Antifreeze Proteins
Antifreeze Proteins, Type I
Antifreeze Proteins, Type III
Flounder
Antifreeze Proteins, Type IV
Antifreeze Proteins, Type II
Fishes
Marinomonas
Antarctic Regions
Glycoproteins
Flatfishes
Salmoniformes
Secale cereale
Beetles
Daucus carota
Amino Acid Sequence
Crystallization
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Protein Structure, Secondary
Perciformes
Neutron Diffraction
Models, Molecular
Gadiformes
Circular Dichroism
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Solutions
Faculty, Medical
Faculty
Students, Medical
Research
Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)
Mechlorethamine
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of type III antifreeze protein structure and function. (1/194)
Some cold water marine fishes avoid cellular damage because of freezing by expressing antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that bind to ice and inhibit its growth; one such protein is the globular type III AFP from eel pout. Despite several studies, the mechanism of ice binding remains unclear because of the difficulty in modeling the AFP-ice interaction. To further explore the mechanism, we have determined the x-ray crystallographic structure of 10 type III AFP mutants and combined that information with 7 previously determined structures to mainly analyze specific AFP-ice interactions such as hydrogen bonds. Quantitative assessment of binding was performed using a neural network with properties of the structure as input and predicted antifreeze activity as output. Using the cross-validation method, a correlation coefficient of 0.60 was obtained between measured and predicted activity, indicating successful learning and good predictive power. A large loss in the predictive power of the neural network occurred after properties related to the hydrophobic surface were left out, suggesting that van der Waal's interactions make a significant contribution to ice binding. By combining the analysis of the neural network with antifreeze activity and x-ray crystallographic structures of the mutants, we extend the existing ice-binding model to a two-step process: 1) probing of the surface for the correct ice-binding plane by hydrogen-bonding side chains and 2) attractive van der Waal's interactions between the other residues of the ice-binding surface and the ice, which increases the strength of the protein-ice interaction. (+info)A leucine-rich repeat protein of carrot that exhibits antifreeze activity. (2/194)
A gene encoding an antifreeze protein (AFP) was isolated from carrot (Daucus carota) using sequence information derived from the purified protein. The carrot AFP is highly similar to the polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP) family of apoplastic plant leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins. Expression of the AFP gene is rapidly induced by low temperatures. Furthermore, expression of the AFP gene in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants leads to an accumulation of antifreeze activity. Our findings suggest that a new type of plant antifreeze protein has recently evolved from PGIPs. (+info)Isolation and characterization of a novel antifreeze protein from carrot (Daucus carota). (3/194)
A modified assay for inhibition of ice recrystallization which allows unequivocal identification of activity in plant extracts is described. Using this assay a novel, cold-induced, 36 kDa antifreeze protein has been isolated from the tap root of cold-acclimated carrot (Daucus carota) plants. This protein inhibits the recrystallization of ice and exhibits thermal-hysteresis activity. The polypeptide behaves as monomer in solution and is N-glycosylated. The corresponding gene is unique in the carrot genome and induced by cold. The antifreeze protein appears to be localized within the apoplast. (+info)Studies of a putative ice-binding motif in winter flounder skin-type anti-freeze polypeptide. (4/194)
Winter flounder contains two distinct anti-freeze protein isoforms, which are the liver-type extracellular anti-freeze proteins and the skin-type intracellular anti-freeze protein. The skin-type anti-freeze proteins exhibit lower anti-freeze activities than the liver-type isoforms and this might be due to their lacking complete ice-binding motifs. One of the skin-type anti-freeze proteins, skin-type anti-freeze protein-3, does contain putative overlapping ice-binding motifs with the sequences '-K-DT-' and '-DT-K-'. Synthetic anti-freezes containing 0-3 repeats of the '-DT-K-' motif were tested for stability and activity. Loss of the single '-DT-K-' of skin-type anti-freeze protein-3 increases the anti-freeze activity and increasing the number of motifs to two or three lowers the activity. The decrease in activity with an increasing frequency of the motif correlates with a decrease in the helical content of these peptides at 0 degrees C. (+info)Artificial antifreeze polypeptides: alpha-helical peptides with KAAK motifs have antifreeze and ice crystal morphology modifying properties. (5/194)
Antifreeze polypeptides from fish are generally thought to inhibit ice crystal growth by specific adsorption onto ice surfaces and preventing addition of water molecules to the ice lattice. Recent studies have suggested that this adsorption results from hydrogen bonding through the side chains of polar amino acids as well as hydrophobic interactions between the non-polar domains on the ice-binding side of antifreeze polypeptides and the clathrate-like surfaces of ice. In order to better understand the activity of one of the antifreeze polypeptide families, namely the alpha-helical type I antifreeze polypeptides, four alpha-helical peptides having sequences not directly analogous to those of known antifreeze polypeptides and containing only positively charged and non-polar side chains were synthesized. Two peptides with regularly spaced lysine residues, GAAKAAKAAAAAAAKAAKAAAAAAAKAAKAAGGY-NH2 and GAALKAAKAAAAAALKAAKAAAAAALKAAKAAGGY-NH2, showed antifreeze activity, albeit weaker than seen in natural antifreeze polypeptides, by the criteria of freezing point depression (thermal hysteresis) and ice crystal modification to a hexagonal trapezohedron. Peptides with irregular spacing of Lys residues were completely inactive. Up to now, lysine residues have not been generally associated with antifreeze activity, though they have been implicated in some antifreeze polypeptides. This work also shows that lysine residues in themselves, when properly positioned on an alpha-helical polyalanine scaffold, have all the requisite properties needed for such an activity. (+info)Secretory expression and site-directed mutagenesis studies of the winter flounder skin-type antifreeze polypeptides. (6/194)
Winter flounder contains both liver-type, extracellular antifreeze polypeptides (wflAFPs) and less active skin-type, intracellular antifreeze polypeptides (wfsAFPs). The lower activity of wfsAFPs might be due to their lack of complete ice-binding motifs '-K-DT-'. In order to test the functional role of this putative ice-binding motif, mutations were introduced into the N-terminal or C-terminal regions of wfsAFP-2, which lack any presumptive ice-binding motifs. The wild-type and mutant wfsAFP-2 were secreted in Escherichia coli culture media as mature antifreeze proteins and purified to homogeneity. Surprisingly, the antifreeze activity decreased with the introduction of ice-binding motifs. However, there was a corresponding decrease in alpha-helical content as well as thermal stability and this would suggest a compromise in retaining helical structure with the presence of ice-binding motifs. These studies have brought new definitions of the roles of ice-binding motif residues in type I antifreeze proteins. (+info)Ice-binding surface of fish type III antifreeze. (7/194)
We employed computational techniques, including molecular docking, energy minimization, and molecular dynamics simulation, to investigate the ice-binding surface of fish type III antifreeze protein (AFP). The putative ice-binding site was previously identified by mutagenesis, structural analysis, and flatness evaluation. Using a high-resolution x-ray structure of fish type III AFP as a model, we calculated the ice-binding interaction energy of 11 surface patches chosen to cover the entire surface of the protein. These various surface patches exhibit small but significantly different ice-binding interaction energies. For both the prism ice plane and an "ice" plane in which water O atoms are randomly positioned, our calculations show that a surface patch containing 14 residues (L19, V20, T18, S42, V41, Q9, P12, A16, M21, T15, Q44, I13, N14, K61) has the most favorable interaction energy and corresponds to the previously identified ice-binding site of type III AFP. Although in general agreement with the earlier studies, our results also suggest that the ice-binding site may be larger than the previously identified "core" cluster that includes mostly hydrophilic residues. The enlargement mainly results from the inclusion of peripheral hydrophobic residues and K61. (+info)Type I 'antifreeze' proteins. Structure-activity studies and mechanisms of ice growth inhibition. (8/194)
The type I 'antifreeze' proteins, found in the body fluids of fish inhabiting polar oceans, are alanine-rich alpha-helical proteins that are able to inhibit the growth of ice. Within this class there are two distinct subclasses of proteins: those related to the winter flounder sequence HPLC6 and which contain 11-residue repeat units commencing with threonine; and those from the sculpins that are unique in the N-terminal region that contains established helix breakers and lacks the 11-residue repeat structure present in the rest of the protein. Although 14 type I proteins have been isolated, almost all research has focused on HPLC6, the 37-residue protein from the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. This protein modifies both the rate and shape (or 'habit') of ice crystal growth, displays hysteresis and accumulates specifically at the {2 0 2; 1} ice plane. Until very recently, all models to explain the mechanism for this specific interaction have relied on the interaction of the four threonine hydroxyls, which are spaced equally apart on one face of the helix, with the ice lattice. In contrast, proteins belonging to the sculpin family accumulate specifically at the {2 1; 1; 0} plane. The molecular origin of this difference in specificity between the flounder and sculpin proteins is not understood. This review will summarize the structure-activity and molecular modelling and dynamics studies on HPLC6, with an emphasis on recent studies in which the threonine residues have been mutated. These studies have identified important hydrophobic contributions to the ice growth inhibition mechanism. Some 50 mutants of HPLC6 have been reported and the data is consistent with the following requirements for ice growth inhibition: (a) a minimum length of approx. 25 residues; (b) an alanine-rich sequence in order to induce a highly helical conformation; (c) a hydrophobic face; (d) a number of charged/polar residues which are involved in solubility and/or interaction with the ice surface. The emerging picture, that requires further dynamics studies including accurate modelling of the ice/water interface, suggests that a hydrophobic interaction between the surface of the protein and ice is the key to explaining accumulation at specific ice planes, and thus the molecular level mechanism for ice growth inhibition. (+info)
Antifreeze protein
Thermal hysteresis or Antifreeze protein) at the PDBe-KB. (Protein articles without symbol, Protein pages needing a picture, ... Fish Antifreeze Produced in Pancreas Antifreeze Proteins: Molecule of the Month, by David Goodsell, RCSB Protein Data Bank ... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, ... These proteins were later called antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) or antifreeze glycopeptides to distinguish them from newly ...
Antifreeze
... proteins bind to small ice crystals to inhibit growth and recrystallization of ice that would otherwise be fatal. ... Antifreeze proteins refer to chemical compounds produced by certain animals, plants, and other organisms that prevent the ... Antifreeze protein Air cooling Cryoprotectant Heater core Ice melt Internal combustion engine cooling Radiator Water cooling ... An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid. An antifreeze mixture is used to achieve ...
Supercooling
There are many mechanisms that aid in maintaining a liquid state, such as the production of antifreeze proteins, which bind to ... Noncolligative proteins are secreted by the liver into the bloodstream. Other animals use colligative antifreezes, which ... There are many techniques that aid in maintaining a liquid state, such as the production of antifreeze proteins, or AFPs, which ... ISBN 0-87849-522-3. Garth L Fletcher; Choy L Hew & Peter L Davies (2001). "Antifreeze Proteins of Teleost Fishes". Annual ...
Carex firma
ISBN 3-85474-140-5. Ökke Atıcıa & Barbaros Nalbantoğlu (2003). "Antifreeze proteins in higher plants". Phytochemistry. 64 (7): ...
Typhula incarnata
... survive the winter by producing extracellular antifreeze proteins. These antifreeze proteins cause thermal hysteria. Thermal ... Antifreeze proteins bind to ice crystals and create curved ice fronts which are energetically unfavorable for the further ... "Ice recrystallization is strongly inhibited when antifreeze proteins bind to multiple ice planes". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): ...
RiAFP
... refers to an antifreeze protein (AFP) produced by the Rhagium inquisitor longhorned beetle. It is a type V antifreeze ... "Theoretical study of interaction of winter flounder antifreeze protein with ice". Protein Sci. 13 (6): 1524-37. doi:10.1110/ps. ... Whereas most insect antifreeze proteins contain cysteines at least every sixth residue, as well as varying numbers of 12- or 13 ... Duman JG (2001). "Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 63: 327-57. doi:10.1146 ...
Polyproline helix
Some proteins, such as the antifreeze protein of Hypogastrura harveyi consist of bundles of glycine-rich polyglycine II helices ... "X-ray Structure of Snow Flea Antifreeze Protein Determined by Racemic Crystallization of Synthetic Protein Enantiomers". ... Davies, Peter L.; Graham, Laurie A. (2005-10-21). "Glycine-Rich Antifreeze Proteins from Snow Fleas". Science. 310 (5747): 461 ... A polyproline helix is a type of protein secondary structure which occurs in proteins comprising repeating proline residues. A ...
Thermoregulation
... some use natural antifreeze or antifreeze proteins to resist ice crystal formation in their tissues. Amphibians and reptiles ... Crevel, R.W.R; Fedyk, J.K; Spurgeon, M.J (July 2002). "Antifreeze proteins: characteristics, occurrence and human exposure". ... Some plants are known to protect themselves against colder temperatures using antifreeze proteins. This occurs in wheat ( ... "OMIM entry on human UnCoupling Protein 2 (UCP2)". Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Simpson S, Herring PT (9 May 1905). "The ...
List of examples of convergent evolution
Antifreeze proteins are a perfect example of convergent evolution. Different small proteins with a flat surface which is rich ... others will surely be described (but see the results based on DNA data). The antifreeze protein of fish in the arctic and ... "These include two proteins from fish, the ocean pout and the winter flounder, and three very active proteins from insects, the ... Crevel RW, Fedyk JK, Spurgeon MJ (July 2002). "Antifreeze proteins: characteristics, occurrence and human exposure". Food and ...
Lake Vostok
The fish is known to produce antifreeze proteins. Microbiologist David Pearce of the University of Northumbria in Newcastle, UK ... The main concern is that the lake could become contaminated with the antifreeze that the Russians used to keep the bore hole ... said that the bacteria could in principle be a contaminant that uses kerosene-the antifreeze used during drilling-as an energy ...
Xylomannan
Unlike antifreeze proteins, xylomannan is not a protein. Instead, it is a combination of a sugar (saccharide) and a fatty acid ... "New Antifreeze Molecule Isolated In Alaska Beetle - Science News - redOrbit". Damonte E, Neyts J, Pujol CA, et al. (June 1994 ... Ishiwata A, Sakurai A, Nishimiya Y, Tsuda S, Ito Y (Dec 7, 2011). "Synthetic study and structural analysis of the antifreeze ... Xylomannan is an antifreeze molecule, found in the freeze-tolerant Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides. ...
Insect winter ecology
These antifreeze proteins are thought to stabilize SCPs by binding directly to the surface structures of the ice crystals ... Duman JG (2001) Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods. Annual Review of Physiology. 63:327-357 Ramloy ... Hanover, NH: University Press of New England ISBN 978-0874517859 Duman JG (2001) Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in ... Horwath KL and Duman JG (1982) Involvement of the Circadian System in Photoperiodic Regulation of Insect Antifreeze Proteins. ...
Beetle
Graham, L. A; Liou, Y. C.; Walker, V. K.; Davies, P. L. (August 1997). "Hyperactive antifreeze protein from beetles". Nature. ... The hemolymph of the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor contains several antifreeze proteins. The Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides ... but this is prevented through the production of antifreeze proteins that stop water molecules from grouping together. The low ... The yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, contains a family of small Cys-rich and Thr-rich thermal hysteresis proteins that ...
Ecophysiology
... production of antifreeze proteins and dehydrins increases. As temperatures rise, production of heat shock proteins increases. ... plants can produce various proteins. These protect them from the damaging effects of ice formation and falling rates of enzyme ...
Hypogastrura nivicola
"New antifreeze protein may allow longer storage of transplant organs". Queen's University (Canada). 2005-10-21. (Press release ... Researchers at Queen's University (Canada) have sequenced and synthesised the anti-freeze-like protein that allows H. nivicola ... Unlike proteins with similar functions in other species, the protein found in H. nivicola breaks down easily at higher ... 1 March 2007). "Structural modeling of snow flea antifreeze protein". Biophysical Journal. 92 (5): 1717-1723. Bibcode:2007BpJ ...
Cryobiology
Antifreeze proteins cloned from such fish have been used to confer frost-resistance on transgenic plants.[citation needed] ... See insect winter ecology and antifreeze protein. Another invertebrate that is briefly tolerant to temperatures down to -273 °C ... Materials or systems studied may include proteins, cells, tissues, organs, or whole organisms. Temperatures may range from ... Freezing is made possible by specialized proteins and glucose, which prevent intracellular freezing and dehydration." The wood ...
Hibernation
These species have evolved freeze tolerance mechanism such as antifreeze proteins. Hibernation induction trigger (HIT) is ... Lundberg, D. A.; Nelson, R. A.; Wahner, H. W.; Jones, J. D. (1976). "Protein metabolism in the black bear before and during ... Hibernating bears are able to recycle their proteins and urine, allowing them to stop urinating for months and to avoid muscle ... Nelson, R. A. (1980). "Protein and fat metabolism in hibernating bears". FASEB J. 39 (12): 2955-2958. PMID 6998737. Lohuis, T. ...
Cryoprotectant
... antifreeze compounds and antifreeze proteins) in their bodies to minimize freezing damage during cold winter periods. ... Arctic fish use antifreeze proteins, sometimes appended with sugars, as cryoprotectants. Insects most often use sugars or ... Antifreeze protein Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources Cryoconservation of plant genetic resources Cryopreservation ... Ethylene glycol is commonly used as automobile antifreeze; while propylene glycol has been used to reduce ice formation in ice ...
Myoxocephalus scorpius
Antifreeze protein from shorthorn sculpin: identification of the ice-binding surface. Protein Sci. 10(12): 2566-2576. Dang, M ... Like some other coldwater fish, it has antifreeze proteins, which allow it to survive at temperatures around or slightly below ... Hew, C.L.; Fletcher, G.L.; Ananthanarayanan, V.S. (1980). Antifreeze proteins from the shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus ...
Sclerotinia borealis
... borealis produces its own antifreeze proteins. One of these is homologous to Atlantic winter flounder type I antifreeze protein ... Vegetative hyphae do not accumulate sclerotinial proteins when cultured at 5 °C (41 °F) but do at 10 and 25 °C (50 and 77 °F), ... and mycelial proteins cultured at 4 °C (39 °F) are decreased by switch to incubation at 25 °C (77 °F). These may be the/one of ...
Dendroides canadensis
... canadensis increases the antifreeze proteins in its hind-gut and primary urine at this time. Its antifreeze molecules are ... Nickell, Philip K.; Sass, Sandra; Verleye, Dawn; Blumenthal, Edward M.; Duman, John G. (2013). "Antifreeze proteins in the ... Wang, Lei; Duman, John G. (August 1, 2005). "Antifreeze proteins of the beetle Dendroides canadensis enhance one another's ... antifreeze protein in Arabidopsis thaliana results in a decrease in plant freezing temperature". Plant Molecular Biology. 50 (3 ...
Late embryogenesis abundant proteins
Cryptobiosis Antifreeze proteins Goyal, K., Walton, L. J., & Tunnacliffe, A. (2005). "LEA proteins prevent protein aggregation ... Late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA proteins) are proteins in plants, and some bacteria and invertebrates that protect ... v t e (CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list, Articles to be expanded from April 2020, Proteins, All stub articles, Protein ... "Both plant and animal LEA proteins act as kinetic stabilisers of polyglutamine-dependent protein aggregation". FEBS Letters. ...
David Leitner
"The Role of Sulfates on Antifreeze Protein Activity". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. American Chemical Society (ACS). 118 ... His interests are energy-molecule relations and his highest paper is An extended dynamical hydration shell around proteins, ... An extended dynamical hydration shell around proteins. 104:52. 20749-20752. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. ... Exploring Energy Transport through Proteins and Water". Israel Journal of Chemistry. Wiley. 54 (8-9): 1065-1073. doi:10.1002/ ...
Cold hardening
Duman, J (2002). "The inhibition of ice nucleators by insect antifreeze proteins is enhanced by glycerol and citrate". Journal ... Antifreeze protein Cryobiology Cryopreservation Overwintering Hibernation Thorsen, Stig Morten; Höglind, Mats (2010-12-15). " ... Proteins also play a large role in the cryoprotective compounds that increase ability to survive the cold hardening process and ... This chemistry found within the glycerol compound and reaction between water has been used as an antifreeze in the past, and ...
Cucujus clavipes
... producing anti-freeze proteins (AFPs) and anti-freeze glycolipids (AFGL), entering into a diapause, producing a multimolar ... The use of antifreeze proteins for frost protection in sensitive crop plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany 106:60-69 ... roles of antifreeze proteins, polyols, dehydration and diapause. The Journal of Experimental Biology 208:4467-4477 Bercha, R. ... The Alpha S1 and S2 caesin precursor proteins are thought to have roles in the inhibition of formation of ice nucleators in C. ...
Rye
Hon, W. C.; Griffith, M.; Chong, P.; Yang, D. S.-C. (March 1, 1994). "Extraction and Isolation of Antifreeze Proteins from ... The leaves of winter S. cereale produce various antifreeze polypeptides (these are different from the antifreeze polypeptides ... It was discovered that the storage proteins are very diverse and possess a lot of overall genetic variation as well, which is ... In addition, the plant mixture has improved forage and is known to contain digestible fiber and protein. Information about the ...
Notothenia neglecta
Additionally, N. neglecta synthesizes eight antifreeze proteins to combat the freezing temperatures of the environment. ... An antifreeze glycopeptide gene from the antarctic cod Notothenia coriiceps neglecta encodes a polyprotein of high peptide copy ...
Fish physiology
... some use natural antifreeze or antifreeze proteins to resist ice crystal formation in their tissues. Most sharks are "cold- ...
Bald notothen
Antifreeze proteins in its blood prevent it freezing in the subzero water temperatures of Antarctica. The bald notothen is ...
Crystal
Conversely, some organisms have special techniques to prevent crystallization from occurring, such as antifreeze proteins. An ...
Boreogadus saida
... but may tolerate colder temperatures owing to the presence of antifreeze protein compounds in its blood. They group in large ...
Smith Sound, Newfoundland and Labrador
He says tests show some of the cod have an anti-freeze protein, while others don't. Otherwise, the dead cod appears to have ...
Polyethylene glycol
X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins. PEG is used to fuse two different types ... 133-141 Anti-Freeze is Not a Green Wood Stabilizer - Buzz Saw, The Rockler Blog. Rockler.com (2 May 2006). Retrieved on 30 ... PEGylation is the act of covalently coupling a PEG structure to another larger molecule, for example, a therapeutic protein, ... Ganji M, Docter M, Le Grice SF, Abbondanzieri EA (September 2016). "DNA binding proteins explore multiple local configurations ...
Notothenioidei
Although many of the Antarctic species have antifreeze proteins in their body fluids, not all of them do. Some non-Antarctic ... 1997). "Evolution of antifreeze glycoprotein gene from a trypsinogen gene in Antarctic notothenioid fish". PNAS. 94 (8): 3811- ... Despite these compensations, the loss of globin proteins still results in reduced physiological performance. Notothenioidei was ... These unique environmental conditions in concert with the key evolutionary innovation of Antifreeze glycoprotein promoted ...
Næturvaktin
This very quickly results in his injury as Georg sprays him in the eyes with antifreeze and wrestles him to the ground. Georg ... and falling foul of a Chinese protein shake which induces lactation. He is submissive and often follows Georg's instructions, ...
Aline Miller
To mimic how fish use macromolecules to stop their blood freezing, Miller combines antifreeze proteins with ice crystals. In ... She has studied how proteins self-assemble, including what causes them to unfold and form fibril structures. The morphology ( ... Yan, Hui; Saiani, Alberto; Gough, Julie E.; Miller, Aline F. (1 October 2006). "Thermoreversible Protein Hydrogel as Cell ... Miller also works in biomedical engineering, creating three-dimensional scaffolds through the control of proteins and peptides ...
Racemic crystallography
... racemic and quasi-racemic X-ray crystallography were used to determine the structure of snow flea anti-freeze protein. In the ... which is folded to give the target protein molecule. Once the chemical synthesis of an L-protein is achieved, the D-protein ... In 1989, Alan Mackay suggested that if chemical synthesis could be used to make L-protein and D-protein enantiomers, it would ... A racemic mixture of the chemically synthesized D-protein and L-protein forms of Rv1738 gave crystals in the centrosymmetric ...
Threitol
It serves as a cryoprotectant (antifreeze agent) in the Alaskan beetle Upis ceramboides. Antifreeze protein Dithiothreitol, a ...
Hair ice
... an uncertain mechanism and likely stabilizes it by providing a recrystallization inhibitor similar to antifreeze proteins. ...
Artedidraconidae
... secreting anti-freeze proteins and possibly a social function, expressing dominance. The smallest species is Pogonophryne ...
Vitrification
... which can be used to image objects such as proteins or virus particles. Ordinary soda-lime glass, used in windows and drinking ... such as the vitrification of an antifreeze-like liquid in cryopreservation. In a different sense of the word, the embedding of ...
Preservative
It serves the important function of controlling the bacteria that cause botulism, but sodium nitrite can react with proteins, ... Field, Simon Quellen (2008). Why There's Antifreeze in Your Toothpaste: The Chemistry of Household Ingredients. Chicago: ...
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies
The encoded protein frataxin is directed to the mitochondrial inner membrane and is involved in the assembly of iron-sulphur ... present in anti-freeze and hydraulic brake fluid) Metabolic disorders may also cause this version of disease. Systemic problems ... This was associated with severe deficiencies of protein and vitamin intake, in particular of vitamin B12 and folate. This ... Mitochondria, however, depend on other proteins that are encoded by nuclear genes, constructed in the cytoplasm and then ...
Cucujidae
It uses a variety of anti-freeze proteins in contrast with the non-protein xylomannan exploited by another arctic beetle Upis ...
Notothenia microlepidota
Being a subantarctic species, the black cod has special adaptations such as antifreeze proteins in its blood, as well as ...
Sodium triphosphate
... antifreeze." TPP is used as a polyanion crosslinker in polysaccharide based drug delivery. Toothpaste. High serum phosphate ... "Novel hydrophilic chitosan-polyethylene oxide nanoparticles as protein carriers". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 63 (1): ...
Pyrolysis
Heat-sensitive substances, such as vitamin C and proteins, may partially change or decompose already at this stage. At about ... The resulting ethylene is used to make antifreeze (ethylene glycol), PVC (via vinyl chloride), and many other polymers, such as ...
Southern Ocean
The suborder contains many species with antifreeze proteins in their blood and tissue, allowing them to live in water that is ... Antifreeze proteins are also known from Southern Ocean snailfish. The crocodile icefish (family Channichthyidae), also known as ... Cheng, C.-H.C.; L. Chen; T.J. Near; Y. Jin (2003). "Functional Antifreeze Glycoprotein Genes in Temperate-Water New Zealand ... Jung, A.; P. Johnson; J.T. Eastman; A.L. Devries (1995). "Protein content and freezing avoidance properties of the subdermal ...
Silanization of silicon and mica
First, the proteins adsorbed on the surface are more stable over a wide range of conditions. The proteins also adopt a more ... Younes-Metzler; Ben; Giorgi (2011). "The adsorption of antifreeze glycoprotein fraction 8 on dry and wet mica". Colloids and ... With metal surfaces, protein denaturation, unstable and reversible binding, nonspecific and random immobilization of protein ... Nanoscale analysis of proteins using atomic force microscopy (AFM) requires surfaces with well-defined topologies and ...
Plant
... s protect themselves from frost and dehydration stress with antifreeze proteins, heat-shock proteins and sugars (sucrose ... Goyal, K.; Walton, L.J.; Tunnacliffe, A. (2005). "LEA proteins prevent protein aggregation due to water stress". Biochemical ... protein expression is induced by stresses and protects other proteins from aggregation as a result of desiccation and freezing ... These include the NBS-LRR class of proteins. Vascular plants differ from other plants in that nutrients are transported between ...
Dehydrin
Antifreeze protein Puhakainen T, Hess MW, Mäkelä P, Svensson J, Heino P, Palva ET (March 2004). "Overexpression of multiple ... There are other proteins in the cell that play a similar role in the recovery of drought treated plants. These proteins are ... They are stress proteins with a high number of charged amino acids that belong to the Group II Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA ... The protein has since been referred to as dehydrin and has been identified as the genetic basis of drought tolerance in plants ...
SCOPe 2.01: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended
... and ASTRAL compendium for protein structure and sequence analysis ... Compound: protein (antifreeze protein type III). Species: ... Class: antifreeze protein. Keywords: antifreeze, antifreeze protein, thermal hysteresis protein, ice binding protein. Deposited ... Description: nmr structure of intramolecular dimer antifreeze protein rd3, 40 sa structures. ... SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. Release 2.01 (March 2012) References: Fox NK, Brenner SE, Chandonia JM ...
DeCS - Termos Novos
ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS, TYPE I. PROTEINAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO I. PROTEÍNAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO II. ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS, TYPE II ... ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS, TYPE III. PROTEINAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO III. PROTEÍNAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO IV. ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS, TYPE ... ANTIFREEZE PROTEINS. PROTEINAS ANTICONGELANTES. PROTEÍNAS ANTICONGELANTES TIPO I. ... TACROLIMUS BINDING PROTEIN 1A. PROTEINA 1A DE ENLACE A TACROLIMUS. PROTEÍNA ALFA INTENSIFICADORA DE LIGAÇÃO A CCAAT. CCAAT- ...
Zhejiang University, China, Chemistry
Frontiers | Variations on primary metabolites of the carrageenan-producing red algae Sarcopeltis skottsbergii from Chile and...
... and cystocarpic specimens presented higher concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides and floridean starch. However, primary ... and cystocarpic specimens presented higher concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides and floridean starch. However, primary ... Then, we tested the hypothesis if the variation on primary metabolites (pigments, proteins and carbohydrates) are related to ... Then, we tested the hypothesis if the variation on primary metabolites (pigments, proteins and carbohydrates) are related to ...
Roe, A.D. | Publications du Service canadien des forêts | Ressources naturelles Canada
How the Antarctic Icefish Lost Its Red Blood Cells But Survived Anyway - Scientific American Blog Network
Not only did the colder water offer more oxygen, it also killed many species that did not evolve antifreeze proteins or ... Many fish in the Southern Ocean, including icefishes, produce antifreeze proteins to prevent ice crystals from forming in their ... Basically, one of the genes essential for the assembly of the hemoglobin protein is completely garbled in icefishes. Although ... are the only vertebrates that lack both red blood cells and hemoglobin-the iron-rich protein such cells use to bind and ferry ...
DeCS
Peptide, Antifreeze Peptides, Antifreeze Protein, Antifreeze Protein, Thermal Hysteresis Proteins, Antifreeze Proteins, Thermal ... Peptide, Antifreeze. Peptides, Antifreeze. Protein, Antifreeze. Protein, Thermal Hysteresis. Proteins, Antifreeze. Proteins, ... Antifreeze Proteins Entry term(s). Antifreeze Peptide Antifreeze Peptides Antifreeze Protein Hysteresis Protein, Thermal ... Antifreeze Glycoprotein. Antifreeze Glycoproteins. Antifreeze Peptide. Antifreeze Peptides. Antifreeze Protein. Glycopeptide, ...
Organisms And Environment Test Online Questions & Answers Mcqs
Structure collections | Digital World Biology
Antifreeze Proteins Collection A collection of antifreeze proteins. Antifreeze proteins are found in a variety of species that ... All of these proteins bind to water and lower the freezing point. Can you figure out what these proteins have in common besides ... Both proteins and drugs bind to specific sequences in DNA by recognizing the three dimensional shapes. ... Investigate structures of DNA and determine if other molecules (protein or other chemicals) are bound in the major groove of ...
June | 2018 | Naturally Curious with Mary Holland
School of Engineering & Applied Science - Research output
- Princeton University
Collaborative Research Center 677 - Function by Switching
Xilose
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are reported from the apoplast of different plants. Interestingly, there is no report about ... non-protein antifreeze activities as well as hexagonal ice crystals with TH of 0.17 °C and IRI 46%. The ZipTip processed ABC ... confirming a non-protein antifreeze molecule contributing to activity. To understand the origin and to confirm the source of ... Antifreeze biomolecules play a crucial role in mitigating the physical damage from frost by controlling extracellular ice ...
View source - 2010.igem.org
We begin by proposing a biosynthetic construction that enables Escherichia coli to produce an antifreeze protein, AFP at less ... Then target protein can be located either inside or outside the empty shell by fusing the protein with signal sequences, using ... In wild type E. coli flagella movement is controlled by proteins of the chemotaxis pathway, so called Che proteins. In our ... increasing the likelihood of obtaining functional protein. To further understand protein misfolding we have built an equation- ...
Urban Wildlife Guide: Snowdrops
Deep sea fish survive arctic cold - with antifreeze - Tech News HQ
... with a natural antifreeze.They glide through the water like ghosts: these polar fish glisten in the dark in yellow-green hues. ... These include antifreeze proteins, which prevent the formation of ice crystals in the body," said David Gruber, a biologist at ... However, the Greenland disk bellies have special antifreeze proteins that keep them from freezing to death. ... "Antifreeze in cars prevents the water in the radiator from freezing at cold temperatures. So it is with some animals. They have ...
Mapping of adult plant resistance to net form of net blotch in three Australian barley populations : University of Southern...
"Testing for frost tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) transformed with a gene for antifreeze protein." Breeding for ... Testing for frost tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) transformed with a gene for antifreeze protein. Vickers, Joan, ... "Wheat flour protein content and water absorption analysis in a doubled haploid population." Journal of Cereal Science. 45 (3), ... Wheat flour protein content and water absorption analysis in a doubled haploid population. Ma, Wujun, Sutherland, Mark W., ...
Intelligent Reasoning: Real Design vs. Apparent Design
They evolved anti-freeze proteins, and they are not "mutilated" or "at the margins" as your geneticist claims. The genes ... In particular, we find that the patterns of evolution in human and chimpanzee protein-coding genes are highly correlated and ... Just one protein fold. Thats all I ask.. Pick a living organism--or a part of one--and show me the evidence of "counterflow". ... I have the full text of 7 papers on these antifreeze glycoproteins. Its adaptive evolution at its purest, immune to the ...
Graduate Students - Centre for Blood Research
Then I completed my Masters Degree here at UBC working with preservation of biologicals using engineered antifreeze proteins. ... such as what odorants the proteins bind to and what happens to the behaviour if the proteins are overexpressed or knocked down. ... Methods: molecular docking, enzymatic assays, protein crystallography and molecular biology.. Taynara Lopes. Email me. Ph.D. ... I am now pursuing my MSc in the Kim Lab, where I am studying how the actin-binding protein filamin A controls platelet function ...
Snailfish - Encyclopedia Information
Evans, R.E.; G.L. Fletcher (2001). "Isolation and characterization of type I antifreeze proteins from Atlantic snailfish ( ... having type-1 antifreeze proteins. [17] It is the most species-rich family of fish in the Antarctic region, generally found in ... pressure-stable proteins, increased transport protein activity, higher cell membrane fluidity, and loss of eyesight and other ... The gelatinous layer has a high water and low protein, lipid and carbohydrate content, therefore it can provide growth with low ...
Christine Jacobs-Wagner's Profile | Stanford Profiles
A. phagocytophilum induces ticks to express Ixodes scapularis antifreeze glycoprotein (iafgp), which encodes a protein with ... Often, polarly localized proteins are recruited to the poles through their interaction with other proteins or protein complexes ... focusing on two conserved proteins: spectraplakin protein VAB-10B/MACF1 and WDR-62, a protein we identify as homologous to ... We identified proteins proximal to the microtubule minus end protein PTRN-1/Patronin at the apical ncMTOC of intestinal ...
CryoLetters 33 (2), 2012
There are very few quantitative assays to measure the activity of antifreeze proteins (AFPs, or Ice Structuring Proteins, ISPs ... Keywords: ice structuring proteins (ISPs) activity, antifreeze proteins (AFP) Activity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC ... A new quantitative method to measure activity of ice structuring proteins using differential scanning calorimetry. Majid Hassas ... Relationships between cold hardiness, and ice nucleating activity, glycerol and protein contents in the hemolymph of ...
Difference between revisions of "Christian Holm" - ICPWiki
Local Water Dynamics around Antifreeze Protein Residues in the Presence of Osmolytes: The Importance of Hydroxyl and ... In Computational Soft Matter: From Synthetic Polymers to Proteins, pages 195-236. Edited by N. Attig, K. Binder, H. Grubmüller ... This includes simple DNA models, and DNA protein interactions, as well as developing coarse grained models for DNA-Histone ... This includes simple DNA models, and DNA protein interactions, as well as developing coarse grained models for DNA-Histone ...
'Antifreeze cream' promising in early...
... antifreeze could protect the skin from frostbite and other cold injuries. ... As well, prophylactic measures such as electric heaters sewn into clothing or transgenic antifreeze proteins are often costly, ... The authors write that the effects of the antifreeze cream in humans, and how frequently it needs to be reapplied, must still ... Preliminary findings suggest a topical antifreeze could protect the skin from frostbite and other cold injuries. ...
外岡 大志
... of icing and frosting on glass surfaces by the coating of polyethylene glycol and polypeptide mimicking antifreeze protein ... Artificial Cell on a Chip Integrated with Protein Degradation. 著者名 : Taishi Tonooka; Henrike Niederholtmeyer; Lev Tsimring; ... Construction of an artificial cell capable of protein expression at low temperatures using a cell extract derived from ... Microfluidic device with an integrated freeze-dried cell-free protein synthesis system for small-volume biosensing ...
How low can temps be for scionwood storage - General Fruit Growing - Growing Fruit
Thanks @Olpea, one other thing that I found while reading was that antifreeze proteins are responsible in allowing plants to ... I think this would affect the "antifreeze" in the shoots and corresponding scionwood. But those temps are still low enough to ... would this affect the production of antifreeze, or have an affect on the scions at freezing temperatures? ... would this affect the production of antifreeze, or have an affect on the scions at freezing temperatures? ...
ERC starting grant for Ilja Voets - FMS Research Center
Bind4
- Later, Johan Ruud and other researchers confirmed that the Antarctic icefishes, as they are now known, are the only vertebrates that lack both red blood cells and hemoglobin-the iron-rich protein such cells use to bind and ferry oxygen through the circulatory system from heart to lungs to tissues and back again. (scientificamerican.com)
- Proteins that bind to ice and modify the growth of ice crystals. (bvsalud.org)
- Both proteins and drugs bind to specific sequences in DNA by recognizing the three dimensional shapes. (digitalworldbiology.com)
- The tight regulation of [H+] at this low concentration is crucial for normal cellular activities because H+ at higher concentrations can bind strongly to negatively charged proteins, including enzymes, and impair their function. (medscape.com)
Species2
- Antifreeze proteins are found in a variety of species that tolerate cold temperatures. (digitalworldbiology.com)
- We've been really inspired by the antifreeze proteins found in fish species," explains principal investigator Matthew Gibson. (nridigital.com)
Higher concentrations1
- Primary metabolites of S. antarctica varied according to the life-history phases: non-fertile specimens presented higher phycobiliprotein concentrations, tetrasporophytes presented higher chlorophyll a concentrations, and cystocarpic specimens presented higher concentrations of proteins, polysaccharides and floridean starch. (frontiersin.org)
MeSH1
- Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Crystals2
- Many fish in the Southern Ocean, including icefishes, produce antifreeze proteins to prevent ice crystals from forming in their blood when ocean temperatures drop below the freezing point of fresh water. (scientificamerican.com)
- These include antifreeze proteins, which prevent the formation of ice crystals in the body," said David Gruber, a biologist at CUNY'S Baruch College. (technewshq.online)
Enzymatic1
- molecular docking, enzymatic assays, protein crystallography and molecular biology. (ubc.ca)
Arctic2
- The Gibson Lab at the University of Warwick in the UK is looking into alternative cell and tissue cryopreservation techniques, motivated in part by proteins found in Arctic fish that have the remarkable ability to avoid freezing in polar waters. (nridigital.com)
- Watch the video: Luminous deep-sea fish survive arctic cold - with a natural antifreeze. (technewshq.online)
Genome2
- Additionally, perhaps due to lack of light in the deep sea, the Yap genome includes fewer copies of crystallin genes, which encode proteins that sense light and assist in focused vision, in comparison to other teleosts. (webot.org)
- Further, their genome includes increased amounts of genes encoding enzymes for beta oxidation and transport proteins, thereby increasing membrane fluidity. (webot.org)
Structures3
- These structures are from aligned pairs of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant influenza proteins bound to different types of antiviral drugs. (digitalworldbiology.com)
- These structures show human proteins where missense mutations are associated with disease. (digitalworldbiology.com)
- Investigate structures of DNA and determine if other molecules (protein or other chemicals) are bound in the major groove of the DNA or the minor groove. (digitalworldbiology.com)
Carbohydrates2
- Then, we tested the hypothesis if the variation on primary metabolites (pigments, proteins and carbohydrates) are related to the life history phases of Sarcopeltis antarctica and Sarcopeltis skottsbergii , and/or are influenced by abiotic factors. (frontiersin.org)
- This collection contains the four major types of biochemicals: carbohydrates, fatty acids, nucleic acids, and proteins. (digitalworldbiology.com)
Substances2
- Plasma contains substances including blood cells and certain proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
- In addition, a variety of substances such as fuel, water, antifreeze, dust, and various combustion products such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metals, and metallic oxides accumulate in the oil. (cdc.gov)
Found1
- The genomes of both the Yap hadal Snailfish and Mariana hadal Snailfish have been found to contain an abundance of the fmo3 gene, which produces the trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) protein stabilizer. (webot.org)
Genes1
- Basically, one of the genes essential for the assembly of the hemoglobin protein is completely garbled in icefishes. (scientificamerican.com)
Specific1
- During her postdoctoral work at Stanford Medical School, she demonstrated that bacteria can localize regulatory proteins to specific intracellular regions to control signal transduction and the cell cycle, uncovering a new, unsuspected level of bacterial regulation. (stanford.edu)
Produce1
- They produce proteins that act like biological antifreeze to keep their sap from freezing. (urbanwildlifeguide.net)
Cold5
- Antifreeze in cars prevents the water in the radiator from freezing at cold temperatures. (technewshq.online)
- cold and ABA inducible protein kin1, possibly functions as an anti-freeze protein. (gifu-u.ac.jp)
- However, protein activity of GUS fused to the promoter of this gene is inhibited by cold treatment, suggesting an inhibition of the protein by increased transcript level. (gifu-u.ac.jp)
- Relationships between cold hardiness, and ice nucleating activity, glycerol and protein contents in the hemolymph of caterpillars, Aporia crataegi L. (cryoletters.org)
- Preliminary findings suggest a topical 'antifreeze' could protect the skin from frostbite and other cold injuries. (derm.city)
Fish1
- Gibson's team has been trying to recreate the properties of these fish proteins in an artificial polymer, attempting to control ice crystal growth for better cryopreservation. (nridigital.com)
Water1
- The gelatinous layer has a high water and low protein, lipid and carbohydrate content, therefore it can provide growth with low metabolic cost. (webot.org)
Major1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Antifreeze Proteins, Type II" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Glycoprotein1
- Fikrig and colleagues demonstrated that A. phagocytophilum appears to increase the ability of I. scapularis to survive in cold temperatures by upregulating an antifreeze glycoprotein. (medscape.com)