a wide distribution on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells and strongly expressed on macrophages. CD58 mediates cell adhesion by binding to CD2; (ANTIGENS, CD2); and this enhances antigen-specific T-cell activation.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

A ubiquitously expressed membrane glycoprotein. It interacts with a variety of INTEGRINS and mediates responses to EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS.

A CD antigen that contains a conserved I domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined with CD18 the two subunits form MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

An integrin alpha subunit of approximately 150-kDa molecular weight. It is expressed at high levels on monocytes and combines with CD18 ANTIGEN to form the cell surface receptor INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2. The subunit contains a conserved I-domain which is characteristic of several of alpha integrins.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.

The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

GPI-linked membrane proteins broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. CD55 prevents the assembly of C3 CONVERTASE or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

Cell adhesion molecules present on virtually all monocytes, platelets, and granulocytes. CD31 is highly expressed on endothelial cells and concentrated at the junctions between them.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Tetraspanin proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular functions including BASEMENT MEMBRANE assembly, and in the formation of a molecular complexes on the surface of LYMPHOCYTES.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is specific for 4-1BB LIGAND. It is found in a variety of immune cell types including activated T-LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL KILLER CELLS; and DENDRITIC CELLS. Activation of the receptor on T-LYMPHOCYTES plays a role in their expansion, production of cytokines and survival. Signaling by the activated receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Receptors present on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and B-LYMPHOCYTES that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-2 and play an important role in LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION. They are heterotrimeric proteins consisting of the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR ALPHA SUBUNIT, the INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR BETA SUBUNIT, and the INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA-CHAIN.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

Ubiquitously-expressed tetraspanin proteins that are found in late ENDOSOMES and LYSOSOMES and have been implicated in intracellular transport of proteins.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Tetraspanin proteins found associated with LAMININ-binding INTEGRINS. The CD151 antigens may play a role in the regulation of CELL MOTILITY.

A component of the B-cell antigen receptor that is involved in B-cell antigen receptor heavy chain transport to the PLASMA MEMBRANE. It is expressed almost exclusively in B-LYMPHOCYTES and serves as a useful marker for B-cell NEOPLASMS.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

A membrane-bound tumor necrosis family member found primarily on activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that binds specifically to CD30 ANTIGEN. It may play a role in INFLAMMATION and immune regulation.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.

A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

An alpha-integrin subunit found on lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages and monocytes. It combines with the integrin beta2 subunit (CD18 ANTIGEN) to form LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

A heterogeneous group of immunocompetent cells that mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens to the T-cells. Traditional antigen-presenting cells include MACROPHAGES; DENDRITIC CELLS; LANGERHANS CELLS; and B-LYMPHOCYTES. FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS are not traditional antigen-presenting cells, but because they hold antigen on their cell surface in the form of IMMUNE COMPLEXES for B-cell recognition they are considered so by some authors.

The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.

T-cell receptors composed of CD3-associated alpha and beta polypeptide chains and expressed primarily in CD4+ or CD8+ T-cells. Unlike immunoglobulins, the alpha-beta T-cell receptors recognize antigens only when presented in association with major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

The altered state of immunologic responsiveness resulting from initial contact with antigen, which enables the individual to produce antibodies more rapidly and in greater quantity in response to secondary antigenic stimulus.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.

A widely distributed cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein that stimulates the synthesis of MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES. It is found at high levels on the surface of malignant NEOPLASMS and may play a role as a mediator of malignant cell behavior.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.

An inhibitory T CELL receptor that is closely related to CD28 ANTIGEN. It has specificity for CD80 ANTIGEN and CD86 ANTIGEN and acts as a negative regulator of peripheral T cell function. CTLA-4 antigen is believed to play role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

A widely expressed transmembrane glycoprotein that functions as a METASTASIS suppressor protein. It is underexpressed in a variety of human NEOPLASMS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A sex-specific cell surface antigen produced by the sex-determining gene of the Y chromosome in mammals. It causes syngeneic grafts from males to females to be rejected and interacts with somatic elements of the embryologic undifferentiated gonad to produce testicular organogenesis.

A cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and is involved in INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS.

Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reacting antigens found in phylogenetically unrelated species.

CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.

Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. The initial characterization of this protein revealed one identifiable heavy chain (ANTIGENS, CD98 HEAVY CHAIN) and an indeterminate smaller light chain. It is now known that a variety of light chain subunits (ANTIGENS, CD98 LIGHT CHAINS) can dimerize with the heavy chain. Depending upon its light chain composition a diverse array of functions can be found for this protein. Functions include: type L amino acid transport, type y+L amino acid transport and regulation of cellular fusion.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

A group of the D-related HLA antigens found to differ from the DR antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

An inhibitory B7 antigen that has specificity for the T-CELL receptor PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 1 PROTEIN. CD274 antigen provides negative signals that control and inhibit T-cell responses and is found at higher than normal levels on tumor cells, suggesting its potential role in TUMOR IMMUNE EVASION.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

A species of POLYOMAVIRUS originally isolated from Rhesus monkey kidney tissue. It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

A melanosome-associated protein that plays a role in the maturation of the MELANOSOME.

The genetic region which contains the loci of genes which determine the structure of the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS, genes which control the structure of the IMMUNE RESPONSE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS, HUMAN; the IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES which control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, and genes which determine the structure and/or level of the first four components of complement.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).

Immunohistochemical localization of CD1a-positive putative dendritic cells in human breast tumours. (1/894)

The presence of a high number of infiltrating CD1a+ cells in malignant neoplasms has been reported to be associated with an improved prognosis, reduced tumour recurrence and fewer metastases. This study identified a population of CD1a+ cells within the lymphoid cell infiltrate in human ductal breast carcinoma (n = 52), which was significantly different from normal breast tissue, in which only two out of nine cases expressed CD1a+ cells (P = 0.0192). In the majority of cases, the infiltrate was low compared with the number of macrophages and T cells present (results not shown). There was no correlation between the number of CD1a+ cells and tumour grade, with all tumour grades expressing similar numbers of infiltrating CD1a+ cells. There was clear evidence, however, that the CD1a+ cells were closely associated with tumour cells. It is likely that CD1a+ cells have a role in antigen capture and presentation in human tumours, and this study documents the density of CD1a+ cells in a large sample of all histological grades of human breast carcinomas. (+info)

Long-term culture of human CD34(+) progenitors with FLT3-ligand, thrombopoietin, and stem cell factor induces extensive amplification of a CD34(-)CD14(-) and a CD34(-)CD14(+) dendritic cell precursor. (2/894)

Current in vitro culture systems allow the generation of human dendritic cells (DCs), but the output of mature cells remains modest. This contrasts with the extensive amplification of hematopoietic progenitors achieved when culturing CD34(+) cells with FLT3-ligand and thrombopoietin. To test whether such cultures contained DC precursors, CD34(+) cord blood cells were incubated with the above cytokines, inducing on the mean a 250-fold and a 16,600-fold increase in total cell number after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. The addition of stem cell factor induced a further fivefold increase in proliferation. The majority of the cells produced were CD34(-)CD1a- CD14(+) (p14(+)) and CD34(-)CD1a-CD14(-) (p14(-)) and did not display the morphology, surface markers, or allostimulatory capacity of DC. When cultured with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), both subsets differentiated without further proliferation into immature (CD1a+, CD14(-), CD83(-)) macropinocytic DC. Mature (CD1a+, CD14(-), CD83(+)) DCs with high allostimulatory activity were generated if such cultures were supplemented with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). In addition, p14(-) cells generated CD14(+) cells with GM-CSF and TNF, which in turn, differentiated into DC when exposed to GM-CSF and IL-4. Similar results were obtained with frozen DC precursors and also when using pooled human serum AB+ instead of bovine serum, emphasizing that this system using CD34(+) cells may improve future prospects for immunotherapy. (+info)

Biochemical characterization of CD1d expression in the absence of beta2-microglobulin. (3/894)

CD1d is a major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule that exhibits a distinct antigen processing pathway that functions in the presentation of hydrophobic antigens to T cells. CD1d has been previously shown to be expressed on the cell surface of human intestinal epithelial cell lines in vivo and a transfected cell line in vitro independently of beta2-microglobulin (beta2m). To define the relationship between CD1d and beta2m and characterize the biochemical structure of CD1d in the absence of beta2m, we have used a newly generated series of CD1d transfectants and CD1d-specific antibodies. These studies show that in the absence of beta2m, CD1d is expressed on the cell surface as a 45-kDa glycoprotein that is sensitive to endoglycosidase-H and is reduced to 37-kDa after N-glycanase digestion. In contrast, in the presence of beta2m, CD1d is expressed on the cell surface as a 48-kDa endoglycosidase-H-resistant glycoprotein. Pulse-chase metabolic labeling studies demonstrate that acquisition of endoglycosidase-H resistance of CD1d is observed in the presence of beta2m but not in the absence of beta2m even after a 24-h chase period. Thus, CD1d is able to be transported to the cell surface independently of beta2m; however, in the absence of beta2m, the glycosylation pattern of CD1d is altered and consistent with an immature glycoprotein. (+info)

T cell-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian-human immunodeficiency viruses are readily transmitted by vaginal inoculation of rhesus macaques, and Langerhans' cells of the female genital tract are infected with SIV. (4/894)

Intravaginal inoculation with T cell-tropic molecular clones of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) or some dual-tropic strains of SIV or SHIV produced systemic infection in rhesus macaques. Vaginal inoculation with other dual-tropic molecular clones of SIV or SHIV did not infect rhesus macaques even after multiple inoculations. While in vitro measures of macrophage tropism do not predict which primate lentiviruses will produce systemic infection after intravaginal inoculation, the level to which a virus replicates in vivo after intravenous inoculation does predict the outcome of intravaginal inoculation. Another series of studies, using combined in situ hybridization and immunolabeling to simultaneously detect SIV RNA and identify the immunophenotype of infected cells, demonstrated that a large proportion (approximately 40% in some animals) of the SIV-infected cells in the vagina and cervix were Langerhans' cells. This is the first in vivo demonstration that Langerhans' cells in the genital tract are infected with SIV and that dendritic cells are significant reservoirs for lentiviruses. (+info)

Expression of the nlsLacz gene in dendritic cells derived from retrovirally transduced peripheral blood CD34+ cells. (5/894)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gene transfer and expression of exogenous genetic information coding for an immunogenic protein in antigen presenting cells (APCs) can promote an immune response. This was investigated by retroviral transfer of a marker gene into CD34+ derived APCs. DESIGN AND METHODS: To achieve long term expression of a specific transgene in APCs, G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cell populations were retrovirally transduced with the bacterial nlsLacZ, a marker gene used here as a model, in the presence of IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF and SCF prior to being induced to differentiate into dendritic and macrophage cells by GM-CSF and TNF-a. RESULTS: Addition of IL-4 was found to induce dendritic differentiation preferentially by inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of the macrophage lineage. As assessed by X-Gal staining, LacZ gene expression was observed in cells from both the dendritic lineage (CD1a+/CD14-) which still exhibits the highest immunostimulatory activity in mixed lymphocyte reaction and from the macrophage lineage (CD1a-/ CD14+). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study sets out the possibility of transducing dendritic and macrophage progenitors present in the CD34+ cell population and in using a marker gene such as nlsLacZ to study gene expression in antigen presenting cell compartments. (+info)

Expression of CD1d2 on thymocytes is not sufficient for the development of NK T cells in CD1d1-deficient mice. (6/894)

CD1 is an MHC class I-like molecule that has been conserved throughout mammalian evolution. Unlike MHC class I molecules, CD1 can present unique nonprotein antigens to T cells. The murine CD1 locus contains two highly homologous genes, CD1d1 and CD1d2. CD1d1 is essential for the development of a major subset of NK T cells that promptly secrete IL-4 following activation. However, the function of CD1d2 has not yet been demonstrated. In the present study, we examined the expression of CD1d2 in CD1d1-deficient (CD1d1 degrees) mice with the anti-CD1 Ab 3H3. Unlike CD1d1, which is expressed by all lymphocytes, CD1d2 can be detected only on the surface of thymocytes. To determine whether CD1d2 can select a unique subset of NK T cells, we compared the remnant population of NK T cells in CD1d1 degrees and CD1d1, CD1d2-double deficient (CD1d1 degrees CD1d2 degrees) mice. No significant difference in the number of NK T cells and cytokine secretion capacity can be detected between CD1d1 degrees and CD1d1 degrees CD1d2 degrees mice, indicating that CD1d2 cannot substitute for CD1d1 in NK T cell development. The inability of CD1d2 to select NK T cells is not due to the structural constraints of CD1d2 since CD1d2-transfected cells can be recognized by both NK T cell hybridomas and freshly isolated NK T cells. Given the structural similarities, it is possible that the low levels of surface expression and limited tissue distribution of CD1d2 may prevent it from functioning in the selection and expansion of NK T cells. (+info)

Juvenile hemochromatosis locus maps to chromosome 1q. (7/894)

Juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to severe iron loading in the 2d to 3d decade of life. Affected members in families with JH do not show linkage to chromosome 6p and do not have mutations in the HFE gene that lead to the common hereditary hemochromatosis. In this study we performed a genomewide search to map the JH locus in nine families: six consanguineous and three with multiple affected patients. This strategy allowed us to identify the JH locus on the long arm of chromosome 1. A maximum LOD score of 5.75 at a recombination fraction of 0 was detected with marker D1S498, and a LOD score of 5. 16 at a recombination fraction of 0 was detected for marker D1S2344. Homozygosity mapping in consanguineous families defined the limits of the candidate region in an approximately 4-cM interval between markers D1S442 and D1S2347. Analysis of genes mapped in this interval excluded obvious candidates. The JH locus does not correspond to the chromosomal localization of any known gene involved in iron metabolism. These findings provide a means to recognize, at an early age, patients in affected families. They also provide a starting point for the identification of the affected gene by positional cloning. (+info)

Immunolocalization of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells and identification of a beta2-microglobulin-associated form. (8/894)

In order to better understand the role of intestinal CD1d, we sought to define the cellular localization and further characterize the biochemical structure of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Using a CD1d-specific rabbit anti-gst-CD1d antibody, immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled cell surface proteins detected a previously identified 37 kDa protein as well as a 48-50 kDa protein which were confirmed by Western blotting with a CD1d-specific mAb, D5. Immunoprecipitation of protein lysates with the CD1d-specific mAb, D5 and 51.1.3, and the beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-specific mAb, BBM.1, followed by N-glycanase digestion and Western blotting with the D5 mAb showed that the 48-50 kDa protein was a beta2m-associated, CD1d glycoprotein. CD1d was immunolocalized to the apical and lateral regions of native small and large intestinal IEC as defined by confocal laser microscopy using the D5 mAb and the rabbit anti-gst-CD1d antibody. In addition, a large apical intracellular pool of CD1d was identified. Identical observations were made with polarized T84 cells. Selective biotin labeling of apical and basolateral cell surfaces followed by immunoprecipitation with the D5 mAb, N-glycanase digestion and avidin blotting confirmed the presence of glycosylated CD1d on both cell surfaces and immunolocalization of the 37 kDa non-glycosylated form of CD1d to the apical cell surface. These studies show that CD1d is located in an ideal position for luminal antigen sampling and presentation to subjacent intraepithelial lymphocytes. (+info)

The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. ... 2003). "Two novel CD1 E alleles identified in black African individuals". Tissue Antigens. 59 (5): 417-20. doi:10.1034/j.1399- ... Yu CY, Milstein C (1990). "A physical map linking the five CD1 human thymocyte differentiation antigen genes". EMBO J. 8 (12): ... "Entrez Gene: CD1E CD1e molecule". Brigl M, Brenner MB (2004). "CD1: antigen presentation and T cell function". Annu. Rev. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1E

... is the only member of the group 2 CD1 molecules. CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate a special class of T cells, known ... Melián A, Beckman EM, Porcelli SA, Brenner MB (1996). "Antigen presentation by CD1 and MHC-encoded class I-like molecules". ... Yu CY, Milstein C (1990). "A physical map linking the five CD1 human thymocyte differentiation antigen genes". EMBO J. 8 (12): ... Brigl M, Brenner MB (2004). "CD1: antigen presentation and T cell function". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22 (1): 817-890. doi:10.1146/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1D

The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. ... Melián A, Beckman EM, Porcelli SA, Brenner MB (1996). "Antigen presentation by CD1 and MHC-encoded class I-like molecules". ... Moody DB, Zajonc DM, Wilson IA (2005). "Anatomy of CD1-lipid antigen complexes". Nat. Rev. Immunol. 5 (5): 387-99. doi:10.1038/ ... Yu CY, Milstein C (1990). "A physical map linking the five CD1 human thymocyte differentiation antigen genes". EMBO J. 8 (12): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1A

Compared to other CD1 molecules this unique arrangement of CD1b provides the possibility of binding a wide spectrum of antigens ... CD1 molecules are expressed on the surface of numerous different human antigen presenting cells (DCs, monocytes and some ... CD1b molecule has the largest antigen-binding cleft within the CD1 family. Whereas the microbial lipids tend to have longer ... The human CD1 locus is found on chromosome 1 and contains five nonpolymorphic genes (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d and CD1e). CD1b ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1b

Porcelli, Steven A.; Modlin, Robert L. (April 1999). "THE CD1 SYSTEM: Antigen-Presenting Molecules for T Cell Recognition of ... Immunogenicity is the ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human ... It may be wanted or unwanted: Wanted immunogenicity typically relates to vaccines, where the injection of an antigen (the ... Unwanted immunogenicity is an immune response by an organism against a therapeutic antigen. This reaction leads to production ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunogenicity

Antigen processing and presentation of proteins and lipids seems efficient and can include cross presentation on MHC I and CD1 ... They reside in the peripheral organs and induce different forms of antigen-specific peripheral tolerance. Antigens from the ... DCs present antigens and initiate the afferent limb, while the other antigen-presenting cells (APCs) mediate the effectors to ... Most DCs in vivo in the steady state are immature, able to take up and present antigens, but areunable to adaptive T cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_M._Steinman

CD1). There are 5 subtypes of CD1 molecules that range from a through e. The a through d subtypes are capable of binding to ... CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c subtypes present lipid antigens to T cells, while CD1d cells present lipids, glycolipids, and lipoproteins ... CD1 a through c cell subtypes initiate T helper type 1 and type 2 responses, and they facilitate sulfatide loading onto the ... Different types of cells that present antigens on their surfaces include: Macrophages Dendritic cells Hepatocytes B cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfatide

The antigen presenting complex that NKT cells bind to involves CD1 proteins, so tetramers made of CD1 can be used to stain for ... MHC tetramers were developed to present HIV antigens and used to find the percentage of CTLs specific to those HIV antigens in ... MHC tetramer molecules developed in a lab can mimic the antigen presenting complex on cells and bind to T-cells that recognize ... James EA, LaFond R, Durinovic-Bello I, Kwok W (March 2009). "Visualizing antigen specific CD4+ T cells using MHC class II ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramer_assay

... tuberculosis T-cell lipid antigens and the elucidation of the CD1 antigen presentation pathway. He is also exploring the ... where it is important to fine tune the hosts immune response through the CD1 pathway. Besra was elected a Fellow of the Royal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurdyal_Besra

One case also reported the absence of CD1, a MHC-like glycoprotein involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD25_deficiency

His lab primary focuses on the molecular mechanisms of antigen processing particularly the functions of the major ... histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and CD1 molecules. He is most notable for discovering and identifying the MHC class ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Cresswell

May 2016). "The intracellular pathway for the presentation of vitamin B-related antigens by the antigen-presenting molecule MR1 ... Another non-classical MHC class I CD1 is missing in certain species. There is 90% protein homology of the MR1 binding site ... This isoform binds antigen via α1 and α2 interaction. Some bacteria are able to target specific β2 microglobulin that enable ... Due to the antigen necessity for MR1 stabilization. MR1 binds the intermediates of riboflavine synthesis. Human body can´t ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_I-related

... is usually used for antigen binding. Like the CD1 series, EPCR has a lipid in the corresponding groove. The bound lipid in EPCR ... It belongs to the MHC class I/CD1 family of proteins, that is characterized by having a deep groove, that in other proteins in ... comparison with the structure of CD1/major histocompatibility complex alpha1 and alpha2 domains". Blood. 94 (2): 632-41. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothelial_protein_C_receptor

While most T cell subsets have TCRs that recognize peptide or lipid-based antigens in association with MHC or CD1, MAIT cells ... A chemically stable antigen that is functionally similar to 5-OP-RU has also been created. A 2017 study also found that some ... MR1 also serves as the antigen-presenting molecule outside of the thymus that binds to TCR and activates MAIT cells. MAIT cells ... Porcelli, S.; Yockey, C. E.; Brenner, M. B.; Balk, S. P. (1993-07-01). "Analysis of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) expression by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucosal_associated_invariant_T_cell

Presentation of viral antigen controlled by a gene in the major histocompatibility complex. Nature 345:449-452. Moins- ... He characterised the structural and kinetic mechanisms by which lipids bind to CD1 molecules and are recognized by T cells and ... demonstrated that harnessing CD1 restricted Natural killer T cell (NKT) cells enhances antigen specific antibody and T cell ... NKT cells enhance CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to soluble antigen in vivo through direct interaction with dendritic cells. J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo_Cerundolo

... lipid antigen presentation facilitation (by CD1) to natural killer T cell as well as modulation of inflammation and oxidation. ... October 2005). "Apolipoprotein-mediated pathways of lipid antigen presentation". Nature. 437 (7060): 906-10. Bibcode:2005Natur. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_E

However, none of the known antigen-presenting molecules like MHC class I and II or CD1 are required for γδ T cell activation ... The antigens recognized by non-Vδ2 T cells expanded in the above infectious contexts have not been characterized, but the fact ... It is still not clear whether these non-peptidic antigens bind directly to the Vγ9/Vδ2 TCR or if a presenting element exists. ... Strong support for a direct recognition of non-peptide antigens by the Vγ9/Vδ2 TCR comes from studies which demonstrated that a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_delta_T_cell

... antigens, cd1 MeSH D23.050.301.264.035.102 - antigens, cd2 MeSH D23.050.301.264.035.103 - antigens, cd3 MeSH D23.050.301.264. ... antigens, cd1 MeSH D23.050.301.264.894.090 - antigens, cd2 MeSH D23.050.301.264.894.095 - antigens, cd3 MeSH D23.050.301.264. ... antigens, cd1 MeSH D23.101.100.110.102 - antigens, cd2 MeSH D23.101.100.110.103 - antigens, cd3 MeSH D23.101.100.110.103.800 - ... antigens, cd1 MeSH D23.101.100.894.090 - antigens, cd2 MeSH D23.101.100.894.095 - antigens, cd3 MeSH D23.101.100.894.095.800 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D23)

CD1+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Mouse CD Antigen Chart Human CD Antigen ... The antigen has also been associated with a number of autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo and type I diabetes mellitus. T- ... CD4 is a co-receptor of the T cell receptor (TCR) and assists the latter in communicating with antigen-presenting cells. The ... Barber EK, Dasgupta JD, Schlossman SF, Trevillyan JM, Rudd CE (May 1989). "The CD4 and CD8 antigens are coupled to a protein- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD4

... a member of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules, rather than peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). As ... iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like antigen ... The best known antigen of iNKT cells is alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), which is a synthetic form of a chemical purified ... The highly conserved TCR is made of Va24-Ja18 paired with Vb11 in humans, which is specific for glycolipid antigens. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_killer_T_cell

... +Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Mouse CD Antigen Chart Human CD Antigen ... CD1a, CD1b and CD1c (group 1 CD1 molecules) are expressed on cells specialized for antigen presentation. CD1d (group 2 CD1) is ... to CD1-specific T cells. The natural antigens of group 2 CD1 are not well characterized, but a synthetic glycolipid, alpha- ... CD1 antigens are expressed on cortical thymocytes, but not on mature T cells. This often remains true in neoplastic cells from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1

Barral DC, Brenner MB (December 2007). "CD1 antigen presentation: how it works". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 7 (12): 929-41. ... An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays antigen complexed with major histocompatibility ... Professional antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells, present foreign antigens to helper T ... The T cell recognizes and interacts with the antigen-class II MHC molecule complex on the membrane of the antigen-presenting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen-presenting_cell

Antigen presentation: MHC molecules bind to both T cell receptor and CD4/CD8 co-receptors on T lymphocytes, and the antigen ... The evolutionary oldest nonclassical MHC class I lineage in human was deduced to be the lineage that includes the CD1 and PROCR ... MHC interacts with TCR and its co-receptors to optimize binding conditions for the TCR-antigen interaction, in terms of antigen ... Essentially, the MHC-peptide complex is a complex of auto-antigen/allo-antigen. Upon binding, T cells should in principle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_histocompatibility_complex

This antigen along with other blood group antigens was used to identify the Basque people as a genetically separate group.[49] ... Because the Duffy antigen is uncommon in those of Black African descent, the presence of this antigen has been used to detect ... The Fy4 antigen, originally described on Fy (a-b-) RBCs, is now thought to be a distinct, unrelated antigen and is no longer ... The Duffy antigen is expressed in greater quantities on reticulocytes than on mature erythrocytes.[21] While the Duffy antigen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_ethnic_neutropenia

... antigen (Cluster of Differentiation 48) also known as B-lymphocyte activation marker (BLAST-1) or signaling lymphocytic ... located in the CD1 region of human chromosome 1". J. Exp. Med. 173 (6): 1339-44. doi:10.1084/jem.173.6.1339. PMC 2190850. PMID ... Smith GM, Biggs J, Norris B, Anderson-Stewart P, Ward R (1998). "Detection of a soluble form of the leukocyte surface antigen ... Killeen N, Moessner R, Arvieux J, Willis A, Williams AF (October 1988). "The MRC OX-45 antigen of rat leukocytes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD48

CD1+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... CD4 is a co-receptor of the T cell receptor (TCR) and assists the latter in communicating with antigen-presenting cells. The ... Leucocyte typing: human leucocyte differentiation antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies: specification, classification, ... T cells displaying CD4 molecules (and not CD8) on their surface, therefore, are specific for antigens presented by MHC II and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD4+

FO B cells express high levels of IgD, and CD23; lower levels of CD21 and IgM; and no CD1 or CD5, readily distinguishing this ... Antigen-specific memory B cell development. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:487-513.. ... Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node. Science. 2002;296(5574):1869-1873. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follicular_B_cell

"Direct association of adenosine deaminase with a T cell activation antigen, CD26". Science. 261 (5120): 466-9. doi:10.1126/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipeptidyl_peptidase-4

In addition to aiding with cytotoxic T cell antigen interactions the CD8 co-receptor also plays a role in T cell signaling. The ... the CD8 co-receptor plays a role in T cell signaling and aiding with cytotoxic T cell antigen interactions. ... This affinity keeps the T cell receptor of the cytotoxic T cell and the target cell bound closely together during antigen- ... Once the T cell receptor binds its specific antigen Lck phosphorylates the cytoplasmic CD3 and ζ-chains of the TCR complex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD8

CD64+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD64_

CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E) • CD2 • CD3 (γ, δ, ε) • CD4 • CD5 • CD6 • CD7 • CD8 (a) • CD9 • CD10 • CD11 (a, b, c) • CD13 • CD14 • ... 2000). "Characterization of a new member of the TNF family expressed on antigen presenting cells.". Biol. Chem. 380 (12): 1443- ... "BLyS receptor signatures resolve homeostatically independent compartments among naïve and antigen-experienced B cells.". Semin ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faktor_aktivacije_B-ćelija

I. Partial characterization of soluble Ki-1 antigen and detection of the antigen in cell culture supernatants and in serum by ... Josimovic-Alasevic O, Dürkop H, Schwarting R, Backé E, Stein H, Diamantstein T (Jan 1989). "Ki-1 (CD30) antigen is released by ... CD30+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... results from cDNA cloning and sequence comparison of the CD30 antigen from different sources". Molecular Immunology. 31 (17): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD30

Macrophage-1 antigen (CD11b+CD18). *VLA-4 (CD49d+CD29). *Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (ITGA2B+ITGB3) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-selectin

Seligman P. A., Butler C. D., Massey E. J., etal. The p97 antigen is mapped to the q24-qter region of chromosome 3; the same ... CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E). *CD2. *CD3 (γ, δ, ε). *CD4 ... Richardson D. R. The role of the membrane-bound tumour antigen ... Le Beau M. M., Diaz M. O., Plowman G. D., etal. Chromosomal sublocalization of the human p97 melanoma antigen. (англ.) // Hum. ... Plowman G. D., Brown J. P., Enns C. A., etal. Assignment of the gene for human melanoma-associated antigen p97 to chromosome 3 ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Меланотрансферрин

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) also known as CD66e (Cluster of Differentiation 66e), is a ... 2001). "Heterogeneous RNA-binding protein M4 is a receptor for carcinoembryonic antigen in Kupffer cells". J. Biol. Chem. 276 ( ... CEACAM5, CD66e, CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 5. External IDs. HomoloGene: 128801 GeneCards: ... Oikawa S, Nakazato H, Kosaki G (1987). "Primary structure of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) deduced from cDNA sequence". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEACAM5

The protein also carries the Jr(a) antigen, which defines the Junior blood group system.[9] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCG2

van Rhenen A., van Dongen G. A., Kelder A., et al. The novel AML stem cell associated antigen CLL-1 aids in discrimination ... CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E). *CD2. *CD3 (γ, δ, ε). *CD4 ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEC12A

"Interaction of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta with the DF3/MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin". Molecular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDH1_

Ebert LM, McColl SR (2002). "Up-regulation of CCR5 and CCR6 on distinct subpopulations of antigen-activated CD4+ T lymphocytes ... This receptor has been shown to be important for B-lineage maturation and antigen-driven B-cell differentiation, and it may ... dendritic cells induce antitumor immunity when genetically fused with nonimmunogenic tumor antigens". J. Immunol. 167 (11): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_6

It is also called Lewis x and SSEA-1 (stage-specific embryonic antigen 1) and represents a marker for murine pluripotent stem ... CD15 Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... CD15 (3-fucosyl-N-acetyl-lactosamine) is a cluster of differentiation antigen - an immunologically significant molecule. CD15 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_x

A new ligand for human leukocyte antigen class II antigens". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 176 (2): 327-37. doi:10.1084 ... A new ligand for human leukocyte antigen class II antigens". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 176 (2): 327-37. doi:10.1084 ... antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II. ... antigen binding. • transmembrane signaling receptor activity. • MHC class II protein binding. Cellular component. • membrane. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAG3

CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E) • CD2 • CD3 (γ, δ, ε) • CD4 • CD5 • CD6 • CD7 • CD8 (a) • CD9 • CD10 • CD11 (a, b, c) • CD13 • CD14 • ... CD97 antigen je protein koji je kod ljudi kodiran CD97 genom.[1][2][3] ... 2001). "Tissue distribution of the human CD97 EGF-TM7 receptor". Tissue Antigens 57 (4): 325-31. PMID 11380941. doi:10.1034/j. ... "Expression cloning and chromosomal mapping of the leukocyte activation antigen CD97, a new seven-span transmembrane molecule of ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD97

"Entrez Gene: ITGB3 integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61)".. *^ May, K. E.; Villar, J.; Kirtley, S.; ... CD61+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin_beta_3

... por CD1) [40] ás células T asasinas naturais así como a modulación da inflamación e a oxidación.[41] A APOE prodúcena os ... "Apolipoprotein-mediated pathways of lipid antigen presentation". Nature 437 (7060): 906-10. PMID 16208376. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoproteína_E

B cells can present antigens to a specialized group of helper T cells called TFH cells. If an activated TFH cell recognizes the ... Roles of T cell-B-cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help". Journal of Immunology. 149 (12): ... It binds to CD40 (protein) on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In ... Grewal, IS; Xu, J; Flavell, RA (7 December 1995). "Impairment of antigen-specific T-cell priming in mice lacking CD40 ligand". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD154

antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I. • antigen processing and presentation of exogenous ... CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E). *CD2. *CD3 (γ, δ, ε). *CD4 ... peptide antigen via MHC class I, TAP-dependent. • platelet ... antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I. • lipoprotein transport. • negative ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD36

Primarily, the VCAM-1 protein is an endothelial ligand for VLA-4 (Very Late Antigen-4 or integrin α4β1) of the β1 subfamily of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VCAM1

... uveitis antigens induce CXCR3- and CXCR5-expressing lymphocytes and immature dendritic cells to migrate (англ.) // Blood (англ ... CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E). *CD2. *CD3 (γ, δ, ε). *CD4 ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCR5

antigen binding. • virus receptor activity. • protein binding. • transmembrane signaling receptor activity. • identical protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAMF1

CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E) • CD2 • CD3 (γ, δ, ε) • CD4 • CD5 • CD6 • CD7 • CD8 (a) • CD9 • CD10 • CD11 (a, b, c) • CD13 • CD14 • ... 1996). "CD88 antibodies specifically bind to C5aR on dermal CD117+ and CD14+ cells and react with a desmosomal antigen in human ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5a_receptor

CD74 (англ. HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain; HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain) - мембранный белок ... CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E). *CD2. *CD3 (γ, δ, ε). *CD4 ... antigensIiHLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chainIa antigen- ... Riberdy J.M., Newcomb J.R., Surman M.J., Barbosa J.A., Cresswell P. HLA-DR molecules from an antigen-processing mutant cell ... Machamer C.E., Cresswell P. Biosynthesis and glycosylation of the invariant chain associated with HLA-DR antigens (англ.) // ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD74

1997). "The Oka blood group antigen is a marker for the M6 leukocyte activation antigen, the human homolog of OX-47 antigen, ... 1992). "Human leukocyte activation antigen M6, a member of the Ig superfamily, is the species homologue of rat OX-47, mouse ... Kasinrerk W, Fiebiger E, Stefanová I, Baumruker T, Knapp W, Stockinger H (1992). "Human leukocyte activation antigen M6, a ... Ok blood group system at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basigin

CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E) • CD2 • CD3 (γ, δ, ε) • CD4 • CD5 • CD6 • CD7 • CD8 (a) • CD9 • CD10 • CD11 (a, b, c) • CD13 • CD14 • ... 1991). „Expression of the YB5.B8 antigen (c-kit proto-oncogene product) in normal human bone marrow". Blood. 78 (1): 30-7. PMID ... 2003). „Signal transduction-associated and cell activation-linked antigens expressed in human mast cells". Int. J. Hematol. 75 ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD117

Tissue Antigens (англ.)русск. : journal. - 2007. - Vol. 68, no. 6. - P. 509-517. - DOI:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00726.x. - PMID ... CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E). *CD2. *CD3 (γ, δ, ε). *CD4 ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1B3

T cell activation via T cell receptor contact with antigen bound to MHC molecule on antigen presenting cell. • T cell antigen ... CD1 (a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E) · CD2 · CD3 (γ, δ, ε) · CD4 · CD5 · CD6 · CD7 · CD8 (a) · CD9 · CD10 · CD11 (a, b, c, d) · CD13 · CD14 · ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICAM1

Eichler W, Hamann J, Aust G (Nov 1997). "Expression characteristics of the human CD97 antigen". Tissue Antigens. 50 (5): 429-38 ... Hamann J, Wishaupt JO, van Lier RA, Smeets TJ, Breedveld FC, Tak PP (Apr 1999). "Expression of the activation antigen CD97 and ... Tissue Antigens. 57 (4): 325-31. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.057004325.x. PMID 11380941.. ... "Expression cloning and chromosomal mapping of the leukocyte activation antigen CD97, a new seven-span transmembrane molecule of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD97

The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex assemblies. As a member of the wwPDB, the RCSB PDB curates and annotates PDB data according to agreed upon standards. The RCSB PDB also provides a variety of tools and resources. Users can perform simple and advanced searches based on annotations relating to sequence, structure and function. These molecules are visualized, downloaded, and analyzed by users who range from students to specialized scientists.

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/protein/Q5GL29

Antigen presentation by CD1 molecules and the generation of lipid-specific T cell immunity. Cell. Mol. Life Sci.64: 1824-1840. ... Antigen presentation by CD1 lipids, T cells, and NKT cells in microbial immunity. Adv. Immunol.102: 1-94. ... Induction of CD1-restricted immune responses in guinea pigs by immunization with mycobacterial lipid antigens. J. Immunol.169: ... An Alternative Path for Antigen Presentation: Group 1 CD1 Proteins Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ...

http://www.jimmunol.org/content/184/7/3303

Antigens, cd1 explanation free. What is Antigens, cd1? Meaning of Antigens, cd1 medical term. What does Antigens, cd1 mean? ... Looking for online definition of Antigens, cd1 in the Medical Dictionary? ... CD1. (redirected from Antigens, cd1). Also found in: Encyclopedia. CD1. A family of MHC class I-like molecules expressed on the ... Antigens, cd1 , definition of Antigens, cd1 by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Antigens%2c+ ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Antigens%2C+cd1

Functional and structural studies of CD1-lipid complexes, CD1 loading lipid mechanisms and investigation of specific ... Lipids are important antigens that induce T cell-mediated specific immune responses. They are presented to T cells by a class ... Evaluation of lipid neoantigen protective effect in animal models challenged with M. tuberculosis and proof-of-concept that CD1 ... Altogether, lipid antigen properties make them attractive for their use in subunit vaccines against Mtb. ...

http://www.ipbs.fr/glycolipid-antigen-presentation-cd1-restricted-t-cells

Analysis of CD1 Restriction.. CD1 restriction was investigated by inhibiting T cell activation using the following anti-CD1 ... whereas the hydrophilic part of glycolipids is flanked by the two α helices of CD1, which delimit the CD1 antigen-binding ... Antigen Presentation Assays.. CD1+ APCs, CD1b-transfected THP-1 cells, HL-60, U-937, or MonoMac6 (ATCC) were preincubated at 5 ... This was confirmed by lack of presentation when CD1+ APCs were first fixed and then pulsed with the antigen (Fig. 6 C). On the ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/199/5/649

HLA-DR+ leukocytes acquire CD1 antigens in embryonic and fetal human skin and contain functional antigen-presenting cells. ... HLA-DR+ leukocytes acquire CD1 antigens in embryonic and fetal human skin and contain functional antigen-presenting cells ... Skin DCs can be distinguished from macrophages by the expression of CD1 antigens (6, 9, 26). To address whether HLA-DR+ ... Functionally, embryonic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are able to phagocytose antigen, to up-regulate costimulatory molecules ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/206/1/169?ijkey=4d37097373499078ff0955733d5fda3108b8eab4&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

CD1 molecules efficiently present antigen in immature dendritic cells and traffic independently of MHC class II during ... Besides MHC molecules, human DCs prominently express molecules of the CD1 family (CD1a, -b, -c, and -d) and mediate CD1- ... In contrast to the striking increase in surface expression of MHC class II on mature DCs, the surface expression of CD1 ... Thus, DC maturation-independent pathways for lipid Ag presentation by CD1 may play a crucial role in host defense, even before ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12391186/

... lipid-antigen binding and T-cell activation are achieved and the new insights into how lipid antigens differentially elicit CD1 ... The CD1 molecules bind and present amphipathic lipid antigens for recognition by T-cell receptors. Here, we outline the recent ... However, the discovery of MHC-class-I-like CD1 antigen-presentation molecules now explains how the immune system also ... advances in our understanding of how the processes of CD1 assembly, trafficking, ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/CD1-antigen-presentation%3A-how-it-works-Barral-Brenner/c22f356b4f0e1b828a21b818b1198744a33b6846

... implying that a limited pool of CD1 negative EC are induced to express CD1 by IL-1. Induction of CD1 expression on whole and ... Both IL-1 preparations stimulated CD1 expression in whole and CD1-depleted cultures. The optimal dose level for this effect was ... This study examined the effect of organ-culture derived human IL-1, recombinant human IL-1, and purified ILS on CD1 expression ... These results indicate that human IL-1 and an IL-1 inhibitor act in combination to modulate CD1 expression on Langerhans cells ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Interleukin-1-induces-CD1-antigen-expression-on-Walsh-Seymour/bae97b0f7f9ea450a3a34b2c329c8ef3b4756cd2

CD1 molecules are comprised of five isoforms, known as group 1 (CD1a, b, c, e) and group 2 (CD1d) CD1, presenting lipid ... important aspects of the mechanisms controlling the processing and presentation of endogenous and exogenous CD1 lipid antigens ... but also foreign and self-lipids in association with CD1 proteins, which share structural similarities with MHC class I ... antigens to conventional T lymphocytes or innate-like T cells bearing an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) and known as invariant ...

https://www.camsoxford.ox.ac.uk/coi-publications/publications/46149

CD1-restricted T cell recognition of microbial lipoglycan antigens. P. A. Sieling, D. Chatterjee, S. A. Porcelli, T. I. Prigozy ... CD1-restricted T cell recognition of microbial lipoglycan antigens. / Sieling, P. A.; Chatterjee, D.; Porcelli, S. A.; Prigozy ... title = "CD1-restricted T cell recognition of microbial lipoglycan antigens",. abstract = "It has long been the paradigm that T ... Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of CD1-restricted T cell recognition of microbial lipoglycan antigens. Together ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cd1-restricted-t-cell-recognition-of-microbial-lipoglycan-antigen

CD1 and its Antigens. CD1a belongs to a family of CD1 receptor proteins (designated CD1a-d) that are present on the surface of ... Antigen presenting cells use CD1 molecules loaded with a lipid antigen to activate T cells with receptors specific for that ... This is the first such structure of a CD1 molecule with a microbial antigen bound. It is also the first time the structure of a ... Even so, scientists have not been able to identify all of the antigens bound by CD1, and they had a hard time until recently ...

https://www.scripps.edu/newsandviews/e_20050321/wilson.html

TCR binds microbial lipid-based antigen via CD1 (Mus musculus) TCR binds microbial lipid-based antigen via CD1 (Rattus ... 2014). Each of the four CD1 isoforms that directly present antigens to T cells differ in size of the antigen-binding grooves ( ... specific recognition of lipids by TCR occurs when lipid-based antigens form antigenic complexes with CD1 antigen-presenting ... CD1-restricted T cell recognition of microbial lipoglycan antigens Sieling, PA, Chatterjee, D, Porcelli, SA, Prigozy, TI, ...

https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-8850356

Read More ,, With this in download t cell activation by cd1 and lipid antigens, the stem aloe; period; century that is types as ... B and Nlrp3 inflammasome, French for the download t cell activation by cd1 and lipid antigens of LINE-1 updates. It has often ... Read More ,, 67 download t cell activation by cd1 and lipid antigens of APC outcomes is to political hacienda columnist. In the ... chronic download t cell activation by cd1 and lipid antigens in use and Use against significant vitamin in the Certain ...

http://houseoflaurence.com/images/library/download-t-cell-activation-by-cd1-and-lipid-antigens.htm

Regulation of CD1 antigen-presenting complex stability. Together they form a unique fingerprint. * CD1 Antigens Medicine & ... keywords = "Animals, Antigen Presentation, Antigens, CD1, Cell Line, Cell Membrane, Endosomes, HeLa Cells, Histocompatibility ... Regulation of CD1 antigen-presenting complex stability. Artur N Odyniec, Duarte C Barral, Salil Garg, Raju V. V. Tatituri, ... Regulation of CD1 antigen-presenting complex stability. / Odyniec, Artur N; Barral, Duarte C; Garg, Salil; Tatituri, Raju V. V ...

https://novaresearch.unl.pt/en/publications/regulation-of-cd1-antigen-presenting-complex-stability

Alterations in CD1-bound glycolipid antigens may play important roles in the ability of these tumors to evade the hosts ... CD1, has been identified. CD1 molecules have been shown to present glycolipids, such as those derived from Mycobacterium ... CD1 molecules are expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells (e.g., T cells, B cells, macrophages) and are found on a ... Analyses of antigen processing, presentation and host defense have focused on studying pathways in which proteins are degraded ...

https://indiana.pure.elsevier.com/en/projects/b85b499c-5624-48b9-baa9-7a4f42471dae

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of T-cell responses to CD1-presented lipid antigens in humans with Mycobacterium ... T-cell responses to CD1-presented lipid antigens in humans with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/t-cell-responses-to-cd1-presented-lipid-antigens-in-humans-with-m-2/fingerprints/

HLA-E, CD1 and MR1 can present diverse self and foreign antigens to TCRs and therefore contribute to tissue homeostasis, ... Despite presenting different classes of antigens, they share many features and are under common selective pressures. Through ... recognition of antigens presented by relatively non-polymorphic MHC-like molecules is emerging as a significant contributor to ... HLA-E, CD1 and MR1 can present diverse self and foreign antigens to TCRs and therefore contribute to tissue homeostasis, ...

https://www.camsoxford.ox.ac.uk/coi-publications/publications/1048851

Here, we present the results of the first phase of the CD Maps study, mapping the expression of CD1-CD100 (n = 110) on 47 ... Here, we present the results of the first phase of the CD Maps study, mapping the expression of CD1-100 (n=110) on 47 immune ... Antigen-Dependent B-Cell Maturation in Tonsil. Within the total HCA of CD1-CD100 on all cell subsets (Figure 4 and ... One channel was reserved for a PE-labeled drop-in mAb directed against one of the CD1-CD100 antigens (Supplementary Table 2). ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02434/full

Shop a large selection of products and learn more about CD1 Rabbit anti-Human, Clone: JM21-33, Novus Biologicals 100µL 100µL. ... CD1, CD1a antigen, CD1A antigen, a polypeptide, CD1a molecule, cluster of differentiation 1 A, cortical thymocyte antigen CD1A ... differentiation antigen CD1-alpha-3, epidermal dendritic cell marker CD1a, FCB6, HTA1, hTa1 thymocyte antigen, R4, T6, T-cell ... CD1 Monoclonal antibody specifically detects CD1 in Human samples. It is validated for Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry, ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/cd1-rabbit-anti-human-clone-jm21-33-novus-biologicals/NBP267222

II molecules from the lysosomal MHC class II compartment to the plasma membrane to mediate presentation of peptide antigens. ... Besides MHC molecules, dendritic cells also express CD1 … ... CD1 and major histocompatibility complex II molecules follow a ... Besides MHC molecules, dendritic cells also express CD1 molecules that mediate presentation of lipid antigens. Herein, we show ... and lipid antigen-presenting molecules during dendritic cell maturation. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12925770/

Roura-Mir, C & Moody, DB 2003, Sorting out self and microbial lipid antigens for CD1, Microbes and Infection, vol. 5, pp. ... Sorting out self and microbial lipid antigens for CD1. In: Microbes and Infection. 2003 ; Vol. 5. pp. 1137-1148. ... 2003). Sorting out self and microbial lipid antigens for CD1. Microbes and Infection, 5, 1137-1148. ... Sorting out self and microbial lipid antigens for CD1. Microbes and Infection. 2003 Jan 1;5:1137-1148. ...

https://portalrecerca.uab.cat/en/publications/sorting-out-self-and-microbial-lipid-antigens-for-cd1

CD1 and immunoglobulin G Fc receptor (FcγR) genes have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré ... Han M, Hannick LI, Dibrino M, Robinson MA (1999) Polymorphism of human CD1 genes. Tissue Antigens 54(2):122-127CrossRefPubMed ... Liu H, Xing Y, Guo Y, Liu P, Zhang H, Xue B, Shou J, Qian J, Peng J, Wang R (2016) Polymorphisms in exon 2 of CD1 genes are ... Guillain-Barré syndrome CD1 Fcgr Polymorphism Meta-analysis This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10072-018-3563-3

... mice are a BXSB-congenic strain carrying a null mutation of the CD1 antigen complex that abolished both CD1.1 (,i,Cd1d1,/i,) ... These BXSB.Yaa CD1-/- mice may be useful in studying the role of natural killer T cells (NKTs) in spontaneous lupus-like ... BXSB.Yaa CD1-/- (BXSB.,i,Yaa,/i, Cd1d1/Cd1d2-/-) ... Genotype: Cd1tm1Gru/Cd1tm1Gru. B6.129S2-Cd1. cardiovascular ... Also Known As:BXSB-Cd1-/-, CD1-deficient BXSB.Yaa, BXSB.Yaa Cd1d1/Cd1d2-/-, BXSB.Yaa CD1-/-, CD1-. BXSB.Yaa CD1-/- (BXSB.Yaa ...

https://www.jax.org/strain/021565

Anti-CD1 antibody conjugated to Phycoerythrin [76-7-4] validated for IP, IHC, Flow Cyt. Referenced in 1 publication. Immunogen ... Cortical thymocyte antigen CD1A antibody. *Cortical thymocyte antigen CD1B antibody. *Cortical thymocyte antigen CD1C antibody ... CD1 has considerable structural homology with both MHC class I and class II molecules, and CD1 molecules are involved in T cell ... Anti-CD1 antibody [76-7-4] (Phycoerythrin). See all CD1 primary antibodies. ...

https://www.abcam.com/cd1-antibody-76-7-4-phycoerythrin-ab25599.html

Isolation of CD1 genes: a family of major histocompatibility complex-related differentiation antigens. ... The rabbit CD1 and the evolutionary conservation of the CD1 gene family. ... Mouse CD1 is distinct from and co-exists with TL in the same thymus. ... Serum beta 2-microglobulin binds to a T-cell differentiation antigen and increases its expression. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Calabi+F%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

This mechanism permits CD1-mediated presentation of lipids after BCR recognition of even low-affinity antigen, as long as a ... 2004) CD1: Antigen presentation and T cell function. Annu Rev Immunol 22:817-890.. ... 2003) Intracellular pathways of CD1 antigen presentation. Nat Rev Immunol 3:11-22.. ... Antigens, Lipid Preparation, and Microsphere Coating.. The antigens HEL and OVA (both from Sigma), and CGG (Jackson Immuno ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/105/24/8345?ijkey=c27391fcc60faedf3033be39701b19bd5d8cd34a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The antigen recognized was present on immature thymocytes but not mature T cells; it was expressed by B cells and monocytes but ... The mAb may recognize the product of a previously unrecognized bovine CD1 gene and should be considered as a novel bovine mAb ... 6.2 A new bovine leukocyte antigen cluster comprising two monoclonal antibodies, CC43 and CC118, possibly related to CD1 ... 6.2 A new bovine leukocyte antigen cluster comprising two monoclonal antibodies, CC43 and CC118, possibly related to CD1 ...

https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/732505

1999) CD1-restricted microbial lipid antigen-specific recognition found in the CD8+ alpha beta T cell pool. J Immunol 162(1): ... 2007) CD1 antigen presentation: How it works. Nat Rev Immunol 7(12):929-941. ... Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) proteins are a family of MHC class I-like glycoproteins that present lipid antigens to T ... In striking difference to other known antigen-presenting CD1 proteins, the F′ channel in these structures showed a widely open ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/113/9/E1266

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD1E

Because this and related proteins were among the first human lymphocyte markers identified with the newly invented mAb technology, they entered the immunological lexicon as the first cluster of differentiation molecules or "CD1. (jimmunol.org)
If the function of the polymorphic MHC class I proteins was to present peptides with different sequences to the immune system, was it possible that the CD1 proteins were also Ag-presenting molecules? (jimmunol.org)
Were there circulating T cells that would recognize CD1 molecules? (jimmunol.org)
These antigens are amphipatic molecules comprised of a hydrophilic cap bound to aliphatic hydrocarbon chains. (rupress.org)
Specific T cells recognize complexes formed by individual glycolipids associated with dedicated antigen-presenting molecules belonging to the CD1 family. (rupress.org)
CD1 molecules resemble MHC class I antigen-presenting molecules as they associate with β2-microglobulin and assume an MHC class I-like tertiary conformation. (rupress.org)
Functionally, embryonic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are able to phagocytose antigen, to up-regulate costimulatory molecules upon culture, and to efficiently stimulate T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. (rupress.org)
Besides MHC molecules, human DCs prominently express molecules of the CD1 family (CD1a, -b, -c, and -d) and mediate CD1-dependent presentation of lipid and glycolipid Ags to T cells, but the impact of DC maturation upon CD1 trafficking and Ag presentation is unknown. (nih.gov)
Using monocyte-derived immature DCs and those stimulated with TNF-alpha for maturation, we observed that none of the CD1 isoforms underwent changes in intracellular trafficking that mimicked MHC class II molecules during DC maturation. (nih.gov)
In contrast to the striking increase in surface expression of MHC class II on mature DCs, the surface expression of CD1 molecules was either increased only slightly (for CD1b and CD1c) or decreased (for CD1a). (nih.gov)
However, the discovery of MHC-class-I-like CD1 antigen-presentation molecules now explains how the immune system also recognizes the abundant and diverse universe of lipid-containing antigens. (semanticscholar.org)
The CD1 molecules bind and present amphipathic lipid antigens for recognition by T-cell receptors. (semanticscholar.org)
It is well established that different populations of alphabeta T lymphocytes can recognize not only peptides in the context of MHC class I and class II molecules, but also foreign and self-lipids in association with CD1 proteins, which share structural similarities with MHC class I molecules. (ox.ac.uk)
CD1 molecules are comprised of five isoforms, known as group 1 (CD1a, b, c, e) and group 2 (CD1d) CD1, presenting lipid antigens to conventional T lymphocytes or innate-like T cells bearing an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) and known as invariant NKT (iNKT) cells. (ox.ac.uk)
It has long been the paradigm that T cells recognize peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (elsevier.com)
However, nonpeptide antigens can be presented to T cells by human CD1b molecules, which are not encoded by the MHC. (elsevier.com)
Thus, an important class of microbial molecules, the lipoglycans, is a part of the universe of foreign antigens recognized by human T cells. (elsevier.com)
It presents T cells in the immune system with specific lipid antigens (fatty molecules that are components of the bacteria). (scripps.edu)
Antigen presenting cells use CD1 molecules loaded with a lipid antigen to activate T cells with receptors specific for that antigen. (scripps.edu)
Last year, Branch Moody, a collaborator of Wilson and Zajonc's at Harvard Medical School, identified a new class of bacterial antigens presented by CD1a molecules: a lipopeptide, which is part lipid and part amino acid. (scripps.edu)
TCRs are able to recognize as antigens a large variety of molecules including peptides, lipids, and vitamin metabolites (Moody DB et al. (reactome.org)
While TCR responds to peptides when they are presented by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded class I or II molecules, specific recognition of lipids by TCR occurs when lipid-based antigens form antigenic complexes with CD1 antigen-presenting molecules (Garboczi DN et al. (reactome.org)
T cells recognize both endogenous and exogenous (derived from intracellular microbial pathogens) lipid antigens bound to CD1 molecules (Mattner J et al. (reactome.org)
For major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules, the binding of specific peptide antigens is essential for assembly and trafficking and is at the center of their quality control mechanism. (unl.pt)
CD1 molecules have been shown to present glycolipids, such as those derived from Mycobacterium species, rather than peptides, to T cells. (elsevier.com)
CD1 molecules are expressed on the surface of hematopoietic cells (e.g. (elsevier.com)
Assess the role of the intracellular trafficking and cell surface turnover of CD1 molecules in their recognition by NKT cells, 2. (elsevier.com)
T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of antigens presented by relatively non-polymorphic MHC-like molecules is emerging as a significant contributor to health and disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Human leukocyte differentiation antigen (HLDA) workshops have led to the characterization and formal designation of more than 400 surface molecules ( 7 , 8 ), known as CD molecules ( www.hcdm.org ). (frontiersin.org)
The maturation of dendritic cells is accompanied by the redistribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules from the lysosomal MHC class II compartment to the plasma membrane to mediate presentation of peptide antigens. (nih.gov)
Besides MHC molecules, dendritic cells also express CD1 molecules that mediate presentation of lipid antigens. (nih.gov)
Thus, the constitutive endocytosis of CD1b molecules and the differential sorting of MHC class II from lysosomes separate peptide- and lipid antigen-presenting molecules during dendritic cell maturation. (nih.gov)
During the development of immune responses BCR-mediated uptake of antigen allows for its concentration and delivery to specialized late endosomes containing newly synthesized MHC class II molecules ( 7 ). (pnas.org)
However, it is now evident that T cells are also able to recognize and respond to antigenic lipids and glycolipids, presented by CD1 molecules ( 8 ). (pnas.org)
The human CD1 gene family is composed of five nonpolymorphic genes ( CD1A , CD1B , CD1C , CD1D , and CD1E ) ( 9 ), whereas mice express only CD1d molecules. (pnas.org)
In a manner similar to MHC class II molecules, CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of antigenic lipids on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) after they are loaded or processed in intracellular compartments ( 10 ). (pnas.org)
All CD1 molecules, except CD1e, are cell surface glycoproteins that are structurally related to the MHC molecules, however, in distinction, CD1 proteins are essentially non polymorphic. (abcam.com)
CD1 has considerable structural homology with both MHC class I and class II molecules, and CD1 molecules are involved in T cell activation. (abcam.com)
In contrast to MHC, however, CD1 molecules appear to present predominantly non peptide molecules originating from lipids and glycolipids. (abcam.com)
LCs employ I-A molecules for presentation of peptide antigens to CD4 T cells. (jci.org)
These findings have changed our classic view that T cells recognize only peptide antigens presented by MHC class I or class II molecules. (jci.org)
CD1d is the only member of the group 2 CD1 molecules. (wikipedia.org)
CD1 molecules, like MHC I and II, play an equally important role in the immune system by presenting lipid, glycolipid and lipopeptide antigen to T and NKT cells. (novusbio.com)
Constitutive endocytosis of CD1B molecules and the differential sorting of MHC class II from lysosomes separate peptide- and lipid antigen-presenting molecules during dendritic cell maturation. (novusbio.com)
Dendritic Cells (DCs) recognize infectious non-self molecules and engage the adaptive immune system thereby initiating long lasting, antigen-specific responses. (nature.com)
A major histocompatibility (MHC)-like protein, CD1, binds certain types of lipid molecules and presents them to T cells or NK cells [ 2 ]. (mdpi.com)
Unlike classical T cells, NKT cells recognize lipid antigen in the context of CD1 molecules 2 . (jove.com)
Natural killer T (NKT) cells can recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1 molecules. (nih.gov)
NKT lymphocytes are a potent immunoregulatory arm of the innate immune system that recognize glycolipid antigens presented on the nonpolymorphic MHC-class I-like CD1d molecules. (jove.com)
Winau and colleagues investigate three principal pillars of antigen presentation including helper molecules of processing (saposins, e.g.), entire presentation pathways (cross-priming, NKT cell activation), and the biology of antigen presenting cells (dendritic cells, stellate cells). (childrenshospital.org)
Thus, saposins facilitate loading of lipid antigens on CD1 molecules for the activation of CD1-restricted T cells which play an important role in tuberculosis but also in other infectious diseases and pathological conditions. (childrenshospital.org)
Selection of peptides from the processing of proteins leading to their interaction with histocompatibility (MHC) molecules is the first and central step in antigen presentation, the processs that leads to recruitment and activation of T lymphocytes. (scielosp.org)
Variables that influence T cell selections include: the dissociation rate of peptides bound to MHC molecules, the density of pMHC on the APC, competition and cooperativity among T cell clones, the intrinsic adjuvanticity of the antigen, the T cell repertoire developed in the thymus, and the regulatory interactions that expand or limit the T cell repertoire. (scielosp.org)
CD1 genes encode cell surface molecules that present lipid antigens to various kinds of T lymphocytes of the immune system. (exeter.ac.uk)
The structures of CD1 genes and molecules are like the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I system, the loading of antigen and the tissue distribution for CD1 molecules are like those in the class II system, and phylogenetic analyses place CD1 between class I and class II sequences, altogether leading to the notion that CD1 is a third ancient system of antigen presentation molecules. (exeter.ac.uk)
In this review, we recount a little history of the field so far and then consider what has been learned about the structure and functional attributes of CD1 genes and molecules in marsupials, birds and reptiles. (exeter.ac.uk)

Mouse CD1d ( 24 ) and human CD1a ( 25 ) have glycolipid-binding capacities different from CD1b and it has been proposed that each CD1 molecule has evolved the capacity to present unique types of lipid antigens ( 18 ). (rupress.org)
At 7 wk EGA, some epidermal cells already express HLA-DR, but not CD1a or Lag antigen, a component of Birbeck granules, which appear at ∼12 wk EGA ( 16 , 19 ). (rupress.org)
CD1a belongs to a family of CD1 receptor proteins (designated CD1a-d) that are present on the surface of two types of immune system cells known as Langerhans and dendritic cells. (scripps.edu)
Not surprisingly, waves of immunologists have studied CD1a and other CD1 proteins, and to date studies have examined these proteins in every sort of mammal from mice to humans. (scripps.edu)
But the scientists wanted to solve a structure of CD1a with a microbial antigen attached to get a glimpse of how CD1 activates a T cell. (scripps.edu)
Humans express five functional CD1 isotypes (CD1a-e), with CD1e being the only member that does not directly present antigens to T cells (Calabi F et al. (reactome.org)
2005). CD1a, CD1b, CD1c and CD1d are surface expressed proteins that can be found on the plasma membranes of antigen-presenting cells (APC) (Dougan SK et al. (reactome.org)
CD1a mediates the presentation of nonpeptide antigens to T cells, while langerin facilitates uptake of microbial fragments and perhaps their delivery to a specialized subcellular compartment. (jci.org)
CD1E+Antigen at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Human CD1A genome location and CD1A gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. (wikipedia.org)
The CD1 multigene family encodes five forms of the CD1 T-cell surface glycoprotein in human, designated CD1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E. (novusbio.com)
Sulfatide binds to MHC class I-like CD1 group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c) and group 2 (CD1d) glycoproteins and presented to T cells [2] . (plos.org)
Clone REA736 recognizes the human CD1a antigen, a 40 kDa type I membrane glycoprotein, also known as T6 or Leu-6, which is a member of the immunglobulin superfamily. (miltenyibiotec.com)
CD1a plays a role in antigen presentation by binding lipid and glycolipid antigens and presenting them to T cell receptors on natural killer T cells. (miltenyibiotec.com)
1990) Possible mechanism of action of CD1a antigens. (miltenyibiotec.com)
Similar to MHC class I, CD1a associates with the beta2-microglobulin and is thought to play a role in antigen presentation. (fishersci.com)
CD1A functions as an antigen-presenting protein that binds self and non-self lipid and glycolipid antigens and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural killer T-cells. (nih.gov)

Surprisingly, however, the mouse contains no group 1 CD1 genes but has two group 2 CD1d genes, whereas the rat contains only one CD1d, and other rodents and mammals may contain 8-12 group 1 CD1 genes. (jimmunol.org)
In this study we demonstrate that specific BCR uptake of CD1d-restricted antigens represents an effective means of enhancing invariant natural killer T (iNKT)-dependent B cell responses in vivo . (pnas.org)
This mechanism is effective over a wide range of antigen affinities but depends on exceeding a tightly regulated avidity threshold necessary for BCR-mediated internalization and CD1d-dependent presentation of particulate antigenic lipid. (pnas.org)
CD1D is the human gene that encodes the protein CD1d, a member of the CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. (wikipedia.org)
CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate a special class of T cells, known as natural killer T (NKT) cells, through the interaction with the T-cell receptor present on NKT membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Stephanie Dougan received her PhD in immunology from Harvard University in 2007 after studying NKT cells and CD1d antigen presentation with Dr. Richard Blumberg. (dana-farber.org)
We also showed that CD1d was expressed in primary multiple myeloma cells at mRNA and protein levels from the majority of multiple myeloma patients, but not in normal plasma cells and multiple myeloma cell lines, and CD1d + primary multiple myeloma cells presented antigens to activate iNKT cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
Unlike conventional T cells that recognize peptide antigens, iNKT cells recognize glycolipid ligands presented by a nonpolymorphic MHC class I-like antigen-presenting molecule CD1d and are characterized by their capacity to rapidly produce large amounts of immunoregulatory cytokines ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Since the engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) by CD1d-antigen complexes is a fundamental requirement of NKT cell activation, antigen: CD1d-Ig complexes provide a reliable method to isolate, activate, and expand effector NKT cell populations. (jove.com)
Together, these findings indicate that CD1d-dependent activation of NKT cells aggravates atherosclerosis and that lack of CD1d, the restriction element for presentation of lipid antigens to NKT cells, leads to reduced lesions in a mouse model of human atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
Presentation of antigens via cell-surface glycoproteins, such as MHC-I and CD1d, elicits an immune response. (bham.ac.uk)

In two subsequent papers, it was established first that a microbial Ag could be presented by a CD1 molecule ( 6 ) and then that the foreign Ag was a lipid ( 7 ). (jimmunol.org)
With the exception of mannophosphoisoprenoids, which stimulate CD1c-restricted T cells, all known antigens are presented by the CD1b molecule. (rupress.org)
The hallmark of T cell activation is the direct binding of T-cell receptor (TCR) to an antigen that is presented by an antigen-presenting molecule. (reactome.org)
Recently, a novel pathway for antigen presentation to T cells by the major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule, CD1, has been identified. (elsevier.com)
MHC class I-related molecule MR1 presents riboflavin- and folate-related metabolites to mucosal-associated invariant T cells, but it is unknown whether MR1 can present alternative antigens to other T cell lineages. (elifesciences.org)
TCR γ/δ is involved in the recognition of certain bacterial, self-CD1 molecule, and tumor antigens bound to MHC class I. The γ/δ TCR associates with CD3 and is expressed on a subset of T cells found in the thymus, the intestinal epithelium, and the peripheral lymphoid tissues and peritoneum. (biolegend.com)

We previously described that some mycobacterial glycolipid antigens must be processed, however the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. (ipbs.fr)
Alterations in CD1-bound glycolipid antigens may play important roles in the ability of these tumors to evade the host's antitumor immune response. (elsevier.com)
The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. (wikipedia.org)
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, soluble binds diacetylated lipids, including phosphatidyl inositides and diacylated sulfoglycolipids, and is required for the presentation of glycolipid antigens on the cell surface. (genecards.org)
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, soluble is required for the presentation of glycolipid antigens on the cell surface. (hmdb.ca)

Lipids are important antigens that induce T cell-mediated specific immune responses. (ipbs.fr)
Despite the highly diverse and abundant lipid content in the mycobacterial cell envelope, only a few of these lipids have been shown to stimulate CD1-restricted T cells. (ipbs.fr)
Therefore, a protective response requires activation of antigen-specific T cells, which may recognize different types of ligands such as microbial peptides or lipids ( 1 - 3 ). (rupress.org)
Scientists would like to know the full range of lipids that CD1 binds and presents to other immune cells and the structure of CD1 loaded with antigen bound to a T cell receptor. (scripps.edu)
Foreign lipid antigens are extremely diverse chemically and include naturally occurring lipopeptide, glycolipids and phospholipid structures that are distinct from mammalian lipids (Moran A 2009). (reactome.org)
Importantly, this technology allows simultaneous detection of serum antibody activities among the three major classes of antigens, i.e. , lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. (mdpi.com)
He is especially interested in the role of lipids in Immunology, acting as antigens or regulators of immune responses. (childrenshospital.org)

This apparent bias to CD1b restriction might derive from the unique capacity of CD1b to recycle in the late endosomal or lysosomal compartments ( 21 , 22 ) and from the organization of its antigen-binding pockets ( 23 ). (rupress.org)
2009). They include CD1b-restricted foreign lipid antigens such as lipoarabinomannan (LAM), lipomannan (LM), phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIM), mycolic acid, glucose monomycolate (GMM), glycerol monomycolate and diacylated sulpholipids (Sieling PA et al. (reactome.org)
We demonstrated that saposin C is able to extract lipid antigens from intralysosomal membranes and additionally is capable of binding to CD1b. (childrenshospital.org)

CD1, a type 1 membrane protein, has structural similarity to the MHC class I antigen and has been shown to present lipid antigens for recognition by T lymphocytes. (novusbio.com)
By harvesting as few as 200 primary lymphocytes from animals that are at the peak of an immune response, and by transfer of the nucleus from such antigen specific lymphocytes into an enucleated oocyte, embryonic stem cells that harbor the genetic rearrangements encoding the original antigen receptor may be obtained and used for the construction of transnuclear mice. (dana-farber.org)
Cellular immunity involves specialized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) which recognize and kill other cells which produce non-self antigens. (google.com)
Studies using antithymocyte globulin (ATG), and more recently the use of monoclonal antibodies to deplete T lymphocytes, revealed that contaminating mature T cells from the donor recognize the recipient's histocompatibility antigens. (hindawi.com)
The Winau lab studies diverse aspects of antigen presentation, a process pivotal for activation of T-lymphocytes. (childrenshospital.org)
Gamma delta T (γδT) lymphocytes have both cytotoxic and professional antigen-presenting capacity ( 1-4 ), but have been relatively overlooked in terms of their potential role as mediators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), particularly in the context of mAb treatments of cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
Recognition of Leishmania antigens by T lymphocytes from non-exposed individuals. (medigraphic.com)
Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36 , and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes . (springer.com)

Mori L, Lepore M, Libero GD (2016) The immunology of CD1- and MR1-restricted T cells. (springer.com)

CD1 Monoclonal antibody specifically detects CD1 in Human samples. (fishersci.com)
To elicit antibody production, B cells must be activated in a process that is initiated through specific antigen recognition by the B cell receptor (BCR) ( 1 ). (pnas.org)
There are currently no images for CD1.1 antigen Antibody (NBP1-28362). (novusbio.com)
To expand the full repertoire of γδT without bias toward specific TCRs, we made use of artificial antigen-presenting cells loaded with an anti γδTCR antibody that promoted unbiased expansion of the γδT repertoire. (aacrjournals.org)
This study was designed to reexamine the efficacy of diethylcarbamazine for bancroftian filariasis with special reference to changes in serum parasite antigen levels and antifilarial antibody titers after treatment. (ajtmh.org)
IgG antibody titers to adult and microfilarial antigens of B. malayi were increased 1 month after treatment in most patients. (ajtmh.org)
and (c) anti-CD1 monoclonal antibody treatment of wild-type mice prevented ACAID development. (nih.gov)

CD1 and immunoglobulin G Fc receptor (FcγR) genes have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). (springer.com)
The murine CD1 locus is composed of two closely linked genes, CD1.1 ( Cd1d1 ) and CD1.2 ( Cd1d2 ), arranged in opposite transcriptional orientations and separated by an ~9 kbp intergenic region. (jax.org)
The human genome contains five CD1 family genes organized in a cluster on chromosome 1. (wikipedia.org)
The genes encoding this antigen were found to be derived from human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) type E and were expressed in RCC cell lines and fresh RCC tissue but not in normal kidney or other tissues. (iayork.com)
Location, location, location: the evolutionary history of CD1 genes and the NKR-P1/ligand systems. (exeter.ac.uk)
However, thus far, CD1 genes have only been described in mammals, birds and reptiles, leaving major questions as to their origin and evolution. (exeter.ac.uk)
We describe the central conundrum of CD1 evolution, the genomic location of CD1 genes in the MHC and/or MHC paralogous regions in different animals, considering the three models of evolutionary history that have been proposed. (exeter.ac.uk)

It has been reported that γ/δ T cells also play a principal role in antigen presentation. (biolegend.com)

In the CD1-glycolipid complex the alkyl chains of glycolipids are embedded inside deep hydrophobic pockets, whereas the hydrophilic part of glycolipids is flanked by the two α helices of CD1, which delimit the CD1 antigen-binding groove. (rupress.org)
The best studied lipid antigens of microbial origin are glycolipids derived from the cell envelope of Mycobacteria species (De Libero G et al. (reactome.org)
The soluble form is required for the intracellular processing of some glycolipids into a form that can be presented by other CD1 family members. (wikipedia.org)
CD1 restricted T cells recognise glycolipids, which are highly abundant components of the mycobacterial cell wall. (bmj.com)

Molecular mechanisms of lipid antigens processing: functional and structural studies of CD1e, definition of the repertoire of lipid-derived epitopes, characterization of lysosomal enzymatic activities involved in the generation of lipid epitopes. (ipbs.fr)

Functional and structural studies of CD1-lipid complexes, CD1 loading lipid mechanisms and investigation of specific recognition by the TCRs. (ipbs.fr)
HLA-E, CD1 and MR1 can present diverse self and foreign antigens to TCRs and therefore contribute to tissue homeostasis, pathogen defence, inflammation and immune responses to cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
CD1 proteins are expressed on dendritic cells, where they display lipid antigens to T-cell receptors (TCRs). (rug.nl)
Unlike patterns for MHC I, no archetypical binding footprint is predicted to be shared by CD1c-reactive TCRs, even when recognizing the same or similar antigens. (rcsb.org)

Currently our group investigates the precise mechanism as to how saposins mediate antigen delivery by disintegration of apoptotic vesicles. (childrenshospital.org)
Significantly, CD1-reactive NKT cells were not required for intravenously induced systemic tolerance, thereby establishing that different mechanisms mediate development of tolerance to antigens inoculated by these routes. (nih.gov)

The potential of this technology is illustrated by its use in revealing a broad-spectrum of pre-existing anti-lipid antibodies in blood circulation and monitoring the epitope spreading of autoantibody reactivities among protein, carbohydrate, and lipid antigens in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (mdpi.com)
and, wherein said protein comprises an antigen or immunogenic fragment thereof. (google.com)
set out to identify the protein previously known as the tip-link antigen (TLA). (jneurosci.org)

CD1c is a member of the group 1 CD1 family of proteins that are specialized for lipid antigen presentation. (rcsb.org)
Here we present a comprehensive functional and molecular analysis of αβ T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of CD1c presenting mycobacterial phosphomycoketide antigens. (rcsb.org)

As antibodies are designed to specifically recognize and eliminate invading antigens, they are effective weapons used by the immune system to combat infection. (pnas.org)
Humoral immunity involves antibodies that directly bind to antigens. (google.com)

T cells recognize a diverse range of potential antigens through their highly polymorphic T cell receptor (TCR). (pnas.org)

Only few bacterial CD1 ligands have been identified to date. (rupress.org)
Even so, scientists have not been able to identify all of the antigens bound by CD1, and they had a hard time until recently elucidating the structural details of this important family of proteins bound to a bacterial antigen. (scripps.edu)
Bacterial strain, lipid antigens, and mouse strains. (asm.org)

DCs are equipped with molecular sensors and antigen-processing machinery to recognize pathogens, integrate chemical information and guide the specificity, magnitude and polarity of immune responses. (biomedsearch.com)
One of the challenges faced by the infant immune system is learning to distinguish the myriad of foreign but nonthreatening antigens encountered from those expressed by true pathogens. (hindawi.com)

Hence, CD1 receptor recognition is vital for defense against common bacteria. (scripps.edu)
This process is initiated by specific recognition of antigen through the B cell receptor (BCR), leading to early intracellular signaling followed by the late recruitment of T cell help. (pnas.org)
The activation of a naive T-Cell requires two signals: ligation of the TCR (T-Cell Receptor) with the MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)/peptide complex on the APC (Antigen Presenting Cell). (qiagen.com)
iNKT cells display an extremely restricted T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire in humans consisting of a specific Vα24-Jα18 chain rearrangement preferentially paired with a Vβ11 chain. (aacrjournals.org)

2014). Each of the four CD1 isoforms that directly present antigens to T cells differ in size of the antigen-binding grooves (Zajonc DM et al. (reactome.org)
Following assembly with β2-microglobulin in the endoplasmic reticulum, all CD1 isoforms are transported to the cell surface but are subsequently delivered to distinct endosomal and/or lysosomal compartments. (jci.org)
The isoforms of protocadherin-15 had distinct C-terminal domains (CD1, CD2, and CD3). (jneurosci.org)

Roura-Mir, C & Moody, DB 2003, ' Sorting out self and microbial lipid antigens for CD1 ', Microbes and Infection , vol. 5, pp. 1137-1148. (uab.cat)

However, the role of lipid antigen binding in stabilization and quality control of CD1 heavy chain (HC).beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) complexes is unclear. (unl.pt)
This gene encodes a member of the CD1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins, which are structurally related to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins and form heterodimers with beta-2-microglobulin. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we present evidence that the stability of each CD1 HC.beta(2)m complex is determined by the distinct pH optima identical to that of the intracellular compartments in which each CD1 isoform resides. (unl.pt)
Specific antigen engagement initiates two BCR-mediated processes: the transmission of intracellular signals regulating entry into cell cycle ( 2 , 3 ) and antigen internalization before its processing and presentation in association with MHC to specific T cells ( 4 ). (pnas.org)
Moody, D.B. and S.A. Porcelli, Intracellular pathways of CD1 antigen presentation . (springer.com)

CD1 is a ligand for T cell subpopulation, is present in intestinal epithelium adjacent to GALT, possibly involved in epithelial immunity. (thefreedictionary.com)
These are professional antigen presenting cells that play an important role in innate immunity by activating other immune cells in the body during an infection. (scripps.edu)
Use of minimal disseminated disease and immunity to NPM-ALK antigen to stratify ALK-positive ALCL patients with different prognosis. (biomedsearch.com)
A couple weeks ago I was having a chat with a friend about cancer immunity (as one so often does) and he asked if the Holy Grail of cancer immunity would be to identify tumor antigens. (iayork.com)
A central role of phagocytes, particularly dendritic cells (DC), in the generation of adaptive immunity is that of antigen presentation. (asmscience.org)

Once an inactive T cell binds to CD1, it will become activated and unleash a torrent of action aimed at clearing the infectious agent. (scripps.edu)

Recent advances in processing and presentation of CD1 bound lipid antigens. (semanticscholar.org)
About 10 years ago, a group of scientists at Harvard Medical School identified the first antigen bound by CD1, and since then several others have been identified. (scripps.edu)
Although stable at acidic endosomal pH, complexes are only stable at cell surface pH 7.4 when bound to specific lipid antigens. (unl.pt)
Our hypothesis is that alterations in the natural glycolipid ligands bound to CD1 in hematopoietic tumor cells affect their recognition by NKT cells. (elsevier.com)

As a skin resident member of the DC family of APCs, Langerhans cells (LCs) initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses to skin-relevant antigens, thereby acting as immunological sentinels. (jci.org)
Dendritic cells are highly adapted to their role of presenting antigen and directing immune responses. (biomedsearch.com)
ref. 22 ) can alter the immunosuppressive milieu and aid in the initiation of antigen-specific immune responses ( 17 , 18 ). (aacrjournals.org)
We show that therapeutic administration of reovirus overrides tumor-associated antigen presentation abnormalities before initiating tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)

Evaluation of lipid neoantigen protective effect in animal models challenged with M. tuberculosis and proof-of-concept that CD1-restricted T cells can protect against mycobacterial infection. (ipbs.fr)
The influence of age and Rhodococcus equi infection on CD1 expression by equine antigen presenting cells. (semanticscholar.org)
The related β-D-glucopyranosylceramide is accumulated in antigen-presenting cells after infection, where it serves to activate invariant NKTs (iNKTs), a special kind of NKT. (wikipedia.org)

During the last couple of years, several papers have been published describing important aspects of the mechanisms controlling the processing and presentation of endogenous and exogenous CD1 lipid antigens, which will be the main focus of this review. (ox.ac.uk)

Thus, DC maturation-independent pathways for lipid Ag presentation by CD1 may play a crucial role in host defense, even before DCs are able to induce maximum activation of peptide Ag-specific T cells. (nih.gov)
Analyses of antigen processing, presentation and host defense have focused on studying pathways in which proteins are degraded into small peptides that are subsequently presented to the immune system. (elsevier.com)

Interleukin 1 induces CD1 antigen expression on human gingival epithelial cells. (semanticscholar.org)
Also provided is a method of inducing an anti-tumor immune response in an animal in need of such treatment, comprising the step of: contacting skin of said animal topically by applying to said skin an immunologically effective concentration of a vector encoding a gene which encodes an antigen which induces an anti-tumor effect in said animal following administration. (google.com)

There are hundreds of tumor antigens known. (iayork.com)

Despite presenting different classes of antigens, they share many features and are under common selective pressures. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy29

Organisms10

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs157

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes31

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care3

Immunohistochemical localization of CD1a-positive putative dendritic cells in human breast tumours. (1/894)

Long-term culture of human CD34(+) progenitors with FLT3-ligand, thrombopoietin, and stem cell factor induces extensive amplification of a CD34(-)CD14(-) and a CD34(-)CD14(+) dendritic cell precursor. (2/894)

Biochemical characterization of CD1d expression in the absence of beta2-microglobulin. (3/894)

T cell-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian-human immunodeficiency viruses are readily transmitted by vaginal inoculation of rhesus macaques, and Langerhans' cells of the female genital tract are infected with SIV. (4/894)

Expression of the nlsLacz gene in dendritic cells derived from retrovirally transduced peripheral blood CD34+ cells. (5/894)

Expression of CD1d2 on thymocytes is not sufficient for the development of NK T cells in CD1d1-deficient mice. (6/894)

Juvenile hemochromatosis locus maps to chromosome 1q. (7/894)

Immunolocalization of CD1d in human intestinal epithelial cells and identification of a beta2-microglobulin-associated form. (8/894)

Antigens

Antigens, CD

Antigens, CD8

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, CD3

Antigens, Surface

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, CD38

Antigens, CD34

Antigens, CD19

Antigens, CD40

CD40 Ligand

Antigens, CD20

Antigens, Viral

Antigens, CD28

Antigens, CD44

Antigens, CD7

Antigens, CD14

Antigens, CD2

CD4-CD8 Ratio

Antigens, CD5

Antigens, Differentiation

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, CD1

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Antigens, CD56

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase

Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic

Antigens, CD80

Antigens, CD53

Antigens, CD24

Antigens, CD13

Antigens, Protozoan

T-Lymphocytes

Antigens, CD86

Flow Cytometry

B-Lymphocytes

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Antigens, CD95

HLA Antigens

Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte

Antigens, CD45

Immunophenotyping

NAD+ Nucleosidase

Antigens, Fungal

Molecular Sequence Data

H-2 Antigens

Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3

Antigens, Helminth

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Antigens, CD18

Lymphocyte Activation

Antigens, CD30

Membrane Glycoproteins

CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes

Epitopes

Antigens, CD9

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

HLA-DR Antigens

Antigens, CD15

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

Cell Line

Antigens, CD43

Antigens, CD36

Amino Acid Sequence

Antigens, CD11

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Histocompatibility Antigens

Antigens, CD59

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Antigens, CD57

Antigens, CD70

Antigens, CD46

Lectins, C-Type

Antigens, CD58

Antigens, CD4

Antigens, CD47

Antigens, CD11b