Antifreeze proteins type i. Medical search

Proteins that bind to ice and modify the growth of ice crystals. They perform a cryoprotective role in a variety of organisms.

A subclass of retinol-binding proteins that take part in the intracellular storage and transport of RETINOL. They are both functionally and structurally distinct from PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEINS.

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are 3-5 kDa in size and contain a single alanine-rich amphipathic alpha-helix.

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that are globular, 6.5 kDa in size and contain compact beta-sheet structures.

The solid substance formed by the FREEZING of water.

Proteins which bind with RETINOL. The retinol-binding protein found in plasma has an alpha-1 mobility on electrophoresis and a molecular weight of about 21 kDa. The retinol-protein complex (MW=80-90 kDa) circulates in plasma in the form of a protein-protein complex with prealbumin. The retinol-binding protein found in tissue has a molecular weight of 14 kDa and carries retinol as a non-covalently-bound ligand.

Common name for two families of FLATFISHES belonging to the order Pleuronectiformes: left-eye flounders (Bothidae) and right-eye flounders (Pleuronectidae). The latter is more commonly used in research.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that contain four amphipathic alpha-helices folded into an antiparallel helix bundle.

A subclass of ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS that have a cystine-rich globular structure of approximately 14 kD.

A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.

A genus of beetles which infests grain products. Its larva is called mealworm.

Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.

An order of fish including smelts, galaxiids, and salamanderfish.

Proteins obtained from species of fish (FISHES).

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria in the family OCEANOSPIRILLACEAE. Members of this genus have the ability to synthesize MELANIN pigments.

The continent lying around the South Pole and the southern waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It includes the Falkland Islands Dependencies. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p55)

Common name for an order (Anguilliformes) of voracious, elongate, snakelike teleost fishes.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with low affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They are constitutively active PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that can interact with and phosphorylate TYPE I BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS.

Common name for the order Pleuronectiformes. A very distinctive group in that during development they become asymmetrical, i.e., one eye migrates to lie adjacent to the other. They swim on the eyeless side. FLOUNDER, sole, and turbot, along with several others, are included in this order.

An order of fish comprising salmons, trouts, whitefish, graylings, and other families. They are both marine and freshwater fish, found in all oceans and are quite numerous in the Northern Hemisphere. (From Nelson: Fishes of the World)

A hardy grain crop, rye, grown in northern climates. It is the most frequent host to ergot (CLAVICEPS), the toxic fungus. Its hybrid with TRITICUM is TRITICALE, another grain.

INSECTS of the order Coleoptera, containing over 350,000 species in 150 families. They possess hard bodies and their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A climate characterized by COLD TEMPERATURE for a majority of the time during the year.

An abundant lysosomal-associated membrane protein that has been found to shuttle between LYSOSOMES; ENDOSOMES; and the PLASMA MEMBRANE. Loss of expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 is associated with GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASE TYPE IIB.

A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.

Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and plays an essential role in EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.

The most diversified of all fish orders and the largest vertebrate order. It includes many of the commonly known fish such as porgies, croakers, sunfishes, dolphin fish, mackerels, TUNA, etc.

The scattering of NEUTRONS by matter, especially crystals, with accompanying variation in intensity due to interference effects. It is useful in CRYSTALLOGRAPHY and POWDER DIFFRACTION.

An inhibitory Smad protein that negatively regulates the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS from BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. Smad6 inhibits PHOSPHORYLATION of SMAD2 PROTEIN and SMAD3 PROTEIN.

An order of fish including the families Gadidae (cods), Macrouridae (grenadiers), and hakes. The large Gadidae family includes cod, haddock, whiting, and pollock.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An order of parasitic, blood-sucking, wingless INSECTS with the common name of fleas.

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS. It regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling and is essential for PHYSIOLOGICAL ANGIOGENESIS.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from Atlantic snailfish (Liparis atlanticus) and dusky snailfish (Liparis gibbus). (1/16)

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) were isolated from the blood plasma of Atlantic snailfish Liparis atlanticus and dusky snailfish Liparis gibbus, which belong to the Teleost family Cyclopteridae, a close relative of sculpins. Using a combination of gel filtration chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC, proteins were purified to individual peaks. Atlantic snailfish plasma contained two different proteins (MW=9344, 9415) while dusky snailfish plasma contained five protein isoforms (MW=9514-9814), as determined by mass spectrometry. Further characterization revealed that these proteins are rich in alanine (>50 mol%), and have alpha-helical secondary structure that can undergo reversible thermal denaturation. Thermal hysteresis activities of these proteins were similar to each other but lower than the major type I AFPs from winter flounder. Results of this study have indicated that although the AFPs from snailfish are significantly larger than previously described type I AFPs, they share enough characteristics to be classified in this group. (+info)

Structure of type I antifreeze protein and mutants in supercooled water. (2/16)

Many organisms are able to survive subzero temperatures at which bodily fluids would normally be expected to freeze. These organisms have adapted to these lower temperatures by synthesizing antifreeze proteins (AFPs), capable of binding to ice, which make further growth of ice energetically unfavorable. To date, the structures of five AFPs have been determined, and they show considerable sequence and structural diversity. The type I AFP reveals a single 37-residue alpha-helical structure. We have studied the behavior of wild-type type I AFP and two "inactive" mutants (Ala17Leu and Thr13Ser/Thr24Ser) in normal and supercooled solutions of H(2)O and deuterium oxide (D(2)O) to see if the structure at temperatures below the equilibrium freezing point is different from the structure observed at above freezing temperatures. Analysis of 1D (1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectra illustrate that all three proteins remain folded as the temperature is lowered and even seem to become more alpha-helical as evidenced by (13)C(alpha)-NMR chemical shift changes. Furthermore, (13)C-T(2) NMR relaxation measurements demonstrate that the rotational correlation times of all three proteins behave in a predictable manner under all temperatures and conditions studied. These data have important implications for the structure of the AFP bound to ice as well as the mechanisms for ice-binding and protein oligomerization. (+info)

A mechanism for stabilization of membranes at low temperatures by an antifreeze protein. (3/16)

Polar fish, cold hardy plants, and overwintering insects produce antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which lower the freezing point of solutions noncolligatively and inhibit ice crystal growth. Fish AFPs have been shown to stabilize membranes and cells in vitro during hypothermic storage, probably by interacting with the plasma membrane, but the mechanism of this stabilization has not been clear. We show here that during chilling to nonfreezing temperatures the alpha-helical AFP type I from polar fish inhibits leakage across model membranes containing an unsaturated chloroplast galactolipid. The mechanism involves binding of the AFP to the bilayer, which increases the phase transition temperature of the membranes and alters the molecular packing of the acyl chains. We suggest that this change in acyl chain packing results in the reduced membrane permeability. The data suggest a hydrophobic interaction between the peptide and the bilayer. Further, we suggest that the expression of AFP type I in transgenic plants may be significant for thermal adaptation of chilling-sensitive plants. (+info)

Solution structure of a hydrophobic analogue of the winter flounder antifreeze protein. (4/16)

The solution structure of a synthetic mutant type I antifreeze protein (AFP I) was determined in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The mutations comprised the replacement of the four Thr residues by Val and the introduction of two additional Lys-Glu salt bridges. The antifreeze activity of this mutant peptide, VVVV2KE, has been previously shown to be similar to that of the wild type protein, HPLC6 (defined here as TTTT). The solution structure reveals an alphahelix bent in the same direction as the more bent conformer of the published crystal structure of TTTT, while the side chain chi1 rotamers of VVVV2KE are similar to those of the straighter conformer in the crystal of TTTT. The Val side chains of VVVV2KE assume the same orientations as the Thr side chains of TTTT, confirming the conservative nature of this mutation. The combined data suggest that AFP I undergoes an equilibrium between straight and bent helices in solution, combined with independent equilibria between different side chain rotamers for some of the amino acid residues. The present study presents the first complete sequence-specific resonance assignments and the first complete solution structure determination by NMR of any AFP I protein. (+info)

Freezing of a fish antifreeze protein results in amyloid fibril formation. (5/16)

Amyloid is associated with a number of diseases including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, and the spongiform encephalopathies. Amyloid fibrils have been formed in vitro from both disease and nondisease related proteins, but the latter requires extremes of pH, heat, or the presence of a chaotropic agent. We show, using fluorescence spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, that the alpha-helical type I antifreeze protein from the winter flounder forms amyloid fibrils at pH 4 and 7 upon freezing and thawing. Our results demonstrate that the freezing of some proteins may accelerate the formation of amyloid fibrils. (+info)

The effect of hydrophobic analogues of the type I winter flounder antifreeze protein on lipid bilayers. (6/16)

The effect of four synthetic analogues of the 37-residue winter flounder type I antifreeze protein (AFP), which contain four Val, Ala or Ile residues in place of Thr residues at positions 2, 13, 24 and 37 and two additional salt bridges, on the binary lipid system prepared from a 1:1 mixture of the highly unsaturated DGDG and saturated DMPC has been determined using FTIR spectroscopy. In contrast to the natural protein, which increases the thermotropic phase transition, the Thr, Val and Ala analogues decreased the thermotropic phase transitions of the liposomes by 2.2 degrees Celsius, 3.4 degrees Celsius and 2.4 degrees Celsius, while the Ile analogue had no effect on the transition. Experiments performed using perdeuterated DMPC showed that the Ala and Thr peptides interacted preferentially with the DGDG in the lipid mixture, while the Val peptide showed no preference for either lipid. The results are consistent with interactions involving the hydrophobic face of type I AFPs and model bilayers, i.e. the same face of the protein that is responsible for antifreeze properties. The different effects correlate with the helicity of the peptides and suggest that the solution conformation of the peptides has a significant role in determining the effects of the peptides on thermotropic membrane phase transitions. (+info)

Hyperactive antifreeze protein from winter flounder is a very long rod-like dimer of alpha-helices. (7/16)

The winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) produces short, monomeric alpha-helical antifreeze proteins (type I AFP), which adsorb to and inhibit the growth of ice crystals. These proteins alone are not sufficiently active to protect this fish against freezing at -1.9 degrees C, the freezing point of seawater. We have recently isolated a hyperactive antifreeze protein from the plasma of the flounder with activity 10-100-fold higher than type I AFP. It is comparable in activity to the AFPs produced by insects, and is capable of conferring freeze resistance to the flounder. This novel AFP has a molecular mass of 16,683 Da and a remarkable amino acid composition that is >60% alanine. CD spectra indicate that the protein is almost entirely alpha-helical at 4 degrees C but partially denatures at 20 degrees C, resulting in a species with a moderately reduced helix content that is stable at up to 50 degrees C. This transformation correlates with irreversible loss of activity. Analytical ultracentrifugation (sedimentation velocity and equilibrium) indicates that the predominant species in solution is dimeric (molecular weight, 32,275). Size-exclusion chromatography reveals a 2-fold higher apparent molecular weight suggesting that this molecule has an unusually large Stokes radius. The axial ratio of the dimer calculated from the sedimentation velocity data is 18:1, confirming that this protein has an extraordinarily long, rod-like structure, consistent with a novel dimeric alpha-helical arrangement. The structural model that best fits these data is one in which the approximately 195 amino acids of each monomer form one approximately 290-A long alpha-helix and associate via a unique dimerization motif that is distinct from that of the leucine zipper and any other coiled-coil. (+info)

Type I antifreeze proteins expressed in snailfish skin are identical to their plasma counterparts. (8/16)

Type I antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are usually small, Ala-rich alpha-helical polypeptides found in right-eyed flounders and certain species of sculpin. These proteins are divided into two distinct subclasses, liver type and skin type, which are encoded by separate gene families. Blood plasma from Atlantic (Liparis atlanticus) and dusky (Liparis gibbus) snailfish contain type I AFPs that are significantly larger than all previously described type I AFPs. In this study, full-length cDNA clones that encode snailfish type I AFPs expressed in skin tissues were generated using a combination of library screening and PCR-based methods. The skin clones, which lack both signal and pro-sequences, produce proteins that are identical to circulating plasma AFPs. Although all fish examined consistently express antifreeze mRNA in skin tissue, there is extreme individual variation in liver expression - an unusual phenomenon that has never been reported previously. Furthermore, genomic Southern blot analysis revealed that snailfish AFPs are products of multigene families that consist of up to 10 gene copies per genome. The 113-residue snailfish AFPs do not contain any obvious amino acid repeats or continuous hydrophobic face which typify the structure of most other type I AFPs. These structural differences might have implications for their ice-crystal binding properties. These results are the first to demonstrate a dual liver/skin role of identical type I AFP expression which may represent an evolutionary intermediate prior to divergence into distinct gene families. (+info)

In the case of the Antarctic zoarcid fish type III antifreeze protein gene (AFPIII; P12102) diverged from a paralogous copy of ... 1157-1164, 2005 Deng, C.; Cheng, C.- H. C.; Ye, H.; He, X.; Chen, L. (29 November 2010). "Evolution of an antifreeze protein by ... The evolution of the antifreeze protein in the Antarctic zoarcid fish L. dearborni provides a prime example of ... It is much more rare to see major changes in protein function, such as subunit structure or substrate and ligand affinity, as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neofunctionalization

It is a type V antifreeze protein with a molecular weight of 12.8 kDa; this type of AFP is noted for its hyperactivity. R. ... "Theoretical study of interaction of winter flounder antifreeze protein with ice". Protein Sci. 13 (6): 1524-37. doi:10.1110/ps. ... Whereas most insect antifreeze proteins contain cysteines at least every sixth residue, as well as varying numbers of 12- or 13 ... Duman JG (2001). "Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 63: 327-57. doi:10.1146 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RiAFP

Evans, R.E.; G.L. Fletcher (2001). "Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from Atlantic snailfish ( ... having type-1 antifreeze proteins. It is the most species-rich family of fish in the Antarctic region, where generally found in ... pressure-stable proteins, increased transport protein activity, higher cell membrane fluidity, and loss of eyesight and other ... Liparis atlanticus) and dusky snailfish (Liparis gibbus)". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snailfish

... red fluorescent protein. The ocean pout type III antifreeze protein transgene has been successfully micro-injected and ... The wild-type salmon takes 24 to 30 months to reach market size (4-6 kg) whereas the GM salmon require 18 months for the GM ... This permits the GM salmon to produce GH year round rather than pausing for part of the year as do wild-type Atlantic salmon. ... This has led to the suggestion that these GM fish will survive better than the wild-type when conditions are very poor. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_fish

Conversely, some organisms have special techniques to prevent crystallization from occurring, such as antifreeze proteins. An ... Another common type of crystallographic defect is an impurity, meaning that the "wrong" type of atom is present in a crystal. ... Hoar frost: A type of ice crystal (picture taken from a distance of about 5 cm). Gallium, a metal that easily forms large ... The types and structures of these defects may have a profound effect on the properties of the materials. A few examples of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal

2007). "A novel, intracellular antifreeze protein in an antarctic bacterium, Flavobacterium xanthum". Cryo Letters. 28 (1): 39- ... LPSN Type strain of Flavobacterium xanthum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavobacterium_xanthum

Some proteins, such as the antifreeze protein of Hypogastrura harveyi consist of bundles of glycine-rich polyglycine II helices ... A polyproline helix is a type of protein secondary structure which occurs in proteins comprising repeating proline residues. A ... "X-ray Structure of Snow Flea Antifreeze Protein Determined by Racemic Crystallization of Synthetic Protein Enantiomers". ... Davies, Peter L.; Graham, Laurie A. (2005-10-21). "Glycine-Rich Antifreeze Proteins from Snow Fleas". Science. 310 (5747): 461 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyproline_helix

Pout also have antifreeze proteins in their blood, which allow the GM salmon to survive near-freezing waters and continue their ... The wild-type salmon takes 24 to 30 months to reach market size (4-6 kg) whereas the producers of the GM salmon say it requires ... There is also potential to use the silk producing machinery to make other valuable proteins. Proteins expressed by silkworms ... Human proteins expressed in mammals are more likely to be similar to their natural counterparts than those expressed in plants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_animal

Antifreeze proteins are also synthesized to keep psychrophiles' internal space liquid, and to protect their DNA when ... Compared to longer saturated fatty acids, incorporating this type of fatty acid allows for the lipid cell membrane to have a ... coli when provided with the entire protein complex from same species. However, the RecBC proteins (RecBCPs and RecBCEc) of the ... By doing so, the protein prevents any ice formation or recrystallization process from occurring. The enzymes of these organisms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychrophile

Unlike antifreeze proteins, xylomannan is not a protein. Instead, it is a combination of a sugar (saccharide) and a fatty acid ... Human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2. Walters KR Jr; Serianni AS; Sformo T; Barnes BM; Duman JG (2009). "A nonprotein ... "New Antifreeze Molecule Isolated In Alaska Beetle - Science News - redOrbit". Damonte E, Neyts J, Pujol CA, et al. (June 1994 ... Ishiwata A, Sakurai A, Nishimiya Y, Tsuda S, Ito Y (Dec 7, 2011). "Synthetic study and structural analysis of the antifreeze ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylomannan

... proteins bind to small ice crystals to inhibit growth and recrystallization of ice that would otherwise be fatal. ... and as a marker of type to distinguish it from incompatible types. This dye fluoresces bright green when illuminated by blue or ... Antifreeze proteins refer to chemical compounds produced by certain animals, plants, and other organisms that prevent the ... Antifreeze protein Air cooling Cryoprotectant Heater core Ice melt Internal combustion engine cooling Radiator Water cooling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze

Conversely, some organisms have special techniques to prevent crystallization from occurring, such as antifreeze proteins. ... Another common type of crystallographic defect is an impurity, meaning that the "wrong" type of atom is present in a crystal. ... In general, solids can be held together by various types of chemical bonds, such as metallic bonds, ionic bonds, covalent bonds ... Despite the name, lead crystal, crystal glass, and related products are not crystals, but rather types of glass, i.e. amorphous ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/بلور?match=en

Antifreeze proteins are a perfect example of convergent evolution. Different small proteins with a flat surface which is rich ... These types of birds are not closely related. Seriemas and secretary birds very closely resemble the ancient dromaeosaurid and ... others will surely be described (but see the results based on DNA data). The antifreeze protein of fish in the arctic and ... "These include two proteins from fish, the ocean pout and the winter flounder, and three very active proteins from insects, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_examples_of_convergent_evolution

... series of processes intended to isolate a single type of protein from a complex mixture Protein sequencing, protein method ... Protein is a class of biomolecules composed of amino acid chains. Antifreeze protein, class of polypeptides produced by certain ... role of protein in nutrition Soy protein, storage protein held in discrete particles called protein bodies Whey protein, the ... group of evolutionarily related proteins Protein methods, techniques used to study proteins Protein subunit, single protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_protein

Graham, L. A; Liou, Y. C.; Walker, V. K.; Davies, P. L. (August 1997). "Hyperactive antifreeze protein from beetles". Nature. ... Some of ancient Egypt's neighbors adopted the scarab motif for seals of varying types. The best-known of these are the Judean ... The hemolymph of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor contains several antifreeze proteins. The Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides ... but this is prevented through the production of antifreeze proteins that stop water molecules from grouping together. The low ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetle

Insects prepare to overwinter through a variety of mechanisms, such as using anti-freeze proteins or cryoprotectants in freeze- ... Other types of insect hibernacula include self-spun silk hibernacula, such as those made and used by spruce budworms as they ... Therefore, it is still not known to what extent various types of prospective hibernacula for frogs might be suitable in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernaculum_(zoology)

The sponge also produces antifreeze proteins that lower the freezing point of water within its cells, preventing freezing. ... These come in various sizes but all are of the type known as styles, with one end pointed and the other end rounded. There are ... The silicaceous stiffening elements in the sponge's skeleton are called spicules, and the type and shape of these plays an ... These have potential for use as antifreeze agents in agriculture, the food industry and medicine. van Soest, Rob (2007). Van ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homaxinella_balfourensis

... an uncertain mechanism and likely stabilizes it by providing a recrystallization inhibitor similar to antifreeze proteins. ... Hair ice, also known as ice wool or frost beard, is a type of ice that forms on dead wood and takes the shape of fine, silky ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_ice

Tardigrades are able to withstand such cold temperatures not by avoiding freezing using antifreeze proteins as a freeze ... Box, Elgene O. (1996). "Plant Functional Types and Climate at the Global Scale". Journal of Vegetation Science. 7 (3): 309-320 ... Non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in the brown fat, which contains the uncoupling protein thermogenin. This protein decreases ... In particular, the proteins of a warm-adapted species may be inherently more eurythermal than a cold-adapted species, with warm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurytherm

Antifreeze proteins cloned from such fish have been used to confer frost-resistance on transgenic plants.[citation needed] ... A variety of cell types are protected by 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. Cryobiologists attempt to optimize cryoprotectant ... See insect winter ecology and antifreeze protein. Another invertebrate that is briefly tolerant to temperatures down to -273 °C ... Materials or systems studied may include proteins, cells, tissues, organs, or whole organisms. Temperatures may range from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryobiology

... s protect themselves from frost and dehydration stress with antifreeze proteins, heat-shock proteins and sugars (sucrose ... Many of the Earth's biomes are named for the type of vegetation because plants are the dominant organisms in those biomes, such ... Goyal, K.; Walton, L.J.; Tunnacliffe, A. (2005). "LEA proteins prevent protein aggregation due to water stress". Biochemical ... protein expression is induced by stresses and protects other proteins from aggregation as a result of desiccation and freezing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant

The fish is known to produce antifreeze proteins. However, microbiologist David Pearce of the University of Northumbria in ... Besides dissolving in the water, oxygen and other gases are trapped in a type of structure called a clathrate. In clathrate ... The main concern is that the lake could become contaminated with the antifreeze that the Russians used to keep the bore hole ... Howell, Elizabeth (7 March 2013). "New Type of Bacteria Reportedly Found in Buried Antarctic Lake". LiveScience. Retrieved 8 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Vostok

Membrane proteins consist of three main types: integral proteins, peripheral proteins, and lipid-anchored proteins. As shown in ... Acting as antifreeze, cholesterol maintains the fluidity of the membrane. Cholesterol is more abundant in cold-weather animals ... There are 2 types of ER, smooth and rough. The rough ER has ribosomes attached to it used for protein synthesis, while the ... integral proteins are amphipathic transmembrane proteins. Examples of integral proteins include ion channels, proton pumps, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

It is a type I hypersensitivity to a substance that is inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Up to 10 percent of dogs are ... It is considered to be a chronic form of protein-losing enteropathy. Breeds commonly affected include the Soft-Coated Wheaten ... Acute kidney injury can be caused by loss of blood supply, hypercalcemia, or toxins such as ethylene glycol (antifreeze) or ... The most important type is immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, which can be a primary disease or secondary to cancer, infection, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dog_diseases

... some use natural antifreeze or antifreeze proteins to resist ice crystal formation in their tissues. Most sharks are "cold- ... Sequential hermaphrodites have both types of tissue in their gonads, with one type being predominant while the fish belongs to ... In this type of gut, the intestine itself is relatively straight, but has a long fold running along the inner surface in a ... These type of eggs can also be very small and fragile. Egg of lamprey Egg of catshark (mermaids' purse) Egg of bullhead shark ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_physiology

The suborder contains many species with antifreeze proteins in their blood and tissue, allowing them to live in water that is ... These two similar types of gigantism are believed to be related to the cold water, which can contain high levels of oxygen, ... Antifreeze proteins are also known from Southern Ocean snailfish and eelpouts. There are two icefish species from the genus ... The dominant group of snow algae is chlamydomonas , a type of green algae. The largest marine algae are kelp species, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Antarctica

The suborder contains many species with antifreeze proteins in their blood and tissue, allowing them to live in water that is ... This is actually a type of coastal upwelling. Since there are no continents in a band of open latitudes between South America ... Antifreeze proteins are also known from Southern Ocean snailfish. The crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae), also known as ... Cheng, C.-H.C.; L. Chen; T.J. Near; Y. Jin (2003). "Functional Antifreeze Glycoprotein Genes in Temperate-Water New Zealand ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Ocean

Moss has internal antifreeze, which allows it to grow at temperatures a few degrees below freezing. Young mosses take a ... Unlike most other plants, it cannot store energy for use later (except for in a storage protein used to repair cell walls). ... The acrocarps and pleurocarps are both types of Bryopsida mosses.[citation needed] Prostrate, creeping, branching; smooth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moss_lawn

Proteins. Type. Description. Examples Integral proteins. or transmembrane proteins. Span the membrane and have a hydrophilic ... Acting as antifreeze, cholesterol maintains the fluidity of the membrane. Cholesterol is more abundant in cold-weather animals ... Membrane proteins consist of three main types: Integral proteins, peripheral proteins, and lipid-anchored proteins.[3] ... G proteins Peripheral proteins. Attached to integral membrane proteins, or associated with peripheral regions of the lipid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basolateral

The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex ... Protein disorder predictions are based on JRONN (Troshin, P. and Barton, G. J. unpublished), a Java implementation of RONN * ... The Protein Feature View requires a browser that supports SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). Mouse over tracks and labels for more ... Data in red indicates combined ranges of Homology Models from SBKB and the Protein Model Portal ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/protein/A0ZT93

Antifreeze Proteins Market report categorizes the global market by End Use (Medical, Cosmetics, and Food), Type (Type I, Type ... III, and Antifreeze Glycoproteins), Source (Fish, Plants, and Insects), and Region ... 4.2 Antifreeze Proteins Market Size, By Region 4.3 Antifreeze Proteins Market, By Type 4.4 Antifreeze Proteins Market, By End ... 7 Antifreeze Proteins Market, By Type (Page No. - 42). 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Type I 7.3 Type III 7.4 Antifreeze Glycoproteins ...

https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/antifreeze-protein-market-264931272.html

Antifreeze Proteins Market by Source (Fish, Plants, and Insects), End Use (Medical, Cosmetics, and Food), Type (Type I, Type ... What are the Known and Unknown Adjacencies Impacting the Antifreeze Proteins Market ... III, and Antifreeze Glycoproteins), Form (Liquid and Solid), and Region - Global Forecast to 2023 ...

https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/RequestBundleReport.asp?id=264931272

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protect marine teleosts from freezing in icy seawater by binding to nascent ice crystals and ... CollectionsPublished DatesAuthorsTitlesSubjectsTypesThis CollectionPublished DatesAuthorsTitlesSubjectsTypes ... This analysis is complicated by the fact that there are three different type I AFP isoforms. The first is expressed in the ... This flatfish is presumed to produce type I AFP, which is an alanine-rich, amphipathic alpha-helix. ...

https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/handle/1974/1683

... hydrophobic groups may be involved in the energetics of the protein-ice interaction. ... Refined solution structure of type III antifreeze protein: ... NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN POUT ANTIFREEZE PROTEIN TYPE III ISOFORM ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/materialsAndMethods.do?structureId=1KDF

AFP: Antifreeze protein; AFP4: type-IV antifreeze proteins; afp4: type-IV antifreeze protein gene; Cag: Carassius auratus ... There are four types of antifreeze proteins (AFPs). Type-IV antifreeze proteins (AFP4s) are present also in certain temperate ... four types of AFPs, type I-IV AFPs, have been characterized in teleost fishes [22]. The type-IV antifreeze protein (AFP4) was ... we have also identified and characterized a type-IV antifreeze protein gene (afp4) [20]. Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have been ...

http://www.ijbs.com/v10p0715.htm

Type III antifreeze protein (1 family). *Family:. 2.4.34.01. Type III antifreeze protein PF08666, PDBsum. Ice-structuring ... Type III antifreeze protein PF08666, PDBsum (6 proteins). Protein Name. PDB ID. Species. Localization. Num. Subunits. Num. TM ... Type III antifreeze protein nfeAFP11. 2lx2. Zoarces elongatus. Secreted. 1. 0. 5.3 ± 1.0. 53 ± 5. -7.0. ... Type-3 ice-structuring protein HPLC 12. 4ny6. Zoarces americanus. Secreted. 1. 0. 3.3 ± 0.8. 58 ± 9. -5.8. ...

http://opm.phar.umich.edu/families.php?family=834

Opinion: How to Define Cell Type. By Sara B. Linker, Tracy A. Bedrosian, and Fred H. Gage , November 1, 2017 ... tags: antifreeze proteins x culture x genetics & genomics x The Scientist. » antifreeze proteins, culture and genetics & ... calling into question how we define cell type in the first place.. ...

https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/categoryNo/2625/category/The-Scientist/tagNo/3379,3,9/tags/antifreeze-proteins,culture,genetics--amp--genomics/

1993) Use of proline mutants to help solve the NMR solution structure of type III antifreeze protein. Protein Sc 2(9):1411-1428 ... Antifreeze proteins at the ice/water interface: Three calculated discriminating properties for orientation of type I proteins. ... 1998) The solution structure of type II antifreeze protein reveals a new member of the lectin family. Biochemistry 37(14):4712- ... Superheating of ice crystals in antifreeze protein solutions. Yeliz Celik, Laurie A. Graham, Yee-Foong Mok, Maya Bar, Peter L. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/107/12/5423

Here, IRI efficiency and ice plane affinity were examined for the wild-type AFPI-III, a defective AFPIII isoform, and a fungal ... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), a class of proteins capable of arresting ice crystal growth, are known to inhibit this phenomenon ... Addition of antifreeze protein type I or III to extenders for ram sperm cryopreservation *Lucas Francisco L. Correia ... Effects of type III antifreeze protein on sperm and embryo cryopreservation in rabbit. Cryobiology 69(1), 22-25 (2014). ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-36546-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=5a9e75e9-c0a3-4726-8e10-3e26b1f58d09

6.5-7 kDa were characterised and found to share high similarity to the type III antifreeze proteins found in other members of ... The antifreeze activity of Z. viviparus antifreeze proteins is concentration dependent and showed a saturation effect when the ... At least 3 different antifreeze proteins were purified from Z. viviparus serum but more isoforms are most likely present. Two ... Isolation and some characterisation of antifreeze protein from the european eelpout Zoarces viviparus ...

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/cryo/cryo/2006/00000027/00000006/art00007

... proteins (AF(G)Ps) from the blood of polar fish species are extremely potent ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRI), but are ... Article type: Paper DOI: 10.1039/C4BM00153B Author version. available: Download author version (PDF) ... Antifreeze (glyco) proteins (AF(G)Ps) from the blood of polar fish species are extremely potent ice recrystallization ... Quantitative study on the antifreeze protein mimetic ice growth inhibition properties of poly(ampholytes) derived from vinyl- ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/BM/c4bm00153b

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) aid the survival of cold-adapted organisms by inhibiting the growth of ice crystals in the organism ... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) aid the survival of cold-adapted organisms by inhibiting the growth of ice crystals in the organism ... Experimental correlation between thermal hysteresis activity and the distance between antifreeze proteins on an ice surface† ... Experimental correlation between thermal hysteresis activity and the distance between antifreeze proteins on an ice surface R. ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/RA/C4RA12638F

... showed no antifreeze activity. Two endemic species captured in the same sampling program did show antifreeze activity: the ... It was hypothesized that the cold ice-shelf water, lethal to fishes without antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in their blood, ... The Southern Ocean is home to two major types of fishes: endemics in the suborder Notothenioidii and representatives of oceanic ... The Southern Ocean is home to two major types of fishes: endemics in the suborder Notothenioidii and representatives of oceanic ...

https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/197/

Deng G, Andrews DW, Laursen RA (January 1997). "Amino acid sequence of a new type of antifreeze protein, from the longhorn ... Fish Antifreeze Produced in Pancreas Antifreeze Proteins: Molecule of the Month, by David Goodsell, RCSB Protein Data Bank ... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins (ISPs) refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, ... These proteins were later called antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) or antifreeze glycopeptides to distinguish them from newly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifreeze_protein

The nonhelical structure of antifreeze protein type III. By FD Sonnichsen, BD Sykes, H Chao, PL Davies ... Phosphorylation and modulation of a kainate receptor (GluR6) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/259/5098

... drive By Type, Form, End-Use, Source and Geography. ... Antifreeze Proteins Market Research is expecting to accrue ... 1.3.1 Antifreeze Proteins Market - By Type. 1.3.2 Antifreeze Proteins Market - By Form. 1.3.3 Antifreeze Proteins Market - By ... U.A.E Antifreeze Proteins Market. 11.4.7.3.1 U.A.E Antifreeze Proteins Market by Type. 11.4.7.3.2 U.A.E Antifreeze Proteins ... Canada Antifreeze Proteins Market. 11.1.7.2.1 Canada Antifreeze Proteins Market by Type. 11.1.7.2.2 Canada Antifreeze Proteins ...

https://www.theinsightpartners.com/reports/antifreeze-proteins-market

Item Type:. Article. Related URLs:. URL. URL Type. Description. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/79/2/335. Other. ... The mature protein matches in composition one of the alanine-rich serum antifreeze proteins that was purified by ion-exchange ... Davies, Peter L. and Roach, Arthur H. and Hew, Choy-L. (1982) DNA sequence coding for an antifreeze protein precursor from ... A cDNA made to antifreeze protein mRNA of the winter flounder was cloned in the plasmid pBR322 and its sequence was determined ...

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/10474/

CollectionsPublished DatesAuthorsTitlesSubjectsTypesThis CollectionPublished DatesAuthorsTitlesSubjectsTypes ... Antifreeze Proteins: Activity Comparisons and De Novo Design of an Ice-Binding Protein. dc.contributor.author. Yu, Sally Oi Wah ... Antifreeze Proteins: Activity Comparisons and De Novo Design of an Ice-Binding Protein. en. ... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) help cold-adapted organisms survive below 0 ◦C by binding to and inhibiting the growth of ice ...

https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/jspui/handle/1974/5416?show=full

Global and Regional Antifreeze Proteins (AFP) Market Research Report 2017 is a market research report available at US $3500 for ... Type and Application, Forecast to 2023. Global Antifreeze Proteins (AFP) Market by Manufacturers, Countries, Type and ... Antifreeze proteins, also known as thermal hysteresis proteins, ice binding proteins and ice structuring proteins (ISP). ... Global Antifreeze Proteins (AFP) Market Research Report 2018. Global Antifreeze Proteins (AFP) Sales Market Report 2018. Global ...

http://www.rnrmarketresearch.com/global-and-regional-antifreeze-proteins-afp-market-research-report-2017-market-report.html

The effect of hydrophobic analogues of the type I winter flounder antifreeze protein on lipid bilayers ... The effect of hydrophobic analogues of the type I winter flounder antifreeze protein on lipid bilayers ... The effect of hydrophobic analogues of the type I winter flounder antifreeze protein on lipid bilayers. FEBS Letters, 551(1-3 ...

https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/faces/ViewItemOverviewPage.jsp?itemId=item_1816775_1

... fail as evidence formolecules-to-man evolution though they may be a new protein produced by mutation and natural selection. ... Antifreeze proteinsin general, and this example in particular, ... They proposed that a type III antifreeze protein gene evolved ... a class of proteins called antifreeze proteins (AFPs) appear to have gone against this trend. AFPs are found in a wide variety ... more akin to beneficial debris than a new complex and specified protein. Creating an antifreeze protein naturalistically is ...

https://creation.com/antifreeze-protein-evolution

Effect of glycosylation on hydration behavior at the ice-binding surface of the Ocean Pout type III antifreeze protein: a ... Effect of glycosylation on hydration behavior at the ice-binding surface of the Ocean Pout type III antifreeze protein: a ... with and without glycan to study the conformational rigidity of the Ocean pout type III antifreeze protein in aqueous medium ... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), found in certain vertebrates, plants, fungi and bacteria have the ability to permit their survival ...

https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/Effect_of_glycosylation_on_hydration_behavior_at_the_ice-binding_surface_of_the_Ocean_Pout_type_III_antifreeze_protein_a_molecular_dynamics_simulation/4496948/1

... type III antifreeze protein (AFP) can depress the freezing point of fish blood to below that of freezing seawater. This 7-kDa ... globular protein is encoded by a multigene family that produces two major isoforms, SP and QAE, which are 55% identical. ... By binding to the surface of ice crystals, type III antifreeze protein (AFP) can depress the freezing point of fish blood to ... Compound ice-binding site of an antifreeze protein revealed by mutagenesis and fluorescent tagging Biochemistry. 2010 Oct 26;49 ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20853841/

Item Type:. Conference. Authors:. Bayer-Giraldi, Maddalena ; Weikusat, Christian ; Gernot, N. ; Dieckmann, Gerhard ; Kipfstuhl ... Crystallographic investigations on ice-binding activity of an antifreeze protein from polar diatoms ... Crystallographic investigations on ice-binding activity of an antifreeze protein from polar diatoms , 12th International ...

http://epic.awi.de/23785/

Item Type:. Article. Authors:. Bayer-Giraldi, Maddalena ; Uhlig, Christiane ; John, Uwe ; Mock, Thomas ; Valentin, Klaus-Ulrich ... Bayer-Giraldi, M. , Uhlig, C. , John, U. , Mock, T. and Valentin, K. U. (2010): Antifreeze proteins in polar sea ice diatoms: ... Antifreeze proteins in polar sea ice diatoms: diversity and gene expression in the genus Fragilariopsis ...

https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/21456/

... on Shapeways. Learn more before you buy, or discover other cool products in ... input type=hidden class= name=location value=/product/2VCNULAAF/beetle-antifreeze-protein /, ,input type=hidden class ... Antifreeze Proteins (AFPs) or Ice Structuring Proteins (ISPs) refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain vertebrates ... Models Biology Chemistry Biochemsitry Enzyme Biological Models Science Cell Cellular Biology Cell Biology Antifreeze Protein ...

https://www.shapeways.com/product/2VCNULAAF/beetle-antifreeze-protein

Researchers report growing a mouse embryo using two types of early stem cells. ... tags: antifreeze proteins x developmental biology x The Scientist. » antifreeze proteins and developmental biology ...

https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/tagNo/3379,5/tags/antifreeze-proteins,developmental-biology/pageNo/3/

... and ASTRAL compendium for protein structure and sequence analysis ... Description: type III antifreeze protein isoform hplc 12 v20a. ... Class: antifreeze protein. Keywords: antifreeze protein, mutant, ice binding protein, thermal hysteresis protein. Deposited on ... Compound: protein (antifreeze protein type III). Species: Macrozoarces americanus [TaxId:8199]. Database cross-references and ... Experiment type: XRAY. Resolution: 1.65 Å. R-factor: 0.194. AEROSPACI score: 0.56 (click here for full SPACI score report) ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/pdb/code=1b7j

Protein Coding), C-Type Lectin Domain Family 4 Member C, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and ... C-type_lectin-like * CTDL_fold * CD209-like_CTLD Blocks:. * Type II antifreeze protein signature ... Protein Symbol:. Q8WTT0-CLC4C_HUMAN. Recommended name:. C-type lectin domain family 4 member C Protein Accession:. Q8WTT0. ... CLEC4C (C-Type Lectin Domain Family 4 Member C) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CLEC4C include Ovary Serous ...

http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CLEC4C

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) protect marine teleosts from freezing in icy seawater by binding to nascent ice crystals and preventing their growth. (queensu.ca)
There are four types of antifreeze proteins (AFPs). (ijbs.com)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) have been found in fungi, bacteria, plants and animals, and they can bind to ice crystals to inhibit growth and recrystallization of ice [ 21 ]. (ijbs.com)
According to their molecular structures, four types of AFPs, type I-IV AFPs, have been characterized in teleost fishes [ 22 ]. (ijbs.com)
It has been argued that for antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to stop ice crystal growth, they must irreversibly bind to the ice surface. (pnas.org)
This increase in melting temperature was more appreciable for hyperactive AFPs compared to the AFPs with moderate antifreeze activity. (pnas.org)
Knight and DeVries predicted that ice crystals in a solution containing antifreeze proteins (AFPs) would remain stable when superheated ( 11 ). (pnas.org)
AFPs are structurally diverse proteins evolved in marine and terrestrial organisms to help survival in freezing conditions ( 12 ). (pnas.org)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), a class of proteins capable of arresting ice crystal growth, are known to inhibit this phenomenon even at sub milli-molar concentrations. (nature.com)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) aid the survival of cold-adapted organisms by inhibiting the growth of ice crystals in the organism. (rsc.org)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins (ISPs) refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, fungi and bacteria that permit their survival in temperatures below the freezing point of water. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike the widely used automotive antifreeze, ethylene glycol, AFPs do not lower freezing point in proportion to concentration. (wikipedia.org)
There are many known nonhomologous types of AFPs. (wikipedia.org)
Type II AFPs (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Type II AFPs likely evolved from calcium dependent (c-type) lectins. (wikipedia.org)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) is also known as ice structuring proteins (ISPs). (theinsightpartners.com)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) help cold-adapted organisms survive below 0 ◦C by binding to and inhibiting the growth of ice crystals. (queensu.ca)
1 However, a class of proteins called antifreeze proteins (AFPs) appear to have gone against this trend. (creation.com)
2 So do these AFPs represent a neo-Darwinian mechanism producing a new protein? (creation.com)
Zoarcids are one of only two families of fish to possess a particular class of AFPs, type III. (creation.com)
The origin of type III AFPs has been particularly difficult for evolutionists to trace. (creation.com)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs), found in certain vertebrates, plants, fungi and bacteria have the ability to permit their survival in subzero environments by thermal hysteresis mechanism. (figshare.com)
Marine teleosts from polar oceans can be protected from freezing in icy sea-water by serum antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or glycoproteins (AFGPs) [ PMID: 7540906 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
and type III AFPs, found in Eel pouts, are rich in beta-structure. (ebi.ac.uk)
Although no direct structural information is available for type II AFPs, their sequences are similar to the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of Ca 2+ -dependent lectins. (ebi.ac.uk)
Fish blood, which is considerably less salty, would be expected to freeze at -0.5 °C. To avoid this, Arctic fish have evolved specialised antifreeze proteins (AFPs). (scienceinschool.org)
We (Matthew Blakeley and his scientist colleagues) decided to investigate one type of AFP found in Arctic fish blood: type-III AFPs. (scienceinschool.org)
The adsorption-inhibition hypothesis is further supported by the observation that antifreeze activity increases with increasing AFP concentration - the more AFPs adsorb onto the forming ice crystal, the more 'crowded' these proteins become, making ice crystal nucleation less favourable. (wikipedia.org)
The TxTxTxT domains are irregularly spaced within the protein and have been shown to be conserved from the TxT binding motif of other AFPs. (wikipedia.org)
Type I AFPs consist of a single, long, amphipathic alpha helix. (bionity.com)
Type II AFPs are found in sea raven, smelt and herring. (bionity.com)
Type III AFPs are found in Antarctic eelpout. (bionity.com)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are a unique class of protein characterized by their ability to depress the freezing point of water sufficient to prevent the formation of ice crystals by adsorbing to the surface of ice crystals. (unh.edu)
An effective strategy for cold resistance is the expression of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) - a class of polypeptides that allow survival in cold environments. (northgeorgia.edu)
AFPs and AFGPs (antifreeze glycoproteins) are relatively high molecular mass molecules that have the ability to stabilize membranes during chilling and control ice crystal growth during freezing of cells and tissues. (northgeorgia.edu)
One class of AFGPs and six classes of AFPs (AFP types I-V, and plant) have been identified in a wide variety of species. (northgeorgia.edu)
The majority of early studies on AFPs focused on polar fish species (AFGP and AFP types I-IV), but have more recently expanded to include other vertebrates, insects, plants, fungi, and bacteria. (northgeorgia.edu)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) enhance the survival of organisms inhabiting cold environments by affecting the formation and/or structure of ice. (paperity.org)
The bulky side chain of Leu174 in domain A sterically hinders the binding of water molecules to the protein backbone, partially explaining why antifreeze activity by domain A is inferior to that of domain B. Our data provide a molecular basis for understanding differences in antifreeze activity between the two domains of this protein and general insight on how structural differences in the ice-binding sites affect the activity of AFPs. (paperity.org)
The inhibition activities of two antifreeze proteins (AFPs) on the formation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) clathrate hydrate have been tested. (gc.ca)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) and glycoproteins (AFGPs), collectively called AF(G)Ps, constitute a diverse class of proteins found in various Arctic and Antarctic fish, as well as in amphibians, plants, and insects. (nih.gov)
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) production is a survival strategy of psychrophiles in ice. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, there is not much information regarding the interaction of Antarctic bacterial AFPs with ice, and new determinations are needed to understand the behaviour of these proteins at the water/ice interface. (biomedcentral.com)
Modelled proteins showed a triangular prism form similar to β-helix AFPs with a linear distribution of threonine residues at one side of the prism that could correspond to the putative ice binding side. (biomedcentral.com)
Modeled proteins possess a β-helix structure, and molecular docking analysis revealed the AFP gu3B could be the most efficient AFPs in order to avoid the formation of ice crystals, even when gu3A has a higher affinity for ice. (biomedcentral.com)
Antifreeze Proteins (AFPs) denote a class of polypeptides produced by certain vertebrates, fungi, plants, and bacteria which permit their survival in subzero environments. (marketreport.jp)

It was hypothesized that the cold ice-shelf water, lethal to fishes without antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGP's) in their blood, was excluding the oceanic species from most of the Antarctic continental shelf waters. (usf.edu)
Antifreeze glycoproteins or AFGPs are found in Antarctic notothenioids and northern cod. (wikipedia.org)
Based on type, the market is segmented into type i, type iii, antifreeze glycoproteins and others. (theinsightpartners.com)
Antarctic notothenioid fishes and several northern cods are phylogenetically distant (in different orders and superorders), yet produce near-identical antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) to survive in their respective freezing environments. (pnas.org)
The most striking example of evolution of the same type of antifreeze protein in unrelated fishes is the near-identical antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) in the Antarctic notothenioid fishes and several northern cods of the family Gadidae ( 8 , 9 ). (pnas.org)

Antifreeze proteins prevent water from freezing by absorbing to the ice surface and stopping the growth of minute ice crystals to large crystals in a non-colligative manner. (theinsightpartners.com)
Antifreeze proteins are naturally occurring proteins and peptides, which are found in a variety of living organisms (such as fish, plants, and insects).where they do not prevent freezing, but control the size, shape and aggregation of ice crystals. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
These proteins bind to the surface of ice crystals and prevent water molecules from binding to the ice crystals, preventing the ice crystals from growing. (creation.com)
By binding to the surface of ice crystals, type III antifreeze protein (AFP) can depress the freezing point of fish blood to below that of freezing seawater. (nih.gov)
Diffraction-quality crystals have been obtained of the integral membrane protein ferric enterobactin receptor (FepA) from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. (biomedsearch.com)
the hyperactive type attaches to the hexagonal basal faces of ice crystals to inhibit ice crystal growth and lowers the freezing temperature by up to six degrees C while the moderate type does not attach to the basal faces and lowers the freezing temperature by not more than 1 degree C. (eurekalert.org)
The study showed that fclBP attaches to both basal and prism faces of ice crystals although it is capable of lowering the freezing point by less than 1 degree C or so, defying the conventional classification of ice-binding proteins. (eurekalert.org)
Many animals that live in extremely cold climates produce proteins that act to prevent the formation of ice crystals in the bodily fluids of the organism. (edu.au)
In the same way, living organisms use proteins to direct how crystals grow into hard structures such as shells, bone or tooth enamel. (bio-medicine.org)
Deposits of different types of crystals contribute to kidney stones, gout and the arterial plaques that cause heart disease. (bio-medicine.org)
By understanding how antifreeze proteins affect ice crystals, scientists may learn more about how to treat or prevent these diseases. (bio-medicine.org)
These proteins attach to the small ice crystals that enter the circulatory system through the gills and prevent the ice crystals from growing. (amnh.org)
These proteins can also work on crystals that are ingested by the fish as they swim. (amnh.org)
Antifreeze proteins bind to the surface of ice crystals and inhibit the growth of these crystals, this inhibition causes thermal hysteresis. (mybiosource.com)
15) G. Sazaki , 'Elementary growth processes of protein crystals revealed by advanced optical microscopy', March Annual Workshop 2009 of the World Premier International Research Center-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, March 1-6, 2009. (ne.jp)
Antifreeze proteins, also known as ice structuring proteins or ice-binding proteins, bind to ice and subsequently inhibit the growth of ice crystals. (marketreport.jp)
The most striking property antifreeze proteins is their ability to prevent growth of ice crystals upon cooling and thus they produce a thermal hysteresis, i.e. a separation of the equilibrium freezing point of a solution and the temperature where an ice crystal can grow. (reportsanddata.com)

Global Antifreeze Proteins Market valued approximately USD 1.92 million in 2017 is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 31% over the forecast period 2018-2025. (marketreport.jp)
This antifreeze proteins market report forecasts revenue growth at a global, regional & country level, and provides an analysis of the market trends in each of the sub-segments from 2017 to 2027. (reportsanddata.com)

Type I AFP is found in winter flounder, longhorn sculpin and shorthorn sculpin. (wikipedia.org)
The protein was isolated from the blood plasma of winter flounder. (wikipedia.org)
A cDNA made to antifreeze protein mRNA of the winter flounder was cloned in the plasmid pBR322 and its sequence was determined by the method of Maxam and Gilbert. (caltech.edu)

Unilever (Netherlands), Kaneka Corp. (Japan), Sirona Biochem (Canada), Aqua Bounty Technologies (US), and ProtoKinetix (US) are the leading players in the global antifreeze proteins market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
The "Global Antifreeze Proteins Market Analysis to 2027" is a specialized and in-depth study of the food and beverage industry with a special focus on the global market trend analysis. (theinsightpartners.com)
The global antifreeze proteins market is expected to witness high growth during the forecast period. (theinsightpartners.com)
The global antifreeze proteins market is segmented on the basis of type, form, end use, and source. (theinsightpartners.com)
It provides overview and forecast of the global antifreeze proteins market based on various segments. (theinsightpartners.com)
In this report, the global Antifreeze Proteins (AFP) market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022. (reportsnreports.com)
Global Antifreeze Proteins Market provides different sections and sub-sections based on separation by type, application, key players, and end-user, segments, developments, topographical areas of this market. (bbstate.com)
Global Antifreeze Proteins Market gives a comprehensive overview, the key features that are required to improve the growth of the market in the coming future. (bbstate.com)
The report presents a forward-looking prospect on the global antifreeze proteins market past data, status, and expected forecast, product, revenue, consumption. (bbstate.com)
It helps to recognize rising trends, drivers, growth influencing factors in global antifreeze proteins market and regions. (bbstate.com)
Global Antifreeze Proteins Market to reach USD 16.65 million by 2025. (marketreport.jp)
Global Antifreeze Proteins Market is segmented based on Type, Source, Formulation, and End-Use. (marketreport.jp)

Professor Laursen went on to determine the primary structures of numerous proteins and peptides - including the first ribosomal protein, human plasminogen, mussel adhesive protein and ginger root proteases. (bu.edu)

R&D in TU/e University (Netherlands) for extraction of antifreeze proteins from polar fish such as Antarctic fish, snow scorpionflies, and other cold climate fishes has revealed significant differences in the types of protein extracted. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Many organisms in extremely cold environments such as the Antarctic Pole have evolved antifreeze molecules to prevent ice formation. (ijbs.com)
Researchers have recently posited a detailed evolutionary scenario for the evolution of an antifreeze protein from such a gene duplication event in a species of Antarctic eelpout (ray-finned fish), Lycodichthys dearborni . (creation.com)
Antarctic fish produce a range of such proteins, as the water temperatures can drop below 0 degrees Celsius. (edu.au)
Different Antarctic places were screened for antifreeze activity and microorganisms were selected for the presence of thermal hysteresis in their crude extracts. (biomedcentral.com)

Antifreeze proteins refer to a class of polypeptides formed by certain bacteria, fungi, plants, etc. that permit their survival in subzero environments. (theinsightpartners.com)

Two antifreeze proteins with molecular weights of approx. (ingentaconnect.com)
Here, four long explicit molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out at two different temperatures (277 and 298 K) with and without glycan to study the conformational rigidity of the Ocean pout type III antifreeze protein in aqueous medium and the structural arrangements of water molecules hydrating its ice-binding surface. (figshare.com)
We need to understand the molecular mechanisms behind their antifreeze properties. (eurekalert.org)
HR-MAS NMR proved to be a viable tool for the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of ionic liquid - protein interactions. (unh.edu)

The report analyzes factors affecting antifreeze proteins market from both demand and supply side and further evaluates market dynamics effecting the market during the forecast period i.e., drivers, restraints, opportunities, and future trend. (theinsightpartners.com)

Surprisingly, phyletically related fishes do not necessarily possess the same type of antifreeze protein ( 5 , 6 ) or vice versa for unrelated fishes ( 7 ). (pnas.org)

Multiple forms of antifreeze proteins are synthesized within each organism. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Metallothioneins and most forms of antifreeze proteins from insects are known to contain unusually high amounts cysteine. (bibsys.no)

It has been suggested that lateral gene transfer could be attributed to this discrepancy, such that the smelt acquired the type II AFP gene from the herring. (wikipedia.org)
However, postulating that gene duplication and subsequent mutation can result in new functional proteins is not enough. (creation.com)
They proposed that a type III antifreeze protein gene evolved from a duplicated copy of the sialic acid synthase ( SAS ) gene called LdSAS-B (Ld stands for Lycodichthys dearborni) . (creation.com)
4 , 5 This achieved two fortuitous things that transformed the putative SAS gene into an AFP gene: it stripped it of any SAS function, and enabled a change in reading frame, which altered the signal peptide, enabling the new protein to be secreted. (creation.com)
This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. (genecards.org)
CLEC4C (C-Type Lectin Domain Family 4 Member C) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
NANS (N-Acetylneuraminate Synthase) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
As is typical in investigations of protein structures, we inserted the synthetic gene for the type-III AFP into Escherichia coli , where it was over-expressed to allow us to collect sufficient amounts of the protein. (scienceinschool.org)
p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
Control of gene expression of vitamin K-dependent matrix proteins during vertebrate development and onset of skeletogenesis. (ualg.pt)

Organisms living in cold zones produce ice-binding (antifreeze) proteins to prevent themselves from freezing to death. (eurekalert.org)
A few types of organisms are notably absent-there are no amphibians, reptiles, or large trees in Antarctica. (amnh.org)
Many organisms adapted to live at subzero temperatures express antifreeze proteins that improve their tolerance to freezing. (lancs.ac.uk)
However, partially unfolded, intrinsically disordered proteins also carry important functional aspects, especially in eukaryotic organisms, where up to 40% of all proteins contain disordered regions. (usc.edu)

Also known as Antifreeze protein Maxi (5a-like AFP) (Type 1 hyperactive antifreeze protein) (AFP Hyp-1). (mybiosource.com)
Beta-helix structure and ice-binding properties of a hyperactive antifreeze protein from an insect. (readabstracts.com)

This PPII conformation is also common in proteins and polypeptides with other amino acids apart from proline. (wikipedia.org)

Various polar and north-temperate marine teleosts had evolved a total of four structurally different types of antifreeze protein, which enabled them to survive and successfully colonize their respective icy, freezing (−1.9°C) habitats ( 1 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
Although structurally diverse, all antifreeze proteins interact with ice surfaces, depress the freezing temperature of aqueous solutions, and inhibit ice crystal growth. (lancs.ac.uk)

SciRep)(29.3 °F). However, insect antifreeze proteins are 10-30 times more active than fish proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas most insect antifreeze proteins contain cysteines at least every sixth residue, as well as varying numbers of 12- or 13-mer repeats of 8.3-12.5kDa, RiAFP is notable for containing only one disulfide bridge. (wikipedia.org)
However, insect antifreeze proteins are 10-30 times more active than any known fish protein. (bionity.com)
In this study, we have characterized the antifreeze protein ApAFP752 from the beetle Anatolica polita to better understand method of action of antifreeze activity of insect antifreeze proteins and to identify it potential applications in cryoprotection. (unh.edu)
We found the protein to have a β-helix secondary structure, similar to other known insect antifreeze proteins. (unh.edu)

Polyampholytes as low toxic efficient cryoprotective agents with antifreeze protein properties. (nih.gov)

Its sequence codes for a precursor protein that is 82 amino acids in length. (caltech.edu)
The composition of the pro-sequence is similar to that of the native protein except that it contains five prolines. (caltech.edu)
The mature protein, but not the pro-sequence, contains three of the 11-residue repeats previously observed [Lin, Y. & Gross, J. K. (1981) Proc. (caltech.edu)
The partly non-protein-coding signal peptide (SP) precursor sequence in SAS-B ' that was modified to become a coding sequence for the AFPIII signal peptide is shown at the bottom. (creation.com)
A high-resolution structure of P. pantrotrophus pseudoazurin is reported at 1.4 Å resolution, together with secondary-structure-based sequence alignment of the type 1 copper protein family. (iucr.org)
This structure contains ~50% Ala and has a very similar fold to the wild type sequence, indicating that zinc-ligands and a few key hydrophobic residues are all that is required for structure. (edu.au)
In 1975 Professor Laursen and two of his students, Alex Bonner and Marc Horn, organized the "The First International Conference on Solid Phase Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis" at BU to facilitate idea exchange among researchers involved in automated sequencing. (bu.edu)
In 1988, Professor Laursen became the first recipient of the Millipore-sponsored Pehr Edman Award "for outstanding contributions to the methodology of protein sequence analysis. (bu.edu)
The sequence of carrot antifreeze protein is similar to that of polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins and contains leucine-rich repeats. (lancs.ac.uk)
Note that the 'protein existence' evidence does not give information on the accuracy or correctness of the sequence(s) displayed. (uniprot.org)

During the extreme winter months, the spruce budworm resists freezing at temperatures approaching −30 °C. The Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides can survive in a temperature of -60 °C by using antifreeze agents that are not proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The solution structure of spruce budworm antifreeze proteins is reported and its ice-biding properties are characterized. (readabstracts.com)

We have determined the structure of the type I antifreeze protein (SS3) from the blood of the shorthorn sculpin at both 5 degrees and -5 degrees. (edu.au)

Ice-binding protein functions cannot be evaluated only by the attachment of the proteins to basal faces or by ice crystal growth inhibition. (eurekalert.org)
We also found that carboxylated PLLs showed antifreeze protein properties, such as ice recrystallization inhibition, which may contribute to successful cryopreservation by membrane protection. (nih.gov)
More recently, he and co-workers synthesized a peptide mimic of α-helical type I antifreeze protein, elucidating the crystal growth inhibition mechanisms of this unique protein. (bu.edu)

At least 3 different antifreeze proteins were purified from Z. viviparus serum but more isoforms are most likely present. (ingentaconnect.com)
The antifreeze activity of Z. viviparus antifreeze proteins is concentration dependent and showed a saturation effect when the protein concentration reached 30mg·ml −1 (crude serum) and 8mg·ml −1 (partly purified serum) respectively. (ingentaconnect.com)
The mature protein matches in composition one of the alanine-rich serum antifreeze proteins that was purified by ion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. (caltech.edu)

From rotational auto correlation function of water molecules around ice-binding sites, it is prominent that with increase in temperature, strong interaction between the water oxygen and the hydrogen bond acceptor group on the protein-binding surface decreases. (figshare.com)
To avoid the problems faced by other researchers, we used a combination of X-ray and neutron diffraction to examine the structure of the protein and its interactions with water molecules. (scienceinschool.org)
PHILADELPHIA - The key to better treatments for brain injuries and disease may lie in the molecules charged with preventing the clumping of specific proteins associated with cognitive decline and other neurological problems, researchers from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania report in a new study published in Neurobiology of Disease . (eurekalert.org)

Exposure to low temperatures stimulates synthesis of antifreeze proteins in large amounts. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Expression of the carrot complementary DNA in tobacco resulted in the accumulation of antifreeze activity in the apoplast of plants grown at greenhouse temperatures. (lancs.ac.uk)
is a psychrophilic type of fungi which indicates that it is an extremophile that reproduces and grows in cold temperatures (temperatures ranging from −15°C to +10°C. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychrophile Psychrophiles] are able to withstand cold temperatures due to a lipid cell membrane that is chemically resistant to stiffening/freezing. (kenyon.edu)

Antifreeze Report by Material, Application, and Geography Global Forecast to 2022 is a professional and in-depth research report on the worlds major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, united Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China). (aarkstore.com)
Rose Water Market Research Report by Type (Rosa Centifolia, Rosa Damascena, and Rosa Gallica), by Application (Cosmetics and Personal Care, Food and Beverages, and Medicinal Use) - Global Forecast to 2025 - Cumulative Impact of COVID-19 The Global Rose Water Market is expected to grow from USD 334.85 Million in 2019. (reportbuyer.com)
Consequently, the wide range of commercial applications of antifreeze proteins is expected to drive market growth during the forecast period. (reportsanddata.com)

Keywords summarise the content of a UniProtKB entry and facilitate the search for proteins of interest. (uniprot.org)

Among its related pathways are Metabolism of proteins and Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism . (genecards.org)

RiAFP refers to an antifreeze protein (AFP) produced by the Rhagium inquisitor longhorned beetle. (wikipedia.org)
Zachariassen, K.E.. Cadmium exposure of the beetle Tenebrio molitor (L): Internal distribution of Cd and induction of a Cd-binding protein in the gut content. (bibsys.no)
The 1.4-A resolution crystal structure of a small protein from the beetle Tenebrio molitor is reported. (readabstracts.com)
An antifreeze protein, thermal hysteresis, has been purified from Tenebrio molitor, the common yellow mealworm beetle. (readabstracts.com)

Therefore, it is possible to select a single protein with appropriate characteristics and a suitable level of activity for a specific food product. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Type-IV antifreeze proteins (AFP4s) are present also in certain temperate and even tropical fish, which has raised a question as to whether these AFP4s have important functions in addition to antifreeze activity. (ijbs.com)
Further the antifreeze activity was found to be dependent of the buffer osmolality resulting in increasing thermal hysteresis when buffer osmolality was raised from 0 to 1M. (ingentaconnect.com)
The oceanic fish families analyzed: Myctophidae (Electrona and Gymnoscopelus), Zoarcidae (Melanostigma), Gempylidae (Paradiplospinus), Paralepididae (Notolepsis), and Bathylagidae (Bathylagus) showed no antifreeze activity. (usf.edu)
Two endemic species captured in the same sampling program did show antifreeze activity: the important pelagic species Pleuragramma antarcticum (Nototheniidae) and the Bathydraconid (Vomeridens). (usf.edu)
Using site-directed mutagenesis, a total of sixteen threonine substitutions were made on one of the four faces of a cyanobacterial protein with no endogenous TH activity. (queensu.ca)
The inclusion of eight paired threonines on one face of this quadrilateral helix gave the engineered protein low levels of TH activity, but at the cost of destabilizing the structure to some extent. (queensu.ca)
Hydrophilic residues N14, T18 and Q44 are essential to antifreeze activity. (figshare.com)
Disruptive mutations on the ice-binding site of type III AFP lower antifreeze activity but can also change ice crystal morphology. (nih.gov)
One of the methods that have been proposed is a multiobjective optimization, in which protein stability and catalytic activity are simultaneously optimized [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Several methods have been proposed to design novel stable proteins, such as multi-objective optimization, in which protein stability and catalytic activity are simultaneously optimized. (hindawi.com)
Mutating any of the smaller residues on the ice binding site to bulkier ones decreased the antifreeze activity. (paperity.org)
November Structural basis of antifreeze activity of a bacterial multi-domain antifreeze protein Chen Wang 0 1 Svetlana Pakhomova 0 1 Marcia E. Newcomer 0 1 Brent C. Christner 0 1 Bing- Hao Luo 0 1 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. (paperity.org)
Promoter activity was measured by U6 promoter-driven shRNA to suppress enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression. (scialert.net)

This domain is present in a superfamily of proteins that bind sugars specifically through contact with a calcium ion. (ebi.ac.uk)
The extent of similarity within the superfamily is confined to short motifs and single amino acids at intervals throughout the protein. (ebi.ac.uk)

This flatfish is presumed to produce type I AFP, which is an alanine-rich, amphipathic alpha-helix. (queensu.ca)

Antifreeze proteins, also known as thermal hysteresis proteins, ice binding proteins and ice structuring proteins (ISP). (rnrmarketresearch.com)
Previous attempts to purify thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs) have failed to produce sufficient yield to account for that of haemolymph. (readabstracts.com)

Unilever that manufactures antifreeze proteins under the name of ice structuring proteins launched its first premium probiotic ice cream brand, Culture Republick in the year 2018. (reportsanddata.com)

Hence, though present even in cool waters of moderate climatic zones, the amount of antifreeze proteins generated in fish here is lower than fish in cooler climates. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Extraction of an antifreeze protein from fish is a complex process and involves huge R&D investments. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Antifreeze (glyco) proteins (AF(G)Ps) from the blood of polar fish species are extremely potent ice recrystallization inhibitors (IRI), but are difficult to synthesise or extract from natural sources. (rsc.org)
Furthermore, advancements in technology to enhance fish farming in colder climates is also projected to influence the antifreeze proteins market significantly. (theinsightpartners.com)
Matthew Blakeley from ILL and his colleagues from ESRF and elsewhere have discovered how antifreeze in Arctic fish blood keeps them alive in sub-zero conditions. (scienceinschool.org)
Evolution of the diverse antifreeze proteins Cheng, Chi-Hing C 1998-12-01 00:00:00 Different types of ice-growth-inhibiting antifreeze proteins, first recognized in fish, have now been isolated from insects and plants, and the list continues to expand. (deepdyve.com)
Different types of ice-growth-inhibiting antifreeze proteins, first recognized in fish, have now been isolated from insects and plants, and the list continues to expand. (deepdyve.com)
The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of the antifreeze protein on the microstructure and physicochemical properties of hidroponic strawberries, evaluating the titratable acidity, pH, colour and optical microscopy before freezing both in natura (IN) and impregnated with the protein (IP), and after thawing without the protein (TWP) and impregnated (TIP) with the antifreeze protein (AFP Type I from fish) by vacuum impregnation. (scielo.br)
Certain fish have antifreeze proteins that lower the freezing point of their blood. (amnh.org)
A protein purified from carrot shares these functional features with antifreeze proteins of fish. (lancs.ac.uk)
They are biological antifreeze materials originally found in polar fish and also in certain plants and insects and the use of solid antifreeze protein in the medical and food sectors is rapidly growing. (marketreport.jp)
By source, fish antifreeze proteins are widely preferred sources in applications such vaccinations, organ transplants, cosmetics such as antiaging creams, and food products such as ice creams and frozen desserts. (reportsanddata.com)
The major factors speculated to augment the markets are improvements in technology to augment fish farming in cooler climates, and benefits associated with antifreeze proteins. (marketreport.jp)

For example, the PPII backbone dihedral angles are often observed in turns , most commonly in the first residue of a type II β-turn. (wikipedia.org)

The aim of my laboratory is to create a better understanding of the pathological and functional aspects of protein disorder and aggregation. (usc.edu)
In particular, we are interested in the differences between functional and pathological amyloid fibrils and the importance of intrinsically disordered protein domains (i.e. domains that lack stable tertiary or secondary structure) for the formation of amyloid. (usc.edu)
The type of transcript analysis performed in this study sets the foundation for more detailed functional and genome level analyses of the genes involved in desiccation tolerance in nematodes. (biomedcentral.com)

Because of these proteins' ability to prevent and slow the rate of ice crystal formation, they have great potential in the application of cryopreservation in medicine, agriculture and food science. (unh.edu)

Understanding how the antifreeze proteins interact with ice is also helping Yeh and colleagues from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory understand biomineralization: how living tissues form hard, crystalline material such as sea shells, bone and tooth enamel. (bio-medicine.org)

6.5-7 kDa were characterised and found to share high similarity to the type III antifreeze proteins found in other members of the family Zoarcidae . (ingentaconnect.com)

These data suggest that RiAFP is a well-folded β-helical protein, having six β-strand regions consisting of 13-amino acids (including one TxTxTxT binding motif) per strand. (wikipedia.org)
The PPII backbone dihedral angles (-75°, 150°) are observed frequently in proteins, even for amino acids other than proline . (wikipedia.org)

Antifreeze proteins improve the quality of frozen food products such as ice creams that are consumed in the frozen state by inhibiting recrystallization and maintaining a smooth texture. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Protein linewidth and solvent dynamics in frozen solution NMR PLoS One. (usc.edu)
The increase in demand for solid antifreeze proteins from the frozen food industry is projected to drive the solid segment during the review period. (marketreport.jp)
Antifreeze proteins have unique effects on ice in frozen solutions. (reportsanddata.com)
These proteins have potential in frozen food industry avoiding the damage in the structure of animal or vegetal foods. (biomedcentral.com)

This precursor has both a signal polypeptide and a prosequence before the mature protein of 38 amino acid residues. (caltech.edu)
However, mutations of residues on the ice-binding face (IBF) of both types of AFP reduced IRI and TH activities to a similar extent. (queensu.ca)
A polyproline helix is a type of protein secondary structure which occurs in proteins comprising repeating proline residues. (wikipedia.org)
VH is derived from a single protein domain of 35 residues [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Antifreeze proteins are extensively used in different fields including the agriculture sector, wherein they extend the harvest season in cooler climates by increasing the freeze tolerance of crops. (reportsanddata.com)

SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
Scientists have discovered that an ice-binding protein (fcIBP) from the sea ice microalga does not fit in the conventional classification of ice-binding proteins, suggesting unknown mechanisms behind its antifreeze property. (eurekalert.org)
Can supplement appearance based classification with other types of data. (slideshare.net)

Ionic liquids are highly viscous liquids at room temperature comprised entirely of ions, which makes it challenging to study their interactions with protein by traditional NMR methods. (unh.edu)
Chilling slows cellular function, alters protein-protein interactions, and reduces membrane fluidity, among other effects. (northgeorgia.edu)
this binding is important for many protein-protein interactions and even for interactions between the domains of a single protein. (wikipedia.org)

They are cysteine-rich globular proteins containing five disulfide bonds. (wikipedia.org)

On the basis of these observations we postulate that other types of AFP also have compound ice-binding sites that enable them to bind to multiple planes of ice. (nih.gov)

This protein is tryptophan-containing mutant of BKLF F3 that retains native structure and function. (edu.au)

is a type of pathogenic fungi due to the fact that it causes disease in its animal host. (kenyon.edu)

In addition, Npc1 (Niemann-Pick disease, type C1), a 13 transmembrane-spanning protein containing a sterol-sensing domain, was also demonstrated to contribute early morphogenetic movements including epiboly and CE movements [ 7 ]. (ijbs.com)

This 7-kDa globular protein is encoded by a multigene family that produces two major isoforms, SP and QAE, which are 55% identical. (nih.gov)

Isolation and some characterisation of antifreeze protein from th. (ingentaconnect.com)

[5] The PPII helix is not common in transmembrane proteins , and this secondary structure does not traverse lipid membranes in natural conditions. (wikipedia.org)

Analysis of the diverse AFP structures solved to date indicate that their IBFs are relatively flat, occupy a significant proportion of the protein's surface area and are more hydrophobic than other surfaces of the protein. (queensu.ca)
Solid-state NMR is an emerging technique that enables us to investigate protein structures that are otherwise inaccessible to atomic-resolution structural methods such as X-ray crystallography and liquid-state NMR, thereby permitting us to investigate systems such as protein fibrils with atomic resolution. (usc.edu)

Type I-hyp AFP (where hyp stands for hyperactive) are found in several righteye flounders. (wikipedia.org)
It is found that irrespective of the temperature the ice-binding surface (IBS) of the protein is relatively more rigid than its non ice-binding surface (NonIBS) in its native and glycosylated form. (figshare.com)
Additionally, the protein was found to confer some cryoprotection to cellular systems. (unh.edu)
We found that it's a type of brain 'antifreeze' that works to pause and even reverse the aggregation or misfolding of amyloid-beta proteins, which occurs after a brain injury. (eurekalert.org)
This is followed by the rapid clumping of amyloid-beta proteins to form amyloid plaques, which are found in a large number of TBI patients who die shortly after injury--similar to the hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease. (eurekalert.org)

North America, Europe, APAC, MEA and South & Central America after evaluating political, economic, social and technological factors effecting the antifreeze proteins market in these regions. (theinsightpartners.com)
North America has several national research institutes which support biotechnology and life sciences research which in turn supports the growth of the antifreeze proteins market, identifying new areas of applications. (reportsanddata.com)

Organisms14

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs19

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes12

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science6

Health Care4

Geographicals1

Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from Atlantic snailfish (Liparis atlanticus) and dusky snailfish (Liparis gibbus). (1/16)

Structure of type I antifreeze protein and mutants in supercooled water. (2/16)

A mechanism for stabilization of membranes at low temperatures by an antifreeze protein. (3/16)

Solution structure of a hydrophobic analogue of the winter flounder antifreeze protein. (4/16)

Freezing of a fish antifreeze protein results in amyloid fibril formation. (5/16)

The effect of hydrophobic analogues of the type I winter flounder antifreeze protein on lipid bilayers. (6/16)

Hyperactive antifreeze protein from winter flounder is a very long rod-like dimer of alpha-helices. (7/16)

Type I antifreeze proteins expressed in snailfish skin are identical to their plasma counterparts. (8/16)

Antifreeze Proteins

Retinol-Binding Proteins, Cellular

Antifreeze Proteins, Type I

Antifreeze Proteins, Type III

Ice

Retinol-Binding Proteins

Flounder

Freezing

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I

Antifreeze Proteins, Type IV

Antifreeze Proteins, Type II

Myositis Ossificans

Tenebrio

Vitamin A

Fishes

Osmeriformes

Fish Proteins

Marinomonas

Antarctic Regions

Eels

Glycoproteins

Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II

Flatfishes

Salmoniformes

Secale cereale

Beetles

Amino Acid Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

Cold Climate

Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2

Daucus carota

Snow

Models, Molecular

Crystallization

Smad1 Protein

Protein Conformation

Protein Structure, Secondary

Cold Temperature

Perciformes

Neutron Diffraction

Smad6 Protein

Gadiformes

Base Sequence

Siphonaptera

Acclimatization

Circular Dichroism

Smad5 Protein

Insect Proteins

Solutions

Databases, Protein

Internet

User-Computer Interface

Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from Atlantic snailfish (Liparis atlanticus) and dusky snailfish (Liparis gibbus). (1/16)

Structure of type I antifreeze protein and mutants in supercooled water. (2/16)

A mechanism for stabilization of membranes at low temperatures by an antifreeze protein. (3/16)

Solution structure of a hydrophobic analogue of the winter flounder antifreeze protein. (4/16)

Freezing of a fish antifreeze protein results in amyloid fibril formation. (5/16)

The effect of hydrophobic analogues of the type I winter flounder antifreeze protein on lipid bilayers. (6/16)

Hyperactive antifreeze protein from winter flounder is a very long rod-like dimer of alpha-helices. (7/16)

Type I antifreeze proteins expressed in snailfish skin are identical to their plasma counterparts. (8/16)

Mackay & Matthews Lab

Effect of Antifreeze Proteins on the Nucleation, Growth, and the Memory Effect during Tetrahydrofuran Clathrate Hydrate...

Snailfish | fish | Britannica.com

Liparis curilensis

Liparis latifolia in Flora of China @ efloras.org

Liparis (plant) - Wikipedia

Paraliparis dewitti, Brown ribbed snailfish

Publications | Argonne National Laboratory

Experimental correlation between thermal hysteresis activity and the distance between antifreeze proteins on an ice surface -...

Global Antifreeze Proteins (AFP) Sales Market Report 2017 : ReportsnReports

Antifreeze Protein Synthesised - Slashdot

Insights into the Roles of Desolvation and π-Electron Interactions during DNA Polymerization - Motea - 2013 - ChemBioChem -...

Research | Cal State LA

Recent Articles | Antifreeze Proteins, Culture And Genetics & Genomics | The Scientist Magazine®

Recent Articles | Antifreeze Proteins And Microbiology | The Scientist Magazine®| Page 44

ETD | An effector of amphibian innate immunity protects against human influenza A viruses | ID: 4m90dv490 | Emory Theses and...

Menthol, Essential Oil and Aromatic Oil Liparis Herbals Private Limited Kolkata

Animals with antifreeze

Antifreeze Proteins and Larval Fish

Expression and characterization of an antifreeze protein from the perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne