AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
AnticonvulsantsPentylenetetrazolePhenytoinSeizuresCarbamazepineConvulsantsElectroshockPrimidoneEthosuximideEpilepsyValproic AcidSemicarbazonesClonazepamPhenobarbitalKindling, NeurologicCyclohexanecarboxylic AcidsDiazepamTriazinesEpilepsy, ReflexEpilepsy, Tonic-ClonicPhenylenediaminesAminesPregnanoloneTrimethadioneVigabatrinNipecotic Acidsgamma-Aminobutyric AcidDose-Response Relationship, DrugPhenylcarbamatesStatus EpilepticusPilocarpineReceptor, Galanin, Type 1Drug InteractionsEpilepsy, Complex PartialOsteomalaciaPassifloraEpilepsy, GeneralizedKetogenic DietBarbituratesDisease Models, AnimalPiracetamCalcium Metabolism DisordersReceptors, GABA-ANeurotoxicity SyndromesInjections, IntraperitonealBenzodiazepinesReceptor, Galanin, Type 2GABA ModulatorsChlormethiazoleDibenzocycloheptenesAbnormalities, Drug-InducedHippocampusElectroencephalographyCarbamatesOxazepamRats, Sprague-DawleyPropylene GlycolsBenzyl CompoundsFinasterideSuccinimidesRats, WistarGABA AgentsPicrotoxinAnti-Anxiety AgentsAlcohol Withdrawal SeizuresParaldehydeHypnotics and SedativesAntimanic AgentsFructoseEpilepsies, PartialEpilepsy, Post-TraumaticTeratogenesisFlumazenilDrug HypersensitivityAnalgesicsHydantoinsSpiro CompoundsEpilepsy, AbsenceKainic AcidStructure-Activity RelationshipDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalMotor ActivityBrainBenzodiazepinonesMephenytoinSodium ChannelsAcorusPimpinellaStevens-Johnson Syndrome4-Aminobutyrate TransaminaseKCNQ2 Potassium ChannelIndazolesKCNQ3 Potassium ChannelEpilepsy, Temporal LobeDrug ToleranceN-MethylaspartateSodium Channel BlockersFIGLU TestOintment BasesSpasms, Infantile
Anticonvulsants
Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.
Pentylenetetrazole
A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.
Phenytoin
An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."
Carbamazepine
An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but some of its actions resemble those of PHENYTOIN; although there is little chemical resemblance between the two compounds, their three-dimensional structure is similar.
Convulsants
Substances that act in the brain stem or spinal cord to produce tonic or clonic convulsions, often by removing normal inhibitory tone. They were formerly used to stimulate respiration or as antidotes to barbiturate overdose. They are now most commonly used as experimental tools.
Electroshock
Induction of a stress reaction in experimental subjects by means of an electrical shock; applies to either convulsive or non-convulsive states.
Primidone
An antiepileptic agent related to the barbiturates; it is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite. Adverse effects are reported to be more frequent than with PHENOBARBITAL. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p309)
Ethosuximide
An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)
Valproic Acid
A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of voltage dependent sodium channels.
Semicarbazones
Clonazepam
An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.
Phenobarbital
A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.
Kindling, Neurologic
The repeated weak excitation of brain structures, that progressively increases sensitivity to the same stimulation. Over time, this can lower the threshold required to trigger seizures.
Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids
Diazepam
A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.
Triazines
Heterocyclic rings containing three nitrogen atoms, commonly in 1,2,4 or 1,3,5 or 2,4,6 formats. Some are used as HERBICIDES.
Epilepsy, Reflex
A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (From Neurol Clin 1994 Feb;12(1):57-8)
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)
Phenylenediamines
Amines
A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Pregnanolone
A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.
Trimethadione
An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378)
Vigabatrin
An analogue of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. It is an irreversible inhibitor of 4-AMINOBUTYRATE TRANSAMINASE, the enzyme responsible for the catabolism of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
Nipecotic Acids
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Phenylcarbamates
Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea.
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)
Pilocarpine
A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.
Receptor, Galanin, Type 1
The most abundant galanin receptor subtype. It displays a high affinity for the full-length form of GALANIN.
Drug Interactions
The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.
Epilepsy, Complex Partial
A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.
Passiflora
A plant genus of the family Passifloraceae, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. They are vines with ornamental flowers and edible fruit.
Epilepsy, Generalized
Recurrent conditions characterized by epileptic seizures which arise diffusely and simultaneously from both hemispheres of the brain. Classification is generally based upon motor manifestations of the seizure (e.g., convulsive, nonconvulsive, akinetic, atonic, etc.) or etiology (e.g., idiopathic, cryptogenic, and symptomatic). (From Mayo Clin Proc, 1996 Apr;71(4):405-14)
Ketogenic Diet
A course of food intake that is high in FATS and low in CARBOHYDRATES. This diet provides sufficient PROTEINS for growth but insufficient amount of carbohydrates for the energy needs of the body. A ketogenic diet generates 80-90% of caloric requirements from fats and the remainder from proteins.
Barbiturates
A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Piracetam
A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.
Calcium Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.
Receptors, GABA-A
Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and contain an integral membrane chloride channel. Each receptor is assembled as a pentamer from a pool of at least 19 different possible subunits. The receptors belong to a superfamily that share a common CYSTEINE loop.
Neurotoxicity Syndromes
Neurologic disorders caused by exposure to toxic substances through ingestion, injection, cutaneous application, or other method. This includes conditions caused by biologic, chemical, and pharmaceutical agents.
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.
Benzodiazepines
A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.
Receptor, Galanin, Type 2
A galanin receptor subtype with broad specificity for full length GALANIN, galanin peptide fragments and GALANIN-LIKE PEPTIDE.
GABA Modulators
Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here.
Chlormethiazole
A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.
Dibenzocycloheptenes
A family of tricyclic hydrocarbons whose members include many of the commonly used tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC).
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
Electroencephalography
Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.
Carbamates
Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.
Oxazepam
A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Propylene Glycols
Derivatives of propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol). They are used as humectants and solvents in pharmaceutical preparations.
Benzyl Compounds
Finasteride
An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.
Succinimides
A subclass of IMIDES with the general structure of pyrrolidinedione. They are prepared by the distillation of ammonium succinate. They are sweet-tasting compounds that are used as chemical intermediates and plant growth stimulants.
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
GABA Agents
Substances used for their pharmacological actions on GABAergic systems. GABAergic agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation or uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.
Picrotoxin
A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.
Anti-Anxiety Agents
Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.
Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures
A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174)
Paraldehyde
A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9)
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.
Antimanic Agents
Agents that are used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders.
Fructose
A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding.
Epilepsies, Partial
Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)
Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic
Recurrent seizures causally related to CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Seizure onset may be immediate but is typically delayed for several days after the injury and may not occur for up to two years. The majority of seizures have a focal onset that correlates clinically with the site of brain injury. Cerebral cortex injuries caused by a penetrating foreign object (CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, PENETRATING) are more likely than closed head injuries (HEAD INJURIES, CLOSED) to be associated with epilepsy. Concussive convulsions are nonepileptic phenomena that occur immediately after head injury and are characterized by tonic and clonic movements. (From Rev Neurol 1998 Feb;26(150):256-261; Sports Med 1998 Feb;25(2):131-6)
Teratogenesis
The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.
Flumazenil
A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.
Analgesics
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
Hydantoins
Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.
Spiro Compounds
A group of compounds consisting in part of two rings sharing one atom (usually a carbon) in common.
Epilepsy, Absence
A childhood seizure disorder characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)
Kainic Acid
(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.
Structure-Activity Relationship
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.
Motor Activity
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Benzodiazepinones
Mephenytoin
An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.
Sodium Channels
Ion channels that specifically allow the passage of SODIUM ions. A variety of specific sodium channel subtypes are involved in serving specialized functions such as neuronal signaling, CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, and KIDNEY function.
Acorus
A plant genus of the family ACORACEAE, order Arales, subclass Arecidae most notable for Acorus calamus L. root which contains asarone and has been used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE.
Pimpinella
A plant genus in the family APIACEAE (Umbelliferae) that is used in SPICES and is a source of anethole.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.
4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase
An enzyme that converts brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID) into succinate semialdehyde, which can be converted to succinic acid and enter the citric acid cycle. It also acts on beta-alanine. EC 2.6.1.19.
KCNQ2 Potassium Channel
A very slow opening and closing voltage-gated potassium channel that is expressed in NEURONS and is commonly mutated in BENIGN FAMILIAL NEONATAL CONVULSIONS.
Indazoles
KCNQ3 Potassium Channel
A very slow opening and closing voltage-gated potassium channel that is expressed in NEURONS and is closely related to KCNQ2 POTASSIUM CHANNEL. It is commonly mutated in BENIGN FAMILIAL NEONATAL CONVULSIONS.
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe
A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321)
Drug Tolerance
Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.
N-Methylaspartate
An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).
Sodium Channel Blockers
A class of drugs that act by inhibition of sodium influx through cell membranes. Blockade of sodium channels slows the rate and amplitude of initial rapid depolarization, reduces cell excitability, and reduces conduction velocity.
FIGLU Test
A urine test for formiminoglutamic acid, an intermediate metabolite in L-histidine catabolism in the conversion of L-histidine to L-glutamic acid. It may be an indicator of vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency or liver disease.
Ointment Bases
Various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons; vehicles for medicinal substances intended for external application; there are four classes: hydrocarbon base, absorption base, water-removable base and water-soluble base; several are also emollients.
Spasms, Infantile
An epileptic syndrome characterized by the triad of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and arrest of psychomotor development at seizure onset. The majority present between 3-12 months of age, with spasms consisting of combinations of brief flexor or extensor movements of the head, trunk, and limbs. The condition is divided into two forms: cryptogenic (idiopathic) and symptomatic (secondary to a known disease process such as intrauterine infections; nervous system abnormalities; BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC, INBORN; prematurity; perinatal asphyxia; TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS; etc.). (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp744-8)
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Bicuculline
An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.
Receptors, Glycine
Cell surface receptors that bind GLYCINE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glycine receptors in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM have an intrinsic chloride channel and are usually inhibitory.
Formularies, Hospital
Formularies concerned with pharmaceuticals prescribed in hospitals.
Midazolam
A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
Epilepsies, Myoclonic
A clinically diverse group of epilepsy syndromes characterized either by myoclonic seizures or by myoclonus in association with other seizure types. Myoclonic epilepsy syndromes are divided into three subtypes based on etiology: familial, cryptogenic, and symptomatic (i.e., occurring secondary to known disease processes such as infections, hypoxic-ischemic injuries, trauma, etc.).
Muscle Relaxants, Central
A heterogeneous group of drugs used to produce muscle relaxation, excepting the neuromuscular blocking agents. They have their primary clinical and therapeutic uses in the treatment of muscle spasm and immobility associated with strains, sprains, and injuries of the back and, to a lesser degree, injuries to the neck. They have been used also for the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions that have in common only the presence of skeletal muscle hyperactivity, for example, the muscle spasms that can occur in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p358)
Doxepin
A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.
Hydroxycholecalciferols
Hydroxy analogs of vitamin D 3; (CHOLECALCIFEROL); including CALCIFEDIOL; CALCITRIOL; and 24,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D 3.
Flurothyl
A convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy.
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Consciousness Monitors
Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.
Lorazepam
A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.
Bemegride
A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.
Antidepressive Agents
Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.
Meprobamate
A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)
Craniotomy
Any operation on the cranium or incision into the cranium. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Dizocilpine Maleate
A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.
Polygalaceae
A plant family of the order Polygalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.
Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors
Drugs that inhibit the transport of neurotransmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. For many transmitters, uptake determines the time course of transmitter action so inhibiting uptake prolongs the activity of the transmitter. Blocking uptake may also deplete available transmitter stores. Many clinically important drugs are uptake inhibitors although the indirect reactions of the brain rather than the acute block of uptake itself is often responsible for the therapeutic effects.
Acetates
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
Millettia
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain ISOFLAVONES, some of which show molluscicidal and schistosomicidal activity. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to DERRIS.
Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.
Drug Therapy, Combination
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
Drug Eruptions
Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions.
Acetamides
Derivatives of acetamide that are used as solvents, as mild irritants, and in organic synthesis.
Amino Alcohols
Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).

Various forms of chemically induced liver injury and their detection by diagnostic procedures. (1/3775)

A large number of chemical agents, administered for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, can produce various types of hepatic injury by several mechanisms. Some agents are intrinsically hepatotoxic, and others produce hepatic injury only in the rare, uniquely susceptible individual. Idiosyncrasy of the host is the mechanism for most types of drug-induced hepatic injury. It may reflect allergy to the drug or a metabolic aberation of the host permitting the accumulation of hepatotoxic metabolites. The syndromes of hepatic disease produced by drugs have been classified hepatocellular, hepatocanalicular, mixed and canalicular. Measurement of serum enzyme activities has provided a powerful tool for studies of hepatotoxicity. Their measurement requires awareness of relative specificity, knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and knowledge of the relationship between known hepatotoxic states and elevated enzyme activities.  (+info)

The urinary elimination profiles of diazepam and its metabolites, nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam, in the equine after a 10-mg intramuscular dose. (2/3775)

A method for the extraction of diazepam and its metabolites (nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam) from equine urine and serum and their quantitation and confirmation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is presented. Valium, a formulation of diazepam, was administered at a dose of 10 mg intramuscularly to four standard-bred mares. Diazepam is extensively metabolized in the horse to nordiazepam, temazepam, and oxazepam. Diazepam urinary concentrations were found to be less than 6 ng/mL. Nordiazepam was found to be mainly in its glucuronide-conjugated form and was measured out to a collection time of 53-55 h. Oxazepam and temazepam were entirely conjugated, and their urinary concentrations were measured out to collection times of 121 h and 77-79 h, respectively. Diazepam and nordiazepam were measured in equine postadministration serum out to collection times of 6 and 54 h, respectively. Oxazepam and temazepam were not detected in postadministration serum.  (+info)

Inhibition of transient and persistent Na+ current fractions by the new anticonvulsant topiramate. (3/3775)

The actions of the antiepileptic drug topiramate (TPM) on Na+ currents were assessed using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in dissociated neocortical neurons and intracellular recordings in neocortical slices. Relatively low TPM concentrations (25-30 microM) slightly inhibited the persistent fraction of Na+ current in dissociated neurons and reduced the Na+-dependent long-lasting action potential shoulders, which can be evoked in layer V pyramidal neurons after Ca++ and K+ current blockade. Conversely, the same drug concentrations were ineffective in reducing the amplitude of the fast Na+-dependent action potentials evoked in slices or the peak of transient Na+ (INaf) current evoked in isolated neurons from a physiological holding potential. Consistent INaf inhibition became, however, evident only when the neuronal membrane was kept depolarized to enhance resting Na+ channel inactivation. TPM (100 microM) was ineffective on the voltage dependence of activation but induced a leftward shift of the steady-state INaf inactivation curve. The drug-induced inhibitory effect increased with the duration of membrane depolarization, and the recovery of INaf after long membrane depolarizations was slightly delayed in comparison with that observed under control conditions. The obtained evidence suggests that the anticonvulsant action of TPM may operate by stabilizing channel inactivation, which can be induced by depolarizing events similar to those occurring in chronic epileptic conditions. Concurrently, the slight but significant inhibition of the persistent fraction of the Na+ current, obtained with the application of relatively low TPM concentrations, may contribute toward its anticonvulsant effectiveness by modulating the near-threshold depolarizing events that are sustained by this small current fraction.  (+info)

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase type A, but not type B, is an effective means of inducing anticonvulsant activity in the kindling model of epilepsy. (4/3775)

The anticonvulsant activity of inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) was reported early after the development of irreversible MAO inhibitors such as tranylcypromine, but was never clinically used because of the adverse effects of these compounds. The more recently developed reversible MAO inhibitors with selectivity for either the MAO-A or MAO-B isoenzyme forms have not been studied extensively in animal models of epilepsy, so it is not known which type of MAO inhibitor is particularly effective in this respect. We compared the following drugs in the kindling model of epilepsy: 1) L-deprenyl (selegiline), i.e., an irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, which, however, also inhibits MAO-A at higher doses, 2) the novel reversible MAO-B inhibitor LU 53439 (3,4-dimethyl-7-(2-isopropyl-1,3, 4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-methoxy-coumarin), which is much more selective for MAO-B than L-deprenyl, 3) the novel reversible and highly selective MAO-A inhibitor LU 43839 (esuprone; 7-hydroxy-3, 4-dimethylcoumarin ethanesulfonate), and 4) the irreversible nonselective MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine. Esuprone proved to be an effective anticonvulsant in the kindling model with a similar potency as L-deprenyl. In contrast to esuprone and L-deprenyl, the selective MAO-B inhibitor LU 53439 was not effective in the kindling model; this substantiates the previous notion that the anticonvulsant activity of L-deprenyl is not related to MAO-B inhibition, but to other effects of this drug, such as inhibition of MAO-A. Drugs inhibiting both MAO-A and MAO-B to a similar extent (tranylcypromine) or combinations of selective MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitors (esuprone plus LU 53439) had no advantage over MAO-A inhibition alone, but were less well tolerated. The data thus suggest that selective MAO-A inhibitors such as esuprone may be an interesting new approach for the treatment of epilepsy.  (+info)

Gabapentin suppresses ectopic nerve discharges and reverses allodynia in neuropathic rats. (5/3775)

Repetitive ectopic discharges from injured afferent nerves play an important role in initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Gabapentin is effective for treatment of neuropathic pain but the sites and mechanisms of its antinociceptive actions remain uncertain. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis that therapeutic doses of gabapentin suppress ectopic afferent discharge activity generated from injured peripheral nerves. Mechanical allodynia, induced by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in rats, was determined by application of von Frey filaments to the hindpaw. Single-unit afferent nerve activity was recorded proximal to the ligated sciatic nerve site. Intravenous gabapentin, in a range of 30 to 90 mg/kg, significantly attenuated allodynia in nerve-injured rats. Furthermore, gabapentin, in the same therapeutic dose range, dose-dependently inhibited the ectopic discharge activity of 15 injured sciatic afferent nerve fibers through an action on impulse generation. However, the conduction velocity and responses of 12 normal afferent fibers to mechanical stimulation were not affected by gabapentin. Therefore, this study provides electrophysiological evidence that gabapentin is capable of suppressing the ectopic discharge activity from injured peripheral nerves. This action may contribute, at least in part, to the antiallodynic effect of gabapentin on neuropathic pain.  (+info)

Biochemical and electrophysiological studies on the mechanism of action of PNU-151774E, a novel antiepileptic compound. (6/3775)

PNU-151774E [(S)-(+)-2-(4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy)benzylamino)propanamide methanesulfonate], a new anticonvulsant that displays a wide therapeutic window, has a potency comparable or superior to that of most classic anticonvulsants. PNU-151774E is chemically unrelated to current antiepileptics. In animal seizure models it possesses a broad spectrum of action. In the present study, the action mechanism of PNU-151774E has been investigated using electrophysiological and biochemical assays. Binding studies performed with rat brain membranes show that PNU-151774E has high affinity for binding site 2 of the sodium channel receptor, which is greater than that of phenytoin or lamotrigine (IC50, 8 microM versus 47 and 185 microM, respectively). PNU-151774E reduces sustained repetitive firing in a use-dependent manner without modifying the first action potential in hippocampal cultured neurons. In the same preparation PNU-151774E inhibits tetrodotoxin-sensitive fast sodium currents and high voltage-activated calcium currents under voltage-clamp conditions. These electrophysiological activities of PNU-151774E correlate with its ability to inhibit veratrine and KCl-induced glutamate release in rat hippocampal slices (IC50, 56.4 and 185.5 microM, respectively) and calcium inward currents in mouse cortical neurons. On the other hand, PNU-151774E does not affect whole-cell gamma-aminobutryic acid- and glutamate-induced currents in cultured mouse cortical neurons. These results suggest that PNU-151774E exerts its anticonvulsant activity, at least in part, through inhibition of sodium and calcium channels, stabilizing neuronal membrane excitability and inhibiting transmitter release. The possible relevance of these pharmacological properties to its antiepileptic potential is discussed.  (+info)

Effect of riluzole on the neurological and neuropathological changes in an animal model of cardiac arrest-induced movement disorder. (7/3775)

Posthypoxic myoclonus and seizures precipitate as secondary neurological consequences in ischemic/hypoxic insults of the central nervous system. Neuronal hyperexcitation may be due to excessive activation of glutamatergic neurotransmission, an effect that has been shown to follow ischemic/hypoxic events. Therefore, riluzole, an anticonvulsant that inhibits the release of glutamate by stabilizing the inactivated state of activated voltage-sensitive sodium channels, was tested for its antimyoclonic and neuroprotective properties in the cardiac arrest-induced animal model of posthypoxic myoclonus. Riluzole (4-12 mg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated the audiogenic seizures and action myoclonus seen in this animal model. Histological examination using Nissl staining and the novel Fluoro-Jade histochemistry in cardiac-arrested animals showed an extensive neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Riluzole treatment almost completely prevented the neuronal degeneration in these brain areas. The neuroprotective effect was more pronounced in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells. These effects were seen at therapeutically relevant doses of riluzole, and the animals tolerated the treatment well. These findings indicate that the pathogenesis of posthypoxic myoclonus and seizure may involve excessive activation of glutamate neurotransmission, and that riluzole may serve as an effective pharmacological agent with neuroprotective potential for the treatment of neurological conditions associated with cardiac arrest in humans.  (+info)

Pharmacological studies on root bark of mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) (8/3775)

Pharmacological studies were done on the root bark of mulberry tree and pharmacological effects were compared with the clinical effects of "Sohakuhi" in Chinese medicine. n-Butanol- and water-soluble fractions of mulberry root had similar effects except for those on the cadiovascular system. Both fractions showed cathartic, analgesic, diuretic, antitussive, antiedema, sedative, anticonvulsant, and hypotensive actions in mice, rats, guinea pigs and dogs. There appears to be a correlation between the experimental pharmacological results and the clinical applications of mulberry root found in the literature on Chinese medicine.  (+info)

Global Antiepileptic and Anticonvulsant Drugs Market Effect Factors Research and Projection 2016-2021 | HealthcareGlobal Antiepileptic and Anticonvulsant Drugs Market Effect Factors Research and Projection 2016-2021 | Healthcare
Headline: Bitcoin & Blockchain Searches Exceed Trump! Blockchain Stocks Are Next!. The Global Antiepileptic and Anticonvulsant Drugs Market research study is a highly diligent study on competitive landscape analysis, prime manufacturers, marketing strategies analysis, Market Effect Factor Analysis and Consumer Needs by major regions, types, applications in Global market considering the past, current and future state of the Global Antiepileptic and Anticonvulsant Drugs industry. The report provides a thorough overview of the Global Antiepileptic and Anticonvulsant Drugs Market including definitions, classifications, applications and chain structure. The Global Antiepileptic and Anticonvulsant Drugs market report is a respected source of information which offers a telescopic view of the current market status. Various key factors are discussed in the report, which will help the buyer in studying the Global Antiepileptic and Anticonvulsant Drugs market trends and opportunities.. Look For Details of ...
http://beforeitsnews.com/healthcare/2016/11/global-antiepileptic-and-anticonvulsant-drugs-market-effect-factors-research-and-projection-2016-2021-2486492.html
1991 - Tapered antiepileptic drug withdrawal increased the risk for seizure recurrence | 1991 Sep-Oct : Volume 115, Number 2,...1991 - Tapered antiepileptic drug withdrawal increased the risk for seizure recurrence | 1991 Sep-Oct : Volume 115, Number 2,...
Because of increasing concern about the systemic and neurologic toxicity of long-term treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (1), the question of if and when to withdraw AEDs in epileptic patients whose seizures are well controlled is a common clinical problem. Until recently, many physicians were reluctant to discontinue AED therapy because of the lack of reliable data on the risk for seizure recurrence. Further, no study to date has compared the risk for seizure recurrence on withdrawing medication with the risk for recurrence associated with continuing therapy. This randomized study by the Medical Research Council Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study Group, however, provides the clinician with important prognostic data on AED withdrawal. It is clear that remission of seizures is possible in many epileptic patients whose AEDs are withdrawn slowly. In this study, 59% of patients not taking AEDs remained seizure-free at 2 years. This study helps to identify those for whom drug withdrawal is a ...
http://www.acpjc.org/Content/115/2/issue/ACPJC-1991-115-2-039.htm
J Clin Psychiatry/Newer Anticonvulsants: Dosing Strategies and Cognition in Treating Patients With Mood Disorders and EpilepsyJ Clin Psychiatry/Newer Anticonvulsants: Dosing Strategies and Cognition in Treating Patients With Mood Disorders and Epilepsy
Background: Anticonvulsants are employed to treat a variety of disorders. The most common adverse side effects of anticonvulsants are mediated via the central nervous system. Examples include sedation, dizziness, psychomotor slowing, and impairment of attention, memory, and other cognitive functions. Since multiple new anticonvulsants have been introduced in recent years, the question arises as to the frequency and magnitude of their cognitive side effects. Method: Experimental design flaws in assessing the cognitive effects of anticonvulsants were reviewed. A MEDLINE search of the medical literature was conducted, cross-referencing terms related to cognition and anticonvulsants. Research articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic and adherence to methodological criteria. Results: Incomplete information is available on the new anticonvulsants, but the present data suggest that some of the newer anticonvulsants possess favorable cognitive profiles. Also, the importance of dosing ...
http://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2003/v64s08/v64s0806.aspx
1994 - Review: 25% of seizure-free patients relapse after stopping antiepileptic drugs | 1994 Sep-Oct : Volume 121, Number 2,...1994 - Review: 25% of seizure-free patients relapse after stopping antiepileptic drugs | 1994 Sep-Oct : Volume 121, Number 2,...
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that often requires long-term antiepileptic drug treatment; unfortunately, these drugs can have long-term side effects. Until recently, many physicians were reluctant to discontinue antiepileptic drugs because the risk for seizure recurrence was thought to be dangerously high. The study by Berg and Shinnar suggests that patients may have a better chance of remaining seizure-free than previously thought. By using meta-analysis, the authors evaluated a comprehensive group of primary studies that focused on seizure relapse after discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs. The review was carefully designed with no important methodologic problems. The risk for seizure relapse after antiepileptic drug withdrawal at 1 year was 25%, which represents the lowest risk for recurrence in patients with the most favorable clinical features. Berg and Shinnar assessed 3 clinical features that modified the recurrence risk. The risk was increased for adult- and adolescent-onset compared ...
http://acpjc.org/Content/121/2/issue/ACPJC-1994-121-2-053.htm
N-Valproyl-L-Phenylalanine as New Potential Antiepileptic Drug: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Studies on Stability,...N-Valproyl-L-Phenylalanine as New Potential Antiepileptic Drug: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Studies on Stability,...
Title:N-Valproyl-L-Phenylalanine as New Potential Antiepileptic Drug: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Studies on Stability, Toxicity and Anticonvulsant Efficacy. VOLUME: 11 ISSUE: 1. Author(s):Viviana De Caro, Anna Lisa Scaturro, Flavia Maria Sutera, Giuseppe Avellone, Gabriella Schiera, Evelina Ferrantelli, Maria Carafa, Valerio Rizzo, Fabio Carletti, Pierangelo Sardo and Libero Italo Giannola. Affiliation:Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32-90123, Palermo, Italy.. Keywords:Aminoacidic derivative, astrocytes toxicity, CNS-targeting, enzymatic stability, hippocampal epilepsy, valproic acid.. Abstract:Valproic acid (VPA) is considered first-line drug in treatment of generalized idiopathic seizures such as absence, generalized tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures. Among major antiepileptic drugs, VPA is also considered effective in childhood epilepsies and infantile spasms. Due to its ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/122016/article?tracking-code=4
Most recent papers with the keyword ADME in silico | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword ADME in silico | Read by QxMD
A series of new pyrimidine-triazine hybrids (4a-t) was designed and synthesized, from which potent anticonvulsant agents were identified. Most of the compounds exhibited promising anticonvulsant activity against the maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) tests, along with minimal motor impairment with higher safety compared to the standard drugs, phenytoin and carbamazepine. In the series, 5-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-5,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(6H)-one (4o) and 5-(6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-thioxo-5,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(6H)-one (4s) emerged as most potent anticonvulsant agents with median doses of 22 ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/109333
Drug therapy of epilepsy--progress of antiepileptic agents in the last 10 years]. - Semantic ScholarDrug therapy of epilepsy--progress of antiepileptic agents in the last 10 years]. - Semantic Scholar
Semantic Scholar extracted view of [Drug therapy of epilepsy--progress of antiepileptic agents in the last 10 years]. by K-i Miyamoto et al.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Drug-therapy-of-epilepsy-progress-of-antiepilepti-Miyamoto-Seino/9b5363ae363a5b7f4fea0254acbdc2ad4d96c826
Adverse Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs on Bone Mineral Density in Women with Epilepsy.Adverse Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs on Bone Mineral Density in Women with Epilepsy.
Osteoporosis or osteopenia has been reported in patients taking antiepileptic drugs, but the precise pathophysiological mechanisms of these abnormalities are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of antiepileptic drugs on bone mass by analyzing bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: We compared 62 epileptic women on long-term antiepileptic therapy the same number of age and weight matched healthy control subjects. We measured the serum calcium, phosphorus, protein, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin for analyzing factors, that have an influence on bone metabolism and BMD. BMD was measured on the lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The serum level of calcium and osteocalcin were not different between the groups. The serum level of phosphorus and protein were significantly lower in the patient group compared to their controls. The serum level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the patient group than in their controls. The BMD was ...
https://e-enm.org/journal/view.php?number=753
Mental Health Update: Anti-epilepsy drugs and childrens IQsMental Health Update: Anti-epilepsy drugs and childrens IQs
Sodium valproate is an anti-epilepsy drug taken by people to control their seizures. Around 5,000 women with epilepsy become pregnant every year in the UK and antiepilepsy drugs have been linked to an increased risk of birth defects such as heart malformations, dysmorphic features and minor limb deformities. Researchers from Liverpool University, Emory University in the U.S. and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust tested more than 300 3-year-olds whose mothers had taken anti-epilepsy drugs. They found that those women who took sodium valproate while they were pregnant had children with IQs six to nine points lower than those women taking other anti-epilepsy drugs. The researchers stressed that although anti-epilepsy drugs carry a slightly-increased risk of birth defects the risk is still very small and less than the risks to mothers and children from uncontrolled seizures. They advised women concerned about their anti-epilepsy medication to contact their GP before ...
http://mentalhealthupdate.blogspot.com/2009/07/anti-epilepsy-drugs-and-childrens-iqs.html
The first open study of zonisamide, a novel anticonvulsant, shows efficacy in mania<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The first open study of zonisamide, a novel anticonvulsant, shows efficacy in mania. AU - Shigenobu, Kanba. AU - Gohei, Yagi. AU - Kunitoshi, Kamijima. AU - Toru, Suzuki. AU - Osamu, Tajima. AU - Jun-Ichi, Otaki. AU - Eiji, Arata. AU - Hiroki, Koshikawa. AU - Masashi, Nibuya. AU - Norihisa, Kinoshita. AU - Masahiro, Asai. PY - 1994/7. Y1 - 1994/7. N2 - Shigenobu Kanba, Gohei Yagi, Kunitoshi Kamijima, Toru Suzuki, Osamu Tajima, Jun-ichi Otaki, Eiji Arata, Hiroki Koshikawa, Masashi Nibuya, Norihisa Kinoshita and Masahiro Asai: The First Open Study of Zonisamide, A Novel Anticonvulsant, Shows Efficacy in Mania. Prog. Neuro-Psyhopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1994, 18:3 707-715. 1 Zonisamide, an anticonvulsant developed in Japan, is structurally similar to serotonin. Zonisamide has been proven to have a pharmacological profile that is very similar to that of carbamazepine. Thus, the effect of zonisamide was examined in 24 psychiatric patients: 15 with bipolar manic state, 6 with ...
https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-first-open-study-of-zonisamide-a-novel-anticonvulsant-shows-e
Risk of prematurity, SGA up for women on antiepileptic drugsRisk of prematurity, SGA up for women on antiepileptic drugs
(HealthDay)-Women on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy for epilepsy or other indications are at increased risk of giving birth to premature and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, according to a study published ...
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-09-prematurity-sga-women-antiepileptic-drugs.html
Anticonvulsant Medications in Mitochondrial Disease
Researchers from Vienna, Austria and Sao Paulo, Brazil studied the known effects of anticonvulsant drugs on mitochondria, using a literature search to include only references to epilepsy associated with mitochondrial disease, and a specific anti-convulsant drug (i.e. levetiracetam) with a specific mitochondrial function (i.e. mitochondrial membrane potential). Across 31 different anti-convulsant medications, the authors searched for six mitochondrial functions that anticonvulsant drugs may influence. Some medications, such as valproic acid, were extensively studied across all functions while others, such as rufinamide and stiripentol, had no publications matching the search criteria. For each aspect of mitochondrial biology, the anticonvulsants with either greatest benefit or most toxicity were discussed in greater detail. Subsequently, the overall toxicity and tolerability was assessed. Using these findings, the authors describe an approach to treating mitochondrial epilepsy with drugs ...
https://www.pediatricneurologybriefs.com/articles/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-31-3-3/
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a common neurological condition with a worldwide prevalence of around 1%. Approximately 60% to 70% of people with epilepsy will achieve a longer-term remission from seizures, and most achieve that remission shortly after starting antiepileptic drug treatment. Most people with epilepsy are treated with a single antiepileptic drug (monotherapy) and current guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom for adults and children recommend carbamazepine or lamotrigine as first-line treatment for partial onset seizures and sodium valproate for generalised onset seizures; however a range of other antiepileptic drug (AED) treatments are available, and evidence is needed regarding their comparative effectiveness in order to inform treatment choices. OBJECTIVES: To compare the time to withdrawal of allocated treatment, remission and first seizure of 10 AEDs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, sodium valproate, phenobarbitone, oxcarbazepine, ...
http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D03.383.742.698.253.650
GMS | MAINZ//2011: 56. GMDS-Jahrestagung und 6. DGEpi-Jahrestagung | Treatment of Pediatric Epilepsy in Germany: Antiepileptic...
Background: Treatment of pediatric epilepsy has advanced with the development of new antiepileptic drugs. The European Medicines Agency recommends that more research into pediatric drugs for epilepsy is needed.. Objectives: To characterize utilization of antiepileptic drugs in children with a specific emphasis on newer antiepileptic drugs.. Methods: Data were obtained from the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database for the period 2004-2006, including prescription data of more than 14 million insurance members from all over Germany. Descriptive analyses were perfomed to assess prevalence and incidence of antiepileptic drug use stratified by age and sex. Mono- and combination therapy were considered as well as the clinical speciality of the prescribing physician.. Results: We identified 13,197 children who received a total of 226,856 antiepileptic drug dispensations. Of these, 140,992 (62.15%) were conventional and 85,864 (37.85%) were newer antiepileptic drugs. Most commonly prescribed ...
https://www.egms.de/static/en/meetings/gmds2011/11gmds365.shtml
Keppra XR(TM) Offers Convenient Dosing For People With Partial Onset Seizures - RedorbitKeppra XR(TM) Offers Convenient Dosing For People With Partial Onset Seizures - Redorbit
ATLANTA, Nov. 5 /PRNewswire/ -- press release, regulated information: UCB announced today that Keppra XR(TM) offers convenient dosing for people with epilepsy. Keppra XR(TM) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2008 for use as an add-on to other antiepileptic treatments for people with partial-onset seizures who are 16 years of age and older. While many people with epilepsy are successfully treated with one or more of the currently available antiepileptic drugs, a significant percentage still live with uncontrolled seizures or intolerable side effects. A recent online survey of 451 people living with epilepsy showed that almost half missed at least one dose of their epilepsy medication in the last month, and 37 percent who missed a dose reported having a breakthrough seizure. More than 80 percent of these people missed a dose of an antiepileptic drug (AED) that was taken multiple times daily and the most common reason reported for having missed a dose was ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1597730/keppra_xrtm_offers_convenient_dosing_for_people_with_partial_onset/
Maternal and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of in Utero Antiepileptic Drug (AED) Exposure - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govMaternal and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of in Utero Antiepileptic Drug (AED) Exposure - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
An overall goal of the proposed research is to establish the relationship between antiepileptic drug exposure and outcomes in the mother and child as well as describe and explain the variability in antiepileptic drug exposure and response.. Anticonvulsant blood levels (ABLs) and area-under-the-concentration-time-curves (AUCs) will be used as direct measures of drug exposure. The results will enable clinicians to prospectively calculate individual dosing regimens for the mother in order to optimize dosing and limit unnecessary drug exposure to the child. In addition, genetic samples will be collected, which will provide a valuable resource for future pharmacogenetics studies to further delineate individual variability across patients. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01730170
Newer Anti-Eptileptic Drugs: Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Felbamate, Topiramate and Fosphenytoin - American Family PhysicianNewer Anti-Eptileptic Drugs: Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Felbamate, Topiramate and Fosphenytoin - American Family Physician
Twenty-five to 40 percent of patients with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite optimal treatment with traditional antiepileptic drugs. Treatment with standard anticonvulsants such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenobarbital is often complicated by side effects and by failure to adequately control seizures. Up to 61 percent of patients with seizures report having side effects with antiepileptic drugs. After a 15-year hiatus since the last new antiepileptic drug was marketed, five new drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the control of seizures. Three of these, gabapentin, lamotrigine and topiramate, are approved for use in adults with partial seizures with or without generalization. Felbamate is approved for the above indication and also for use in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a rare childhood seizure disorder. Felbamate and lamotrigine have the potential of significant side effects and should be prescribed by physicians experienced in
https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0201/p513.html
USPharmacist | Weekly News UpdateUSPharmacist | Weekly News Update
This FDA said its alert is based on the final results of the Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (NEAD) study showing that children exposed to valproate products while their mothers were pregnant had decreased IQs at age 6 compared to children exposed to other antiepileptic drugs…The difference in average IQ between the children who had been exposed to valproate and the children who had been exposed to other antiepileptic drugs varied between 8 and 11 points depending on the drug to which valproate was compared ...
https://www.uspharmacist.com/weekly_news_update/nl/40787/
Anticonvulsant action and long-term effects of gabapentin in the immature brain<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Anticonvulsant action and long-term effects of gabapentin in the immature brain. AU - Cilio, M. R.. AU - Bolanos, A. R.. AU - Liu, Z.. AU - Schmid, R.. AU - Yang, Y.. AU - Stafstrom, C. E.. AU - Mikati, M. A.. AU - Holmes, G. L.. PY - 2001/1/1. Y1 - 2001/1/1. N2 - The anticonvulsant action and the long-term effects on learning, memory and behavior of the new generation antiepileptic drug gabapentin (GBP) were investigated in immature animals. Kainic acid (KA) was administered to rats on postnatal day (P) 35. Animals were treated with GBP or saline from P36 to P75 and spontaneous seizure frequency was monitored. After tapering the drug, the rats were tested in the water maze and open field test. Brains were then analyzed for histological lesions. Animals treated with GBP following KA-induced status epilepticus had a reduced incidence of spontaneous recurrent seizures, a better pathology score, and less aggressiveness compared to saline-treated controls. Effectiveness of GBP on ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/anticonvulsant-action-and-long-term-effects-of-gabapentin-in-the--5
Definition of anticonvulsant. Meaning of anticonvulsant. Synonyms of anticonvulsant
This is the place for anticonvulsant definition. You find here anticonvulsant meaning, synonyms of anticonvulsant and images for anticonvulsant
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Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs on Brain Excitability - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.govEffects of Antiepileptic Drugs on Brain Excitability - Tabular View - ClinicalTrials.gov
This study will evaluate the usefulness of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in measuring cortical excitability. The cortex is the outer part of the brain. Patients with seizures have increased cortical excitability and are often treated with antiepileptic drugs to reduce this excitability. The therapeutic effects of antiepileptic drugs are usually tracked with blood tests that measure their blood levels. However, these blood tests may not always correctly reflect the effects of the drugs on the brain.. TMS has been used successfully to measure cortical excitability in many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, and may be helpful in measuring drug effects on the brain directly. For this procedure, a wire coil is held over the scalp. A brief electrical current is passed through the coil, creating a magnetic pulse that stimulates the brain. This may cause a pulling sensation on the skin under the coil and twitching in muscles of the face, arm, or leg. During the stimulation, the ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00054990
PPT - Efficacy and Tolerability of the New Antiepileptic Drugs PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id: 3bf7f8-MGQzZPPT - Efficacy and Tolerability of the New Antiepileptic Drugs PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id: 3bf7f8-MGQzZ
Efficacy and Tolerability of the New Antiepileptic Drugs, I: Treatment of New Onset Epilepsy Report of the TTA and QSS Subcommittees of the American Academy of ... - A free PowerPoint PPT presentation (displayed as a Flash slide show) on PowerShow.com - id: 3bf7f8-MGQzZ
http://www.powershow.com/view/3bf7f8-MGQzZ/Efficacy_and_Tolerability_of_the_New_Antiepileptic_Drugs_powerpoint_ppt_presentation
Lecture 20-Anticonvulsants - Definition anticonvulsants drugs used to prevent or treat convulsions(seizures Definition...Lecture 20-Anticonvulsants - Definition anticonvulsants drugs used to prevent or treat convulsions(seizures Definition...
View Notes - Lecture_20-Anticonvulsants from PHB 110 at Moraine Valley Community College. Definition: anticonvulsants - drugs used to prevent or treat convulsions
https://www.coursehero.com/file/6278651/Lecture-20-Anticonvulsants/
June 2019 - Page 2 of 3 - All about medicine
Chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan, and phenylephrine requires locating a prescription and sink as of 2010 is yet sold under the brand whose name Nasohist - dm by bioniche pharma, llc. Sildec - pe dm may be used in combination therapies with other antiepileptic drugs without expressing concern for alteration of the blood concentrations of good product, however best if advised me by a doctor or of other antiepileptic drugs.. Read More. ...
http://rosesturn.com/2019/06/page/2
Synthesis and structure activity relationship of fluorinated enaminone by Okoromoba A.E OtomeSynthesis and structure activity relationship of fluorinated enaminone by Okoromoba A.E Otome
A series of fluorinated enaminones have been synthesized from the condensation of 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione and various amines via the synergistic effect of p-toluenesulfonic acid/acetic acid. The activity of 3-(4-chlorophenylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohex-2-enone (ADD 386002) and 3-(benzylamino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)cyclohex-2-enone (ADD 386001) have been established by our research group as lead compounds with significant anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) seizure test model. The synthesis of these enaminones will help to advance the chemistry of these compounds as well as provide insight to their structural activity relationships, as potential antiepileptic agents. Using the above procedure, we completed the synthesis of fourteen new fluorinated enaminones containing substituted phenyl and heteroaromatic rings. All 14 compounds were characterized by NMR and GC/MS. The lipophilicity of each compound was calculated in order to determine the membrane
https://digitalscholarship.tnstate.edu/dissertations/AAI1492287/
Antiepileptics increase the risk of pneumonia in people with Alzheimers disease
Antiepileptic drugs increase the risk of pneumonia in people living with Alzheimers disease, according to research from the University of Eastern Finland.. People with Alzheimers who used antiepileptics have twice the risk of developing pneumonia compared to those not using the drugs, the study, published in the Journal of Alzheimers Disease says.. Antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid and pregabalin were all associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. The sedative effects of antiepileptic drugs may explain the increased risk of pneumonia. Nevertheless, fewer than one in ten of those living with Alzheimers have also been diagnosed with epilepsy.. Further research into whether older persons are more sensitive to the effects of antiepileptic drugs is needed. Persons with Alzheimers disease have a higher risk of pneumonia and pneumonia-related mortality than persons without the disease. For this reason, it is important to carefully assess the risks and benefits of ...
http://pharmafile.com/print/520483
A Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Quantification of New Anti-Epileptic Drug Lacosamide and its...A Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Quantification of New Anti-Epileptic Drug Lacosamide and its...
A simple, selective, precise, and stability-indicating high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been established and validated for the determination of S (-) Enantiomer in Lacosamide drug substance. The chromatographic system used normal phase DAICEL Chiralcel OD-H column with UV-Vis detection at 210 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of n-hexane-ethanol, 74:6 (%, v/v) and this mixture was transferred to isopropyl alcohol-trifluoroacetic acid in the ratio of 72:6:0.08 (%, v/v). The method is validated for its specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity and ruggedness. Regression analysis data for the calibration plots were indicative of good linear relationships between response and concentration over the range 0.0174µg mL-1 - 5.398 µg mL-1. The correlation coefficient, r2, was 0.9994 and 0.9988. The value of slop and intercept of the calibration plot was 79403 and -16673. The limit of detection and quantitation were 0.087 ± 7.18 µg mL-1 and 0.263 ± 3.68 µg mL-1. ...
https://www.ijprs.com/article/a-stability-indicating-liquid-chromatographic-method-for-the-quantification-of-new-anti-epileptic-drug-lacosamide-and-its-intermediates/
Lamotrigine - WikipediaLamotrigine - Wikipedia
Lamotrigine is a member of the sodium channel blocking class of antiepileptic drugs.[60] This may suppress the release of glutamate and aspartate, two of the dominant excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS.[61] It is generally accepted to be a member of the sodium channel blocking class of antiepileptic drugs,[62] but it could have additional actions, since it has a broader spectrum of action than other sodium channel antiepileptic drugs such as phenytoin and is effective in the treatment of the depressed phase of bipolar disorder, whereas other sodium channel-blocking antiepileptic drugs are not, possibly on account of its sigma receptor activity. In addition, lamotrigine shares few side effects with other, unrelated anticonvulsants known to inhibit sodium channels, which further emphasises its unique properties.[63]. It is a triazine derivate that inhibits voltage-sensitive sodium channels, leading to stabilization of neuronal membranes. It also blocks L-, N-, and P-type calcium channels and ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamotrigine
Withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in glioma patients after long-term seizure freedom: design of a prospective observational...Withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in glioma patients after long-term seizure freedom: design of a prospective observational...
Epilepsy is common in patients with primary malignant brain tumours, with incidence rates from 20 up to 90%, depending on tumour type, the location of the tumour and its proximity to the cortical gray matter [1]-[3]. The epileptogenicity of a tumour is inversely correlated with its growth rate [4]-[6]. Low-grade gliomas (LGGs), and particularly slow-growing tumours such as gangliogliomas and dysembryoblastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNETs), are the most epileptogenic [7]-[9]. A decrease in seizure frequency is known to contribute to less morbidity and improved quality of life [10],[11]. Therefore, achieving sustained seizure control in these patients is an important issue in brain tumour treatment.. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of epilepsy treatment. However, AEDs may cause side effects and may also negatively impact neurocognitive functioning and quality of life [12]. Moreover, enzyme-inducing AEDs may interfere with chemotherapeutic drugs and corticosteroids and cause additional ...
https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-014-0157-4
Population-based study of antiepileptic drug exposure in utero-Influence on head circumference in newbornsPopulation-based study of antiepileptic drug exposure in utero-Influence on head circumference in newborns
article{03d20d0e-3ce2-45a2-b810-0a9003a1a7f4, abstract = {Purpose: To study the effect of AED exposure on head circumference in the newborn. Methods: Data on all Swedish singletons births between 1995 and 2005, over 900,000 births, were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. The effects of AEDs on birth-weight-adjusted mean head circumference (bw-adj-HC) were estimated by comparison with data from all births in an analysis which was adjusted for year of birth, maternal age, parity, maternal smoking, and maternal body mass index. Results: A significant reduction of mean bw-adj-HC was seen after both carbamazepine (CBZ) (standard deviation scores (SDS) = 0.15, p < 0.001) and valproic acid (VPA) (SDS = 0.10, p = 0.04) in monotherapy. No effect on mean bw-adj-HC was seen for phenytoin, clonazepam, lamotrigine and gabapentin. There was a significant increase in the occurrence of microcephaly (bw-adj-HC smaller than 2 SD below the mean) after any AED polytherapy (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/1531846
Topiramate in pregnancy | NeurologyTopiramate in pregnancy | Neurology
Objectives: Topiramate (Topamax®) is licensed to be used, either in monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment, for generalized tonic clonic seizures or partial seizures with or without secondary generalization and for prevention of migraine. The safety of topiramate in human pregnancy is largely unknown. Here we report on our experience of pregnancies exposed to topiramate.. Methods: This study is part of a prospective, observational, registration and follow-up study. Suitable cases are women with epilepsy who become pregnant while taking topiramate either singly or along with other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and who are referred before outcome of the pregnancy is known. The main outcome measure is the major congenital malformation (MCM) rate. Secondary outcomes include risk of specific MCM, minor malformation rate, birthweight, and gestational age at delivery.. Results: Full outcome data are available on 203 pregnancies. Of these, 178 resulted in live birth; 16 had an MCM (9.0%; 95% CI 5.6% to ...
https://n.neurology.org/content/71/4/272
AID 621652 - Protective index, ratio of TD50 for albino Sprague-Dawley rat to ED50 for albino Sprague-Dawley rat by maximal...AID 621652 - Protective index, ratio of TD50 for albino Sprague-Dawley rat to ED50 for albino Sprague-Dawley rat by maximal...
BioAssay record AID 621652 submitted by ChEMBL: Protective index, ratio of TD50 for albino Sprague-Dawley rat to ED50 for albino Sprague-Dawley rat by maximal electroshock seizures test.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/621652
Anti-epileptic drugs increase risk of fractures in patients above the age of fifty years
While there have been studies that examined the link between anti-epileptic drugs and bone density loss in adults older than 65, little evidence exists for the association of individual anti-epileptic drugs with bone loss. Nathalie Jetté, M.D., M.Sc., of the University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Alberta, Canada, and colleagues studied medical records of 15,792 individuals who experienced non-traumatic fractures between April 1996 and March 2004. Each person was matched with up to three controls, persons without a history of fracture, for a total of 47,289 controls ...
http://www.rxpgnews.com/epilepsy/Anti-epileptic_drugs_increase_risk_of_fractures_in_patients_above_the_age_of_printer.shtml
Drug-Drug Interactions Among Hospitalized Children Receiving Chronic Antiepileptic Drug Therapy | American Academy of PediatricsDrug-Drug Interactions Among Hospitalized Children Receiving Chronic Antiepileptic Drug Therapy | American Academy of Pediatrics
Our findings indicate that children taking AEDs are at high risk of a pDDI while hospitalized, with more than one-quarter of patients exposed to a severe pDDI. Younger patients and those with associated ICU or operating room procedures are at highest risk of potential severe interactions. The majority of these pDDIs are related to the administration of pain medications, steroids, and antibiotics. Although there was a significant overall decrease in the rate of pDDIs over the study period, this decrease was not directly associated with the implementation of CPOE systems.. An estimated 31% of children have chronic medical conditions, of whom 63% are taking medications that will likely be continued when hospitalized with an acute illness. Physicians prescribing medications to hospitalized patients may not always take into account previously prescribed drugs when making treatment decisions. Antiepileptic drugs pose a particular risk for DDIs given the high rate of interactions associated with many ...
https://hosppeds.aappublications.org/content/6/5/282?ijkey=fb9d54106df187325972b5cbee52f519af808195&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Impact of Oxidative Stress and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs on the Albumin and Cortisol Value in Severe Motor and Intellectual...Impact of Oxidative Stress and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs on the Albumin and Cortisol Value in Severe Motor and Intellectual...
Impact of Oxidative Stress and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs on the Albumin and Cortisol Value in Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities With Epilepsy
http://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/3289/2034
Impact of Oxidative Stress and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs on the Albumin and Cortisol Value in Severe Motor and Intellectual...Impact of Oxidative Stress and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs on the Albumin and Cortisol Value in Severe Motor and Intellectual...
Impact of Oxidative Stress and Newer Antiepileptic Drugs on the Albumin and Cortisol Value in Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities With Epilepsy
http://www.jocmr.org/index.php/JOCMR/article/view/3289
A Dose Finding and Safety/Efficacy Trial of CPT-11 (Irinotecan) in Patients With Recurrent Malignant GliomasA Dose Finding and Safety/Efficacy Trial of CPT-11 (Irinotecan) in Patients With Recurrent Malignant Gliomas
OBJECTIVES: I. Determine the maximum tolerated dose of intravenous irinotecan when administered weekly for 4 weeks in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. II. Describe the pharmacokinetics of this route of administration, measuring both irinotecan and the active metabolite SN-38, and determine the effects of hepatic enzyme inducing drugs, such as anticonvulsants, on the pharmacokinetics in these patients. III. Determine preliminary response data and activity of irinotecan in this patient population. IV. Correlate response with topoisomerase I levels in brain tumor tissue from patients undergoing treatment. OUTLINE: Patients are stratified based on their use/kind of anticonvulsant drugs. This stratification yields two arms for this study. Arm I consists of patients who use anticonvulsant drugs that induce hepatic metabolic enzymes. Arm II consists of patients who use anticonvulsant drugs that cause modest to no induction of hepatic metabolic enzymes or no anticonvulsant drug. Three patients ...
https://www.clinicalconnection.com/clinical-trials-from-other-databases/study-details-from-other-databases/202834/9442142/university-of-pennsylvania-cancer-center
Most recent papers with the keyword target controled infusion | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword target controled infusion | Read by QxMD
Brivaracetam (BRV; Briviact) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) approved for adjunctive treatment of focal (partial-onset) seizures in adults. BRV is a selective, high-affinity ligand for synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) with 15- to 30-fold higher affinity than levetiracetam, the first AED acting on SV2A. It has high lipid solubility and rapid brain penetration, with engagement of the target molecule, SV2A, within minutes of administration. BRV has potent broad-spectrum antiepileptic activity in animal models. Phase I studies indicated BRV was well tolerated and showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile over a wide dose range following single (10-1,000 mg) and multiple (200-800 mg/day) oral dosing ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/55108
Psychiatric Uses of Newer Anticonvulsants|Prim Care CompanionPsychiatric Uses of Newer Anticonvulsants|Prim Care Companion
View This PDF. NB: This article is only available as a PDF.. Because this piece has no abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.. Sir: Over the past several years, the number of new anticonvulsants has increased considerably. As the number of new agents increases, so too does the reporting of off-label uses in psychiatric disorders. Interestingly enough, of all the anticonvulsants available in the United States, only valproate is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for use in acute mania.​. Primary Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 2001;3(2):82-84 [letter]. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.v03n0207. ...
http://www.psychiatrist.com/PCC/article/Pages/2001/v03n02/v03n0207.aspx
Antipsychotic and Antiepileptic Drugs in Bipolar Disorder: The Im...: Ingenta ConnectAntipsychotic and Antiepileptic Drugs in Bipolar Disorder: The Im...: Ingenta Connect
Although mood stabilizers, such as lithium, are the first-line treatment for the prevention of new BD episodes, combination therapy has become the standard of care for BD patients. Besides lithium, the use of a mood stabilizer along with an atypical antipsychotic is recommended in many patients. Recently, atypical antipsychotics (quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone and aripiprazole) and antiepileptic agents (valproate, lamotrigine and oxcarbazepine) are increasingly used as mood stabilizers. To reduce side effects and optimize treatment it is important to perform accurate monitoring of drug blood levels in these patients, who are often treated with multiple drugs. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is in fact a powerful tool that, starting from clinical-chemical correlation data, allows to tailor-cut treatment to the specific needs of individual patients; hence the need to have reliable analytical methods available for the determination of plasma levels of drugs and their metabolites. Analyses of ...
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cmc/2009/00000016/00000012/art00003
Combining Adverse Perinatal Outcomes for Women Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs during Pregnancy, Using a Latent Trait ModelCombining Adverse Perinatal Outcomes for Women Exposed to Antiepileptic Drugs during Pregnancy, Using a Latent Trait Model
164 89. Finnel RH, Buehler BA, Kerr BM, et al. Clinical and experimental studies linking oxidative metabolism to phenytoin induced teratogenesis. Neurology 1992; 42 Suppl. 5: 25 31. 90. Bittigau P, Sifringer M, Phol D, et al. Apoptotic neurodegeneration following t rauma is markedly enhanced in the immature brain. Ann Neurol 1999; 45: 724 35. 91. Bittigau P, Sifringer M, Ikonomidou C. Antiepileptic drugs and apoptosis in the developing br ain. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 993: 103 14. 92. Vajda FJ, OBrien T J, Hitchcock A, et al. Critical relationship between sodium valproate dose and human teratogenicity: results of the Australian register of anti epileptic drugs in pregnancy. J Clin Neurosci 2004;11:854 858. 93. Artama M, Auvinen A, Raudaskoski T, Isojarvi I, Isojarvi J. Antiepilepti c drug use of women with epilepsy and congenital malformations in offspring. Neurology 2005;64:1874 1878. 94. Wide K, Winbladh B, Kallen B. Major malformations in infants exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero, with ...
https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0046207/00001
Sabinet | Therapeutic challenges : interactions between anticonvulsants and antiretrovirals : clinical pharmacologySabinet | Therapeutic challenges : interactions between anticonvulsants and antiretrovirals : clinical pharmacology
Extracted from text ... Case report A 36-year-old HIV-infected woman presents for assessment for antiretroviral therapy. As her current CD4+ count is 92 cells/mm3, she needs to commence antiretroviral therapy. She has a history of epilepsy since childhood, for which she receives treatment with carbamazepine. This case raises some important questions: Does this patient still require anticonvulsant therapy? What potential drug interactions could occur with antiretrovirals? Where there is a known primary focus, stopping anticonvulsants has a high rate of relapse. In a patient with idiopathic epilepsy, who has had no seizures for at least 2 years, slow weaning from the anticonvulsants can ..
http://journals.co.za/content/m_cme/24/9/EJC63198
Antiepileptic drug interactions in the elderly<...Antiepileptic drug interactions in the elderly<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Antiepileptic drug interactions in the elderly. AU - Conway, Jeannine M.. AU - Cloyd, James C.. PY - 2005/1/1. Y1 - 2005/1/1. N2 - Introduction The elderly (≥65 years) are the fastest growing segment of the population in developed countries. In the USA, older adults presently comprise 13% of the population and are projected to increase to 20% within the next 20 years. Similar demographics exist for many European countries. With advancing age comes increasing morbidity, medication use, and adverse drug reactions. Over two-thirds of older adults have one or more chronic medical problems (Hoffman et al., 1996). As a consequence more elderly take medications than others and the elderly take more drugs per person. In the USA, almost 90% of community-dwelling elderly take one or more medications (Guay et al., 2003). Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are frequently prescribed in the elderly due to the high prevalence of AED-treatable neuropsychiatric disorders in this age group. For example, ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/antiepileptic-drug-interactions-in-the-elderly
Associations between particular types of fetal malformation and antiepileptic drug exposure in utero - Vajda - 2013 - Acta...Associations between particular types of fetal malformation and antiepileptic drug exposure in utero - Vajda - 2013 - Acta...
The value of conclusions drawn from the present analysis is inevitably limited by the relatively small numbers of instances of individual malformations that were available for study, and studies of larger populations might produce different outcomes. The difficulty of obtaining well-matched control populations and limitations of size of malformed fetal collections beset much of the published work in the area. There is a peculiarity in the AED-unexposed control data in the present study, in that three of the four male fetuses with malformations had hypospadias. This is a surprisingly high proportion and leads to concern about using these particular data for comparison purposes. Multivariable logistic regression has been used in the present study to increase the number of subjects involved by including fetuses exposed to AED polytherapy as well as AED monotherapy. Only statistically significant (P , 0.05) findings from the investigation are discussed below.. The present analysis has provided ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ane.12115/full?globalMessage=0
UCB s Vimpat approved by U.S. FDA as adjunctive therapy for partial onset seizures in adults | WebWireUCB s Vimpat approved by U.S. FDA as adjunctive therapy for partial onset seizures in adults | WebWire
* New antiepileptic drug with a novel mechanism of action, , * Vimpat helped people with epilepsy who still had uncontrolled partial onset seizures with current treatment, , * Vimpat will be ava...
https://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=78502
RePub, Erasmus University Repository: Anti-epileptic drug regimens and major congenital abnormalities in the offspringRePub, Erasmus University Repository: Anti-epileptic drug regimens and major congenital abnormalities in the offspring
To assess the risk of major congenital abnormalities associated with specific antiepileptic drug regimens, a large retrospective cohort study was performed. The study comprised 1,411 children born between 1972 and 1992 in four provinces in The Netherlands who were born to mothers with epilepsy and using antiepileptic drugs during the first trimester of pregnancy, and 2,000 nonepileptic matched controls. We found significantly increased risks of major congenital abnormalities for carbamazepine and valproate monotherapy, with evidence for a significant dose-response relationship for valproate. The risk of major congenital abnormalities was nonsignificantly increased for phenobarbital monotherapy when caffeine comedication was excluded, but a significant increase in risk was found when caffeine was included. Phenytoin monotherapy was not associated with an increased risk of major congenital abnormalities. Regarding polytherapy regimens, increased risks were found for several antiepileptic drug ...
https://repub.eur.nl/pub/5914
Topiramate effects on the EEG and alertness in healthy volunteers: A different profile of antiepileptic drug neurotoxicity<...Topiramate effects on the EEG and alertness in healthy volunteers: A different profile of antiepileptic drug neurotoxicity<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Topiramate effects on the EEG and alertness in healthy volunteers. T2 - A different profile of antiepileptic drug neurotoxicity. AU - Salinsky, Martin. AU - Storzbach, Daniel. AU - Oken, Barry. AU - Spencer, David. PY - 2007/5/1. Y1 - 2007/5/1. N2 - Objective: Previous quantitative EEG (QEEG) studies of carbamazepine (CBZ), oxcarbazepine (OXC), and phenytoin (PHT) revealed a pattern of EEG slowing and an increase in drowsiness on the awake maintenance task (AMT). EEG slowing has been shown to correlate with negative effects on cognitive tests. Topiramate (TPM) is a novel AED with relatively large negative effects on cognitive function. We tested the hypothesis that TPM would induce significant slowing of EEG background rhythms and an increase in AMT drowsiness. Methods: Forty healthy volunteers were randomized to TPM, gabapentin (GBP), or placebo. Doses were escalated as tolerated to a maximum of 400 mg/day for TPM or 3600 mg/day for GBP, over a 10-week period, followed by a ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/topiramate-effects-on-the-eeg-and-alertness-in-healthy-volunteers-2
Anticonvulsants | Clinicians BriefAnticonvulsants | Clinicians Brief
When treating epileptic patients, do you prescribe tried-and-true or novel anticonvulsant drugs? Explore this experts perspective on common anticonvulsants.
https://cliniciansbrief.com/article/anticonvulsants
Learn details of the anticonvulsants drug market - WhaTechLearn details of the anticonvulsants drug market - WhaTech
Anticonvulsants Drug Market is driven by Rising prevalence of epilepsy, Increase in number of migraine, rise in fibromyalgia and increasing sales of existing blockbuster drug Lyrica
https://www.whatech.com/market-research/medical/344580-learn-details-of-the-anticonvulsants-drug-market
Eisais Anti-Epileptic Drug Fycompa Approved In China As Monotherapy For Partial-Onset Seizures And Pediatric Indication For...Eisais Anti-Epileptic Drug Fycompa Approved In China As Monotherapy For Partial-Onset Seizures And Pediatric Indication For...
TOKYO, Aug 2, 2021 - (JCN Newswire via SEAPRWire.com) - Eisai Co., Ltd. announced today that its in-house discovered and developed anti-epileptic drug (AED) Fycompa (generic name: perampanel) has obtained two additional approvals as a monotherapy for partial-onset seizures and an adjunctive treatment / a monotherapy for pediatric indication for partial onset seizures in patients with epilepsy 4 years of age and older in China from the National Medical Products Administration.. Fycompa has already been approved in China as an adjunctive treatment for partial-onset seizures with or without secondarily generalized seizures in patients with epilepsy 12 years of age and older. Through this approval, Fycompa is now available in China as a monotherapy and an adjunctive treatment for partial-onset seizures (with or without secondarily generalized seizures) in patients with epilepsy 4 years of age and older.. The approval covering monotherapy for partial-onset seizures was based on subgroup analysis ...
https://www.tintucfn.com/jcn-newswire/eisais-anti-epileptic-drug-fycompa-approved-in-china-as-monotherapy-for-partial-onset-seizures-and-pediatric-indication-for-partial-onset-seizures/
New Antiepileptic Drugs Epilepsy Research Supplement : Favole di animali.epub
Abstract Regarding efficacy of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) for seizure control, there are three important clinical questions.Download and Read New Antiepileptic Drugs Epilepsy Research Supplement No 3 New Antiepileptic Drugs Epilepsy Research Supplement No 3 It sounds good when knowing the.Several studies show drugs used to treat AEDS reduce bone density, increase risk of fracture, especially for the up to 50% of users unresponsive to AEDS.Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs I: Treatment of new onset epilepsy. new AEDs with many of the non-AED drugs.AMR has developed set of analyst tools and data models to supplement.. Research identifies protein that could help patients respond more positively to epilepsy drug therapies.Seizures and epilepsy: Hope through research. for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy ...
http://smunsa.tk/bycon/new-antiepileptic-drugs-epilepsy-research-supplement-wewy.php
NORSE (New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus) and FIRES (Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome) - NORD (National...NORSE (New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus) and FIRES (Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome) - NORD (National...
Definitions and Summary. New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is defined as a condition, not a specific diagnosis, with new onset of refractory status epilepticus without a clear acute or active structural, toxic or metabolic cause in a patient without active epilepsy. Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition of prolonged seizure activity or repeated seizures without full recovery in between. Status epilepticus that persists despite at least two standard anti-seizure medications is termed refractory status epilepticus (RSE). Most of the common causes of RSE can be identified within 24-72 hours of presentation.. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a subcategory of NORSE that requires a prior febrile infection starting between 2 weeks and 24 hours prior to onset of refractory status epilepticus, with or without fever at onset of status epilepticus.. In up to half of the cases of NORSE, a possible or probable cause is ultimately found, most often autoimmune or ...
https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/new-onset-refractory-status-epilepticus-norse/
Correlation of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant use with outcome of patients with glioblastoma<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Correlation of enzyme-inducing anticonvulsant use with outcome of patients with glioblastoma. AU - Jaeckle, Kurt A.. AU - Ballman, Karla. AU - Furth, Alfred. AU - Buckner, Jan C.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2009/10. Y1 - 2009/10. N2 - BACKGROUND: Clinical trials involving patients with glioblastoma (GBM) distinguish cohorts who are treated with enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants (EIAC). Such anticonvulsants induce hepatic P450 microsomal enzymes, which accelerate the metabolism of certain chemotherapy and molecular targeted agents. However, the resultant effect of such induction on patient outcome has received limited study. METHODS:: We performed a correlative analysis of baseline EIAC use with outcome, using a cross-sectional database of 620 patients with newly diagnosed GBM treated prospectively on North Central Cancer Treatment Group trials. RESULTS: At registration, 72% were receiving treatment with EIAC; 2% were receiving ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/correlation-of-enzyme-inducing-anticonvulsant-use-with-outcome-of-2
AID 1096268 - Anticonvulsant activity in Mus musculus Swiss albino (mouse) assessed as protection against maximal electroshock...AID 1096268 - Anticonvulsant activity in Mus musculus Swiss albino (mouse) assessed as protection against maximal electroshock...
BioAssay record AID 1096268 submitted by ChEMBL: Anticonvulsant activity in Mus musculus Swiss albino (mouse) assessed as protection against maximal electroshock-induced seizure at 300 mg/kg, ip measured at 0.5 hr.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1096268
Monotherapy or polytherapy for childhood epilepsies? | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodMonotherapy or polytherapy for childhood epilepsies? | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were frequently used as polytherapy until evidence from a series of studies in the late 1970s and early 1980s suggested that patients derive as much benefit from monotherapy as polytherapy.1-3 AED polytherapy is increasingly becoming popular again and as much as 30-40% of prescriptions to children are polytherapy.4 ,5 The availability of new-generation AEDs in the last two decades has encouraged polytherapy. AEDs such as lamotrigine, topiramate, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine and zonisamide have been approved for paediatric use and are recommended mostly as adjuncts or as second-line agents.6 Despite the availability of more AEDs, the prevalence of poorly controlled epilepsies still remains the same. About 30% of epilepsies are resistant to treatment.7 Drug-resistant epilepsies almost always require polytherapy, but the question of the best treatment approach when an initial monotherapy fails is still debatable. ...
http://adc.bmj.com/content/101/4/356
Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Oral ContraceptivesEffect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Oral Contraceptives
We found no studies that measure, or even estimate, any increase in pregnancy rates in women taking antiepileptic drugs. Antiepileptic drugs known to induce the hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzyme cause decreased sex hormone levels in women taking oral contraceptives, raising the potential for decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives and increased risk of unplanned pregnancy. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: C, based on small cohort studies). Antiepileptic drugs that do not induce this hepatic isoenzyme are not thought to compromise the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. (SOR: C, based on small cohort studies and randomized controlled trials ...
https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/handle/10355/3783
Anticonvulsant activity of thymoquinone and its structural analoguesAnticonvulsant activity of thymoquinone and its structural analogues
SOUSA, Damião P. de et al. Anticonvulsant activity of thymoquinone and its structural analogues. Rev. bras. farmacogn. [online]. 2011, vol.21, n.3, pp.427-431. Epub Mar 18, 2010. ISSN 0102-695X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000040.. It has been widely reported that the crude oil of Nigella sativa L., Ranunculaceae, seeds and its major chemical component thymoquinone present anticonvulsant activity. These facts led us to verify the pharmacological potential of five structurally related para-benzoquinones on the pentylenotetrazol-induced seizures model, and establish the structural characteristics that influence the anticonvulsant activity of thymoquinone. The unsubstituted para-benzoquinone was the compound that exhibited the highest potency, while 2-methyl-p-benzoquinone was inactive. It was found that the presence of alkyl groups attached to the ring influence the pharmacological activity of the para-benzoquinones. In addition, the number, position, and size of these groups ...
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0102-695X2011000300012&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Design, Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity, Preclinical Study and Pharmacokinetic Performance of N-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3...Design, Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity, Preclinical Study and Pharmacokinetic Performance of N-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3...
Title:Design, Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity, Preclinical Study and Pharmacokinetic Performance of N-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazolin- 2-yl] methyl}, 2-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl) 1-cyclo Hexylidene] Hydrazinecarboxamide. VOLUME: 19 ISSUE: 1. Author(s):Meena K. Yadav and Laxmi Tripathi *. Affiliation:Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow 227101, Uttar Pradesh, Moradabad Educational Trust Group of Institutions, Faculty of Pharmacy, Moradabad 244001, Uttar Pradesh. Keywords:Anticonvulsant activity, computational study, neurotoxicity, pharmacokinetic performance, preclinical (in-vivo) studies, quinazolinone derivative.. Abstract:Background: N-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl] methyl}, 2-[(2- isopropyl-5-methyl) 1-cyclohexylidene] hydrazinecarboxamide QS11 was designed by computational study. It possessed essential pharmacophoric features for anticonvulsant activity and showed good docking with iGluRs (Kainate) glutamate receptor. Methods: QSAR and ...
http://www.eurekaselect.com/167680/article
Compound Derived from Marijuana Interacts with Antiepileptic DrugsCompound Derived from Marijuana Interacts with Antiepileptic Drugs
New research published in Epilepsia, a journal of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), suggests that an investigational neurological treatment derived from cannabis may alter the blood levels of commonly used antiepileptic drugs. It is important for clinicians to consider such drug interactions during treatment of complex conditions.. Cannabidiol (CBD), a compound developed from the cannabis plant, is being studied as a potential anticonvulsant, and it has demonstrated effectiveness in animal models of epilepsy and in humans. An ongoing open label study (Expanded Access Program) conducted by investigators at the University of Alabama at Birmingham is testing the potential of CBD as a therapy for children and adults with difficult to control epilepsy. The study includes 39 adults and 42 children, all of whom receive CBD.. Because all of the participants are also taking other seizure drugs while they are receiving the investigational therapy, investigators checked the blood levels of ...
https://www.laboratoryequipment.com/news/2017/08/compound-derived-marijuana-interacts-antiepileptic-drugs
Joe Lamotrigine Generic Name And Classification, Finally Lamotrigin (Page 1) / Product Knowledge / HnD ForumJoe Lamotrigine Generic Name And Classification, Finally Lamotrigin (Page 1) / Product Knowledge / HnD Forum
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Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |...Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of Pimpinella anisum in rat brain | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |...
The present data indicate the significant effects of anise oil to protect neurons against hypoxia as well as its anticonvulsant properties in in vitro and in vivo animal brain models. Data indicated that pretreatment with anise oil increased the latency and reduced the amplitude and duration of epileptiform burst discharges induced by PTZ injection. Anise oil also extended ATN latency, an effect enhanced by blocking of NMDA receptors. Furthermore, our findings revealed a remarkable reduction of dark neuron production and LTP induction in the hippocampus of rats pre-treated with anise oil.. In line with our results, anti-epileptic effects of anise oil were reported in different animal epilepsy models. Pourgholami et al. [10] showed that essential oil of anise exerted anticonvulsant effects induced by PTZ or maximal electroshock in male mice. Anticonvulsant effect of anise oil was also reported in picrotoxin model of epilepsy in mice [9]. In contrary to these data, it is reported that application ...
https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-12-76
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Mental Health Update: Bipolar disorder, antiepileptics and suicide riskMental Health Update: Bipolar disorder, antiepileptics and suicide risk
People with bipolar disorder are sometimes treated with antiepileptic drugs but there have been worries that these can increase peoples suicide risk. Researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago studied 47,918 people with bipolar disorder, 13,385 of whom were taking antiepileptics. They found that those taking the antiepileptic drugs had similar rates of suicide attempts as those taking lithium or those people who were taking no medication at all. In fact after people started taking the antiepileptic drugs they had a significantly lower rate of suicide attempts than before they had started taking them. Relative to taking no medication at all taking antiepileptic medication led to a fivefold decrease in risk ...
http://mentalhealthupdate.blogspot.com/2009/12/bipolar-disorder-antiepileptics-and.html
EMA CHMP issues positive opinion to Eisais Fycompa for treatment of partial-onset seizuresEMA CHMP issues positive opinion to Eisais Fycompa for treatment of partial-onset seizures
Eisai announced today that the European Medicines Agencys Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has issued a positive opinion for the use of Fycompa (perampanel) as an adjunctive treatment of partial-onset seizures, with or without secondarily generalised seizures, in patients with epilepsy aged 12 years and older.
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20120529/EMA-CHMP-issues-positive-opinion-to-Eisaie28099s-Fycompa-for-treatment-of-partial-onset-seizures.aspx
Vimpat For Uncontrolled Partial-Onset Seizures | Epilepsy TalkVimpat For Uncontrolled Partial-Onset Seizures | Epilepsy Talk
A recent multi-center study has confirmed earlier study results that 400 mg/day of Lacosamide (Vimpat) provides a good balance of efficacy and tolerability for patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures (POS), and doses of 600mg/day may provide additional benefit for some patients.
https://epilepsytalk.com/2010/07/20/vimpat-validated-as-promising-therapy-for-uncontrolled-partial-onset-seizures/
Vimpat For Uncontrolled Partial-Onset Seizures | Epilepsy TalkVimpat For Uncontrolled Partial-Onset Seizures | Epilepsy Talk
A recent multi-center study has confirmed earlier study results that 400 mg/day of Lacosamide (Vimpat) provides a good balance of efficacy and tolerability for patients with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures (POS), and doses of 600mg/day may provide additional benefit for some patients.
https://epilepsytalk.com/2010/07/20/vimpat-validated-as-promising-therapy-for-uncontrolled-partial-onset-seizures/?like_comment=1123&_wpnonce=74aac735ca
Vigabatrin | CNS Diseases
New Anti-Epileptic Drugs Only American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guidelines evaluating efficacy of new anti-epileptic drugs state only that lamotrigine is effective in children with newly diagnosed absence seizures (level B recommendation). Ethosuximide After ethosuximide was described as effective in absence epilepsy in 1958, a number of open-label, non-comparative studies where ethosuximide was added to… Read More ». ...
http://cnsdiseases.com/tag/vigabatrin
Molecules | Free Full-Text | The Anticonvulsant Activity of a Flavonoid-Rich Extract from Orange Juice Involves both NMDA and...Molecules | Free Full-Text | The Anticonvulsant Activity of a Flavonoid-Rich Extract from Orange Juice Involves both NMDA and...
The usage of dietary supplements and other natural products to treat neurological diseases has been growing over time, and accumulating evidence suggests that flavonoids possess anticonvulsant properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a flavonoid-rich extract from orange juice (OJe) in some rodent models of epilepsy and to explore its possible mechanism of action. The genetically audiogenic seizures (AGS)-susceptible DBA/2 mouse, the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in ICR-CD1 mice and the WAG/Rij rat as a genetic model of absence epilepsy with comorbidity of depression were used. Our results demonstrate that OJe was able to exert anticonvulsant effects on AGS-sensible DBA/2 mice and to inhibit PTZ-induced tonic seizures, increasing their latency. Conversely, it did not have anti-absence effects on WAG/Rij rats. Our experimental findings suggest that the anti-convulsant effects of OJe are likely mediated by both an inhibition of NMDA receptors at the glycine-binding site
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/21/9/1261
Treatment Of Childhood Absence Epilepsy: American Academy Of Neurology Guidelines | CNS Diseases
New Anti-Epileptic Drugs Only American Academy of Neurology (AAN) guidelines evaluating efficacy of new anti-epileptic drugs state only that lamotrigine is
http://cnsdiseases.com/treatment-of-childhood-absence-epilepsy-american-academy-of-neurology-guidelines
Epilepsy drug could help treat Alzheimers disease - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comEpilepsy drug could help treat Alzheimers disease - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
The findings, published today in Alzheimers Research & Therapy, reinforce the theory that brain hyperexcitability plays an important role in Alzheimers disease, and that anticonvulsant drugs - drugs that prevent or reduce the severity of seizures - represent a promising treatment that deserve further human studies.. In previous studies, several groups have tested the effects of the widely used anticonvulsant drug levetiracetam in both rodent models as well as two clinical trials in patients with early signs of Alzheimers disease. The findings suggest it may slow some of the symptoms of the disease, including memory loss.. In this newest research, Dr. Haakon Nygaard, the Fipke Professor in Alzheimers Research in UBCs Faculty of Medicine, tested the effects of brivaracetam, an anticonvulsant drug still in clinical development for epilepsy, and closely related to levetiracetam. Since it is 10 times more potent than levetiracetam, it can be used at lower dosages. Nygaard and his colleagues ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/brain-nerves/alzheimers/63178-epilepsy-drug-could-help-treat-alzheimers-disease.html
Is carbamazepine a human teratogen? - UQ eSpace
The foetal outcomes of 2,635 pregnancies recorded in the Australian Pregnancy Register were studied. In at least the initial 4 months of 515 pregnancies, there had been no intrauterine exposure to antiepileptic drugs, though the women involved in 264 of these pregnancies took antiepileptic drugs in later pregnancies. Compared with these 515 drug-unexposed pregnancies, foetal malformations risks were increased more than five-fold in association with valproate monotherapy, and more than doubled in association with carbamazepine monotherapy (p , 0.05). There were no statistically significant increases in malformation rates associated with other more commonly used antiepileptic drugs, while the malformation risk in relation to levetiracetam exposure was lower than that in the drug-unexposed pregnancies. The published literature has rather consistently shown raised malformation rates associated with carbamazepine monotherapy, though only once was it statistically significant. There now appears to be ...
https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:376302
Neuropharmacology of Antiepileptic Drugs - ppt downloadNeuropharmacology of Antiepileptic Drugs - ppt download
Outline Definitions Seizure vs. Epilepsy Antiepileptic drugs History of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) AEDs: Molecular and cellular mechanisms Cellular mechanisms of seizure generation Pharmacokinetic principles Drug metabolism enzymes AED inducers AED inhibitors AED Serum Concentrations Definitions: Therapeutic Index, Steady state Pharmacodynamic interactions Comparative pharmacokinetics of old vs. new AEDs Pharmacokinetics in special populations Metabolic changes of AEDs AEDs and drug interactions Adverse effects Acute vs. chronic Idiosyncratic Case Studies American Epilepsy Society 2011
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4385588/
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Zebrafish Bioassay-Guided Microfractionation Identifies Anticonvulsant by Soura Challal, Olivia Erin M. Buenafe et al.Zebrafish Bioassay-Guided Microfractionation Identifies Anticonvulsant by Soura Challal, Olivia Erin M. Buenafe et al.
Medicinal plants used for the treatment of epilepsy are potentially a valuable source of novel antiepileptic small molecules. To identify anticonvulsant secondary metabolites, we performed an in vivo, zebrafish-based screen of medicinal plants used in Southeast Asia for the treatment of seizures. Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae) was identified as having significant anticonvulsant activity in zebrafish larvae with seizures induced by the GABAA antagonist pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). This finding correlates well with the ethnomedical use of this plant in the Philippines, where a water decoction of S. torvum leaves is used to treat epileptic seizures. HPLC microfractionation of the bioactive crude extract, in combination with the in vivo zebrafish seizure assay, enabled the rapid localization of several bioactive compounds that were partially identified online by UHPLC-TOF-MS as steroid glycosides. Targeted isolation of the active constituents from the methanolic extract enabled the complete de novo structure
https://archium.ateneo.edu/chemistry-faculty-pubs/111/
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzo[D]Thiazole with Dimethylpyrazol DerivativesDesign, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzo[D]Thiazole with Dimethylpyrazol Derivatives
A series of new benzothiazole derivatives containing dimethylpyrazole were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity, neurotoxicity and cytotoxicity by using the maximal electroshock (MES), rotarod neurotoxicity (TOX) and MTT colorimetric assay. Among the compounds studied, four compounds (6a, 6b, 6g and 6m) showed better anticonvulsant than the others at 300 mg/kg and they also showed anticonvulsant activity at the dose of 100 mg/kg. All the synthetic compounds showed lower neurotoxicity and little cytotoxicity, so that the compounds, which with better activities, also had higher protective index. In particular, the compound 6g, 2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-((2-fluorobenzyl)oxy)benzo[d]thiazole showed better activity with an ED50 value of 160.4 mg/kg and higher protective index (PI) values of 2.74 in the MES test than the standard drugs sodium valproate, which used as positive controls in this study. After that the compound 6g demonstrated antagonistic activity against seizures
http://journal.waocp.org/article_88821.html
Investigating the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the electrophysiology of vision - Aston Research ExplorerInvestigating the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the electrophysiology of vision - Aston Research Explorer
The principal aim of this work was to examine the effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on vision. Vigabatrin acts by increasing GABA at brain inhibitory synapses by irreversibly binding to GABA-transaminase. Remacemide is a novel non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist and fast sodium channel inhibitor that results in the inhibition of the NMDA receptors located in the neuronal membrane calcium channels increasing glutamate in the brain. Vigabatrin has been shown to cause a specific pattern of visual field loss, as one in three adults taking vigabatrin have shown a bilateral concentric constriction. Remacemide has unknown effects on vision. The majority of studies of the effects of AEDs on vision have not included the paediatric population due to difficulties assessing visual field function using standard perimetry testing. Evidently an alternative test is required to establish and monitor visual field problems associated with AEDs both in children and in adults who cannot comply with ...
https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/investigating-the-effects-of-antiepileptic-drugs-on-the-electroph
Antiepileptic Drugs - Carbamazepine Tablets Exporter from PalgharAntiepileptic Drugs - Carbamazepine Tablets Exporter from Palghar
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Klonopin: Anticonvulsant Medication to Treat Panic DisorderKlonopin: Anticonvulsant Medication to Treat Panic Disorder
Klonopin is an antiepileptic medication used to treat panic disorder and certain types of seizures. Learn about its uses, side effects, and dosages here.
https://www.additudemag.com/medication/klonopin/
Seizure suppression by adenosine-releasing cells is independent of seizure frequency - InfoscienceSeizure suppression by adenosine-releasing cells is independent of seizure frequency - Infoscience
PURPOSE: Intraventricular cellular delivery of adenosine was recently shown to be transiently efficient in the suppression of seizure activity in the rat kindling model of epilepsy. We tested whether the suppression of seizures by adenosine-releasing grafts was independent of seizure frequency. METHODS: Adenosine-releasing cells were encapsulated and grafted into the lateral brain ventricle of rats kindled in the hippocampus. During 4 weeks after grafting, electric test stimulations were delivered at a frequency of either once a week or 3 times per week. Seizure activity was evaluated by visual scoring of seizure severity and by the recording of EEGs. RESULTS: Adenosine released from encapsulated cells exerted potent antiepileptic activity for |/=2 weeks. One week after grafting, treated rats displayed a complete protection from clonic seizures, and a protection from focal seizures was observed in the majority of animals. Seizure suppression was accompanied by a reduction of afterdischarges in EEG
https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/126102
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Anticonvulsant effect of xenon on neonatal asphyxial seizures | ADC Fetal & Neonatal EditionAnticonvulsant effect of xenon on neonatal asphyxial seizures | ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition
Xenon, a monoatomic gas with very high tissue solubility, is a non-competitive inhibitor of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor, has antiapoptotic effects and is neuroprotective following hypoxic ischaemic injury in animals. Xenon may be expected to have anticonvulsant effects through glutamate receptor blockade, but this has not previously been demonstrated clinically. We examined seizure activity on the real time and amplitude integrated EEG records of 14 full-term infants with perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy treated within 12 h of birth with 30% inhaled xenon for 24 h combined with 72 h of moderate systemic hypothermia. Seizures were identified on 5 of 14 infants. Seizures stopped during xenon therapy but recurred within a few minutes of withdrawing xenon and stopped again after xenon was restarted. Our data show that subanaesthetic levels of xenon may have an anticonvulsant effect. Inhaled xenon may be a valuable new therapy in this hard-to-treat population.. ...
https://fn.bmj.com/content/98/5/F437
Promoting faster pathways to surgery: a clinical audit of patients with refractory epilepsy | BMC Neurology | Full TextPromoting faster pathways to surgery: a clinical audit of patients with refractory epilepsy | BMC Neurology | Full Text
Individuals with epilepsy who cannot be adequately controlled with anti-epileptic drugs, refractory epilepsy, may be suitable for surgical treatment following detailed assessment. This is a complex process and there are concerns over delays in referring refractory epilepsy patients for surgery and subsequent treatment. The aim of this study was to explore the different patient pathways, referral and surgical timeframes, and surgical and medical treatment options for refractory epilepsy patients referred to two Tertiary Epilepsy Clinics in New South Wales, Australia. Clinical records were reviewed for 50 patients attending the two clinics, in two large teaching hospitals (25 in Clinic 1; 25 in Clinic 2. A purpose-designed audit tool collected detailed aspects of outpatient consultations and treatment. Patients with refractory epilepsy with their first appointment in 2014 were reviewed for up to six visits until the end of 2016. Data collection included: patient demographics, type of epilepsy, drug
https://bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12883-019-1255-0/figures/1
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Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Beneficial Interaction of Thymoquinone and Sodium Valproate in Experimental Models of Epilepsy:...Sci. Pharm. | Free Full-Text | Beneficial Interaction of Thymoquinone and Sodium Valproate in Experimental Models of Epilepsy:...
The antiepileptic potential of thymoquinone (TQ) was studied in mice by using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock seizure (MES)-induced convulsion models. In this investigation, the combined treatment of TQ and sodium valproate (SVP) was also studied. The aim of this part was to minimize SVPinduced hepatotoxic implications, by reducing its antiepileptic dose. TQ in both PTZ- and MES- models increased SVP potency. The experiments dealing with the effects of TQ on the ED50 of SVP revealed that TQ reduced the ED50 of SVP in both the models. However, this potentiation of SVP antiepileptic response was relatively more significant in PTZ model at both 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of TQ. Although very well tolerated and effective, SVP is well known for its hapatotoxic implications. In the experiment dealing with subacute treatment, SVP (1300-1500mg/kg/day in drinking water) for 21 days, produced hepatotoxicity in mice, characterized by elevated serum ALT and AST, reduced levels of non protein
http://www.mdpi.com/2218-0532/74/4/159
Eslicarbazepine acetate - WikipediaEslicarbazepine acetate - Wikipedia
Eslicarbazepine acetate (trade names Aptiom in North America, Zebinix in Europe, Exalief in Russia), abbreviated as ESL, is an anticonvulsant medication approved for use in Europe and the United States as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy (additional therapy) for partial-onset seizures epilepsy. Similarly to oxcarbazepine, ESL behaves as a prodrug to (S)-(+)-licarbazepine. As such, their mechanisms of action are identical. Eslicarbazepine acetate is contraindicated in people with second- or third-degree atrioventricular block, a type of heart block, and in people who are hypersensitive to eslicarbazepine, oxcarbazepine or carbazepine. Adverse effects are similar to oxcarbazepine. The most common ones (more than 10% of patients) are tiredness and dizziness. Other fairly common side effects (1 to 10%) include impaired coordination, gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting, rash (1.1%), and hyponatraemia (low sodium blood levels, 1.2%). There may also be an increased risk ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eslicarbazepine_acetate
Medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) diet in intractable seizure disorders | NeurologyMedium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) diet in intractable seizure disorders | Neurology
Seventeen patients with intractable seizures have been treated with the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet. All had frequent (often daily) seizures despite multiple medications. Age range was 12 months to 13 years. Types of seizures included myoclonic, akinetic, focal motor, atypical absence, generalized tonic, rind tonic-clonic. Five patients achieved total seizure control, and anticonvulsants were decreased or stopped. Five others had some improvement in seizure control. No change was seen in two. In two cases, parents could not deal with the diet, even though total control had been achieved in one case. The diet had to be discontinued in three others because of side effects (diarrhea, vomiting, irritability). Intractable seizure of all types may responld to treatment with the MCT diet. This mode of therapy has few side effects, is tolerated well in most instances, and can result in reduction or discontinuation of anticonvulsant medications.. ...
https://n.neurology.org/content/35/2/237.short
Important Safety Info | DILANTIN® (extended phenytoin sodium capsules, USP) | Safety InfoImportant Safety Info | DILANTIN® (extended phenytoin sodium capsules, USP) | Safety Info
Do not stop taking DILANTIN without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping DILANTIN suddenly can cause serious problems. Stopping a seizure medicine suddenly in a patient who has epilepsy can cause seizures that will not stop (status epilepticus).. Do not change your dose of DILANTIN without talking to your healthcare provider. Only your doctor can recommend changing your medication. When a change in the dosage form or brand is prescribed, careful monitoring of phenytoin serum levels should be carried out by your doctor.. Like other antiepileptic drugs, DILANTIN may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500. Before you take DILANTIN, tell your healthcare provider if you have or have had depression, mood problems, or suicidal thoughts or behavior. Call a healthcare provider right away if you have thoughts about suicide or dying, attempts to commit suicide, new or worse depression, new or worse anxiety, feeling agitated or restless, panic ...
https://www.dilantin.com/safety-info
Site Map | DILANTIN® (extended phenytoin sodium capsules, USP)Site Map | DILANTIN® (extended phenytoin sodium capsules, USP)
Do not stop taking DILANTIN without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping DILANTIN suddenly can cause serious problems. Stopping a seizure medicine suddenly in a patient who has epilepsy can cause seizures that will not stop (status epilepticus).. Do not change your dose of DILANTIN without talking to your healthcare provider. Only your doctor can recommend changing your medication. When a change in the dosage form or brand is prescribed, careful monitoring of phenytoin serum levels should be carried out by your doctor.. Like other antiepileptic drugs, DILANTIN may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500. Before you take DILANTIN, tell your healthcare provider if you have or have had depression, mood problems, or suicidal thoughts or behavior. Call a healthcare provider right away if you have thoughts about suicide or dying, attempts to commit suicide, new or worse depression, new or worse anxiety, feeling agitated or restless, panic ...
https://www.dilantin.com/sitemap
PheneturidePheneturide
Anticonvulsants, Imides, Ureas, All stub articles, Anticonvulsant stubs). ... Pheneturide has a similar profile of anticonvulsant activity and toxicity relative to phenacemide. As such, it is only used in ... 335-. ISBN 978-94-011-6223-4. Vida J (19 July 2013). Anticonvulsants. Elsevier. pp. 4, 42. ISBN 978-0-323-14395-0. deStevens G ... Pheneturide inhibits the metabolism and thus increases the levels of other anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin. Phenacemide ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheneturide
LofepramineLofepramine
Anticonvulsants. Possibly reduce the anticonvulsant effect of antiepileptics by lowering the seizure threshold. Antihistamines ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lofepramine
EterobarbEterobarb
It has mainly anticonvulsant action with less sedative effects than the closely related compound phenobarbital. It saw ... Smith DB, Goldstein SG, Roomet A (1986). "A comparison of the toxicity effects of the anticonvulsant eterobarb (antilon, DMMP) ... Gallagher BB, Baumel IP, Woodbury SG, Dimicco JA (May 1975). "Clinical evaluation of eterobarb, a new anticonvulsant drug". ... Vida JA, Wilber WR, Reinhard JF (March 1971). "Anticonvulsants. 2. Acyloxymethyl and halomethyl derivatives of barbituric acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eterobarb
PhenaglycodolPhenaglycodol
Vida J (19 July 2013). Anticonvulsants. Elsevier. pp. 578-. ISBN 978-0-323-14395-0. Haddad LM, Winchester JF (1983). Clinical ... is a drug described as a tranquilizer or sedative which has anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties. It is related ... Anticonvulsants, Anxiolytics, Sedatives, All stub articles, Sedative stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenaglycodol
HydantoinHydantoin
"Hydantoin anticonvulsants". drugs.com. Drauz, Karlheinz; Grayson, Ian; Kleemann, Axel; Krimmer, Hans-Peter; Leuchtenberger, ... In pharmaceuticals, hydantoin derivatives form a class of anticonvulsants; phenytoin and fosphenytoin both contain hydantoin ... moieties and are both used as anticonvulsants in the treatment of seizure disorders. The hydantoin derivative dantrolene is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydantoin
EthchlorvynolEthchlorvynol
McLamore WM, P'an SY, Bavley A (1955). "Hypnotics and Anticonvulsants. II. Halogenated Tertiary Acetylenic Carbinols". Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethchlorvynol
ClonazepamClonazepam
Tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of clonazepam occurs in both animals and humans. In humans, tolerance to the ... The anticonvulsant properties of benzodiazepines are due to the enhancement of synaptic GABA responses, and the inhibition of ... It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is typically taken by ... Battistin L, Varotto M, Berlese G, Roman G (February 1984). "Effects of some anticonvulsant drugs on brain GABA level and GAD ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam
TinnitusTinnitus
It is unclear if anticonvulsants are useful for treating tinnitus. Steroid injections into the middle ear also do not seem to ... Hoekstra, Carlijn EL; Rynja, Sybren P; van Zanten, Gijsbert A; Rovers, Maroeska M (6 July 2011). "Anticonvulsants for tinnitus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinnitus
PhenobarbitalPhenobarbital
The drug was quickly adopted as the first widely effective anti-convulsant, though World War I delayed its introduction in the ... Among anti-convulsant drugs, behavioural disturbances occur most frequently with clonazepam and phenobarbital. Acute ... Direct blockade of excitatory glutamate signaling is also believed to contribute to the hypnotic/anticonvulsant effect that is ... The treatment of simple febrile seizures with anticonvulsant prophylaxis is no longer recommended. Phenobarbital is the INN and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenobarbital
Benign neonatal seizuresBenign neonatal seizures
Anticonvulsants are not needed. And those affected do not develop epilepsy when they grow up. Jerome Engel; Timothy A. Pedley; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_neonatal_seizures
Stevens-Johnson syndromeStevens-Johnson syndrome
... anticonvulsants) and trimethoprim. Combining lamotrigine with sodium valproate increases the risk of SJS. Nonsteroidal anti- ... "Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis due to anticonvulsants share certain clinical and laboratory features ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevens–Johnson_syndrome
Cocaine dependenceCocaine dependence
Anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and topiramate, do not appear to be effective as treatment. ... Minozzi, S; Cinquini, M; Amato, L; Davoli, M; Farrell, MF; Pani, PP; Vecchi, S (April 2015). "Anticonvulsants for cocaine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine_dependence
AlcoholismAlcoholism
Hammond CJ, Niciu MJ, Drew S, Arias AJ (April 2015). "Anticonvulsants for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and ... At the current stage of research, evidence supporting the clinical use of anticonvulsants to treat alcohol dependence is ... Results are conditioned by heterogeneity and by the low number and quality of studies comparing anticonvulsants versus other ... Pani PP, Trogu E, Pacini M, Maremmani I (February 2014). "Anticonvulsants for alcohol dependence". The Cochrane Database of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcoholism
TolufazepamTolufazepam
Hrib NJ, Martin LL (1989). Chapter 2. Antianxiety Agents and Anticonvulsants. Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry. Vol. 24. ... Studies have shown tolufazepam to have anticonvulsant and anxiolytic activity in animal subjects, including convulsions ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolufazepam
Alcohol withdrawal syndromeAlcohol withdrawal syndrome
Long term anticonvulsant medications are not usually recommended in those who have had prior seizures due to withdrawal. There ... A 2010 Cochrane review similarly reported that the evidence to support the role of anticonvulsants over benzodiazepines in the ... Hammond CJ, Niciu MJ, Drew S, Arias AJ (April 2015). "Anticonvulsants for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome and ... Minozzi S, Amato L, Vecchi S, Davoli M (March 2010). Minozzi S (ed.). "Anticonvulsants for alcohol withdrawal". The Cochrane ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_withdrawal_syndrome
BarbiturateBarbiturate
Tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects tends to correlate more with tolerance to physiological effects, however, meaning that ... Nau H; Kuhnz W; Egger HJ; Rating D; Helge H (November 1982). "Anticonvulsants during pregnancy and lactation. Transplacental, ... However, barbiturates are still used as anticonvulsants (e.g., phenobarbital and primidone) and general anesthetics (e.g., ... Barbiturates are effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants, but have physical and psychological addiction ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate
DepressantDepressant
... anticonvulsant, anesthesia) Procymate (Equipax) (sedative, anxiolytic) Styramate (Sinaxamol) (muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant) ... Felbamate is an anticonvulsant that was approved in 1993 that is commonly used today. It is a GABAA positive allosteric ... Like most anticonvulsants, pregabalin and gabapentin have an increased risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Gabapentinoids ... Most anticonvulsant's like Lamotrigine and Phenytoin are depressants. Carbamate's (Felbamate Carisoprodol) are depressants that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressant
MeningitisMeningitis
Seizures are treated with anticonvulsants. Hydrocephalus (obstructed flow of CSF) may require insertion of a temporary or long- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis
PsychosisPsychosis
Gray LA (2020-03-01). "Anticonvulsant toxicity". Medicine. 48 (3): 192-193. doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2019.12.011. ISSN 1357-3039. ... and some anticonvulsants such as vigabatrin. The first brain image of an individual with psychosis was completed as far back as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosis
Cleft lip and cleft palateCleft lip and cleft palate
... anticonvulsant drugs; nitrate compounds; organic solvents; parental exposure to lead; alcohol; cigarette use; and a number of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_lip_and_cleft_palate
PrimidonePrimidone
Like many anticonvulsants, primidone interacts with other anticonvulsants. Clobazam decreases clearance of primidone,Mesuximide ... Primidone is one of the anticonvulsants associated with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, others being carbamazepine, ... Primidone is an anticonvulsant of the barbiturate class. How it works is not entirely clear. Primidone was approved for medical ... The anticonvulsant users who get this also tend to eat monotonous diets devoid of fruits and vegetables. This antagonistic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primidone
California encephalitis orthobunyavirusCalifornia encephalitis orthobunyavirus
Anticonvulsants are used to prevent seizures. If brain function is severely affected, interventions like physical therapy and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_encephalitis_orthobunyavirus
HepatitisHepatitis
... anticonvulsants such as valproate and phenytoin; cholesterol-lowering statins; steroids such as oral contraceptives and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis
Temple-Baraitser syndromeTemple-Baraitser syndrome
Anticonvulsants are used to control epilepsy. With fewer than 100 cases having been reported worldwide, the exact prevalence is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple–Baraitser_syndrome
MalariaMalaria
Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group) (2002-04-22). "Routine anticonvulsants for treating cerebral malaria". The Cochrane ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndromePosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Those with seizures are administered anticonvulsants. If there is a hypertensive emergency, the blood pressure is lowered by 20 ... such as anticonvulsants for seizures. PRES may be complicated by intracranial hemorrhage, but this is relatively rare. The ... a small proportion of people remains at risk of ongoing seizures and the majority can eventually discontinue anticonvulsant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_reversible_encephalopathy_syndrome
MumpsMumps
For seizures, anticonvulsants may be used. In severe neurological cases, ventilators may be used to support breathing. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumps
ChlordiazepoxideChlordiazepoxide
... is anticonvulsant. There is preferential storage of chlordiazepoxide in some organs including the heart of the ... Miller JA, Richter JA (January 1985). "Effects of anticonvulsants in vivo on high affinity choline uptake in vitro in mouse ... This may play a role in chlordiazepoxide's anticonvulsant properties. Chlordiazepoxide is a long-acting benzodiazepine drug. ... Chlordiazepoxide is similar to phenobarbital in its anticonvulsant properties. However, it lacks the hypnotic effects of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide
GABA analogueGABA analogue
... anticonvulsant; GABA receptor agonist Pregabalin (β-isobutyl-GABA) - analgesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and drug of abuse; ... anticonvulsant Tolgabide (complex structure) - anticonvulsant 1,4-Butanediol - metabolic intermediate and prodrug to GHB 3- ... anticonvulsant/mood stabilizer; inhibitor of HDAC, SSADH, and GABA-T, blocker of VDSCs and GABA reuptake, AR/PR antagonist ... especially as anticonvulsants, sedatives, and anxiolytics,any of the drugs Binds with selective receptor are becomes channel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_analogue
John Cutting (psychiatrist)John Cutting (psychiatrist)
PMID 2685305.. Cutting, John (1990). "Clinical Use of Anticonvulsants in Psychiatric Disorders". Journal of Neurology, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cutting_(psychiatrist)
Cervical Disc Disease Medication: Corticosteroids, Anticonvulsants, AnalgesicsCervical Disc Disease Medication: Corticosteroids, Anticonvulsants, Analgesics
Anticonvulsants. Class Summary. Use of certain anti-epileptic drugs, such as the GABA analogue Neurontin (gabapentin), has ... Has anticonvulsant properties and antineuralgic effects; however, exact mechanism of action is unknown. Structurally related to ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/305720-124411/which-medications-are-indicated-in-the-treatment-of-cervical-disc-disease
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Medication: Antivirals, Anticonvulsants, DiureticsHerpes Simplex Encephalitis Medication: Antivirals, Anticonvulsants, Diuretics
Anticonvulsants. Class Summary. Anticonvulsants are used to terminate clinical and electrical seizure activity as rapidly as ...
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1165183-medication
Major system toxicities and side effects of anticonvulsantsMajor system toxicities and side effects of anticonvulsants
Although they have characteristics in common, the anticonvulsants currently used are quite diverse and vary in their spectrum ... The use of anticonvulsants is expanding in the treatment of bipolar and related disorders. ... Anticonvulsants can also be associated with fetal toxicity, especially neural tube defects. In general, anticonvulsants are ... The use of anticonvulsants is expanding in the treatment of bipolar and related disorders. Although they have characteristics ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11469670/
CNS Whipple Disease Medication: Antibiotics for the induction period, AnticonvulsantsCNS Whipple Disease Medication: Antibiotics for the induction period, Anticonvulsants
Anticonvulsants. Class Summary. Various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and benzodiazepines reportedly have been tried to control ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1166639-medication
Anticonvulsants Market Size, Share | Global Industry Report, 2014-2025Anticonvulsants Market Size, Share | Global Industry Report, 2014-2025
The Anticonvulsants are the diverse group of the pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. ... Anticonvulsants Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product Type (Barbiturates, Aldehydes, Benzodiazepines, ...
https://www.grandviewresearch.com/checkout/select-license/anticonvulsants-market
Pages that link to Anticonvulsant - ConservapediaPages that link to "Anticonvulsant" - Conservapedia
The following pages link to Anticonvulsant: View (previous 50 , next 50) (20 , 50 , 100 , 250 , 500) ...
https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Special:WhatLinksHere/Anticonvulsant&hideredirs=1&limit=50
Anticonvulsants, Benzodiazepine | Drug, OTCs & Herbals | Medscape ReferenceAnticonvulsants, Benzodiazepine | Drug, OTCs & Herbals | Medscape Reference
Anticonvulsants, Benzodiazepine: Dosing, Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Patient Handouts, Pricing and more from Medscape ...
https://reference.medscape.com/drugs/anticonvulsants-benzodiazepine
Caraco to market generic version of anticonvulsant drug | Crains Detroit BusinessCaraco to market generic version of anticonvulsant drug | Crain's Detroit Business
The drug is an anticonvulsant, used to treat seizures related to epilepsy and neurosurgery. ...
https://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20061219/SUB/61219024/caraco-to-market-generic-version-of-anticonvulsant-drug
Anticonvulsants Market Entry, Expansion, and Business Strategies Forecasts By 2031Anticonvulsants Market Entry, Expansion, and Business Strategies Forecasts By 2031
The Global Anticonvulsants market size will grow at a compound annual growth rate over the period (2018-2028). ... Common uses for Anticonvulsants Market: The range of applications for which these Anticonvulsants are used. ... What challenges could the Anticonvulsants market face in its future? - What are the leading companies on the Anticonvulsants ... Types of Anticonvulsants: Different types of Anticonvulsants market. Epilepsy. Fibromyalgia. Migraine. Neuropathic pain. ...
https://www.einpresswire.com/article/580853548/anticonvulsants-market-entry-expansion-and-business-strategies-forecasts-by-2031
Anticonvulsant Use for Epileptics - WSAVA2005 - VINAnticonvulsant Use for Epileptics - WSAVA2005 - VIN
This drug has anticonvulsant properties but is not a sedative. However, it has not been shown to be an effective AED in the dog ... Tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam develops in 1-2 weeks in the dog. It therefore has limited use in dogs. ... Gabapentin is a recent addition to the human anti-convulsant market, which has primarily been used as an adjunctive drug for ... Phenobarbital levels should be monitored in dogs on primidone as they correlate better with anticonvulsant efficacy than ...
https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11196&meta=Generic&catId=30758&id=3854289
Anticonvulsant drugs and the skin | DermNetAnticonvulsant drugs and the skin | DermNet
Cutaneous adverse effects of anticonvulsant drugs, Antiepileptic medicines. Authoritative facts from DermNet New Zealand. ... Types of skin reactions to anticonvulsant drugs, Specific reactions to anticonvulsant drugs, Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity ... Introduction Anticonvulsant drugs Adverse cutaneous reactions Genetic predisposition to adverse reactions to anticonvulsants ... Anticonvulsant drugs. Anticonvulsant drugs, also known as antiepileptic or antiseizure drugs, are a diverse group of ...
https://dermnetnz.org/topics/cutaneous-adverse-effects-of-anticonvulsant-drugs
Maintenance Anticonvulsant or Antiepileptic Therapy - Pharmacology - Merck Veterinary ManualMaintenance Anticonvulsant or Antiepileptic Therapy - Pharmacology - Merck Veterinary Manual
Learn about the veterinary topic of Maintenance Anticonvulsant or Antiepileptic Therapy. Find specific details on this topic ... Newer or Adjunctive Anticonvulsants Levetiracetam: This pyrrolidine-based anticonvulsant has an unknown mechanism of action. It ... Maintenance Anticonvulsant or Antiepileptic Therapy By Linda Shell , DVM, DACVIM-Neurology, Ross University School of ... Maintenance Antiepileptic Drugs (Anticonvulsants) In dogs, phenobarbital and bromide are considered first-line maintenance AEDs ...
https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-nervous-system/maintenance-anticonvulsant-or-antiepileptic-therapy
Tough seizures: When the first anticonvulsant failsTough seizures: When the first anticonvulsant fails
Not all anticonvulsants are equally effective in treating the different epilepsy types, however, and an anticonvulsant can ... Is it the right anticonvulsant? Assuming the child is indeed having seizures, the choice of anticonvulsant should be carefully ... The choice of many parents to defer use of an anticonvulsant is an understandable one. All anticonvulsants can cause side ... Obviously, no anticonvulsant will work if it is not taken. In cases where patients are nonadherent, are side effects the major ...
https://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/view/tough-seizures-when-first-anticonvulsant-fails
Take Gabapentin as an AnticonvulsantTake Gabapentin as an Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, ... Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological ... Take Gabapentin as an Anticonvulsant. Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs) are ... Anticonvulsants suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons during seizures. Anticonvulsants also prevent the spread of ...
https://drugstores4u.com/take-gabapentin-as-an-anticonvulsant/
Review: anticonvulsant drugs relieve chronic but not acute pain | BMJ Evidence-Based MedicineReview: anticonvulsant drugs relieve chronic but not acute pain | BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
https://ebm.bmj.com/content/6/2/51.info
Plus itPlus it
U-54494A: a unique anticonvulsant related to kappa opioid agonists.. P F VonVoigtlander, E D Hall, M C Ochoa, R A Lewis and H J ... U-54494A: a unique anticonvulsant related to kappa opioid agonists.. P F VonVoigtlander, E D Hall, M C Ochoa, R A Lewis and H J ... U-54494A: a unique anticonvulsant related to kappa opioid agonists.. P F VonVoigtlander, E D Hall, M C Ochoa, R A Lewis and H J ... U-54494A: a unique anticonvulsant related to kappa opioid agonists. Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/243/2/542
AID 1083696 - Anticonvulsant activity in Mus musculus C57B/6 (mouse) assessed protection against subcutaneous...AID 1083696 - Anticonvulsant activity in Mus musculus C57B/6 (mouse) assessed protection against subcutaneous...
Anticonvulsant activity in Mus musculus C57B/6 (mouse) assessed protection against subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole-induced ...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/1083696
Pneumotox » Drug » Anticonvulsants » X.b - Antiphospholipid antibodies w/wo the APL syndrome
The Pneumotox website uses cookies. By accessing or using our website, you consent to the collection, use and disclosure of the garnered information in accordance with our privacy policy. ...
https://www.pneumotox.com/effect/view/457/anticonvulsants/2993/antiphospholipid-antibodies-w-wo-the-apl-syndrome
Local Anaesthetics as Anticonvulsants | Anesthesiology | American Society of AnesthesiologistsLocal Anaesthetics as Anticonvulsants | Anesthesiology | American Society of Anesthesiologists
Local Anaesthetics as Anticonvulsants John S. Lundy, M.D. John S. Lundy, M.D. ... John S. Lundy; Local Anaesthetics as Anticonvulsants. Anesthesiology 1966; 27:104-405 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542- ...
https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/27/1/104/17423/Local-Anaesthetics-as-Anticonvulsants
Anticonvulsant drugs for the treatment of pain: Gabapentin and Pregabalin - Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS TrustAnticonvulsant drugs for the treatment of pain: Gabapentin and Pregabalin - Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust
What are anticonvulsant drugs?. Anticonvulsant drugs are a group of drugs normally used to treat epilepsy which are also useful ... If the anticonvulsants help your pain then you can continue to take them for as long as you need them. If you do not feel any ... Anticonvulsants work by changing the way nerves send messages to your brain. They can also help you sleep at night as one of ... Anticonvulsant drugs usually come in the form of a capsule or tablet and are taken 1 to 3 times a day depending on the ...
https://www.bsuh.nhs.uk/documents/anticonvulsant-drugs-for-the-treatment-of-pain/
Obesity anticonvulsants Obesity phenytoin Archives | Premilife - Homeopathic RemediesObesity anticonvulsants Obesity phenytoin Archives | Premilife - Homeopathic Remedies
By joining Premlife as a distributor, you will have the chance to affect millions of people suffering from conditions that have been declared incurable by traditional practitioners, while also earning income in one of the fastest-growing areas of healthcare today ...
https://www.premilife.com/tag/obesity-anticonvulsants-obesity-phenytoin/
ANTICONVULSANTSANTICONVULSANTS
Some anticonvulsant drugs significantly reduce vitamin D levels - many studies | VitaminDWikiSome anticonvulsant drugs significantly reduce vitamin D levels - many studies | VitaminDWiki
anticonvulsant drugs.pdf PDF 2014. admin 12 May, 2015 13:48 463.41 Kb. 875. ... Some anticonvulsant drugs significantly reduce vitamin D levels - many studies 719 visitors, last modified 01 Dec, 2021, Copy ... Some anticonvulsant drugs significantly reduce vitamin D levels - many studies. Table of contents. ... Vitamin D status among children and adolescents on anticonvulsant drugs in southern Switzerland.- 2014. Swiss Med Wkly. 2014 ...
https://vitamindwiki.com/Some+anticonvulsant+drugs+significantly+reduce+vitamin+D+levels+%E2%80%93+many+studies
Dilantinr la visa americana electric, anticonvulsants physical therapy practice pattern charge - Beter HBO
... anticonvulsants physical therapy practice pattern What can be better than being sure that the drugs you buy are effective and ... Dilantinr la visa americana, anticonvulsants physical therapy practice pattern. What can be better than being sure that the ... Dilantinr la visa americana electric, anticonvulsants physical therapy practice pattern charge. *Door Harper geplaatst op 4 ...
http://beterhbo.ning.com/profiles/blogs/dilantinr-la-visa-americana-electric-anticonvulsants-physical
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Study of Some New Quinoxaline Derivatives - Mendeley DataSynthesis and Anticonvulsant Study of Some New Quinoxaline Derivatives - Mendeley Data
This dissertation describes the design and synthesis of a novel set of triazoloquinoxalines as suggested anticonvulsant ... Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Study of Some New Quinoxaline Derivatives. Published:. 30 June 2022, Version 1 , DOI: 10.17632/ ... This dissertation describes the design and synthesis of a novel set of triazoloquinoxalines as suggested anticonvulsant ...
https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/h4tn7zpg5h
Quadriplegia Treatment Market By Treatment Type (Corticosteroids, Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs),...Quadriplegia Treatment Market By Treatment Type (Corticosteroids, Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs),...
Anticonvulsants, Narcotic Analgesics, Antispasmodics & Muscle Relaxants, and Antibiotics), By Route of Administration (Oral, ...
https://www.zionmarketresearch.com/methodology/quadriplegia-treatment-market
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis Medication: Antivirals, Anticonvulsants, DiureticsHerpes Simplex Encephalitis Medication: Antivirals, Anticonvulsants, Diuretics
Anticonvulsants. Class Summary. Anticonvulsants are used to terminate clinical and electrical seizure activity as rapidly as ...
https://emedicine.staging.medscape.com/article/1165183-medication
IMSEAR at SEARO: Choice of anticonvulsants in epilepsy.
Choice of anticonvulsants in epilepsy. Indian Pediatrics. 1981 May; 18(5): 331-46. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/14339?locale=zh_TW
Drugs that caused Anticonvulsant Drug Level Decreased - DrugInformerDrugs that caused Anticonvulsant Drug Level Decreased - DrugInformer
Information on drugs commonly used to treat Anticonvulsant Drug Level Decreased ... List of Drugs Associated with Anticonvulsant Drug Level Decreased. Filter Table by Serious Outcome. ×. Filter by Serious ... Drugs Treating Anticonvulsant Drug Level Decreased. *We do not have any related drugs for you. ...
https://druginformer.com/search/side_effect_drug/anticonvulsant+drug+level+decreased
Anticonvulsants Usage | FoundHealthAnticonvulsants Usage | FoundHealth
Understand the usages of Anticonvulsants in various health conditions. Explore other smart treatment options, see research ... Effect of Anticonvulsants on Back Pain. Anticonvulsants are medications that are prescribed primarily to treat seizures, but ... Tried or prescribed Anticonvulsants? Share your experience. Have you? Ive Tried it 0 ...
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SeizuresPhenytoinMedicationsAntidepressantsEpilepsyAntipsychoticsPhenobarbitalAntiepilepticSedativeMedicationGabapentinLamotrigineDrugsMood stabilizers2022BipolarDrugDrowsinessAntihypertensivesMedicinesTherapeuticNeurologicalMigraineSearchNervesTreatmentToxicityPatientsEffectsParticipantsBenefitCommonPainEpisodes
Seizures19
  • The drug is an anticonvulsant, used to treat seizures related to epilepsy and neurosurgery. (crainsdetroit.com)
  • Anticonvulsant drugs, also known as antiepileptic or antiseizure drugs, are a diverse group of medications that are commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy and seizures , and less commonly for other conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia and bipolar disorder. (dermnetnz.org)
  • The decision to start maintenance anticonvulsant or antiepileptic therapy should be based on the frequency and severity of the seizures, the age of onset, the likely cause(s) of the seizures, and the results of diagnostic testing. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • 9 Pediatricians are certainly capable of managing children who have had only a few seizures, especially if they have responded successfully to the first anticonvulsant prescribed. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs ) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. (drugstores4u.com)
  • Anticonvulsants suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons during seizures. (drugstores4u.com)
  • Anticonvulsants are medications that are prescribed primarily to treat seizures, but they have been in use for many years to treat certain types of chronic back pain. (foundhealth.com)
  • Paramethadione and trimethadione are anticonvulsants indicated in the control of absence (petit mal) seizures that are refractory to treatment with other medications. (pharmacycode.com)
  • Anticonvulsant drugs, also known as antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) , are medications that help treat and prevent epileptic seizures by slowing nerve signals in the brain. (healthline.com)
  • Anticonvulsant drugs may include narrow-spectrum AEDs for specific types of seizures or broad-spectrum AEDs for multiple seizures. (healthline.com)
  • Neurontin are an anticonvulsant used for treating seizures associated with epilepsy. (max-healthcarerx.com)
  • Trileptal is an anticonvulsant used to control certain types of seizures. (max-healthcarerx.com)
  • Antiepileptic or anticonvulsant drugs are used to treat seizures disorders i.e epilepsy. (apikospharma.com)
  • The anticonvulsant drug was developed to treat both partial seizures as are seen in temporal lobe epilepsy and neuropathic pain. (fibromyalgia-symptoms.org)
  • In the secondary phase of injury, anticonvulsants can attenuate seizures, but show limited neuroprotection. (auckland.ac.nz)
  • Anticonvulsants can be used to treat seizures. (weisspediatriccare.com)
  • Tegrital 300 MG Tablet functions as an anticonvulsant and decreases the occurrence of abnormal nerve impulses in the brain which can lead to severe reactions like seizures and acute pain . (lybrate.com)
  • Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant or an anti-epileptic medicine used to treat seizures. (buygabapentinonline.net)
  • Gabapentin and Lyrica are both anticonvulsant medications used to treat seizures, post-herpetic neuralgia (pain from shingles), and certain other types of neuropathic pain. (buygabapentinonline.net)
Phenytoin3
  • The benzamide U-54494A was compared to U-50488H (a structurally related kappa opioid agonist), phenytoin and phenobarbital in a variety of tests of anticonvulsant and sedative activities. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Phenytoin is in a class of medications called anticonvulsants. (cdc.gov)
  • Anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine or phenytoin. (web.app)
Medications5
  • This review is important because anticonvulsant medications have been increasingly used to treat low back pain and lumbar radicular pain. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • Anticonvulsant medications work for bipolar disorder by reducing electrical activity in the brain. (psychcentral.com)
  • Contact your physician if you plan to use ginkgo -- this herb may reduce the effectiveness of anticonvulsant medications. (healthfully.com)
  • Epilepsy itself, number of medications, genetic factors, or a combination of these probably influence the teratogenicity of anticonvulsant therapy. (lybrate.com)
  • Certain medications can interfere with biotin absorption, such as anticonvulsants and antacids. (nugenomics.in)
Antidepressants1
  • Drugs currently available to target neuropathic pain are, at best, moderately effective and include antidepressants, gabapentin, NMDA receptor antagonists, as well as other anticonvulsants, all of which are limited by their adverse-effect profiles. (kickas.org)
Epilepsy10
  • Potassium bromide is becoming the drug of first choice for the management of epilepsy in dogs since it is the only anticonvulsant known that has no hepatic toxicity and all the adverse effects of KBr are completely reversible once the drug is discontinued. (vin.com)
  • Over the past 150 years, however, the emergence of both the EEG and anticonvulsants has revolutionized our understanding of epilepsy and our ability to treat it. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The growth in the number of available anticonvulsants, including a dramatic increase in options during the past decade (Figure 1), has enabled most children with epilepsy to obtain seizure control without any interference in normal home and school functions. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • 6 Child neurologists often pick anticonvulsants based on the child's age, seizure type (generalized vs. partial), side effect profile, and epilepsy syndrome if known (for example, absence, benign rolandic, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy). (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Anticonvulsants are more accurately called antiepileptic drugs (abbreviated "AEDs"), and are often referred to as antiseizure drugs because they provide symptomatic treatment only and have not been demonstrated to alter the course of epilepsy. (drugstores4u.com)
  • Anticonvulsant drugs are a group of drugs normally used to treat epilepsy which are also useful in treating pain. (bsuh.nhs.uk)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Choice of anticonvulsants in epilepsy. (who.int)
  • Dione anticonvulsants are used in the treatment of epilepsy. (pharmacycode.com)
  • Anticonvulsants are a diverse group of agents used to treat epilepsy, bipolar, borderline personality disorders and neuropathic pain. (litfl.com)
  • These anticonvulsant medicines are used to treat and manage epilepsy episodes. (apikospharma.com)
Antipsychotics2
  • There is insufficient evidence to recommend use of other treatments such as anticonvulsants or antipsychotics for adjunctive therapy in PTSD. (1library.net)
  • To evaluate the 12-week outcomes (effectiveness, tolerability, and patterns of medication use) of olanzapine (either in antimanic monotherapy or in combination with other antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and/or lithium) in patients with bipolar mania or mixed mania.EMBLEM (European Mania in Bipolar Longitudinal Evaluation of Medication) is a 24-month prospective observational study of in- and outpatients with acute mania/mixed mania conducted in 14 European countries. (unm.edu)
Phenobarbital1
  • A document that thoroughly details the measurement of the levels of the common anticonvulsants including phenobarbital, Keppra, and zonisamide. (drjohnson.com)
Antiepileptic1
  • The anticonvulsant or antiepileptic drugs are one such group of drugs, some of which have notable side effects on the skin. (dermnetnz.org)
Sedative4
  • U-54494A in contrast to U-50488H lacks the kappa receptor-mediated sedative and analgesic activities but the anticonvulsant properties of both compounds are antagonized by high doses of naltrexone. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Alcohol increases the sedative effects of anticonvulsant drugs. (bsuh.nhs.uk)
  • It does so because the drug is a hypnotic, anxiolytic (it eradicates anxiety), sedative, musculoskeletal relaxant, as well as an anticonvulsant substance. (nonpsychotoxic.com)
  • It is also used as a sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant. (pharmacy180.com)
Medication2
  • While other medication types can help ease symptoms during mood episodes, anticonvulsants may work to prevent them. (psychcentral.com)
  • Gabapentin is an anti-epileptic medication, also called an anticonvulsant. (buygabapentinonline.net)
Gabapentin1
  • The most important take home message of our study is that anticonvulsants such as pregabalin and gabapentin are not effective in reducing low back pain or lumbar radicular pain, but can cause unnecessary side effects, such as dizziness. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
Lamotrigine2
  • Lamictal (lamotrigine) is one common anticonvulsant used for managing bipolar disorder. (psychcentral.com)
  • Lamotrigine belongs to the group of anticonvulsant drugs. (edfarm.it)
Drugs12
  • What are anticonvulsant drugs? (bsuh.nhs.uk)
  • How can anticonvulsant drugs help me? (bsuh.nhs.uk)
  • Anticonvulsant drugs usually come in the form of a capsule or tablet and are taken 1 to 3 times a day depending on the instructions from your GP, consultant or specialist nurse. (bsuh.nhs.uk)
  • Vitamin D status among children and adolescents on anticonvulsant drugs in southern Switzerland. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • 50 nmol/l) in epileptic children, mainly because some anticonvulsant drugs induce the enzymes responsible for its metabolism. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • The purpose of the present study was to address vitamin D status among children and adolescents treated with anticonvulsant drugs and control subjects who reside in southern Switzerland, a high solar radiation region. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower among patients treated with anticonvulsant drugs that induce the metabolism of vitamin D (30 [21-51] nmol/l) than among the remaining patients (51 [40-65] nmol/l) and controls. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • This tendency is more prominent in patients treated with anticonvulsant drugs that induce the metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • We are WHO-GMP certified manufacturing firms and are a well-known marketer of anticonvulsant or anti-seizure drugs. (apikospharma.com)
  • This opportunity can be considered the best for a pharma franchise business, as the need for anticonvulsant drugs is very high in the market. (apikospharma.com)
  • Hence you can very calculate the need of this anticonvulsant drugs among the people. (apikospharma.com)
  • R&D and technology for anticonvulsant drugs is advanced. (apikospharma.com)
Mood stabilizers1
  • Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers, and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. (drugstores4u.com)
20221
  • NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK, UNITED STATES, July 11, 2022 / EINPresswire.com / -- The latest data and statistics 2022 from the worldwide Anticonvulsants market are now available on Market.us Reports. (einpresswire.com)
Bipolar1
  • The use of anticonvulsants is expanding in the treatment of bipolar and related disorders. (nih.gov)
Drug2
  • The present study indicates a relevant tendency towards inadequate vitamin D status among children with and without anticonvulsant drug management who reside in southern Switzerland. (vitamindwiki.com)
  • We own a vast and best quality anticonvulsant drug range. (apikospharma.com)
Drowsiness1
Antihypertensives1
  • In the multivariate analysis, older individuals, TDF use, protease inhibitor, antihypertensives and anticonvulsants were associated with a risk of developing PRTD. (lww.com)
Medicines4
  • Pharma Franchise for Anticonvulsant Medicines - Apikos Pharma welcomes you, our company is offering the business opportunity and products for the same. (apikospharma.com)
  • Apikos Pharma providing the Pharma Franchise for Anticonvulsant Medicines in all parts of India. (apikospharma.com)
  • What is Anticonvulsant medicines? (apikospharma.com)
  • Then pharma franchise for anticonvulsant medicines is best for you. (apikospharma.com)
Therapeutic1
  • These results indicate that PNU-151774E is an anticonvulsant effective in various seizure models with a wide therapeutic window, and with a low potential to induce tolerance and locomotor or cognitive side effects. (elsevier.com)
Neurological1
  • Iberis Vargas (R), holds her 7-month-old daughter, Geovelis Ramos, a neurological patient being treated with anticonvulsants, while an specialist examines her in a clinic in La Guaira, Venezuela February 4, 2017. (reuters.com)
Migraine1
  • Anticonvulsants typically begin working immediately, but for migraine prophylaxis, it can take 4 to 8 weeks to see results. (healthline.com)
Search1
  • Results of search for 'su:{Anticonvulsants. (who.int)
Nerves1
  • Anticonvulsants work by changing the way nerves send messages to your brain. (bsuh.nhs.uk)
Treatment1
  • In general, anticonvulsants are well tolerated and their effectiveness greatly outweighs risk or annoyance from side effects, but side effects must be kept in mind when choosing and monitoring treatment. (nih.gov)
Toxicity1
  • Anticonvulsants can also be associated with fetal toxicity, especially neural tube defects. (nih.gov)
Patients3
  • Anticonvulsants may not effectively reduce pain or disability in patients with low back pain or lumbar radicular pain, according to results to be presented at the World Congress on Pain 2018 , held September 12-16 in Boston, Massachusetts. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
  • RESUME Afin d'examiner l'expérience d'une clinique de pédopsychiatrie en ce qui concerne la comorbidité et les caractéristiques du traitement des enfants souffrant d'hyperactivité avec déficit de l'attention (HADA), une étude rétrospective a été réalisée auprès des patients de moins de 19 ans qui consultaient à la clinique et chez lesquels un diagnostic de HADA avait été posé. (who.int)
  • Anticonvulsant Primary and Secondary Prophylaxis for Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Decision Analysis. (harvard.edu)
Effects3
  • Common side effects of anticonvulsants that can limit tolerability but are not physiologically severe include sedation and other cognitive impairments, tremor, and gastrointestinal side effects. (nih.gov)
  • Anticonvulsants can cause side effects. (bsuh.nhs.uk)
  • For this systematic review, investigators searched 5 databases from studies examining the effects of an anticonvulsant compared with placebo in participants with nonspecific low back pain, sciatica, or neurogenic claudication of any duration. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
Participants1
  • It provides information about essential processes for markets such as top participants, As Anticonvulsants market size is still not enough to estimate the precise dollar estimates, changes in consumer behavioral patterns have impacted its growth for now and It will be necessary to gain an in-depth analysis of the market by looking at other features. (einpresswire.com)
Benefit1
  • It can take a several weeks for you to notice the full benefit of the anticonvulsants so it is important to continue with them, particularly as you have probably started on a low dose. (bsuh.nhs.uk)
Common2
  • Although they have characteristics in common, the anticonvulsants currently used are quite diverse and vary in their spectrum of activity, quality of supporting evidence, and organ toxicities. (nih.gov)
  • Common uses for Anticonvulsants Market: The range of applications for which these Anticonvulsants are used. (einpresswire.com)
Pain3
  • If the anticonvulsants help your pain then you can continue to take them for as long as you need them. (bsuh.nhs.uk)
  • Read more about Back Pain and Anticonvulsants . (foundhealth.com)
  • Of 15 comparisons, 14 found that anticonvulsants did not effectively reduce pain or disability in individuals with low back pain or lumbar radicular pain. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
Episodes1
  • Your doctor might prescribe an anticonvulsant to make your mood episodes less frequent. (psychcentral.com)
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