Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.
Cyclic hexapeptides of proline-ornithine-threonine-proline-threonine-serine. The cyclization with a single non-peptide bond can lead them to be incorrectly called DEPSIPEPTIDES, but the echinocandins lack ester links. Antifungal activity is via inhibition of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase production of BETA-GLUCANS.
A unicellular budding fungus which is the principal pathogenic species causing CANDIDIASIS (moniliasis).
Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.
An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.
A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.
Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.
Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).
The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antifungal agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation.
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).
Compounds consisting of a short peptide chain conjugated with an acyl chain.
Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.
A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals.
A steroid of interest both because its biosynthesis in FUNGI is a target of ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS, notably AZOLES, and because when it is present in SKIN of animals, ULTRAVIOLET RAYS break a bond to result in ERGOCALCIFEROL.
A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.
Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.
An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.
An imidazole derivative with a broad spectrum of antimycotic activity. It inhibits biosynthesis of the sterol ergostol, an important component of fungal CELL MEMBRANES. Its action leads to increased membrane permeability and apparent disruption of enzyme systems bound to the membrane.
The ability of fungi to resist or to become tolerant to several structurally and functionally distinct drugs simultaneously. This resistance phenotype may be attributed to multiple gene mutations.
A species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI commonly found on the body surface. It causes opportunistic infections especially in immunocompromised patients.
A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.
A synthetic antifungal agent.
A mitosporic fungal genus and an anamorphic form of Arthroderma. Various species attack the skin, nails, and hair.
A family of 6-membered heterocyclic compounds occurring in nature in a wide variety of forms. They include several nucleic acid constituents (CYTOSINE; THYMINE; and URACIL) and form the basic structure of the barbiturates.
A form of invasive candidiasis where species of CANDIDA are present in the blood.
A mitosporic fungal genus previously called Monosporium. Teleomorphs include PSEUDALLESCHERIA.
A family of ascomycetous fungi, order Onygenales, characterized by smooth ascospores. Genera in the family include Arthroderma, Keratinomyces, and Ctenomyces. Several well-known anamorphic forms are parasitic upon the skin.
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.
Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically.
Ascomycetous fungi, family Microascaceae, order Microascales, commonly found in the soil. They are causative agents of mycetoma, maduromycosis, and other infections in humans.
The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.
Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)
An NADPH-dependent P450 enzyme that plays an essential role in the sterol biosynthetic pathway by catalyzing the demethylation of 14-methyl sterols such as lanosterol. The enzyme acts via the repeated hydroxylation of the 14-methyl group, resulting in its stepwise conversion into an alcohol, an aldehyde and then a carboxylate, which is removed as formic acid. Sterol 14-demethylase is an unusual cytochrome P450 enzyme in that it is found in a broad variety of organisms including ANIMALS; PLANTS; FUNGI; and protozoa.
Hydrocarbons with more than one double bond. They are a reduced form of POLYYNES.
Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.
A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.
Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.
A general term for single-celled rounded fungi that reproduce by budding. Brewers' and bakers' yeasts are SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; therapeutic dried yeast is YEAST, DRIED.
Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.
A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.
A species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin.
A species of MITOSPORIC FUNGI that is a major cause of SEPTICEMIA and disseminated CANDIDIASIS, especially in patients with LYMPHOMA; LEUKEMIA; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is also found as part of the normal human mucocutaneous flora.
A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.
A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.
A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.
A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.
Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.
An important nosocomial fungal infection with species of the genus CANDIDA, most frequently CANDIDA ALBICANS. Invasive candidiasis occurs when candidiasis goes beyond a superficial infection and manifests as CANDIDEMIA, deep tissue infection, or disseminated disease with deep organ involvement.
Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.
A mitosporic fungal genus that causes MYCETOMA in humans. Madurella grisea and M. mycetomatis are the etiological agents.
Infection by a variety of fungi, usually through four possible mechanisms: superficial infection producing conjunctivitis, keratitis, or lacrimal obstruction; extension of infection from neighboring structures - skin, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx; direct introduction during surgery or accidental penetrating trauma; or via the blood or lymphatic routes in patients with underlying mycoses.
An order of ascomycetous FUNGI which includes many economically important plant parasites as well as saprophytes.
Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.
Proteins found in any species of fungus.
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.
The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation of a small cutaneous nodule and small nodules along the lymphatics that may heal within several months; and 2, chronic granulomatous lesions characterized by thick crusts, warty growths, and unusual vascularity and infection in the middle or upper lobes of the lung.
Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.
Microscopic threadlike filaments in FUNGI that are filled with a layer of protoplasm. Collectively, the hyphae make up the MYCELIUM.
A mitosporic fungal genus occasionally causing human diseases such as pulmonary infections, mycotic keratitis, endocarditis, and opportunistic infections. Its teleomorph is BYSSOCHLAMYS.
A group of small, histidine-rich, cationic peptides in human SALIVA which are antibacterial and antifungal.
An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.
The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.
A genus of zygomycetous fungi of the family Mucoraceae, order MUCORALES, a common saprophyte and facultative parasite of mature fruits and vegetables. It may cause cerebral mycoses in diabetes and cutaneous infection in severely burned patients.
Cholestadiene derivatives containing a hydroxy group anywhere in the molecule.
The commonest and least serious of the deep mycoses, characterized by nodular lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by inhalation of contaminated dust or by infection of a wound.
A mitosporic Oxygenales fungal genus causing various diseases of the skin and hair. The species Microsporum canis produces TINEA CAPITIS and tinea corporis, which usually are acquired from domestic cats and dogs. Teleomorphs includes Arthroderma (Nannizzia). (Alexopoulos et al., Introductory Mycology, 4th edition, p305)
A mitosporic Trichocomaceae fungal genus that develops fruiting organs resembling a broom. When identified, teleomorphs include EUPENICILLIUM and TALAROMYCES. Several species (but especially PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM) are sources of the antibiotic penicillin.
A mitosporic fungal genus causing opportunistic infections, endocarditis, fungemia, a hypersensitivity pneumonitis (see TRICHOSPORONOSIS) and white PIEDRA.
Procedures for identifying types and strains of fungi.
The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order Mucorales (e.g., Absidia, Mucor, Rhizopus etc.) There are many clinical types associated with infection of the central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an opportunistic infection in patients with a chronic debilitating disease, particularly uncontrolled diabetes, or who are receiving immunosuppressive agents. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS with the soil fungus FUSARIUM. Typically the infection is limited to the nail plate (ONYCHOMYCOSIS). The infection can however become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST (e.g., NEUTROPENIA) and results in cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, fever, KERATITIS, and pulmonary infections.
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
A phylum of fungi which have cross-walls or septa in the mycelium. The perfect state is characterized by the formation of a saclike cell (ascus) containing ascospores. Most pathogenic fungi with a known perfect state belong to this phylum.
A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.
A mitosporic fungal genus that causes a variety of skin disorders. Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare) causes TINEA VERSICOLOR.
Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Fungal infections caused by TRICHOSPORON that may become systemic especially in an IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST. Clinical manifestations range from superficial cutaneous infections to systemic lesions in multiple organs.
Any technique by which an unknown color is evaluated in terms of standard colors. The technique may be visual, photoelectric, or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. It is used in chemistry and physics. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A mitosporic Ophiostomataceae fungal genus, whose species Sporothrix schenckii is a well-known animal pathogen. The conidia of this soil fungus may be inhaled causing a primary lung infection, or may infect independently via skin punctures.
Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.
Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.
Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.
Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.
An enzyme that converts UDP glucosamine into chitin and UDP. EC 2.4.1.16.
Techniques used in microbiology.
Inflammation of the cornea.
Meningitis caused by fungal agents which may occur as OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS or arise in immunocompetent hosts.
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-6-phosphate plus GLUTAMINE from GLUTAMATE plus glucosamine-6-phosphate.
An imperfect fungus causing smut or black mold of several fruits, vegetables, etc.
Reproductive bodies produced by fungi.
A cinnamate derivative of the shikamate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS.
Hypersensitivity reaction (ALLERGIC REACTION) to fungus ASPERGILLUS in an individual with long-standing BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. It is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, EOSINOPHILIA, elevated serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, and skin reactivity to Aspergillus antigen.
Infections of the respiratory tract with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS. Infections may result in allergic reaction (ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS), colonization in pulmonary cavities as fungus balls (MYCETOMA), or lead to invasion of the lung parenchyma (INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS).
Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.
A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.
Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta(1->6) linked side chains of various lengths. They are a major component of the CELL WALL of organisms and of soluble DIETARY FIBER.
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Inflammation of the OUTER EAR including the external EAR CANAL, cartilages of the auricle (EAR CARTILAGE), and the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE.
Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection with members of Phycomycetes, an obsolete classification.
Cell wall components constituting a polysaccharide core found in fungi. They may act as antigens or structural substrates.
The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.
A normally saprophytic mitosporic Chaetothyriales fungal genus. Infections in humans include PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; and PERITONITIS.. Exophiala jeanselmei (previously Phialophora jeanselmei) is an etiological agent of MYCETOMA.
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
An order of zygomycetous fungi, usually saprophytic, causing damage to food in storage, but which may cause respiratory infection or MUCORMYCOSIS in persons suffering from other debilitating diseases.
Quaternary salts derived from tetrazoles. They are used in tests to distinguish between reducing sugars and simple aldehydes, for detection of dehydrogenase in tissues, cells, and bacteria, for determination of corticosteroids, and in color photography. (From Mall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed, p455)
Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring.
Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in fungi.
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that inhibit the function of agonists (DRUG AGONISM) and inverse agonists (DRUG INVERSE AGONISM) for a specific receptor. On their own, antagonists produce no effect by themselves to a receptor, and are said to have neither intrinsic activity nor efficacy.
Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN.
Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
A method where a culturing surface inoculated with microbe is exposed to small disks containing known amounts of a chemical agent resulting in a zone of inhibition (usually in millimeters) of growth of the microbe corresponding to the susceptibility of the strain to the agent.
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
Compounds with a core of 10 carbons generally formed via the mevalonate pathway from the combination of 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. They are cyclized and oxidized in a variety of ways. Due to the low molecular weight many of them exist in the form of essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE).
The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.
A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.
The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.
The functional hereditary units of FUNGI.
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.
Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure. Large cyclic lactones of over a dozen atoms are MACROLIDES.
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
A mitosporic Ceratobasidiaceae fungal genus that is an important plant pathogen affecting potatoes and other plants. There are numerous teleomorphs.
Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).
The middle portion of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth, inferior to the SOFT PALATE, and superior to the base of the tongue and EPIGLOTTIS. It has a digestive function as food passes from the mouth into the oropharynx before entering ESOPHAGUS.
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.
The complete gene complement contained in a set of chromosomes in a fungus.

Microbial and chemical transformations of some 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9,10-enes. (1/8644)

Resting cells of Streptomyces griseus, Mucor mucedo, and a growing culture of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus when mixed with compounds related to 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-4beta,15-diacetoxy-3alpha-ol(anguidine) produced a series of derivatives that were either partially hydrolyzed or selectively acylated. These derivatives showed marked differences in activities as assayed by antifungal and tissue culture cytotoxicity tests.  (+info)

Early mycological treatment failure in AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. (2/8644)

Cryptococcal meningitis causes significant morbidity and mortality in persons with AIDS. Of 236 AIDS patients treated with amphotericin B plus flucytosine, 29 (12%) died within 2 weeks and 62 (26%) died before 10 weeks. Just 129 (55%) of 236 patients were alive with negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures at 10 weeks. Multivariate analyses identified that titer of cryptococcal antigen in CSF, serum albumin level, and CD4 cell count, together with dose of amphotericin B, had the strongest joint association with failure to achieve negative CSF cultures by day 14. Among patients with similar CSF cryptococcal antigen titers, CD4 cell counts, and serum albumin levels, the odds of failure at week 10 for those without negative CSF cultures by day 14 was five times that for those with negative CSF cultures by day 14 (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-10.9). Prognosis is dismal for patients with AIDS-related cryptococcal meningitis. Multivariate analyses identified three components that, along with initial treatment, have the strongest joint association with early outcome. Clearly, more effective initial therapy and patient management strategies that address immune function and nutritional status are needed to improve outcomes of this disease.  (+info)

Infectious complications in 126 patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. (3/8644)

The effect of an extensive prophylactic antimicrobial regimen was prospectively assessed in 126 patients after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous PBSC. They received ciprofloxacin (500 mg/12 h), acyclovir (200 mg/6 h), and itraconazole (200 mg/12 h) orally until neutrophil recovery. Febrile patients received i.v. imipenem (500 mg/6 h) to which vancomycin and amikacin were added if fever persisted for 2-3 and 5 days, respectively. Amphotericin B lipid complex was further given on day 7 or 8 of fever. Median times for a neutrophil count of >0.5 x 10(9)/l and a platelet count of >20 x 10(9)/l were 9 and 11 days. Severe neutropenia (<0.1 x 10(9)/l) lasted for a median of 5 days in which 72% of febrile episodes and 50% of cases of bacteremia occurred. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 30 of 40 episodes of bacteremia, 25 of which were caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Clinical foci were the intravascular catheter in 35 cases, respiratory infection in 11, cellulitis in two, anal abscess in one, and neutropenic enterocolitis in one. The high incidence of febrile episodes (94%) and bacteremias (31%) may be due to the lack of efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis and the persistence of a 5-day period of severe neutropenia.  (+info)

Systemic candidiasis with candida vasculitis due to Candida kruzei in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia. (4/8644)

Candida kruzei-related systemic infections are increasing in frequency, particularly in patients receiving prophylaxis with antifungal triazoles. A Caucasian male with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML M1) developed severe and persistent fever associated with a micropustular eruption scattered over the trunk and limbs during induction chemotherapy. Blood cultures grew Candida kruzei, and biopsies of the skin lesions revealed a candida vasculitis. He responded to high doses of liposomal amphotericin B and was discharged well from hospital.  (+info)

Structure of the complex between the antibiotic cerulenin and its target, beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase. (5/8644)

In the biosynthesis of fatty acids, the beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthases catalyze chain elongation by the addition of two-carbon units derived from malonyl-ACP to an acyl group bound to either ACP or CoA. The enzyme is a possible drug target for treatment of certain cancers and for tuberculosis. The crystal structure of the complex of the enzyme from Escherichia coli, and the fungal mycotoxin cerulenin reveals that the inhibitor is bound in a hydrophobic pocket formed at the dimer interface. Cerulenin is covalently attached to the active site cysteine through its C2 carbon atom. The fit of the inhibitor to the active site is not optimal, and there is thus room for improvement through structure based design.  (+info)

BE-31405, a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Penicillium minioluteum. I. Description of producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. (6/8644)

A new antifungal antibiotic, BE-31405, was isolated from the culture broth of a fungal strain, Penicillium minioluteum F31405. BE-31405 was isolated by adsorption on high porous polymer resin (Diaion HP-20), followed by solvent extraction, precipitation and crystallization. BE-31405 showed potent growth inhibitory activity against pathogenic fungal strains such as Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans, but did not show cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells such as P388 mouse leukemia. The mechanism studies indicated that BE-31405 inhibited the protein synthesis of C. albicans but not of mammalian cells.  (+info)

In vitro and in vivo activities of NS-718, a new lipid nanosphere incorporating amphotericin B, against Aspergillus fumigatus. (7/8644)

We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo potencies of a new lipid nanosphere that incorporates amphotericin B (AmB), NS-718, against Aspergillus fumigatus. The in vitro activity of NS-718 (the MIC at which 90% of strains are inhibited [MIC90], 0.25 microgram/ml) against 18 isolates of A. fumigatus was similar to that of deoxycholate AmB (D-AmB; Fungizone; MIC90, 0.25 microgram/ml), but NS-718 was more potent than liposomal AmB (L-AmB; AmBi-some; MIC90, 1.0 microgram/ml). The in vivo efficacy of NS-718 in a rat model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was compared with those of D-AmB and L-AmB. A low dose (1 mg/kg of body weight) of L-AmB was ineffective (survival rate, 0%), although equivalent doses of D-AmB and NS-718 were more effective (survival rate, 17%). However, a higher dose of NS-718 (3 mg/kg) was more effective (survival rate, 100%) than equivalent doses of D-AmB and L-AmB (survival rate, 0%). To explain these differences, pharmacokinetic studies showed higher concentrations of AmB in the plasma of rats treated with NS-718 than in the plasma of those treated with D-AmB. Our results suggest that NS-718, a new preparation of AmB, is a promising antifungal agent with activity against pulmonary aspergillosis.  (+info)

Effect of fasting on temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B in rats. (8/8644)

Evidence for temporal variation in the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B was recently reported in experimental animals. The role of food in these variations was determined by studying the effect of a short fasting period on the temporal variation in the renal toxicity of amphotericin B. Twenty-eight normally fed and 28 fasted female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Food was available ad libitum to the fed rats, while the fasted animals were fasted 12 h before and 24 h after amphotericin B injection to minimize stress for the animals. Water was available ad libitum to both groups of rats, which were maintained on a 14-h light, 10-h dark regimen (light on at 0600 h). Renal toxicity was determined by comparing the levels of excretion of renal enzyme and the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels at the time of the maximal (0700 h) or the minimal (1900 h) nephrotoxicity after the intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of dextrose (5%; control group) or amphotericin B (50 mg/kg of body weight; treated group) to the rats. The nephrotoxicities obtained after amphotericin B administration at both times of day were compared to the nephrotoxicities observed for time-matched controls. In fed animals, the 24-h urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase was significantly higher when amphotericin B was injected at 0700 and 1900 h. The excretion of these two enzymes was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in fasting rats, and this effect was larger at 0700 h (P < 0.05) than at 1900 h. The serum creatinine level was also significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fed animals treated at 0700 h than in fed animals treated at 1900 h. Fasting reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the increase in the serum creatinine level, and this effect was larger in the animals treated at 0700 h. Similar data were obtained for BUN levels. Amphotericin B accumulation was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the renal cortexes of fed rats than in those of fasted animals, but there was no difference according to the time of injection. These results demonstrated that fasting reduces the nephrotoxicity of amphotericin B and that food availability is of crucial importance in the temporal variation in the renal toxicity of amphotericin B in rats.  (+info)

The most common types of mycoses include:

1. Ringworm: This is a common fungal infection that causes a ring-shaped rash on the skin. It can affect any part of the body, including the arms, legs, torso, and face.
2. Athlete's foot: This is a common fungal infection that affects the feet, causing itching, redness, and cracking of the skin.
3. Jock itch: This is a fungal infection that affects the groin area and inner thighs, causing itching, redness, and cracking of the skin.
4. Candidiasis: This is a fungal infection caused by Candida, a type of yeast. It can affect various parts of the body, including the mouth, throat, and vagina.
5. Aspergillosis: This is a serious fungal infection that can affect various parts of the body, including the lungs, sinuses, and brain.

Symptoms of mycoses can vary depending on the type of infection and the severity of the infection. Common symptoms include itching, redness, swelling, and cracking of the skin. Treatment for mycoses usually involves antifungal medications, which can be applied topically or taken orally. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the infection.

Preventive measures for mycoses include practicing good hygiene, avoiding sharing personal items such as towels and clothing, and using antifungal medications as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and treatment of mycoses can help prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission to others.

Types of candidiasis:

1. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC): a common infection that affects the vagina and vulva; symptoms include itching, burning, and abnormal discharge.
2. Oral thrush (OT): an infection that affects the mouth, often seen in infants and people with weakened immune systems; symptoms include white patches on the tongue and inside the cheeks.
3. Invasive candidiasis (IC): a severe infection that can spread throughout the body, often seen in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy; symptoms include fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
4. Candidal balanitis: an infection of the foreskin and glans of the penis; symptoms include redness, swelling, and pain.
5. Diaper rash: a common skin infection that affects infants who wear diapers; symptoms include redness, swelling, and irritability.

Causes and risk factors:

1. Overgrowth of Candida fungus due to an imbalance of the normal flora.
2. Use of antibiotics or steroids that can disrupt the balance of the body's natural flora.
3. Weakened immune system, such as in people with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy.
4. Poor hygiene and sanitation.
5. Diabetes mellitus.
6. Pregnancy.
7. Obesity.

Diagnosis:

1. Physical examination and medical history.
2. Microscopic examination of a scraping or biopsy specimen.
3. Cultures of skin, blood, or other body fluids.
4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other molecular diagnostic techniques to detect the presence of the fungus.

Treatment:

1. Topical antifungal medications, such as clotrimazole, miconazole, or terbinafine, applied directly to the affected area.
2. Oral antifungal medications, such as fluconazole or itraconazole, for more severe infections or those that do not respond to topical treatment.
3. Antibiotics if there is a secondary bacterial infection.
4. Supportive care, such as pain management and wound care.
5. Proper hygiene and sanitation practices.
6. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous antifungal medications and close monitoring.

Prevention:

1. Practice good hygiene and sanitation.
2. Avoid sharing personal items, such as towels or clothing.
3. Wash hands before touching the affected area.
4. Keep the affected area clean and dry.
5. Use of antifungal powders or sprays on the affected area.
6. Avoid using harsh soaps or cleansers that can irritate the skin.
7. Wear shoes in public areas to prevent exposure to fungal spores.
8. Avoid sharing bathing or showering facilities with others.
9. Dry thoroughly after bathing or swimming.
10. Use of antifungal medications as a prophylactic measure in high-risk individuals, such as those with weakened immune systems.

It's important to note that the best treatment and prevention strategies will depend on the specific type of fungus causing the infection, as well as the severity and location of the infection. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The symptoms of aspergillosis depend on the location and severity of the infection. In the lungs, it may cause coughing, fever, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. In the sinuses, it can cause headaches, facial pain, and nasal congestion. In the brain, it can cause seizures, confusion, and weakness.

Aspergillosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans, along with a biopsy to confirm the presence of Aspergillus fungi.

Treatment of aspergillosis depends on the severity and location of the infection. In mild cases, treatment may involve antifungal medications and supportive care such as oxygen therapy and pain management. In severe cases, treatment may require hospitalization and intravenous antifungal medications.

Preventive measures for aspergillosis include avoiding exposure to dusty or damp environments, managing chronic conditions such as asthma and COPD, and taking antifungal medications as prescribed.

Aspergillosis can be a serious condition, especially in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or taking immunosuppressive drugs. In severe cases, aspergillosis can lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure, sepsis, and organ damage.

In conclusion, aspergillosis is a common fungal infection that can affect various parts of the body, and it can be serious and potentially life-threatening, especially in people with weakened immune systems. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Candidemia can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to organ failure and death. Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal medications, and in some cases, hospitalization is necessary to manage the infection and monitor the patient's condition.

Preventative measures to reduce the risk of developing candidemia include proper handwashing and hygiene, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, and ensuring that medical equipment and surfaces are properly cleaned and disinfected. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for patients with candidemia.

Also found in: Medical, Encyclopedia.

Examples from the web for 'dermatomycoses'

Some common types of dermatomycoses include athlete's foot and jock itch.

Scientific American, 25 Mar. 2019.

Topical antifungal medications are effective against most types of dermatomycoses.

Britannica.com: encyclopedia article about dermatomycoses.

This condition is caused by a type of fungus that affects the skin, known as dermatomycoses.

Mayo Clinic, 01 Mar. 2020.

Symptoms of fungemia may include fever, chills, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss. Diagnosis is typically made by drawing blood cultures and performing microbiological tests to identify the presence of fungal organisms in the blood. Treatment typically involves administration of antifungal medications, which can be given intravenously or orally. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the condition.

In some cases, fungemia can lead to complications such as sepsis, organ failure, and death. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent these outcomes.

The infection is usually caused by an overgrowth of Candida, which is a normal flora in the mouth, but can become pathogenic under certain conditions. Risk factors for developing OC include taking antibiotics, wearing dentures, pregnancy, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS.

OC can be diagnosed by examining the mouth and throat with a mirror and torch, as well as through laboratory tests such as cultures or PCR. Treatment typically involves antifungal medication, good oral hygiene practices, and addressing any underlying conditions. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Preventative measures include practicing good oral hygiene, avoiding smoking, and managing any underlying medical conditions. In addition, early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the infection from spreading to other parts of the body, such as the bloodstream or heart.

The symptoms of cryptococcosis vary depending on the location and severity of the infection. In lung infections, patients may experience fever, cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. In CNS infections, patients may experience headaches, confusion, seizures, and loss of coordination. Skin infections can cause skin lesions, and eye infections can cause vision problems.

Cryptococcosis is diagnosed by culturing the fungus from body fluids or tissue samples. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as amphotericin B or fluconazole, which may be given intravenously or orally, depending on the severity and location of the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be required to remove infected tissue or repair damaged organs.

Preventive measures for cryptococcosis include avoiding exposure to fungal spores, practicing good hygiene, and maintaining a healthy immune system. For individuals with HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral therapy can help reduce the risk of developing cryptococcosis.

Overall, while rare, cryptococcosis is a serious opportunistic infection that can affect individuals with compromised immune systems. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Causes:
The most common cause of candidiasis is an imbalance in the natural bacteria and yeast that live in and around the vagina. This imbalance can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Taking antibiotics, which can kill off the "good" bacteria that keep candida in check
* Pregnancy and menopause, when hormonal changes can lead to an overgrowth of yeast
* Diabetes, which can cause excess sugar in the body that feeds the growth of yeast
* Weakened immune system
* Poor hygiene or poor fitting clothing and underwear that can trap moisture and create a warm environment for yeast to grow.

Symptoms:
The symptoms of candidiasis can vary from person to person, but common signs include:

* Itching, burning, and redness of the vulva and vagina
* A thick, white discharge that looks like cottage cheese and has no odor or a mild, sweet smell
* Pain or discomfort during sex
* Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility) if the infection is severe or recurrent.

Diagnosis:
A healthcare provider can diagnose candidiasis by performing a physical examination and taking a sample of vaginal discharge for testing. The provider may also take a culture of the yeast to determine which type of candida is causing the infection.

Treatment:
Candidiasis can be treated with antifungal medications, such as clotrimazole or terconazole. These medications are available over-the-counter or by prescription and come in creams, tablets, or suppositories. To help clear the infection, treatment may also include:

* Avoiding irritants such as douches, powders, or scented soaps
* Wearing loose-fitting clothing and cotton underwear
* Keeping the genital area clean and dry
* Avoiding sex during treatment

Complications:
If left untreated, candidiasis can lead to complications such as:

* Recurrent infections
* Inflammation of the vulva (vulvodynia)
* Inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis)
* Pain during sex
* Difficulty getting pregnant (infertility)

Prevention:
To prevent candidiasis, women can take the following steps:

* Practice good hygiene by washing the genital area gently with soap and water
* Avoid using douches, powders, or scented soaps
* Wear loose-fitting clothing and cotton underwear
* Change out of wet or sweaty clothes as soon as possible
* Avoid sex during treatment for candidiasis.

Prognosis:
With proper treatment, the prognosis for candidiasis is good. The infection usually clears up within a week or two with antifungal medication. However, recurrent infections can be more difficult to treat and may require longer courses of therapy. In some cases, candidiasis can lead to complications such as inflammation of the vulva or vagina, which can be more challenging to treat.

It is important for women to seek medical attention if they experience any symptoms of candidiasis, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Types of fungal lung diseases include:

1. Aspergillosis: This is an infection caused by the fungus Aspergillus, which is commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter. It can affect people with weakened immune systems, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or taking immunosuppressive drugs.
2. Cryptococcosis: This is an infection caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans, which is found in soil and decaying wood. It can affect people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive drugs.
3. Histoplasmosis: This is an infection caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, which is found in soil and decaying organic matter. It can affect people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive drugs.
4. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP): This is an infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, which is found in soil and decaying organic matter. It can affect people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive drugs.
5. Sporotrichosis: This is an infection caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, which is found in soil and decaying organic matter. It can affect people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive drugs.

Symptoms of fungal lung diseases can include:

* Cough
* Fever
* Chest pain
* Shortness of breath
* Fatigue

Diagnosis of fungal lung diseases is typically made through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and fungal cultures. Treatment usually involves antifungal medications and may also include supportive care to manage symptoms.

Prevention of fungal lung diseases includes:

1. Avoiding exposure to fungal spores by wearing protective clothing and gear when working with soil or decaying organic matter.
2. Maintaining good indoor air quality by using ventilation systems and reducing humidity.
3. Reducing the risk of infection by avoiding close contact with people who are at high risk of developing fungal lung diseases, such as those with weakened immune systems.
4. Avoiding smoking and other tobacco products, which can increase the risk of developing fungal lung diseases.
5. Managing underlying medical conditions, such as HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive drugs, to reduce the risk of developing fungal lung diseases.

The condition can affect anyone, but it is more common in older adults and people with certain underlying health conditions such as diabetes, circulatory problems, and immune deficiency disorders. It can also be a side effect of certain medications or a result of exposure to fungal spores in the environment.

There are several types of onychomycosis, including:

1. Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis: This is the most common type and affects the nails of the big toe and thumb.
2. Proximal subungual onychomycosis: This type affects the nails of the fingertips and toes.
3. White superficial onychomycosis: This type is characterized by a white, patchy appearance on the surface of the nail.
4. Candidal onychomycosis: This type is caused by a yeast infection and is more common in people with diabetes or compromised immune systems.

Onychomycosis can be diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and fungal cultures of the nail. Treatment options include topical creams and ointments, oral medications, and laser therapy. The best treatment approach depends on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the individual's overall health status.

Preventative measures for onychomycosis include keeping the nails clean and dry, avoiding sharing personal care items, wearing socks that absorb sweat, and using antifungal sprays or powders. Good hygiene practices and regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can also help prevent and manage onychomycosis.

The symptoms of mycetoma can vary depending on the type of pathogen causing the infection, but they typically include:

* Swelling and redness of the affected area
* Pain or tenderness to the touch
* Skin thickening and hardening
* Ulceration and discharge of pus
* Fever and malaise

Mycetoma can be difficult to diagnose, as the symptoms can be similar to those of other skin conditions. However, a biopsy of the affected tissue can help to confirm the diagnosis by revealing the presence of granulomas and the pathogen responsible for the infection.

Treatment of mycetoma typically involves antibiotics or antifungal medications, which can help to clear the infection and reduce symptoms. In severe cases, surgical debridement of the affected tissue may be necessary to remove the infected area.

Prevention of mycetoma is challenging, as it is often caused by environmental factors such as soil and water contamination. However, maintaining good wound care and hygiene practices can help to reduce the risk of infection. Early diagnosis and treatment can also help to prevent the spread of the infection and reduce the risk of complications.

Overall, mycetoma is a chronic and debilitating condition that can have a significant impact on quality of life. While it can be challenging to diagnose and treat, early detection and appropriate management can help to improve outcomes for patients affected by this condition.

Candidiasis, invasive is caused by the overgrowth of Candida in the body, which can occur for a variety of reasons, such as:

* Weakened immune system due to HIV/AIDS, cancer, or medications that suppress the immune system.
* Invasive medical devices, such as central lines or implanted pacemakers.
* Previous history of invasive candidiasis.
* Pregnancy.
* Intravenous drug use.

The symptoms of candidiasis, invasive can vary depending on the organs affected, but may include:

* Fever.
* Chills.
* Shortness of breath.
* Pain in the abdomen or chest.
* Confusion or disorientation.
* Skin rash or lesions.

Diagnosis of candidiasis, invasive is based on a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as blood cultures and imaging studies. Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal medications, which may be given intravenously or orally, depending on the severity of the infection. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the infection.

Prevention of candidiasis, invasive includes:

* Proper hygiene and handwashing practices.
* Avoiding close contact with individuals who have invasive candidiasis.
* Avoiding sharing of personal items, such as toothbrushes or razors.
* Avoiding the use of invasive medical devices, if possible.
* Proper care and maintenance of medical devices.
* Monitoring for signs of infection in individuals with weakened immune systems.

In conclusion, candidiasis, invasive is a serious and potentially life-threatening fungal infection that can affect various organs and systems in the body. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Proper prevention and control measures can help reduce the risk of developing invasive candidiasis.

There are several types of tinea, including:

1. Tinea corporis (ringworm): This is one of the most common forms of tinea, characterized by itchy, circular patches on the skin.
2. Tinea pedis (athlete's foot): This type of tinea affects the feet and causes itching, burning, and flaking skin.
3. Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp): This type of tinea affects the scalp and can cause hair loss, itching, and scaling.
4. Tinea barbae (beard ringworm): This type of tinea affects the beard area and can cause itching, redness, and flaking skin.
5. Tinea cruris (jock itch): This type of tinea affects the groin area and can cause itching, redness, and flaking skin.

Tinea is usually treated with antifungal medications, which are applied topically or taken orally. In some cases, the infection may need to be removed surgically. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as tinea can lead to complications such as skin thickening and discoloration.

Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene, avoiding sharing personal items, and wearing loose-fitting clothing that allows for good airflow. In addition, using antifungal powders or sprays can help prevent the development of tinea.

There are several types of fungal eye infections, including:

1. Aspergillosis: This is a common type of fungal infection that affects the eye. It is caused by the fungus Aspergillus and can occur in people with weakened immune systems or pre-existing eye conditions.
2. Candidemia: This is another common type of fungal infection that affects the eye. It is caused by the fungus Candida and can occur in people with weakened immune systems or pre-existing eye conditions.
3. Cryptococcosis: This is a rare type of fungal infection that affects the eye. It is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus and can occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.
4. Histoplasmosis: This is a rare type of fungal infection that affects the eye. It is caused by the fungus Histoplasma and can occur in people who have been exposed to the fungus in soil or bird droppings.
5. Blastomycosis: This is a rare type of fungal infection that affects the eye. It is caused by the fungus Blastomyces and can occur in people who have been exposed to the fungus in soil or water.

Fungal eye infections can cause a range of symptoms, including redness, discharge, pain, and vision loss. Treatment typically involves antifungal medication and may also include surgery to remove any infected tissue. In severe cases, fungal eye infections can lead to blindness if left untreated.

Prevention measures for fungal eye infections include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands regularly and avoiding close contact with people who have the infection. People with weakened immune systems should also avoid exposure to fungi by avoiding outdoor activities during peak fungal growth seasons and wearing protective clothing when working or playing in areas where fungi are likely to be present.

Overall, fungal eye infections are uncommon but can be serious conditions that require prompt medical attention. If you suspect you may have a fungal eye infection, it is important to seek medical care as soon as possible to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

The fungus is found in soil and water and is typically contracted through the inhalation of contaminated dust or the ingestion of contaminated food or water. The symptoms of blastomycosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but may include:

* Fever
* Cough
* Shortness of breath
* Skin lesions
* Joint pain
* Swollen lymph nodes

In severe cases, blastomycosis can lead to life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure, cardiovascular problems, and meningitis.

Diagnosis of blastomycosis is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which can be effective in resolving symptoms and preventing complications. However, the disease can be challenging to diagnose and treat, and long-term follow-up is often necessary to ensure that the infection has been fully cleared.

Preventive measures for blastomycosis include avoiding contact with contaminated soil and water, wearing protective clothing and equipment when working outdoors in areas where the fungus is prevalent, and taking antifungal medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to preventing severe complications and improving outcomes for patients with blastomycosis.

Examples of OIs include:

1. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP): A type of pneumonia caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii, which is commonly found in the lungs of individuals with HIV/AIDS.
2. Cryptococcosis: A fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans, which can affect various parts of the body, including the lungs, central nervous system, and skin.
3. Aspergillosis: A fungal infection caused by Aspergillus fungi, which can affect various parts of the body, including the lungs, sinuses, and brain.
4. Histoplasmosis: A fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, which is commonly found in the soil and can cause respiratory and digestive problems.
5. Candidiasis: A fungal infection caused by Candida albicans, which can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, mouth, throat, and vagina.
6. Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can affect various parts of the body, including the brain, eyes, and lymph nodes.
7. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
8. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV): A viral infection that can cause various types of cancer, including Kaposi's sarcoma, which is more common in individuals with compromised immunity.

The diagnosis and treatment of OIs depend on the specific type of infection and its severity. Treatment may involve antibiotics, antifungals, or other medications, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. It is important for individuals with HIV/AIDS to receive prompt and appropriate treatment for OIs to help prevent the progression of their disease and improve their quality of life.

If left untreated, sporotrichosis can progress to more serious complications such as bone infections, meningitis, or other life-threatening conditions. Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal medications and surgical debridement of infected tissue.

Sporotrichosis has been associated with a number of risk factors including rural living, outdoor work, and contact with soil or contaminated objects. In some cases, sporotrichosis may also be transmitted through inhalation of fungal spores.

Prevention measures include avoiding activities that involve exposure to soil or other potential sources of the fungus, wearing protective clothing and equipment when working outdoors, and taking precautions such as washing hands regularly to reduce the risk of infection.

Mucormycosis is a relatively rare disease, but it can be severe and potentially life-threatening. The symptoms of mucormycosis can vary depending on the location of the infection, but they may include fever, fatigue, pain, swelling, and redness at the site of the infection.

Mucormycosis is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the infected tissue and antifungal medications. In severe cases, hospitalization and intensive care may be necessary.

Prevention of mucormycosis involves avoiding exposure to fungal spores, keeping wounds clean and dry, and seeking medical attention if signs of infection are present. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or taking immunosuppressive medications, are at higher risk for developing mucormycosis and should take extra precautions to avoid exposure to fungal spores.

In conclusion, mucormycosis is a rare but potentially serious fungal infection that can affect various parts of the body. It is important to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of mucormycosis, and to seek medical attention promptly if suspected. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for mucormycosis is generally good.

1. Cutaneous fusariosis: This type of infection affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, causing ulcers, nodules, and plaques.
2. Osteoarticular fusariosis: This type of infection affects the bones and joints, causing pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
3. Fusariosis sinusitis: This type of infection affects the paranasal sinuses and can cause chronic rhinosinusitis, meningitis, and ocular involvement.
4. Fusariosis pneumonia: This type of infection affects the lungs and can cause fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.
5. Fusariosis disseminated: This type of infection affects multiple organs and tissues, including the skin, bones, joints, lungs, and central nervous system.

The signs and symptoms of fusariosis can vary depending on the severity and location of the infection, but common symptoms include:

* Skin lesions such as ulcers, nodules, and plaques
* Joint pain and swelling
* Bone pain and limited mobility
* Fever
* Cough
* Difficulty breathing
* Headache
* Fatigue
* Weight loss

The diagnosis of fusariosis is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Laboratory tests may include:

* Blood cultures: to isolate the fungus from the blood
* Skin or tissue biopsy: to confirm the presence of the fungus in the affected tissue
* Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans: to evaluate the extent of the infection

Treatment of fusariosis is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. The primary goal of treatment is to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. Treatment options include:

* Antifungal medications: to target the fungus and prevent its growth
* Pain management: to control pain and discomfort
* Wound care: to promote healing of skin lesions and prevent further injury
* Physical therapy: to maintain joint mobility and strength
* Respiratory support: to manage respiratory symptoms
* Nutritional support: to ensure adequate nutrition and hydration

The prognosis for patients with fusariosis is generally poor, with high mortality rates reported in some cases. However, with early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and close monitoring, some patients may experience improved symptoms and quality of life. It is important to note that the risk of recurrence is high in patients with fusariosis, and ongoing management and surveillance are often necessary to prevent further infections.

Prevention of fusariosis is challenging, but some measures can be taken to reduce the risk of infection. These include:

* Avoiding exposure to fungal spores
* Practicing good wound care and hygiene
* Avoiding immunosuppressive medications whenever possible
* Monitoring for signs of infection and seeking medical attention promptly if symptoms develop

Overall, fusariosis is a severe and potentially life-threatening infection that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. With early intervention and ongoing management, some patients may experience improved outcomes and quality of life.

Trichosporonosis can cause a range of symptoms depending on the site of infection. For example, skin lesions may appear as scaly, round patches that are red and itchy, while eye infections may lead to conjunctivitis with discharge and sensitivity to light. Nasal infections can cause nasal congestion, runny nose, and sinusitis.

Trichosporonosis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and microbiological tests such as culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the presence of Trichosporon species in the affected tissue. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, and the prognosis is generally good if the infection is treated promptly and effectively. However, in rare cases, trichosporonosis can be disseminated or resistant to treatment, which may lead to serious complications or death.

In summary, trichosporonosis is a type of fungal infection caused by Trichosporon species that can affect various parts of the body and can have a range of symptoms depending on the site of infection. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

Tinea pedis can cause a range of symptoms, including:

* Itching, burning, and stinging sensations on the skin
* Redness, scaliness, and peeling of the skin
* Cracking and fissuring of the skin
* Blisters or sores that ooze fluid
* A bad odor emanating from the affected area

The fungus that causes tinea pedis can be contracted through direct contact with an infected person or by touching contaminated objects, such as shower floors, pool surfaces, or used towels. It can also be spread through shared footwear and socks.

To diagnose tinea pedis, a healthcare provider will typically examine the affected area and may take a skin scraping or nail clipping for further examination under a microscope or by culture. Treatment usually involves topical antifungal creams, ointments, or powders, as well as good hygiene practices such as washing and drying the feet thoroughly, especially after exercising or showering. In severe cases, oral antifungal medications may be prescribed.

Preventive measures to avoid getting tinea pedis include:

* Keeping the feet clean and dry
* Wearing well-ventilated shoes and socks made of breathable materials
* Avoiding sharing footwear or socks
* Using a separate towel for the feet
* Not walking barefoot in public areas
* Drying the feet thoroughly after showering or exercising
* Wearing socks that absorb sweat and change them frequently.

Also known as: Corneal inflammation, Eye inflammation, Keratoconjunctivitis, Ocular inflammation.

A type of meningitis caused by a fungal infection. Fungal meningitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when fungi enter the bloodstream and spread to the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord (meninges).

The most common types of fungi that cause fungal meningitis are Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus. These fungi can be found in soil, decaying organic matter, and contaminated food. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive drugs, are at a higher risk of developing fungal meningitis.

Symptoms of fungal meningitis may include fever, headache, stiff neck, sensitivity to light, and confusion. If left untreated, fungal meningitis can lead to serious complications such as brain damage, hearing loss, and seizures. Treatment typically involves the use of antifungal medications, and in severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or relieve pressure on the brain.

Preventive measures for fungal meningitis include avoiding exposure to fungal sources, practicing good hygiene, and taking antifungal medications as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical in preventing serious complications and improving outcomes for patients with fungal meningitis.

Symptoms of neutropenia may include recurring infections, fever, fatigue, weight loss, and swollen lymph nodes. The diagnosis is typically made through a blood test that measures the number of neutrophils in the blood.

Treatment options for neutropenia depend on the underlying cause but may include antibiotics, supportive care to manage symptoms, and in severe cases, bone marrow transplantation or granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy to increase neutrophil production.

The main cause of ABPA is exposure to airborne spores of the fungus Aspergillus, which are commonly found in soil and decaying organic matter. Individuals with a pre-existing allergic condition may be more susceptible to developing an allergic reaction to these spores, leading to inflammation and damage to the airways.

Diagnosis of ABPA typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and bronchoscopy with biopsy. Treatment for ABPA typically involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and antifungal medications to treat any underlying infection. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide oxygen therapy and other supportive care.

Prevention of ABPA includes avoiding exposure to known allergens and maintaining good respiratory hygiene. This can involve regularly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and objects, using HEPA filters in air purifiers, and wearing a mask when working with or around potentially contaminated materials.

Prognosis for ABPA is generally good if treated promptly and effectively, but untreated cases can lead to serious complications such as respiratory failure and other organ damage. With proper management and prevention strategies in place, individuals with ABPA can lead active and fulfilling lives.

Pulmonary aspergillosis is a type of fungal infection that affects the lungs and is caused by the fungus Aspergillus. It can occur in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with cancer, HIV/AIDS, or taking immunosuppressive drugs following an organ transplant.

The symptoms of pulmonary aspergillosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and may include:

* Coughing up blood or mucus
* Chest pain or tightness
* Fever
* Shortness of breath
* Chills
* Weight loss

In severe cases, pulmonary aspergillosis can lead to respiratory failure, which can be life-threatening.

Pulmonary aspergillosis is diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests such as chest X-rays, CT scans, and fungal cultures. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications and supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide oxygen therapy and other respiratory support.

Prevention is key in avoiding pulmonary aspergillosis, especially for individuals with weakened immune systems. This includes avoiding exposure to fungal spores, managing underlying health conditions, and taking antifungal medications as prescribed. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes for those affected by this condition.

Symptoms of otitis externa may include:

* Ear pain or tenderness
* Redness and swelling of the ear canal
* Discharge or pus in the ear canal
* Itching or burning sensation in the ear canal
* Fever or chills
* Difficulty hearing or feeling as if the ear is clogged

Otitis externa can be diagnosed by a healthcare professional through a physical examination of the ear canal and may also involve a pus sample or imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans to rule out other conditions. Treatment options for otitis externa may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or topical creams or drops to reduce pain and inflammation. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove any infected tissue or debris from the ear canal.

Prevention of otitis externa includes avoiding exposure to moisture, using earplugs when swimming or showering, and keeping the ears clean and dry. If you suspect you have otitis externa, it is important to seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications such as mastoiditis or meningitis.

1. Zygomycosis is a rare and opportunistic fungal infection caused by members of the order Ophiostomatales, which primarily affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, but can also disseminate to other organs and cause severe systemic disease.
2. Zygomycosis is a type of deep mycosis that is characterized by the presence of broad, flat pseudohyphae and/or thick-walled spherules in the infected tissue, typically seen on histopathological examination.
3. Zygomycosis is an invasive fungal infection that can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, soft tissues, bones, and organs, and is often associated with underlying conditions such as diabetes, immunodeficiency, or malignancy.
4. Zygomycosis is a rare and aggressive fungal infection that can cause significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent progression of the disease.

Examples of AROIs include:

1. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP): a type of pneumonia caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii.
2. Tuberculosis (TB): a bacterial infection that can affect the lungs, brain, or other organs.
3. Toxoplasmosis: an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii that can affect the brain, eyes, and other organs.
4. Cryptococcosis: a fungal infection that can affect the lungs, brain, or skin.
5. Histoplasmosis: a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum that can affect the lungs, skin, and other organs.
6. Aspergillosis: a fungal infection caused by Aspergillus species that can affect the lungs, sinuses, and other organs.
7. Candidiasis: a fungal infection caused by Candida species that can affect the mouth, throat, vagina, or skin.
8. Kaposi's sarcoma: a type of cancer that is caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and can affect the skin and lymph nodes.
9. Wasting syndrome: a condition characterized by weight loss, fatigue, and diarrhea.
10. Opportunistic infections that can affect the gastrointestinal tract, such as cryptosporidiosis and isosporiasis.

AROIs are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with HIV/AIDS, and they can be prevented or treated with antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and other interventions.

The symptoms of coccidioidomycosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's immune response. Some people may experience mild symptoms, such as fever, cough, and fatigue, while others may develop more severe symptoms, including pneumonia, meningitis, and bone or skin infections. Skin lesions and rashes are also common.

Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment may involve antifungal medications and supportive care to manage symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

Prevention is key in avoiding coccidioidomycosis, which includes avoiding areas with high concentrations of the fungus, using respiratory protection when working in areas where the fungus is present, and taking antifungal medications prophylactically for those who are at high risk.

Prognosis for coccidioidomycosis is generally good for those with mild infections, but can be poor for those with severe infections or underlying conditions such as HIV/AIDS or cancer. Long-term effects of the infection can include lung scarring and joint damage.

Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM (January 1999). "Current and emerging azole antifungal agents". Clinical Microbiology ... Kyriakidis I, Tragiannidis A, Munchen S, Groll AH (February 2017). "Clinical hepatotoxicity associated with antifungal agents ... The imidazole antifungals contain a 1,3-diazole (imidazole) ring (two nitrogen atoms), whereas the triazole antifungals have a ... Antifungal Drugs - Detailed information on antifungals from the Fungal Guide written by R. Thomas and K. Barber "Clotrimazole ...
However, ketoconazole has largely been replaced as a first-line systemic antifungal medication by other azole antifungal agents ... part 4. Synthesis and antifungal activity of ketoconazole, a new potent orally active broad-spectrum antifungal agent". Journal ... Tarbit MH, Robertson WR, Lambert A (1990). "Hepatic and Endocrine Effects of Azole Antifungal Agents". Chemotherapy of Fungal ... As with all azole antifungal agents, ketoconazole works principally by inhibiting the enzyme cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase ( ...
Graininger W, Diab-Elschahawi M, Presterl E (2019). "3. Antifungal agents". In Presterl E (ed.). Clinically Relevant Mycoses: A ... and usually requires topical or systemic antifungal medicines. Pneumocystosis does not respond to anti-fungals is treated with ... Treatment is generally performed using antifungal medicines, usually in the form of a cream or by mouth or injection, depending ... Blyth CC, Hale K, Palasanthiran P, O'Brien T, Bennett MH (February 2010). "Antifungal therapy in infants and children with ...
Discuss with healthcare professionals before the use of topical antifungal agents. Prior to using topical antifungals, wash the ... The four classes of topical antifungal drugs are azole antifungals, polyene antifungals, allylamine antifungals, and other ... ciclopirox olamine antifungals, thiocarbamate antifungals and undecylenic alkanolamide antifungals. Topical antifungal drugs ... Most antifungal agents treat both dermatophyte and yeast infections. However, some, such as nystatin, are not suitable for ...
"Chapter 76:Antifungal Agents". Medical microbiology (4th ed.). Galveston, Tex.: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston ... It also serves as an anti-fouling agent in paints to cover and protect surfaces against mildew and algae. Clioquinol and PBT2 ... It is also used as a food additive, shelf-life extending agent in food packaging, and wood preservative in timber treatment. ... Some synthetic agents are not macrocyclic, e.g. carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Even simple organic ...
It contains a water-repellent base (consisting of oils/waxes); protective and emollient agents; antibacterial and antifungal ... agents; and a weak anesthetic. As well as nappy rash, it can also be used to treat eczema, bedsores, minor burns, surface ...
Odds, Frank C.; Brown, Alistair J.P.; Gow, Neil A.R. (2003). "Antifungal agents: mechanisms of action". Trends in Microbiology ... His studies of how the cell walls of fungal pathogenic species is assembled, responds to antifungal antibiotics and is ... recognised by the human immune system directly impacts on the design and use of antifungal drugs, diagnostics and ...
Hiraki, J. (1995). "Basic and applied studies on ε-polylysine". Journal of Antibacterial Antifungal Agents. 23: 349-354. Mazia ... s as delivery agents for antisense oligonucleotides". Pharmaceutical Research. 24 (8): 1581-1589. doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9231-y ... which offers a new way to deliver therapeutic agents specifically to the sites of injury after vascular damage. In 2010, ... which can be used either as surfactants or emulsifiers in the encapsulation of water-insoluble drugs or as antimicrobial agents ...
Editorial: Resistance to antifungal agents. Fungal Genetics and Biology : Fg & B. 47: 190. PMID 20026235DOI: 10.1016/J.Fgb. ... case reports of antifungal agents, and copious international studies. Before his death in 2020, Odds helped establish the ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 56: 208-17. PMID 21986821DOI: 10.1128/Aac.00683-11 Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Casadevall A, ... An insight into the antifungal pipeline: selected new molecules and beyond. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 9: 719-27. PMID ...
... is an antifungal agent. 2-Aminotetralin () is alkylated with ethylchloroacetate to afford the glycine derivative. ... a novel type of antifungal agents". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 10 (6): 1160-1. doi:10.1021/jm00318a039. PMID 6056048. v t ... Antifungals, Ethyl esters, Imidazoles, 1-Aminotetralins, All stub articles, Antiinfective agent stubs). ...
Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections; antiviral agents treat viral infections; and antifungal agents treat fungal ... Infectious diseases specialists employ a variety of antimicrobial agents to help treat infections. The type of antimicrobial ...
They usually contain a single use antifungal agent such as clotrimazole. Oral antifungal agents are also available. Pessaries ...
... is a triterpenoid antifungal agent. It acts via inhibition of the enzyme glucan synthase, which is involved in ... It is the first, and so far only, non-azole oral antifungal drug to be FDA approved for the treatment of vaginal yeast ... Azie N, Angulo D, Dehn B, Sobel JD (September 2020). "Oral Ibrexafungerp: an investigational agent for the treatment of ... Ibrexafungerp is the first triterpenoid antifungal to be FDA approved. It acts via inhibition of glucan synthase, which ...
Mühlbacher JM (1991). "Naftifine: a topical allylamine antifungal agent". Clinics in Dermatology. 9 (4): 479-85. doi:10.1016/ ... It was the first successful antifungal medication of the allylamine class. Naftifine has triple action: antifungal, ... It is also effective as an antibacterial agent in treating pyoderma. Naftifine is almost completely metabolized in the human ... Naftifine hydrochloride (brand names include Exoderil and Naftin) is an allylamine antifungal drug for the topical treatment of ...
Yoshida Y (1988). "Cytochrome P450 of fungi: primary target for azole antifungal agents". Current Topics in Medical Mycology. 2 ... Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM (January 1999). "Current and emerging azole antifungal agents". Clinical Microbiology ... Terconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat vaginal yeast infection. It comes as a lotion or a suppository and disrupts the ... 6. Synthesis and antifungal properties of terconazole, a novel triazole ketal". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 26 (4): 611-3. ...
Van Der Linden, Jan W. M.; Warris, Adilia; Verweij, Paul E. (April 2011). "species intrinsically resistant to antifungal agents ... to the antifungal drug amphotericin B though it is generally thought susceptible to other antifungal drugs such as voriconazole ... Arendrup, M.C. (June 2014). "Update on antifungal resistance in Aspergillus and Candida". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. ... Resistance to Antifungal Drugs". Mycopathologia. 174 (2): 131-141. doi:10.1007/s11046-012-9526-y. PMID 22327841. Samson, R.A.; ...
"Pharmacotherapy Update - New Antifungal Agents: Additions to the Existing Armamentarium (Part 1)". Debono M, Gordee RS (1994 ... Boucher HW, Groll AH, Chiou CC, Walsh TJ (2004). "Newer systemic antifungal agents : pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy". ... 2006). "Pharmacology of Systemic Antifungal Agents". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 43 (Suppl 1): S28. doi:10.1086/504492. ... All three agents are well-tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being fever, rash, nausea, and phlebitis at the ...
"Antifungal agents: chemotherapeutic targets and immunologic strategies". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 40 (2): 279-91 ...
Schiller DS, Fung HB (September 2007). "Posaconazole: an extended-spectrum triazole antifungal agent". Clinical Therapeutics. ... Posaconazole, sold under the brand name Noxafil among others, is a triazole antifungal medication. It was approved for medical ...
2007, 72, 6753-6757 doi:10.1021/jo0707939 Overhand, Mark; Hecht, Sidney M. (1994). "A Concise Synthesis of the Antifungal Agent ...
... was initially developed as an antifungal agent. However, this use was abandoned when it was discovered to have potent ... Rapamycin is used in biology research as an agent for chemically induced dimerization. In this application, rapamycin is added ... Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN (October 1975). "Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the ... Due to its immunosuppressant activity, Rapamycin has been assessed as prophylaxis or treatment agent of Graft-versus-host ...
Rimocidin Filipin Candicin Hamycin Perimycin Dermostatin "Antifungal Agents". Polyene Antifungal Drugs. NCBI Bookshelf. The ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Antifungals, Macrolides, Polyenes, All stub ... Robbins, Nicole; Caplan, Tavia; Cowen, Leah E. (September 8, 2017). "Molecular Evolution of Antifungal Drug Resistance". Annual ... "Solution NMR structure of five representative glycosylated polyene macrolide antibiotics with a sterol-dependent antifungal ...
Leyva Salas, M; Mounier, J; Valence, F; Coton, M; Thierry, A; Coton, E (8 July 2017). "Antifungal Microbial Agents for Food ... Another common crisping agent is calcium chloride, which evolved from the practice of using pickling lime. See also firming ... The yeast from the bread, along with other pickling agents and spices fermented under the hot sun, give the cucumbers a unique ... Some pickle cultures are said to contain bacteria producing natural antifungals. Nitrites, responsible for the creation of N- ...
... novel antifungal agents produced by Penicillium restrictum. I. Production, taxonomy of the producing organism and biological ...
Martín, ML; San Román, L; Domínguez, A (1990). "In vitro activity of protoanemonin, an antifungal agent". Planta Medica. 56 (1 ...
ISBN 978-1-284-17132-7. Miceli MH, Kauffman CA (November 2015). "Isavuconazole: A New Broad-Spectrum Triazole Antifungal Agent ... January 2003). "Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of a novel water soluble prodrug of antifungal triazole". Bioorganic ... Isavuconazonium sulfate, sold under the brand name Cresemba, is a systemic antifungal medication of the triazole class which is ... Guinea J, Bouza E (December 2008). "Isavuconazole: a new and promising antifungal triazole for the treatment of invasive fungal ...
Studies have linked the anti-fungal activity of several anti-fungal agents to the inhibition of cystathionine beta-lyase; ... Jastrzębowska K, Gabriel I (February 2015). "Inhibitors of amino acids biosynthesis as antifungal agents". Amino Acids. 47 (2 ... leads for new antimicrobial agents and probes of enzyme structure and function". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 50 (4): 755-64 ...
... is resistant to the antifungal agent cycloheximide. However the growth of this species is inhibited by ... Geomyces pannorum has been identified as an agent of disfigurement of pigments used in the 15,000-year-old paintings on the ... Xanthomonas campestris and the causative agent of plant crown gall tumours, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fungal 18S rDNA ...
... antifungal agents are used to treat these infections. Amphotericin B deoxycholate is the most common treatment antifungal agent ... Nystatin is a type of antifungal agent used because it is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. These types of agents ... Topical antifungal agents are commonly taken in 3 forms: oral suspension, ointment and powder. Oral suspension is mainly used ... Many conditions that contribute to C. tropicalis survival and colonization are: a) increase the use of antifungal regimen, b) ...
"The biology and chemistry of antifungal agents: A review". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 20 (19): 5678-5698. doi:10.1016/j. ... Notable triazoles include the antifungal drugs fluconazole and itraconazole and the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol. ... A Promising Antitubercular Agent". Chemical Biology & Drug Design. 86 (4): 410-423. doi:10.1111/cbdd.12527. PMID 25643871. Kaur ... Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 16 (4): 465-489. doi:10.2174/1871520615666150819121106. PMID 26286663. Kathiravan, ...
Most of those components are antitumor agents and anthracycline antibiotics active against Gram-positive bacteria. Bohemic acid ... antifungal or antitumor activity. The bottom fragment of rudolphomycin is a cyclic (sugar) compound with a chemical formula ... Subscription or participating institution membership required.) "Antitumor agents from the bohemic acid complex. 4. Structures ... "Antitumor Agents from Bohemic Acid Complex, VI. Schaunardimycin". Journal of Natural Products. 47 (4): 698-701. doi:10.1021/ ...
It is also a photo-degradation product of the common antibacterial and antifungal agent triclosan along with the dioxin 2,8- ...
Polyene antifungals have been identified as a possible treatment. The species has been detected in meat intended for human ... S. Zaragoza; L. Galanternik; M. Vazquez; A. Teper; S. Córdoba; J. Finquelievich (2015). "Candida blankii: New agent in cystic ... The fungus proved resistant to treatment with antifungals. The yeast was characterized as "an opportunist pathogen for lung ... Different strains, it was suggested, should also be studied "to increase knowledge of genetic diversity and antifungal ...
Benny PJ, George Shibumon, Kuriakose Sunny, George Cincy (2010) "2, 3-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid: An Effective Antifungal Agent ... Its fruit is rich in an antimicrobial agent-2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid. The family Salicaceae includes well-known species such ...
Birch, Michael (19 September 2015). "The antifungal activity of F901318, a new antifungal agent from the novel orotomide class ... Oliver, J.; Law, D.; Sibley, G.; Kennedy, A.; Birch, M. "F901318, a Novel Antifungal Agent from the Orotomide Class: Discovery ... April 2018). "Pharmacodynamics of the Novel Antifungal Agent F901318 for Acute Sinopulmonary Aspergillosis Caused by ... Unlike other antifungal drugs, the orotomides act differently by stopping pyrimidine biosynthesis in fungal cells. They cause ...
In cases of recurrent or persistent fever, an antifungal agent should be added.[citation needed] Guidelines issued in 2002 by ... March 2002). "2002 guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer". Clin. Infect. Dis. 34 ( ...
Stringfellow D, Glasgow L (1972). "Tilorone hydrochloride: an oral interferon-inducing agent". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2 ( ... "Type III interferon is a critical regulator of innate antifungal immunity". Science Immunology. 2 (16): eaan5357. doi:10.1126/ ... All interferons share several common effects: they are antiviral agents and they modulate functions of the immune system. ... Unconfirmed results suggested that the combination of interferon and an antiviral agent may speed the healing process compared ...
In addition, another antifungal agent, posaconazole, was able to successfully treat disseminated infection by S. vasiformis in ... vasiformis are mainly treated with drug amphotericin B because this species is resistant to many antifungal agents. The side ...
Natamycin is an antifungal agent produced during fermentation by S. natalensis. Struyk AP, Hoette I, Drost G, Waisvisz JM, van ... 1958). "Pimaricin, a new antifungal antibiotic". Antibiot. Annu. 5: 878-885. PMID 13521908. Streptomyces natalensis in taxonomy ...
The antifungal agent terbinafine, typically restricted to the treatment of nail and skin infections, shows a relatively low MIC ... Literature reporting this agent in healthy people is lacking. As a consequence, this species is thought to be exclusively an ... It has been reported occasionally an agent of mucormycosis following the inhalation of fungal spores. Czapek's agar is a ... However, its role as an agent of opportunistic disease may limit its use in environmental remediation. Cunninghamella ...
... which are selective antifungal agents (Niego et al., 2021). Therefore, Oudemansielloid species could turn out to be a source of ...
... nor did local people ever use it as a calming agent. Its primary use is as an antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antifungal. The ...
... infections can be easily managed by topical antifungal agents; however severe cases may necessitate systemic ... Microsporum canis has been identified as a causal agent of a ringworm infection in pets, tinea capitis and tinea corporis in ... and confirm the identity of the agent. Growth of the fungus on Sabouraud's agar (4% glucose), Mycosel or rice medium ...
... because in late infections fungal growth slows down and the agent is ineffective. Many different formulations exist with ... Triazole antifungals, Tertiary alcohols, Cyclopropanes, Chloroarenes, Lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors). ...
Some paints are also manufactured with an added antifungal agent for use in high humidity areas such as bathrooms or kitchens. ... Antibacterial agents can be further subdivided into bactericidal agents, which kill bacteria, and bacteriostatic agents, which ... Phenolics such as fentichlore, an antibacterial and antifungal agent are used as an oral treatment for fungal infections. ... Agents that kill microbes are microbicides, while those that merely inhibit their growth are called bacteriostatic agents. The ...
It is used as a flavoring agent. It is used pharmaceutically as an antibacterial and antifungal. "Specifications for ... "Antifungal activity of cinnamic acid derivatives involves inhibition of benzoate 4-hydroxylase (CYP53)". Journal of Applied ...
... , sold under the brand name Vfend among others, is an antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 50 (4): 1570-1572. doi:10.1128/AAC.50.4.1570-1572.2006. PMC 1426935. PMID 16569888. ... Triazole antifungals, World Health Organization essential medicines). ...
It recognizes and binds to repeated mannose units on the surfaces of infectious agents and its activation triggers endocytosis ... Hardison SE, Brown GD (September 2012). "C-type lectin receptors orchestrate antifungal immunity". Nature Immunology. 13 (9): ...
... dissemination and resistance to antifungal agents. In order to survive in the hostile intracellular environment of the ...
The antifungal nature of thymol against some fungi that are pathogenic to plants is due to its ability to alter the hyphal ... supporting the use of thymol as a pesticide agent that offers a safe alternative to other more persistent chemical pesticides ... In vitro studies have found thymol to be useful as an antifungal against food spoilage and bovine mastitis. Thymol demonstrates ... Bouchra, Chebli; Achouri, Mohamed; Idrissi Hassani, L. M.; Hmamouchi, Mohamed (2003). "Chemical composition and antifungal ...
Representative Polyenes Amphotericin B is an example of a polyene antifungal (antimycotic) agent. Leukotriene A4 is a regulator ... NCBI Bookshelf (1996). "Polyene Antifungal Drugs". The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Retrieved 29 January ...
... s can also be removed chemically and biologically using antifungal/anti‐mycotoxins agents and antifungal plant ... In the feed and food industry it has become common practice to add mycotoxin binding agents such as montmorillonite or ... Dimorphic fungi, which include Blastomyces dermatitidis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, are known causative agents of ... and the use of chemical or biological agents. Irradiation methods have proven to be effective treatment against mold growth and ...
It is an evergreen plant with edible fruit that can be used as a flavouring agent. Its stems are used for fibre and fuel wood. ... The powder form of leaves mixed with mustard oil is used for antifungal activity to curing skin rashes, dermatitis ( ...
Antifungals, All stub articles, Antiinfective agent stubs, Organic chemistry stubs). ... Sparassol is an antibiotic and antifungal isolated from Sparassis crispa. Two new antifungal metabolites produced by Sparassis ...
The concentration of thiomersal used in vaccines as an antimicrobial agent ranges from 0.001% (1 part in 100,000) to 0.01% (1 ... Thiomersal (called "thimerosal" in the US) is an antifungal preservative used in small amounts in some multi-dose vaccines ( ... Unknowingly, American soldiers acted as agents of disease transmission, fostering bacteria in their haphazardly made camps. ... applying numbing agents to the skin; and saving the most painful vaccine for last. As above, the number of vaccines offered in ...
The most reliable antifungal agent against mucormycosis is amphotericin, however the use of this in combination with ... Tissue necrosis blocks the entry of antifungals to infected sites, therefore preventing clearance and promoting circulation of ... In order to prevent permanent kidney damage, therapy was switched to administering the broad spectrum antifungal isavuconazole ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 46 (8): 2564-2568. doi:10.1128/aac.46.8.2564-2568.2002. ISSN 0066-4804. PMC 127374. PMID ...
Currently, the final rinse uses a surfactant, and miconazole, an anti-fungal agent. Drying: Drying in a dust-free environment. ... A chemical reversal agent is absorbed into the emulsion, which is instantly effective. The reversal step can also be carried ... The E-4 process used polluting chemicals, such as the highly toxic reversal agent borane tert-butylamine (TBAB). There are two ... The developer contains CD-3 developing agent, and acts upon the chemically exposed silver halide that was not developed in the ...
... an antifungal agent, the antifungals aurafuron A and B, and the iron siderophores myxochelin A and B. Skerman, V. B. D.; ... Besides bacteria, its production of antifungal antibiotics suggests that Stigmatella species may feed on yeasts and fungi as ...
Antifungal agents. Class Summary. These agents have a mechanism of action that may involve an alteration of RNA and DNA ... A fungicidal allylamine antifungal agent. An alternative agent for treatment of cutaneous or lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis ... A synthetic triazole antifungal agent that inhibits fungal cell growth by inhibiting the cytochrome P-450-dependent synthesis ... A synthetic broad-spectrum bistriazole oral antifungal agent that is a highly selective inhibitor of fungal cytochrome P-450 ...
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We found species were either resist to 2 antifungal agents or had high MIC for some antifungal agents. Consistent with some ... In vitro activities of isavuconazole and other antifungal agents against Candida bloodstream isolates. Antimicrobial Agents and ... but use of this agent is limited to mucosal infections.. Table 1 Resistance rates of Candida spp. to antifungal agents ... and there is a need for new antifungal agents. Unlike the development of antibacterial agents, relatively few drug targets in ...
Antifungal chemotherapy / edited by D. C. E. Speller. by Speller, D. C. E. ...
Antifungal susceptibility testing yeasts using gradient diffusion strips ... Antifungal Agent. MIC Range, µg/mL. Mode. % of MICs Within Range. Candida parapsilosis ATCC®• 22019. Amphotericin B. 0.25-2. ... The antifungal agent diffuses into an agar plate and allows an accurate determination of MIC values based on elliptical growth ... Etest Antifungal Reading Guide from the package insert for Etests from Biomerieux [PDF - 2 pages]. Edition 2013/02. ...
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Effect of Incorporation of Antifungal Agents on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Temporary Soft Denture Liners.. Neppelenbroek ... of antifungal agents for Candida albicans biofilm (SC5314) determined in previous microbiological research. MATERIALS AND ... added into both materials resulted in significantly lower elongation percentages compared to the other antifungal agents and ...
The antifungal activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender oil) and its main components, linalool ... Antifungal Agents / pharmacology* * Candida / drug effects* * Candidiasis, Cutaneous / drug therapy* * Candidiasis, Cutaneous ... Antifungal activity of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil against Candida albicans yeast and mycelial form Med Mycol. 2005 ... The antifungal activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (lavender oil) and its main components, linalool ...
Drug-drug interactions in treatment using azole antifungal agents. Michiel F. Schreuder, Nicole C.A.J. Van De Kar, Roger J.M. ... Schreuder, MF, Van De Kar, NCAJ & Brüggemann, RJM 2016, Drug-drug interactions in treatment using azole antifungal agents, ... Drug-drug interactions in treatment using azole antifungal agents. / Schreuder, Michiel F.; Van De Kar, Nicole C.A.J.; ... Drug-drug interactions in treatment using azole antifungal agents. JAMA. 2016 jun. 21;315(23):2622. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.3820 ...
Antifungal agent. MIC, μg/mL. Range. MIC 50. MIC 90. Geometric mean. ... Molecular Typing and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida viswanathii, India Shamanth A. Shankarnarayan, Shivaprakash M. ... In vitro antifungal susceptibility data of Candida viswanathii isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Chandigarh, India ... Molecular Typing and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida viswanathii, India. ...
Compounds 10 and 12 were found to be the most potent analogues of the series against all the tested antifungal strains. All the ... This communication presents the synthesis, docking, and antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of nitro chalcones. New series ... synthesized derivatives had good antifungal potency in comparison to the antibacterial potency. Based on the preliminary study ... Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nitro-substituted chalcones as potent Antibacterial and Antifungal agents ...
Antifungal Agents. Anti-Infective Agents. Dermatologic Agents. Enzyme Inhibitors. Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological ... Immunosuppressive Agents. Immunologic Factors. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Antirheumatic Agents. Calcineurin Inhibitors. ...
Anidulafungin is an antifungal agent of the echinocandin class which is highly active in vitro against fluconazole resistant ... This study is intended to offer patients with FRMC an alternate therapy with amphotericin B or with other agents whose efficacy ... prior participation in an investigational drug or device study with the exception of antiretroviral agents or licensed agents ...
Critical antifungal agents for meningitis *A feasible and effective screen-and-treat intervention for cryptococcal disease is ... and prescribed appropriate antifungal medicines 4. Antifungal medicines treats meningitis in those who have it, and can prevent ... Test more effective pre-emptive antifungal regimen for antigenaemia in trials − Test less toxic and/or oral formulations of ... amphotericin B in trials − Develop a modified slow-release flucytosine for less frequent dosing − Bring novel antifungals into ...
... management of cryptococcosis of the bilateral adrenal glands and liver by unilateral adrenalectomy with antifungal agents: a ... management of cryptococcosis of the bilateral adrenal glands and liver by unilateral adrenalectomy with antifungal agents: a ...
Antifungal effect of triclosan on Aspergillus fumigatus: quorum quenching role as a single agent and synergy with liposomal ... Antifungal effect of triclosan on Aspergillus fumigatus: quorum quenching role as a single agent and synergy with liposomal ... Antifungal effect of triclosan on Aspergillus fumigatus: quorum quenching role as a single agent and synergy with liposomal ... ac.uk/item/vx18v/antifungal-effect-of-triclosan-on-aspergillus-fumigatus-quorum-quenching-role-as-a-single-agent-and-synergy- ...
Fluconazole: A New Antifungal Agent. Rho Chi New Drug Seminar. Kearney, NE. 1991 ...
However, there is a need for safer, better antifungal agents. Some potential antifungal agents are phenolic compounds that have ... These models will help toxicologists, microbiologists, and chemists discover better antifungal agents to benefit the food ... 3. Predictive models to identify antifungal compounds. Antifungal chemicals are often used to reduce agricultural commodity ... Two of the antifungal compounds evaluated, thymol and caracrol, are components of essential oils of many plants, including the ...
Treatment options include the use of topical antifungal agents and steroids, and surgical intervention. Patients with chronic ... 10 Treatment with a combination of topical steroids and an antifungal agent has been shown to be successful.3,7 Oral antifungal ... Treatment options include the use of topical antifungal agents and steroids, and surgical intervention. Patients with chronic ... Avoidance of water and irritating substances; use of topical steroids and antifungal agents; surgery as last resort. ...
found that tea tree oil was more effective at killing fungi than several other antifungal agents that were tested. ... Rogawansamy, S., Gaskin, S., Taylor, M., & Pisaniello, D. (2015, June 2). An evaluation of antifungal agents for the treatment ... Antifungal activity of sodium bicarbonate against fungal agents causing superficial infections [Abstract]. Mycopathologia, 175( ... which found that garlic has effective antifungal properties.. *A study in Mycoses. , which looked at a compound found in garlic ...
Spice derived essential oils: effective antifungal and possible therapeutic agents. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants ... Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000;88:308-16. View abstract ... Saraswat, M., Reddy, P. Y., Muthenna, P., and Reddy, G. B. Prevention of non-enzymic glycation of proteins by dietary agents: ...
antifungal agrochemical. 10218. metconazole. 5. Path 2. Term. Annotations. CHEBI ontology. 19818. ...
Effect of chitosan and its derivatives as antifungal and preservative agents on postharvest green asparagus. Food Chem. 155, ... A) in vitro antifungal effect on the number of colonies, (B) in vitro antifungal effect on the colony diameter, (C) in vitro ... antifungal effect on the mycelial growth, (D) in vitro antifungal effect on the spore germination, and (E) in vitro antifungal ... Ozone, a well-known strong oxidizing agent, generally safe to use, has been used by the food industry as an antimicrobial agent ...
Drug interactions of the newer oral antifungal agents. Brit J Dermatol 1999;141:26-32.. * Cited Here ... Oral antifungal agents can produce adverse reactions due to a significant risk of liver and kidney toxicity and drug ... Systematic evaluation of efficacy and safety of antifungal drugs in the treatment of onychomycosis. Med Pharmaceut J Chin ... A randomised comparative study of 1064 nm Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and topical antifungal ...
Triclosan has had widespread use in the general population as an antibacterial and antifungal agent and is commonly found in ... Antibacterial-agents; Antifungals; Aluminum-compounds; Lung-cells; Allergens; Allergic-reactions; Analytical-models; Animal- ...
Treatment with antifungal agents has not been proven to prevent dissemination. People at high risk for dissemination should ... Depending on the clinical situation, a variety of antifungal agents can be used, including amphotericin B and fluconazole (or ... Infectious Agent. Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) is caused by the fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. ... Preventive antifungal medication (fluconazole or itraconazole) can be taken in certain circumstances if recommended by a health ...
An antifungal agent inhibits an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase by trapping tRNA in the editing site. Science 316, 1759-1761 (2007). ... Discovery of a new Boron-containing antifungal agent, 5-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole (AN2690), for the ... Vergidis, P. I. & Falagas, M. E. New antibiotic agents for bloodstream infections. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 32, S60-S65 (2008 ... Discovery of a novel and potent class of FabI-directed antibacterial agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 3118-3124 (2002 ...
Categories: Antifungal Agents Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 1 ...
Other topical or oral antifungal agents are preferred over sulfanilamide for uncomplicated vulvovaginitis candidiasis. ... Oral thrush and yeast infections are treated orally or topically with an antifungal antibiotic called nystatin. ... Treatment of yeast infections includes over-the-counter and prescription antifungals. BV treatment involves antibiotics. ...
Topical therapy primarily consists of antifungal agents and low-potency steroids [16]. ... Indeed, we used SLS as an irritating agent to simulate an inflammatory condition. As a reaction, cells started to produce IL-1α ... The color development is inhibited when any antioxidant agent was added in the reaction. The antioxidant capability of the ... and anti pollution agent. The compound can also be used in medical devices to help fight more painful and annoying symptoms ...
  • This study was carried out from October 2003 to March 2007 to investigate susceptibility patterns to antifungals of Candida strains isolated from 410 immunocompromised patients in Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
  • To investigate the ultimate tensile strength of temporary soft denture liners modified by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antifungal agents for Candida albicans biofilm (SC5314) determined in previous microbiological research . (bvsalud.org)
  • Anidulafungin is an antifungal agent of the echinocandin class which is highly active in vitro against fluconazole resistant Candida species. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Also in this issue, a novel agent of fungemia, Candida auris , is reported as having been detected in India. (cdc.gov)
  • resistant to the antifungal agent fluconazole, which is concerning because fluconazole is frequently the first-line treatment for invasive Candida species infections in many countries. (cdc.gov)
  • Risk factors such as changes in land use, seasonal migration, international travel, extreme weather, and natural disasters, and the use of azole antifungal agents in large-scale agriculture are believed to underlay many of the increases in community-acquired fungal infections. (cdc.gov)
  • This communication presents the synthesis, docking, and antibacterial and antifungal evaluation of nitro chalcones. (rjptonline.org)
  • All the synthesized derivatives had good antifungal potency in comparison to the antibacterial potency. (rjptonline.org)
  • It is known to have antibacterial and antifungal properties. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Triclosan has had widespread use in the general population as an antibacterial and antifungal agent and is commonly found in consumer products such as soaps, deodorants, toothpastes, shaving creams, mouth washes, and cleaning supplies. (cdc.gov)
  • If concomitant skin infections are present or develop, an appropriate antifungal or antibacterial agent should be used. (drugs.com)
  • A synthetic triazole antifungal agent that inhibits fungal cell growth by inhibiting the cytochrome P-450-dependent synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component of fungal cell membranes. (medscape.com)
  • Synthetic PO antifungal (broad-spectrum bistriazole) that selectively inhibits fungal cytochrome P-450 and sterol C-14 alpha-demethylation. (medscape.com)
  • Patients who test positive for blood cryptococcal antigen are screened for meningitis (LP) and prescribed appropriate antifungal medicines 4. (slideshare.net)
  • Antifungal activity of amphotericin B results from its ability to insert itself into fungal cytoplasmic membrane at sites that contain ergosterol or other sterols. (medscape.com)
  • This study is intended to offer patients with FRMC an alternate therapy with amphotericin B or with other agents whose efficacy and/or safety are inadequate in the treatment of this disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • type is the antifungal agent amphotericin B, which binds to a specific molecule (ergosterol) found in fungal cells. (britannica.com)
  • local injection of the antibiotic amphotericin B. Extensive disease may require long-term therapy with an oral antifungal drug. (britannica.com)
  • is with the antifungal drugs amphotericin B and flucytosine. (britannica.com)
  • Susceptibility of the isolates to antifungal agents was determined using the reference broth microdilution method. (who.int)
  • Chloroform, ethanolic, methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous root extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Ter- minalia avicennioides were investigated in vitro for antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium species, Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton rubrum using radial growth technique. (who.int)
  • Compounds 10 and 12 were found to be the most potent analogues of the series against all the tested antifungal strains. (rjptonline.org)
  • These agents have a mechanism of action that may involve an alteration of RNA and DNA metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment should involve broad-spectrum antifungal medications that have adequate central nervous system penetration. (cdc.gov)
  • Regular investigations into antifungal resistance in medical centres is highly recommended as this will result in more efficient management of invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. (who.int)
  • Des analyses régulières de la résistance aux antifongiques dans les centres médicaux sont fortement recommandées, car les résultats permettront une prise en charge plus efficace de la candidose systémique chez les patients immunodéprimés. (who.int)
  • Survival rates of non-HIV-infected patients who are treated with these agents usually is very high. (britannica.com)
  • To assess the number of Streptococcus mutans in saliva of patients with denture stomatitis before and after antifungal therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • The use of oral antimicrobial agents may provide a beneficial effect for denture stomatitis patients that are under antifungal therapy and that have poor oral hygiene and unfavorable salivary parameters. (bvsalud.org)
  • Shiradkar M. Design and synthesis of some novel chalcones as potent antimicrobial agent. (rjptonline.org)
  • Confocal laser scanning microscopy was done by applying FUN-1 stain to screen the role of the agents on extracellular polymeric substances. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Gradient diffusion strips (sometimes referred to by the trade name Etest™) are an accurate, inexpensive methodology for testing yeasts for antifungal susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
  • Gram-negative organisms, herpes simplex virus, dermatophytes and yeasts have also been reported as causative agents. (aafp.org)
  • Another study found that tea tree oil was more effective at killing fungi than several other antifungal agents that were tested. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Treatment options include the use of topical antifungal agents and steroids, and surgical intervention. (aafp.org)
  • Other topical or oral antifungal agents are preferred over sulfanilamide for uncomplicated vulvovaginitis candidiasis . (medicinenet.com)
  • The orally available azole antifungals are the drugs of choice for cutaneous or lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in developed nations. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment with antifungal agents has not been proven to prevent dissemination. (cdc.gov)
  • The antifungal activity of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (nih.gov)
  • their synthesis by microwave irradiation and antifungal activity. (rjptonline.org)
  • Use antivirals if the causative agent is suspected to be viral such as in cases associated with herpes zoster or shingles. (medscape.com)
  • Many of these reports describe infections caused by new agents, as well as by traditional agents with new virulence factors or new mechanisms of infection. (cdc.gov)
  • and immunomodulatory agents for treating underlying diseases from cancer to rheumatoid arthritishas contributed to the increase in fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts. (cdc.gov)
  • A report in the Ulster Medical Journal , which found that garlic has effective antifungal properties. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • During World War I, the AUES was established to investigate testing, production and effects of chemical warfare agents, antidotes and protective equipment. (cdc.gov)
  • Antifungals are indicated if the source is caused by a fungus (eg, oral thrush/candidiasis). (medscape.com)
  • 3 If infection persists, warm soaks in addition to an oral antistaphylococcal agent and splint protection of the affected part are indicated. (aafp.org)
  • Tomar boro por vía oral en dosis más altas posiblemente no sea seguro y se ha relacionado con un menor peso al nacer y defectos congénitos. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Es posible que el boro no sea seguro cuando se toma por vía oral en dosis más altas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To study the agents' effect on the conidial viability, flow cytometry analysis was performed. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • The objective of this study was to assay the glycosides, saponins, tannins and polyphenols which root extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus and Terminalia are the bioactive bases responsible for the antimicro- avicennioides for their antifungal activities. (who.int)
  • Also, be interested to obtain to those ia when outlining your buy Hydroxy Pyridones as Antifungal or media received term. (higiaz.com.ar)
  • Effect of Incorporation of Antifungal Agents on the Ultimate Tensile Strength of Temporary Soft Denture Liners. (bvsalud.org)
  • The sampling plan was designed to collect a broad range of volatile and semivolatile chemicals including petroleum hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, potential explosive degradation products and potential chemical warfare agent degradation products. (cdc.gov)