Antifungal agents. Medical search

Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.

Cyclic hexapeptides of proline-ornithine-threonine-proline-threonine-serine. The cyclization with a single non-peptide bond can lead them to be incorrectly called DEPSIPEPTIDES, but the echinocandins lack ester links. Antifungal activity is via inhibition of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase production of BETA-GLUCANS.

A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).

Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.

An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.

A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.

Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.

Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.

A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.

Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.

A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.

Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).

Compounds consisting of a short peptide chain conjugated with an acyl chain.

Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.

A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals.

A steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL.

A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.

An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.

An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal CELL MEMBRANES. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.

The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance phenotype may be attributed to multiple gene mutations.

A species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI commonly found on the body surface. It causes opportunistic infections especially in immunocompromised patients.

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.

A synthetic antifungal agent.

A mitosporic fungal genus and an anamorphic form of Arthroderma. Various species attack the skin, nails, and hair.

A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates.

A form of invasive candidiasis where species of CANDIDA are present in the blood.

A mitosporic fungal genus previously called Monosporium. Teleomorphs include PSEUDALLESCHERIA.

A family of ascomycetous fungi, order Onygenales, characterized by smooth ascospores. Genera in the family include Arthroderma, Keratinomyces, and Ctenomyces. Several well-known anamorphic forms are parasitic upon the skin.

Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.

Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically.

Ascomycetous fungi, family Microascaceae, order Microascales, commonly found in the soil. They are causative agents of mycetoma, maduromycosis, and other infections in humans.

The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.

Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)

An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.

Hydrocarbons with more than one double bond. They are a reduced form of POLYYNES.

Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.

A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.

Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.

A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.

Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.

A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.

A species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin.

A species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI that is a major cause of SEPTICEMIA and disseminated CANDIDIASIS, especially in patients with LYMPHOMA; LEUKEMIA; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is also found as part of the normal human mucocutaneous flora.

A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.

A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.

A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.

A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.

Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.

An important nosocomial fungal infection with species of the genus CANDIDA, most frequently CANDIDA ALBICANS. Invasive candidiasis occurs when candidiasis goes beyond a superficial infection and manifests as CANDIDEMIA, deep tissue infection, or disseminated disease with deep organ involvement.

Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.

A mitosporic fungal genus that causes MYCETOMA in humans. Madurella grisea and M. mycetomatis are the etiological agents.

Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.

An order of ascomycetous FUNGI which includes many economically important plant parasites as well as saprophytes.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation of a small cutaneous nodule and small nodules along the lymphatics that may heal within several months; and 2, chronic granulomatous lesions characterized by thick crusts, warty growths, and unusual vascularity and infection in the middle or upper lobes of the lung.

Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.

Microscopic threadlike filaments in FUNGI that are filled with a layer of protoplasm. Collectively, the hyphae make up the MYCELIUM.

A mitosporic fungal genus occasionally causing human diseases such as pulmonary infections, mycotic keratitis, endocarditis, and opportunistic infections. Its teleomorph is BYSSOCHLAMYS.

A group of small, histidine-rich, cationic peptides in human SALIVA which are antibacterial and antifungal.

An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.

The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.

A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.

Cholestadiene derivatives containing a hydroxy group anywhere in the molecule.

The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound.

A mitosporic Oxygenales fungal genus causing various diseases of the skin and hair. The species Microsporum canis produces TINEA CAPITIS and tinea corporis, which usually are acquired from domestic cats and dogs. Teleomorphs includes Arthroderma (Nannizzia). (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th edition, p305)

A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.

A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (see TRICHOSPORONOSIS) and white PIEDRA.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order Mucorales (e.g., Absidia, Mucor, Rhizopus etc.) There are many clinical types associated with infection of the central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an opportunistic infection in patients with a chronic debilitating disease, particularly uncontrolled diabetes, or who are receiving immunosuppressive agents. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.

A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

A mitosporic fungal genus that causes a variety of skin disorders. Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare) causes TINEA VERSICOLOR.

Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Fungal infections caused by TRICHOSPORON that may become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST. Clinical manifestations range from superficial cutaneous infections to systemic lesions in multiple organs.

Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A mitosporic Ophiostomataceae fungal genus, whose species Sporothrix schenckii is a well-known animal pathogen. The conidia of this soil fungus may be inhaled causing a primary lung infection, or may infect independently via skin punctures.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

An enzyme that converts UDP glucosamine into chitin and UDP. EC 2.4.1.16.

Techniques used in microbiology.

Inflammation of the cornea.

Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.

A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-6-phosphate plus GLUTAMINE from GLUTAMATE plus glucosamine-6-phosphate.

An imperfect fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits, vegetables, etc.

Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.

A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.

Hypersensitivity reaction (ALLERGIC REACTION) to fungus ASPERGILLUS in an individual with long-standing BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. It is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, EOSINOPHILIA, elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, and skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen.

Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. Infections may result in allergic reaction (ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS), colonization in pulmonary cavities as fungus balls (MYCETOMA), or lead to invasion of the lung parenchyma (INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS).

Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta(1->6) linked side chains of various lengths. They are a major component of the CELL WALL of organisms and of soluble DIETARY FIBER.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.

Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection with members of Phycomycetes, an obsolete classification.

Cell wall components constituting a polysaccharide core found in fungi. They may act as antigens or structural substrates.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

A normally saprophytic mitosporic Chaetothyriales fungal genus. Infections in humans include PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; and PERITONITIS.. Exophiala jeanselmei (previously Phialophora jeanselmei) is an etiological agent of MYCETOMA.

Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

An order of zygomycetous fungi, usually saprophytic, causing damage to food in storage, but which may cause respiratory infection or MUCORMYCOSIS in persons suffering from other debilitating diseases.

Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)

Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that inhibit the function of agonists (DRUG AGONISM) and inverse agonists (DRUG INVERSE AGONISM) for a specific receptor. On their own, antagonists produce no effect by themselves to a receptor, and are said to have neither intrinsic activity nor efficacy.

Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

A method where a culturing surface inoculated with microbe is exposed to small disks containing known amounts of a chemical agent resulting in a zone of inhibition (usually in millimeters) of growth of the microbe corresponding to the susceptibility of the strain to the agent.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Compounds with a core of 10 carbons generally formed via the mevalonate pathway from the combination of 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. They are cyclized and oxidized in a variety of ways. Due to the low molecular weight many of them exist in the form of essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE).

The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.

A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure. Large cyclic lactones of over a dozen atoms are MACROLIDES.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

A mitosporic Ceratobasidiaceae fungal genus that is an important plant pathogen affecting potatoes and other plants. There are numerous teleomorphs.

Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).

The middle portion of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth, inferior to the SOFT PALATE, and superior to the base of the tongue and EPIGLOTTIS. It has a digestive function as food passes from the mouth into the oropharynx before entering ESOPHAGUS.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The complete gene complement contained in a set of chromosomes in a fungus.

Microbial and chemical transformations of some 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9,10-enes. (1/8644)

Resting cells of Streptomyces griseus, Mucor mucedo, and a growing culture of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus when mixed with compounds related to 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-4beta,15-diacetoxy-3alpha-ol(anguidine) produced a series of derivatives that were either partially hydrolyzed or selectively acylated. These derivatives showed marked differences in activities as assayed by antifungal and tissue culture cytotoxicity tests. (+info)

Early mycological treatment failure in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. (2/8644)

Cryptococcal meningitis causes significant morbidity and mortality in persons with AIDS. Of 236 AIDS patients treated with amphotericin B plus flucytosine, 29 (12%) died within 2 weeks and 62 (26%) died before 10 weeks. Just 129 (55%) of 236 patients were alive with negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures at 10 weeks. Multivariate analyses identified that titer of cryptococcal antigen in CSF, serum albumin level, and CD4 cell count, together with dose of amphotericin B, had the strongest joint association with failure to achieve negative CSF cultures by day 14. Among patients with similar CSF cryptococcal antigen titers, CD4 cell counts, and serum albumin levels, the odds of failure at week 10 for those without negative CSF cultures by day 14 was five times that for those with negative CSF cultures by day 14 (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-10.9). Prognosis is dismal for patients with AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis. Multivariate analyses identified three components that, along with initial treatment, have the strongest joint association with early outcome. Clearly, more effective initial therapy and patient management strategies that address immune function and nutritional status are needed to improve outcomes of this disease. (+info)

Infectious complications in 126 patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. (3/8644)

The effect of an extensive prophylactic antimicrobial regimen was prospectively assessed in 126 patients after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous PBSC. They received ciprofloxacin (500 mg/12 h), acyclovir (200 mg/6 h), and itraconazole (200 mg/12 h) orally until neutrophil recovery. Febrile patients received i.v. imipenem (500 mg/6 h) to which vancomycin and amikacin were added if fever persisted for 2-3 and 5 days, respectively. Amphotericin B lipid complex was further given on day 7 or 8 of fever. Median times for a neutrophil count of >0.5 x 10(9)/l and a platelet count of >20 x 10(9)/l were 9 and 11 days. Severe neutropenia (<0.1 x 10(9)/l) lasted for a median of 5 days in which 72% of febrile episodes and 50% of cases of bacteremia occurred. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 30 of 40 episodes of bacteremia, 25 of which were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Clinical foci were the intravascular catheter in 35 cases, respiratory infection in 11, cellulitis in two, anal abscess in one, and neutropenic enterocolitis in one. The high incidence of febrile episodes (94%) and bacteremias (31%) may be due to the lack of efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis and the persistence of a 5-day period of severe neutropenia. (+info)

Systemic candidiasis with candida vasculitis due to Candida kruzei in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. (4/8644)

Candida kruzei-related systemic infections are increasing in frequency, particularly in patients receiving prophylaxis with antifungal triazoles. A Caucasian male with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML M1) developed severe and persistent fever associated with a micropustular eruption scattered over the trunk and limbs during induction chemotherapy. Blood cultures grew Candida kruzei, and biopsies of the skin lesions revealed a candida vasculitis. He responded to high doses of liposomal amphotericin B and was discharged well from hospital. (+info)

Structure of the complex between the antibiotic cerulenin and its target, beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase. (5/8644)

In the biosynthesis of fatty acids, the beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthases catalyze chain elongation by the addition of two-carbon units derived from malonyl-ACP to an acyl group bound to either ACP or CoA. The enzyme is a possible drug target for treatment of certain cancers and for tuberculosis. The crystal structure of the complex of the enzyme from Escherichia coli, and the fungal mycotoxin cerulenin reveals that the inhibitor is bound in a hydrophobic pocket formed at the dimer interface. Cerulenin is covalently attached to the active site cysteine through its C2 carbon atom. The fit of the inhibitor to the active site is not optimal, and there is thus room for improvement through structure based design. (+info)

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (6/8644)

A new antifungal antibiotic, BE-31405, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Penicillium minioluteum F31405. BE-31405 was isolated by adsorption on high porous polymer resin (Diaion HP-20), followed by solvent extraction, precipitation and crystallization. BE-31405 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, but did not show cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells such as P388 mouse leukemia. The mechanism studies indicated that BE-31405 inhibited the protein synthesis of C. albicans but not of mammalian cells. (+info)

In vitro and in vivo activities of NS-718, a new lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B, against Aspergillus fumigatus. (7/8644)

We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo potencies of a new lipid nanosphere that incorporates amphotericin B (AmB), NS-718, against Aspergillus fumigatus. The in vitro activity of NS-718 (the MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited [MIC90], 0.25 microgram/ml) against 18 isolates of A. fumigatus was similar to that of deoxycholate AmB (D-AmB; Fungizone; MIC90, 0.25 microgram/ml), but NS-718 was more potent than liposomal AmB (L-AmB; AmBi-some; MIC90, 1.0 microgram/ml). The in vivo efficacy of NS-718 in a rat model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was compared with those of D-AmB and L-AmB. A low dose (1 mg/kg of body weight) of L-AmB was ineffective (survival rate, 0%), although equivalent doses of D-AmB and NS-718 were more effective (survival rate, 17%). However, a higher dose of NS-718 (3 mg/kg) was more effective (survival rate, 100%) than equivalent doses of D-AmB and L-AmB (survival rate, 0%). To explain these differences, pharmacokinetic studies showed higher concentrations of AmB in the plasma of rats treated with NS-718 than in the plasma of those treated with D-AmB. Our results suggest that NS-718, a new preparation of AmB, is a promising antifungal agent with activity against pulmonary aspergillosis. (+info)

Effect of fasting on temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (8/8644)

Evidence for temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B was recently reported in experimental animals. The role of food in these variations was determined by studying the effect of a short fasting period on the temporal variation in the renal toxicity of amphotericin B. Twenty-eight normally fed and 28 fasted female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Food was available ad libitum to the fed rats, while the fasted animals were fasted 12 h before and 24 h after amphotericin B injection to minimize stress for the animals. Water was available ad libitum to both groups of rats, which were maintained on a 14-h light, 10-h dark regimen (light on at 0600 h). Renal toxicity was determined by comparing the levels of excretion of renal enzyme and the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels at the time of the maximal (0700 h) or the minimal (1900 h) nephrotoxicity after the intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of dextrose (5%; control group) or amphotericin B (50 mg/kg of body weight; treated group) to the rats. The nephrotoxicities obtained after amphotericin B administration at both times of day were compared to the nephrotoxicities observed for time-matched controls. In fed animals, the 24-h urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase was significantly higher when amphotericin B was injected at 0700 and 1900 h. The excretion of these two enzymes was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in fasting rats, and this effect was larger at 0700 h (P < 0.05) than at 1900 h. The serum creatinine level was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fed animals treated at 0700 h than in fed animals treated at 1900 h. Fasting reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the increase in the serum creatinine level, and this effect was larger in the animals treated at 0700 h. Similar data were obtained for BUN levels. Amphotericin B accumulation was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the renal cortexes of fed rats than in those of fasted animals, but there was no difference according to the time of injection. These results demonstrated that fasting reduces the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B and that food availability is of crucial importance in the temporal variation in the renal toxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (+info)

However, ketoconazole has largely been replaced as a first-line systemic antifungal medication by other azole antifungal agents ... part 4. Synthesis and antifungal activity of ketoconazole, a new potent orally active broad-spectrum antifungal agent". Journal ... Tarbit MH, Robertson WR, Lambert A (1990). "Hepatic and Endocrine Effects of Azole Antifungal Agents". Chemotherapy of Fungal ... As with all azole antifungal agents, ketoconazole works principally by inhibiting the enzyme cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketoconazole

"Chapter 76:Antifungal Agents". Medical microbiology (4th ed.). Galveston, Tex.: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston ... Clioquinol has antiprotozoal and topical antifungal properties, however its use as an antiprotozoal agent has widely restricted ... It also serves as an anti-fouling agent in paints to cover and protect surfaces against mildew and algae. Clioquinol and PBT2 ... It is also used as a food additive, shelf-life extending agent in food packaging, and wood preservative in timber treatment. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionophore

It contains a water-repellent base (consisting of oils/waxes); protective and emollient agents; antibacterial and antifungal ... agents; and a weak anesthetic. As well as nappy rash, it can also be used to treat eczema, bedsores, minor burns, surface ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudocrem

Most treatments are topical or oral antifungal medications. Topical agents include ciclopirox nail paint, amorolfine or ... The name T. mentagrophytes is now restricted to the agent of favus skin infection of the mouse; though this fungus may be ... Avoiding use of oral antifungal therapy in persons without a confirmed infection is a particular concern because of the side ... Ciclopirox when used with terbinafine appears to be better than either agent alone. Oral medications include terbinafine (76% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onychomycosis

Ketoconazole, another antifungal agent used in medicated shampoos. References[edit]. *^ a b c WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). ... Selenium disulfide is sold as an antifungal agent in shampoos for the treatment of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis ... Zinc pyrithione, an antimicrobial agent used in many off the shelf shampoos ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium_disulfide

Odds, Frank C.; Brown, Alistair J.P.; Gow, Neil A.R. (2003). "Antifungal agents: mechanisms of action". Trends in Microbiology ... His studies of how the cell walls of fungal pathogenic species is assembled, responds to antifungal antibiotics and is ... recognised by the human immune system directly impacts on the design and use of antifungal drugs, diagnostics and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_A._R._Gow

Hiraki, J. (1995). "Basic and applied studies on ε-polylysine". Journal of Antibacterial Antifungal Agents. 23: 349-354. Mazia ... which offers a new way to deliver therapeutic agents specifically to the sites of injury after vascular damage. In 2010, ... which can be used either as surfactants or emulsifiers in the encapsulation of water-insoluble drugs or as antimicrobial agents ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylysine

... is an antifungal agent. 2-Aminotetralin () is alkylated with ethylchloroacetate to afford the glycine derivative. ... a novel type of antifungal agents". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (6): 1160-1. doi:10.1021/jm00318a039. PMID 6056048. v t ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethonam

Kimler, L. M. (1975). "Betanin, the red beet pigment, as an antifungal agent". Botanical Society of America, Abstracts of ... Betalains are responsible for the deep red color of beets, and are used commercially as food-coloring agents. Plant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_physiology

They usually contain a single use antifungal agent such as clotrimazole. Oral antifungal agents are also available. Pessaries ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pessary

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections; antiviral agents treat viral infections; and antifungal agents treat fungal ... Infectious diseases specialists employ a variety of antimicrobial agents to help treat infections. The type of antimicrobial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectious_disease_(medical_specialty)

Yoshida Y (1988). "Cytochrome P450 of fungi: primary target for azole antifungal agents". Current Topics in Medical Mycology. 2 ... Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM (January 1999). "Current and emerging azole antifungal agents". Clinical Microbiology ... Terconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat vaginal yeast infection. It comes as a lotion or a suppository and disrupts the ... 6. Synthesis and antifungal properties of terconazole, a novel triazole ketal". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 26 (4): 611-3. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terconazole

Van Der Linden, Jan W. M.; Warris, Adilia; Verweij, Paul E. (April 2011). "species intrinsically resistant to antifungal agents ... to the antifungal drug amphotericin B though it is generally thought susceptible to other antifungal drugs such as voriconazole ... Arendrup, M.C. (June 2014). "Update on antifungal resistance in Aspergillus and Candida". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. ... Resistance to Antifungal Drugs". Mycopathologia. 174 (2): 131-141. doi:10.1007/s11046-012-9526-y. PMID 22327841. Samson, R.A.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_alabamensis

"Pharmacotherapy Update - New Antifungal Agents: Additions to the Existing Armamentarium (Part 1)". Debono M, Gordee RS (1994 ... Boucher HW, Groll AH, Chiou CC, Walsh TJ (2004). "Newer systemic antifungal agents : pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy". ... 2006). "Pharmacology of Systemic Antifungal Agents". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 43 (Suppl 1): S28. doi:10.1086/504492. ... All three agents are well-tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being fever, rash, nausea, and phlebitis at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocandin

It has natural resistance to fluconazole, a standard antifungal agent. It is most often found in patients who have had prior ... geographic and temporal trends from the ARTEMIS DISK Antifungal Surveillance Program, 2001 to 2005". J. Clin. Microbiol. 46 (2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_krusei

Vaginal yeast infections are typically treated with topical antifungal agents.[20] Penile yeast infections are also treated ... "Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 48 (1): 161-7. doi:10.1128/AAC.48.1.161-167.2004. PMC 310176. PMID 14693534.. ... "Growing resistance to antifungal drugs 'a global issue'". BBC News. 17 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.. ... with antifungal agents, but while an internal treatment may be used (such as a pessary) for vaginal yeast infections, only ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidiasis

"Antifungal agents: chemotherapeutic targets and immunologic strategies". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 40 (2): 279-91 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenpropimorph

Schiller DS, Fung HB (September 2007). "Posaconazole: an extended-spectrum triazole antifungal agent". Clinical Therapeutics. ... Posaconazole, sold under the brand names Noxafil and Posanol is a triazole antifungal medication. It was approved for medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posaconazole

Although E. rostratum is sensitive to amphotericin B, a common antifungal agent, the severe and potentially lethal side-effects ... A recent drug repurposing screening of antifungal agents suggests the triazoles posaconazole and lanoconazole as useful ... "Molecular Identification and In Vitro Response to Antifungal Drugs of Clinical Isolates of Exserohilum". Antimicrobial Agents ... "In Vitro Studies of Exserohilum rostratum with Antifungal Drugs and Methylprednisolone". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Setosphaeria_rostrata

2007, 72, 6753-6757 doi:10.1021/jo0707939 Overhand, Mark; Hecht, Sidney M. (1994). "A Concise Synthesis of the Antifungal Agent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldwin's_rules

... was initially developed as an antifungal agent. However, this use was abandoned when it was discovered to have potent ... Rapamycin is used in biology research as an agent for chemically induced dimerization. In this application, rapamycin is added ... Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN (October 1975). "Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the ... Due to its immunosuppressant activity, Rapamycin has been assessed as prophylaxis or treatment agent of Graft-versus-host ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirolimus

Rimocidin Filipin Candicin Hamycin Perimycin Dermostatin "Antifungal Agents". Polyene Antifungal Drugs. NCBI Bookshelf. The ... Robbins, Nicole; Caplan, Tavia; Cowen, Leah E. (September 8, 2017). "Molecular Evolution of Antifungal Drug Resistance". Annual ... "Solution NMR structure of five representative glycosylated polyene macrolide antibiotics with a sterol-dependent antifungal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyene_antimycotic

... novel antifungal agents produced by Penicillium restrictum. I. Production, taxonomy of the producing organism and biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_restrictum

Martín, ML; San Román, L; Domínguez, A (1990). "In vitro activity of protoanemonin, an antifungal agent". Planta Medica. 56 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoanemonin

Miceli MH, Kauffman CA (November 2015). "Isavuconazole: A New Broad-Spectrum Triazole Antifungal Agent". Clinical Infectious ... January 2003). "Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of a novel water soluble prodrug of antifungal triazole". Bioorganic ... Isavuconazonium sulfate, sold under the brand name Cresemba, is a systemic antifungal medication of the triazole class which is ... Guinea J, Bouza E (December 2008). "Isavuconazole: a new and promising antifungal triazole for the treatment of invasive fungal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isavuconazonium

Studies have linked the anti-fungal activity of several anti-fungal agents to the inhibition of cystathionine beta-lyase; ... Jastrzębowska K, Gabriel I (February 2015). "Inhibitors of amino acids biosynthesis as antifungal agents". Amino Acids. 47 (2 ... leads for new antimicrobial agents and probes of enzyme structure and function". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 50 (4): 755-64 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystathionine_beta-lyase

Phenol is a disinfectant that functions as an antibacterial and antifungal agent. It prevents the growth of mold in its ... Various modifying agents are used to maintain the moisture, pH, and osmotic properties of the tissues along with anticoagulants ... Glycerin is a wetting agent that preserves liquid in the tissues of the cadaver. While it is not itself a true disinfectant, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadaver?rdfrom=http://www.tibetanbuddhistencyclopedia.com/en/index.php?title=Corpses&redirect=no

Fungicide - the other type of anti-fungal agents are fungicidal agents (fungicides). References[edit]. *^ "Definition of ... Fungistatics are anti-fungal agents that inhibit the growth of fungus (without killing the fungus).[1] The term fungistatic may ... Anti-fungal medicines[edit]. Fluconazole is a fungistatic antifungal medication that is administered orally or intravenously. ... Itraconazole (R51211), invented in 1984, is a triazole fungistatic antifungal agent prescribed to patients with fungal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungistatic

Itraconazole and voriconazole are first and second-line anti fungal agents respectively. Posaconazole can be used as third-line ... It is important to monitor the blood levels of antifungals to ensure optimal dosing as individuals vary in their absorption ... agent, for patients who are intolerant of or developed resistance to the first and second-line agents. Regular chest X-rays, ... For chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis and chronic fibrosing pulmonary aspergillosis, lifelong use of antifungal drugs is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_pulmonary_aspergillosis

... is resistant to the antifungal agent cycloheximide. However the growth of this species is inhibited by ... Geomyces pannorum has been identified as an agent of disfigurement of pigments used in the 15,000-year-old paintings on the ... Xanthomonas campestris and the causative agent of plant crown gall tumours, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fungal 18S rDNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomyces_pannorum

Biofilms are often resistant to commonly used antifungal agents because of difficulty in penetrating the extracellular ... Kluyveromyces marxianus is not usually an agent of human disease, although infection in humans can occur in immunocompromised ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluyveromyces_fragilis

... nor did local people ever use it as a calming agent. Its primary use is as an antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antifungal. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemopsis

Inhibitors of squalene epoxidase have found application mainly as antifungal drugs: butenafine naftifine terbinafine Since ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 40 (2): 443-7. PMC 163131 . PMID 8834895. Ryder NS (Feb 1992). "Terbinafine: mode of ... Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping Antifungal drug#Allylamines GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... epoxidase activity from the dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum and its inhibition by terbinafine and other antimycotic agents". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalene_monooxygenase

1990). "Visceral protothecosis mimicking sclerosing cholangitis in an immunocompetent host: successful antifungal therapy". Rev ... "Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis are the main agents of liver fluke infection of humans in Russia". Parasitol. Int ...

https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatit

Fungal corneal ulcers require intensive application of topical anti-fungal agents. Viral corneal ulceration caused by herpes ... These infectious agents produce proteases and collagenases which break down the corneal stroma. Complete loss of the stroma can ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal_ulcer

However, intravenous solutions of antiviral foscarnet and antifungal fluconazole are incompatible with pentamidine.[9] To avoid ... Antiprotozoal agents. *Amidines. *DNA-binding substances. *NMDA receptor antagonists. *Phenol ethers. *World Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentamidine

A number of common microfungi are important agents of post-harvest spoilage, notably members of the genera Aspergillus, ... Müller FM, Seidler M (August 2010). "Characteristics of pathogenic fungi and antifungal therapy in cystic fibrosis". Expert Rev ... "Housing interventions and control of asthma-related indoor biologic agents: a review of the evidence". J Public Health Manag ... "Respiratory and Allergic Health Effects of Dampness, Mold, and Dampness-Related Agents: A Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_mold

Tripropeptins, novel antimicrobial agents produced by Lysobacter sp. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 57:52-8. Hashizume, H., M. Igarashi, S ... The identification of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol as an antifungal metabolite produced by cutaneous bacteria of the salamander ... Bean rust biological control using bacterial agents. Crop Protection 20:395-402. Jochum, C. C., L. E. Osborne, and G. Y. Yuen. ... Tripropeptins, novel antimicrobial agents produced by Lysobacter sp. I. Taxonomy, isolation and biological activities. J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysobacter

The antigen (usually a protein or carbohydrate made by an infectious agent) is bound by the antibody, allowing this type of ... whereas fungal and viral infections are treated with antifungals and antivirals respectively. A broad class of drugs known as ... Identification of an infectious agent for a minor illness can be as simple as clinical presentation; such as gastrointestinal ... Fast and relatively simple biochemical tests can be used to identify infectious agents. For bacterial identification, the use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology

antifungal, alkalinizing agents, quinolones, antibiotics, cholinergics, anticholinergics, antispasmodics, 5-alpha reductase ... antibiotics, antifungals, antileprotics, antituberculous drugs, antimalarials, anthelmintics, amoebicides, antivirals, ... In the inter-war period, the first anti-bacterial agents such as the sulpha antibiotics were developed. The Second World War ... emollients, anti-pruritics, antifungals, disinfectants, scabicides, pediculicides, tar products, vitamin A derivatives, vitamin ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical

Cannabinoids are used in patients with cachexia, cytotoxic nausea, and vomiting, or who are unresponsive to other agents. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiemetic

CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., triazole antifungal medications such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole; macrolide antibiotics ... Domperidone, by acting as an anti-dopaminergic agent, results in increased prolactin secretion, and thus promotes lactation ( ... gastroprokinetic agent, and galactagogue.[1][6][7] It may be administered orally or rectally, and is available in the form of ... Ung D, Parkman HP, Nagar S (October 2009). "Metabolic interactions between prokinetic agents domperidone and erythromycin: an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domperidone

... products for more than 100 antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, antifungal agents and antimycobacterial agents ... Etest was first presented at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) in Los Angeles in ... for the determination of precise MIC values of a wide range of antimicrobial agents against different organism groups. When ... as the medium supports good growth of the test organism and does not interfere with the activity of the antimicrobial agent. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etest

Weisberg E (May 1999). "Interactions between oral contraceptives and antifungals/antibacterials. Is contraceptive failure the ... "General Background: Antibiotic Agents". Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics. http://www.tufts.edu/med/apua/about_issue/ ... agents.shtml#1. pristupljeno December 21, 2014. *↑ Rogers RS, Seehafer JR, Perry HO (February 1982). "Treatment of cicatricial ... Agents Chemother. 51 (12): 4255-60. PMC 2167999. PMID 17923487. doi:10.1128/AAC.00824-07. ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotici

Anti-fungal cream. *Tincture of benzoin - often in the form of an individually sealed swabstick or ampule, protects the skin ... Hemostatic agents may be included in first aid kits, especially military or tactical kits, to promote clotting for severe ... Burn gel - a water-based gel that acts as a cooling agent and often includes a mild anaesthetic such as lidocaine and, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_aid_kit

Talalay, P; Talalay, P (2001). "The importance of using scientific principles in the development of medicinal agents from ... antifungal, and antihelminthic properties, a plausible case can be made for self-medication by animals in the wild.[88] ... "Which botanicals or other unconventional anticancer agents should we take to clinical trial?". J Soc Integr Oncol. 5 (3): 125- ... and pseudoscientific practices of using unrefined plant or animal extracts as supposed medicines or health-promoting agents.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbology

... allow better penetration of topical antifungal agents, or improve cosmesis, all in effort to improve the patient's "quality of ... The antifungal treatment of many other trichophyton foot infections has alleviated symptoms of hypersensitivity, asthma, and ... Sensitization does not usually take place immediately, but rather after months or years of exposure to the agent. Once ... There are oral and topical antifungal therapies for this condition, however, in some instances cutting, filing, or abrading the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_human_nail_dust

Required for vulcanization of rubber, additive to concrete, sunscreen, skin care lotions, antibacterial and antifungal ... oxidizing agent in rocketry, aerosol propellant, recreational drug, greenhouse gas. Other nitrogen oxides such as NO. 2NO. 2 ( ...

https://ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ഓക്സൈഡുകൾ

"Evaluation of antifungal activity of carbonate and bicarbonate salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agents in control ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/അണുനാശിനി

Psychotropic agents[edit]. Other psychotropic analgesic agents include ketamine (an NMDA receptor antagonist), clonidine and ... Unselective agents Aceclofenac. Comes in betadex salt and free acid forms; practically insoluble in water, soluble in many ... Other agents directly potentiate the effects of analgesics, such as using hydroxyzine, promethazine, carisoprodol, or ... When choosing analgesics, the severity and response to other medication determines the choice of agent; the World Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algesic

... an antifungal agent, and an antiparasitic agent. ... It is also used in anti-fungal wallboards as a mixture with ... "Evolutionarily Repurposed Networks Reveal the Well-Known Antifungal Drug Thiabendazole to Be a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent" ... Tiabendazole is also a chelating agent, which means it is used medicinally to bind metals in cases of metal poisoning, such as ... It has also been shown to serve as a vascular disrupting agent to reduce newly established blood vessels. Tiabendazole has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiabendazole

It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant,[119] or as a wakefulness-promoting agent.[120] ... Tashkin, D. P. (1 March 2001). "Airway effects of marijuana, cocaine, and other inhaled illicit agents". Current Opinion in ... and anorectic agent.[112] It is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations. In veterinary ... "Phenylisopropylamine stimulants: amphetamine-related agents". In Lemke TL, Williams DA, Roche VF, Zito W (eds.). Foye's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulants

"Lipopeptides as the Antifungal and Antibacterial Agents: Applications in Food Safety and Therapeutics". BioMed Research ... US granted 6911525, Hill J, et al., "Lipopeptides as antibacterial agents", published 28 February 2002, assigned to Cubist ... Nasir MN, Besson F (May 2012). "Interactions of the antifungal mycosubtilin with ergosterol-containing interfacial monolayers ... Certain lipopeptides can have strong antifungal and hemolytic activities.[7] It has been demonstrated that their activity is ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopeptide

Available agents[edit]. Main article: List of antineoplastic agents. There is an extensive list of antineoplastic agents. ... Alkylating agents[edit]. Main article: Alkylating antineoplastic agent. Alkylating agents are the oldest group of ... Siddik ZH (2005). Mechanisms of Action of Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents: DNA-Interactive Alkylating Agents and Antitumour ... Anti-microtubule agents[edit]. Vinca alkaloids prevent the assembly of microtubules, whereas taxanes prevent their disassembly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

List of agents[edit]. Adrenaline releasing agents[edit]. Main article: Norepinephrine releasing agent ... 3 List of agents *3.1 Adrenaline releasing agents *3.1.1 Common or widely marketed ... since these agents lose effectiveness after a few days. ... Antifungals. *Antivirals. *Antiparasitics *Antiprotozoals. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decongestant

... and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy.[24] Several such agents are already available or under ... Similarly diamines, useful in the rubber industry as antiozone agents, are produced similarly from aniline: C6H4(OH)2 + 2 C6H5 ... Hydroquinone has a variety of uses principally associated with its action as a reducing agent that is soluble in water. It is a ... While using hydroquinone as a lightening agent can be effective with proper use, it can also cause skin sensitivity. Using a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroquinone

Antimicrobial and antifungal agents (especially in Hydradephaga). *A means to increase wetability of the integument (especially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adephaga

... antifungal and antiparasitic (including antiprotozoal and antihelminthic) agents. Depending on the severity and the type of ... First, the catalog of infectious agents has grown to the point that virtually all of the significant infectious agents of the ... The top three single agent/disease killers are HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria. While the number of deaths due to nearly every disease ... In this case, xenodiagnosis involves the use of the vector of the Chagas agent T. cruzi, an uninfected triatomine bug, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection

methoxyacrylate strobilurin antifungal agent Definition : Any strobilurin antifungal agent that contains a methoxyacrylate ... methoxyiminoacetate strobilurin antifungal agent Definition : Any strobilurin antifungal agent that contains a ... methoxycarbanilate strobilurin antifungal agent Definition : Any strobilurin antifungal agent that contains a ... methoxyiminoacetamide strobilurin antifungal agent Definition : Any strobilurin antifungal agent that contains a ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/chebiOntology.do

Antifungal agents. Class Summary. With these agents, the mechanism of action may involve an alteration in cell membrane ... It is a synthetic triazole antifungal agent that slows fungal cell growth by inhibiting cytochrome P-450-dependent synthesis of ... Clotrimazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that inhibits yeast and fungal growth by altering cell membrane permeability ... Several antifungal products from both classes are available for topical and systemic administration. [35] ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1118316-medication

Antifungal agents. Class Summary. Their mechanism of action may involve increasing the permeability of the cell membrane, which ... Another triazole antifungal agent, isavuconazole, is also indicated for invasive aspergillosis. Amphotericin may sometimes be ... It is a triazole antifungal agent that inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450-mediated 14 alpha-lanosterol demethylation, which is ... Isavuconazole is a triazole antifungal agent. Isavuconazole is the active moiety of the prodrug isavuconazonium sulfate. It is ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296052-medication

Antifungal agents. Azole antifungal agents. These are the most widely used antifungal drugs, and act primarily by inhibiting ... Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40: 279-291.. *13. Boucher HW, Groll AH, Chiou C, Walsh TJ. Newer systemic antifungal agents ... Classes of antifungal agents. Most antifungal drugs interfere with biosynthesis or integrity of ergosterol, the major sterol in ... Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 1862-1865.. *22. Patel R. Antifungal agents. Part I. Amphotericin B preparations and ...

https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2007/187/7/antifungal-agents

Short and Long-term Safety of Micafungin and Other Parenteral Antifungal Agents. *Systemic Fungal Infections ... Hygienic Socks With Antifungal Agent-loaded Microcapsules for Patients With Tinea Pedis. *Tinea Pedis ... Antifungal Use in Oncohematological Neutropenic Patients. *Invader Fungal Infection. *Drug: Antifungal drug. VORICONAZOL. ( ... PEACE: Pediatric Antifungal Comparative Effectiveness. *Pediatric Invasive Candidiasis. *Drug: Observational antifungal therapy ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?intr=%22Antifungal+Agents%22

WebMD provides information about interactions between Methylpred Oral and selected-corticosteroids-selected-azole-antifungal- ... Selected Corticosteroids/Selected Azole Antifungal Agents Interactions. This information is generalized and not intended as ...

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-53002/methylpred-oral/details/list-interaction-details/dmid-1503/dmtitle-selected-corticosteroids-selected-azole-antifungal-agents/intrtype-drug

WebMD provides information about interactions between Gengraf Oral and selected-immunosuppressants-selected-azole-antifungal- ... Selected Immunosuppressants/Selected Azole Antifungal Agents Interactions. This information is generalized and not intended as ... Antifungal medicines may may slow down how quickly your body processes cyclosporine, sirolimus, tacrolimus, and temsirolimus. ... Interactions between anti-infective agents and immunosuppressants-Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation ...

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-18255-3108/gengraf-oral/cyclosporine-microemulsion-solution-oral/details/list-interaction-details/dmid-47/dmtitle-selected-immunosuppressants-selected-azole-antifungal-agents/intrtype-drug

The first generation antifungal agent triazoles, fluconazole and itraconazole, have revolutionised the treatment of serious ... The search for new triazole antifungal agents Curr Opin Chem Biol. 1997 Aug;1(2):176-82. doi: 10.1016/s1367-5931(97)80007-5. ... The first generation antifungal agent triazoles, fluconazole and itraconazole, have revolutionised the treatment of serious ... is still far from satisfactory and thus there is an important requirement for new broad-spectrum antifungal agents. The new ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9667858/?dopt=Abstract

Small molecules that target group II introns are potent antifungal agents.. Fedorova O1,2, Jagdmann GE Jr3, Adams RL2, Yuan L3 ... The compounds are potent growth inhibitors of the pathogen Candida parapsilosis, displaying antifungal activity comparable to ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=30323219

Candida glabrata: in vitro susceptibility of 84 isolates to eight antifungal agents.. Arias A1, Arévalo MP, Andreu A, Rodríguez ... Among the eight antifungal agents tested, the smaller geometric mean corresponded to tioconazole, econazole, clotrimazole and ... isolates of Candida glabrata from patients treated at the University Hospital of the Canary islands to eight antifungal agents ... observing a similar response with the five imidazole antifungals tested. The highest rate of resistance was found when ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8697885?dopt=Abstract

4. Need of New Antifungal Agents. Potential pharmacological strategies include the use of (i) new formulations of antifungals, ... A second general source of antifungal agents comprises nonpolymeric synthetic agents, which can be classified into four groups ... 3. Mechanisms of Resistance against Antifungal Agents. Antifungal resistance is based on different mechanisms, namely, (i) ... only few classes of antifungal agents are currently available in oral and intravenous forms. Additionally antifungal resistance ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2013/204237/

H. L. Hoffman, E. J. Ernst, and M. E. Klepser, "Novel triazole antifungal agents," Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, vol ... M. K. Kathiravan, A. B. Salake, A. S. Chothe et al., "The biology and chemistry of antifungal agents: a review," Bioorganic & ... E. S. D. Ashley, R. Lewis, J. S. Lewis, C. Martin, and D. Andes, "Pharmacology of systemic antifungal agents," Clinical ... D. Sanglard and F. C. Odds, "Resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents: molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2013/204237/ref/

Purification increased the antifungal properties of the extracts. The growth of brown-rot fungi was inhibited by the tannins ... Antioxidative and antifungal response of woody species to environmental conditions in the urban area ... Julkunen-Tiitto, R., Häggman, H. Tannins and tannin agents. (Eds.) Bechtold, T., Mussak, R. In: Handbook of Natural Colorants. ... Cowan, M. (1999) Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12:564-582.PubMedGoogle Scholar ...

https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2013.67.issue-7/hf-2012-0154/hf-2012-0154.xml

It replaces the previous position statement published in 2007 [2]. TABLE 1 Selected topical antifungal agents… ... Antifungal agents for common outpatient paediatric infections. Posted: Dec 1 2007 , Updated: Jul 26 2012 , Reaffirmed: Feb 28 ... Response to antifungal agents is usually good in neonates with no major underlying condition, but a prolonged course may be ... Many topical antifungals are effective against tinea pedis. Drying agents, such as Burows solution, may be a useful adjunct ...

https://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/antifungal-agents-common-infections

... methods for finding novel drug targets and evaluating antifungal resistance have become more ... With the growing frequency of fungal infections even as resistance to existing antifungal agents increases, ... In Antifungal Agents: Methods and Protocols, expert scientists describe in detail the state-of-the-art molecular methods they ... With the growing frequency of fungal infections even as resistance to existing antifungal agents increases, methods for finding ...

https://rd.springer.com/book/10.1385/1592599435

Screening for Antifungal Peptides and Their Modes of Action in Aspergillus nidulans Daniel Mania, Kai Hilpert, Serge Ruden, ... Western Bats as a Reservoir of Novel Streptomyces Species with Antifungal Activity Paris S. Hamm, Nicole A. Caimi, Diana E. ... Vesicular Delivery of the Antifungal Antibiotics of Lysobacter enzymogenes C3 The data presented here suggest a newly ... Exploring Mechanisms of Resistance to Respiratory Inhibitors in Field Strains of Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent of Gray ...

https://aem.asm.org/keyword/antifungal-agents

New research shows that lavender oil is a potent antifungal agent.. Lavender oil could be used to combat the increasing ... Lavender Oil Shown to be a Potent Anti-Fungal Agent. *February 17, 2011 ... Lavender Oil has Potent Antifungal Effect. Lavender oil could be used to combat the increasing incidence of antifungal- ... The essential oil shows a potent antifungal effect against strains of fungi responsible for common skin and nail infections. ...

https://www.massagemag.com/lavender-oil-shown-to-be-a-potent-anti-fungal-agent-8667/

Colloidal Silver - Master Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Antiviral Agent. by David E Marsh(more info) ... The history of silver as a healing agent is well catalogued in books, scientific papers, articles, essays, lectures, on the ... http://www.positivehealth.com/article/infections/colloidal-silver-antimicrobial-antifungal-and-antiviral-mechanisms-with- ...

http://www.positivehealth.com/article/infections/colloidal-silver-master-antimicrobial-antifungal-and-antiviral-agent

CH807 - Clinical Pharmacology of Antifungal Agents. Courses. Code. Course Title. Format. Tuition. Date(s). Register By. ...

https://michener.ca/ce_course/clinical-pharmacology-antifungal-agents/

... we at Orbis Research present the 2017 Global Antifungal Agents Market professional su ... 1.1.1 Definition of Antifungal Agents. 1.1.2 Specifications of Antifungal Agents. 1.2 Classification of Antifungal Agents. 1.2. ... Chapter One: Industry Overview of Antifungal Agents. 1.1 Definition and Specifications of Antifungal Agents. ... Global Antifungal Agents Market Professional Survey Overview, Research, Size And Forecast 2017. May 8th, 2017 orbisresearch.com ...

https://www.medgadget.com/2017/05/global-antifungal-agents-market-professional-survey-overview-research-size-and-forecast-2017.html

Antifungal agents for infants and children with invasive fungal infections. Invasive fungal infections are a significant ... No significant differences have been observed in children when other antifungal agents have been compared. More studies in ... No differences in mortality or treatment efficacy were observed when antifungal agents were compared. Children are less likely ... We included seven trials of antifungal agents in children with prolonged fever and neutropenia (suspected fungal infection) and ...

https://www.cochrane.org/CD006343/GYNAECA_antifungal-agents-for-infants-and-children-with-invasive-fungal-infections

Voriconazole is a first-line antifungal agent. Therapeutic drug monitoring is a standard of care. ... Manogepix is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that inhibits glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis. Using ... that sense conserved fungal cell wall constituents may provide suitable immunotherapeutic antifungal agents. Thus, we explored ... Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended to prevent invasive fungal disease caused by Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and ...

https://aac.asm.org/keyword/antifungal-therapy

Conclusiml: Both candins mid new-generation azoles are tllOl~e promising antifungal agents, but mole evidence is needed. ... A striking observation in the study was that VRCZ became the first antifungal that showed superior treatment efficacy over AMPH ... Vmiconazole (VRCZ) is now recognized as tile first-line antifungal in tile treatment of invasive aspergillosis, based on a ... and is approved as a prophylactic antifungal in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Voricormzole. ...

https://www.aspergillus.org.uk/content/new-antifungal-agents

Voriconazole is a second-generation azole antifungal agent that shows excellent in vitro activity against a wide variety of ... Voriconazole: a new triazole antifungal agent Clin Infect Dis. 2003 Mar 1;36(5):630-7. doi: 10.1086/367933. Epub 2003 Feb 10. ... Voriconazole is a second-generation azole antifungal agent that shows excellent in vitro activity against a wide variety of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12594645/?dopt=Abstract

While some of these agents offer better efficacy, others are proving their value more in improved tolerability, said John R. 1 ... and treatment of invasive fungal infections is being improved by the relatively recent introduction of new antifungal agents. ... improved by the relatively recent introduction of new antifungal. agents. While some of these agents offer better efficacy, ... spectrum of antifungal activity, improved bioavailability, and fewer. drug interactions.. Other new generations of antifungal ...

http://www.cancernetwork.com/articles/optimal-use-newer-antifungal-agents

... glabrata and with the Activities of Six Comparator Agents Ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) is a novel first-in-class antifungal agent ... Activity of a Long-Acting Echinocandin, Rezafungin, and Comparator Antifungal Agents Tested against Contemporary Invasive ... and Candida bracarensis Virulence and Antifungal Efficacy Although Candida albicans remains the major etiological agent of ... Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Clinical Lomentospora prolificans Isolates Lomentospora ...

https://aac.asm.org/keyword/antifungal-susceptibility-testing

Antifungal Agents. Miconazole. Anti-Infective Agents. 14-alpha Demethylase Inhibitors. Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors. ... Hygienic Socks With Antifungal Agent-loaded Microcapsules for Patients With Tinea Pedis. The safety and scientific validity of ... Drug: Anti-fungal agent (Clotrimazole) loaded microcapsules Clotrimazole loaded microcapsules padded on socks and the patient ... This is a study of hygienic socks with antifungal agent-loaded microcapsules for subjects with interdigital type tinea pedis ( ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01524432?term=Clotrimazole&rank=28

Therefore, this screening reveals agent, CV-3988 that was previously unknown to be antifungal agent, which could be a novel ... using an antifungal susceptibility test (AST). To investigate the antifungal effects of the hit compounds, ASTs were conducted ... using an antifungal susceptibility test (AST). To investigate the antifungal effects of the hit compounds, ASTs were conducted ... The current antifungal therapies either have toxic side effects or are insufficiently effect. The aim of this study is develop ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01453/full

... antifungal, and antiviral agent containing the same as the active agent; and an antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral ... The agent has a wide antibacterial and antifungal spectrum and an antiviral activity, is well compatible with various vehicles ... composition containing the above agent and a vehicle or a carrier. ... antifungal, and antiviral activities, may be directly used as an antibacterial agent, antifungal agent, or an antiviral agent. ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US5792793A/en

Quality Control Limits for Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Tests of Ten Antifungal Agents. A. L. Barry, M. A. Pfaller, S. D ... Proposed MIC ranges of various antifungal agents for two quality control strains of Candida spp. when tested by the NCCLS ... A standard reference method for testing the susceptibility of yeasts to antifungal agents has now been defined by the National ... Quality Control Limits for Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Tests of Ten Antifungal Agents ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/38/9/3457

The compounds are potent growth inhibitors of the pathogen Candida parapsilosis, displaying antifungal activity comparable to that of amphotericin B. These studies demonstrate that RNA tertiary structures can be successfully targeted de novo, resulting in pharmacologically valuable compounds. (nih.gov)
Candida glabrata: in vitro susceptibility of 84 isolates to eight antifungal agents. (nih.gov)
The in vitro susceptibility of 84 isolates of Candida glabrata from patients treated at the University Hospital of the Canary islands to eight antifungal agents (amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole, miconazole, clotrimazole, tioconazole and econazole) has been studied using the broth dilution micro-method. (nih.gov)
Here, we briefly review our current knowledge of pathogenic species of the genus Candida and yeast infection causes and then focus on current antifungal drugs and resistance mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Although the antifungal drugs used in clinical treatments appear to be diverse and numerous, only few classes of antifungal agents are currently available to treat mucosal or systemic infections with Candida spp. (hindawi.com)
D. Sanglard and F. C. Odds, "Resistance of Candida species to antifungal agents: molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences," The Lancet Infectious Diseases , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 73-85, 2002. (hindawi.com)
Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended to prevent invasive fungal disease caused by Candida spp. (asm.org)
Although Candida albicans remains the major etiological agent of invasive candidiasis, Candida glabrata and other emerging species of Candida are increasingly isolated. (asm.org)
The aim of this study is develop new small-molecule antifungal compounds by library screening methods using Candida albicans , and to evaluate their antifungal effects on Candida biofilms and cytotoxic effects on human cells. (frontiersin.org)
To investigate the antifungal effects of the hit compounds, ASTs were conducted using Candida strains in various growth modes, including biofilms. (frontiersin.org)
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata is the second most common isolate from bloodstream infections worldwide and is naturally less susceptible to the antifungal drug fluconazole than other Candida species. (scielo.br)
1996) and most clinical isolates are innately less susceptible to antifungal treatment with azole compounds than other Candida species (Pfaller & Diekema 2004, Richter et al. (scielo.br)
This study was carried out from October 2003 to March 2007 to investigate susceptibility patterns to antifungals of Candida strains isolated from 410 immunocompromised patients in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
Objective: The goal of this work was to synthesize a series of 1,3-benzoxathiol-2-one derivatives, XYbenzo[ d][1,3]oxathiol-2-ones, and evaluate their antifungal activity against five Candida species. (eurekaselect.com)
The oil was also lethal to Candida albicans, similar to the therapeutic action of the antifungal nystatin. (greenmedinfo.com)
A 2010 study evaluated the antifungal activity of their extracts against 25 strains of Malassezia furfur, 18 strains of Candida albicans, 12 strains of other Candida species and 35 strains of various dermatophytes, comparing them with the action of the known antifungal drug ketoconazole. (greenmedinfo.com)
Antifungal activity was evaluated against Candida sp. (rroij.com)

Voriconazole is usually first-line therapy, sometimes in combination with other agents, such as caspofungin. (medscape.com)
For invasive aspergillosis and CNPA, specific antifungal therapy with oral or intravenous voriconazole is the usual initial therapy. (medscape.com)
At the time of writing, three agents, voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin, have been licensed for use in Australia, with anidulafungin on the horizon. (mja.com.au)
Voriconazole is a second-generation azole antifungal agent that shows excellent in vitro activity against a wide variety of yeasts and molds. (nih.gov)
TMC125-TiDP2-C187: A Phase I, Open-label Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between TMC125 and Two Antifungal Agents (Fluconazole and Voriconazole), All at Steady-state in Healthy Subjects. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Fluconazole and voriconazole are triazole antifungal agents. (clinicaltrials.gov)
ST.LOUIS- June 9, 2015- Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (NASDAQ:SIAL) announced today that the Cerilliant® brand within its Applied Diagnostics and Testing business unit has introduced five new stable-labeled internal standards of the antifungal agents fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole at 1.0 mg/mL concentrations. (cerilliant.com)
Review of the safety, tolerability, and drug interactions of the new antifungal agents caspofungin and voriconazole. (semanticscholar.org)
Two very different systemic antifungal agents, voriconazole and caspofungin, have recently been introduced into the market place. (semanticscholar.org)
Voriconazole is a new triazole antifungal, while caspofungin is the first echinocandin antifungal. (semanticscholar.org)
It is the newest drug to be registered from the azole family of antifungals - which include itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole. (gaffi.org)
This study assessed the in vitro susceptibility of 25 clinical isolates of Fusarium against antifungal agents (amphotericin B, caspofungin, itraconazole and voriconazole) and antimicrobials (pentamidine, polymyxin B, tigecycline and tobramycin) according to the broth microdilution method (M38-A2). (microbiologyresearch.org)

The treatment of invasive aspergillosis and chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA) requires intravenous antifungal therapy. (medscape.com)
Another triazole antifungal agent, isavuconazole, is also indicated for invasive aspergillosis. (medscape.com)
However, the treatment of some fungal infections, particularly aspergillosis, is still far from satisfactory and thus there is an important requirement for new broad-spectrum antifungal agents. (nih.gov)
Antifungal medications can be given when these children develop a fever (for example a fever occurring when the white cells or neutrophils are low during chemotherapy) or when an infection has been formally identified (as in candidaemia, candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis). (cochrane.org)
Vmiconazole (VRCZ) is now recognized as tile first-line antifungal in tile treatment of invasive aspergillosis, based on a clinical study performed by Herbrecht etal. (aspergillus.org.uk)
Caspofungin (CANCIDAS, a registered trademark of Merck & Co., Inc.) is a novel echinocandin antifungal agent used in the treatment of esophageal and invasive candidiases, invasive aspergillosis, and neutropenia. (aspetjournals.org)
Following the FDA approval of this new antifungal in the US in March 2015, the European Commission approved isavuconazole in October, for the treatment of adult patients with invasive aspergillosis and for the treatment of adult patients with mucormycosis, for whom amphotericin B is inappropriate. (gaffi.org)

This article summarises the therapeutic uses of "older" antifungal drugs (eg, AMB deoxycholate, first-generation triazoles) as well as second-generation triazoles and echinocandins. (mja.com.au)
Topical gentian violet, the oldest therapeutic agent, is moderately effective against thrush but prolonged use can cause irritation and even ulceration [9] . (cps.ca)
Cutting-edge and highly practical, Antifungal Agents: Methods and Protocols offers clinician-scientists, microbiologists, and molecular biologists the productive tools they need today in order to understand and successfully develop new therapeutic agents for yeast, mold, and fungal infections. (springer.com)
These agents were developed to improve upon the narrow therapeutic ratio of amphotericin B, increase efficacy, and reduce toxicity. (cancernetwork.com)
Moreover, in vivo time-lapse imaging revealed that thiabendazole reversibly disassembles newly established blood vessels, marking it as vascular disrupting agent (VDA) and thus as a potential complementary therapeutic for use in combination with current anti-angiogenic therapies. (plos.org)
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) by LC-MS/MS is considered for antifungal drugs to avoid such adverse clinical outcomes and to ensure effectiveness of the drug regimen. (cerilliant.com)
Pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between calcineurin inhibitors and proliferation signal inhibitors with anti-microbial agents: implications for therapeutic drug monitoring. (semanticscholar.org)
The treatment of invasive fungal infections has deeply evolved in recent years with the inclusion of new antifungals to the therapeutic treatment arsenal. (usda.gov)
however, antifungal agents that specifically target the chitin component of the fungal cell wall have found limited therapeutic use. (davidmoore.org.uk)
A 1 mg test dose preceding administration of the full dose has not proved to be helpful, and use of a test dose delays achievement of therapeutic antifungal serum and tissue levels. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Investigations into the therapeutic effects of its seeds and leaves showed that it has antifungal action against dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum canis. (greenmedinfo.com)
The remarkable primary resistance to antifungal agents of this genus requires a search for new therapeutic possibilities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Here we describe our current arsenal of antifungals and highlight current strategies that are being employed to improve the therapeutic safety and efficacy of these drugs. (asmscience.org)

Caspofungin is an antifungal with efficacy against A fumigatus, A flavus, and Aspergillus terreus . (medscape.com)
Caspofungin has also been shown to be as effective as and generally better tolerated than lipoanmal AMPH-B when given as empiric antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia (Ngalsh et al. (aspergillus.org.uk)
The synergism showed against fluconazole-susceptible T. asahii isolates suggests that the potential antifungal activity of tacrolimus deserves in vivo experimental investigation, notably, the combination of tacrolimus with amphotericin B or caspofungin. (scielo.br)
Caspofungin and micafungin are newer agents that are typically used intravenously and animal studies have shown that caspofungin is non-toxic to the retina at standard doses. (arvojournals.org)
The echinocandin antifungal agent known as caspofungin acetate which is used under the brand name Cancidas® worldwide. (davidmoore.org.uk)

In our aim to bring the best and complete information to our clients, we at Orbis Research present the 2017 Global Antifungal Agents Market professional survey. (medgadget.com)
The well curated survey by the leading research experts and domain knowledge professionals provides clients with the true picture of the Global Antifungal Agents Market. (medgadget.com)
Owing to the thorough nature of the survey report, it contains an in-depth analysis of the market for the Global Antifungal Agents market as well as for individual regions. (medgadget.com)
Cost structure analysis and manufacturing plans analysis for all parameters is covered in detail in the Global Antifungal Agents Market survey report. (medgadget.com)
Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Antifungal Agents market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource. (satprnews.com)

Limited paediatric data are available comparing antifungal agents in children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infection. (cochrane.org)

Posaconazole is a triazole antifungal agent. (medscape.com)
Posaconazole isa member of the azole class of antifungals recently approved for the prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections. (elsevier.com)
Posaconazole is an oral antifungal agent with a broader spectrum of activity and better clinical efficacy than other available antifungals. (elsevier.com)
Morris, MI 2009, ' Posaconazole: A new oral antifungal agent with an expanded spectrum of activity ', American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy , vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 225-236. (elsevier.com)

Definition : A family of macrolide antifungal compounds isolated from Streptomyces bacteria. (ebi.ac.uk)
Definition : Heteroorganic entities that are microbial metabolites (or compounds derived from them) which have significant antifungal properties. (ebi.ac.uk)
Another family of antifungal compounds, the triazoles, are highly efficacious in the treatment of yeast infections, Dr. Wingard said. (cancernetwork.com)
To identify antifungal compounds, we screened a small-molecule library of 1,280 pharmacologically active compounds (LOPAC 1280TM ) using an antifungal susceptibility test (AST). (frontiersin.org)
Thus, the discovery of natural antifungal compounds along with further development is important to address these challenges. (mdpi.com)
The results indicate that some of the compounds show potential antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activity and comparable to those of commercial antibiotics and antimalarial compounds. (niscair.res.in)
Seeking to exploit this weakness and develop a new class of antifungals, an international group of researchers screened a synthetic drug library for compounds that target the synthesis of fungal but not mammalian GlcCer. (innovationtoronto.com)
Each of the antifungal compounds extracted from each of the antagonistic microorganisms was found to has an inhibitory effect on Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. (ajol.info)
Four antifungal compounds were found to be the most inhibitory than the other compounds. (ajol.info)
This review will cover the advances in research of biological activity of different compounds from different chemical classes with focus on their antifungal properties. (eurekaselect.com)
Results: Compounds 2 (XY = 6-hydroxy-5-nitro, MIC = 4-32 µg/mL) and 7 (XY = 6-acetoxy-5-nitro, MIC =16-64 µg/mL) showed good results when compared with current antifungals in CLSI values (MIC = 0.04-250 µg/mL). (eurekaselect.com)
Conclusion: Overall, the in vitro results pointed to the potential of compounds 2 and 7 as new antifungal prototypes to be further explored. (eurekaselect.com)
The advent of 'omics' and other high throughput technologies in recent years has revolutionised the field of antifungal research permitting researchers to quickly identify novel compounds and gain greater insights into drug resistance mechanisms. (caister.com)

Primary targets and mode of action of several antifungal agents. (hindawi.com)
The management of fungal endophthalmitis has been notoriously difficult, often requiring several antifungal agents and extended treatment courses. (arvojournals.org)

It is a synthetic triazole antifungal agent that slows fungal cell growth by inhibiting cytochrome P-450-dependent synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes. (medscape.com)
Itraconazole is a synthetic triazole antifungal agent with greater activity against Aspergillus than fluconazole or ketoconazole. (medscape.com)
It is a triazole antifungal agent that inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450-mediated 14 alpha-lanosterol demethylation, which is essential in fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. (medscape.com)
ONMEL (itraconazole) is a synthetic triazole antifungal agent for oral use. (rxlist.com)

A fter a long period following the release of the first triazole antifungal agents (fluconazole and itraconazole, in the early 1990s) and lipid amphotericin B (AMB) formulations (mid 1990s), several new antifungal drugs have become available. (mja.com.au)
Discussion of the prophylactic use of antifungal drugs is beyond the scope of this article, but is the subject of a number of reviews and meta-analyses. (mja.com.au)
Most antifungal drugs interfere with biosynthesis or integrity of ergosterol, the major sterol in the fungal cell membrane. (mja.com.au)
These are the most widely used antifungal drugs, and act primarily by inhibiting the fungal cytochrome P450 enzyme, 14 α -demethylase. (mja.com.au)
Superficial infections often affect the skin or mucous membranes and can be treated successfully with topical antifungal drugs. (hindawi.com)
The largest family of antifungal drugs is the azole family. (hindawi.com)
In Antifungal Agents: Methods and Protocols, expert scientists describe in detail the state-of-the-art molecular methods they have optimized for studying antifungal resistance, for discovering and evaluating both new and existing antifungal drugs, and for understanding the host response and immunotherapy of such agents. (springer.com)
Despite frequent in vitro discoveries of promising novel antifungals, the clinical need for drugs that can more efficiently treat these brain infections. (asm.org)
Lomentospora prolificans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen with low susceptibility to current antifungal drugs. (asm.org)
Cutaneous fungal infections are usually treated topically, but nail and hair infections, widespread dermatophytosis and chronic non-responsive yeast infections are best treated with oral antifungal drugs. (nps.org.au)
Fungal infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and current antifungal drugs have drawbacks. (innovationtoronto.com)
These new drugs may pave the way for the development of a new class of antifungals," said principal investigator Maurizio Del Poeta, MD, a professor in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, New York. (innovationtoronto.com)
The three classes of antifungal drugs currently available-azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins-are far from optimal. (innovationtoronto.com)
Current antifungals also have a narrow spectrum of activity, and some interact with other drugs such as chemotherapy agents and immunosuppressants. (innovationtoronto.com)
The drugs were effective when used alone or in combination with other classes of antifungals. (innovationtoronto.com)
Therefore, it may be appropriate to attempt to prevent such infections by giving VLBW infants antifungal drugs as a routine part of their care. (cochrane.org)
This review assessed specifically the effect of giving infants antifungal drugs that reduce skin and gut carriage of fungi to reduce the chances of a severe infection developing. (cochrane.org)
The use of antifungals can, however, impact drug metabolism and drug interactions due to their ability to act as a substrate or inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolic enzymes 2, 3 thus presenting several clinical challenges including interactions with co-administered drugs, concentration-dependent toxicity, and variations in drug absorption and metabolism. (cerilliant.com)
Cerilliant's solution certified reference materials offer clinical and diagnostic testing labs, hospitals, and bioanalytical/PKDM labs a full selection of internal standards for quantitation of the most common antifungal drugs in serum or plasma by mass spectrometry-based analytical methods. (cerilliant.com)
Examples of antifungal drugs include miconazole (MONISTAT) and clotrimazole (LOTRIMIN, MYCELEX). (drugster.info)
The increased use of antibacterial and antifungal agents in recent years has resulted in the development of resistance to these drugs. (drugster.info)
In this article, we review the pharmacokinetic interactions of these azole antifungal drugs with other coadministered agents. (oup.com)
Because of the poor in vitro activity of most of the antifungal drugs against zygomycetes and the limited in vivo efficacy of monotherapies in zygomycosis, combination of two or more drugs could be of interest. (alpfmedical.info)
In addition, the combination of aPDT and antifungal drugs represents an attractive alternative to the current antifungal strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Antifungal?drugs are medications that are used to?treat fungal infections. (reportsweb.com)
As such, the wall is a near ideal target for the design of antifungal drugs for clinical use. (davidmoore.org.uk)
Although they often greatly inhibit enzyme activity when assayed in vitro , this promise is not realised in vivo and consequently, in practice they are not effective antifungal drugs. (davidmoore.org.uk)

Interactions of Yeasts, Moulds, and Antifungal Agents: How to Detect Resistance covers the available antifungal agents, how to perform in vitro testing and how those results should be interpreted for the most common fungal pathogens. (springer.com)
Recent studies have shown that using fungal calcineurin pathways holds great promise for the future development of novel agents, including combination therapy with antifungals against fungal pathogens. (scielo.br)
Anti fungal agent is a drug that detects and eliminates fungal pathogens from foreign body with minimal toxic side effects to the body. (satprnews.com)
An antifungal agent is a drug that selectively eliminates fungal pathogens from a host with minimal toxicity to the host. (drugster.info)
The gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa catalyzes the conversion of ricinoleic acid into a novel trihydroxy fatty acid, 7, 10, 12-trihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (TOD), that has a potent antifungal activity against important crop pathogens, including Magnaporthe grisea the causative agent of rice blast disease. (auburn.edu)

We included randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing a systemic antifungal agent with a comparator (including placebo) in children (one month to 16 years) with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infection. (cochrane.org)
To understand the epidemiology and susceptibility patterns of yeast infections in Ontario, Canada, we examined 4,715 clinical yeast isolates submitted to our laboratory for antifungal susceptibility testing from 2014 to 2018. (asm.org)
A standard reference method for testing the susceptibility of yeasts to antifungal agents has now been defined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) ( 3 ). (asm.org)
The need for standardized antifungal susceptibility testing, and standardized interpretation of results in conjunction with studies that describe clinical outcomes based on those tools is ever important. (springer.com)
Therapy with coadministration of two or three antifungals has been applied by clinicians in difficult-to-treat infections, which still have no support from randomized, controlled clinical trials. (innovationtoronto.com)
This insight led to the finding that thiabendazole, an orally available antifungal drug in clinical use for 40 years, also potently inhibits angiogenesis in animal models and in human cells. (plos.org)
One compound seemed a particularly promising candidate for this sort of approach: thiabendazole (TBZ), which has been in clinical use as a systemic antifungal and deworming treatment for 40 years. (plos.org)
This book will be extremely valuable to practitioners in medical mycology, including established and new researchers, clinicians and clinical microbiologists, and infectious disease specialists seeking a rapid update on the current state of antifungal drug resistance and antifungal development. (caister.com)
Z), which has been in clinical use as a deworming treatment and sy stemic antifungal treat ment for 40 years. (techylib.com)
We feature the benefits of combination therapy as a strategy to expand our current repertoire of antifungals and discuss the antifungal combinations that have shown the greatest potential for clinical development. (asmscience.org)

The results have shown a high activity of amphotericin B and itraconazole, observing a similar response with the five imidazole antifungals tested. (nih.gov)
Children are less likely to develop nephrotoxicity with a lipid preparation of amphotericin B compared with conventional amphotericin B. Further comparative paediatric antifungal drug trials and epidemiological and pharmacological studies are required highlighting the differences between neonates, children and adults with invasive fungal infections. (cochrane.org)
one trial compared an echinocandin with a lipid preparation of amphotericin B in children with candidaemia or invasive candidiasis (109 participants) and one trial compared different azole antifungals in children with candidaemia (43 participants). (cochrane.org)
Compared to standard amphotericin B, Dr. Wingard said, these agents achieve lower concentrations in the kidneys, the site of the principal toxicity, and higher concentrations in the liver, lungs, and spleen, where infection frequently occurs. (cancernetwork.com)
Nephrotoxicity is the major complication associated with the conventional deoxycholate form of amphotericin B. This agent causes vasoconstriction of renal arterioles, resulting in a reduction in glomerular filtration rate. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
This agent should be infused slowly [2 to 3 hours for the deoxycholate form (amphotericin В deoxycholate) and under 2 hours for the lipid preparations]. (antiinfectivemeds.com)
Amphotericin В is effective against most fungal infections and remains the most effective agent for systemic fungal infections. (antiinfectivemeds.com)

With these agents, the mechanism of action may involve an alteration in cell membrane permeability, DNA or RNA synthesis, or intracellular levels of metabolites that are toxic to the fungal cell. (medscape.com)
Terbinafine is a member of the allylamine family, fungicidal agents that inhibit ergosterol synthesis by means of squalene epoxidase. (medscape.com)
Athina Geronikaki, Maria Fesatidou, Victor Kartsev and Fliur Macaev, "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potent Antifungal Agents", Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry (2013) 13: 2684. (eurekaselect.com)
Using this methodology, a short synthesis of α-triticene, an antifungal compound, is achieved in two steps. (usda.gov)

The first generation antifungal agent triazoles, fluconazole and itraconazole, have revolutionised the treatment of serious fungal infections such as mucosal and invasive candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis. (nih.gov)
Second-generation imidazoles, such as fluconazole and itraconazole or other new oral antifungals, may be considered if conventional topical treatments fail, particularly among immunocompromised patients. (cps.ca)

Methods: In vitro antifungal screening test and minimum inhibitory concentration determination were performed according to CLSI protocols using ketoconazole as the reference drug. (eurekaselect.com)
Ketoconazole, sold under the brand name Nizoral among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections. (wikipedia.org)
First made in 1977, ketoconazole was the first orally-active azole antifungal medication. (wikipedia.org)
However, ketoconazole has largely been replaced as a first-line systemic antifungal medication by other azole antifungal agents, such as itraconazole, because of ketoconazole's greater toxicity, poorer absorption, and more limited spectrum of activity. (wikipedia.org)
It was speculated that antifungal properties of ketoconazole reduce scalp microflora and consequently may reduce follicular inflammation that contributes to alopecia. (wikipedia.org)

The 2 classes of antifungal medication most commonly used to treat tinea faciei in practice are azoles and allylamines. (medscape.com)
Conclusiml: Both candins mid new-generation azoles are tllOl~e promising antifungal agents, but mole evidence is needed. (aspergillus.org.uk)
Taking into account that the long term therapy with azoles results in resistance a critical need exists for new antifungal agents with fewer side effecgts to treat these life-threatening fungal infections. (eurekaselect.com)

The current antifungal therapies either have toxic side effects or are insufficiently effect. (frontiersin.org)
In this book a panel of high-profile authors provides an overview of current antifungal research. (caister.com)

In this report, the United States Antifungal Agents market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022. (researchmoz.us)
This report focuses on global and United States Antifungal Agents market. (satprnews.com)

No differences in mortality or treatment efficacy were observed when antifungal agents were compared. (cochrane.org)
2004). Micafungin is another candin, which has shown superior efficacy to a standard prophylactic such as FLCZ, and is approved as a prophylactic antifungal in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. (aspergillus.org.uk)
A striking observation in the study was that VRCZ became the first antifungal that showed superior treatment efficacy over AMPH B during this half century. (aspergillus.org.uk)
While some of these agents offer better efficacy, others are proving their value more in improved tolerability, said John R. (cancernetwork.com)
The efficacy of these agents is compromised by host toxicity, fungistatic activity, or the emergence of drug resistance in pathogen populations. (asmscience.org)

With the growing frequency of fungal infections even as resistance to existing antifungal agents increases, methods for finding novel drug targets and evaluating antifungal resistance have become more important than ever. (springer.com)

These include members of a new class of agent (the echinocandins) and a new generation of an existing class (second generation triazoles). (mja.com.au)
These triazoles provide alternatives to existing antifungals in terms of formulation, bioavailability and activity. (patentsencyclopedia.com)

Butenafine is a potent antifungal related to allylamines. (medscape.com)

It shows antibacterial and antifungal activity by contact mechanism. (sarex.com)
A new series of pyrazoline derivatives (4a-f) has been synthesized by ultrasonication methods and evaluated for its antibacterial and antifungal activity. (rroij.com)

Micafungin, discovered and generated by Astellas, is a member of a new class of antifungal agents for injection, the candins. (astellas.com)

Small molecules that target group II introns are potent antifungal agents. (nih.gov)
New research shows that lavender oil is a potent antifungal agent. (massagemag.com)
The essential oil shows a potent antifungal effect against strains of fungi responsible for common skin and nail infections. (massagemag.com)
Lavandula oil shows wide-spectrum antifungal activity and is highly potent," said Professor Lígia Salgueiro. (massagemag.com)
[x] Based on the team ' s antifungal testing, cumin was generally active against all fungi but was particularly potent against dermatophytes, with Trichophyton rubrum as the most inhibited fungus at the lower dose. (greenmedinfo.com)

However, invasive fungal infections are often life-threatening, probably due to inefficient diagnostic methods and inappropriate initial antifungal therapies. (hindawi.com)
Mortality rates are estimated to be as high as 45% [ 16 ], probably due to inefficient diagnostic methods and inappropriate initial antifungal therapies [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
This review aims to systematically identify and summarise the effects of different antifungal therapies in children with proven, probable or suspected invasive fungal infections. (cochrane.org)
Therefore, this screening reveals agent, CV-3988 that was previously unknown to be antifungal agent, which could be a novel therapies for superficial mucosal candidiasis. (frontiersin.org)
Systemic disseminations happen in compromised patients, which are often refractory to available antifungal therapies and thereby lead to death. (frontiersin.org)

This study aimed to explore whether impaired fluoride export might result in altered susceptibilities of the human pathogenic mould Aspergillus fumigatus towards this antifungal compound. (usda.gov)

We utilize our rich collection of fungal endophthalmitis isolates to characterize in-vitro susceptibilities to novel antifungals. (arvojournals.org)
We hypothesize that these agents will inhibit the growth of Candidal endophthalmitis isolates. (arvojournals.org)
Susceptibility of the isolates to antifungal agents was determined using the reference broth microdilution method. (who.int)
Antifungal agents with three different mechanisms of action similarly generate a rise in expression of SAP2 and activity of the secreted Sap2 gene product, a known virulence factor, in most isolates of C. albicans . (oup.com)

According to this study, over the next five years the Anti-Fungal Agents market will register a xx% CAGR in terms of revenue, the global market size will reach US$ xx million by 2024, from US$ xx million in 2019. (reportsnreports.com)
In particular, this report presents the global market share (sales and revenue) of key companies in Anti-Fungal Agents business, shared in Chapter 3. (reportsnreports.com)
This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Anti-Fungal Agents market by product type, application, key manufacturers and key regions and countries. (reportsnreports.com)
To study and analyze the global Anti-Fungal Agents consumption (value & volume) by key regions/countries, product type and application, history data from 2014 to 2018, and forecast to 2024. (reportsnreports.com)
To understand the structure of Anti-Fungal Agents market by identifying its various subsegments. (reportsnreports.com)
Focuses on the key global Anti-Fungal Agents manufacturers, to define, describe and analyze the sales volume, value, market share, market competition landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years. (reportsnreports.com)
To analyze the Anti-Fungal Agents with respect to individual growth trends, future prospects, and their contribution to the total market. (reportsnreports.com)
To project the consumption of Anti-Fungal Agents submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries). (reportsnreports.com)
Global Anti-Fungal Agents Professional Survey Repo. (reportsweb.com)
The report forecast global Anti-Fungal Agents market to grow to reach xx Million USD in 2021 with a CAGR of xx% during the period of 2021-2026. (reportsweb.com)
The report demonstrates detail coverage of Anti-Fungal Agents industry and main market trends. (reportsweb.com)
The market research includes historical and forecast data from like demand, application details, price trends, and company shares of the leading Anti-Fungal Agents by geography, especially focuses on the key regions like United States, European Union, China, and other regions. (reportsweb.com)
Key players are profiled as well with their market shares in the global Anti-Fungal Agents market discussed. (reportsweb.com)
Overall, this report covers the historical situation, present status and the future prospects of the global Anti-Fungal Agents market for 2016-2026. (reportsweb.com)
Studying and analyzing the impact of Coronavirus COVID-19 on the Anti-Fungal Agents industry, the report provide in-depth analysis and professtional advices on how to face the post COIVD-19 period. (reportsweb.com)

Among the eight antifungal agents tested, the smaller geometric mean corresponded to tioconazole, econazole, clotrimazole and miconazole. (nih.gov)
Four trials, in which a total of 1800 infants participated, compared oral /topical non-absorbed antifungal prophylaxis (nystatin or miconazole) with placebo or no drug. (cochrane.org)
A novel compounding vehicle (RECURA) has previously been proven to penetrate the nail bed when compounded with the antifungal agent miconazole or fluconazole, providing for an effective treatment for onychomycosis. (ijpc.com)
Five antifungal antibiotics are widely available in cream form without a prescription: clotrimazole (Lotrimin), miconazole (Moni-stat-Derm), terbinafine (Lamisil AT), tolnaftate (Tinactin) and undecylenic acid (Desenex). (aafp.org)

Besides, as part of an effort to develop environment friendly antifungal agents from natural products, researchers from our laboratory have designed and synthesized a series of carabrone derivatives to explore the qualitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) hidden in them and the result implied that the derivatives of carabrone with a C=N double bond on the C -4 position may display stronger antifungal activity against C. lagenarium than others. (mdpi.com)
The antifungal activity of tacrolimus in combination with antifungal agents against different fungal species has been previously reported. (scielo.br)
14 - 17 The antifungal activity obtained by the combination of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (FK506) plus antifungal agents has not yet been evaluated against Trichosporon species. (scielo.br)
Fungal endophthalmitis isolate reproduced in-vitro on Mueller Hinton agar with RPMI supplementation with antifungal activity demonstrated. (arvojournals.org)
Cytotoxicity experiments using human fibroblasts confirmed the presence of lead molecules with favourable antifungal activity relative to cytotoxicity. (ovid.com)
Conclusions We have validated a novel approach to identify antifungal potentiators and completed a high-throughput screen to identify small molecules with activity against C. albicans biofilms. (ovid.com)
The antifungal activity of leaf oils from different provenances of Cinnamomum osmophloeum was evaluated against Phellinus noxius and their chemical polymorphism. (agriculturejournals.cz)
Furthermore, trans -cinnamaldehyde possessed the strongest antifungal activity among the constituents against P. noxius , and its IC 50 values were 116.0 µg/ml. (agriculturejournals.cz)
In order to facilitate the genetic screen, a bioassay was developed to assess TOD's antifungal activity against M. grisea in 96-well microtiter plates using either pure TOD or P. aeruginosa culture supernatants. (auburn.edu)
Antifungal Activity of Pyranonaphthoquinones Obtained from Cipura paludosa Bulbs. (medchemexpress.com)
2004). These are lipopeptide fungal secondary metabolites that feature a cyclic hexapeptide linked to a long chain fatty acid that is responsible for their antifungal activity and determines species specificity (Fig. 9). (davidmoore.org.uk)
Onion and garlic extracts showed antifungal activity against 18 strains of yeasts and dermatophytes, holding promise in treating fungal diseases from different pathogenic fungal strains. (greenmedinfo.com)
It has demonstrated activity equal or superior to other antifungal agents against almost all varieties of yeast and mold. (elsevier.com)
We discuss state-of-the-art approaches to discover novel chemical matter with antifungal activity and highlight some of the most promising new targets for antifungal drug development. (asmscience.org)

Trichophyton species of Arthroderma benhamiae - a new infectious agent in dermatology. (medscape.com)
The antifungal effect of Sphagnum extract was tested by the disk-diffusion method on the spores of seventeen fungal species. (queensu.ca)
However, the susceptibility of fungal species to these newer agents has not been well-studied. (arvojournals.org)

The first-line treatment for trichosporonosis includes the use of azole antifungal agents, since Trichosporon spp. (scielo.br)

Clotrimazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that inhibits yeast and fungal growth by altering cell membrane permeability. (medscape.com)
Manogepix is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that inhibits glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis. (asm.org)

In Japan, micafungin has been marketed as "Funguard ® for Infusion" for adults since December 2002 and approved as a first systemic antifungal agent for pediatrics in Japan. (astellas.com)

The experimental design followed the guidelines that have been specified for antibacterial agents ( 4 ), but with appropriate modifications for testing yeasts. (asm.org)
Tioconazole is a broad-spectrum imidazole antifungal agent that inhibits the growth of human pathogenic yeasts. (pharmacycode.com)
Gradient diffusion strips (sometimes referred to by the trade name Etest™) are an accurate, inexpensive methodology for testing yeasts for antifungal susceptibility. (cdc.gov)

Risk factors for invasive candidiasis include surgery (especially abdominal surgery), burns, long-term stay in an intensive care unit, and previous administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics and immunosuppressive agents [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
We included seven trials of antifungal agents in children with prolonged fever and neutropenia (suspected fungal infection) and candidaemia or invasive candidiasis (proven fungal infection). (cochrane.org)
Regular investigations into antifungal resistance in medical centres is highly recommended as this will result in more efficient management of invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. (who.int)
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. (wikipedia.org)

Lavender oil could be used to combat the increasing incidence of antifungal-resistant infections, according to a study published in the Journal of Medical Microbiology, published by the Society for General Microbiology . (massagemag.com)

The addition of oral antifungal therapy with itraconazole may be beneficial in the management of ABPA. (medscape.com)
It is available in oral formulations (eg, capsule, suspension) and is useful for prolonged antifungal therapy. (medscape.com)
Antifungal therapy can fail in a remarkable number of patients with invasive fungal disease, resulting in significant morbidity worldwide. (asm.org)
Review question: In very preterm or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, does prophylactic oral /topical non-absorbed antifungal therapy reduce the risk of invasive fungal infection, mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes? (cochrane.org)
To assess the effect of prophylactic oral /topical non-absorbed antifungal therapy on the incidence of invasive fungal infection, mortality and morbidity in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. (cochrane.org)
Randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared the effect of prophylactic oral /topical non-absorbed antifungal therapy versus placebo or no drug or another antifungal agent or dose regimen in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. (cochrane.org)
Evaluation of the Effects of Photodynamic Therapy Alone and Combined with Standard Antifungal Therapy on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Fusarium spp. (frontiersin.org)
Its essential oil is suggested to have antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties, with powerful uses in food preservation as well as wellness therapy. (greenmedinfo.com)

In vitro synergistic combinations of pentamidine, polymyxin B, tigecycline and tobramycin with antifungal agents against Fusarium spp. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Since ergosterol and cholesterol have sufficient structural differences, most antifungal agents targeted to ergosterol binding or biosynthesis does not cross-react with host cells. (hindawi.com)
Butenafine is an antifungal agent that acts by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, thus blocking the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. (pharmacycode.com)

Despite the paucity of new classes of antifungals that have come to market in recent years, it is clear that by leveraging innovative approaches to drug discovery and cultivating collaborations between academia and industry, there is great potential to bolster the antifungal armamentarium. (asmscience.org)

Several antifungal products from both classes are available for topical and systemic administration. (medscape.com)
The usual approach to the management of cutaneous infections in immuno competent patients is to treat with topical agents. (nps.org.au)
The finding of a reduction in risk of invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants treated with oral /topical non-absorbed antifungal prophylaxis should be interpreted cautiously because of methodological weaknesses in the included trials. (cochrane.org)
These trials might compare oral /topical non-absorbed antifungal agents with placebo , with each other, or with systemic antifungal agents and should include an assessment of effect on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. (cochrane.org)
If you ' re not keen on using topical prescription medications or don ' t find them to be a long-term solution, there are natural antifungal agents available to stem the underlying issue. (greenmedinfo.com)
Crystal violet - a triarylmethane dye, it has antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties and was formerly important as a topical antiseptic. (wikipedia.org)

D. S. Perlin, "Antifungal drug resistance: do molecular methods provide a way forward? (hindawi.com)

The current report describes the results of an eight-laboratory collaborative effort to select quality control limits for broth microdilution tests of 10 antifungal agents tested against the two control strains. (asm.org)
In the present study, we applied methylene blue (8, 16, and 32 μg/ml) as a photosensitizing agent and light emitting diode (635 ± 10 nm, 12 and 24 J/cm 2 ), and evaluated the effects of photodynamic inactivation on five strains of Fusarium spp. (frontiersin.org)
Use of these agents as agrochemical fungicides has been hampered by the rapid emergence of resistant fungal strains so it is essential that they are used in rotation with other fungicides for resistance management within I ntegrated P est M anagement ( IPM ) programmes. (davidmoore.org.uk)

It is a synthetic oral antifungal (ie, broad-spectrum bistriazole) that selectively inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 and sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation. (medscape.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms35

Diseases31

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Microbial and chemical transformations of some 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9,10-enes. (1/8644)

Early mycological treatment failure in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. (2/8644)

Infectious complications in 126 patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. (3/8644)

Systemic candidiasis with candida vasculitis due to Candida kruzei in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. (4/8644)

Structure of the complex between the antibiotic cerulenin and its target, beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase. (5/8644)

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (6/8644)

In vitro and in vivo activities of NS-718, a new lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B, against Aspergillus fumigatus. (7/8644)

Effect of fasting on temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (8/8644)

Antifungal Agents

Candida

Amphotericin B

Echinocandins

Candida albicans

Triazoles

Fluconazole

Miconazole

Itraconazole

Azoles

Ketoconazole

Mycoses

Flucytosine

Candidiasis

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Drug Resistance, Fungal

Fungi

Peptides, Cyclic

Lipopeptides

Aspergillosis

Aspergillus fumigatus

Ergosterol

Aspergillus

Nystatin

Econazole

Clotrimazole

Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal

Candida glabrata

Cryptococcus neoformans

Tolnaftate

Trichophyton

Pyrimidines

Candidemia

Scedosporium

Arthrodermataceae

Dermatomycoses

Natamycin

Pseudallescheria

Fungemia

Candidiasis, Oral

Sterol 14-Demethylase

Polyenes

Cryptococcosis

Mitosporic Fungi

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal

Yeasts

Lung Diseases, Fungal

Immunocompromised Host

Aspergillus flavus

Candida tropicalis

Onychomycosis

Mycetoma

Cryptococcus

Fusarium

Naphthalenes

Candidiasis, Invasive

Tinea

Madurella

Eye Infections, Fungal

Xylariales

Biofilms

Fungal Proteins

Culture Media

Griseofulvin

Lacquer

Drug Resistance, Microbial

Blastomycosis

Fungicides, Industrial

Hyphae

Paecilomyces

Histatins

Opportunistic Infections

Mycology

Rhizopus

Cholestadienols

Sporotrichosis

Microsporum

Penicillium

Trichosporon

Mycological Typing Techniques