Antigen antibody complex. Medical search

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Partial immunoglobulin molecules resulting from selective cleavage by proteolytic enzymes or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Those hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Polyomavirus antigens which cause infection and cellular transformation. The large T antigen is necessary for the initiation of viral DNA synthesis, repression of transcription of the early region and is responsible in conjunction with the middle T antigen for the transformation of primary cells. Small T antigen is necessary for the completion of the productive infection cycle.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.

Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The major group of transplantation antigens in the mouse.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Those proteins recognized by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumors induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Molecules on the surface of T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with antigens. The receptors are non-covalently associated with a complex of several polypeptides collectively called CD3 antigens (ANTIGENS, CD3). Recognition of foreign antigen and the major histocompatibility complex is accomplished by a single heterodimeric antigen-receptor structure, composed of either alpha-beta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA) or gamma-delta (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA) chains.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.

Large, transmembrane, non-covalently linked glycoproteins (alpha and beta). Both chains can be polymorphic although there is more structural variation in the beta chains. The class II antigens in humans are called HLA-D ANTIGENS and are coded by a gene on chromosome 6. In mice, two genes named IA and IE on chromosome 17 code for the H-2 antigens. The antigens are found on B-lymphocytes, macrophages, epidermal cells, and sperm and are thought to mediate the competence of and cellular cooperation in the immune response. The term IA antigens used to refer only to the proteins encoded by the IA genes in the mouse, but is now used as a generic term for any class II histocompatibility antigen.

Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.

IMMUNOGLOBULINS on the surface of B-LYMPHOCYTES. Their MESSENGER RNA contains an EXON with a membrane spanning sequence, producing immunoglobulins in the form of type I transmembrane proteins as opposed to secreted immunoglobulins (ANTIBODIES) which do not contain the membrane spanning segment.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

A form of antibodies consisting only of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains (FV FRAGMENTS), connected by a small linker peptide. They are less immunogenic than complete immunoglobulin and thus have potential therapeutic use.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Antibodies that inhibit the reaction between ANTIGEN and other antibodies or sensitized T-LYMPHOCYTES (e.g., antibodies of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G class that compete with IGE antibodies for antigen, thereby blocking an allergic response). Blocking antibodies that bind tumors and prevent destruction of tumor cells by CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES have also been called enhancing antibodies. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. In the blood the antigen is found on the surface of NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. In addition, CD15 antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen.

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

Sets of cell surface antigens located on BLOOD CELLS. They are usually membrane GLYCOPROTEINS or GLYCOLIPIDS that are antigenically distinguished by their carbohydrate moieties.

Differentiation antigens found on thymocytes and on cytotoxic and suppressor T-lymphocytes. CD8 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are associative recognition elements in MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex) Class I-restricted interactions.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A specific HLA-A surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-A*02 allele family.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Antibodies that can catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions. They are characterized by high substrate specificity and share many mechanistic features with enzymes.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Membrane glycoproteins consisting of an alpha subunit and a BETA 2-MICROGLOBULIN beta subunit. In humans, highly polymorphic genes on CHROMOSOME 6 encode the alpha subunits of class I antigens and play an important role in determining the serological specificity of the surface antigen. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and are generally detected by their reactivity with alloantisera. These antigens are recognized during GRAFT REJECTION and restrict cell-mediated lysis of virus-infected cells.

Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

High-molecular weight glycoproteins uniquely expressed on the surface of LEUKOCYTES and their hemopoietic progenitors. They contain a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase activity which plays a role in intracellular signaling from the CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. The CD45 antigens occur as multiple isoforms that result from alternative mRNA splicing and differential usage of three exons.

Molecules on the surface of B- and T-lymphocytes that recognize and combine with specific antigens.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

Antigens of the virion of the HEPATITIS B VIRUS or the Dane particle, its surface (HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGENS), core (HEPATITIS B CORE ANTIGENS), and other associated antigens, including the HEPATITIS B E ANTIGENS.

Human immune-response or Class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-D locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -DR, -DQ and -DP designations, of which HLA-DR is most studied; some of these glycoproteins are associated with certain diseases, possibly of immune etiology.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids. These antibodies are characteristically found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC;), ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; related autoimmune diseases, some non-autoimmune diseases, and also in healthy individuals.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.

Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Glycoproteins expressed on cortical thymocytes and on some dendritic cells and B-cells. Their structure is similar to that of MHC Class I and their function has been postulated as similar also. CD1 antigens are highly specific markers for human LANGERHANS CELLS.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Unique genetically-controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Antigens stimulating the formation of, or combining with heterophile antibodies. They are cross-reacting antigens found in phylogenetically unrelated species.

Differentiation antigens expressed on B-lymphocytes and B-cell precursors. They are involved in regulation of B-cell proliferation.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

A costimulatory ligand expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS that binds to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CD28 ANTIGEN with low specificity. The interaction of CD80 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a costimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE.

A melanosome-specific protein that plays a role in the expression, stability, trafficking, and processing of GP100 MELANOMA ANTIGEN, which is critical to the formation of Stage II MELANOSOMES. The protein is used as an antigen marker for MELANOMA cells.

The hepatitis B antigen within the core of the Dane particle, the infectious hepatitis virion.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

A member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily with specificity for CD40 LIGAND. It is found on mature B-LYMPHOCYTES and some EPITHELIAL CELLS, lymphoid DENDRITIC CELLS. Evidence suggests that CD40-dependent activation of B-cells is important for generation of memory B-cells within the germinal centers. Mutations of the gene for CD40 antigen result in HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 3. Signaling of the receptor occurs through its association with TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS.

Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. At least six nuclear antigens have been identified.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Autoantibodies directed against cytoplasmic constituents of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES and/or MONOCYTES. They are used as specific markers for GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS and other diseases, though their pathophysiological role is not clear. ANCA are routinely detected by indirect immunofluorescence with three different patterns: c-ANCA (cytoplasmic), p-ANCA (perinuclear), and atypical ANCA.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.

A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A glycolipid, cross-species antigen that induces production of antisheep hemolysin. It is present on the tissue cells of many species but absent in humans. It is found in many infectious agents.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (1/4788)

One hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically HBsAg positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (HBs) and the core (HBc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis B virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (C) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human C. Circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that HBc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic HBSAg liver disease. C fixation by liver cells was shown in all HBC positive patients with chronic hepatitis; an active form was present in every case, except two with a persistent hepatitis, an inverse ratio of HBc to C binding fluorescence being noted between active chronic hepatitis and cirrhotic patients. HBc without C fixation was observed in only three patients in the incubation phase of infectious hepatitis. IgG deposits were often found in HBc containing, C fixing nuclei. No C binding or IgG deposits were observed in acute self-limited type B hepatitis, in serologically positive patients with normal liver or minimal histological lesions, with and without HBs cytoplasmic fluorescence in their biopsy, or in serologically negative individuals. (+info)

Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. III. Modulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte hydrolase release response to Actinomyces viscosus and Streptococcus mutans by immunoglobulins and complement. (2/4788)

In the absence of antiserum, rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) released lysosomal enzymes in response to Actinomyces viscosus (19246) but not to Streptococcus mutans (6715). Antibodies had a marked modulating influence on these reactions. PMN hydrolase release was significantly enhanced to both organisms when specific rabbit antiserum and isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) were included in the incubations. Immune complex F(ab')2 fragments of IgG directed against S. mutans agglutinated bacteria. Immune complexes consisting of S. mutans and F(ab')2 fragments of IgG directed against this organism were not effective as bacteria-IgG complexes in stimulating PMN release. The intensity of the release response to bacteria-IgG complexes was also diminished when PMNs were preincubated with isolated Fc fragments derived from IgG. Fresh serum as a source of complement components had no demonstrable effect on PMN release either alone or in conjuction with antiserum in these experiments. These data may be relevant to the mechanisms and consequences of the interaction of PMNs and plaque bacteria in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. (+info)

Autoantibodies to RNA polymerases recognize multiple subunits and demonstrate cross-reactivity with RNA polymerase complexes. (3/4788)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the subunit specificity of autoantibody directed to RNA polymerases (RNAP) I, II, and III, which is one of the major autoantibody responses in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS: Thirty-two SSc sera with anti-RNAP antibodies (23 with anti-RNAP I/III, 5 with anti-RNAP I/III and II, and 4 with anti-RNAP II alone) were analyzed by immunoblotting using affinity-purified RNAP and by immunoprecipitation using 35S-labeled cell extracts in which RNAP complexes were dissociated. Antibodies bound to individual RNAP subunits were eluted from preparative immunoblots and were further analyzed by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: At least 15 different proteins were bound by antibodies in anti-RNAP-positive SSc sera in various combinations. All 9 sera immunoprecipitating RNAP II and all 28 sera immunoprecipitating RNAP I/III recognized the large subunit proteins of RNAP II and III, respectively. Reactivity to RNAP I large subunits was strongly associated with bright nucleolar staining by indirect immunofluorescence. Affinity-purified antibodies that recognized a 62-kd subunit protein cross-reacted with a 43-kd subunit protein and immunoprecipitated both RNAP I and RNAP III. Antibodies that recognized a 21-kd subunit protein obtained from sera that were positive for anti-RNAP I/III and II antibodies immunoprecipitated both RNAP II and RNAP III. CONCLUSION: Anti-RNAP antibodies recognize multiple subunits of RNAP I, II, and III. Moreover, the results of this study provide the first direct evidence that antibodies that recognize shared subunits of human RNAPs or epitopes present on different human RNAP subunits are responsible for the recognition of multiple RNAPs by SSc sera. (+info)

Abnormal responses to rubella infection. (4/4788)

Two cases of rubella are described which caused initial problems in laboratory diagnosis due to abnormal features in the immune response. One patient presented with thrombocytopenic purpura and associated circulating immune complexes. The other patient, who was in early pregnancy, had an unusually prolonged rash and a delayed humoral immune response. The possible reasons for the difficulties in serological confirmation are discussed. (+info)

Recognition of polynucleotides by antibodies to poly(I), poly(C). (5/4788)

The binding of anti poly(I). poly (C) Fab fragments to double or triple stranded polynucletides has been studied by fluorescence. Association constants were deduced from competition experiments. The comparison of the association constants leads to the conclusion that several atoms of the base residues do not interact with the amino acid residues of the binding site of Fab fragment while the hydroxyl groups of furanose rings interact. These results suggest that the Fab fragments do not bind to the major groove of the double stranded polynucleotides. An interaction between the C(2)O group of pyrimidine residues and Fab fragments cannot be excluded. Circular dichroism of poly(I). poly(C) or poly(I). poly(br5C)-Fab fragments complexes are very different from the circular dichroism of free polynucleotides which suggests a deformation of the polynucleotides bound to the Fab fragments. (+info)

Association and dissociation kinetics of bobwhite quail lysozyme with monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5. (6/4788)

The anti-hen egg lysozyme monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5 and its complexes with various species-variant and mutant lysozymes have been the subject of considerable experimental and theoretical investigation. The affinity of HyHEL-5 for bobwhite quail lysozyme (BWQL) is over 1000-fold lower than its affinity for the original antigen, hen egg lysozyme (HEL). This difference is believed to arise almost entirely from the replacement in BWQL of the structural and energetic epitope residue Arg68 by lysine. In this study, the association and dissociation kinetics of BWQL with HyHEL-5 were investigated under a variety of conditions and compared with previous results for HEL. HyHEL-5-BWQL association follows a bimolecular mechanism and the dissociation of the antibody-antigen complex is a first-order process. Changes in ionic strength (from 27 to 500 mM) and pH (from 6.0 to 10.0) produced about a 2-fold change in the association and dissociation rates. The effect of viscosity modifiers on the association reaction was also studied. The large difference in the HEL and BWQL affinities for HyHEL-5 is essentially due to differences in the dissociation rate constant. (+info)

Flexibility of the major antigenic loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus bound to a Fab fragment of a neutralising antibody: structure and neutralisation. (7/4788)

The interaction of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype C (clone C-S8c1) with a strongly neutralising monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4C4 has been studied by combining data from cryoelectron microscopy and x-ray crystallography. The MAb 4C4 binds to the exposed flexible GH-loop of viral protein 1 (VP1), which appears to retain its flexibility, allowing movement of the bound Fab. This is in striking contrast to MAb SD6, which binds to the same GH-loop of VP1 but exhibits no movement of the bound Fab when observed under identical conditions. However, MAbs 4C4 and SD6 have very similar neutralisation characteristics. The known atomic structure of FMDV C-S8c1 and that of the 4C4 Fab cocrystallised with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the GH-loop of VP1 were fitted to the cryoelectron microscope density map. The best fit of the 4C4 Fab is compatible only with monovalent binding of the MAb in agreement with the neutralisation data on 4C4 MAbs, Fab2s, and Fabs. The position of the bound GH-loop is related to other known positions of this loop by a hinge rotation about the base of the loop. The 4C4 Fab appears to interact almost exclusively with the G-H loop of VP1, making no other contacts with the viral capsid. (+info)

Induction of autoimmunity by multivalent immunodominant and subdominant T cell determinants of La (SS-B). (8/4788)

We investigated the consequences of altering the form and valence of defined autodeterminants on the initiation and spreading of experimentally induced La/Ro autoimmunity. Anti-La and Ro (SS-A) Ab responses were monitored following immunization of healthy mice with defined immunodominant and subdominant T cell determinants of the La (SS-B) autoantigen synthesized as either monomeric or multiple antigenic (MAP) peptides. Abs to mouse La (mLa) developed faster and were of higher titer in mice immunized with the subdominant mLa25-44 MAP compared with mice immunized with the 25-44 monomer. Rapid intermolecular spreading of the autoimmune response to 60-kDa Ro was observed in AKR/J mice immunized with mLa25-44 MAP, but not in mice immunized repeatedly with monomeric peptide. A/J mice immunized and boosted with the known tolerogenic mLa287-301 determinant delivered as monomeric peptide failed to develop Abs to either intact mLa or mLa287-301 peptide. However, immunization with the multivalent mLa287-301 peptide led to the rapid production of high titer mLa autoantibodies associated with a proliferative T cell response to the mLa287-301 peptide. The data suggested that the enhanced immunogenicity of MAPs was not due to augmented Ag presentation or T cell stimulation. However, MAP-, but not monomer peptide-, containing immune complexes were potent substrates for Ab-dependent fixation of complement. These results demonstrate that the form of Ag responsible for inducing autoimmunity can profoundly influence the nature and magnitude of the immune response. Thus, molecular mimicry of tolerogenic and nontolerogenic self determinants might trigger autoimmunity under conditions of altered valence. (+info)

rid the body of neutralised antigen-antibody complexes.. There are three different complement systems: Classical, alternative, ... Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead ... Normal body cells are not recognized and attacked by NK cells because they express intact self MHC antigens. Those MHC antigens ... Dendritic cells are very important in the process of antigen presentation, and serve as a link between the innate and adaptive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

Almeida, J.; Cinader, B.; Howatson, A. (1 September 1963). "The structure of antigen-antibody complexes. A study by electron ... 1997). Technology Transfer in Britain: The Case of Monoclonal Antibodies; Self and Non-Self: A History of Autoimmunity; ... Andrewes told Tyrrell that there was a young Swedish surgeon who was able to grow complex viruses. The Swede was Bertil Hoorn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Tyrrell_(physician)

These membrane-bound protein complexes have antibodies which are specific for antigen detection. Each B cell has a unique ... Antibody-antigen reaction[edit]. Now these antibodies will encounter antigens and bind with them. This will either interfere ... Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target. By binding their specific antigens, antibodies can cause ... Antibody. Formation (1900), antigen-antibody binding. hypothesis (1938), produced by B cells (1948),. structure (1972), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immune_response

rid the body of neutralized antigen-antibody complexes.. Elements of the complement cascade can be found in many non-mammalian ... The complement system is a biochemical cascade of the immune system that helps antibodies clear pathogens or mark them for ... Activates the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation. ... major histocompatibility complex). This can occur in viral infections of host cells.[8] They were named "natural killer" ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

Antibodies of the adaptive immune system can bind antigen, forming an antigen-antibody complex. When C1q binds antigen-antibody ... Activation of the C1 complex initiates the classical complement pathway of the complement system. The antibodies IgM and all ... C1q is a subunit of the C1 enzyme complex that activates the serum complement system. C1q comprises 6 A, 6 B and 6 C chains. ... The complement component 1q (or simply C1q) is a protein complex involved in the complement system, which is part of the innate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_component_1q

In the course of subsequent meals, antigen-antibody complexes are formed; these complexes attach to the surface of blood cells ... The antigen is still of unknown structure but it stimulates the formation of IgG antibodies in the blood serum. ... An antigen in the mushroom triggers the immune system to attack red blood cells. Serious and commonly fatal complications ... Genetic testing suggests that Paxillus involutus may be a species complex rather than a single species. A common mushroom of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxillus_involutus

Almeida, June; Cinader, Bernhard; Howatson, Allan (1 September 1963). "The Structure of Antigen-Antibody Complexes: A Study by ... In the same year, she published her research in which she "negatively stained aggregates of antigen...and antibody" with the ... Timeline of women in science COVID-19 coronavirus disease In the chapter entitled "Imaging viruses and tagging their antigens" ... to better visualise viruses by using antibodies to aggregate them. In the 1960s, she and Waterson were using negative staining ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_Almeida

The immune complexes are formed by binding of antibodies to antigens in the glomerular basement membrane. The antigens may be ... The immune complex serves as an activator that triggers a response from the C5b - C9 complements, which form a membrane attack ... One study has identified antibodies to an M-type phospholipase A2 receptor in 70% (26 of 37) cases evaluated.[2] In 2014, a ... Immune complexes (black) are deposited in a thickened basement membrane creating a "spike and dome" appearance on electron ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membranous_nephritis

The presence of complement and antigen-antibody complexes is evident throughout the connective and epithelial tissue. It is in ... Plaque is composed of a complex community of many different species of bacteria. However, specific bacterial species are ... Genco RJ, Mashimo PA, Krygier G, Ellison SA (May 1974). "Antibody-mediated effects on the periodontium". J. Periodontol. 45 (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_pathology

Antibody action contributes to premunition. However, premunition is probably much more complex than simple antibody and antigen ... However, Plasmodium can change its surface antigens, so the development of an antibody repertoire that can recognize multiple ... In the case of malaria, the sporozoite and merozoite stages of Plasmodium elicit the antibody response which leads to ... For malaria, premunition is maintained by repeated antigen exposure from infective bites. Thus, if an individual departs from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premunition

"A mutational analysis of binding interactions in an antigen-antibody protein-protein complex". Biochemistry. 37 (22): 7981-91. ... Members of the IgSF include cell surface antigen receptors, co-receptors and co-stimulatory molecules of the immune system, ... also known as antibodies); they all possess a domain known as an immunoglobulin domain or fold. ... molecules involved in antigen presentation to lymphocytes, cell adhesion molecules, certain cytokine receptors and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_superfamily

Enzyme linked immunoassays use enzyme-complexed-antibodies to detect antigens. Binding of the antibody is often inferred from ... They are widely used in biochemistry to test for the presence of enzymes, specific compounds, antibodies, hormones and many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorimetry_(chemical_method)

Continue the incubation to allow antibody-antigen complexes to form.. *Precipitate the complex of interest, removing it from ... irrelevant antibody of the same antibody subclass as the IP antibody is used instead of the IP antibody itself.[4] This ... Protein complex immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)[edit]. Immunoprecipitation of intact protein complexes (i.e. antigen along with any ... Analyze complexes or antigens of interest. This can be done in a variety of ways: *SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoprecipitation

Radioactivity emitted by bound antibody-antigen complexes can be easily detected using conventional methods. RIAs were some of ... the analyte may be an antibody rather than an antigen. In addition to the binding of an antibody to its antigen, the other key ... In immunology the particular macromolecule bound by an antibody is referred to as an antigen and the area on an antigen to ... In some cases, an immunoassay may use an antigen to detect for the presence of antibodies, which recognize that antigen, in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoassay

He has made seminal contributions to structural studies of antibodies and antibody-antigen complexes. Recent[when?] work on ... subscription required) Colman, P. M. (1994). "Effects of amino acid sequence changes on antibody-antigen interactions". ... "Three-dimensional structure of a complex of antibody with influenza virus neuraminidase". Nature. 326 (6111): 358-63. doi: ... Colman, Peter Malcolm (1969). The physical structure of two parabanic acid complexes and an investigation of short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Colman

... occurs when there is accumulation of immune complexes (antigen-antibody complexes) that have not been ... When these antigens bind antibodies, immune complexes of different sizes form. Large complexes can be cleared by macrophages ... Typically, clinical features emerge a week following initial antigen challenge, when the deposited immune complexes can ... these medium-sized complexes, formed in the slight excess of antigen, are viewed as being highly pathogenic. Such depositions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_III_hypersensitivity

... they will bind to the antigen in step 3 to form antigen-antibody complexes. The complement proteins will react with these ... The complement system is a system of serum proteins that react with antigen-antibody complexes. If this reaction occurs on a ... While detection of antibodies is the more common test format, it is equally possible to test for the presence of antigen. In ... However, if no antibodies against the antigen of interest are present, the complement will not be depleted and it will react ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_fixation_test

... as well as antigen/antibody, enzyme/inhibitor, and enzyme/substrate complexes. It is also diverse in terms of the partners' ... antigen-antibody and homomultimeric complexes. The latest version of protein-protein docking benchmark consists of 230 ... Protein-protein complexes are the most commonly attempted targets of such modelling, followed by protein-nucleic acid complexes ... 81 protein-protein complexes with known experimental affinities are included; these complexes span over 11 orders of magnitude ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromolecular_docking

... antigen-antibody complex) that activates the complement system are involved. The antibodies that form immune complexes deposits ... Immune complexes can be visualized by staining with fluorescent antibodies directed against immunoglobulins or complement, ... Immune-complexes are combinations of DNA, anti-dsDNA ubiquitin, and other proteins in DPGN that are associated with lupus ... When extensive, immune complexes create an overall thickening of the capillary wall, resembling rigid "wire loops" on routine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_proliferative_nephritis

... is potent in opsonization: tagging pathogens, immune complexes (antigen-antibody), and apoptotic cells for phagocytosis. ... C4b2b3b complex) or when an additional C3b molecule binds to the C3bBb complex (C3bBb3b complex). C3b's ability to perform ... The C1 complement complex binds to these antibodies resulting in its activation via cross proteolysis. This activated C1 ... Additionally, C3b molecules can attach to the Fc regions of antigen-bound antibodies leading to phagocytosis or movement to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3b

These bound antibody/antigen complexes are then added to an antigen-coated well. The plate is washed, so unbound antibodies are ... After the antigen is immobilized, the detection antibody is added, forming a complex with the antigen. The detection antibody ... the antigen-antibody reaction occurs. No antigen is left for the enzyme-labelled specific HIV antibodies. These antibodies ... A specific antibody is added, and binds to antigen (hence the 'sandwich': the antigen is stuck between two antibodies). This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELISA

Immunoturbidimetry uses the classical antigen-antibody reaction. The antigen-antibody complexes aggregate to form particles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidimetry

The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha ... Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Bentley DR, Porter RR (1984). "A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III ... This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this ... a highly conserved gene in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex". DNA. 8 (10): 745-51. doi:10.1089/dna. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4A

The trimer provides a surface for interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components. The alpha ... Yang Z, Mendoza AR, Welch TR, Zipf WB, Yu CY (Apr 1999). "Modular variations of the human major histocompatibility complex ... This gene localizes to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region on chromosome 6. Varying haplotypes of this ... Laich A, Sim RB (Jan 2001). "Complement C4bC2 complex formation: an investigation by surface plasmon resonance". Biochimica et ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_component_4B

... enzymes are used to produce a detectable signal from an antibody-antigen complex. At the first step, any antigen present will ... Then, detecting antibodies added to bind to the antigen. The enzyme-linked secondary antibody follows the detecting antibodies ... These tests rely on the specific detection of either the antibody or antigen, and are commonly performed by labeling the ... antibody/antigen of interest through various means such as fluorescent or enzymatic labels. However, washing, mixing, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_micro-fluidic_biochip

These membrane-bound protein complexes have antibodies which are specific for antigen detection. Each B cell has a unique ... Each antibody recognizes a specific antigen unique to its target. By binding their specific antigens, antibodies can cause ... These antibodies will encounter antigens and bind with them. This will either interfere with the chemical interaction between ... Antibodies are synthesized and secreted by plasma cells that are derived from the B cells of the immune system. An antibody is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humoral_immunity

Anderson, N. Leigh (15 January 1980). "Dissection of complex antigen mixtures using monoclonal antibodies and two-dimensional ... He developed the first commercial monoclonal antibody, which was an antibody specific for immunoglobulin D (IgD). The hybridoma ... and supervisor César Milstein to develop monoclonal antibodies specific for cell surface antigens. ... Pearson brought monoclonal antibody technology to Africa. His research initiated in Kenya continued for more than forty years ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Pearson_(immunologist)

These antigen-antibody complexes are thought to be caused by excessive exposure to bacterial antigens (especially ... Immune complexes are thought to cause blood vessel damage, attracting neutrophils into the skin and synovium in BADAS. ... These antibodies possibly stimulate migration of neutrophils into the affected joints and skin. The effect of antibacterial ... Immune complex-mediated vessel damage and increased neutrophil migration". Arch. Intern. Med. 144 (4): 738-40. doi:10.1001/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowel-associated_dermatosis–arthritis_syndrome

Presence of antibodies causes precipitation of antibody-antigen complexes that can be collected by centrifugation into pellets ... which quantifies an antigen by use of corresponding antibodies. The corresponding antigen is radiolabeled and mixed with the ... A radiobinding assay is a method of detecting and quantifying antibodies targeted toward a specific antigen. As such, it can be ... The amount of antibody is proportional to the radioactivity of the pellet, as determined by gamma counting. It is used to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiobinding_assay

with Uta Eistert and Richard Wahl: Inhibitory and Disruptive Effects of Some Antirheumatics on Antigen-Antibody Complexes. (PDF ... with F. Lohss: Spurennachweis von Albumin durch Analyse von Antigen-Antikörperpraezipitaten., Clinica Chimica Acta 4, 1959, ... Trichloressigsäure-Aceton-Extraktion von Albuminen aus Seren und Antigen-Antikorper-Präzipitaten. In: Zeitschrift für ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekkehard_Kallee

In other words, every B cell is specific to a single antigen, but each cell can produce several thousand matching antibodies ... Once released into the blood and lymph, these antibody molecules bind to the target antigen (foreign substance) and initiate ... Surface antigens[edit]. Terminally differentiated plasma cells express relatively few surface antigens, and do not express ... Another important surface antigen is CD319 (SLAMF7). This antigen is expressed at high levels on normal human plasma cells. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cells

"Characterization of antigens recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against uvomorulin". Proc. Natl. Acad ... see Cadherin-catenin complex in learning and memory). Cell-cell adhesion complexes are required for simple epithelia in higher ... These complexes, which help regulate cell growth in addition to creating and maintaining epithelial layers, are known as ... On the other hand, when Wnt is present, GSK-3B is displaced from the previously mentioned complex, causing β-catenin to not be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

IgM antibodies are detectable two days after symptom onset and IgG antibodies can be detected six to 18 days after symptom ... "First Antigen Rapid Test for Ebola through Emergency Assessment and Eligible for Procurement". World Health Organization (WHO ... The GP forms a trimeric complex, which tethers the virus to the endothelial cells. The sGP forms a dimeric protein that ... Finding the virus, viral RNA, or antibodies in blood[1]. Differential diagnosis. Malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

... antibodies to Borrelia antigens indicate disease, but lower titers can be misleading, because the IgM antibodies may remain ... Richard Ostfeld (2012). Lyme Disease: The Ecology of a Complex System. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199928477. ... The OspC antibodies kill any of the bacteria that have not been killed by the OspA antibodies. Canine Recombinant Lyme, ... IgM and IgG antibody levels may be elevated for years even after successful treatment with antibiotics.[23] As antibody levels ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

... and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis". Tissue Antigens. 12 (5): 381-6. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.1978. ... is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority of the human major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (not to be ... "Correlation between acetylcholine receptor antibody titer and HLA-B8 and HLA-DRw3 antigens in myasthenia gravis". Trans Am ... of these half had anti-transglutaminase antibodies, but few had endomysial antibody.[29] This could indicate an association ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

The cytotoxicity of Natural Killer (NK) cells and the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells is known to diminish with ... A decline in humoral immunity caused by a reduction in the population of antibody producing B-cells along with a smaller ... "Age-related impairment of p56lck and ZAP-70 activities in human T lymphocytes activated through the TcR/CD3 complex". Exp ... The age-associated impairment of dendritic Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) has profound implications as this translates into a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence

The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target called an antigen.[1][2] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody ... Several complex genetic mechanisms have evolved. These allow vertebrate B cells to generate a huge pool of antibodies from a ... Each antibody is different. They are all designed to attack only one kind of antigen (in practice, this means virus or bacteria ... Each of these variants can bind to a different antigen.[1] This enormous diversity of antibodies allows the immune system to ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibodies

Serum includes all proteins not used in blood clotting (coagulation) and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones, ... Complex pages. *All pages that need simplifying. *Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_

... antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) - antibody-mediated immunity - antifungal medication - antigen - antigen ... idiopathic - idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura - IHS - immune complex - immune deficiency/immunodeficiency - immune response ... human leukocyte antigens (HLA) - human papilloma virus (HPV) - human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) - human T cell ... neutralizing antibody - neutralizing domain - neutropenia - neutrophil - New Drug Application (NDA) - New York Cares - NIAID - ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

These cells bind antigens presented on MHC I complex of virus-infected or tumour cells and kill them. Nearly all nucleated ... B cells: releases antibodies and assists activation of T cells. *T cells: *CD4+ Th (T helper) cells: activate and regulate T ... bind antigenic peptides presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells. ... This causes an antibody response to be mounted. Monocytes eventually leave the bloodstream and become tissue macrophages, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

... recurrent infections and failure of the development of antibodies on exposure to antigens. The 1999 criteria also distinguish ... it is a group of circulating proteins that can bind pathogens and form a membrane attack complex. Complement deficiencies are ... selective immunoglobulin A deficiency Specific antibody deficiency to specific antigens with normal B cell and normal Ig ... This is carried out by using donor-derived antigen-presenting cells. These new methods have reduced culture time to 10-12 days ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_immunodeficiency

Jules Bordet received the Nobel prize in 1919 for his discoveries on immunity, especially the implication of antibodies and the ... That's how Michel Weinberg, Metchnikoff's scholar, disclosed the complex etiology of gas gangrene and created a vaccine for ... as an antigen, Richard F. J. Pfeiffer introduced it in the abdomen of a guinea pig already vaccinated against this disease, and ... and they deduced that it can play the role of antigen, that is if they could overcome the delicate moment of its injection, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute

One example of a commonly used biomarker in medicine is prostate-specific antigen (PSA). This marker can be measured as a proxy ... It can also be a substance whose detection indicates a particular disease state, for example, the presence of an antibody may ... Significant scientific advances in the last decade have increased our understanding of the complex and heterogeneous ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomarkers

Antibody production independent of T lymphocytes[edit]. For most protein antigens, the production of antibodies by B ... T independent antigen elicits antibody production by B lymphocytes without T lymphocyte involvement. There are 2 distinct ... TI-1 antigen[edit]. TI-1 antigens have an intrinsic B cell activating activity, that can directly cause proliferation and ... TI-2 antigen[edit]. Second group of TI antigens consists mainly of highly repetitive surface structures (epitopes) of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_independent_antigen_

Lee YJ، Luisiri P، Clark MR (1996). "A novel complex, p40/42, is constitutively associated with the B cell antigen receptor and ... 1984). "Natural killer-like function of activated T lymphocytes: differential blocking effects of monoclonal antibodies ... cell surface expression of SAP-binding receptor CD229 is regulated via its interaction with clathrin-associated adaptor complex ... "Distinct tyrosine phosphorylation sites in ZAP-70 mediate activation and negative regulation of antigen receptor function" ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAMF6

Arendrup, M; Hansen JE, Clausen H, Nielsen C, Mathiesen LR, Nielsen JO (April 1991). "Antibody to histo-blood group A antigen ... லைன் மற்றும் ரஷ் எழுதிய சிக்கலான காபோவைதரேட்டு மூலக்கூறு நோய்த்தடுப்பு (Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates) (A. Wu, ... Dean L (2005). "Chapter 5: The ABO blood group.". Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens. பார்த்த நாள் 2007-03-24. ... "Portuguese Blood Institute" (Portuguese). (assuming Rh and AB antigens are independent) *↑ "Frequency of ABO blood groups in ...

https://ta.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ஏபிஓ_குருதி_குழு_முறைமை

Peptide antigens are displayed by the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC) proteins on the surface of antigen- ... The proteasome is also involved in Intracellular antibody-mediated proteolysis of antibody-bound virions. In this ... The assembled complex of hslV (blue) and hslU (red) from E. coli. This complex of heat shock proteins is thought to resemble ... The assembly of the proteasome is a complex process due to the number of subunits that must associate to form an active complex ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteasome

I. Partial characterization of soluble Ki-1 antigen and detection of the antigen in cell culture supernatants and in serum by ... and CD30-TRAF signaling complexes that inhibits TRAF2-mediated NF-kappaB activation". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 185 ... Josimovic-Alasevic O, Dürkop H, Schwarting R, Backé E, Stein H, Diamantstein T (Jan 1989). "Ki-1 (CD30) antigen is released by ... CD30+Antigens at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD30

A complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis.. RNA. See ... The part of an enzyme or antibody at which substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.. active transport. ... of the immune system in response to specific antigens invading the body. The theory has become the widely accepted model for ... A complex, dynamic network of interlinking protein filaments that extends from the cell nucleus to the cell membrane and which ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

Antigens are "targeted" by antibodies. Each antibody is specifically produced by the immune system to match an antigen after ... In order to induce an immune response, it needs to be attached to a large carrier molecule such as a protein (a complex of ... Antigens can be classified according to their source. Exogenous antigens[edit]. Exogenous antigens are antigens that have ... T-independent antigen - Antigens that stimulate B cells directly.. *Immunodominant antigens - Antigens that dominate (over all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

death-inducing signaling complex assembly. • regulation of osteoclast differentiation. • defense response to bacterium. • ... This inhibition can be achieved with a monoclonal antibody such as infliximab (Remicade) binding directly to TNFα, adalimumab ( ... "Cytotoxicity mediated by soluble antigen and lymphocytes in delayed hypersensitivity. 3. Analysis of mechanism". J. Exp. Med ... positive regulation of protein complex assembly. • protein kinase B signaling. • positive regulation of cytokine production. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha

The tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen (usually a protein or ... More complex serological techniques are known as immunoassays. Using a similar basis as described above, immunoassays can ... detect or measure antigens from either infectious agents or the proteins generated by an infected host in response to the ... carbohydrate made by an infectious agent) is bound by the antibody, allowing this type of test to be used for organisms other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology

macromolecular complex binding. • cupric ion binding. • cuprous ion binding. Cellular component. • mitochondrial outer membrane ... Modulation of signal transduction pathways has been demonstrated in cross-linking with antibodies and ligand-binding (hop/STI1 ... "Localization of a human gene homologous to the PrP gene on the p arm of chromosome 20 and detection of PrP-related antigens in ... forming a complex with Fyn and excessively activating tau, another protein implicated in Alzheimer's.[55] As the gene FYN codes ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRNP

Upregulated in eosinophils post antigen exposure.[21] Cystic fibrosis Possible correlation with severity of the lung ... IL-5 antibodies which reduces excessive eosinophilia). This suggests CASS4 activity may be associated with immune response in ... "Dcas supports cell polarization and cell-cell adhesion complexes in development". PLOS ONE. 5 (8): e12369. Bibcode:2010PLoSO ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASS4

... they are antigens to which antibodies can be raised. Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes based on antibody ... These core proteins and vRNA form a complex that is transported into the cell nucleus, where the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ... The influenza A virus can be subdivided into different serotypes based on the antibody response to these viruses.[47] The ... The resulting rapid change in viral genetics produces antigenic shifts, which are sudden changes from one antigen to another. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza

Usually, a target cell line expressing a certain surface-exposed antigen is incubated with antibody specific for that antigen. ... Over the course of a few hours a complex forms between the antibody, target cell, and effector cell which leads to lysis of the ... whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies.[1] It is one of the mechanisms through which antibodies ... Afucosylated monoclonal antibodies. References[edit]. *^ Hashimoto, G.; Wright, P. F.; Karzon, D. T. (1983-11-01). "Antibody- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

The generation of TCR diversity is similar to that for antibodies and B cell antigen receptors. It arises mainly from genetic ... The TCR complex[edit]. The TCR receptor complex is an octomeric complex of variable TCR receptor α and β chains with three ... T-cell sensitivity to antigen could be increased via avidity-based mechanism. The antigen sensitivity is higher in antigen- ... The essential function of the TCR complex is to identify specific bound antigen and elicit a distinct and critical response. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell_receptor

Complex between Peptostreptococcus Magnus Protein L and a Human Antibody Reveals Structural Convergence in the Interaction ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/structureCluster.do?structureId=1HEZ

However, we have found a degenerate interface in a high-affinity antibody-antigen complex: the two independent complexes of the ... Degenerate interfaces in antigen-antibody complexes.. Decanniere, K., Transue, T.R., Desmyter, A., Maes, D., Muyldermans, S., ... Crystal structure of a camel single-domain VH antibody fragment in complex with lysozyme. Desmyter, A., Transue, T.R.,& ... characteristics can vary significantly between different specimens of the same high-affinity antibody-protein antigen complex. ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1jtt

64-3-7 H CHAINANTI-MHC-I MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY, 64-3-7 L CHAINH-2 CLASS I HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN, L-D ALPHA CHAIN1,2- ... 3V52: Structure Of A Monoclonal Antibody Complexed With Its Mhc-I Antigen. ... "MMDB and VAST+: tracking structural similarities between macromolecular complexes.Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan; 42(Database ... H-2 Class I Histocompatibility Antigen, L-D Alpha Chain(Gene symbol: H2-D1) ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/pdb/3V52

Antibody-antigen complex not dissociating in IP - posted in Immunology: Hi, Im new here but have been using this site as a ... Antibody-antigen complex not dissociating in IP. Started by 2fast2evo, Jul 26 2014 07:16 PM ... Also tagged with one or more of these keywords: Immunoprecipitation, elution, antibody, antigen, western blot. Protocols and ... Are the antibodies validated for IP? If not can you test them using tagged plasmid ... i.e. IP with your antibodies see if you ...

http://www.protocol-online.org/forums/topic/32842-antibody-antigen-complex-not-dissociating-in-ip/

What is Antigen-antibody complex? Meaning of Antigen-antibody complex as a legal term. What does Antigen-antibody complex mean ... Definition of Antigen-antibody complex in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Antigen-antibody complex legal definition of Antigen-antibody complex https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Antigen- ... complex. (redirected from Antigen-antibody complex). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia. complex. ...

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Antigen-antibody+complex

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading ... Antigen-Antibody Complexes; Immune Complexes; Antigen Antibody Complex; Antigen Antibody Complexes; Complex, Antigen-Antibody; ... Antigen-Antibody Complex (Immune Complex). Subscribe to New Research on Antigen-Antibody Complex ... The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD000936.do

Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia and Antigen-Antibody Complexes in Two Infants with Congenital Rubella. Attilio Boner, ... Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia and Antigen-Antibody Complexes in Two Infants with Congenital Rubella ... Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia and Antigen-Antibody Complexes in Two Infants with Congenital Rubella ... Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia and Antigen-Antibody Complexes in Two Infants with Congenital Rubella ...

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/72/6/835?download=true

The antigen (blue) is at top, with the antibody (red & yellow) below. ... Molecular computer graphic showing protein chains in an antibody-antigen complex. ... Molecular computer graphic showing protein chains in an antibody-antigen complex. The antigen (blue) is at top, with the ... The antibody consists of two chains of proteins, shown as ribbons. The yellow ribbon is the heavy protein chain, which ...

https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/305666/view

The PD-1/PD-L1 complex resembles the antigen-binding Fv domains of antibodies and T cell receptors. David Yin-wei Lin, ... The PD-1/PD-L1 complex resembles the antigen-binding Fv domains of antibodies and T cell receptors ... The PD-1/PD-L1 complex resembles the antigen-binding Fv domains of antibodies and T cell receptors ... The PD-1/PD-L1 complex resembles the antigen-binding Fv domains of antibodies and T cell receptors ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/105/8/3011?ijkey=66a8add83974bf1e18ee6c07937479513d31ab1d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... mansoni antibodies (CAb), and immune complexes (CIC) were studied in three groups of African patients living in the same area. ... Abstract Circulating Schistosoma mansoni soluble antigens (CSA), circulating anti-S. ... Evaluation of Circulating Antigens by a Sandwich Radioimmunoassay, and of Antibodies and Immune Complexes, in Schistosoma ... Circulating Schistosoma mansoni soluble antigens (CSA), circulating anti-S. mansoni antibodies (CAb), and immune complexes (CIC ...

http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1980.29.74

... many antibody-antigen complexes are under-characterized. For vaccine development and disease surveillance, it is often vital to ... many antibody-antigen complexes are under-characterized. For vaccine development and disease surveillance, it is often vital to ... the structural and functional characterization of antibody-antigen complexes by X-ray crystallography and binding assay is ... the structural and functional characterization of antibody-antigen complexes by X-ray crystallography and binding assay is ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00143/full

Antigen-Antibody Complex Remove constraint Subject: Antigen-Antibody Complex ...

https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/mm/catalog?f%5Breadonly_genre_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Speeches&f%5Breadonly_subject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Molecular+Structure&f%5Breadonly_subject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Antigen-Antibody+Complex&per_page=50&search_field=all_fields&sort=readonly_date-yyyymmdd_ssim+desc

... is emerging as a fast and affordable technique for the structural characterization of antibody-antigen complexes. In this ... we first describe the different computational strategies for the modeling of antibodies and docking of their complexes, and ... Since their efficiency depends, in ultimate analysis, on their atomic interactions with an antigen, studying such interactions ... Computational docking, the process of predicting the conformation of a complex from its separated components, ...

http://doc.rero.ch/record/326632?ln=it

Immunization with Immune Complexes Modulates the Fine Specificity of Antibody Responses to a Flavivirus Antigen. Georgios ... Immunization with immune complexes modulates the fine specificity of antibody responses to a flavivirus antigen. J Virol 89: ... Immunization with Immune Complexes Modulates the Fine Specificity of Antibody Responses to a Flavivirus Antigen ... Immunization with Immune Complexes Modulates the Fine Specificity of Antibody Responses to a Flavivirus Antigen ...

https://jvi.asm.org/content/89/15/7970.abstract

Antigen-Antibody Complex Remove constraint Subject: Antigen-Antibody Complex Subject Hydrogen Bonding Remove constraint Subject ... The Nature of the Forces Between Antigen and Antibody and of the Precipitation Reaction ...

https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/mm/catalog?f%5Breadonly_creator_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Pauling%2C+Linus%2C+1901-1994&f%5Breadonly_subject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Antigen-Antibody+Complex&f%5Breadonly_subject_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Hydrogen+Bonding&per_page=50&search_field=all_fields&sort=readonly_date-yyyymmdd_ssim+asc&view=masonry

Research proven purified polyclonal rabbit SCP1 antibody. Designed for studying of synapse formation and spermatocytes. ... The synaptonemal complex is a proteinaceous complex that apparently mediates synapses during the zygotene stage and then ... It is a complex structure that unites homologous chromosomes during the prophase stage of meiosis. It is the result of ...

https://www.neuromics.com/RA25052

4) Crystallization trials of the antigen (FP), the antibody (Ab-Fab) and the complex of AbFab with FP. by using several ... Publications] Ken-ichi Tomita: X-ray structural studies of antigen-antibody complex toward malaria vaccine development. ... X-ray Structural Studies of Antigen-Antibody Complex Toward Malaria Vaccine Development.. Research Project ... Crystallization of antibody fragments and their complexes with antigen. Journal of Crystal Growth,. 90. 213-221 (1988). *. ...

https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01044086/

Antibody Specific B-Cell Epitope Predictions: Leveraging Information From Antibody-Antigen Protein Complexes. In: Frontiers in ... Antibody Specific B-Cell Epitope Predictions: Leveraging Information From Antibody-Antigen Protein Complexes. Frontiers in ... Antibody Specific B-Cell Epitope Predictions: Leveraging Information From Antibody-Antigen Protein Complexes. / Jespersen, ... title = "Antibody Specific B-Cell Epitope Predictions: Leveraging Information From Antibody-Antigen Protein Complexes", ...

https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/antibody-specific-b-cell-epitope-predictions-leveraging-informati

Treatment Antigen-antibody complex. Symptoms and causes Antigen-antibody complex Prophylaxis Antigen-antibody complex ... Antigen-antibody complex: The complex formed by the binding of an antibody and an antigen. Antigen-antibody complexes are ... Antigen-antibody complex - definition of Antigen-antibody .... complex /comÂ·plex/ (komÂ´pleks) 1. a combination of various ... For More Information «Antigen-antibody complex». *. Antigen-antibody complex definition - Medical Dictionary .... Featured ...

http://drugster.info/medic/term/antigen-antibody-complex/

Recombinant Protein and Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant ... Shop Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein ELISA Kit, ... Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G6f Antibody. G6f: a ... Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G5b Recombinant. Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G5b Antibody. LY6G5B: 2 ... Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G5c Recombinant. Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein G5c Antibody. LY6G5C: ...

https://www.mybiosource.com/protein_family.php?root=lymphocyte-antigen-6-complex-locus-protein

... Levels of specific antigen (gp43), specific antibodies, and antigen-antibody complexes in saliva and ... antigen-antibody complex can also refer to... antigen‐antibody complex ... Antisperm antibodies detection by flow cytometry is affected by aggregation of antigen-antibody complexes on the surface of ... Immune Complexes from Serum of Patients with Lyme Disease Contain Borrelia burgdorferi Antigen and Antigen-Specific Antibodies ...

http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095416845

35] P.C. Zhang, C. Bai, P.K. Ho, Y. Dai and Y.S. Wu: "Observing interactions between the IgG antigen and anti-IgG antibody with ... and size of complement system C1 components assembled on a SiO2 surface after classical activation by antigen-antibody complex ... 37] U. Dammer, M. Hegner, D. Anselmetti, P. Wagner, D. Dreier, W. Huber and H.J. Güntherodt: "Specific antigen/antibody ... After incubation of gp51 coated substrate in anti-gp51 antibody containing solution, Ag-Ab complexes were detected on the ...

http://yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/bwmeta1.element.-psjd-doi-10_1007_s11532-005-0015-8

20.2 Detecting Antigen-Antibody Complexes, Professors can easily adopt this content into their course. ... Each antibody has two arms, each of which can bind to an epitope. When an antibody binds to two antigens, the two antigens ... Describe various types of assays used to find antigen-antibody complexes. *Describe the circumstances under which antigen- ... If antibodies to the antigen are present, the antibody will bind the antigen and fix all the available complement. When red ...

https://tophat.com/marketplace/science-&-math/biology/textbooks/oer-openstax-microbiology-openstax-content/1930/69790/

De novo HLA antibody was associated with increased proteinuria after transplantation (relative risk, 3.12). HLA antibody and ... and major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene-A (MICA) antibodies and proteinuria with graft survival 5 years ... HLA and MICA antibodies were detected by the Luminex method. Patients with proteinuria (,150 mg/d) underwent intermittent 24- ... De novo HLA antibody is independent risk factor for posttransplant proteinuria, and proteinuria affects the association of de ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Association-of-de-novo-human-leukocyte-antigen-and-Zhang-Peng/20f37637d16e26f6ac9076efe69e3ea9adafac60

Characterisation of IgG(T) serum antibody responses to two larval antigen complexes in horses naturally- or experimentally- ... serum antibody responses to two larval antigen complexes in horses naturally- or experimentally-infected with cyathostomins. ... Here, serum IgG(T) responses to two larval antigen complexes of 25 and 20 kDa were quantified in horses with experimental ... Animals, Antibodies, Helminth, Antigens, Helminth, Biomarkers, Horse Diseases, Horses, Immunoglobulin E, Larva, Nematode ...

http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/826685/

These various antigens are useful in medical diagnosis and kits, in particular by being placed in contact with serum of the ... It also concerns purified forms of the antigens which can be obtained from this virus, in particular from the gp 36 and gp 130- ... contacting antigens of SIV with human antibodies for a time and under conditions sufficient for the antigens and antibodies to ... contacting antigens of SIV with human antibodies for a time and under conditions sufficient for the antigens and antibodies to ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US5268265A/en

Ab specific for the lipopolysaccharide Ag of the Ogawa serotype has been determined in its unliganded form and in complex with ... Crystal structure of an anti-carbohydrate antibody directed against Vibrio cholerae O1 in complex with antigen: molecular basis ... Ab specific for the lipopolysaccharide Ag of the Ogawa serotype has been determined in its unliganded form and in complex with ...

https://research.pasteur.fr/fr/publication/crystal-structure-of-an-anti-carbohydrate-antibody-directed-against-vibrio-cholerae-o1-in-complex-with-antigen-molecular-basis-for-serotype-specificity/

What is antibody-antigen complex? Meaning of antibody-antigen complex medical term. What does antibody-antigen complex mean? ... Looking for online definition of antibody-antigen complex in the Medical Dictionary? antibody-antigen complex explanation free ... AIDS-related complex, Antigen-antibody complex, B complex, Carneys complex, CHARGE complex, CREST complex, H-2 complex, HIV- ... antigen-antibody complex here the complex formed by the noncovalent binding of an antibody and antigen. Complexes of antibodies ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/antibody-antigen+complex

Structural mimicry of O-antigen by a peptide revealed in a complex with an antibody raised against Shigella flexneri serotype ... In a previous crystallographic study, we described F22-4 in complex with two synthetic fragments of the O-antigen, the serotype ... The F22-4-antigen interaction is significantly more hydrophobic with the peptide than with oligosaccharides; nonetheless, all ... Moreover, docking the NMR structure into the antigen-binding site shows that steric hindrance would occur, revealing poor ...

https://research.pasteur.fr/fr/publication/structural-mimicry-of-o-antigen-by-a-peptide-revealed-in-a-complex-with-an-antibody-raised-against-shigella-flexneri-serotype-2a/

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading ... "Antigen-Antibody Complex" by people in this website by year, and whether "Antigen-Antibody Complex" was a major or minor topic ... "Antigen-Antibody Complex" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Antigen-Antibody Complex*Antigen-Antibody Complex. *Antigen Antibody Complex. *Complex, Antigen-Antibody ...

https://profiles.uchicago.edu/profiles/display/10278

The second infant died during the acute phase of his illness at which time there were high serum concentrations of IgM complexes and slightly increased levels of IgG complexes. (aappublications.org)
Then after treatment of Ag-Ab complex modified substrate by guinea-pig blood serum containing highly active complement system proteins for 3 minutes and 30 minutes features 2-3 times and 5-8 times higher in diameter and in height if compared with those observed after formation of Ag-Ab complex, were observed respectively on the surface of SiO2. (edu.pl)
Characterisation of IgG(T) serum antibody responses to two larval antigen complexes in horses naturally- or experimentally-infected with cyathostomins. (surrey.ac.uk)
Here, serum IgG(T) responses to two larval antigen complexes of 25 and 20 kDa were quantified in horses with experimental infections, natural infections and in horses that presented with clinical larval cyathostominosis. (surrey.ac.uk)
15 Type III Immediate Hypersensitivity: Antigen-Antibody Complex Mediated Attack on Host Tissues Localized: Arthritis, Nephritis Systemic: Serum Sickness Complement-Mediated: Complement Activation - General Response to AgAb Deposition Complement Deficiency - Failure to Clear Autoimmune AgAb Complexes e.g. (slideplayer.com)
To investigate the clinical significance of an immune response to the MUC-1 encoded polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) breast cancer, circulating immune complexes containing PEM (PEM.CIC) were measured in sera from 96 healthy women, in pretreatment serum samples from 40 patients with benign breast tumours and from 140 patients with breast cancer and in serum samples from 61 breast cancer patients with recurrent or progressive disease. (nih.gov)
Multiple regression analysis showed a direct correlation between antigen levels in CICs and serum antibodies to mannophosphoinositides. (bvsalud.org)
Serum immunoglobulin A antibodies to MAC-specific GPL core antigen were measured by an enzyme immunoassay. (biomedcentral.com)
However, these highly purified aPL antibodies do not bind to the CL antigen when assayed by a modified CL ELISA in which the blocking agent does not contain bovine serum, nor do they bind to phospholipid affinity columns. (edu.au)
Binding to the phospholipid antigen will only occur if normal human plasma, human serum, or bovine serum is present, suggesting that the binding of aPL antibodies to CL requires the presence of a plasma/serum cofactor. (edu.au)
The target profiling of serum ACA from 269 patients with SS, systemic sclerosis (SSc), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and healthy controls revealed that ACA-positive patients have antibodies against various sites of centromere complex regardless of disease. (elsevier.com)
Six week-old female BALB/c mice were immunized with the commercial c-PSA antigen .After serum titer reaching a platform stage ,the spleen was immunized and fused with mouse myeloma cell lines ( Sp2/0 ) .The hybridoma were screened by indirect ELISA ,and eight generated antibodies were paired to obtain a quantitative analysis of the chemical luminescence . (bvsalud.org)
All patients were assessed for clinical and biological parameters at the time of diagnosis, including the levels of cytokines, immunoglobulins, immune complexes, IgA glycosylation and NGAL in serum and urine. (bireme.br)
Vanillic Acid Ameliorates Cationic Bovine Serum Albumin Induced Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis in BALB/c Mice. (bireme.br)
The object of the present study was to investigate the effects of VA, alone and in combination with methylprednisolone (MP), on cationic bovine serum albumin (cBSA induced immune-complex glomerulonephritis in female BALB/c mice. (bireme.br)
Two classes fo antigen were differentiated, one a globulin associated "serum antigen" which was found to show identity with a serum antigen from blood of rats with acute Babesia rodhaini infection, and another that was associated with the Plasmodium gallinaceum parasite. (ajtmh.org)
Study of blood cells from normal chickens made anemic by injections of autohemagglutinin-free malarious plasma indicated that both serum antigen and its antibody were present in eluates of the washed blood cells. (ajtmh.org)
Direct immunofluorescent tests of these cells with conjugated antibody to serum antigen, and with conjugated antibody to P. gallinaceum parasite antigen showed that they reacted with the antibody to serum antigen but gave no reaction with antibody to parasite antigen. (ajtmh.org)
From this information it is suggested that soluble complexes of serum antigen and its antibody combined with the erythrocytes, and that these complexes acted as opsonin to cause the cells to be sequestered and destroyed in the spleen, or may have fixed complement to cause intravascular hemolysis. (ajtmh.org)
The serologic identity of serum antigen from malarious chickens and from rats with babesiosis, and its distinction from parasite antigen, led to the speculation that it might be an autoantigenic macroglobulin. (ajtmh.org)
The test combines a person's serum with a substance to which CMV antibodies attach. (encyclopedia.com)
If positive for antibodies, the serum is diluted, or titered, and the test repeated until the serum is so dilute it no longer gives a positive result. (encyclopedia.com)
It does so by secreting immune factors called antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins) into the fluid portion of the blood (serum) and body secretions (e.g. saliva). (rarediseases.org)

In most of the work dealing with the analysis of protein-protein interfaces, a single X-ray structure is available or selected, and implicitly it is assumed that this structure corresponds to the optimal complex for this pair of proteins. (rcsb.org)
The antibody consists of two chains of proteins, shown as ribbons. (sciencephoto.com)
The antibody response to proteins may be modulated by the presence of preexisting antigen-specific antibodies and the formation of immune complexes (ICs). (asm.org)
Custom ELISA Kits, Recombinant Proteins and Antibodies can be designed, manufactured and produced according to the researcher's specifications. (mybiosource.com)
Only a single layer separates the individual from enormous amounts of antigens (foreign proteins) both of dietary and microbial origin. (bookpubco.com)
Antibodies or immunoglobulins are proteins of paramount importance in the immune system. (plu.mx)
Antibodies are special proteins designed to attack and destroy foreign material, in this case, the cytomegalovirus. (encyclopedia.com)
A- After activation by an antigen-antibody complex, complement proteins opsonize the target cell. (yahoo.com)
C- After activation by an antigen-antibody complex, complement proteins form a membrane attack complex to lyse target cells. (yahoo.com)
Whenever there is an infection in the body, proteins called antibodies, which are capable of attacking the infectious agent, are formed in the blood. (encyclopedia.com)
Humoral immunity or humoural immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies , complement proteins , and certain antimicrobial peptides . (wikipedia.org)

Try using HRP conjugated protein G for WB detection in place of secondary antibody. (protocol-online.org)

We have addressed this question using the anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody F22-4, which was raised against Shigella flexneri serotype 2a and shown to protect against homologous infection in a mouse model. (pasteur.fr)
Here, we present a crystallographic and NMR study of the interaction of F22-4 with a dodecapeptide selected by phage display using the monoclonal antibody. (pasteur.fr)
Methods for preventing or treating an antibody-mediated diease in a patient are presented, the methods comprising administration of a monoclonal antibody capable of binding to a human CD40 antigen located on the surface of a human B cell, wherein the binding of the antibody to the CD40 antigen prevents the growth or differentiation of the B cell. (justia.com)
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were raised against a synthetic peptide containing the 15 carboxy-terminal amino acids (497-511) of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). The polyclonal antibodies (alpha P4) reacted with epitopes distributed along the 15-residue peptide, whereas the monoclonal antibody (P5D4) reacted with one epitope containing the five carboxy-terminal amino acids. (nih.gov)
Therapeutic activity of humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor FcγRIIIa gene," Blood 99:754-758, American Society of Hematology (Feb. 2002). (freepatentsonline.com)
What do you know about monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding specificity? (sartorius.com)

The present work presents a generic, simple and easy to use sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quasi-quantitative measurement of circulating immune complexes (CICs) formed by anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) in complex with human IgG in mouse plasma. (usda.gov)

Such antibodies can target different epitopes in E protein, and the fine specificities of polyclonal responses can differ between individuals. (asm.org)
Most precipitin tests use a polyclonal antiserum rather than monoclonal antibodies because polyclonal antibodies can bind to multiple epitopes, making lattice formation more likely. (tophat.com)
Polyclonal antiserum binds to multiple epitopes on an antigen, leading to lattice formation that results in a visible precipitin. (tophat.com)
it can vary dramatically, depending on the number of epitopes on the antigen and the class of antibody. (tophat.com)
Some antigens may have only one or two epitopes recognized by the antiserum, whereas other antigens may have many different epitopes and/or multiple instances of the same epitope on a single antigen molecule. (tophat.com)
Monoclonal antibodies useful in these methods, and epitopes immunoreactive with such monoclonal antibodies are also presented. (justia.com)
The reactivity of these antibodies and their revertants were investigated by ELISA and newly developed antigen-binding beads assay, which can detect conformational epitopes. (elsevier.com)

Immune complexes will activate the classical complement pathway. (oup.com)
The shape and size of complement system C1 components assembled on a SiO2 surface after classical activation by antigen-antibody complex was determined by tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). (edu.pl)
4] B. Walivaara, A. Askendal, I. Lundstrom and P. Tengvall: "Imaging of the early events of classical complement activation using antibodies and atomic force microscopy", J. Coll. (edu.pl)
9] J.W Goers, V.N. Schumaker, M.M. Glovsky, J. Rebek and H.J. Muller-Eberhard: "Complement activation by a univalent hapten-antibody complex", J. Biol. (edu.pl)
Complexes of antibodies belonging to certain immunoglobulin classes may activate complement. (thefreedictionary.com)
membrane attack complex (MAC) C5b,6,7,8,9, the five-molecule complex that is the cytolytic agent of the complement system. (thefreedictionary.com)
CD11b is protective in complement-mediated immune complex glomerulonephritis. (uchicago.edu)
Interaction of Immune Complexes with cells and complement taps into the metabolome and effector systems relevant to human pathology, including, at best, the NLRP3 inflammasome system. (immune-complex.ch)
Immune Complexes and their receptor lab analytics, including complement system piled up into big data warehouses need to be turned into smart data for the patients - a challenge for primary caretakers cross-examined with this website, immune-complex.ch. (immune-complex.ch)
The complement system plays a critical role in innate immune defense against pathogens, both via non-specific direct pathogen recognition and killing or via antigen-specific indirect recruitment by complement fixing antibodies. (usda.gov)
Direct immunofluorescent and ultrastructural studies of renal biopsy tissues demonstrated that two patients had linear deposits of IgM and C'3 in the absence of IgG, four diabetic patients had sclerosis-induced entrapment of immunoglobulins and complement, and one patient had granular immune complexes in the subepithelial and intramembranous portion of the glomerular basement membrane. (nih.gov)
18 Initial: Antigen-Antibody Complex Activation of Complement 1. (slideplayer.com)
The occurrence of soluble immune complexes (IC) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, four acute polyradiculoneuritis patients, 30 patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and 30 patients with disc prolapse (DP) was examined by a solid phase C1q-protein A binding assay (C1q-PABA) and a complement consumption test. (biomedsearch.com)
It also refers to the effector functions of antibodies, which include pathogen and toxin neutralization, classical complement activation, and opsonin promotion of phagocytosis and pathogen elimination. (wikipedia.org)
The C1 complex (complement component 1, C1) is a protein complex involved in the complement system. (wikipedia.org)
Activation of the C1 complex initiates the classical complement pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The antibodies IgM or certain subclasses of IgG complexed with antigens are able to initiate the complement system: a single pentameric IgM can initiate the pathway, while several monomeric IgG molecules are needed. (wikipedia.org)

In both infants this unusual lung disease was associated with circulating immunoglobulin M complexes and interstitial pulmonary deposits of IgM by immunofluorescence. (aappublications.org)
The product of the interaction between antigen and immunoglobulin. (oup.com)
The B cell is then stimulated by the CD40 ligand through the CD40 antigen on the B-cell surface, and also by soluble cytokines, causing the B cell to mature into a plasma cell secreting high levels of soluble immunoglobulin. (justia.com)
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies appear at the beginning of an infection and last only weeks. (encyclopedia.com)
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies appear 10-14 days later and can last a lifetime. (encyclopedia.com)

In this study, we investigated influences of IC immunization on the fine specificity of antibody responses in a structurally well-defined system, using the envelope (E) protein of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus as an immunogen. (asm.org)
Immunoassays using recombinant domains and domain combinations of TBE virus sE as well as the distantly related West Nile virus sE allowed the dissection and quantification of antibody subsets present in postimmunization sera, thus generating fine-specificity patterns of the polyclonal responses. (asm.org)
We demonstrated that phenomena such as epitope shielding and antibody-induced structural changes can profoundly influence the fine specificity of antibody responses to the same immunogen. (asm.org)
B-cells can neutralize pathogenic molecules by targeting them with extreme specificity using receptors secreted or expressed on their surface (antibodies). (dtu.dk)
Antibody specificity is dependent on several variables, such as chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site. (sartorius.com)
[3] The presence and specificity of compatibility antibodies became the major tool for standardizing the state of immunity and identifying the presence of previous infections . (wikipedia.org)

A foreign antigen will bind to surface immunoglobulins on specific B cells, triggering a chain of events including endocytosis, processing, presentation of processed peptides on MHC-class II molecules, and up-regulation of the B7 antigen on the B-cell surface. (justia.com)
It was concluded that some of the CIC observed in patients with leprosy were composed of IgG and IgM immunoglobulins against specific mycobacterial antigens. (unifesp.br)
We hypothesized that biological markers, including cytokines, immunoglobulins, IgA-immune complexes, IgA glycosylation and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), may discriminate IgA vasculitis (IgAV) pediatric patients with renal involvement from those without renal involvement. (bireme.br)

An important area of focus is the impact on antibody binding of amino acid substitutions in the epitope-could mutation lead to escape? (frontiersin.org)
On a more specific note, we want to assess if docking can be successful in characterizing the binding to the same influenza epitope of other antibodies with unknown structure, which has practical relevance for pharmaceutical and biological research. (rero.ch)
There were substantially different responses with two of the ICs, and the differences could be mechanistically related to (i) epitope shielding and (ii) antibody-mediated structural changes leading to dissociation of the sE dimer. (asm.org)
This is achieved via molecular interactions between the paratope (i.e., the antibody residues involved in the binding) and the interacting region (epitope) of its target molecule (antigen). (dtu.dk)
The aim of this work is to produce improved, antibody-specific epitope predictions by exploiting features derived from the antigens and their cognate antibodies structures, and combining them using statistical and machine learning algorithms. (dtu.dk)
Each antibody has two arms, each of which can bind to an epitope. (tophat.com)

The red ribbon is the light protein chain, which determines the specific structure that enables the antibody to recognise & bind to a particular antigen, in this case hen egg white lysozyme. (sciencephoto.com)
A polyvalent antigen can bind to more than one antibody and the immune complex tends to be large and insoluble and may accumulate in the kidney (see glomerulonephritis). (oup.com)
A lattice can form as antibodies bind more and more antigens together, resulting in a precipitin (Figure 1). (tophat.com)
Although mAbs may bind some antigens, the binding will occur less often, making it much less likely that a visible precipitin will form. (tophat.com)
While most antibodies bind antigen with high affinity, even high-affinity binding uses relatively weak noncovalent bonds, so that individual interactions will often break and new interactions will occur. (tophat.com)
The plasma protease C1 inhibitor (C1Inh, SERPING1) can bind the activated C1r and C1s proteases in the activated C1 complex, rendering them proteolytically inactive (Sim et al. (reactome.org)
Multispecific antibodies are artificially engineered molecules designed to bind simultaneously to several (different) antigens. (ijbm.org)
T cells bind to which type of cells that have found antigens in the lymph? (sporcle.com)
How do mAbs identify the right antigen to bind? (sartorius.com)
These auto-antibodies bind to the blood cells and forms clumps known as immune complexes. (encyclopedia.com)

When an antibody binds to two antigens, the two antigens become bound together by the antibody. (tophat.com)
A specific T cell then binds to the B cell via T-cell receptor (TCR) recognition of processed antigen presented on the MHC-class II molecule. (justia.com)
Each B cell has a unique antibody that binds with an antigen . (wikipedia.org)
This occurs when C1q binds to antigen-antibody complexes. (wikipedia.org)

Unfortunately, an unhealthy diet-too high in fat, cholesterol, and animal protein-can compromise the capacities of the lymphoid tissue to destroy invading antigens that make it through the intestinal wall. (bookpubco.com)

In studying the binding of host antibodies to the surface antigens of pathogens, the structural and functional characterization of antibody-antigen complexes by X-ray crystallography and binding assay is important. (frontiersin.org)
We describe a proof-of-principle, immune sandwich assay in which immune complexes link micron-size beads via DNA tethers to a sensor surface. (usda.gov)
Beads assay could detect more autoantibodies than ELISA, suggesting autoantibodies target to antigens with native conformation. (elsevier.com)
To construct a chemiluminescense immune quantification assay based one paired mAbs against complexed prostate specific antigen ( c-PSA). (bvsalud.org)

Here, we show that, given an initial structure of an antibody bound to an antigen, molecular dynamics simulations using the energy method molecular mechanics with Generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) can model the impact of single amino acid substitutions on antibody-antigen binding energy. (frontiersin.org)
Proliferation of other T cells and B cells that have already been bound to an antigen is regulated by which immune cell? (sporcle.com)

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. (curehunter.com)
The immune receptor-like loops offer a new surface for further study and potentially the design of molecules that would affect PD-1/PD-L1 complex formation and thereby modulate the immune response. (pnas.org)
Since their efficiency depends, in ultimate analysis, on their atomic interactions with an antigen, studying such interactions is important to understand how they function and, in the long run, to design new molecules with desired properties. (rero.ch)
inclusion complex one in which molecules of one type are enclosed within cavities in the crystalline lattice of another substance. (thefreedictionary.com)
Antibodies against mouse LFA-1, human LFA-1 or human LFA-3 and antibodies against mouse or human MHC class II molecules do not inhibit EL4B5-induced proliferation of human or murine B cells. (justia.com)
Crosslinking of the CD40 molecules with anti-CD40 antibodies mediates a variety of effects on B cells. (justia.com)
Conclusions - These results emphasize the importance of specifically screening heart transplantation candidates for the presence of IgG antibodies directed against MHC class II molecules and suggest that strategies aimed at their reduction may have an impact on the onset and frequency of high-grade cellular rejections after transplantation. (elsevier.com)
We developed a method termed ICOS (isolation of antigen-antibody complexes through organic solvent) for comprehensive isolation of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) bound to molecules on the cell surface. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
The intestinal mucosa absorbs and digests nutrients, turning large complex molecules into small simple ones. (bookpubco.com)
Normally, only the small molecules are allowed to pass through the intestinal wall, while the large ones that can act as antigens, causing immune reactions, have a limited ability to pass through. (bookpubco.com)
More particularly, the present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules, including fusion constructs, having catalytic activity and the use of same in glycosylation engineering of host cells to generate polypeptides with improved therapeutic properties, including antibodies with increased Fc receptor binding and increased effector function. (freepatentsonline.com)
The C1 complex is composed of 1 molecule of C1q, 2 molecules of C1r and 2 molecules of C1s, or C1qr2s2. (wikipedia.org)

The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction described here may be blocked by antibodies or by designed small-molecule drugs to lower inhibitory signaling that results in a stronger immune response. (pnas.org)
These assays can be expensive and time consuming to conduct, particularly if the required antibody is not to hand, and can only provide a limited understanding of the contribution that individual residues make to the interaction. (frontiersin.org)
As more antigen is added, the reaction enters the equivalence zone (or zone of equivalence), where both the optimal antigen-antibody interaction and maximal precipitation occur. (tophat.com)
Interaction between the CD28 antigen on T cells and the B7 antigen on B cells can provide a second signal further activating the T cell, resulting in high level cytokine secretion. (justia.com)
These findings indicate that the presence of beta 2GPI is an absolute requirement for antibody-phospholipid interaction, suggesting that bound beta 2GPI forms the antigen to which aPL antibodies are directed. (edu.au)

In 2019, the four V's make immune complexes even more thrilling: volume (molecular size), velocity (speed of complex formation between antibody and antigen), variety of information (results from lab tests detecting immune complexes) and value (what does this mean for the patient). (immune-complex.ch)

If you cannot find the target and/or product is not available in our catalog, please click here to contact us and request the product or submit your request for custom elisa kit production , custom recombinant protein production or custom antibody production . (mybiosource.com)
Such SIV-mAb-LTB macromolecular complexes bound to GM1-ganglioside in vitro, and when immunized systemically into mice were highly immunogenic, inducing both humoral and cell-mediated responses to the recombinant SIV antigens. (kent.ac.uk)
Methods Antibodies of antibody-secreting cells in human salivary glands were produced as recombinant antibodies. (elsevier.com)

3) ELISA tests for affinity of the antigen (FP) for antibody (Ab) were performed, and the dissociation constants were experimentally determined. (nii.ac.jp)
Unbinding forces of single antibody-antigen complexes correlate with their thermal dissociation rates", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 97, 2000, pp. 9972-9977. (uni-bielefeld.de)

However, we have found a degenerate interface in a high-affinity antibody-antigen complex: the two independent complexes of the camel variable domain antibody fragment cAb-Lys3 and its antigen hen egg white lysozyme present in the asymmetric unit of our crystals show a difference in relative orientation between antibody and antigen, leading to important differences at the protein-protein interface. (rcsb.org)
Our results show that protein-protein interface characteristics can vary significantly between different specimens of the same high-affinity antibody-protein antigen complex. (rcsb.org)
This article describes a biochemical investigation that lead up to an enhancement of the humanized nature and binding affinity of a broadly neutralizing hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific humanized antibody called HzKR127. (moleculardevices.com)
The affinity maturation was based on the crystal structure of antigen-antibody complex and that was achieved by mutating two residues in heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions (CDR). (moleculardevices.com)
For example, precipitation is enhanced when the antibodies have a high affinity for the antigen. (tophat.com)
Anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies that exhibit binding in cardiolipin (CL) ELISA can be purified to greater than 95% purity by sequential phospholipid affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. (edu.au)
Using sequential phospholipid affinity, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography, we have purified this cofactor to homogeneity and shown that the binding of aPL antibodies to CL requires the presence of this cofactor in a dose-dependent manner. (edu.au)

The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES. (curehunter.com)
Delayed maturation of the immune response in congenital rubella may predispose to persistent antigenemia and pulmonary deposition of rubella antigen-containing IgM complexes resulting in an acute form of interstitial pneumonia. (aappublications.org)
Chronic antigen-antibody deposition in joint. (slideplayer.com)

The response of lymphocytes from non-immunized humans to antigen-antibody complexes. (elsevier.com)

The yellow ribbon is the heavy protein chain, which determines the class of antibody. (sciencephoto.com)

The League of Consulting Detectives (LoCD) is an agency made up of detectives that Sherlock Holmes, founder and president of LoCD, calls monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (sartorius.com)

Below are the list of possible Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus protein products. (mybiosource.com)

Antibody blockade of either PD-1 or PD-L1 leads to increased antitumor immunity ( 10 ). (pnas.org)
Acetylation of an NB-LRR Plant Immune-Effector Complex Suppresses Immunity. (uchicago.edu)
Antibodies passing from the mother to the fetus via the placenta or breat milk to the infant is an example of what type of immunity? (sporcle.com)
To illuminate the complex role of neutrophils in infection, inflammation, and immunity, this special issue has gathered original and review articles that will help us expand our knowledge on neutrophil biology. (hindawi.com)
Its aspects involving antibodies are often called antibody-mediated immunity . (wikipedia.org)
[3] In 1897, Paul Ehrlich showed that antibodies form against the plant toxins ricin and abrin , and proposed that these antibodies are responsible for immunity. (wikipedia.org)

Detection of anti-MICA antibodies in patients awaiting kidney transplantation, during the post-transplant course, and in eluates from rejected kidney allografts by Luminex flow cytometry. (semanticscholar.org)
A novel label-free photocathodic immunosensor was constructed by introducing a direct Z-scheme I-BiOCl/CdS cathodic material as highly effective photocatalyst for the selective detection of carcino embryonic antigen (CEA). (usda.gov)
Correlation between antibodies to mannophosphoinositides & detection of antigen in circulating immune complexes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. (bvsalud.org)
The present disclosure relates to a solid phase immunoassay for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in a clinical specimen, wherein the Chlamydia trachomatis antigens to be determined are coated or adsorbed on the solid phase. (google.ca)
Both the rapid antigen detection test and throat culture were positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. (medscape.com)
These membrane-bound protein complexes have antibodies which are specific for antigen detection. (wikipedia.org)

Circulating Schistosoma mansoni soluble antigens (CSA), circulating anti- S. mansoni antibodies (CAb), and immune complexes (CIC) were studied in three groups of African patients living in the same area. (ajtmh.org)
12] A. Ramanaviciene, J. Acaite and A. Ramanavicius: "Circulating immune complexes as indicators of environmental contamination", Envir. (edu.pl)
Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were assayed in sera of leprosy patients. (unifesp.br)
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to detect the concentration of mannophosphoinositides in circulating immune complexes (CICs) and antibodies to these antigens in the sera of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis . (bvsalud.org)
Kidney-resident macrophages detect and scavenge circulating immune complexes "pumped" into the interstitium via trans-endothelial transport and trigger a FcγRIV-dependent inflammatory response and the recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils. (bireme.br)
Although the exact pathogenic mechanism underlying IgAN remains largely unknown, circulating IgA-containing immune complexes (IgA ICs) is considered to play a major role in initiating the development and evolution of the renal disorder. (springer.com)

For example, are there antibody substitutions capable of improving binding without a loss of breadth, or antigen substitutions that lead to antigenic escape? (frontiersin.org)
We apply the technique to three broad-spectrum antibodies to influenza A hemagglutinin and examine both previously characterized and novel variant strains observed in the human population that may give rise to antigenic escape. (frontiersin.org)
Factors governing antigenic and immunogenic mimicry, however, are complex and poorly understood. (pasteur.fr)
Although the peptide and decasaccharide use very similar regions of the antigen-binding site, indicating good antigenic mimicry, immunogenic mimicry by the peptide was not observed. (pasteur.fr)
Benefits and risks are associated with using all immunobiologics (i.e., an antigenic substance or antibody-containing preparation). (cdc.gov)

In particular, this invention relates to methods of preventing or treating antibody-mediated diseases such as IgE-mediated disease (allergies) and autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). (justia.com)

Abrogation of immune complex glomerulonephritis by native carboxypeptidase and pharmacological antagonism of the C5a receptor. (uchicago.edu)
The CD40 antigen is known to be related to the human nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-.alpha. (justia.com)
True or false: antibody structure is identical to the antibody receptor of their progenitor cell. (sporcle.com)
Evidence for pathogenic soluble receptor-Iga complexes in patients and CD89 transgenic mice. (springer.com)
What receptor do these more cerebral members of LoCD activate so they can recognize the IgG portion of antibodies bound to the tumor cells they want to target for take-down? (sartorius.com)
B- Antibody binding to host cell receptor triggers over-activation of receptor. (yahoo.com)
and a number of cytokines and cytokine-receptor complexes. (cancer.gov)

Any substance that triggers a response by the immune system is known as an antigen. (rarediseases.org)

A precipitin reaction typically involves adding soluble antigens to a test tube containing a solution of antibodies. (tophat.com)

In addition, FcγRIV and TLR pathways synergistically "super-activate" kidney macrophages when immune complexes contain a nucleic acid. (bireme.br)
These data identify a physiological function of tissue-resident kidney macrophages and a basic mechanism by which they initiate the inflammatory response to small immune complexes in the kidney. (bireme.br)

Antigen-Antibody Complex" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)

This study aims to clarify overall of autoantibody production at lesion site, including anti-centromere antibody (ACA)-positive SS. (elsevier.com)
Unlike type I cryoglobulinemia, the cryoglobulins in type II and type III contain rheumatoid factor, which is an autoantibody (i.e. an antibody that attacks the body own tissue). (rarediseases.org)

Crystal trials using the Fab fragment and peptide antigen alone were unsuccessful, but the inclusion of a protein G domain provided an additional variable that generated suitable crystals. (ox.ac.uk)

5) The amino acid sequence determination of antibody started in 1990 at the Institut Pasteur in Paris according to G. Winter's procedure. (nii.ac.jp)
We completely determined the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain in Ab-Fab in 1991, and found two consensus cysteine residues in comparison with the other antibody sequences. (nii.ac.jp)

Tumor antigen 90 (TA-90), a 90-kd glycoprotein, appears on the surface of melanoma cells and can be identified using an enzyme-linked immunoassay for the TA90 antigen-antibody complex in blood, said Dr. (thefreedictionary.com)
The CD40 antigen is a glycoprotein expressed on the cell surface of B cells. (justia.com)
Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). (edu.au)
Anti-phospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: β 2 -glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 87 (11), 4120-4124. (edu.au)

Tests that measure a specific type of antibody help tell the difference between a current and a past infection. (encyclopedia.com)
A specific type of antibody called anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is seen in the blood of about 90% of the patients with WG. (encyclopedia.com)

AIDS-related complex (ARC) a complex of signs and symptoms occurring in HIV infection including fever, weight loss, prolonged diarrhea, minor opportunistic infections, lymphadenopathy, and changes in cells of the immune system. (thefreedictionary.com)
When first exposed to CMV, a person's immune system is triggered and quickly makes antibodies to fight the virus. (encyclopedia.com)
After an infection, this virus, like all members of the herpes virus group, can stay hidden inside a person and cause infection if the person's immune system later weakens and antibody protection decreases. (encyclopedia.com)
Similarly, blood is usually screened for CMV antibodies before being transfused into a person with a weakened immune system. (encyclopedia.com)
In WG, the antibodies that are formed are directed against the white blood cells of the immune system. (encyclopedia.com)

Computational docking, the process of predicting the conformation of a complex from its separated components, is emerging as a fast and affordable technique for the structural characterization of antibody-antigen complexes. (rero.ch)

Association of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) reduced oxidase complex at the phagosomal membrane for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and delivery of proteolytic enzymes into the phagosome initiate pathogen killing and removal. (hindawi.com)

However, the characterization requires experiments that are typically time consuming and expensive: thus, many antibody-antigen complexes are under-characterized. (frontiersin.org)
The identification and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to highly mutable pathogens such as HIV ( 1 ) and influenza ( 2 , 3 ) has important consequences both for treatment and for vaccine development, but the structural understanding of antibody/antigen interactions is far from complete. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, for precipitin formation to be visible, there must be an optimal ratio of antibody to antigen. (tophat.com)

Antibodies to viral envelope protein E induced by natural infection or vaccination were shown to confer protection from disease. (asm.org)
These results provide evidence that these two complexes contain antigens with potential as markers for prepatent cyathostomin infection. (surrey.ac.uk)
17 Antigen-generation and Persistence in Type III Immediate Hypersensitivity Persistent Infection Leprosy Malaria Viral hepatitis Dengue hemorrhagic fever Staphylococcal Endocarditis Streptococcal glomerulonephritis Mononucleosis Autoimmunity Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythrematosis Persistent Exogenous Acquisition (Inhalation of Ag) Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (e.g. (slideplayer.com)
Therefore, it seems to be impossible to define the threshold titre for EA antibodies indicating active EBV infection. (nih.gov)
Antibodies to CMV are evidence of a current or past infection. (encyclopedia.com)
Antibody screening helps control the infection risk for these groups. (encyclopedia.com)
An antibody titer at least four times higher at the end of the illness than at the beginning, or the presence of IgM antibodies, indicates a recent or current first time infection. (encyclopedia.com)
These anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies are also found in other inflammatory conditions and diseases (such as HIV infection). (encyclopedia.com)

Which cells proliferate during the secondary antibody response, resulting in exponential growth of the antibody titer? (sporcle.com)

A serial dilution of preS1 fused onto GST was screed against the captured antibody ligand. (moleculardevices.com)

We find that in some cases the impact of a substitution is local, while in others it causes a reorientation of the antibody with wide-ranging impact on residue-residue interactions: this explains, in part, why the change in chemical properties of a residue can be, on its own, a poor predictor of overall change in binding energy. (frontiersin.org)
Prediction of site-specific interactions in antibody-antigen complexes: the proABC method and server. (plu.mx)

The complexes accumulate in the tissues and the blood vessels, leading to a tumor-like (granulomatous) inflammation of the blood vessels. (encyclopedia.com)

This method is called antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC ). (sartorius.com)

Generation of human monoclonal antibodies reactive with cellular antigens," Proc. (freepatentsonline.com)
Several microbicidal functions of neutrophils involve the activation of the NADPH oxidase complex for production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to mediate pathogen killing. (hindawi.com)

MMDB and VAST+: tracking structural similarities between macromolecular complexes. (nih.gov)

2) Purification of the monoclonal antibodies (Ab) against FP produced in BALb/c mice, and isoldrion of Fab segment (Ab-Fab) by partial digestion with papain enzyme. (nii.ac.jp)

The effect of these antibodies on intracellular transport and maturation of VSV-G was studied by microinjection. (nih.gov)
Conclusion We showed direct evidences of antigen-driven maturation of anti-SSA/SSB antibody and ACA in SS lesion. (elsevier.com)
The level of antigen expression in the bone marrow directly correlates with granulocyte differentiation and maturation. (abcam.com)

Crystals have been obtained of an antibody Fab fragment grown in the presence of a single domain from streptococcal protein G and a ten amino-acid peptide corresponding to the P1.7 serosubtype antigen from the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. (ox.ac.uk)

X-ray Structural Studies of Antigen-Antibody Complex Toward Malaria Vaccine Development. (nii.ac.jp)

Using an immunoassay for two mycobacterial antigens-phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) and glycolipid IV (SL-IV)-sera from 65 patients with leprosy (38 lepromatous, 18 borderline, and 9 tuberculoid) were studied. (unifesp.br)

Post transplant development of MICA and anti-HLA antibodies is associated with acute rejection episodes and renal allograft loss. (semanticscholar.org)
Background - Preformed anti-HLA antibodies reacting specifically with donor lymphocytes have been associated with acute vascular rejection and early cardiac allograft failure. (elsevier.com)
However, the effect of preformed anti-HLA antibodies directed against allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II antigens of a donor panel on heart transplantation outcome has not been extensively studied. (elsevier.com)
Methods and Results - The study group consisted of 68 patients who received cardiac transplants between 1989 and 1996 and who were at high risk for developing anti-HLA antibodies before transplantation. (elsevier.com)

PD-1 and PD-L1 interact through the conserved front and side of their Ig variable (IgV) domains, as do the IgV domains of antibodies and T cell receptors. (pnas.org)
This places the loops at the ends of the IgV domains on the same side of the PD-1/PD-L1 complex, forming a surface that is similar to the antigen-binding surface of antibodies and T cell receptors. (pnas.org)

Recently, therapeutic antibodies have proven one of the most successful treatment strategies for both hematologic cancers and solid tumors. (sartorius.com)
Get access to the best antibodies, discovery platforms, and know-how to advance your diagnostic and therapeutic programs. (abcam.com)

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of measuring antibodies to the glycopeptidolipid (GPL) core antigen specific to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). (biomedcentral.com)
Eighty percent of patients with NTM diseases in Japan have been infected with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Use of streptococcal protein G in obtaining crystals of an antibody Fab fragment in complex with a meningococcal antigen. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy14

Organisms5

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care4

Complement fixing hepatitis B core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with HBs antigen positive chronic disease. (1/4788)

Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. III. Modulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte hydrolase release response to Actinomyces viscosus and Streptococcus mutans by immunoglobulins and complement. (2/4788)

Autoantibodies to RNA polymerases recognize multiple subunits and demonstrate cross-reactivity with RNA polymerase complexes. (3/4788)

Abnormal responses to rubella infection. (4/4788)

Recognition of polynucleotides by antibodies to poly(I), poly(C). (5/4788)

Association and dissociation kinetics of bobwhite quail lysozyme with monoclonal antibody HyHEL-5. (6/4788)

Flexibility of the major antigenic loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus bound to a Fab fragment of a neutralising antibody: structure and neutralisation. (7/4788)

Induction of autoimmunity by multivalent immunodominant and subdominant T cell determinants of La (SS-B). (8/4788)

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Antibodies

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

Epitopes

Antigens

HLA Antigens

Antibodies, Viral

Antigen-Antibody Reactions

Antibody Specificity

Isoantibodies

Antigens, Viral

Antigens, Bacterial

Antibodies, Bacterial

Immunoglobulin Fragments

Hepatitis B Antibodies

Antigens, Neoplasm

Antigens, Surface

Antibody Formation

Hepatitis B Surface Antigens

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antibodies, Neutralizing

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Antibody Affinity

Time Factors

Antigens, Protozoan

Binding Sites, Antibody

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic

Cross Reactions

Antibodies, Protozoan

Antigens, CD

Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming

Antigens, Fungal

HIV Antibodies

Molecular Sequence Data

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Antigens, Helminth

Immunoglobulin M

Antibodies, Antinuclear

Antibodies, Neoplasm

Autoantibodies

Amino Acid Sequence

H-2 Antigens

Immune Sera

Antibodies, Fungal

T-Lymphocytes

Immunization

Antigens, Viral, Tumor

Neutralization Tests

HLA-DR Antigens

Cell Line

Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell

Rabbits

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Histocompatibility Antigens

Histocompatibility Antigens Class II

Antibodies, Bispecific

Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell

Hybridomas

B-Lymphocytes

Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen

Single-Chain Antibodies

O Antigens

Immunoglobulin A

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate

Lymphocyte Activation

Molecular Weight

Antibodies, Blocking

Prostate-Specific Antigen

Recombinant Proteins

Antigens, CD15

Antigens, CD3

Cells, Cultured

Antibodies, Heterophile

Complement Fixation Tests

Blood Group Antigens

Antigens, CD8

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect