Antidepressive Agents
Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic
Substances that contain a fused three-ring moiety and are used in the treatment of depression. These drugs block the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into axon terminals and may block some subtypes of serotonin, adrenergic, and histamine receptors. However the mechanism of their antidepressant effects is not clear because the therapeutic effects usually take weeks to develop and may reflect compensatory changes in the central nervous system.
Mianserin
Swimming
Fluoxetine
Depression
Depressive Disorder
Holocaust
Garbage
Antipsychotic Agents
Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.
Endometrial Ablation Techniques
Distillation
Biofuels
Saccharum
Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests
Perphenazine
Risperidone
Cetirizine
Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic
Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating
A class of non-sedating drugs that bind to but do not activate histamine receptors (DRUG INVERSE AGONISM), thereby blocking the actions of histamine or histamine agonists. These antihistamines represent a heterogenous group of compounds with differing chemical structures, adverse effects, distribution, and metabolism. Compared to the early (first generation) antihistamines, these non-sedating antihistamines have greater receptor specificity, lower penetration of BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, and are less likely to cause drowsiness or psychomotor impairment.
Ionic Liquids
Absorbable Implants
Trichinella spiralis
Refuse Disposal
Bioelectric Energy Sources
Benzodiazepines
Emigration and Immigration
Histamine H1 Antagonists
Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.
Schizophrenia
Acculturation
Hepatitis Antibodies
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.
Emigrants and Immigrants
Cellulose
A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.
Clozapine
A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Clinical Trials as Topic
Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.
Molecular Structure
Haloperidol
A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)
Treatment Outcome
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Drug Design
The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.
Pyrimidines
Sirolimus
A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally, and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.
Psychotic Disorders
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Mutation
Structure-Activity Relationship
Oligonucleotides, Antisense
Crosses, Genetic
Base Sequence
Pregnancy
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Phenotype
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Follow-Up Studies
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Drug-Eluting Stents
Pedigree
Computer Simulation
Risk Factors
Genome
Chromosome Mapping
Neoplasms
Hepacivirus
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Amino Acid Sequence
Ethnic Groups
Retrospective Studies
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Models, Molecular
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Reactive Oxygen Species
Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. (1/684)
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Use of nicotine-replacement therapies and the antidepressant bupropion helps people stop smoking. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of sustained-release bupropion (244 subjects), a nicotine patch (244 subjects), bupropion and a nicotine patch (245 subjects), and placebo (160 subjects) for smoking cessation. Smokers with clinical depression were excluded. Treatment consisted of nine weeks of bupropion (150 mg a day for the first three days, and then 150 mg twice daily) or placebo, as well as eight weeks of nicotine-patch therapy (21 mg per day during weeks 2 through 7, 14 mg per day during week 8, and 7 mg per day during week 9) or placebo. The target day for quitting smoking was usually day 8. RESULTS: The abstinence rates at 12 months were 15.6 percent in the placebo group, as compared with 16.4 percent in the nicotine-patch group, 30.3 percent in the bupropion group (P<0.001), and 35.5 percent in the group given bupropion and the nicotine patch (P<0.001). By week 7, subjects in the placebo group had gained an average of 2.1 kg, as compared with a gain of 1.6 kg in the nicotine-patch group, a gain of 1.7 kg in the bupropion group, and a gain of 1.1 kg in the combined-treatment group (P<0.05). Weight gain at seven weeks was significantly less in the combined-treatment group than in the bupropion group and the placebo group (P<0.05 for both comparisons). A total of 311 subjects (34.8 percent) discontinued one or both medications. Seventy-nine subjects stopped treatment because of adverse events: 6 in the placebo group (3.8 percent), 16 in the nicotine-patch group (6.6 percent), 29 in the bupropion group (11.9 percent), and 28 in the combined-treatment group (11.4 percent). The most common adverse events were insomnia and headache. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with sustained-release bupropion alone or in combination with a nicotine patch resulted in significantly higher long-term rates of smoking cessation than use of either the nicotine patch alone or placebo. Abstinence rates were higher with combination therapy than with bupropion alone, but the difference was not statistically significant. (+info)Modeling geriatric depression in animals: biochemical and behavioral effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats. (2/684)
Geriatric depression exhibits biological and therapeutic differences relative to early-onset depression. We studied olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), a paradigm that shares major features of human depression, in young versus aged rats to determine mechanisms underlying these differences. Young OBX rats showed locomotor hyperactivity and a loss of passive avoidance and tactile startle. In contrast, aged OBX animals maintained avoidance and startle responses but showed greater locomotor stimulation; the aged group also exhibited decreased grooming and suppressed feeding with novel presentation of chocolate milk, effects which were not seen in young OBX. These behavioral contrasts were accompanied by greater atrophy of the frontal/parietal cortex and midbrain in aged OBX. Serotonin transporter sites were increased in the cortex and hippocampus of young OBX rats, but were decreased in the aged OBX group. Cell signaling cascades also showed age-dependent effects, with increased adenylyl cyclase responses to monoaminergic stimulation in young OBX but no change or a decrease in aged OBX. These data indicate that there are biological distinctions in effects of OBX in young and aged animals, which, if present in geriatric depression, provide a mechanistic basis for differences in biological markers and drug responses. OBX may provide a useful animal model with which to test therapeutic interventions for geriatric depression. (+info)Negative immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants: inhibition of interferon-gamma and stimulation of interleukin-10 secretion. (3/684)
There is now some evidence that major depression is accompanied by activation of the inflammatory response system. There is also some evidence that antidepressants may suppress the release of cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 by activated monocytes and IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) by activated T cells. This study was carried out to examine the effects of clomipramine, sertraline, and trazodone on the stimulated production of IFN gamma, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and IL-10, a negative immunoregulatory cytokine. Whole blood of nine healthy volunteers was stimulated with PHA, 5 micrograms/mL and LPS, 25 micrograms/mL for 72 hr with and without incubation with clomipramine, 10(-6) and 10(-9) M, sertraline, 10(-6) and 10(-8) M, and trazodone, 10(-6) and 10(-8) M. All three antidepressants significantly reduced IFN gamma secretion, whereas clomipramine and sertraline significantly increased IL-10 secretion in culture supernatant. All three antidepressants significantly reduced the IFN gamma/IL-10 ratio. The results suggest that antidepressants, at concentrations in the therapeutical range, have negative immunoregulatory effects through inhibition of IFN gamma and stimulation of IL-10 release. (+info)A cost-effective approach to the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. (4/684)
In light of the tremendous expansion in the number of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors available to the clinician, the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee of the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center considered the advantages and disadvantages of fluoxethine, paroxetine, and sertraline, to determine which agent or agents would be carried on the formulary. The committed recommended sertraline as the preferred agent for the treatment of depression, panic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the economic outcome of that decision. The study population consisted of patients at the medical center who were receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during January through March of 1994 and those were receiving these agents between September 1995 and January 1996. The expanded collection period in 1995-96 was due to a relatively new medical center policy to offer 90-day fills on medication to reduce costs. The extended collection period assured a 100% sample of patients receiving these agents. The 1994 fluoxetine to sertraline dosage equivalency ratio was 20 mg:55.6 mg, based on average daily doses of fluoxetine and sertraline of 32.7 and 90.9 mg, respectively. The cost to the medical center for an average daily dose of fluoxetine was $1.86; sertraline cost $1.22 per day. The 1996 fluoxetine to sertraline dosage equivalency ratio (20 mg:51.3 mg) had not changed significantly since 1994, indicating that the dose of 20 mg of fluoxetine remained very close to a 50-mg dose of sertraline. The average daily doses of fluoxetine and sertraline (34.9 mg and 89.7 mg, respectively) were not significantly different than the 1994 doses. Only 33 patients had been prescribed paroxetine (average daily dose, 32.4 mg). On the basis of these values, the average daily cost of fluoxetine to the medical center was $2.01, compared with $1.18 for sertraline and $1.24 for paroxetine. This $0.83 per patient per day drug acquisition cost difference between fluoxetine and sertraline results in a drug cost reduction of $302,674 per year. (+info)Effectiveness and economic impact of antidepressant medications: a review. (5/684)
This article reviews the existing literature on the pharmacoeconomics and effectiveness of antidepressant medications. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have not proved to be more efficacious than the older tricyclics, and their prescription costs are significantly higher, they provide superior effectiveness; ie, patients are less likely to discontinue taking them or switch antidepressants. Pharmacoeconomic studies consistently demonstrate a relationship between this superior effectiveness and reductions in overall treatment costs, often through decreased utilization of medical and hospital services. The most conservative study found a cost offset that more than negated the extra cost of drugs, although the cost savings were not statistically significant. Other studies found statistically significant lowering of utilization costs by using SSRIs rather than tricyclics. Studies comparing SSRIs with each other present conflicting findings, although fluoxetine appears to have an edge over sertraline and paroxetine with regards to effectiveness and pharmacoeconomics. More studies employing a prospective outcome design and naturalistic study setting need to be conducted with SSRIs and other new antidepressants. (+info)Course of antidepressant treatment with tricyclic versus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor agents: a comparison in managed care and fee-for-service environments. (6/684)
We compared course of treatment with tricyclic antidepressant drugs (TCADs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to assess interactive effects of antidepressant type with payer type and patient characteristics. A nationwide sampling of adults (n = 4,252) from approximately equal numbers of health maintenance organization (HMO) and indemnity enrollees were prescribed no antidepressants for 9 months, and thereafter prescribed a TCAD or SSRI. Using a retrospective analysis of prescription claims, these cohorts of TCAD and SSRI utilizers were followed for 13 to 16 months after their initial antidepressant prescription. Outcome measures included (1) termination of antidepressant treatment before 1 month; and (2) failure to receive at least one therapeutic dose during treatment lasting 3 months or more. Rates of premature termination and subtherapeutic dosing were significantly higher for TCAD-treated than SSRI-treated patients, and for HMO than indemnity enrollees. The interaction of HMO enrollment and TCAD use was associated with particularly high rates. Excluding patients terminating in the first month, the proportions of TCAD and SSRI utilizers remaining in treatment over time were not significantly different. We conclude that SSRIs may provide advantages in treatment adherence and therapeutic dosing, particularly in environments with limited prescriber time. The first month of treatment may be especially critical in determining compliance. (+info)Incidence and risk factors for hyponatraemia following treatment with fluoxetine or paroxetine in elderly people. (7/684)
AIMS: To establish the incidence, time course and risk factors of hyponatraemia complicating treatment with fluoxetine or paroxetine in an elderly population. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive and case control study in an inpatient/outpatient assessment and rehabilitation service for people aged 65 years and over. Fourteen elderly patients with hyponatraemia complicating treatment with fluoxetine or paroxetine, matched with 56 controls drawn from 845 patients treated with fluoxetine or paroxetine over 3.5 years. No other SSRI antidepressants were used over the study period. RESULTS: The incidence of hyponatraemia was 4.7/1000 people treated/year (6.3/1000 for fluoxetine and 3.5/1000 for paroxetine). Hyponatraemia was detected at a median 13.5 (mean 18.6, range 4-64) days after commencing the drug. Mean (95% confidence intervals) body weights were lower in cases at 53.0 (95% CI 46.5-59.5) kg compared with controls at 64.5 (95% CI 60.1-68.4) kg (P<0.01). 71% of cases were women compared with 45% of controls (P=0.07) but the effect of gender was confounded by body weight. There were trends for cases to be older (odds ratio 1.10: 95% CI 0.99, 1.23) and lighter (odds ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.86, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 200 elderly people treated per year with fluoxetine or paroxetine developed complicating hyponatraemia. Low body weight was a particular risk factor. Most cases occurred within 3 weeks of treatment. (+info)Effects of fluoxetine on the polysomnogram in outpatients with major depression. (8/684)
This study investigated the effects of open-label fluoxetine (20 mg/d) on the polysomnogram (PSG) in depressed outpatients (n = 58) who were treated for 5 weeks, after which dose escalation was available (< or = 40 mg/d), based on clinical judgment. Thirty-six patients completed all 10 weeks of acute phase treatment and responded (HRS-D < or = 10). PSG assessments were conducted and subjective sleep evaluations were gathered at baseline and at weeks 1, 5, and 10. Of the 36 subjects who completed the acute phase, 17 were reevaluated after 30 weeks on continuation phase treatment and 13 after approximately 7 weeks (range 6-8 weeks) following medication discontinuation. Acute phase treatment in responders was associated with significant increases in REM latency, Stage 1 sleep, and REM density, as well as significant decreases in sleep efficiency, total REM sleep, and Stage 2 sleep. Conversely, subjective measures of sleep indicated a steady improvement during acute phase treatment. After fluoxetine was discontinued, total REM sleep and sleep efficiency were found to be increased as compared to baseline. (+info)
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Sertraline
"Sertraline versus other antidepressive agents for depression". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD006117. doi: ... Hansen RA, Gaynes BN, Gartlehner G, Moore CG, Tiwari R, Lohr KN (May 2008). "Efficacy and tolerability of second-generation ... For example, a meta-analysis of 12 new-generation antidepressants showed that sertraline and escitalopram are the best in terms ... Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E (May 1994). "Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation ...
Second-generation antidepressant
Second-Generation+Antidepressive+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Diagrams at ... The term "third generation antidepressant" is sometimes used to refer to newer antidepressants, from the 1990s and 2000s, often ... The second-generation antidepressants are a class of antidepressants characterized primarily by the era of their introduction, ... This list is not exhaustive, and different sources vary upon which items should be considered second-generation. Amineptine ...
Paroxetine
"Paroxetine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD006531. doi: ... Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g., brompheniramine, buclizine, captodiame, chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine), cinnarizine ... See also: Receptor/signaling modulators • Monoamine releasing agents • Adrenergics • Dopaminergics • Serotonergics • Monoamine ... Owens JM, Knight DL, Nemeroff CB (2002-08-01). "[Second generation SSRIS: human monoamine transporter binding profile of ...
Milnacipran
"Milnacipran versus other antidepressive agents for depression". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 8 (3): CD006529. ... a potential fourth generation antidepressant drug". Neuropharmacology. 24 (12): 1211-9. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(85)90157-1. PMID ... acceptability and tolerability when comparing milnacipran with other antidepressant agents. However, compared with TCAs, ...
Paroxetine
"Paroxetine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD006531. doi: ... Owens, J. M.; Knight, D. L.; Nemeroff, C. B. (2002-08-01). "[Second generation SSRIS: human monoamine transporter binding ... Owens, MJ; Knight, DL; Nemeroff, CB (1 September 2001). "Second-generation SSRIs: human monoamine transporter binding profile ... 28 February 2009). "Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta- ...
Moclobemide
Tikal K, Hrabánková M (June 1993). "[Indications for antidepressive agents in relation to diseases of the cardiovascular system ... Cesura AM, Pletscher A (1992). The new generation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Prog Drug Res. 38. pp. 171-297. doi:10.1007/ ... De Vanna, M; Kummer, J; Agnoli, A; Gentili, P; Lorizio, A; Anand, R (1990). "Moclobemide compared with second-generation ... Gram LF (September 1994). "[Antidepressive drug therapy, suicidal ideation and suicide, 2 cases reported in connection with ...
Dopamine agonist
... first-generation and newer agents. Ergoline derived agonists are the first generation and are not used as much as the newer ... further research is crucial to establish the anti-depressive effects of dopamine agonists in treating depressive symptoms and ... Ergoline-derived agents, bromocriptine and cabergoline are mostly used in treatment. Research shows that these agents reduce ... dopamine reuptake inhibitors and dopamine releasing agents. The most commonly prescribed indirect agonists of dopamine ...
List of MeSH codes (D27)
... antidepressive agents MeSH D27.505.954.427.700.122.050 - antidepressive agents, second-generation MeSH D27.505.954.427.700.122. ... antiviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077 - anti-retroviral agents MeSH D27.505.954.122.388.077.088 - anti-hiv agents MeSH ... tocolytic agents MeSH D27.505.954.016 - anti-allergic agents MeSH D27.505.954.122 - anti-infective agents MeSH D27.505.954.122. ... tranquilizing agents MeSH D27.505.696.277.950.015 - anti-anxiety agents MeSH D27.505.696.277.950.025 - antimanic agents MeSH ...
Tricyclic antidepressant
Tricyclic+Antidepressive+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). ... Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E (1994). "Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation ... having been replaced by more effective agents with fewer side effects such as atomoxetine (Strattera, Tomoxetin) and stimulants ...
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Risk of overdose is increased in patients taking multiple serotonergic agents or interacting agents. Symptoms of SNRI overdose ... Over the past two decades, second-generation antidepressants have simply replaced first-generation antidepressants, such as ... Venlafaxine was the first compound described in a new class of antidepressive substances called phenylethylamines. These ... Agents with dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (SNRIs) are sometimes called non-tricyclic serotonin and ...
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Over the past two decades, second-generation antidepressants have gradually replaced first-generation antidepressants, such as ... Selectivity of antidepressant agents are based on the neurotransmitters that are thought to influence symptoms of depression.[ ... Venlafaxine was the first compound described in a new class of antidepressive substances called phenylethylamines. These ... Agents with dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (SNRIs) are sometimes called non-tricyclic serotonin and ...
Trimipramine
The drug is described as an atypical or "second-generation" TCA because, unlike other TCAs, it seems to be a fairly weak ... ISBN 978-0-915274-23-9. I.K. Morton; Judith M. Hall (6 December 2012). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties ... Berger M, Gastpar M (1996). "Trimipramine: a challenge to current concepts on antidepressives". Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin ... Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E (1994). "Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation ...
Lysergic acid diethylamide
These include psychedelic agents, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Dolder PC, Schmid Y, ... Veysey they profoundly influenced the thinking of the new generation of youth.[109] ... "Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects of ayahuasca, psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): a ... "Evaluating LSD as a psychotherapeutic agent". In Hoffer A (ed.). A program for the treatment of alcoholism: LSD, malvaria, and ...
Lysergic acid diethylamide
These include psychedelic agents, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) Dolder PC, Schmid Y, Haschke M, Rentsch KM, Liechti ... Dos Santos RG, Osório FL, Crippa JA, Riba J, Zuardi AW, Hallak JE (June 2016). "Antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive ... Veysey they profoundly influenced the thinking of the new generation of youth. On October 24, 1968, possession of LSD was made ... "Evaluating LSD as a psychotherapeutic agent". In Hoffer A (ed.). A program for the treatment of alcoholism: LSD, malvaria, and ...
Neurobiological effects of physical exercise
Brené S, Bjørnebekk A, Aberg E, Mathé AA, Olson L, Werme M (2007). "Running is rewarding and antidepressive". Physiol. Behav. ... The clinical actions of fluoxetine, like those of many neuropharmacologic agents, reflect drug-induced neural plasticity, which ... the generation of new neurons postnatally). Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 8:Atypical Neurotransmitters". In ...
Generalized anxiety disorder
"Citalopram versus other anti-depressive agents for depression". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD006534. doi: ... Tiagabine Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) Olanzapine (evidence of effectiveness is merely a trend) Ziprasidone ... Like other serotonergic agents, SNRIs have the potential to cause serotonin syndrome, a potentially fatal systemic response to ... Overdose of an SSRI or concomitant use with another agent that causes increased levels of serotonin can result in serotonin ...
Հակադեպրեսանտներ - Վիքիպեդիա՝ ազատ հանրագիտարան
Incidence of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant agents: a prospective multicenter study of 1022 outpatients. ... From a 2500-year-old apotropic comes a current antidepressive. The cultural history and mistique of St. John's wort]։ Pharmazie ... Efficacy and Tolerability of Second-Generation Antidepressants in Social Anxiety Disorder»։ International Clinical ... of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and inhibition of phosphodiesterase by multi-target inhibitors as potential agents for ...
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Over the past two decades, second-generation antidepressants have simply replaced first-generation antidepressants, such as ... Risk of overdose is increased in patients taking multiple serotonergic agents or interacting agents. ... Venlafaxine was the first compound described in a new class of antidepressive substances called phenylethylamines. These ... Agents with dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (SNRIs) are sometimes called non-tricyclic serotonin and ...
The Role of Serotonin in Hot Flashes After Breast Cancer - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Bupropion and Weight Control for Smoking Cessation - 1 - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Escitalopram for the Treatment of Depression in Alzheimer's Disease - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Long Term Treatment of Panic Disorder With Clonazepam or Paroxetine - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Desvenlafaxine - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed) - NCBI Bookshelf
Demolox
-
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Dopamine Antagonists, ...
Toxic manifestations of amoxapine overdosage differ significantly from those of other tricyclic antidepressants. Serious cardiovascular effects are seldom if ever observed. However, CNS effects, particularly grand mal convulsions, occur frequently, and treatment should be directed primarily toward prevention or control of seizures. Status epilepticus may develop and constitutes a neurologic emergency. Coma and acidosis are other serious complications of substantial amoxapine overdosage in some cases. Renal failure may develop two to five days after toxic overdose in patients who may appear otherwise recovered. Acute tubular necrosis with rhabdomuolysis and myolobinurla is the most common renal complication in such cases. This reaction probably occurs in less than 5% of overdose cases, and typically in those who have experienced multiple seizures ...
CYP2B6 and bupropion's smoking-cessation pharmacology: the role of hydroxybupropion
Escitalopram (Lexapro) use while Breastfeeding
The Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale: assessment of its evaluative properties over the course of an 8-week pediatric...
Diabetes: Cardiovascular Illness | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural
Pharmacological Actions : Antidepressive Agents: Second-Generation. [+] Resveratrol may prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic ... Pharmacological Actions : Cardioprotective, Hypoglycemic Agents, Vasodilator Agents. Additional Keywords : Drug Synergy, ... Pharmacological Actions : Hypoglycemic Agents, Interleukin-6 Downregulation, Interleukin-8 downregulation, Tumor Necrosis ... Pine bark extract reduces thromboxane generation in diabetic rats.Mar 01, 2008. ...
Diabetes: Glycation/A1C | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine
L-Tryptophan | C11H12N2O2 | ChemSpider
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of suicide: a controlled forensic database study of 14,857...
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
0 (Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation); 0 (Antipsychotic Agents); 0 (Fat Emulsions, Intravenous); 0DHU5B8D6V (Citalopram ... 0 (Anti-Anxiety Agents); 0 (Antidepressive Agents); 0 (Antiemetics); 12794-10-4 (Benzodiazepines); 250PJI13LM (Mianserin); ... 0 (Anti-Anxiety Agents); 0 (Fibrinolytic Agents); EC 3.4.21.68 (Tissue Plasminogen Activator); X015L14V0O (Bromazepam). ... 0 (Antipsychotic Agents); 0 (Cyclopropanes); 0 (Fixatives); 0 (Narcotics); 1HG84L3525 (Formaldehyde); 44RAL3456C ( ...
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment trial of fluoxetine and graded exercise for chronic fatigue syndrome. |...
Internet Scientific Publications
Browse Cochrane - Essential Evidence Plus
Sertraline versus other antidepressive agents for depression Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2010 The National Institute ... The question as to whether and, if so, how much the effects of the various second generation ... In many countries of the industrialised world second generation (atypical) antipsychotics have become the first line drug ...
Effect of Escitalopram vs Placebo Treatment for Depression on Long-term Cardiac Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary...
Sertraline - Wikipedia
"Sertraline versus other antidepressive agents for depression". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (4): CD006117. doi: ... Hansen RA, Gaynes BN, Gartlehner G, Moore CG, Tiwari R, Lohr KN (May 2008). "Efficacy and tolerability of second-generation ... For example, a meta-analysis of 12 new-generation antidepressants showed that sertraline and escitalopram are the best in terms ... Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E (May 1994). "Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation ...
Intermittent Explosive Disorder disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials
Combat Disorder disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials
Comparative Effectiveness of Second Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression - An Update...
... we began with a focused PubMed search on second-generation antidepressive agents and depressive disorder using MeSH terms. ... We ran a supplemental query in PubMed on March 3, 2010 specific to immediate release and extended release antidepressive agents ... If a patient has responded to one agent in the past, is that agent better than current pharmacologic alternatives at treating ... In general, the figure illustrates how second generation antidepressants versus other second generation antidepressants may ...
Em A, radiografia de tórax na admissão hospitalar mos | Open-i
Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse effects*. *Cardiomyopathies/chemically induced*/diagnosis. *Cyclohexanols/ ... The patient was concomitantly taking Centella asiatica and Fucus vesiculosus as phytotherapeutic agents. Chest CT angiography ... The patient was concomitantly taking Centella asiatica and Fucus vesiculosus as phytotherapeutic agents. Chest CT angiography ...
ChemIDplus - 34911-55-2 - SNPPWIUOZRMYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Bupropion [INN:BAN] - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas,...
Second-generation antidepressant - Wikipedia
Second-Generation+Antidepressive+Agents at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Diagrams at ... The term "third generation antidepressant" is sometimes used to refer to newer antidepressants, from the 1990s and 2000s, often ... The second-generation antidepressants are a class of antidepressants characterized primarily by the era of their introduction, ... This list is not exhaustive, and different sources vary upon which items should be considered second-generation. Amineptine ...
Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma - Trip Database
Major Depressive Disorder
- Major Depressive Disorders
Summary Report | CureHunter
Drugs and Important Biological Agents (IBA) related to Major Depressive Disorder: 1. Antidepressive Agents (Antidepressants)IBA ... 12/01/2009 - "Treatment with the newer generation antidepressants is considered generally effective for most patients with ... 12/01/2005 - "Although serotonin reuptake inhibitors are recommended as first-line agents for major depressive disorder, ... but long-term data are needed to establish whether this agent confers persistent benefits. ". 06/01/1996 - "The results from ...
Find Research Outputs
- the UWA Profiles and Research Repository
Antidepressant Drugs for Prevention of Acute and Chronic Postsurgical Pain:Early Evidence and Recommended Future Directions |...
"Antidepressive Agents" OR "Antidepressive Agents, Second Generation" OR "Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic" OR "Serotonin Agents ... inhibitors/or exp serotonin agents/or exp serotonin receptor agonists/or exp antidepressive agents/or exp antidepressive agents ... Antidepressive agents or monoamine oxidase inhibitors or serotonin uptake inhibitors or norepinephrine uptake inhibitors and ... A multimodal analgesic approach is commonly used3,4 ; however, currently using agents such as opioids,5 local anesthetics,6 ...
Antidepressants16
- For example, a meta-analysis of 12 new-generation antidepressants showed that sertraline and escitalopram are the best in terms of efficacy and acceptability in the acute-phase treatment of adults with depression. (wikipedia.org)
- Pharmacotherapy dominates the medical management of depressive disorders and may include first-generation antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and more recently developed second-generation antidepressants. (ahrq.gov)
- However, first-generation antidepressants often produce multiple side effects that many patients find intolerable, and the risk for harm when taken in overdose or in combination with certain medications is high. (ahrq.gov)
- Because of their relatively favorable side effect profile, the second-generation antidepressants play a prominent role in the management of patients with major depressive disorder and are the focus of this review. (ahrq.gov)
- For adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, or subsyndromal depressive disorders, do second-generation antidepressants differ in efficacy or effectiveness in treating depressive symptoms? (ahrq.gov)
- Are there any differences in efficacy or effectiveness between immediate release and extended release formulations of second-generation antidepressants? (ahrq.gov)
- For adults with a depressive syndrome that has not responded to acute antidepressant treatment or has relapsed during continuation phase treatment, do alternative second-generation antidepressants differ in their efficacy or effectiveness? (ahrq.gov)
- The second-generation antidepressants are a class of antidepressants characterized primarily by the era of their introduction, approximately coinciding with the 1970s and 1980s, rather than by their chemical structure or by their pharmacological effect. (wikipedia.org)
- Third-generation antidepressants: do they offer advantages over the SSRIs? (wikipedia.org)
- Children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) appear to be more responsive to placebo than adults in randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) of second and newer generation antidepressants (SNG-AD). (springer.com)
- Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. (nih.gov)
- Network Meta-Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of New Generation Antidepressants. (nih.gov)
- BACKGROUND: Conventional meta-analyses have shown inconsistent results for efficacy of second-generation antidepressants. (ox.ac.uk)
- We therefore did a multiple-treatments meta-analysis, which accounts for both direct and indirect comparisons, to assess the effects of 12 new-generation antidepressants on major depression. (ox.ac.uk)
- Comparative efficacy and acceptability of first-generation and second-generation antidepressants in the acute treatment of major depression: protocol for a network meta-analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here, we present a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed at updating the evidence base and comparing all second-generation as well as selected first-generation antidepressants in terms of efficacy and acceptability in the acute treatment of major depression. (ox.ac.uk)
Citalopram2
Fluoxetine2
- Although fluoxetine should be added to formularies, its use should be reserved for treatment of those who do not respond to or do not tolerate tricyclic agents. (uthscsa.edu)
- The antidepressant agents were significantly more efficacious than the placebos, and venlafaxine was more efficacious than fluoxetine. (biomedcentral.com)
Selective serotonin1
- These second-generation treatments include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). (ahrq.gov)
Depression3
- Search terms included venlafaxine extended-release, venlafaxine XR, treatment-resistant depression, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, and antidepressive agents second generation.RESULTS: With its dual action of serotonin and noradrenergic reuptake inhibition, venlafaxine has been shown to be superior in efficacy to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for severe major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression, and depressive symptom remission. (biopsychiatry.com)
- Escitalopram versus other antidepressive agents for depression. (nih.gov)
- Randomised controlled trials allocating adult participants with major depression to agomelatine versus any other antidepressive agent. (unboundmedicine.com)
Serotonin1
- A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. (t3db.ca)
Bupropion1
- This study examined the effect of bupropion XL, an extended release formulation of the nonserotonergic antidepressant agent bupropion, using a paradigm that investigated both negative emotional response and attentional processing. (duke.edu)
MeSH1
- Adrenergic Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Second-generation antidepressant2
Anxiety1
- This agent was significantly superior to buspirone on the HAD anxiety subscale. (duke.edu)
Major4
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Adrenergic Agents" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Adrenergic Agents" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Second-generation antipsychotics in major depressive disorder: update and clinical perspective. (semanticscholar.org)
- PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this systematic review was to examine the efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in nonpsychotic major depressive disorder (MDD). (semanticscholar.org)
- CONCLUSION: Venlafaxine XR is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated once-daily anxiolytic agent in patients with GAD without comorbid major depressive disorder. (duke.edu)
Antidepressant agents1
- As with other antidepressant agents, several weeks of therapy may be required before a clinical effect is seen. (t3db.ca)
Antipsychotic1
- The antidepressant drugs and ECS did not alter VGLUT1 mRNA abundance after acute administration, and no change was detected after repeated treatment with the antipsychotic agents, haloperidol and chlorpromazine. (ox.ac.uk)
Drugs1
- Adaptogenic drugs are those which are useful as anti-stress agents by promoting non-specific resistance of the body. (isharonline.org)
Pharmacological1
- Pharmacological and fluid agents, when used as an adjunct during pelvic surgery for the prevention of adhesions, may not improve pregnancy outcomes or pain. (essentialevidenceplus.com)
Effectiveness1
- Because the effectiveness of these agents has been based largely on improvement in subjective reporting of hot flashes, it is not clear whether benefits are due to physiological effects on hot flashes or due to improvements in mood or other related symptoms. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Resistance1
- most of these agents are merely bacteriostatic, induce resistance in the organisms, and may be toxic. (healthmatics.info)
Extract1
- Polypodium leucotomos extract is a commonly used systemic photoprotective agent. (nel.edu)
Actions1
- Actions in models of potential antidepressive and anxiolytic activity in comparison with ropinirole. (dgidb.org)