Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity. Medical search

The phenomenon of antibody-mediated target cell destruction by non-sensitized effector cells. The identity of the target cell varies, but it must possess surface IMMUNOGLOBULIN G whose Fc portion is intact. The effector cell is a "killer" cell possessing Fc receptors. It may be a lymphocyte lacking conventional B- or T-cell markers, or a monocyte, macrophage, or polynuclear leukocyte, depending on the identity of the target cell. The reaction is complement-independent.

Enhancement of viral infectivity caused by non-neutralizing antibodies. There are at least two mechanisms known to account for this: mediation by Fc receptors (RECEPTORS, FC) or by complement receptors (RECEPTORS, COMPLEMENT). Either the virus is complexed with antiviral IMMUNOGLOBULIN G and binds to Fc receptors, or virus is coated with antiviral IMMUNOGLOBULIN M and binds to complement receptors.

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

The demonstration of the cytotoxic effect on a target cell of a lymphocyte, a mediator released by a sensitized lymphocyte, an antibody, or complement.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by LYMPHOCYTES; EPITHELIAL CELLS; and ASTROCYTES which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells.

A calcium-dependent pore-forming protein synthesized in cytolytic LYMPHOCYTES and sequestered in secretory granules. Upon immunological reaction between a cytolytic lymphocyte and a target cell, perforin is released at the plasma membrane and polymerizes into transmembrane tubules (forming pores) which lead to death of a target cell.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

A soluble substance elaborated by antigen- or mitogen-stimulated T-LYMPHOCYTES which induces DNA synthesis in naive lymphocytes.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A 46-kD stimulatory receptor found on resting and activated NATURAL KILLER CELLS. It has specificity for VIRAL HEMAGGLUTININS that are expressed on infected cells.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

An activating NK cell lectin-like receptor subfamily that regulates immune responses to INFECTION and NEOPLASMS. Members of this subfamily generally occur as homodimers.

Receptors that are specifically found on the surface of NATURAL KILLER CELLS. They play an important role in regulating the cellular component of INNATE IMMUNITY.

The termination of the cell's ability to carry out vital functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and adaptability.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

A 30 kDa stimulatory receptor found on resting and activated NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.

An ERYTHROLEUKEMIA cell line derived from a CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA patient in BLAST CRISIS.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

A family of serine endopeptidases found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of LEUKOCYTES such as CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS. When secreted into the intercellular space granzymes act to eliminate transformed and virus-infected host cells.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Proteins secreted from an organism which form membrane-spanning pores in target cells to destroy them. This is in contrast to PORINS and MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that function within the synthesizing organism and COMPLEMENT immune proteins. These pore forming cytotoxic proteins are a form of primitive cellular defense which are also found in human LYMPHOCYTES.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS.

The 140 kDa isoform of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) containing a transmembrane domain and short cytoplasmic tail. It is expressed by all lymphocytes mediating non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity and is present on some neural tissues and tumors.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Early membrane rupture events during neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent tumor cell cytolysis. (1/1442)

Although cell-mediated cytolysis is a fundamental immune effector response, its mechanism remains poorly understood at the cellular level. In this report, we image for the first time transient ruptures, as inferred by cytoplasmic marker release, in tumor cell membranes during Ab-dependent cellular cytolysis. The cytosol of IgG-opsonized YAC tumor cells was labeled with tetra-methylrhodamine diacetate followed by the formation of tumor cell-neutrophil conjugates. We hypothesized that tumor cell cytolysis proceeds via a series of discrete membrane rupture/resealing events that contribute to marker release. To test this hypothesis, we occluded the fluorescence image of the labeled tumor cells by passing an opaque disk into a field-conjugated plane between the light source and the sample. Multiple small bursts of fluorescent label release from tumor cells could be detected using a photomultiplier tube. Similarly, multiple fluorescent plumes were observed at various sites around the perimeter of a target. These findings support a multihit model of target cytolysis and suggest that cytolytic release is not focused at specific sites. Cytolytic bursts were generally observed at 20-s intervals, which match the previously described reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate and superoxide release oscillation periods for neutrophils; we speculate that metabolic oscillations of the effector cell drive the membrane damage of the target. (+info)

Cytotoxicity of human and baboon mononuclear phagocytes against schistosomula in vitro: induction by immune complexes containing IgE and Schistosoma mansoni antigens. (2/1442)

Normal human blood monocytes, pre-incubated at 37 degrees C with sera from patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni, strongly adhered to S. mansoni schistosomula in vitro, whereas no significant adherence was induced by sera from uninfected individuals. Comparable adherence occurred with normal baboon blood monocytes or peritoneal macrophages when these cells were incubated with sera from S. mansoni-infected baboons. Adherence of macrophages to schistosomula was associated with damage to the larvae, as estimated by a 51Cr release technique. Neither adherence nor cytotoxicity was induced by pre-incubation of the schistosomula, instead of the monocytes, with immune serum. The relevant factor in immune serum was heat-labile, but was not a complement component. Absorption and ultracentrifugation experiments showed that immune complexes, containing S. mansoni-specific IgE antibody and soluble parasite antigens, produced monocyte or macrophage adherence and cytotoxicity. Similar observations have been reported previously in the rat model. Since the production of large amounts of IgE is a predominant feature of schistosome infections in man and experimental animals, it is possible that this new mode of mononuclear phagocyte activation could act as an immune effector mechanism against S. mansoni. (+info)

Improving the efficacy of antibody-interleukin 2 fusion proteins by reducing their interaction with Fc receptors. (3/1442)

Fusion proteins between whole antibodies (Abs) and cytokines (immunocytokines) such as interleukin 2 have shown efficacy in several mouse tumor models despite a circulating half-life that is significantly shorter than that of the original Ab. We have examined the potential mechanisms responsible for clearance and shown that an important factor is enhanced binding to Fc receptor (FcR). Improvements in the half-lives of two different immunocytokines were made by changing the isotype of the human heavy chain C region from IgG1 or IgG3 to those with reduced binding to FcR, e.g., IgG4. The same effect could also be achieved through site-directed mutagenesis of the FcR binding site in the IgG1 H chain. In vitro studies using mouse J774 FcR-expressing cells showed increased binding of interleukin 2-based immunocytokines, relative to their corresponding Abs, and that this was reversed in those fusion proteins made with IgG4 or mutated IgG1 H chains. All of the fusion proteins showing reduced FcR binding also had reduced Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity, as measured in 4-h chromium release assays. A complete loss of complement-dependent cytotoxicity activity was seen with an IgG4-based immunocytokine derived from an IgG1 Ab with potent activity. Despite these reduced effector functions, the IgG4-based immunocytokines with extended circulating half-lives showed equivalent (in the case of severe combined immunodeficiency mouse xenograft models) or better (in the case of syngeneic models) efficacy in mouse tumor models than the original IgG1-based molecules. These novel immunocytokines may show improved efficacy in therapeutic situations where T cell- rather than natural killer- or complement-mediated antitumor mechanisms are involved. (+info)

Monoclonal Lym-1 antibody-dependent cytolysis by neutrophils exposed to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: intervention of FcgammaRII (CD32), CD11b-CD18 integrins, and CD66b glycoproteins. (4/1442)

Murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Lym-1 is an IgG2a able to bind HLA-DR variants on malignant B cells and suitable for serotherapeutic approaches in B-lymphoma patients. We have previously shown that Lym-1 can synergize with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to trigger neutrophil cytolysis towards Raji cells used as a model of B-lymphoma targets. Here we provide evidence for the intervention of certain neutrophil receptors or surface molecules in this model of cell-mediated lysis. The lysis was completely inhibited by the anti-FcgammaRII MoAb IV.3 and unaffected by the anti-FcgammaRIII MoAb 3G8. This suggests that neutrophil cytolysis involves FcgammaRII without cooperation of this receptor with FcgammaRIII. Moreover, the lysis was inhibited by an anti-CD18 MoAb (MEM48) and by a MoAb specific for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like and glycophosphatidyl inositol (GPI)-linked glycoproteins (CD66b). Using an immunofluorescence staining procedure, cross-linking of CD66b induced the redistribution of CD11b on neutrophils with distinct areas of CD11b clustering via a process susceptible of inhibition by D-mannose. This is consistent with the ability of CD11b-CD18 and CD66b to undergo lectin-like physical interactions on the neutrophil surface. Such a type of interaction is presumably instrumental for neutrophil cytolytic activity in that the lysis was inhibited by D-mannose and enhanced by the MoAb VIM-12, which mimics the cooperation between CD11b and GPI-anchored molecules by specifically interacting with CD11b lectin-like sites. Therefore, the present results prove the absolute requirement for FcgammaRII in neutrophil GM-CSF/Lym-1-mediated cytolysis and, on the other hand, define the crucial role of CD66b and CD11b/CD18 in the expression of the cell lytic potential. (+info)

Natural cytotoxic and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity of cells in the decidua basales and metrial glands of pseudopregnant rats with deciduomata. (5/1442)

Cytotoxic cells are present in the uterine wall of pregnant rats. To determine if the cytotoxic activity arises in response to semen or the products of conception, the profile of cytotoxic activity in deciduomata of pseudopregnant rats was examined. To examine NK activity, Yac-1 cells were used as targets in chromium release cytotoxicity assays and an antibody to Yac-1 cells was included in some assays to determine antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic (ADCC) activity. Cells from the metrial glands and deciduae of deciduomata of rats at days 10 and 13 of pseudopregnancy did not show NK activity but ADCC activity was present. To examine natural cytotoxic (NC) activity, Wehi 164 cells were used as targets in chromium release cytotoxicity assays. Cells isolated from the metrial glands and deciduae of rats at day 10 of pseudopregnancy were able to kill Wehi 164 cells after 21 h assays, thus demonstrating NC activity. The profile of cytotoxic activity in the uterine wall of pseudopregnant rats with deciduomata is similar to that found in pregnancy and is thus independent of semen or the products of conception. (+info)

Human CD16 as a lysis receptor mediating direct natural killer cell cytotoxicity. (6/1442)

In addition to their role in peptide antigen presentation, class I MHC proteins also play a critical role in inhibiting natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity through interaction with NK inhibitory receptors. Thus, NK cells are cytotoxic to virus-infected and tumor cells that have lost class I MHC protein expression. However, the nature of the receptors involved in the triggering of lysis of target cells is poorly understood. CD16 (Fcgamma receptor III) has been described as a receptor expressed on NK cells that facilitates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by binding to the Fc portion of various antibodies. However, we show here that CD16 has a broader function and is directly involved in the lysis of some virus-infected cells and tumor cells, independent of antibody binding. The presence of a putative CD16 ligand on appropriate target cells has also been demonstrated by the use of a CD16-Ig fusion protein. (+info)

C-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can induce apoptosis and down-regulate Fas expression in rheumatoid synoviocytes. (7/1442)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of c-myc in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the mechanism of synovial apoptosis. METHODS: Using cultured human synoviocytes from patients with RA and c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS ODN), we examined the inhibition of cell proliferation by the MTT assay and the induction of apoptosis with TUNEL staining and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the effect of c-myc on down-regulation of Fas expression was analyzed by flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assay, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Treatment with c-myc AS ODN induced inhibition of cell proliferation, along with down-regulation of c-Myc protein and c-myc messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. The morphologic changes of synovial cell death were typical of apoptosis. In addition, c-myc AS ODN treatment down-regulated expression of Fas mRNA but not Fas antigen. Analysis of the involvement of the caspase cascade revealed that the cytotoxic activity of c-myc AS ODN was completely blocked by inhibitors of both caspase 1 (YVAD-FMK) and caspase 3 (DEVD-FMK). CONCLUSION: Our results strongly suggest that c-myc AS ODN might be a useful therapeutic tool in RA and clarify that cell death by c-myc AS ODN is induced through the caspase cascade, similar to Fas-induced apoptosis. In addition, combination therapy with anti-Fas antibody and c-myc AS ODN reduced Fas-dependent cytotoxicity. (+info)

Differential involvement of the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) receptor/ligand system on apoptosis induced by the wild-type p53 gene transfer in human cancer cells. (8/1442)

The CD95 (Fas/APO-1) system regulates a number of physiological and pathological processes of cell death. The ligand for CD95 induces apoptosis in sensitive target cells by interacting with a transmembrane cell surface CD95 receptor. We previously reported that the recombinant adenovirus-mediated transfer of the wild-type p53 gene caused apoptotic cell death in a variety of human cancer cells. To better understand the mechanism responsible for this cell death signaling, we have investigated the potential involvement of the CD95 receptor/ligand system in p53-mediated apoptosis. The transient expression of the wild-type p53 gene upregulated the CD95 ligand mRNA as well as protein expression in H1299 human lung cancer cells deficient for p53 and in DLD-1 and SW620 human colon cancer cells with mutated p53, all of which constitutively expressed CD95 receptor as shown by a flow cytometric analysis, and induced rapid apoptotic cell death as early as 24 h after gene transfer. However, the sensitivity to the cytolytic effect of agonistic anti-CD95 antibody (CH11) varied among these cell lines: CH11 induced apoptosis in H1299 cells, but not in DLD-1 and SW620 cells despite their abundant CD95 receptor expression, suggesting that the CD95 receptors on DLD-1 and SW620 cells might be inactivated. In addition, an antagonistic anti-CD95 ligand antibody (4H9) that interfered with the CD95-receptor-ligand interaction partially reduced the apoptosis induced by the wild-type p53 gene transfer in H1299 cells, whereas apoptosis of DLD-1 and SW620 cells occurred in the presence of 4H9. Taken together, these findings led us to conclude that the CD95 receptor/ligand system is differentially involved in p53-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that the restoration of the wild-type p53 function may mediate apoptosis through CD95 receptor/ligand interactions as well as an alternative pathway. (+info)

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) requires antibodies to bind to target cell surfaces. Antibodies are formed ... known as complement-dependent cytotoxicity; enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; and CR3-dependent ... Fc receptors are found on many immune system cells, including NK cells. When NK cells encounter antibody-coated cells, the ... "Natural killer cell mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in tumor immunotherapy with therapeutic antibodies". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy

It triggers antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). It does this by activating natural killer cells by binding to ... Drugs that are a monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal antibodies, Abandoned drugs, All stub articles, Monoclonal antibody stubs, ... CAIX is expressed on the surface of most renal cancer cells and is hypothesized to be on the surface of other tumor cells. It ... Girentuximab (Rencarex) for renal cell carcinoma v t e v t e (CS1 errors: missing periodical, CS1 German-language sources (de ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girentuximab

... (ADCC), also referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a ... "Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against influenza virus-infected cells". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 148 ... Wang, W; Erbe, AK; Hank, JA; Morris, ZS; Sondel, PM (2015). "NK Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in ... ISBN 1-55581-246-5. University of Leicester, Virus Immunopathology Notes Antibody-Dependent+Cell+Cytotoxicity at the US ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

Lectin-8 Antibody that Induces Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Human Eosinophils and Inhibits Mast Cell- ... Lirentelimab depletes eosinophils via antibody-dependent natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. Lirentelimab is a humanized ... August 2020). "An anti-siglec-8 antibody depletes sputum eosinophils from asthmatic subjects and inhibits lung mast cells". ... Lirentelimab inhibits mast cells' IgE-mediated degranulation and de novo synthesis of prostaglandin D2 in vitro. Mild-to- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lirentelimab

... or infected cells by antibody-mediated phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Some viruses such as ... This process is known as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). FcγRIII on NK cells can also associate with ... Another process involving Fc receptors is called antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). During ADCC, FcγRIII ... CD4+ T cells (mature Th cells) provide help to B cells that produce antibodies. Several subsets of activated effector CD4+ T ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fc_receptor

This is thought to enhance its antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. It was first tested in humans in 2007. Kyowa ... Drugs that are a monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal antibodies, Orphan drugs, All stub articles, Monoclonal antibody stubs, ... Kyowa humanized it, and expressed the humanized gene in a CHO cell line in which FUT8 had been knocked out, which produced ... It was approved in Japan in 2012, for the treatment of relapsed or refractory CCR4+ adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATCLL) and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogamulizumab

The contribution of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to tumor cell killing can be measured with a specific test ... NK cells are thought to be an important cell type in this process. These cells are known as "uterine NK cells" (uNK cells) and ... plays a role in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; in particular, they bind Immunoglobulin G. Killer-cell ... CD56dim NK cells are always CD16 positive (CD16 is the key mediator of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_killer_cell

Meanwhile, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) remains unchanged in XLPDR NK cells. The most common manifestations of ... discovered that POLA1 deficiency is associated with decreased direct cytotoxicity of NK cells due to disturbances in vesicular ... and impaired direct cytotoxicity of NK cells are the most common symptoms. In females the disease is characterized by skin ... November 2019). "NK cell defects in X-linked pigmentary reticulate disorder". JCI Insight. 4 (21). doi:10.1172/jci.insight. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_reticulate_pigmentary_disorder

They cause thyroid cell damage by complement activation and antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity. However, anti-TPO antibodies ... The production of antibodies in Graves' disease is thought to arise by activation of CD4+ T-cells, followed by B-cell ... These B-cells produce antibodies specific to the thyroid antigens. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, activated CD4+ T-cells produce ... of anti-TPO antibody positive cases also demonstrate thyroglobulin antibodies. Anti-Na+/I− symporter antibodies are a more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antithyroid_autoantibodies

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: detection by automated flow cytometry with ultramicro techniques. Science. 1980 ... Prognostic and predictive value of a malignancy-risk gene signature in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Journal of the ... Increased Src activity disrupts cadherin/catenin-mediated homotypic adhesion in human colon cancer and transformed rodent cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_J._Yeatman

Helps kill breast cancer cells that overexpress HER-2, possibly through antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Clinical use: ... Mechanism of action: A monoclonal antibody that binds to the glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa on activated platelets, preventing ... Predisposes to infections (reactivation of latent TB). Mechanism of action: A monoclonal antibody to CD20 surface ... Mechanism of action: A monoclonal antibody to TNF, proinflammatory cytokine. Clinical use: Crohn's disease, rheumatoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_response_modifier

... s are also capable of killing infected host cells via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Vacuolization may ... "Nr4a1-Dependent Ly6Clow Monocytes Monitor Endothelial Cells and Orchestrate Their Disposal". Cell. 153 (2): 362-375. doi: ... which activates CD4 Th2 cells and inhibits CD4 Th1 cell function. Many factors produced by other cells can regulate the ... With a diameter of 15-22 μm, monocytes are the largest cell type in peripheral blood. Monocytes are mononuclear cells and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte

... complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent phagocytosis. These ... Ansuvimab has been found to be capable of killing cells by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Other functional ... Antibodies are also able to "kill" virus particles directly and/or kill infected cells using antibody-mediated "effector ... The drug is composed of a single monoclonal antibody (mAb) and was initially isolated from immortalized B-cells that were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansuvimab

... cells. When expressed, CD32C plays an important role in the activation of antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Animal ... The therapeutic usage of monoclonal antibodies against CD32B can be effective for inducing cytotoxicity against B cell lymphoma ... Having too little CD32B has been associated with dysregulated antibody function, as well as increased antibody-dependent ... CD32 can be found on the surface of a variety of immune cells. CD32 has a low-affinity for the Fc region of IgG antibodies in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD32

... by being deposited on the cell surface of the pathogen. In antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity the pathogen does not ... This allows the antibody binding of an immune effector cell via its Fc domain. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated inherent ... The Fab portion of the antibody binds to the antigen, whereas the Fc portion of the antibody binds to an Fc receptor on the ... eosinophils and NK cells). Lack of mediation can cause inflammation of surrounding tissues and damage to healthy cells. Thau, L ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody_opsonization

October 2019). "Imlifidase Inhibits HLA Antibody-Mediated NK Cell Activation and Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity ... including CDC and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Thus, imlifidase reduces the level of donor specific ... It cleaves the heavy chains of all human IgG subclasses (but no other immunoglobulins), eliminating Fc-dependent effector ... November 2018). "Safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of degradation of anti-HLA antibodies by IdeS ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imlifidase

Nevertheless, antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a substantial factor behind the apoptotic fall-out of ... Iodine also promotes follicular cell apoptosis and has an influence on immune cells (augmented maturation of dendritic cells, ... IFN-γ promotes cell-mediated cytotoxicity against thyroid mutations causing increased production of IFN-γ were associated with ... Weaker T-cell signaling may lead to impaired thymic deletion of autoreactive T cells, and increased PTPN22 function may result ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashimoto's_thyroiditis

It is an unconjugated antibody, thought to work via the activation of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). It ... Drugs that are a monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal antibodies for tumors, Sanofi). ... It is a monoclonal antibody that binds to CD52, a protein present on the surface of mature lymphocytes, but not on the stem ... Hale G, Bright S, Chumbley G, Hoang T, Metcalf D, Munro AJ, Waldmann H (October 1983). "Removal of T cells from bone marrow for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemtuzumab

The mechanism of action includes B-cell lysis by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-dependent ... complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Passive antibody therapy was ... complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Antagonism by antibodies ... For example, the ligation of CD40 monoclonal antibodies and CD40 on tumor cells license antigen-presenting cells (predominantly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_antibody_therapy

This choice was made as TGN1112 showed antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity on CD28+ Jurkat cells. Thus the function of ... However, cell opsonisation by antibody leads normally to phagocytosis of the labeled cells, as seen in the case of HIV. In its ... Thus, attempts to induce FOXP3+ T cells might also induce effector cells capable of causing tissue damage. Other cells ... Since CD28 is the target of the TGN1412 antibody, M. fascicularis effector T-cells could not be stimulated by the drug. In 2013 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theralizumab

... causing cells to apoptose via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, inhibition of ... Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is by means of natural killer cells. Unlike isatuximab which causes apoptosis directly ... Multiple myeloma cells with higher levels of CD38 show greater daratumumab-mediated cell lysis than cells with low CD38 ... which tends to mask the presence of any clinically significant antibodies. Treatment of the antibody panel cells with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daratumumab

The results of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay on guineas-pig Kurloff cells strongly indicate an immunological ... Also, Kurloff cells present antibody-dependent cytotoxic activity in vitro. The structure of Kurloff cell was identified using ... "Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the guinea pig: the role of the Kurloff cell". Cellular Immunology. 55 (2): 312-27 ... Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)", Antibody Fc, Academic Press, pp. 1-27, ISBN 978-0-12-394802-1, retrieved 2020 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurloff_cell

... binds to BCMA on myeloma cell surfaces causing cell cycle arrest and inducing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. ... Belantamab mafodotin is a humanized IgG1κ monoclonal antibody against the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) conjugated with a ... Drugs that are a monoclonal antibody, Breakthrough therapy, GSK plc brands, Monoclonal antibodies for tumors, Orphan drugs, ... March 2019). "Antibody-drug conjugate, GSK2857916, in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: an update on safety and efficacy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belantamab_mafodotin

... the antibody itself may trigger cell death via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent ... The antibody binds to the CD20 antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant B cells (but not B cell precursors), ... Drugs that are a monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal antibodies for tumors, Antibody-drug conjugates, Yttrium compounds, Indium ... Together, these actions eliminate B cells from the body, allowing a new population of healthy B cells to develop from lymphoid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibritumomab_tiuxetan

... targets tumor cells and causes apoptosis through the immune system by promoting antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Two ... Cell. 125 (6): 1137-1149. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.013. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 16777603. S2CID 14256004. Garrett TP, McKern NM ... Lack of Schwann cell maturation leads to degeneration of motor and sensory neurons. Excessive ErbB signaling is associated with ... Cell. 11 (2): 507-517. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00047-9. PMID 12620237. Franklin MC, Carey KD, et al. (2004). "Insights into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ErbB

... the efficacy of these antibodies in vivo is believed to be a result of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and the ... "Vaccine-Induced Antibodies that Neutralize Group 1 and Group 2 Influenza A Viruses". Cell. 166 (3): 609-623. doi:10.1016/j.cell ... Therefore, HA is responsible for binding Influenza virus to sialic acid on the surface of target cells, such as cells in the ... Firstly, it allows the recognition of target vertebrate cells, accomplished through the binding to these cells' sialic acid- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutinin_(influenza)

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) describes the cell-killing ability of certain lymphocytes, which requires ... The live-cell protease is only active in cells that have a healthy cell membrane, and loses activity once the cell is ... Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, on the other hand, does not have to be mediated by antibodies; nor does complement-dependent ... Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. Examples of toxic agents are an immune cell or some types of venom, e.g. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxicity

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity). It was shown that in order to initiate ADCC in vitro, PMN's have to adhere to ... On T cells and B cells, trogocytosis is triggered when the T cell receptor (TCR) on T cells or B cell receptor (BCR) on B cells ... from the cells they scan. The transfer was cell contact-dependent and occurred in the context of cell-conjugate formation. ... affinity T cell down-modulation of costimulatory molecules on dendritic cells mediated by T cells leads to regulation of T cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trogocytosis

... suggest a response of CR3 and CR4 to enable complement-dependent cell cytotoxicity towards antibody-coated cancer cells. Such ... they are involved in enhancing complement-dependent cytotoxicity in NK cells. Immunomodulatory therapies often aim for an ... phagocytosis and other cell-cell interactions in a variety of cells and circumstances. Upregulation of Mac-1 in the presence of ... Different faces of CR3 and CR4 in myeloid and lymphoid cells of mice and men" (PDF). Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage-1_antigen

These receptors bind to the Fc portion of IgG antibodies, which then activates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ( ... involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). It can be used to isolate populations of specific immune cells ... by immune complexes induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in NK cells. However, this pathway can also be ... zeta complex in human natural killer cells. Induction by antibody-dependent cytotoxicity but not by natural killing". Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD16

8-dihydroxyflavone protects PC12 cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity". Neurochem. Int. 64: 18-23. doi:10.1016/ ... dependent neuroprotection in mice after perinatal hypoxia and ischemia". CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 12 (3): 360-70. doi: ... "A monoclonal antibody TrkB receptor agonist as a potential therapeutic for Huntington's disease". PLOS ONE. 9 (2): e87923. ... Cell Press (2015). "Molecule found in tree leaves helps female mice combat weight gain; males unaffected". ScienceDaily. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropoflavin

Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and the antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells diminishes with age. The age- ... T cells undergo deleterious age-dependent changes. This leaves the body practically devoid of virgin T cells, which makes it ... specialized in facilitating peripheral B cell maturation, and the generation of antibody-producing plasma cells and memory B ... T cells are not the only immune cells affected by aging: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which provide the regulated lifelong ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence

... and therefore does not induce the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity that could be expected from this IgG1-type antibody ... Belimumab, sold under the brand name Benlysta, is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits B-cell activating factor (BAFF), ... When autoimmune B cells attack the body's own tissues, they are normally destroyed by cell suicide (apoptosis). Researchers ... Belimumab binds to BAFF and prevents it from binding to B cells. Without BAFF, B cells commit suicide and no longer contribute ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belimumab

Antibody binding to cell surface receptors and altering its activity Activation of the complement pathway. Antibody-dependent ... cellular cytotoxicity. The pathophysiology of type II hypersensitivity reactions can be broadly classified into three types: ... Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that interacts with the binding site of the high-affinity IgE receptor on mast cells. It is ... Type I: IgE mediated immediate reaction Type II: Antibody-mediated reaction (IgG or IgM antibodies) Type III: Immune complex- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity

This non-hemolytic defensin has been shown to have preferential cytotoxicity towards various cancer cells including B-cell ... dependent histone deacetylase SIRT1. ORCTL3 has been shown to be activated for apoptosis induction in renal cells in vitro, in ... during the same year when a separate study found that p53 had immunoreactivity with serum from tumors containing antibodies. ... causing cell death in cancer cells, but not normal cells. 3) E4orf4 may use oncogenes that have been activated in cancer cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticancer_gene

"Cell specific cytotoxicity and uptake of graphene nanoribbons". Biomaterials. 34 (1): 283-93. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials. ... Thermally dependent resistivity in mesoscopic copper wire limits efficiency and current carrying capacity in small-scale ... The sensors bind to 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and is capable of selective binding with antibodies. The presence of 8- ... Receptors on the cancer cell membrane bind TRAIL and cell surface enzymes clip the peptide thus release the drug onto the cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_applications_of_graphene

... for example by fusing B-cells with myeloma cells. The resulting "hybridoma" from this combination expresses a desired antibody ... "Cellular trafficking and cytotoxicity of anti-CD19-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in B lymphoma cells". Journal of Liposome ... Suchyna TM, Tape SE, Koeppe RE, Andersen OS, Sachs F, Gottlieb PA (July 2004). "Bilayer-dependent inhibition of ... Köhler G, Milstein C (August 1975). "Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity". Nature. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer

"A Recombinant Rabies Virus Expressing the Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Is Dependent upon Antibody-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity ... The mature progeny particles then infect other cells to repeat the cycle. A virus that fulfills the criteria for being a member ... The viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, or RNA replicase) partially uncoats the nucleocapsid and transcribes the genes ... The filovirus life cycle begins with virion attachment to specific cell-surface receptors, followed by fusion of the virion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filoviridae

These TH2 cells interact with other lymphocytes called B cells, whose role is production of antibodies. Coupled with signals ... although they are still caused by release of mediators from eosinophils and are still dependent on activity of TH2 cells. ... cytotoxicity testing, urine autoinjection, skin titration (Rinkel method), and provocative and neutralization (subcutaneous) ... The immune system does not recognize the affected cells as normal parts of the body, causing a T-cell-mediated immune response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy

... enhances the antigen-dependent cell-mediated immunity. Spleen cell cytotoxicity is augmented to a significant degree. ... Conjugates with polytuftsin retain tuftsin-like effects and increase the epitope specific antibody production. Tuftsin sequence ... The number of antigen-forming cells increases following injections of tuftsin T-dependent antigen. ... Stimulation of pinocytosis is exerted only on phagocytic cells, not on cultured cell line mouse leukemia. The vertical motility ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuftsin

When dinutuximab binds to any cell that has GD2, that cell is destroyed via cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent ... Each antibody is made of both mouse and human components and targets glycolipid GD2, expressed on neuroblastoma cells and on ... They differ in that dinutuximab is manufactured using mouse cells, and dinutuximab beta is manufactured using hamster cells. ... red blood cells, white blood cells, and albumin, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance including low sodium, potassium, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinutuximab

IgG also plays an important role in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and intracellular antibody-mediated ... IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes. Antibodies are major components ... IgG antibodies can prevent IgE mediated anaphylaxis by intercepting a specific antigen before it binds to mast cell-associated ... IgG antibodies are generated following class switching and maturation of the antibody response, thus they participate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G

... antibody synthesis, cytotoxicity and regulation. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA axis) stimulates the ... immune cells that were administered high doses of methylprednisolone has been shown to inhibit respiration in a dose-dependent ... The dependency of house keeping cells and immune cells on ATP, results in immunosuppression during ATP deficit. Specific immune ... Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2011;336(1-2):23-30. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.001 Song IH, Buttgereit F (February 2006). "Non-genomic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylprednisolone

The activity and cytotoxicity of NK cells is inhibited by the expression of sialic acids on the tumor cell surface. Removal of ... October 2009). "Sustained and NK/CD4+ T cell-dependent efficient prevention of lung metastasis induced by dendritic cells ... PBMC derived T cells activated for 5 days with anti-CD3 antibody and IL-2 also can be used for the purpose. In addition, human ... Not all cancer cells have cell entry receptors for the virus and not all cancer cells express virus processing serine proteases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

Impaired NK-cell cytotoxicity is the hallmark of HLH. All genetic defects for familial HLH are related to granule-dependent ... the FDA approved the anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody emapalumab (proprietary name Gamifant) for the treatment of pediatric ... mutations in genes that code for proteins cytotoxic T cells and NK cells use to kill targeted cells, such as those infected ... The blood count typically shows decreased numbers of blood cells-including a decreased number of circulating red blood cells, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemophagocytic_lymphohistiocytosis

"A novel HSV-2 subunit vaccine induces GLA-dependent CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and protective immunity in mice and guinea ... against HSV-2 superinfection of HSV-1 seropositive mice demonstrates protection by antibodies mediating cellular cytotoxicity ... only the HSV-tk transfected Hela cells were killed by the granciclovir, leaving the nonviral cells unharmed. The Hela cells ... When Hela cells were transfected with the HSV-tk gene, and were then put in a culture with nontransfected cells, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_research

IFN-α/IFNγ producing activity of leukocytes and cytokines important in the development of cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. It ... Smaldone GT, Antelmann H, Gaballa A, Helmann JD (May 2012). "The FsrA sRNA and FbpB protein mediate the iron-dependent ... been found to significantly stimulate broad-spectrum immune activity including activation of secretion of specific antibodies ... van Dijl JM, Hecker M (January 2013). "Bacillus subtilis: from soil bacterium to super-secreting cell factory". Microbial Cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_subtilis

Infertility after anti-sperm antibody binding can be caused by autoagglutination, sperm cytotoxicity, blockage of sperm-ovum ... One of these changes are to the uterine natural killer cells (uNK). NK cells, part of the innate immune system, are cytotoxic ... "Prenatal immune programming of the sex-dependent risk for major depression". Translational Psychiatry. 6 (5): e822. doi:10.1038 ... In the first trimester of pregnancy, uNK cells are among the most abundant leukocytes present, but the number of uNK cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductive_immunology

... eradicate HTLV-1 in combination with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ... Tanaka Y, Takahashi Y, Kodama A, Tanaka R, Saito M (2014). "Neutralizing antibodies against human T cell leukemia virus type-I ... So, an increase in numbers of HTLV-1-infected cells using cell division, by actions of accessory viral genes, especially Tax, ... The human T-lymphotropic virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, or human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV) family of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_T-lymphotropic_virus

LCMV can be grown in a variety of cell lines including BHK21, L and Vero cells, and it may be identified with immuno- ... The introduced mouse will seroconvert, allowing use of immunofluorescence antibody (IFA), MFIA or ELISA to detect antibodies. ... The RNA-dependent, RNA-polymerase brought along with the virus initially binds to a promoter on the L and S segments and begins ... By the method of Cr-release cytotoxicity assay, thereby tagging the CTL with chromium-51 (Cr-51), the CTL destruction of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphocytic_choriomeningitis

Cytotoxicity is primarily due to inhibition of topoisomerase II after the enzyme induces a break in DNA, preventing religation ... When taken up by a cell the four ring structure intercalates between DNA bases pairs while the sugar sits within the minor ... Trastuzumab (a HER2 antibody used to treat breast cancer) may enhance the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines although the ... Anthracycline-mediated cardiotoxicity is dose-dependent and cumulative, with the damage imposed to heart occurring upon the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracycline

... binds directly to various integrin receptors in a cell type-dependent manner, including integrin αvβ3 in endothelial ... Chen CC, Young JL, Monzon RI, Chen N, Todorovic V, Lau LF (2007). "Cytotoxicity of TNFα is regulated by Integrin-Mediated ... Blockade of CYR61 by antibodies inhibits bone fracture healing in mice. In the kidney, CYR61 is expressed in podocytes in ... CYR61 is able to support cell adhesion, stimulate cell migration, promote growth factor-induced cell proliferation and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYR61

CSF is normally free of red blood cells and at most contains fewer than 5 white blood cells per mm3 (if the white cell count is ... Some authors dispute this, posing that there is no unidirectional CSF circulation, but cardiac cycle-dependent bi-directional ... Kwong KC, Gregory JM, Pal S, Chandran S, Mehta AR (2020). "Cerebrospinal fluid cytotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a ... and specific antibodies such as aquaporin-4 may be tested for to assist in the diagnosis of autoimmune conditions. A lumbar ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid

... and protein synthesis in cell-free systems and intact cells". Cancer Res. 36 (8): 2891-5. PMID 1277199. Archived from the ... The rate of cardiomyopathy is dependent on its cumulative dose, with an incidence about 4% when the dose of doxorubicin is 500- ... In 2006, animal research coupling a murine monoclonal antibody with doxorubicin created an immunoconjugate that was able to ... It may also increase quinone type free radical production, hence contributing to its cytotoxicity. The planar aromatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxorubicin

Sadelain has referred to CAR T cells as a "living drug." A CAR typically comprises an antibody fragment (scFv) to recognize the ... "Human T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity and proliferation directed by a single chimeric TCRζ /CD28 receptor"doi10.1038/nbt0102- ... "Antigen-dependent CD28 Signaling Selectively Enhances Survival and Proliferation in Genetically Modified Activated Human ... CAR T cells are made by extracting a cancer patient's T cells, inserting a CAR into the cell using a vector such as a gamma- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Sadelain

... of natural killer cells by antibodies initiates a cytotoxic mechanism known as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ( ... Activated B cells differentiate into either antibody-producing cells called plasma cells that secrete soluble antibody or ... an antibody can signal immune cells to present antibody fragments to T cells, or downregulate other immune cells to avoid ... The "knobs-into-holes" shape facilitates antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. Single chain variable fragments (scFv) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

Direct and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against Giardia lamblia by splenic and intestinal lymphoid cells in ... Direct and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against Giardia lamblia by splenic and intestinal lymphoid cells in ... Direct and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against Giardia lamblia by splenic and intestinal lymphoid cells in ...

https://gut.bmj.com/content/27/1/73.share

... for therapeutic antibodies, particularly when evaluating their potential for effector functions. ... Cell-based assays play an important role in determination of mechanism of action (MOA) ... EU PEGS] Quantify Antibody-Dependent Cell Phagocytosis (ADCP): Application of a Robust, Non-Radioactive KILR Cytotoxicity ... Tools & Resources / Document Resource Library / Documents / [EU PEGS] Quantify Antibody-Dependent Cell Phagocytosis (ADCP): ...

https://discoverx.com/tools-resources/document-resource-library/documents/quantify-antibody-dependent-cell-phagocytosis-

Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity and erythrophagocytosis assays in Rh haemolytic disease of the newborn. The ... Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity and erythrophagocytosis assays in Rh haemolytic disease of the newborn. ... OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and erythrophagocytosis in comparison ... Cord blood monocytes were used as effector cells in both the assays. RESULTS: Good correlation (P , 0.01) was observed between ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/47999

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC). Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is the process when ... Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity: immunotherapy strategies enhancing effector NK cells. Immunol Cell Biol (2017) 95:347-55 ... D) Autoantibodies binding to effector cell with Fc receptors (FcRs) can trigger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ( ... Involvement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in inflammatory demyelination in a mouse model of neuromyelitis ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00752/full

... receptors have been proposed to modulate the in vivo cytotoxic response against tumor targets for both spontaneous and antibody ... dependent pathways. Using a variety of syngenic and xenograft models, we demonstrate here that the inhibitory FcgammaRIIB ... Mice deficient in FcgammaRIIB showed much more antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; in contrast, mice deficient in ... here that the inhibitory FcgammaRIIB molecule is a potent regulator of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10742152/

Antibodies, Monoclonal; *Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Binding Sites; Cell Line; Epitopes; Gene Products, env; *HIV ... HIV-1 Env-specific binding antibody, neutralizing antibody, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and profiles ... Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed by a human monoclonal antibody reactive with gp120 of HIV-1. ... We used a human monoclonal antibody (MAb; 15e) to identify an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) epitope on ...

https://repository.escholarship.umassmed.edu/handle/20.500.14038/33972

Human NK cells lyse Ab-coated target cells through the process of Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Improving ADCC ... Blocking NK Cell Inhibitory Self-Recognition Promotes Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Model of Anti-Lymphoma ...

https://journals.aai.org/jimmunol/crossref-citedby/78445

The immune effector cell mechanisms include antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular ... Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52, an antigen found on B-cells, T-cells, and almost all CLL cells. It ... Monoclonal Antibodies. Class Summary. Monoclonal antibodies are antibody proteins that are produced from a particular lineage ... Idelalisib induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in cell lines derived from malignant B cells and in primary tumor cells ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/199313-93270/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-antineoplastic-agents-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-cll

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to hemagglutinin of influenza A viruses after influenza vaccination in humans ...

https://www.cdc.gov/library/sciclips/issues/v8issue31.html

Categories: Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Antibody-Dependent+Cell+Cytotoxicity&parentid=7637&catid=3102

... technology to boost the antibodys ADCC anti-tumor activity.The GlymaxX® technology for production of afu... ... Keywords: Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Fucose; Sugars; Antibodies; Glycoproteins; Glycosylation; Cell Line; Antibody- ... The absence of fucose enhances ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) activity for antibodies directed against ... to the N-linked antibody carbohydrate part by antibody producing cells. ...

https://www.pharmiweb.com/press-release/2020-01-08/probiogen-inks-next-commercial-glymaxx-license-with-roche

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) target only cell surface antigens and can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) ... Immune effects through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-mediated cytolysis - Binding the antibody ... B cells are lymphoid cells that serve as professional APCs but also secrete antibodies in response to a foreign antigen. ... Nonconjugated antibodies can also induce cell death if they crosslink a cell surface receptor that can initiate a downstream ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/991158-overview

... kill certain tumour cells and have appropriate receptors for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ... Dendritic cells. These cells present antigen to T cells, and stimulate cell proliferation and the immune response. ... Effector T cells fall into two classes - CD8+ killer or cytotoxic T cells, which destroy infected cells, and CD4+ or helper T ... A large and diverse set of recognition molecules - antibodies (produced by B cells) and T-cell receptors - mediate adaptive ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg1944?error=cookies_not_supported&code=9ae8ef75-1d9d-4ea8-b3d2-415fd18168c1

Two methods for measuring the activity of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity are compared. One of them is based on ... Comparative analysis of methods of evaluating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity].. *Z. Karaev, E. Golikova ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/benzidine-hydrochloride/2832413

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), has been shown to be independent in vitro of thymus-derived lymphocytes, but ... The presence of thymus-dependent (T) cells is controversial. Bone marrow cells obtained from healthy volunteers was ... Human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Isolation and identification of a subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes ... Human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Isolation and identification of a subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes ...

https://www.jci.org/56/6

M2e antibodies are non-neutralising and are thought to mediate protection via antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) [92 ... used B cell screening to identify cross-reactive antibodies targeting conserved regions of the HA that could be frequently ... Influenza Infection in Humans Induces Broadly Cross-Reactive and Protective Neuramini-dase-Reactive Antibodies. Cell 2018, 173 ... Defining and Manipulating B Cell Immunodominance Hierarchies to Elicit Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Responses against ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/6/657

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity ________. is particularly important for killing microbes that are too large be ... cell types is involved in cell-mediated immunity. T regulatory cells,T helper cells,TH1 cells andT cytotoxic cells ... stem cells to B cells to plasma cells Which of these statements is not true of antibody molecules. Antibody molecules can ... ability to form cells that directly kill virus-infected host cells T helper cells they activate B cells,they have CD4 molecules ...

https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-485339

... antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity). ADCC is an Fc-dependent mode of action (MoA) by which antibodies mediate tumor cell ... Understanding the response of tumor cells to antibodies with Fc-dependent MoA has the potential to improve the efficacy of ... Tumor-specific T cells and antibodies have been detected in these patients, which suggests that the ADCC-competent antibodies ... as well as tumor cell-intrinsic molecular features that impact the cells sensitivity to ADCC-competent antibodies. To identify ...

https://www.novartis.com/careers/postdoc-program/postdoc-research-themes/immunology-postdoc-mentors/haihui-lu-phd

Reimagining antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in cancer: the potential of natural killer cell engagers ... Reimagining antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in cancer: the potential of natural killer cell engagers ... Identifying disease-critical cell types and cellular processes by integrating single-cell RNA-sequencing and human genetics ... Cell Genomics, Juulia J. Partanen; Paavo Häppölä; Wei Zhou; Arto Lehisto; Mari Ainola; Eva Sutinen; Richard J. Allen; Amy ...

https://www.gene.com/scientists/publications

In vitro effects of echinacea and ginseng on natural killer and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in healthy subjects and ... Ginsenoside Rh2-mediated G1 phase cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells is caused by p15 Ink4B and p27 Kip1-dependent ... Compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, induces apoptosis via caspase-8-dependent pathway in HL-60 human leukemia cells. ... A formulated red ginseng extract rescues PC12 cells from PCB-induced oxidative cell death through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of ...

https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/1000.html

Possible mechanisms of cell lysis include complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody dependent cell mediated ... showed signs of B-cell return with counts ,10 cells/µL. By Month 18, most patients (87%) had counts ,10 cells/µL. ... The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the ... A response to pneumococcal vaccination (a T-cell independent antigen) as measured by an increase in antibody titers to at least ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=b172773b-3905-4a1c-ad95-bab4b6126563&version=24

Applications of the KILR Cytotoxicity Assays 1. Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) ... the target cells express the KILR reporter construct inside the cells. Death of the cells leads to rupture of the cell membrane ... Transduction of adherent cells to generate KILR cell lines, for use in immune-mediated cytotoxicity assays. ... This results in a high level of expression of the fusion protein inside the target cells. Target cell death in a cytotoxicity ...

https://www.discoverx.com/products/virus/kilr/retroparticles-for-adherent-cells-

... is antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC).. In ADCC, circulating natural killer (NK) cells perform lytic killing ... Non-Ab dependent or spontaneous lysis of cells increases background and decreases the dynamic antibody-specific signal range. ... Cells as Reagents. In our ADCC reporter bioassay, effector cells are essentially assay reagents. The Jurkat effector cells are ... in Jurkat cells and is activated in NK cells upon cross linking of FcγRIIIa receptor with target cell-bound specific antibody. ...

https://www.genengnews.com/magazine/179/low-variability-adcc-bioassay/?kwrd=Assay%20Development

Likely mechanisms of action include antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-mediated cytotoxicity, and ... Given that most cancers may be caused by random mutations arising from stem cell divisions of normal self-renewing cells, ... Unlike CTLA-4, which is expressed exclusively on T cells and normally counteracts the activity of the T-cell costimulatory ... Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody coupled with calicheamicin, in 2000 became the first antibody drug ...

https://www.ajmc.com/view/personalized-medicine-on-the-brink-of-revolutionizing-cancer-care

... the immune effector cell mechanisms include antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular ... an effect that may lead to a low number of blood cells such as red cells, white cells, and platelets. This effect can cause ... CD20-directed cytolytic antibody; upon binding to CD20, obinutuzumab mediates B-cell lysis through 1) engagement of immune ... Patients on chemotherapy with anti-B cell antibodies should wait =6 months after therapy before being vaccinated with ...

http://reference.medscape.com/drug/999895

Novel TLR 7/8 agonists for improving NK cell mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) Authors: V Khanna, H Kim ... Combining adoptive NK cell infusion with a dopamine-releasing peptide reduces senescent cells in aged mice Authors: Z Bai, P ... Cell Death & Disease, 2022;13(4):305.. Species: Human. Sample Types: Cell Culture Supernates. ... T cell responses when co-incubate with a cancer cell with mAb stimulation. ...

https://www.rndsystems.com/products/human-xl-cytokine-luminex-performance-panel-premixed-kit_fcstm18

T cells may be responsible for regulating the proliferation, and thus the growth, of malignant epithelial cells in BCC. La ... The lymphocytic infiltrate revealed in parts a pattern of a small lymphocytic follicle with peripherally situated T cells and ... The predominance of Tlymphocytes in BCC suggests a local cell-mediated immune response. However, the presence of B-lymphocytes ... The results showed that the dense lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding neoplastic cells of BCC consisted chiefly of T-lymphocytes ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-3-1997/volume-3-issue-1/in-situ-characterization-of-b-and-tlymphocytes-in-basal-cell-carcinoma-of-the-head-and-neck-region.html

Enhancement of antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity: a new era in cancer treatment. Immunotargets and Therapy. 2015; 4 ... The engagement of CTLA-4 on primary melanoma cell lines induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and TNF-α production. ... Ipilimumab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of regulatory T cells ex vivo by nonclassical monocytes in melanoma patients. ... but also in tumor cells, might facilitate tumor cellular lysis through an IPI-dependent cell-mediated cytoxicity by FcRγ ...

https://www.oncotarget.com/article/24645/text/

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and erythrophagocytosis in comparison to IgG subtypes and concentration of anti-D in haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). (who.int)
15e) to identify an antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) epitope on HIV-1 gp120. (umassmed.edu)
Using a standard ADCC assay, 15e was found to mediate ADCC against cells infected with HIV-1IIIB but not HIV-1RF. (umassmed.edu)
15e did not mediate ADCC against cells with recombinant gp120 bound to surface CD4, indicating that 15e does not mediate innocent bystander ADCC against uninfected CD4 cells. (umassmed.edu)
To better define the 15e epitope, we performed ADCC against target cells infected with a vaccinia vector which expresses processed HIV-1IIIB gp160 from which the third variable region was deleted (amino acids, 312-328). (umassmed.edu)
MAb 15e efficiently mediated ADCC against cells expressing this altered form of gp120, indicating that this region is not contributing to the conformational epitope defined by 15e. (umassmed.edu)
The absence of fucose enhances ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) activity for antibodies directed against cancer and infectious diseases. (pharmiweb.com)
Our research focuses on anti-tumor antibodies that target tumor cells via ADCC (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity). (novartis.com)
ADCC is an Fc-dependent mode of action (MoA) by which antibodies mediate tumor cell lysis and phagocytosis by innate effector cells, including NK cells and macrophages. (novartis.com)
The clinically-approved ADCC-competent antibodies Rituximab, Daratumumab and Obinutuzumab have achieved moderate to high response rates in patients. (novartis.com)
Only a small number of patients on ADCC-competent antibody therapies remain tumor-free for decades. (novartis.com)
Tumor-specific T cells and antibodies have been detected in these patients, which suggests that the ADCC-competent antibodies induced immunological memory against tumor antigens (the vaccinal effect). (novartis.com)
Several recent studies demonstrated that the vaccinal effect can be achieved in murine models by enhancing the ADCC activity or by combining ADCC-competent antibodies with immune modulatory agents. (novartis.com)
Our exploratory research is focused on identifying and characterizing factors that modulate immune cell activation (i.e., enhance the vaccinal effect) as well as tumor cell-intrinsic molecular features that impact the cell's sensitivity to ADCC-competent antibodies. (novartis.com)
Furthermore, by dissecting the mechanism of immune effector cell activation by ADCC-competent antibodies, we hope to achieve long-term immunological memory and durable response in patients. (novartis.com)
An important and desirable biological activity of most antibody drugs, especially for oncology targets, is antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (genengnews.com)
In ADCC, circulating natural killer (NK) cells perform lytic killing of antigen-bearing target cells through specific antibody cross-linking of the two cell types. (genengnews.com)
Assays that use primary NK cells possess large inherent variability because of the significant influence of genetic variability and blood donor health status on the extent of ADCC mediated by these cells. (genengnews.com)
Promega's reporter-based ADCC bioassay is a new cell-based genetic reporter assay that uses an engineered Jurkat cell line as the effector cell population, avoiding the requirement of purified NK cells from blood donors and avoiding the variability in effector function. (genengnews.com)
We also engineered the same Jurkat cell line to co-express the FcγRIIIa receptor (high affinity variant), thus completing the engineering needed to generate an effector cell line able to quantify Fc effector function of therapeutic antibodies in ADCC. (genengnews.com)
In our ADCC reporter bioassay, effector cells are essentially assay reagents. (genengnews.com)
With the improved assay design and procedure, and cells as reagents, the new reporter-based bioassay format outperforms classic ADCC in many key parameters: low variability, improved accuracy and precision, ease of assay procedure, and low background (sensitivity). (genengnews.com)
Specificity of the reporter ADCC bioassay: Serial dilutions of Rituximab (anti-CD20 chimeric monoclonal antibody drug), Trastuzumab (anti-Her2 humanized monoclonal antibody drug), or assay medium control (no antibody) were incubated for 6 hours of induction at 37°C with engineered Jurkat effector cells, with or without WIL2-S target cells, as indicated. (genengnews.com)
NK and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) has traditionally been assessed by the release of radioactive chromium from target cells following lysis. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)
Serum IgA interacts with an Fc receptor called FcαR1 triggering antibody-dependent-cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (invivogen.com)
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) contributes to clinical efficacy of a broad range of therapeutic antibodies. (bioprocessintl.com)
Classic ADCC cytotoxicity assays rely on primary effector cells, which are highly heterogeneous and variable. (bioprocessintl.com)
Binding of CAN04 to IL1RAP also allows NK-cells to recognize tumor cells and subsequent killing by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (esmo.org)
CD16 binds aggregated IgG or IgG-antigen complex which functions in NK cell activation, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (biolegend.com)
B-cells produce anti-tumour antibodies, which can potentially mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (labroots.com)
Binding of proteinase 3 and myeloperoxidase to endothelial cells: ANCA-mediated endothelial damage through ADCC? (elsevier.com)
In addition, we investigated whether interaction of PR3 or MPO with HUVEC monolayers also resulted in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive patient sera or rabbit IgG anti-PR3 or anti-MPO. (elsevier.com)
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays that measure cell death often have low signal to background ratios and suffer from this donor variability of the PBMCs. (discoverx.com)
NJ Bio has the capability of performing assays that will examine the ADCC activity of your therapeutic antibody. (njbio.com)
A bioluminescent ADCC reporter assay is used to determine whether your antibody will illicit an immune mediated cancer cell killing. (njbio.com)
Client will supply the antibody for this ADCC assay. (njbio.com)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies, as well as the humanized, clinically effective therapeutic agents trastuzumab (Herceptin(R)) and rituximab (Rituxan(R)), engaged both activation (FcgammaRIII) and inhibitory (FcgammaRIIB) antibody receptors on myeloid cells, thus modulating their cytotoxic potential. (nih.gov)
In order to gain more insight into the tumour-host relationship, the present study was conducted to characterize the in situ phenotype of the lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding tumour tissue of BCC through the use of monoclonal antibodies against B and T cell populations. (who.int)
Despite this great potential and in contrast to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of the IgG isotype, their development as research tools or human therapeutics has been scarce. (invivogen.com)
Moreover, IL-21's antitumor activity can be potentiated by its combination with other immune-enhancing molecules, monoclonal antibodies recognizing tumor antigens, chemotherapy, or molecular targeted agents. (hindawi.com)
Monoclonal Antibodies, Anti-asthmatics. (rxlist.com)
Recently, pharmacological agents targeting eosinophilic traits in uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma, especially monoclonal antibodies directed against interleukins (IL-5, IL-4, IL-13) or their receptors, have shown promising results. (ersjournals.com)
glutamyl transpeptidase with monoclonal antibodies. (elsevier.com)
I Preparation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to. (elsevier.com)

Immunofluorescence imaging has provided captivating visual evidence for numerous cellular events, from vesicular trafficking, organelle maturation and cell division to nuclear processes including the appearance of various proteins and chromatin components in distinct foci in response to DNA damaging agents. (umassmed.edu)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Kimura H, Sakai K, Arao T, et al: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of cetuximab against tumor cells with wild-type or mutant epidermal growth factor receptor. (mednet.nl)
Elotuzumab shows a dual mechanism of action that includes the direct activation of natural killer (NK) cells and the induction of NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. (selleckchem.com)
Natural killer cell mediated-antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity induces concentration dependent target cell death, granzyme production. (sartorius.com)
The drug has shown antitumor activity in multiple myeloma cells and mediated killing of tumor cells through MMAF-induced apoptosis, as well as by tumor cell lysis through antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. (pharmacytimes.com)
The PGT121 BnAb, which recognizes an epitope consisting of the V3 loop and envelope glycans, mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and neutralization of cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission. (edu.au)
Immunosuppressive, delayed hypersensitivity, and cellular cytotoxicity tests are suppressed to a greater degree than antibody responses. (medscape.com)
CD62L is rapidly shed from lymphocytes and neutrophils upon cellular activation and the expression levels of CD62L (in conjunction with other markers) have been used to distinguish naïve, effector, and memory T cells. (biolegend.com)
The Rho family of GTP-binding proteins has been implicated in the regulation of various cellular functions including actin cytoskeleton-dependent morphological change. (embl.de)
In this immune reaction, antibody immunosuppressive, immunostimulatory, and autoim- is directed against a person's own cellular surface anti- mune. (cdc.gov)

Cell-based assays play an important role in determination of mechanism of action (MOA) for therapeutic antibodies, particularly when evaluating their potential for effector functions. (discoverx.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity and erythrophagocytosis assays in Rh haemolytic disease of the newborn. (who.int)
Cord blood monocytes were used as effector cells in both the assays. (who.int)
The KILR Retroparticles provide a potent vehicle for the stable delivery of the KILR reporter construct into almost any dividing cell line, enabling the creation of KILR cytotoxicity assays in the cell line expressing the target of your choice. (discoverx.com)
Some High Performance Assays are additionally validated for cell culture supernatants, milk, saliva, or urine, as indicated on the individual product data sheets. (rndsystems.com)
These assays are laborious and require substantial quantities of patient blood to detect minor changes in cell lysis. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)
CTL has previously shown that it can achieve similar results as with chromium release assays by directly imaging fluorescently-labelled target cells and visualising the loss of fluorescence signal upon cytolytic activity. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)
Learn about PathHunter® checkpoint receptor assays (cell lines and bioassays) for innate and adaptive immunity. (discoverx.com)
Assays discussed include functional cell-based assays for immunoglobulin and TNFR superfamilies like CD28, ICOS, PD1, CD47, SIRPα, and OX40 and assays for testing agonist antibodies (clustering and binding assays for bi-specifics). (discoverx.com)
Learn how KILR® cytotoxicity assays provide a simple, non-radioactive and dye free method to specifically measure target cell death in a co-culture with effector cells. (discoverx.com)
Assays for cancer immunotherapy drugs need to detect target cancer cell death when co-cultured with immune effector cells. (discoverx.com)
PBMC effector cells have inherent donor variability, reducing their consistency and reproducibility in lot release assays. (discoverx.com)
Discover how the cell-based, SPRINTer™ protein turnover biosensor assays can be used to rapidly screen small molecule therapeutics and quantify changes in endogenous protein levels in disease relevant cell models. (discoverx.com)
Learn how InCELL cell-based binding assays can be used to detect compound cell entry and engagement to specific targets including enzymes, PROTACs, and epigenetic, plasma membrane, and ER proteins. (discoverx.com)
Learn how functional cell-based assays support COVID-19 drug discovery programs, particularly in managing proinflammatory cytokines associated with high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. (discoverx.com)
Listen to several case studies for our target-specific, MOA-reflective cell based assays for small molecules and biologic therapeutics to accelerate your drug development through QC Lot Release programs for COVID-19 research. (discoverx.com)
Utilize these easy-to-use cell-based, reporter gene assays to understanding the MOAs of therapeutics targeting TNFα, PD-1, IL-6, CD4, and RANK receptors. (discoverx.com)
NJ Bio utilizes plate-based assays to characterize the ability of compounds to promote or inhibit cell proliferation, establish the cytotoxicity of compounds by measuring live/dead cells. (njbio.com)
NJ Bio utilizes in vitro cell cytotoxicity assays to analyze the potency of toxins or antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). (njbio.com)
These assays quantitate ATP released by surviving cells at the end of the experiment, which directly reflects cell viability. (njbio.com)
NJ Bio offers classic 2D and novel 3D cytotoxicity assays, which provide comprehensive in vitro analysis of your ADC. (njbio.com)
The 3D assays utilize spheroids to mimic the physiological tumor microenvironment in comparison to the 2D assays where the cells adhere to the bottom of the well. (njbio.com)
Depending on your analyte, certain antibody combinations and assays can be designed to meet your needs. (njbio.com)
We will work with you directly to design assays specific to your analyte(s), whether it be an antibody or a more complex protein. (njbio.com)
In-vitro immunoassays , such as proliferation and cytotoxicity assays are routinely performed using these cells. (iqbiosciences.com)

T cells may be responsible for regulating the proliferation, and thus the growth, of malignant epithelial cells in BCC. (who.int)
Indeed, it costimulates T and natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and function and regulates B cell survival and differentiation and the function of dendritic cells. (hindawi.com)
In addition, IL-21 exerts divergent effects on different lymphoid cell leukemia and lymphomas, as it may support cell proliferation or on the contrary induce growth arrest or apoptosis of the neoplastic lymphoid cells. (hindawi.com)
Early studies showed that IL-21 costimulates the proliferation of B, T, and NK cells and mediates the differentiation of activated NK cells into more potent effector cells [ 2 ] (Figure 1 ), suggesting that IL-21 may represent a potentially useful agent for the development of tumor immunotherapies. (hindawi.com)
IL-21 exerts complex effects on human and mouse B cell proliferation and survival as it can mediate apoptosis of B cells activated via toll like receptor (TLR) signals [ 10 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
On the contrary it induces B cell proliferation in the presence of appropriate cosignals delivered by B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation and CD40 ligand (L) expressed by T helper (Th) cells [ 10 , 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
The 3G8 antibody clone blocks neutrophil phagocytosis and stimulates NK cell proliferation. (biolegend.com)
Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections 6 , immunoprecipitation 3 , stimulation of NK cell proliferation 4 , blocking of phagocytosis 5 , and blocking of immunoglobulin binding to FcγRIII 7,8 . (biolegend.com)
Breast adenomyoepitheliomas are composed of a biphasic proliferation of myoepithelial cells round small epithelial-lined areas. (celltagen.com)
Curcumol reduced the proliferation of breast cancer cells by targeting NCL/ERα36 and inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway' - See curcumin at Amazon.com . (qualitycounts.com)
When hosts suffer influenza virus infection, the TNFSF14-HVEM signaling pathway can stimulate the maturation and proliferation of memory CD8+ T cells, which helps the host immune system stimulate a second immune response against respiratory virus infection. (bvsalud.org)

Inhibitory receptors have been proposed to modulate the in vivo cytotoxic response against tumor targets for both spontaneous and antibody-dependent pathways. (nih.gov)
These results demonstrate that Fc-receptor-dependent mechanisms contribute substantially to the action of cytotoxic antibodies against tumors and indicate that an optimal antibody against tumors would bind preferentially to activation Fc receptors and minimally to the inhibitory partner FcgammaRIIB. (nih.gov)
Evidence currently suggests that the mechanisms responsible for resistance to cytotoxic agents generally do not confer resistance to immune-mediated mechanisms of tumor-cell killing. (medscape.com)
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4 or CD152) exerts inhibitory activity on T cells, and since its oncogenic role in the progression of different types of tumors, it has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in cancer patients. (oncotarget.com)
Among IL-21 sensitive genes, Gzma and Gzmb encode for granzymes, involved in the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. (hindawi.com)
This suggests there is value in focusing on how to utilise a targeted cytotoxic approach with T cells for better patient outcomes. (ddw-online.com)
NK cells have cytotoxic small granules, which contain special proteins such as perforins and proteases, are known as granzymes in their cytoplasm. (secunderabadchronicle.in)
Outcomes HHT and ETP display synergistic cytotoxicity in AML cells ETP and HHT are cytotoxic reagents for AML cells.21,22 To check whether ETP and HHT possess synergistic cytotoxicity in AML cells, the chemosensitive AML super model tiffany livingston cell lines (THP1 MK-8776 inhibition and HL60) were treated with HHT and ETP alone or in combination (10/1 and 20/2, nM/M) for 48 hours. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
NK cell subsets and cytotoxic capacity of NK cells were decreased in severe patients. (bvsalud.org)

Target cell death in a cytotoxicity assay results in the release of the ePL-tagged protein into the medium. (discoverx.com)
In order to further reduce the amount of cell material required and detect the effect of NK cells on different target cell lines, CTL has now developed a multi-colour cytotoxicity detection assay. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)
Mice are DNA immunized with a plasmid expressing the antigen, and IgG-producing hybridomas are screened using a neutralizing assay based on engineered cell lines ( HEK-Blue™ Cells ). (invivogen.com)
Learn about the first commercially-available SIRPα/CD47 cell-based assay -- PathHunter SIRPα Signaling Assay. (discoverx.com)
Learn how KILR® CD16 effector cells ensure assay reproducibility with higher signal to background ratios, without worrying about donor variability. (discoverx.com)
Exosomes were extracted from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC-Exos) where ALKBH5 inhibition assay was conducted to verify their function in the biological characteristics of TNBC cells. (bvsalud.org)
Needlessly to say, the trypan blue exclusion assay demonstrated a dose-dependent decease of cell viability by treatment of HHT and ETP by itself (Amount 1A). (ecologicalsgardens.com)

In particular, Toll-like receptors have been implicated in the development of B-cell autoimmunity, and genetic associations in Toll-receptor signalling pathways have been found in systemic lupus erythematosus. (nature.com)
Innate immunity includes the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in improving antitumor and vaccine responses, muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) in osteosarcoma, and natural killer (NK) cell-killer immunoglobulinlike receptor (KIR) mismatch. (medscape.com)
We have exploited activation of the NFAT signaling pathway, which is intact in Jurkat cells and is activated in NK cells upon cross linking of FcγRIIIa receptor with target cell-bound specific antibody. (genengnews.com)
In a mouse lung metastasis model, inhibition of C5a, C5a receptor-1 (C5aR1) or NETosis reduced the number of circulating-tumor cells (CTCs) and the metastatic burden. (unav.edu)
Interleukin- (IL-) 21 was identified in 2000 as a CD4 + T cell-derived cytokine and the ligand of an IL-2R β -related orphan receptor [ 1 , 2 ], now defined as IL-21R. (hindawi.com)
Benralizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody (IgG1/κ-class) selective for interleukin-5 receptor alpha subunit (IL-5Rα). (rxlist.com)
Additionally, NK cells contribute to the adaptive immune response by linking innate and the adaptive immunity through their receptor FcγRIIIA (CD16). (miltenyibiotec.com)
CAN04 is a first-in-class fully humanized monoclonal antibody targeting IL1RAP, a co-receptor for the IL-1 receptor which is expressed on human cancer cells. (esmo.org)
In the area of adoptiveT cell transfer (ACT), which includes tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), CAR-T and T cell receptor therapy (TCR), clinical data has shown that T cell function is a strong predictive marker of immunotherapy response and patient health 2 . (ddw-online.com)
Isatuximab (anti-CD38) (SAR650984, hu38SB19) is an IgG1-derived monoclonal antibody that binds to a specific extracellular epitope of CD38 receptor with a kd of 0.12 nM. (selleckchem.com)
Cynarin blocks the interaction between the CD28 of T-cell receptor and CD80 of antigen presenting cells. (selleckchem.com)
The mouse monoclonal antibody 3G8 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD16, a low affinity receptor for aggregated IgG (FcgammaRIII antigen). (exbio.cz)
The technology of adoptive transfer of T-cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells is wildly investigated as it has the potential to treat solid cancers. (bvsalud.org)
On this research, we discovered that dsDNA induced dose- and time-dependent enhance in IFN-α and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), TLR9 and IRF7 expression in pDCs. (aabioetica.org)
However, the mechanisms underlying receptor-dependent regulation of Rho family members remain incompletely understood. (embl.de)
We determined anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G (anti-RBD IgG), surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), T-cell subsets, and neutralization of wild-type, BA.1 and BA.5. (bvsalud.org)
[3] The underlying mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine . (mdwiki.org)

Although many mechanisms have been proposed to account for the anti-tumor activities of therapeutic antibodies, including extended half-life, blockade of signaling pathways, activation of apoptosis and effector-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, we show here that engagement of Fcgamma receptors on effector cells is a dominant component of the in vivo activity of antibodies against tumors. (nih.gov)
in contrast, mice deficient in activating Fc receptors as well as antibodies engineered to disrupt Fc binding to those receptors were unable to arrest tumor growth in vivo. (nih.gov)
Several signaling pathways are activated in the NK effector cells as a result of multiple FcγRIIIa receptors being engaged by the target cell-bound antibodies. (genengnews.com)
The effector cell is a "killer" cell possessing Fc receptors. (bvsalud.org)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

One vial containing 420 mg of trastuzumab, a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody produced by mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cell suspension culture and purified by chromatography including specific viral inactivation and removal procedures. (who.int)
PBMCs were incubated with one of three anti-CD20 antibodies: Ab-1 (IgG1), Ab-2 (IgG1) or a negative control Ab-3 (IgA2). (sartorius.com)
The antibody component is an afucosylated IgG1 directed against BCMA, a protein expressed on normal B lymphocytes and multiple myeloma cells. (pharmacytimes.com)
A nasal spray solution containing human IgG1 antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (COVITRAP) was developed to strengthen other COVID-19 preventive arsenals. (bvsalud.org)
Its intranasal administration in rats did not yield any detected circulatory levels of the human IgG1 anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at any time point during the 120 hours of follow-up. (bvsalud.org)

Studies investigating the presence of autoantibodies in depression have focused in those targeting peripheral organs like the thyroid and intracellular antigens such as antinuclear antibodies and ribosomal-P antibodies ( 21 - 25 ). (frontiersin.org)
Besides anti-tumour antigen (TAA) antibodies, cancer patients also produce autoantibodies that bind to self-antigens. (labroots.com)
Each ADC will be tested against a variety of cancer cell lines expressing the targeted surface antigens and normal cell lines to evaluate in vitro safety. (njbio.com)
1] They with a binding motif, which is determined by recognize specific structures on the surface of peptide length, and a.a. residues called anchor target cells as their antigens, which are composed residues. (who.int)

With the approval of Carvykti and other chimeric antigen T cell (CAR-T) therapies, there is an emergence of cell-based strategies using a more personalised treatment approach. (ddw-online.com)
Belantamab mafodotin-blmf is a first-in-class, anti-B-cell maturation antigen therapy indicated for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least 4 prior therapies. (pharmacytimes.com)
Belantamab mafodotin-blmf is a first-in-class, anti-B-cell maturation antigen(BCMA) therapy indicated for adults with RRMM who have received at least 4 prior therapies, including an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, a proteasome inhibitor, and an immunomodulatory agent. (pharmacytimes.com)
Depending on the targeted antigen, cell panels specific to your antibody will be designed. (njbio.com)
Testing will be performed against a variety of cell lines expressing the target antigen. (njbio.com)
To improve the homogeneity, antigen-specificity and reduce possible autoreactivity, here we developed a technique to generate antigen-specific T cells from Rag2 gene-deleted pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and further measured their anti-tumour efficacy. (bvsalud.org)
Our study presents a novel and straightforward strategy for producing antigen-specific TCR-T cells in vivo from PSCs, allowing for allogeneic transplantation and therapy of solid tumours. (bvsalud.org)

These lead to lysis of target cells and induction of specific cytokines (e.g., through NFAT, or nuclear factor activator of T-cells) in the effector cells. (genengnews.com)
CD56 bright NK cells are known for their capacity to produce and secrete cytokines, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-13, and TNF-β. (miltenyibiotec.com)
A largely overlooked immune cell type in the context of immunotherapies are B cells, which can exert both anti-tumour and tumour-promoting effects by providing co-stimulatory signals and inhibitory signals for T cell activation, cytokines, and antibodies. (labroots.com)
Humanised immune system (HIS) mouse models that express human cytokines and support a broad range of human immune cell types have become integral tools to investigate and advance oncology drug discovery focused on cell-based therapies, which make up a growing proportion of cancer treatments. (ddw-online.com)
They also may express transgenic human cytokines to facilitate reconstitution and function of specific immune cell subsets needed to study cell therapy. (ddw-online.com)
Many studies have shown HIS and humanised transgenic models can support T cell functionality, with researchers using hIL2 transgenic models that express transgenic human IL2 (hIL2) cytokines to evaluate T cell therapies such as ACT/TIL,CAR-T, and TCR therapies. (ddw-online.com)
Use Incucyte ® live-cell imaging and analysis and iQue ® 3 advanced flow cytometry for activities such as immunophenotyping, assessment of functional activity, cell viability, immunophenotyping, and profiling of cytolytic effector proteins, cytokines, and chemokines. (sartorius.com)
C) Additional cytokines were assessed in parallel by combining iQue ® Human NK Cell Companion Kits with the iQue ® Human NK Cell Killing Kit. (sartorius.com)
Importantly, the OT1-iT cells eliminated tumour cells while releasing specific cytokines in vitro. (bvsalud.org)

Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and mediate responses against viruses, parasites, bacteria, and tumor cells. (miltenyibiotec.com)
EOSINOPHILS Have granules that stain red with eosin Y. Mediate late phase of allergic response, active in immune response to parasites & tumors (antibodydependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). (kupdf.net)

After cell extension, the stably pMIG-infected cells had been isolated using stream cytometry analysis regarding to green fluorescent proteins expression. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
In mammalian cell based models of both polyglutamine and polyalanine diseases, the mutant proteins are much more prone to aggregate formation than their wild-type counterparts and cause significantly more cell death. (bmj.com)
This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)

Non-Ab dependent or spontaneous lysis of cells increases background and decreases the dynamic antibody-specific signal range. (genengnews.com)
Extra controls are required to subtract spontaneous lysis from both effector and target cells. (genengnews.com)
The company showed that when performed in a 96-well plate, the percentage of target cell lysis is inversely proportional to the number of effector cells in each well. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)

Merchant and colleagues also suggest that T-cell-depleting cancer therapies may eliminate beneficial immune responses and that immune reconstitution of patients with lymphopenic cancer could prevent metastatic recurrence of solid tumors. (medscape.com)
Thymomas, tumors that arise from epithelial cells of the thymus gland, are the most common neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum, with an incidence rate of approximately 2.5 per million/year. (oncotarget.com)
They are highly specific predators that play a major role in the host rejection of both tumors and viral infected cells. (secunderabadchronicle.in)
Recent studies revealed that nano-sized TiO2 can cause inflammatory response in airways of rats and mice, fibrosis or lung tumors in rats and DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts and human lymphoblastoid cells. (cdc.gov)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm and is the most common cancer in the head and neck region. (who.int)
Luminal SIgA is believed to interfere with pathogen adherence to mucosal epithelial cells, a process called immune exclusion. (invivogen.com)
2007. Inhibition of HIV-1 Infectivity and Epithelial Cell Transfer by Human Monoclonal IgG and IgA Antibodies Carrying the b12 V Region. (invivogen.com)
Fate of airway epithelial cells exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles: NGF regulated apoptotic death. (cdc.gov)
The primary human airway bronchial epithelial cells exposed to nanoparticles elicit high levels of neurotrophins, which has a significant role in modulating the cell cycle, cell proliferations and inflammatory responses. (cdc.gov)
To evaluate the mechanism of TiO2 mediated toxicity, the bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to TiO2 (10 microg/mL) and the apoptosis and necrosis were measured. (cdc.gov)
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and most cancers stem cells (CSCs) play a vital function in metastasis of papillary thyroid most cancers (PTC). (aabioetica.org)
Materials and Methods Cell Culture and RNA Extraction Two subclones of W12 cervical epithelial cells with HPV16 in differing physical states were a gift from Dr. Paul Lambert (University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI). (irjs.info)

In conclusion, C5a induces the formation of NETs from PMN-MDSCs in the presence of cancer cells, which may facilitate cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. (unav.edu)

mAb 2C7 causes complement (C')-dependent bacteriolysis of three (2-Hex/G+, 4-Hex/G+, and 5-Hex/G+) of the HepI mutants in vitro. (umassmed.edu)
The engineered PSCs were then differentiated through a two-step strategy, in vitro generation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, and in vivo development and maturation of TCR-T cells. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, the response to tumour cells was assessed in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunoprecipitation 1-3 , complement-dependent cytotoxicity 4 , in vivo and in vitro blocking of adhesion 1-3,5 , and immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen sections and zinc-fixed paraffin-embedded sections 6 . (biolegend.com)
in vitro, and on the other hand, HHT causes raised ROS era in ETP-treated AML cells. (ecologicalsgardens.com)
It demonstrated satisfactory preclinical safety profiles based on evaluations of in vitro cytotoxicity, skin sensitization, intracutaneous reactivity, and systemic toxicity. (bvsalud.org)

The released MMAF intracellularly disrupts the microtubule network, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (pharmacytimes.com)
Perforins form pores in the cell membrane of the target cell through which the granzymes and associated molecules induce apoptosis. (secunderabadchronicle.in)
The Protein kinase C (PKC) -associated sign pathway performs essential roles in regulation of cell development, differentiation and apoptosis. (aabioetica.org)

a minority of the cells (10%) are CD56 bright and CD16 dim/neg . (miltenyibiotec.com)
E,F) Detection of CD16 on NK cells decreased with increasing concentration of anti-CD20 antibody. (sartorius.com)
This could be due to CD16 shedding or competition of CD20 antibody. (sartorius.com)
Regarding CD16-158V/F polymorphism, the antibody 3G8 detects both 158V and 158F allotype on natural NK cells. (exbio.cz)

Since some of the NSAbs interfere with neurotransmission pathways related to depression ( 26 - 28 ), a subtype of depression may be caused by antibody-mediated autoimmunity and, therefore, might potentially respond to immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
Schematic representation of IL-21 signaling pathways and its main biological effects on different target cells. (hindawi.com)
10, 11 In such models, aggregate formation and cell death can be reduced by overexpressing yeast and bacteria derived chaperones that do not appear to protect against some other cell death pathways. (bmj.com)
During reprogramming, somatic cells endure dramatic modifications in a wide selection of mobile processes, equivalent to metabolism, mitochondrial morphology and performance, cell signaling pathways or immortalization . (celltagen.com)

Several preclinical studies showed that IL-21 has antitumor activity in different tumor models, through mechanism involving the activation of NK and T or B cell responses. (hindawi.com)
Immunotherapies have become more popular due to their ability to trigger and train the patient's immune system to recognise and attack tumour cells, provide strong immune responses, and reduce the severity of adverse side effects generally associated with chemotherapies. (ddw-online.com)
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play important roles in regulating tissue homeostasis and innate immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we found that coffee extract at more than 2.5%(v/v) significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and that anti-inflammatory activity of coffee required the roasting process. (nature.com)
Gicobi JK, Dellacecca ER, Dong H . Resilient T-cell responses in patients with advanced cancers. (mayo.edu)
CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that LC produced increased neutralizing antibody responses than those with HC. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we find that B cells significantly enhance primary CD8 T cell responses after vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
We also show that interleukin-27 production by B cells contributes to their impact on primary, but not memory, CD8 responses. (bvsalud.org)

Mast cell FcgammaRIII-A is associated, moreover, with FcepsilonRI-beta subunit. (exbio.cz)
BASOPHILS AND MAST CELLS Have basophilic granules, stain bluish black with basic dyes. (kupdf.net)
Basophils circulate, mast cells found in tissue. (kupdf.net)
Mast cells: BM derived cells, differentiate in blood and connective tissue. (kupdf.net)
bound to the surface of mast cells. (cdc.gov)

The results showed that the dense lymphocytic infiltrate surrounding neoplastic cells of BCC consisted chiefly of T-lymphocytes. (who.int)
Stabilizes lysosomal membranes and also suppresses lymphocytes and antibody production. (medscape.com)
Natural killer cells, also known as NK cells are a type of lymphocytes and are key components of the innate immune system. (secunderabadchronicle.in)
NK cells are derived from the common lymphoid progenitor cells (lymphoblasts), which also generate B and T lymphocytes. (secunderabadchronicle.in)
The greatest province of these APCs is to mete out these peptide-MHC complexes to T-lymphocytes (T-cells), an impor- tant component of the adaptive untouched system. (daubnet.com)

Understanding the response of tumor cells to antibodies with Fc-dependent MoA has the potential to improve the efficacy of antibody therapeutics and identify rational combination partners. (novartis.com)
FcγRIIIa polymorphism of individual cancer patients are correlated with clinical efficacy of some of these antibody drugs. (bioprocessintl.com)
Evaluation of EGFR gene copy number as a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: EXTREME study. (mednet.nl)
Partial efficacy of a broadly neutralizing antibody against cell-associated SHIV infection. (edu.au)
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (BnAbs) protect macaques from cell-free simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge, but their efficacy against cell-associated SHIV is unclear. (edu.au)
Our results show that HIV-1-specific neutralizing antibodies have partial efficacy against cell-associated virus exposure in macaques. (edu.au)
Resveratrol (Res) exerts inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell lines and animal models, while its efficacy against individual breast cancer cases remains unknown. (qualitycounts.com)

Using a variety of syngenic and xenograft models, we demonstrate here that the inhibitory FcgammaRIIB molecule is a potent regulator of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo, modulating the activity of FcgammaRIII on effector cells. (nih.gov)
In vivo models, particularly HIS models, allow preliminary investigation of cell-based therapeutic strategies-often in combination with other therapeutic modalities-to overcome the limitations and challenges of T cell-based immuno-oncology treatments and identify effective options for clinical investigation. (ddw-online.com)
In vivo data confirmed that ALKBH5 upregulated UBE2C expression by regulating the m6A modification of UBE2C and reduced p53 expression, thus promoting the stemness, growth and metastasis of TNBC cells. (bvsalud.org)
While WA/1 virus exhibited a moderately increased proportion compared to that in the inoculum following co-infection in human respiratory cells, Delta variant possessed a substantial in vivo fitness advantage as this virus becoming predominant in both inoculated and contact animals. (cdc.gov)
Single-cell transcriptomics illustrates the developmental trajectory of PSC-derived ILCs in vivo, which is consistent with that of natural ILCs. (bvsalud.org)
11, 15 Members of the HSP70 and HSP40 family members are recruited to polyQ inclusions in vivo and in cell models. (bmj.com)
In addition, beagle canine PBMCs are used in ex-vivo applications, such as cell population characterization based on immunophenotyping. (iqbiosciences.com)

Direct and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against Giardia lamblia by splenic and intestinal lymphoid cells in mice. (bmj.com)

It is important to quantify the biological activity of any therapeutic antibody in a bioassay during drug development and manufacture. (genengnews.com)

To mitigate these risks, clinicians are turning to other immunomodulators, such as cell-based therapies, bispecific antibodies, and cytokine treatments. (ddw-online.com)
Cytokine stimulation enhances direct NK cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. (sartorius.com)
A) Histogram depicting target cell viability following co-culture with non-activated or cytokine activated NK cells for 4 h. (sartorius.com)
B,C) Summary of percent target cell death following co-culture of tumor cells with non-activated or cytokine activated NK cells for (B) 4 h or (C) 24 h. (sartorius.com)
NK cell activation is induced in the presence of target cells and further enhanced by cytokine stimulation. (sartorius.com)
TNFSF14 can be a cytokine neutralization target during novel coronavirus infection, and anti-TNFSF14 monoclonal antibody treatment can reduce the risk of respiratory failure and mortality. (bvsalud.org)
Elevation of IL-10 levels in NK cells and reduction of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells in severe patients might be considered as a protective response against the harmful effect of cytokine storm seen in COVID-19. (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, memory CD8 numbers and function are impaired in B-cell-deficient animals, leading to increased susceptibility to bacterial challenge. (bvsalud.org)

15e has been shown to recognize a conformation-dependent epitope on gp120 which is important in both CD4 binding and neutralizing of HIV-1 infection. (umassmed.edu)
The mutation in VZV-MSP led to a lost B-cell epitope in of enveloped virus characteristic of herpesviruses. (cdc.gov)
Both VZV-MSP and VZV-BC pox and was admitted to hospital for treatment with intrave- are escape mutants (i.e., they have lost a B-cell epitope present nous acyclovir. (cdc.gov)

Previously untreated follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL in combination with first line chemotherapy and, in patients achieving a complete or partial response to a rituximab product in combination with chemotherapy, as single-agent maintenance therapy. (nih.gov)

Helps maintain human pluripotent stem cells in undifferentiated state. (tocris.com)
Origination - pluripotent stem cells (fetal liver & bone marrow of animal host) Pluripotent- not yet committed to differentiate. (kupdf.net)
Regenerating prolonged multi-lineage hematopoiesis from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), an unlimited cell source, is a crucial aim of regenerative hematology. (bvsalud.org)

Protein kinase C α is a central signaling node and therapeutic target for breast cancer stem cells. (novartis.com)
This results in a high level of expression of the fusion protein inside the target cells. (discoverx.com)
The KILR Retroparticles for Suspension cells contain a hybrid LTR promoter for expression of the fusion protein in difficult-to-transduce suspension cell lines, whereas the KILR Retroparticles for Adherent cells use a CMV promoter for expression of the KILR construct in most adherent cell lines. (discoverx.com)
Death of the cells leads to rupture of the cell membrane and the KILR reporter protein is released into the medium. (discoverx.com)
Therapeutic antibodies are now the major class of successful protein drugs with many more in development to target a variety of major diseases. (genengnews.com)
TotalSeq™-D antibodies are compatible with Mission Bio's Tapestri Single-Cell Sequencing Platform for simultaneous detection of DNA and Protein. (biolegend.com)
TotalSeq™-D reagents are designed to profile protein expression at single cell level. (biolegend.com)
NASDAQ:MOR), and Incyte (NASDAQ:INCY) today announced a clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement to investigate the immunotherapeutic combination of Pfizer's TTI-622, a novel SIRPα-Fc fusion protein, and Monjuvi® (tafasitamab-cxix) plus lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are not eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). (pfizer.com)
Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is required for heterologous desensitization of adenylyl cyclase in S49 wild-type lymphoma cells. (elsevier.com)
Purified antibody is conjugated with activated tandem dye of activated Peridinin-Chlorophyll Protein-Cyanine 5.5 (PerCP-Cy™5.5) under optimum conditions and unconjugated antibody and free fluorochrome are removed by size-exclusion chromatography. (exbio.cz)
Human FcgammaRIII is expressed in two forms - FcgammaRIII-A and -B. FcgammaRIII-A is a transmembrane protein of monocytes, macrophages, NK cells and a subset of T cells. (exbio.cz)
third, the GAPDH-Siah protein complex translocates to the nucleus, dependent on Siah1's nuclear localization signal, and degrades Siah1's substrates in the nucleus, which results in cytotoxicity. (joplink.net)
Differentiation-Associated Expression of Conventional Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Primary Cultures of Bone Marrow Cells Induced by M-CSF and G-CSF. (aabioetica.org)
We sought to find out the protein content material in serum exosomes (SEs), to characterise SEs, and to find novel scientific biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (aabioetica.org)
1 Nevertheless, strategies that target protein misfolding frequently reduce aggregate formation and cell death in parallel. (bmj.com)
11, 14 Rouleau and colleagues found that oligomerisation of PABP2 is mediated by two potential oligomerisation domains (ODs)-deletions in either of these domains inactivated oligomerisation of mutant PABP2 and also reduced the cell death caused by this protein. (bmj.com)

Figure 3: Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules set thresholds for T-cell activation. (nature.com)

A breast cancer stem cell niche supported by juxtacrine signalling from monocytes and macrophages. (novartis.com)
It is expressed on the surface of NK cells, activated monocytes, macrophages, and placental trophoblasts in humans. (biolegend.com)
It is a member of the selectin family and is expressed on the majority of B and naïve T cells, a subset of memory T cells, monocytes, granulocytes, most thymocytes, and a subset of NK cells. (biolegend.com)

Over 100+ NK Cell Therapy companies are evaluating 185+ NK Cell Therapy therapies in various stages of development, and their anticipated acceptance in the NK Cell Therapy market would significantly increase market revenue. (secunderabadchronicle.in)
The NK Cell Therapy Companies and academics are working to assess challenges and seek opportunities that could influence Natural Killer (NK) cell therapy R&D. The NK Cell Therapy pipeline therapies under development are focused on novel approaches to treat/improve Natural Killer (NK) cell therapy. (secunderabadchronicle.in)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a major role in cancer progression. (unav.edu)
The iHPCs engrafted successfully in wild-type animals and repopulated abundant and complete myeloid-, B-, and T-lineage mature cells. (bvsalud.org)
Transcriptome characterization of generative myeloid, B, and T cells at the single-cell resolution further projected their identities to natural cell counterparts. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, we provide evidence that co-expression of exogenous Runx1, Hoxa9, and Hoxa10 simultaneously leads to long-term reconstitution of myeloid, B, and T lineages using PSC-derived iHPCs as the cell source. (bvsalud.org)
Background/Aims Cytotoxicity induced by reactive air species (ROS) is crucial for the potency of chemotherapeutic medications used in the treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (ecologicalsgardens.com)

The current research focuses on typical PKC (cPKC) expression and its regulation in major cultures of bone marrow cells induced to endure macrophage/granulocyte differentiation by macrophage colony-stimulating issue (M-CSF) or granular colony-stimulating issue (G-CSF). (aabioetica.org)
The relationship between B cells and CD4 T cells has been carefully studied, revealing a collaborative effort in which B cells promote the activation, differentiation, and expansion of CD4 T cells while the so-called "helper" cells provide signals to B cells, influencing their class switching and fate. (bvsalud.org)

Finally, beagle canine PBMCs are a good source of cells to test cross-reactivity of test molecules across a range of animals. (iqbiosciences.com)

As a proof of concept, we used FlowCT to compare the T-cell compartment in bone marrow (BM) with peripheral blood (PB) from patients with smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), identify minimally invasive immune biomarkers of progression from smoldering to active MM, define prognostic T-cell subsets in the BM of patients with active MM after treatment intensification, and assess the longitudinal effect of maintenance therapy in BM T cells. (unav.edu)
3086432 ). These NK cell subsets lack CD3 expression and are phenotypically and functionally distinct. (miltenyibiotec.com)
Additional NK cell subsets can be identified according to their tissue distribution. (miltenyibiotec.com)

Preparation of primary NK cells is slow and tedious. (genengnews.com)

The 3-Hex/G+ mutant (resistant to C'-dependent bacteriolysis) is killed by neutrophils in the presence of mAb and C'. In mice, 2- and 3-Hex/G+ infections are significantly shorter than 4- and 5-Hex/G+ infections. (umassmed.edu)
GRANULOCYTES Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) Neutrophils: Predominant type of white blood cell. (kupdf.net)

Binding of both proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPG) to endothelial cells (EC) has been suggested to be involved in the vascular damage seen in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis. (elsevier.com)
In the present study we investigated in detail the interaction of MPO and PR3 with cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and its matrix products. (elsevier.com)
Detailed analysis of the binding of PR3 to HUVEC monolayers showed that PR3 binds primarily to the extracellular matrix of endothelial cells, and to a very limited extent to the cells themselves. (elsevier.com)
For MPO it was shown that it binds both to the extracellular matrix and to the endothelial cells themselves. (elsevier.com)

Scientists started envisioning using monoclonal antibody (mAbs, for short) against HIV almost a quarter of a century ago. (managedcaremag.com)
IgA MAbs can hardly be obtained through the classical hybridoma technique that involves the fusion between murine splenocytes and myeloma cells [7] . (invivogen.com)
In this regard, we are using an innovative method to generate IgA MAbs which combines hybridoma and recombinant DNA technologies to produce IgA in CHO cells. (invivogen.com)

Increasing evidence of the clinical translatability of HIS mouse models is proving essential to advancing cell-based immunotherapies that may overcome the challenges of first-generation immuno-oncology therapeutics. (ddw-online.com)
It also covers the NK Cell Therapy pipeline therapeutics assessment by product type, stage, route of administration, and molecule type. (secunderabadchronicle.in)

Antibodies with 15e-like activity may be useful in immunoprophylaxis or immunotherapy of HIV-1 infection. (umassmed.edu)
Two methods for measuring the activity of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity are compared. (semanticscholar.org)
Binding of PR3 to HUVEC cultures (cells + matrix) was inhibited by fetal calf serum and by α 1 -antitrypsin, but inactivation of enzymatic activity of PR3 by PMSF did not influence binding of PR3 to HUVEC cultures. (elsevier.com)
Safety and clinical activity of pembrolizumab for treatment of recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (KEYNOTE-012): an open-label, multicentre, phase 1b trial. (mednet.nl)
Antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in biomarker-unselected patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Results from the phase Ib KEYNOTE-012 expansion cohort. (mednet.nl)
11 CaSki, a human cervical cancer cell collection, was obtained from American Type INCB018424 biological activity Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). CaSki monolayers were grown in RPMI-1640 medium with 10% FBS and 2.5 mmol/L L-glutamine. (irjs.info)
De Souza CEA, Andrade Pires AR, Cardoso CR, Carlos RM, Cadena SMSC, Acco A (2020) Antineoplastic activity of a novel ruthenium complex against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells. (mitophysiology.org)

Depending on the species (human or non-human) of blood, either 1.077 or 1.084 g/ml Ficoll is used, resulting in a perfect layer of mononuclear cells that are separated from plasma, platelets, granulocytes, and erythrocytes. (iqbiosciences.com)

The cells that have the inherent property of innate and adaptive immunity within the body are present at different sites including the blood, lymphatic system (lymph, lymphoid nodules and lymphoid organs), epithelium, and connective tissues. (medscape.com)

It could be of importance to identify the immunologically competent cells among the mononuclear cell infiltration as they might signify an immunological reaction around the tumour. (who.int)
Furthermore, adoptive transfer of OT1-iT cells suppresses solid tumour growth in tumour-bearing animals. (bvsalud.org)
Blood exosomes assist regulate communication between tumour cells, moderating their behaviour. (aabioetica.org)
Since the pioneering attempts of Denekamp and colleagues in the mid-1970s to sensitize hypoxic tumour cells (Fowler et al. (biomedcentral.com)

Most patients exhibit neutrophil-predominant airway inflammation combined with an increase in macrophages and CD8 + T-cells. (ersjournals.com)

The antibody was purified by chromatography and conjugated with TotalSeq™-D oligomer under optimal conditions. (biolegend.com)

To evaluate whether a BnAb can prevent infection after cell-associated viral challenge, we infused pigtail macaques with PGT121 or an isotype control and challenged animals 1 hour later intravenously with SHIVSF162P3-infected splenocytes. (edu.au)

Anatomy8

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Phenomena and Processes14

Information Science2

Early membrane rupture events during neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent tumor cell cytolysis. (1/1442)

Cytotoxicity of human and baboon mononuclear phagocytes against schistosomula in vitro: induction by immune complexes containing IgE and Schistosoma mansoni antigens. (2/1442)

Improving the efficacy of antibody-interleukin 2 fusion proteins by reducing their interaction with Fc receptors. (3/1442)

Monoclonal Lym-1 antibody-dependent cytolysis by neutrophils exposed to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: intervention of FcgammaRII (CD32), CD11b-CD18 integrins, and CD66b glycoproteins. (4/1442)

Natural cytotoxic and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity of cells in the decidua basales and metrial glands of pseudopregnant rats with deciduomata. (5/1442)

Human CD16 as a lysis receptor mediating direct natural killer cell cytotoxicity. (6/1442)

C-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can induce apoptosis and down-regulate Fas expression in rheumatoid synoviocytes. (7/1442)

Differential involvement of the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) receptor/ligand system on apoptosis induced by the wild-type p53 gene transfer in human cancer cells. (8/1442)

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity

Antibody-Dependent Enhancement

Cytotoxicity, Immunologic

Killer Cells, Natural

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Immunoglobulin G

Antibodies

Antibody Specificity

Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic

Antibodies, Viral

Antibodies, Bacterial

Cell Line

Cell Survival

Antibody Formation

Cells, Cultured

Antibodies, Neutralizing

Cell Line, Tumor

Molecular Sequence Data

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Apoptosis

Interleukin-3

Perforin

Antibody Affinity

Flow Cytometry

Interleukin-2

Signal Transduction

Receptors, Immunologic

Amino Acid Sequence

Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1

Lymphocyte Activation

NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K

Receptors, Natural Killer Cell

Cell Death

Recombinant Proteins

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic

Binding Sites, Antibody

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 3

Antibodies, Bispecific

K562 Cells

Cell Division

T-Lymphocytes

Granzymes

Receptors, IgG

Membrane Glycoproteins

Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins

Lymphocytes

Epitopes

Antibodies, Neoplasm

Antigens, CD56

Interferon-gamma

Early membrane rupture events during neutrophil-mediated antibody-dependent tumor cell cytolysis. (1/1442)

Cytotoxicity of human and baboon mononuclear phagocytes against schistosomula in vitro: induction by immune complexes containing IgE and Schistosoma mansoni antigens. (2/1442)

Improving the efficacy of antibody-interleukin 2 fusion proteins by reducing their interaction with Fc receptors. (3/1442)

Monoclonal Lym-1 antibody-dependent cytolysis by neutrophils exposed to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: intervention of FcgammaRII (CD32), CD11b-CD18 integrins, and CD66b glycoproteins. (4/1442)

Natural cytotoxic and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity of cells in the decidua basales and metrial glands of pseudopregnant rats with deciduomata. (5/1442)

Human CD16 as a lysis receptor mediating direct natural killer cell cytotoxicity. (6/1442)

C-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides can induce apoptosis and down-regulate Fas expression in rheumatoid synoviocytes. (7/1442)

Differential involvement of the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) receptor/ligand system on apoptosis induced by the wild-type p53 gene transfer in human cancer cells. (8/1442)

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