Antifreeze proteins type iii. Medical search

Proteins that bind to ice and modify the growth of ice crystals. They perform a cryoprotective role in a variety of organisms.

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are 3-5 kDa in size and contain a single alanine-rich amphipathic alpha-helix.

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are globular, 6.5 kDa in size and contain compact beta-sheet structures.

The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.

Common name for two families of FLATFISHES belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes: left-eye flounders (Bothidae) and right-eye flounders (Pleuronectidae). The latter is more commonly used in research.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that contain four amphipathic alpha-helices folded into an antiparallel helix bundle.

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that have a cystine-rich globular structure of approximately 14 kD.

A genus of beetles which infests grain products. Its larva is called mealworm.

A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.

A subclass of retinol-binding proteins that take part in the intracellular storage and transport of RETINOL. They are both functionally and structurally distinct from PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEINS.

An order of fish including smelts, galaxiids, and salamanderfish.

Proteins obtained from species of fish (FISHES).

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria in the family OCEANOSPIRILLACEAE. Members of this genus have the ability to synthesize MELANIN pigments.

Common name for an order (Anguilliformes) of voracious, elongate, snakelike teleost fishes.

The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55)

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are constitutively active PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that can interact with and phosphorylate TYPE I BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS.

Common name for the order Pleuronectiformes. A very distinctive group in that during development they become asymmetrical, i.e., one eye migrates to lie adjacent to the other. They swim on the eyeless side. FLOUNDER, sole, and turbot, along with several others, are included in this order.

An order of fish comprising salmons, trouts, whitefish, graylings, and other families. They are both marine and freshwater fish, found in all oceans and are quite numerous in the Northern Hemisphere. (From Nelson: Fishes of the World)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A hardy grain crop, rye, grown in northern climates. It is the most frequent host to ergot (CLAVICEPS), the toxic fungus. Its hybrid with TRITICUM is TRITICALE, another grain.

INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

A climate characterized by COLD TEMPERATURE for a majority of the time during the year.

An abundant lysosomal-associated membrane protein that has been found to shuttle between LYSOSOMES; ENDOSOMES; and the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Loss of expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 is associated with GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE IIB.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.

Proteins which bind with RETINOL. The retinol-binding protein found in plasma has an alpha-1 mobility on electrophoresis and a molecular weight of about 21 kDa. The retinol-protein complex (MW=80-90 kDa) circulates in plasma in the form of a protein-protein complex with prealbumin. The retinol-binding protein found in tissue has a molecular weight of 14 kDa and carries retinol as a non-covalently-bound ligand.

Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and plays an essential role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

The most diversified of all fish orders and the largest vertebrate order. It includes many of the commonly known fish such as porgies, croakers, sunfishes, dolphin fish, mackerels, TUNA, etc.

An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.

The scattering of NEUTRONS by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. It is useful in CRYSTALLOGRAPHY and POWDER DIFFRACTION.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An inhibitory Smad protein that negatively regulates the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS from BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. Smad6 inhibits PHOSPHORYLATION of SMAD2 PROTEIN and SMAD3 PROTEIN.

An order of fish including the families Gadidae (cods), Macrouridae (grenadiers), and hakes. The large Gadidae family includes cod, haddock, whiting, and pollock.

An order of parasitic, blood-sucking, wingless INSECTS with the common name of fleas.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

A fibrillar collagen consisting of three identical alpha1(III) chains that is widely distributed in many tissues containing COLLAGEN TYPE I. It is particularly abundant in BLOOD VESSELS and may play a role in tissues with elastic characteristics.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and is essential for PHYSIOLOGICAL ANGIOGENESIS.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Determination of the solution structure of the N-domain plus linker of Antarctic eel pout antifreeze protein RD3. (1/19)

RD3, a new antifreeze protein (AFP) extracted from antarctic eel pout is a single polypeptide divided into homologous N-terminal (residues Asn(1)-Glu(64)) and C-terminal (residues Ser(74)-Glu(134)) domains, each of which has a high sequence identity with Type III AFP. A 9-residue linker (-D(65)GTTSPGLK(73)-) connects these two domains in tandem and is thought to play a significant role in defining the nature of the intact molecule. The present paper shows for the first time the solution structure and preliminary (15)N-NMR backbone dynamics data of the N-domain plus the linker of recombinant RD3 protein (RD3-Nl: residues 1-73) by employing homo- and heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy. Forty converged structures of RD3-Nl were successfully calculated by using a total of 958 NMR-derived structural restraints. It was found that the N-domain of RD3-Nl has a globular form comprising six beta-strands, three type III turns, and several loops, which stabilize a flat, ice-binding site formed on one side of this domain. Further, the linker portion appears to have a definitive structure, which is independent of the globular N-domain. This definitive linker is roughly divided into two short strands, -D(65)GTTSP(70)- and -G(71)LK(73)-, which are bent around -T(67)TSPG(71)- at an angle of approximately 60 degrees. This bending motif of the linker may function to orient the two ice-binding sites of the N- and C-domains of RD3 in the same direction, leading to their simultaneous interactions with the ice crystal surface. (+info)

NMR analysis of type III antifreeze protein intramolecular dimer. Structural basis for enhanced activity. (2/19)

The structure of a new antifreeze protein (AFP) variant, RD3, from antarctic eel pout (Rhigophila dearborni) with enhanced activity has been determined for the first time by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RD3 comprises a unique translational topology of two homologous type III AFP globular domains, each containing one flat, ice binding plane. The ice binding plane of the N domain is located approximately 3.5 A "behind" that of the C domain. The two ice binding planes are located laterally with an angle of 32 +/- 12 degrees between the planes. These results suggest that the C domain plane of RD3 binds first to the ice [1010] prism plane in the <0001> direction, which induces successive ice binding of the N domain in the <0101> direction. This manner of ice binding caused by the unique structural topology of RD3 is thought to be crucial for the significant enhancement of antifreeze activity, especially at low AFP concentrations. (+info)

Contribution of hydrophobic residues to ice binding by fish type III antifreeze protein. (3/19)

Type III antifreeze protein (AFP) is a 7-kDa globular protein with a flat ice-binding face centered on Ala 16. Neighboring hydrophilic residues Gln 9, Asn 14, Thr 15, Thr 18 and Gln 44 have been implicated by site-directed mutagenesis in binding to ice. These residues have the potential to form hydrogen bonds with ice, but the tight packing of side chains on the ice-binding face limits the number and strength of possible hydrogen bond interactions. Recent work with alpha-helical AFPs has emphasized the hydrophobicity of their ice-binding sites and suggests that hydrophobic interactions are important for antifreeze activity. To investigate the contribution of hydrophobic interactions between type III AFP and ice, Leu, Ile and Val residues on the rim of the ice-binding face were changed to alanine. Mutant AFPs with single alanine substitutions, L19A, V20A, and V41A, showed a 20% loss in activity. Doubly substituted mutants, L19A/V41A and L10A/I13A, had less than 50% of the activity of the wild type. Thus, side chain substitutions that leave a cavity or undercut the contact surface are almost as deleterious to antifreeze activity as those that lengthen the side chain. These mutations emphasize the importance of maintaining a specific surface contour on the ice-binding face for docking to ice. (+info)

The refined crystal structure of an eel pout type III antifreeze protein RD1 at 0.62-A resolution reveals structural microheterogeneity of protein and solvation. (4/19)

RD1 is a 7-kDa globular protein from the Antarctic eel pout Lycodichthys dearborni. It belongs to type III of the four types of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) found in marine fishes living at subzero temperatures. For type III AFP, a potential ice-binding flat surface has been identified and is imbedded with side chains capable of making hydrogen bonds with a specific lattice plane on ice. So far, all crystallographic studies on type III AFPs were carried out using the Atlantic ocean pout Macrozoarces americanus as the source organism. Here we present the crystal structure of a type III AFP from a different zoarcid fish, and at an ultra-high resolution of 0.62 A. The protein fold of RD1 comprises a compact globular domain with two internal tandem motifs arranged about a pseudo-dyad symmetry. Each motif of the "pretzel fold" includes four short beta-strands and a 3(10) helix. There is a novel internal cavity of 45 A(3) surrounded by eight conserved nonpolar residues. The model contains several residues with alternate conformations, and a number of split water molecules, probably caused by alternate interactions with the protein molecule. After extensive refinement that includes hydrogen atoms, significant residual electron densities associated with the electrons of peptides and many other bonds could be visualized. (+info)

Artificial multimers of the type III antifreeze protein. Effects on thermal hysteresis and ice crystal morphology. (5/19)

A variant of antifreeze protein (AFP) named RD3 from antarctic eel pout (Lycodichthys dearborni) comprises the type III AFP intramolecular dimer, which is known to exhibit a significant enhancement of thermal hysteresis when compared with the type III AFP monomer (Miura, K., Ohgiya, S., Hoshino, T, Nemoto, N., Suetake, T., Miura, A, Spyracopoulos, L., Kondo, H., and Tsuda, S. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 1304-1310). Here we genetically synthesized intramolecular dimer, trimer, and tetramer of the type III AFP, for which we utilize the genes encoding the primary sequences of the N-domain, the C-domain, and the 9-residue linker of RD3, and we examined the AFP multimerization effects on thermal hysteresis and ice crystal morphology. Significantly, (i) the thermal hysteresis increases in proportion with the size of the multimers, (ii) a larger size of the multimer exerts the maximum activity at lower concentration, (iii) every multimer changes the morphology of a single ice crystal into a unique shape that is similar but not identical to the ordinary hexagonal bipyramid, and (iv) the size of ice crystal becomes dramatically small with increasing the concentration of the multimer. The thermal hysteresis enhancement of the multimer was detected in both molar and domain bases. These results suggest that a molecule comprising the multiple AFP domains connected in tandem acquires an enhanced affinity for the ice binding. (+info)

Ice nucleation inhibition: mechanism of antifreeze by antifreeze protein. (6/19)

The effect of antifreeze protein type III (one type of fish antifreeze protein) on ice crystallization was examined quantitatively based on a "micro-sized ice nucleation" technique. It was found for the first time that antifreeze proteins can inhibit the ice nucleation process by adsorbing onto both the surfaces of ice nuclei and dust particles. This leads to an increase of the ice nucleation barrier and the desolvation kink kinetics barrier, respectively. Based on the latest nucleation model, the increases in the ice nucleation barrier and the kink kinetics barrier were measured. This enables us to quantitatively examine the antifreeze mechanism of antifreeze proteins for the first time. (+info)

Co-operative effect of the isoforms of type III antifreeze protein expressed in Notched-fin eelpout, Zoarces elongatus Kner. (7/19)

We found that Notched-fin eelpout, which lives off the north east coast of Japan, expresses an antifreeze protein (AFP). The liver of this fish contains DNAs that encode at least 13 type III AFP isoforms (denoted nfeAFPs). The primary sequences of the nfeAFP isoforms were categorized into SP- and QAE-sephadex binding groups, and the latter were further divided into two subgroups, QAE1 and QAE2 groups. Ice crystals observed in HPLC-pure nfeAFP fractions are bipyramidal in shape with different ratios of c and a axes, suggesting that all the isoforms are able to bind ice. We expressed five recombinant isoforms of nfeAFP and analyzed the thermal hysteresis (TH) activity of each as a function of protein concentration. We also examined the change in activity on mixing the isoforms. TH was estimated to be 0.60 degrees C for the QAE1 isoform, 0.11 degrees C for QAE2, and almost zero for the SP isoforms when the concentrations of these isoforms was standardized to 1.0 mm. Significantly, the TH activity of the SP isoforms showed concentration dependence in the presence of 0.2 mm QAE1, indicating that the less active SP isoform becomes 'active' when a small amount of QAE1 is added. In contrast, it does not become active on the addition of another SP isoform. These results suggest that the SP and QAE isoforms of type III AFP have different levels of TH activity, and they accomplish the antifreeze function in a co-operative manner. (+info)

Solution structure of the antifreeze-like domain of human sialic acid synthase. (8/19)

The structure of the C-terminal antifreeze-like (AFL) domain of human sialic acid synthase was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The structure comprises one alpha- and two single-turn 3(10)-helices and two beta-strands, and is similar to those of the type III antifreeze proteins. Evolutionary trace analyses of the type III antifreeze protein family suggested that the class-specific residues in the human and bacterial AFL domains are important for their substrate binding, while the class-specific residues of the fish antifreeze proteins are gathered on the ice-binding surface. (+info)

"Identification of the ice-binding surface on a type III antifreeze protein with a "flatness function" algorithm". Biophysical ... Thermal hysteresis or Antifreeze protein) at the PDBe-KB. (Protein articles without symbol, Protein pages needing a picture, ... Fish Antifreeze Produced in Pancreas Antifreeze Proteins: Molecule of the Month, by David Goodsell, RCSB Protein Data Bank ... Deng G, Andrews DW, Laursen RA (January 1997). "Amino acid sequence of a new type of antifreeze protein, from the longhorn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze_protein

In the case of the Antarctic zoarcid fish type III antifreeze protein gene (AFPIII; P12102) diverged from a paralogous copy of ... Deng C, Cheng CH, Ye H, He X, Chen L (December 2010). "Evolution of an antifreeze protein by neofunctionalization under escape ... The evolution of the antifreeze protein in the Antarctic zoarcid fish L. dearborni provides a prime example of ... It is much more rare to see major changes in protein function, such as subunit structure or substrate and ligand affinity, as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neofunctionalization

... red fluorescent protein. The ocean pout type III antifreeze protein transgene has been successfully micro-injected and ... The wild-type salmon takes 24 to 30 months to reach market size (4-6 kg) whereas the GM salmon require 18 months for the GM ... This permits the GM salmon to produce GH year round rather than pausing for part of the year as do wild-type Atlantic salmon. ... This has led to the suggestion that these GM fish will survive better than the wild-type when conditions are very poor. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_fish

"Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the Hrp type III protein secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ... For plants without antifreeze proteins, frost damage usually occurs between −4 and −12 °C (25 and 10 °F) as the water in plant ... Nearly 60 different type III effector families encoded by hop genes have been identified in P. syringae. Type III effectors ... Pseudomonas syringae pathogenesis is dependent on effector proteins secreted into the plant cell by the bacterial type III ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas_syringae

... series of processes intended to isolate a single type of protein from a complex mixture Protein sequencing, protein method ... Proteins are a class of biomolecules composed of amino acid chains. Antifreeze protein, class of polypeptides produced by ... unique three-dimensional shape of amino acid chains Protein targeting, mechanism by which a cell transports proteins to the ... role of protein in nutrition Soy protein, storage protein held in discrete particles called protein bodies Whey protein, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_protein-related_articles

Additionally, N. neglecta synthesizes eight antifreeze proteins to combat the freezing temperatures of the environment. ... Notothenia neglecta was first formally described in 1951 by the Swedish ichthyologist Orvar Nybelin [sv] with the type locality ... An antifreeze glycopeptide gene from the antarctic cod Notothenia coriiceps neglecta encodes a polyprotein of high peptide copy ... Members of N. neglecta have 3-7 dorsal spines, 37-40 dorsal soft rays, and 3-7 anal soft rays. Younger fish have a black patch ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notothenia_neglecta

Evans, R.E.; G.L. Fletcher (2001). "Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from Atlantic snailfish ( ... having type-1 antifreeze proteins. It is the most species-rich family of fish in the Antarctic region, generally found in ... pressure-stable proteins, increased transport protein activity, higher cell membrane fluidity, and loss of eyesight and other ... Liparis atlanticus) and dusky snailfish (Liparis gibbus)". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snailfish

... borealis produces its own antifreeze proteins. One of these is homologous to Atlantic winter flounder type I antifreeze protein ... Vegetative hyphae do not accumulate sclerotinial proteins when cultured at 5 °C (41 °F) but do at 10 and 25 °C (50 and 77 °F), ... and mycelial proteins cultured at 4 °C (39 °F) are decreased by switch to incubation at 25 °C (77 °F). These may be the/one of ... Sclerotia are 7-8 millimetres (35⁄128-5⁄16 in) long and 3-4 millimetres (15⁄128-5⁄32 in) wide when formed (i.e. before ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerotinia_borealis

They overwinter under the ice in estuaries, producing an antifreeze protein and glycerol. In the spring, they spawn at night in ... "Fishway passage success for migratory rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax is not dictated by behavioural type" (PDF). River Research ... When full grown, the rainbow smelt is between 7 and 9 inches (18 and 23 cm) long and weighs about 3 ounces (85 g). Individuals ... 47 (3): 813-832. doi:10.2307/2410186. JSTOR 2410186. PMID 28567890. Fuller P. and E. Maynard (2011) Osmerus mordax. USGS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow_smelt

The fish is known to produce antifreeze proteins. Microbiologist David Pearce of the University of Northumbria in Newcastle, UK ... Besides dissolving in the water, oxygen and other gases are trapped in a type of structure called a clathrate. In clathrate ... The main concern is that the lake could become contaminated with the antifreeze that the Russians used to keep the bore hole ... Howell, Elizabeth (7 March 2013). "New Type of Bacteria Reportedly Found in Buried Antarctic Lake". LiveScience. Retrieved 8 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Vostok

2007). "A novel, intracellular antifreeze protein in an antarctic bacterium, Flavobacterium xanthum". Cryo Letters. 28 (1): 39- ... LPSN Type strain of Flavobacterium xanthum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e (Articles with short ... 50 (3): 1055-1063. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-3-1055. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 10843045. Kawahara H, Iwanaka Y, Higa S, et al. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavobacterium_xanthum

Graham, L. A; Liou, Y. C.; Walker, V. K.; Davies, P. L. (August 1997). "Hyperactive antifreeze protein from beetles". Nature. ... The nervous system in beetles contains all the types found in insects, varying between different species, from three thoracic ... The hemolymph of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor contains several antifreeze proteins. The Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides ... but this is prevented through the production of antifreeze proteins that stop water molecules from grouping together. The low ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetle

Some proteins, such as the antifreeze protein of Hypogastrura harveyi consist of bundles of glycine-rich polyglycine II helices ... A polyproline helix is a type of protein secondary structure which occurs in proteins comprising repeating proline residues. A ... with three residues per turn (360°/120° = 3). The rise per residue is approximately 3.1 Å. This structure is somewhat similar ... "X-ray Structure of Snow Flea Antifreeze Protein Determined by Racemic Crystallization of Synthetic Protein Enantiomers". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyproline_helix

Conversely, some organisms have special techniques to prevent crystallization from occurring, such as antifreeze proteins. An ... Another common type of crystallographic defect is an impurity, meaning that the "wrong" type of atom is present in a crystal. ... The unit cells are stacked in three-dimensional space to form the crystal. The symmetry of a crystal is constrained by the ... Hoar frost: A type of ice crystal (picture taken from a distance of about 5 cm). Gallium, a metal that easily forms large ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

... canadensis increases the antifreeze proteins in its hind-gut and primary urine at this time. Its antifreeze molecules are ... Multiple types of antifreeze in simultaneous use complement each other and enhance the process. These have been used in studies ... Nickell, Philip K.; Sass, Sandra; Verleye, Dawn; Blumenthal, Edward M.; Duman, John G. (2013). "Antifreeze proteins in the ... Wang, Lei; Duman, John G. (August 1, 2005). "Antifreeze proteins of the beetle Dendroides canadensis enhance one another's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendroides_canadensis

Moss has internal antifreeze, which allows it to grow at temperatures a few degrees below freezing. Young mosses take a ... Unlike most other plants, it cannot store energy for use later (except for in a storage protein used to repair cell walls). ... The acrocarps (cushion mosses) and pleurocarps (carpet mosses) represent major morphological types within the clade of "true ... 3). Spain, David (14 March 2019). "How-To Grow Moss". Moss and Stone Gardens. Archived from the original on 2019-03-14. Section ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss_lawn

The fish has antifreeze proteins in its blood, giving it the ability to survive in near-freezing waters. The ocean pout was ... formally described in 1801 by the German naturalists Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with its type ... The promoter for the antifreeze protein gene is used in conjunction with a growth hormone gene from Chinook salmon, which leads ... Incorporating these ice-structuring proteins means that a lower cream content, and thus a lower calorie content, ice cream can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_pout

Tardigrades are able to withstand such cold temperatures not by avoiding freezing using antifreeze proteins as a freeze ... Box, Elgene O. (1996). "Plant Functional Types and Climate at the Global Scale". Journal of Vegetation Science. 7 (3): 309-320 ... Non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in the brown fat, which contains the uncoupling protein thermogenin. This protein decreases ... In particular, the proteins of a warm-adapted species may be inherently more eurythermal than a cold-adapted species, with warm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurytherm

"These include two proteins from fish, the ocean pout and the winter flounder, and three very active proteins from insects, the ... Antifreeze proteins are a perfect example of convergent evolution. Different small proteins with a flat surface which is rich ... Anoles on a given island evolve into multiple body types and ecological preferences, and the same set of body types appears in ... others will surely be described (but see the results based on DNA data). The antifreeze protein of fish in the arctic and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_examples_of_convergent_evolution

The suborder contains many species with antifreeze proteins in their blood and tissue, allowing them to live in water that is ... They are highly adapted, and can be divided into three main types; crustose lichens, forming thin crusts on the surface, ... Antifreeze proteins are also known from Southern Ocean snailfish and eelpouts. There are two icefish species from the genus ... These two similar types of gigantism are believed to be related to the cold water, which can contain high levels of oxygen, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Antarctica

... some use natural antifreeze or antifreeze proteins to resist ice crystal formation in their tissues. Most sharks are "cold- ... Sequential hermaphrodites have both types of tissue in their gonads, with one type being predominant while the fish belongs to ... Amphibians have a three-chambered heart. Jaws allow fish to eat a wide variety of food, including plants and other organisms. ... In this type of gut, the intestine itself is relatively straight, but has a long fold running along the inner surface in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_physiology

Insects prepare to overwinter through a variety of mechanisms, such as using anti-freeze proteins or cryoprotectants in freeze- ... Other types of insect hibernacula include self-spun silk hibernacula, such as those made and used by spruce budworms as they ... Honek, A.; Martinková, Z.; Pekár, S. (2007). "Aggregation characteristics of three species of Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) at ... Therefore, it is still not known to what extent various types of prospective hibernacula for frogs might be suitable in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernaculum_(zoology)

They also stabilize proteins and membranes, binding to them by means of hydrogen bonds. Heat shock proteins also help the ... The female secretes a jelly on the eggs that acts as a blanket of antifreeze, stops them from dehydrating, and acts as a food ... its fraction is much higher due to the extreme reduction in some types of non-coding DNA. Intron size has been reduced, while ... 209 (3): 399-406. doi:10.1242/jeb.02001. PMID 16424090. Robert Michaud, M.; Benoit, J. B.; Lopez-Martinez, G.; Elnitsky, M. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgica_antarctica

First, the proteins adsorbed on the surface are more stable over a wide range of conditions. The proteins also adopt a more ... The type of silane used can further compound the problem, as in the case of APTES. APTES is the classical molecule used for the ... Since APTES contains three ethoxy groups per molecule, it can polymerize in the presence of water, leading to lateral ... Younes-Metzler; Ben; Giorgi (2011). "The adsorption of antifreeze glycoprotein fraction 8 on dry and wet mica". Colloids and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silanization_of_silicon_and_mica

Other proteins that contain beta helices include the antifreeze proteins from the beetle Tenebrio molitor (right-handed) and ... The beta helix is a type of solenoid protein domain. The structure is stabilized by inter-strand hydrogen bonds, protein- ... protein repeat structure formed by the association of parallel beta strands in a helical pattern with either two or three faces ... Leinala EK, Davies PL, Jia Z (May 2002). "Crystal structure of beta-helical antifreeze protein points to a general ice binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_helix

Membrane proteins consist of three main types: integral proteins, peripheral proteins, and lipid-anchored proteins. As shown in ... Acting as antifreeze, cholesterol maintains the fluidity of the membrane. Cholesterol is more abundant in cold-weather animals ... There are 2 types of ER, smooth and rough. The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it used for protein synthesis, while the ... integral proteins are amphipathic transmembrane proteins. Examples of integral proteins include ion channels, proton pumps, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

This type of force causes the optic nerve to absorb excess energy at the time of impact. The most common site of injury of the ... In less than three percent of patients, an orbital hemorrhage after an injection behind the eye (retrobulbar block) can cause ... Ethylene glycol, a component of automobile antifreeze, is a poison that is toxic to the whole body including the optic nerve. ... Undernourished patients often have many vitamin and nutrient deficiencies and have low serum protein levels. However, the optic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuropathy

... production of antifreeze proteins and dehydrins increases. As temperatures rise, production of heat shock proteins increases. ... When this type of disturbance occurs in natural systems, the only solution is to ensure that there is an adequate stock of ... Wind has three very different effects on plants. It affects the exchanges of mass (water evaporation, CO2) and of energy (heat ... In both types of temperature-related stress, it is important to remain well-hydrated. Hydration reduces cardiovascular strain, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecophysiology

Being a subantarctic species, the black cod has special adaptations such as antifreeze proteins in its blood, as well as ... was first formally described in 1875 by the English-born New Zealand scientist Frederick Wollaston Hutton with the type ... 19 (3): 339-363. doi:10.1080/00288330.1985.9516100. Zulema L. Coppes Petricorena; George N. Somero (2006). "Biochemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notothenia_microlepidota

X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG is used to fuse two different types ... Branched PEGs have three to ten PEG chains emanating from a central core group. Star PEGs have 10 to 100 PEG chains emanating ... 133-141 Anti-Freeze is Not a Green Wood Stabilizer - Buzz Saw, The Rockler Blog. Rockler.com (2 May 2006). Retrieved on 30 ... The three names are chemically synonymous, but historically PEG is preferred in the biomedical field, whereas PEO is more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol

These species have evolved freeze tolerance mechanism such as antifreeze proteins. Hibernation induction trigger (HIT) is ... A study by G. Edgar Folk, Jill M. Hunt and Mary A. Folk compared EKG of typical hibernators to three different bear species ... A good example of the differences between these two types of hibernation can be seen in prairie dogs. The white-tailed prairie ... Epaulette sharks have been documented to be able to survive for three hours without oxygen and at temperatures of up to 26 °C ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernation

... an uncertain mechanism and likely stabilizes it by providing a recrystallization inhibitor similar to antifreeze proteins. ... Hair ice, also known as ice wool or frost beard, is a type of ice that forms on dead wood and takes the shape of fine, silky ... Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 62(3), S. 117-123 (2009), ISSN 0028-1050 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hair ice. Hair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_ice

... some use natural antifreeze or antifreeze proteins to resist ice crystal formation in their tissues. Amphibians and reptiles ... The most heat-resistant insects are three genera of desert ants recorded from three different parts of the world. The ants have ... "Relevance of individual characteristics for human heat stress response is dependent on exercise intensity and climate type". ... Crevel, R.W.R; Fedyk, J.K; Spurgeon, M.J (July 2002). "Antifreeze proteins: characteristics, occurrence and human exposure". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation

The most common applications are in the making of pottery, glass, and some types of food, but there are many others, such as ... which can be used to image objects such as proteins or virus particles. Ordinary soda-lime glass, used in windows and drinking ... the vitrification of an antifreeze-like liquid in cryopreservation. In a different sense of the word, the embedding of material ... Stoneware may be vitrified or semi-vitrified; the latter type would not be impermeable without glaze. When sucrose is cooled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitrification

This method is the most traditional and ancient type of preserving-ancient methods such as pickling and adding honey prevent ... It serves the important function of controlling the bacteria that cause botulism, but sodium nitrite can react with proteins, ... Field, Simon Quellen (2008). Why There's Antifreeze in Your Toothpaste: The Chemistry of Household Ingredients. Chicago: ... 54 (3): 557-563. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.02.014. PMID 20197074. S2CID 41078790.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservative

The encoded protein frataxin is directed to the mitochondrial inner membrane and is involved in the assembly of iron-sulphur ... The three most common neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities seen in mitochondrial disorders are bilateral optic neuropathy, ... resulting in this type of neuropathy. A thorough history is essential and should cover family history, diet; drug/toxin ... present in anti-freeze and hydraulic brake fluid) Metabolic disorders may also cause this version of disease. Systemic problems ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_optic_neuropathies

Several types of thermal cleaning systems use pyrolysis: Molten Salt Baths belong to the oldest thermal cleaning systems; ... Heat-sensitive substances, such as vitamin C and proteins, may partially change or decompose already at this stage. At about ... The pyrogenic products were classified into three phases. The first phase was biochar, a solid residue produced by the reactor ... The resulting ethylene is used to make antifreeze (ethylene glycol), PVC (via vinyl chloride), and many other polymers, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysis

The suborder contains many species with antifreeze proteins in their blood and tissue, allowing them to live in water that is ... It can, however, be narrowed down to three individuals. According to various sources, three men all sighted the ice shelf or ... This is actually a type of coastal upwelling. Since there are no continents in a band of open latitudes between South America ... Antifreeze proteins are also known from Southern Ocean snailfish. The crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae), also known as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Ocean

... s protect themselves from frost and dehydration stress with antifreeze proteins, heat-shock proteins and sugars (sucrose ... About three hundred plant species do not photosynthesize but are parasites on other species of photosynthetic plants. ... Many of the Earth's biomes are named for the type of vegetation because plants are the dominant organisms in those biomes, such ... Goyal, K.; Walton, L.J.; Tunnacliffe, A. (2005). "LEA proteins prevent protein aggregation due to water stress". Biochemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant

The three pairs of legs are sturdy, with large coxae and five claws each. They are attached to each of the three thoracic ... Oothecae, a type of egg mass, are produced asexually. The parthenogenetic process by which eggs are produced in P. americana is ... One of the proteins that trigger allergic reactions is tropomyosin, which can cause cross-reactive allergy to dust mites and ... Some species are capable of surviving temperatures of −122 °C (−188 °F) by manufacturing an antifreeze made out of glycerol. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockroach

The three most common flavorants are peppermint, spearmint, and wintergreen. Toothpaste flavored with peppermint-anise oil is ... In the 9th century, Iraqi musician and fashion designer Ziryab invented a type of toothpaste, which he popularized throughout ... Simon Quellen Field "Why There's Antifreeze in Your Toothpaste: The Chemistry of Household Ingredients" 2008, Chicago Review ... with high affinity for proteins, thereby increasing epithelial permeability. In a double-blind cross-over study, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothpaste

It is a type I hypersensitivity to a substance that is inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Up to 10 percent of dogs are ... Canine herpesvirus is an infectious disease that is a common cause of death in puppies less than three weeks old. Pseudorabies ... It is considered to be a chronic form of protein-losing enteropathy. Breeds commonly affected include the Soft-Coated Wheaten ... Acute kidney injury can be caused by loss of blood supply, hypercalcemia, or toxins such as ethylene glycol (antifreeze) or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dog_diseases

Duman, J (2002). "The inhibition of ice nucleators by insect antifreeze proteins is enhanced by glycerol and citrate". Journal ... The response to the change in calcium elevation depends on the cell type and stress history. Shoot tissue will respond more ... The process can be divided into three steps. First the plant perceives low temperature, then converts the signal to activate or ... Antifreeze protein Cryobiology Cryopreservation Overwintering Hibernation Thorsen, Stig Morten; Höglind, Mats (2010-12-15). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_hardening

... strain L77 will serve as a source for antifreeze proteins, functional enzymes and other bioactive molecules ... ISBN 978-4-431-53897-4. {{cite book}}: ,last1= has generic name (help) Type strain of Arthrobacter agilis at BacDive - the ... The genome comprises 3316 protein coding genes and 74 RNA genes, 725 hypothetical proteins, 25 pseudo-genes and 1404 unique ... The candidate genes coding for hydrolytic enzymes and cold shock proteins were identified in the genome. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrobacter_agilis

Aquaporins, membrane proteins involved in the channeling of water, have also been shown to play a key role in E. solidaginis' ... Though E. solidaginis has been reported to form galls on seven different species of goldenrod, only three appear to be common ... Cocquillet, Daniel W. (1910). "The type species of the North American genera of Diptera" (PDF). Proceedings of the United ... and its tolerance of freezing temperatures has inspired studies into the anti-freeze properties of its biochemistry. Eurosta ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldenrod_gall_fly

... and ASTRAL compendium for protein structure and sequence analysis ... Compound: protein (antifreeze protein type III). Species: ... Class: antifreeze protein. Keywords: antifreeze, antifreeze protein, thermal hysteresis protein, ice binding protein. Deposited ... Description: nmr structure of intramolecular dimer antifreeze protein rd3, 40 sa structures. ... Experiment type: NMR. Resolution: N/A. R-factor: N/A. AEROSPACI score: 0.02 (click here for full SPACI score report) Chains and ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1c8a&ver=2.01

Effects of three different types of antifreeze proteins on mouse ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation.. Lee J; ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=29504113&mod=related&page=1&outid=&proj=

Fish Antifreeze Proteins, Type III Fish Type III AFP Type III Antifreeze Proteins Type III Fish Antifreeze Proteins Registry ... Fish Antifreeze Proteins, Type III Narrower Concept UI. M0355987. Registry Number. 0. Terms. Fish Antifreeze Proteins, Type III ... Antifreeze Proteins [D12.776.053] * Antifreeze Proteins, Type I [D12.776.053.100] * Antifreeze Proteins, Type II [D12.776. ... Antifreeze Proteins, Type III Preferred Concept UI. M0352481. Registry Number. 0. Scope Note. A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D021343

https://meshb-prev.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D021343

Fish Antifreeze Proteins, Type III. Fish Type III AFP. Type III Antifreeze Proteins. Type III Fish Antifreeze Proteins. ... Antifreeze Proteins, Type III Entry term(s). Type III Antifreeze Proteins Fish Antifreeze Proteins, Type III - Narrower Concept ... Antifreeze Proteins, Type III - Preferred Concept UI. M0352481. Scope note. A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are globular ... Fish Antifreeze Proteins, Type III Entry term(s). Fish Type III AFP Type III Fish Antifreeze Proteins ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=35337

Type I N0000169422 Antifreeze Proteins, Type II N0000169423 Antifreeze Proteins, Type III N0000169421 Antifreeze Proteins, Type ... Myosin Type I N0000169441 Myosin Type II N0000169436 Myosin Type III N0000169437 Myosin Type IV N0000169440 Myosin Type V ... Type I N0000168667 Collagen Type II N0000168664 Collagen Type III N0000168677 Collagen Type IV N0000168674 Collagen Type IX ... Type I N0000169716 Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type II N0000169719 Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type ...

https://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/FDA/ndfrt/Archive/StructuralClass%202012-06-04.txt

Microinjection of the antifreeze protein type III (AFPIII) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) embryos: Toxicity and protein ... Read more about Microinjection of the antifreeze protein type III (AFPIII) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) embryos: Toxicity ... Read more about Dietary protein complexity modulates growth, protein utilisation and the expression of protein digestion- ... Read more about Improving Sperm Cryopreservation with Antifreeze Proteins: Effect on Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Plasma ...

https://ccmar.ualg.pt/en/group/aquaculture-research-group?page=1

91. Title: Water structure and dynamics in the hydration layer of a type III anti-freeze protein Author(s): Brotzakis, Z. ... Title: Observation of Vibrational Energy Exchange in a Type-III Antifreeze Protein. Author(s): Lotze, S.; Olijve, L. L. C.; ... 129. Title: Antifreeze proteins volume 2: Chapter 5 Interactions of antifreeze proteins with water. Author(s): Ilja K. Voets & ... Title: Solution structure of hyperactive type I antifreeze protein. Author(s): Olijve, Luuk L. C.; Sun, Tianjun; Narayanan, ...

https://www.voetslab.nl/publications/

Antifreeze Proteins, Type I. *Antifreeze Proteins, Type II. *Antifreeze Proteins, Type III ... "Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" was a ... Antifreeze Proteins, Type II. *Type II Antifreeze Proteins. Fish Antifreeze Proteins, Type II*Fish Antifreeze Proteins, Type II ... "Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Antifreeze%20Proteins,%20Type%20II

HN - 2001 MH - Antifreeze Proteins, Type III UI - D021343 MN - D12.776.53.350 MS - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are ... use ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS (NM) 1980-2000 BX - Antifreeze Glycoproteins MH - Antifreeze Proteins, Type I UI - D021322 MN - D12.776 ... HN - 2001 MH - Antifreeze Proteins, Type II UI - D021341 MN - D12.776.53.200 MS - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that have a ... HN - 2001 MH - Antifreeze Proteins, Type IV UI - D021302 MN - D12.776.53.500 MS - A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that ...

https://nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mesh/.newterms/mshnew2001.txt

ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS, TYPE III. PROTEINAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO III. PROTEÍNAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO IV. ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS, TYPE ... ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS, TYPE I. PROTEINAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO I. PROTEÍNAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO II. ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS, TYPE II ... ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS. PROTEINAS ANTICONGELANTES. PROTEÍNAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO I. ... UNPUBLISHED WORKS [PUBLICATION TYPE]. OBRAS NO PUBLICADAS [TIPO DE PUBLICACION]. OCLUSÃO COM BALÃO. BALLOON OCCLUSION. OCLUSION ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/news2001pie.htm

Water structure and dynamics in the hydration layer of a type III anti-freeze protein. ... dynamics of hydration water around the ocean pout AFP III anti-freeze protein. We find evidence for an increasing tetrahedral ... Cyclic peptides (CPs) that self-assemble in nanotubes can be candidates for use as antifreeze proteins. Based on the cyclic ... and might lead to an improved design of self-assembling antifreeze proteins. ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/bolivia/?lang=es&q=au:Brotzakis,+Z+Faidon

In wild type E. coli flagella movement is controlled by proteins of the chemotaxis pathway, so called Che proteins. In our ... This switch turns on only when three of four types of information are transmitted, regardless of the order of transmission, and ... We begin by proposing a biosynthetic construction that enables Escherichia coli to produce an antifreeze protein, AFP at less ... These crystal proteins are toxic to certain types of mosquitoes and are not pathogenic to mammals. We designed a temperature- ...

https://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Jamboree/Project_Abstract/Team_Abstracts&action=edit

Isothermal Calorimetry Study of the Interactions of Type I Antifreeze Proteins with a Lipid Model Membrane. Protein and Peptide ... Hagit Kun and Y. Mastai Activity of Short Segments of Type I Antifreeze Protein. USA provisional patent 2009. ... Kun, H.; Mastai, Y., Activity of short segments of type I antifreeze protein. Biopolymers 2007, 88 (6), 807-814. ... Kun, H.; Byk, G.; Mastai, Y., Effects of Antifreeze Protein Fragments on the Properties of Model Membranes. In Peptides for ...

https://www.mastai-lab.com/copy-of-our-newest-publication

There are very few quantitative assays to measure the activity of antifreeze proteins (AFPs, or Ice Structuring Proteins, ISPs ... Differences were attributed to activity of the proteins at the ice interface. Proteinaceous activity of ISPs or AFP type I was ... Cryopreservation of winter-dormant apple: III bud water status and survival after cooling to -30 C and during recovery from ... Keywords: ice structuring proteins (ISPs) activity, antifreeze proteins (AFP) Activity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC ...

http://www.cryoletters.org/Abstracts/vol_33_2_2012.htm

contain anti-freeze proteins or fill the cytoplasm with carbohydrates which. prevent the growth of large crystals. The genes ... Currently the human eye uses three slightly different types of rhodopsin for. colour vision. Other varieties are known among ... repressor protein or the binding of a promoter protein close to them. These. genetic switches are sometimes controlled using ... imagine injecting a gene protected by a viral protein coat, with linked. proteins which seek out the hooks and cause the ...

https://preterhuman.net/forum/index.php?topic=117.0

Three hours stuck in traffic in large cities will become a 10 to 20 minute jaunt in a Jetpack. In addition to the time savings ... For each type of flu, there is single virus announced as the cause. E.g., Swine Flu; H1N1 virus. Drug companies develop ... AnheuserBusch responded saying their US-grown longgrained rice "may have micro levels" of a genetically engineered protein ... Propylene Glycol (an ingredient found in anti-freeze). •. Calcium Disodium EDTA (made from formaldehyde, sodium cayanide, and ...

https://issuu.com/danno84/docs/the_new_agora_november_2013_web?e=2705021/5847147

All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli ... Antifreeze proteins. Chaperonins. Analine. Question 2 of 15. Loading... 3. Ozone occurs in the:. ...

https://testadvisor.in/testin/gk-organisms-environment-test-online/

Ey cannot enter cryogenic stasis any more easily than nebs and do not have the anti-freeze blood proteins of Superiors. Nor can ... The desk has only three things upon it; a small stack of papers with a long list of random problems and questions typed on them ... Within three years of this discovery Janasa had set up a School for Epiphany Studies (SES) and today about five percent of the ... However during the last three months the egg-sack thins and the baby can observe the world it will be born into.. Most Highbrow ...

https://orionsarm.com/forum/showthread.php?tid=3722&page=3

Antifreeze Proteins Antifreeze Proteins, Type I Antifreeze Proteins, Type II Antifreeze Proteins, Type III Antifreeze Proteins ... Collagen Type I Collagen Type II Collagen Type III Collagen Type IV Collagen Type IX Collagen Type V Collagen Type VI Collagen ... ADAMTS Proteins ADAMTS1 Protein ADAMTS13 Protein ADAMTS4 Protein ADAMTS5 Protein ADAMTS7 Protein ADAMTS9 Protein Adansonia ... Type VII Collagen Type VIII Collagen Type X Collagen Type XI Collagen Type XII Collagen Type XIII Collagen Type XVIII ...

https://nlmpubs.nlm.nih.gov/projects/mesh/.newterms/mshd2017.txt

Youve heard about these proteins, antifreeze proteins?. ZIERLER: Yeah.. BROOKS: And the way they do it is they block the ... So I was only in the group for not even three and a half years-about three and a half years. It was a very quick PhD. But only ... I dont really want to pigeonhole myself into one type of department. I mean, I can-I had a lot of fun with the mathematician. ... we wanted to do protein simulations-protein simulations and modeling, and basically any kind of energetic modeling of proteins ...

https://history.nih.gov/display/history/Brooks%2C+Bernard+2020

cold and ABA inducible protein kin1, possibly functions as an anti-freeze protein. Transcript level of this gene is induced by ... Type. Sequence. Score. Genome position. Gene model. Strand. Position. Not Available Not Available Not Available Not Available ... suggesting an inhibition of the protein by increased transcript level. ... cold, ABA, dehydration and osmoticum (mannitol). However, protein activity of GUS fused to the promoter of this gene is ...

https://ppdb.agr.gifu-u.ac.jp/ppdb/cgi-bin/display.cgi?organism=At&gene=AT5G15960&pos=5215742&rev=&all=

New antifreeze protein gives cold shoulder to its natural counterpart; Venture philanthropists fill a gap in funding early ... How PCBs may threaten killer whale populations for 30-60 years; An advance toward new treatments for type 2 diabetes; Using ... Protein-enriched milk may reduce need for antibiotics in animal feed; Crude oil contains less toxic mercury than coal; Concerns ... Episode 38 - December 3, 2007. Converting pollution from coal mines into clean energy; An unusual plastic that biodegrades much ...

https://www.acs.org/pressroom/podcasts/elements/science-elements-archive-2007.html

When you think of corn you might first think of sweet corn on the cob, in the can or from the freezer but another type of corn ... From the Proteins: Pharmaceuticals, fish feed, noodles, sausage casings, infant formula, cosmetics, plywood, particle board, ... From the Fats: Make-up, fireworks, medicines, floor wax, shaving cream, tires, antifreeze, dish soap, and ceramics. ... 3 Corn is also frequently found in products and items that you use in your day-to-day life, and you may not even realize it! ...

https://www.fbfs.com/learning-center/ag-week-2022-celebrating-farmers-and-ranchers

Evans, R.E.; G.L. Fletcher (2001). "Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from Atlantic snailfish ( ... Based on phylogenetic analysis, this ancestral feature has been lost three separate times in Snailfish. [13] ... having type-1 antifreeze proteins. [17] It is the most species-rich family of fish in the Antarctic region, generally found in ... pressure-stable proteins, increased transport protein activity, higher cell membrane fluidity, and loss of eyesight and other ...

https://webot.org/info/en/?search=Snailfish

Then, we tested the hypothesis if the variation on primary metabolites (pigments, proteins and carbohydrates) are related to ... Then, we tested the hypothesis if the variation on primary metabolites (pigments, proteins and carbohydrates) are related to ... and cystocarpic specimens presented higher concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides and floridean starch. However, primary ... and cystocarpic specimens presented higher concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides and floridean starch. However, primary ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1151332/full

10 TYPE CONFERENCE PAGES 93-102 MONTH NIL JOURNAL SSSPR14 ANCHOR 216600 YEAR 2014 BIBSOURCE http://www.visionbib.com/ ... "Structural Investigation of Supercooled Water Confined in Antifreeze Proteins: Models Performance Evaluation between Coarse ... "Protein Fold Recognition using a Structural Hidden Markov Model", BOOKTITLE = ICPR06, YEAR = "2006", PAGES = "III: 186-189", ... "Protein Interaction Inference as a MAX-SAT Problem", BOOKTITLE = "BioInfo05", YEAR = "2005", PAGES = "III: 146-146", BIBSOURCE ...

https://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/bib/2166.html

Most types of leavening infections are remarkably tender, but they are easy handled buy anastrozole 1mg breast cancer 1 in. It ... A conserved or degenerated Asp crate motif was base in 383 proteins relationship to groups I, II, IV, V and VI, from which the ... Angle III mug up of valspodar (PSC 833) combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin compared with paclitaxel and carboplatin ... Industrialized Antifreeze buy generic clindamycin 150 mg on-line amical 48 antimicrobial. It includes the clonal growth of OVA- ...

http://www.wgc2010.sk/index.php/en/messageboard/1194

Required for the transcriptional activation of the flounder liver-type antifreeze protein gene. Exhibits strong binding ... specificity to the enhancer element B of the flounder antifreeze protein gene intron. Binds to the insulin II gene RIPE3B ... Mutations in this gene lead to spinal muscle atrophy with respiratory distress type 1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] ... May be involved in translation (By similarity). DNA-binding protein specific to 5-phosphorylated single-stranded guanine-rich ...

https://pharos.nih.gov/targets/IGHMBP2

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are globular, 6.5 kDa in size and contain compact beta-sheet structures. (bvsalud.org)
A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that have a cystine-rich globular structure of approximately 14 kD. (harvard.edu)

These structures are from aligned pairs of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant influenza proteins bound to different types of antiviral drugs. (digitalworldbiology.com)
You can use these to compare hemoglobin with and without oxygen and the hemoglobin structures found in two types of sickle cell anemia (Hemoglobin S, and Hemoglobin C). (digitalworldbiology.com)
These structures show human proteins where missense mutations are associated with disease. (digitalworldbiology.com)
Investigate structures of DNA and determine if other molecules (protein or other chemicals) are bound in the major groove of the DNA or the minor groove. (digitalworldbiology.com)
X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have provided structures for all major classes of RNA-binding proteins, both alone and complexed with RNA. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Numerous RNA-binding proteins have modular structures, comprising one or several copies of a selective RNA-binding domain generally coupled to an auxiliary domain that binds RNA non-specifically. (embl-heidelberg.de)

[3] Snailfish species can be found in depths ranging from shallow surface waters to greater than 8,330 meters, and species of the Liparid family have been found in seven ocean trenches . (webot.org)
Several studies reported that gametophytes and tetrasporophytes of Gigartinaceae produce different carrageenan types, as observed in Sarcopeltis species although they have isomorphic haploid and diploid phases. (frontiersin.org)
Antifreeze proteins are found in a variety of species that tolerate cold temperatures. (digitalworldbiology.com)

Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that proteins related to lipid metabolism, such as apolipoproteins, play an important role in the maintenance of normal vision. (bvsalud.org)
The gelatinous layer has a high water and low protein, lipid and carbohydrate content, therefore it can provide growth with low metabolic cost. (webot.org)

A discussion follows in which peptide epitopes, extracellular matrix proteins, serine proteases, extracellular matrix, and cellular adhesion AA identity sites on AFP are considered. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Both proteins and drugs bind to specific sequences in DNA by recognizing the three dimensional shapes. (digitalworldbiology.com)
The AFP molecule is also viewed as a carrier/transport protein based on AA sequence comparison of various proteins that bind hydrophobic ligands and heavy metals similar to AFP binding of such components. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
The tight regulation of [H+] at this low concentration is crucial for normal cellular activities because H+ at higher concentrations can bind strongly to negatively charged proteins, including enzymes, and impair their function. (medscape.com)

Then, we tested the hypothesis if the variation on primary metabolites (pigments, proteins and carbohydrates) are related to the life history phases of Sarcopeltis antarctica and Sarcopeltis skottsbergii , and/or are influenced by abiotic factors. (frontiersin.org)
This collection contains the four major types of biochemicals: carbohydrates, fatty acids, nucleic acids, and proteins. (digitalworldbiology.com)

Further, their genome includes increased amounts of genes encoding enzymes for beta oxidation and transport proteins, thereby increasing membrane fluidity. (webot.org)

A comparative analysis of FRGY2 and nucleolin C-terminal domains has revealed common structural features representing the signature of a particular type of auxiliary domain, which has co-evolved with the CSD and the RRM. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The past few years have witnessed remarkable progress in knowledge of the structure and function of RNA-binding proteins and their RNA complexes. (embl-heidelberg.de)

However, protein activity of GUS fused to the promoter of this gene is inhibited by cold treatment, suggesting an inhibition of the protein by increased transcript level. (gifu-u.ac.jp)
Transcription factor Rho is a ring-shaped, homohexameric protein that causes transcript termination through actions on nascent RNAs that are coupled to ATP hydrolysis. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Plasma contains substances including blood cells and certain proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition, a variety of substances such as fuel, water, antifreeze, dust, and various combustion products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and metallic oxides accumulate in the oil. (cdc.gov)

The atlas further shows AFP as a protein consisting of multiple peptide-cassettes consisting of amino acid (AA) sequence stretches matched to peptide segments on prohormones and biological response modifier proteins. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Emphasis is further placed upon homeodomain and apoptosis AA sequence identities given that AFP serves as a fetal, phase-specific protein throughout embryogenesis, histogenesis, and organogenesis. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Additionally, perhaps due to lack of light in the deep sea, the Yap genome includes fewer copies of crystallin genes, which encode proteins that sense light and assist in focused vision, in comparison to other teleosts. (webot.org)

When you think of corn you might first think of sweet corn on the cob, in the can or from the freezer but another type of corn is "field corn. (fbfs.com)
3 Corn is also frequently found in products and items that you use in your day-to-day life, and you may not even realize it! (fbfs.com)
These bio-based antifreezes are manufactured from materials such as corn, stover, and other oil bearing resources. (marketsandmarkets.com)

These triggers can include grains such as wheat or animal derivatives, therefore a high protein diet without grain and wheat is can be more suitable. (encorepetfood.com)
To test a current model for the interaction of Rho with RNA, three derivatives of Rho were made containing single cysteine residues and modified with a photo-activable cross-linker. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The genomes of both the Yap hadal Snailfish and Mariana hadal Snailfish have been found to contain an abundance of the fmo3 gene, which produces the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) protein stabilizer. (webot.org)

Ethanol works by dissolving lipids and denaturing proteins. (ftsamples.com)
Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol) is very similar in chemical formula C 2 H 6 O compared to IPA (C 3 H 8 O). However, protonation of the alcohol converts the poor leaving group -OH into a good leaving group (H2O). (ftsamples.com)
Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, consists of two carbon atoms and has the formula CH 3 CH 2 OH. (ftsamples.com)

Antifreeze base fluids are toxic in nature. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Chromium(III) is an essential nutrient that can be toxic in large doses. (cdc.gov)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Growing vehicles in operation and increased miles travelled per year is estimated to drive the demand for antifreeze in aftermarket segment. (marketsandmarkets.com)

Increasing vehicle production, especially SUV & light truck segment and recent growing trend in trucks & buses segment in countries such as India are the key reasons driving the demand for OE market for antifreeze. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Thus, the sales and production of passenger cars is increasing and leading to increased demand for engine coolant and antifreeze. (marketsandmarkets.com)
The North American region leads the antifreeze market for the automotive industry, owing to the higher production and demand for large engine capacity vehicles in this region such as extended cabs. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Additionally, the automotive industry of North America is one of the most advanced across the globe with substantial investments in R&D activities, infrastructure, and new production facilities driving the overall automotive antifreeze market. (marketsandmarkets.com)

This all-too-common type of heart attack blocks a major artery and deprives heart muscle of oxygen. (fightaging.org)

Here, we compare water transport kinetics in monolayers and suspensions over a range of temperatures for two different cell types, MIN6 cells and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (BPAEC). (cryoletters.org)
Stock your vehicle with supplies such as protein bars and water in case you are either stuck or caught in a storm that makes it unsafe to continue. (roquetinsurance.com)

All types of organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, maintenance, and some degree of response to stimuli. (testadvisor.in)
AFP AA sequences are further presented as peptide identification sites for growth factors, receptors, cytoskeletal proteins, and chemokines. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

These factors have contributed to the higher market size of automotive antifreeze in this region. (marketsandmarkets.com)

Primary metabolites of S. antarctica varied according to the life-history phases: non-fertile specimens presented higher phycobiliprotein concentrations, tetrasporophytes presented higher chlorophyll a concentrations, and cystocarpic specimens presented higher concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides and floridean starch. (frontiersin.org)
Also, glycols used for antifreeze are manufactured from crude oil filtration, which may lead to a higher demand for fossil fuels such as crude oil and can have a negative impact on the environment. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Also, LCVs in North America have a higher antifreeze requirement, as compared to other regions. (marketsandmarkets.com)

The models also predicted that co-operative binding of the mRNA binding protein to its mRNA stem loop was essential for generating switch-like behaviour. (igem.org)
Much of the early energy and enthusiasm passed instead to research into cellular reprogramming, such as that involved in the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells that can be used to generate any type of cells on demand. (fightaging.org)

Can a high protein cat diet cause kidney problems? (encorepetfood.com)
Pets that have kidney problems are more likely to be eating a diet based on cereal protein, which is poor in digestible protein. (encorepetfood.com)
These include excess salt intake , kidney disease , heart disease , and some types of poisoning . (medlineplus.gov)

Molecular docking simulations results show that the contact surface area and binding energy of proteins to CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs are smaller than the CDS-PMo12@PVP0 NPs. (bvsalud.org)

The multiple molecular variant forms of AFP are discussed in relation to published reports of AFP binding proteins and cell surface receptors. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

Using cell cytometry (FACS) and fluorimetry, we demonstrated in yeast the successful expression and translational regulation of a fusion of mRNA binding protein and fluorescent protein. (igem.org)

Our model of the CSD(FRG)-RNA complex constitutes the first prediction of the three-dimensional structure of a CSD-RNA complex and is consistent with the hypothesis of a convergent evolution of CSD and RRM towards a related single-stranded RNA-binding surface. (embl-heidelberg.de)

In comparison with other types of cheese, such as blue cheese or cheddar, Gruyère is quite a healthy choice. (eatdelights.com)

While several members of the apolipoprotein family are abundant in human aqueous humor (AH), their study remains difficult due to the AH's small volume, low protein concentration, and the invasive nature of sample collection. (bvsalud.org)

Manufacturers are venturing into this market with products such as the Susterra brand of DuPont Tate & Lyle Bio Products (U.S.), which is produced using a bio-based glycol named 1, 3-Propanediol (PDO). (marketsandmarkets.com)

In addition, 76 differentially adsorption proteins are identified between CDS-PMo12@PVP0 and CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs, in which apolipoprotein is up-regulated in CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs. (bvsalud.org)

The number of plasma protein groups adsorption on CDS-PMo12@PVP1 NPs, compared to CDS-PMo12@PVP0 NPs, decreases from 372 to 271. (bvsalud.org)

Relationships between cold hardiness, and ice nucleating activity, glycerol and protein contents in the hemolymph of caterpillars, Aporia crataegi L. (cryoletters.org)

Circular dichroism spectroscopy studies have revealed that these RNA-binding domains are capable of orchestrating similar types of RNA conformational change. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The curing process of Gruyère cheese can be anywhere from three to 10 months. (eatdelights.com)
A young Gruyère that has a curing process of about three months has a nutty taste. (eatdelights.com)
I recently got scionwood that now is being stored in the refrigerator at 33 F. This wood will be stored for the next 3-4 months, and I am worried that they will sprout in the fridge. (growingfruit.org)

A closing discussion summarizes the multiple and varied motifs of peptide sequences matched to AAs on each of AFP's three domains. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

The device features 3 operating time options and 3 modes. (stoppestinfo.com)

Significant to this was a ran- domized status II swot of trabectedin in 270 patients with advanced L-sarcomas (liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma) with 32 cases of uLMS, evaluating two opposite treatment sched- ules 3]. (wgc2010.sk)

cold and ABA inducible protein kin1, possibly functions as an anti-freeze protein. (gifu-u.ac.jp)
RNA-binding strategies common to cold-shock domain- and RNA recognition motif-containing proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
We have built and compared homology-based models of the cold-shock domain (CSD) of the Xenopus protein, FRGY2, and of the third RNA recognition motif (RRM) of the ubiquitous nucleolar protein, nucleolin. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Organisms14

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes12

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care4

Geographicals1

Determination of the solution structure of the N-domain plus linker of Antarctic eel pout antifreeze protein RD3. (1/19)

NMR analysis of type III antifreeze protein intramolecular dimer. Structural basis for enhanced activity. (2/19)

Contribution of hydrophobic residues to ice binding by fish type III antifreeze protein. (3/19)

The refined crystal structure of an eel pout type III antifreeze protein RD1 at 0.62-A resolution reveals structural microheterogeneity of protein and solvation. (4/19)

Artificial multimers of the type III antifreeze protein. Effects on thermal hysteresis and ice crystal morphology. (5/19)

Ice nucleation inhibition: mechanism of antifreeze by antifreeze protein. (6/19)

Co-operative effect of the isoforms of type III antifreeze protein expressed in Notched-fin eelpout, Zoarces elongatus Kner. (7/19)

Solution structure of the antifreeze-like domain of human sialic acid synthase. (8/19)

Antifreeze Proteins

Antifreeze Proteins, Type I

Antifreeze Proteins, Type III

Ice

Flounder

Freezing

Antifreeze Proteins, Type IV

Antifreeze Proteins, Type II

Tenebrio

Fishes

Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular

Osmeriformes

Fish Proteins

Marinomonas

Eels

Antarctic Regions

Glycoproteins

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II

Flatfishes

Salmoniformes

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Secale cereale

Beetles

Cold Climate

Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I

Daucus carota

Retinol-Binding Proteins

Snow

Models, Molecular

Crystallization

Protein Conformation

Smad1 Protein

Protein Structure, Secondary

Perciformes

Cold Temperature

Neutron Diffraction

Base Sequence

Smad6 Protein

Gadiformes

Siphonaptera

Circular Dichroism

Acclimatization

Collagen Type III

Smad5 Protein

Insect Proteins

Solutions

Determination of the solution structure of the N-domain plus linker of Antarctic eel pout antifreeze protein RD3. (1/19)

NMR analysis of type III antifreeze protein intramolecular dimer. Structural basis for enhanced activity. (2/19)

Contribution of hydrophobic residues to ice binding by fish type III antifreeze protein. (3/19)

The refined crystal structure of an eel pout type III antifreeze protein RD1 at 0.62-A resolution reveals structural microheterogeneity of protein and solvation. (4/19)

Artificial multimers of the type III antifreeze protein. Effects on thermal hysteresis and ice crystal morphology. (5/19)

Ice nucleation inhibition: mechanism of antifreeze by antifreeze protein. (6/19)

Co-operative effect of the isoforms of type III antifreeze protein expressed in Notched-fin eelpout, Zoarces elongatus Kner. (7/19)

Solution structure of the antifreeze-like domain of human sialic acid synthase. (8/19)

Antifreeze protein

Neofunctionalization

Genetically modified fish

Pseudomonas syringae

Index of protein-related articles

Notothenia neglecta

Snailfish

Sclerotinia borealis

Rainbow smelt

Lake Vostok

Flavobacterium xanthum

Beetle

Polyproline helix

Crystal

Dendroides canadensis

Moss lawn

Ocean pout

Eurytherm

List of examples of convergent evolution

Wildlife of Antarctica

Fish physiology

Hibernaculum (zoology)

Belgica antarctica

Silanization of silicon and mica