Antibodies monoclonal. Medical search

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.

Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.

Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS.

Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.

Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS.

Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A form of antibodies consisting only of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains (FV FRAGMENTS), connected by a small linker peptide. They are less immunogenic than complete immunoglobulin and thus have potential therapeutic use.

Antibodies that inhibit the reaction between ANTIGEN and other antibodies or sensitized T-LYMPHOCYTES (e.g., antibodies of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G class that compete with IGE antibodies for antigen, thereby blocking an allergic response). Blocking antibodies that bind tumors and prevent destruction of tumor cells by CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES have also been called enhancing antibodies. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

Unique genetically-controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

Antibodies that can catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions. They are characterized by high substrate specificity and share many mechanistic features with enzymes.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Partial immunoglobulin molecules resulting from selective cleavage by proteolytic enzymes or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Conditions characterized by the presence of M protein (Monoclonal protein) in serum or urine without clinical manifestations of plasma cell dyscrasia.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.

Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids. These antibodies are characteristically found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC;), ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; related autoimmune diseases, some non-autoimmune diseases, and also in healthy individuals.

A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.

Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The phenomenon of antibody-mediated target cell destruction by non-sensitized effector cells. The identity of the target cell varies, but it must possess surface IMMUNOGLOBULIN G whose Fc portion is intact. The effector cell is a "killer" cell possessing Fc receptors. It may be a lymphocyte lacking conventional B- or T-cell markers, or a monocyte, macrophage, or polynuclear leukocyte, depending on the identity of the target cell. The reaction is complement-independent.

Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (IMMUNOTOXINS) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (see RADIOTHERAPY).

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Use of radiolabeled antibodies for diagnostic imaging of neoplasms. Antitumor antibodies are labeled with diverse radionuclides including iodine-131, iodine-123, indium-111, or technetium-99m and injected into the patient. Images are obtained by a scintillation camera.

A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide.

Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.

Semisynthetic conjugates of various toxic molecules, including RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES and bacterial or plant toxins, with specific immune substances such as IMMUNOGLOBULINS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; and ANTIGENS. The antitumor or antiviral immune substance carries the toxin to the tumor or infected cell where the toxin exerts its poisonous effect.

The classes of immunoglobulins found in any species of animal. In man there are nine classes that migrate in five different groups in electrophoresis; they each consist of two light and two heavy protein chains, and each group has distinguishing structural and functional properties.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Field of chemistry that pertains to immunological phenomena and the study of chemical reactions related to antigen stimulation of tissues. It includes physicochemical interactions between antigens and antibodies.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.

An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

Unstable isotopes of indium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. In atoms with atomic weights 106-112, 113m, 114, and 116-124 are radioactive indium isotopes.

Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.

The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Autoantibodies directed against cytoplasmic constituents of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES and/or MONOCYTES. They are used as specific markers for GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS and other diseases, though their pathophysiological role is not clear. ANCA are routinely detected by indirect immunofluorescence with three different patterns: c-ANCA (cytoplasmic), p-ANCA (perinuclear), and atypical ANCA.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Molecules found on the surface of some, but not all, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, which recognize and combine with the Fc (crystallizable) portion of immunoglobulin molecules.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the B-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the B-cell receptor are located on the surface of the antigen.

A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.

Unglycosylated phosphoproteins expressed only on B-cells. They are regulators of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and thought to play a role in B-cell activation and proliferation.

One of the types of light chains of the immunoglobulins with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

A glycoprotein that is secreted into the luminal surface of the epithelia in the gastrointestinal tract. It is found in the feces and pancreaticobiliary secretions and is used to monitor the response to colon cancer treatment.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. It has a molecular weight of 120 kDa and contains numerous glycosylation sites. Gp120 binds to cells expressing CD4 cell-surface antigens, most notably T4-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Gp120 has been shown to interfere with the normal function of CD4 and is at least partly responsible for the cytopathic effect of HIV.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.

Antibodies specific to INSULIN.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Specific molecular sites on the surface of various cells, including B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that combine with IMMUNOGLOBULIN Gs. Three subclasses exist: Fc gamma RI (the CD64 antigen, a low affinity receptor), Fc gamma RII (the CD32 antigen, a high affinity receptor), and Fc gamma RIII (the CD16 antigen, a low affinity receptor).

Crystallizable fragments composed of the carboxy-terminal halves of both IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fc fragments contain the carboxy-terminal parts of the heavy chain constant regions that are responsible for the effector functions of an immunoglobulin (COMPLEMENT fixation, binding to the cell membrane via FC RECEPTORS, and placental transport). This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

An immunoglobulin fragment composed of one variable domain from an IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN or IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN.

Surface glycoproteins on platelets which have a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis such as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Many of these are receptors.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

Carbohydrate antigens expressed by malignant tissue. They are useful as tumor markers and are measured in the serum by means of a radioimmunoassay employing monoclonal antibodies.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Non-nucleated disk-shaped cells formed in the megakaryocyte and found in the blood of all mammals. They are mainly involved in blood coagulation.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique utilizing a fluorochrome conjugated to an antibody, which is added directly to a tissue or cell suspension for the detection of a specific antigen. (Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

55-kDa antigens found on HELPER-INDUCER T-LYMPHOCYTES and on a variety of other immune cell types. CD4 antigens are members of the immunoglobulin supergene family and are implicated as associative recognition elements in MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX class II-restricted immune responses. On T-lymphocytes they define the helper/inducer subset. CD4 antigens also serve as INTERLEUKIN-15 receptors and bind to the HIV receptors, binding directly to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

Complex of at least five membrane-bound polypeptides in mature T-lymphocytes that are non-covalently associated with one another and with the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL). The CD3 complex includes the gamma, delta, epsilon, zeta, and eta chains (subunits). When antigen binds to the T-cell receptor, the CD3 complex transduces the activating signals to the cytoplasm of the T-cell. The CD3 gamma and delta chains (subunits) are separate from and not related to the gamma/delta chains of the T-cell receptor (RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA).

Antigens expressed on the cell membrane of T-lymphocytes during differentiation, activation, and normal and neoplastic transformation. Their phenotypic characterization is important in differential diagnosis and studies of thymic ontogeny and T-cell function.

Transplantation between animals of different species.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Antigens expressed primarily on the membranes of living cells during sequential stages of maturation and differentiation. As immunologic markers they have high organ and tissue specificity and are useful as probes in studies of normal cell development as well as neoplastic transformation.

Antibodies found in adult RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients that are directed against GAMMA-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULINS.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

JNK2 is required for efficient T-cell activation and apoptosis but not for normal lymphocyte development. (1/44698)

BACKGROUND: The Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway has been implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis, but its function seems to depend on the cell type and inducing signal. In T cells, JNK has been implicated in both antigen-induced activation and apoptosis. RESULTS: We generated mice lacking the JNK2 isozymes. The mutant mice were healthy and fertile but defective in peripheral T-cell activation induced by antibody to the CD3 component of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex - proliferation and production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were reduced. The proliferation defect was restored by exogenous IL-2. B-cell activation was normal in the absence of JNK2. Activation-induced peripheral T-cell apoptosis was comparable between mutant and wild-type mice, but immature (CD4(+) CD8(+)) thymocytes lacking JNK2 were resistant to apoptosis induced by administration of anti-CD3 antibody in vivo. The lack of JNK2 also resulted in partial resistance of thymocytes to anti-CD3 antibody in vitro, but had little or no effect on apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody, dexamethasone or ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation. CONCLUSIONS: JNK2 is essential for efficient activation of peripheral T cells but not B cells. Peripheral T-cell activation is probably required indirectly for induction of thymocyte apoptosis resulting from administration of anti-CD3 antibody in vivo. JNK2 functions in a cell-type-specific and stimulus-dependent manner, being required for apoptosis of immature thymocytes induced by anti-CD3 antibody but not for apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody, UVC or dexamethasone. JNK2 is not required for activation-induced cell death of mature T cells. (+info)

Role of alphavbeta3 integrin in the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. (2/44698)

Interaction between integrin alphavbeta3 and extracellular matrix is crucial for endothelial cells sprouting from capillaries and for angiogenesis. Furthermore, integrin-mediated outside-in signals co-operate with growth factor receptors to promote cell proliferation and motility. To determine a potential regulation of angiogenic inducer receptors by the integrin system, we investigated the interaction between alphavbeta3 integrin and tyrosine kinase vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in human endothelial cells. We report that tyrosine-phosphorylated VEGFR-2 co-immunoprecipitated with beta3 integrin subunit, but not with beta1 or beta5, from cells stimulated with VEGF-A165. VEGFR-2 phosphorylation and mitogenicity induced by VEGF-A165 were enhanced in cells plated on the alphavbeta3 ligand, vitronectin, compared with cells plated on the alpha5beta1 ligand, fibronectin or the alpha2beta1 ligand, collagen. BV4 anti-beta3 integrin mAb, which does not interfere with endothelial cell adhesion to vitronectin, reduced (i) the tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2; (ii) the activation of downstream transductor phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase; and (iii) biological effects triggered by VEGF-A165. These results indicate a new role for alphavbeta3 integrin in the activation of an in vitro angiogenic program in endothelial cells. Besides being the most important survival system for nascent vessels by regulating cell adhesion to matrix, alphavbeta3 integrin participates in the full activation of VEGFR-2 triggered by VEGF-A, which is an important angiogenic inducer in tumors, inflammation and tissue regeneration. (+info)

Adenoviral gene transfer into the normal and injured spinal cord: enhanced transgene stability by combined administration of temperature-sensitive virus and transient immune blockade. (3/44698)

This study characterized gene transfer into both normal and injured adult rat dorsal spinal cord using first (E1-/E3-) or second (E1-/E2A125/E3-, temperature-sensitive; ts) generation of replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vectors. A novel immunosuppressive regimen aimed at blocking CD4/CD45 lymphocytic receptors was tested for improving transgene persistence. In addition, the effect of gene transfer on nociception was also evaluated. Seven days after treatment, numerous LacZ-positive cells were observed after transfection with either viral vector. By 21 days after transfection, beta-galactosidase staining was reduced and suggestive of ongoing cytopathology in both Ad-treated groups, despite the fact that the immunogenicity of LacZ/Adts appeared less when compared with that elicited by the LacZ/Ad vector. In contrast, immunosuppressed animals showed a significant (P < or = 0.05) increase in the number of LacZ-positive cells not displaying cytopathology. In these animals, a concomitant reduction in numbers of macrophages/microglia and CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes was observed. Only animals that received LacZ/Adts and immunosuppression showed transgene expression after 60 days. Similar results were observed in animals in which the L4-L5 dorsal roots were lesioned before transfection. Gene transfer into the dorsal spinal cord did not affect nociception, independent of the adenovirus vector. These results indicate that immune blockade of the CD4/CD45 lymphocytic receptors enhanced transgene stability in adult animals with normal or injured spinal cords and that persistent transgene expression in the spinal cord does not interfere with normal neural function. (+info)

Role of antibodies against Bordetella pertussis virulence factors in adherence of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis to human bronchial epithelial cells. (4/44698)

Immunization with whole-cell pertussis vaccines (WCV) containing heat-killed Bordetella pertussis cells and with acellular vaccines containing genetically or chemically detoxified pertussis toxin (PT) in combination with filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (Prn), or fimbriae confers protection in humans and animals against B. pertussis infection. In an earlier study we demonstrated that FHA is involved in the adherence of these bacteria to human bronchial epithelial cells. In the present study we investigated whether mouse antibodies directed against B. pertussis FHA, PTg, Prn, and fimbriae, or against two other surface molecules, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the 40-kDa outer membrane porin protein (OMP), that are not involved in bacterial adherence, were able to block adherence of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis to human bronchial epithelial cells. All antibodies studied inhibited the adherence of B. pertussis to these epithelial cells and were equally effective in this respect. Only antibodies against LPS and 40-kDa OMP affected the adherence of B. parapertussis to epithelial cells. We conclude that antibodies which recognize surface structures on B. pertussis or on B. parapertussis can inhibit adherence of the bacteria to bronchial epithelial cells, irrespective whether these structures play a role in adherence of the bacteria to these cells. (+info)

Linear peptide specificity of bovine antibody responses to p67 of Theileria parva and sequence diversity of sporozoite-neutralizing epitopes: implications for a vaccine. (5/44698)

A stage-specific surface antigen of Theileria parva, p67, is the basis for the development of an anti-sporozoite vaccine for the control of East Coast fever (ECF) in cattle. By Pepscan analysis with a series of overlapping synthetic p67 peptides, the antigen was shown to contain five distinct linear peptide sequences recognized by sporozoite-neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies. Three epitopes were located between amino acid positions 105 to 229 and two were located between positions 617 to 639 on p67. Bovine antibodies to a synthetic peptide containing one of these epitopes neutralized sporozoites, validating this approach for defining immune responses that are likely to contribute to immunity. Comparison of the peptide specificity of antibodies from cattle inoculated with recombinant p67 that were immune or susceptible to ECF did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two groups. In general, antipeptide antibody levels in the susceptible animals were lower than in the immune group and neither group developed high responses to all sporozoite-neutralizing epitopes. The bovine antibody response to recombinant p67 was restricted to the N- and C-terminal regions of p67, and there was no activity against the central portion between positions 313 and 583. So far, p67 sequence polymorphisms have been identified only in buffalo-derived T. parva parasites, but the consequence of these for vaccine development remains to be defined. The data indicate that optimizations of the current vaccination protocol against ECF should include boosting of relevant antibody responses to neutralizing epitopes on p67. (+info)

Functional activities and epitope specificity of human and murine antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (Rmp) of Neisseria meningitidis. (6/44698)

Antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (OMP) from Neisseria meningitidis have been purified from sera from vaccinees immunized with the Norwegian meningococcal group B outer membrane vesicle vaccine. The human sera and purified antibodies reacted strongly with the class 4 OMP in immunoblots, whereas experiments with whole bacteria showed only weak reactions, indicating that the antibodies mainly reacted with parts of the class 4 molecule that were not exposed. The purified human anti-class 4 OMP antibodies and the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were neither bactericidal nor opsonic against live meningococci. Three new MAbs against the class 4 OMP were generated and compared with other, previously described MAbs. Three linear epitopes in different regions of the class 4 OMP were identified by the reaction of MAbs with synthetic peptides. The MAbs showed no blocking effect on bactericidal activity of MAbs against other OMPs. However, one of the eight purified human anti-class 4 OMP antibody preparations, selected from immunoblot reactions among sera from 27 vaccinees, inhibited at high concentrations the bactericidal effect of a MAb against the class 1 OMP. However, these antibodies were not vaccine induced, as they were present also before vaccination. Therefore, this study gave no evidence that vaccination with a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle vaccine containing the class 4 OMP induces blocking antibodies. Our data indicated that the structure of class 4 OMP does not correspond to standard beta-barrel structures of integral OMPs and that no substantial portion of the OmpA-like C-terminal region of this protein is located at the surface of the outer membrane. (+info)

Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite pellicle antigen recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody is a beta-mannosylated glycolipid. (7/44698)

The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is an important cause of diarrhea in humans, calves, and other mammals worldwide. No approved vaccines or parasite-specific drugs are currently available for the control of cryptosporidiosis. To effectively immunize against C. parvum, identification and characterization of protective antigens are required. We previously identified CPS-500, a conserved, neutralization-sensitive antigen of C. parvum sporozoites and merozoites defined by monoclonal antibody 18.44. In the present study, the biochemical characteristics and subcellular location of CPS-500 were determined. CPS-500 was chloroform extractable and eluted with acetone and methanol in silicic acid chromatography, consistent with being a polar glycolipid. Following chloroform extraction and silicic acid chromatography, CPS-500 was isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography for glycosyl analysis, which indicated the presence of mannose and inositol. To identify which component of CPS-500 comprised the neutralization-sensitive epitope recognized by 18.44, the ability of the monoclonal antibody to bind CPS-500 treated with proteases, or with alpha- or beta-glycosidases, was determined. Monoclonal antibody 18.44 did not bind antigen treated with beta-D-mannosidase but did bind antigen treated with alpha-D-mannosidase, other alpha- or beta-glycosidases, or a panel of proteases. These data indicated that the target epitope was dependent on terminal beta-D-mannopyranosyl residues. By immunoelectron microscopy, 18.44 binding was localized to the pellicle and an intracytoplasmic tubulovesicular network in sporozoites. Monoclonal antibody 18.44 also bound to antigen deposited and released onto substrate over the course travelled by gliding sporozoites and merozoites. Surface localization, adhesion and release during locomotion, and neutralization sensitivity suggest that CPS-500 may be involved in motility and invasion processes of the infective zoite stages. (+info)

Salivary mucin MG1 is comprised almost entirely of different glycosylated forms of the MUC5B gene product. (8/44698)

The MG1 population of mucins was isolated from human whole salivas by gel chromatography followed by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. The reduced and alkylated MG1 mucins, separated by anion exchange chromatography, were of similar size (radius of gyration 55-64 nm) and molecular weight (2.5-2.9 x 10(6) Da). Two differently-charged populations of MG1 subunits were observed which showed different reactivity with monoclonal antibodies to glycan epitopes. Monosaccharide and amino acid compositional analyses indicated that the MG1 subunits had similar glycan structures on the same polypeptide. An antiserum recognizing the MUC5B mucin was reactive across the entire distribution, whereas antisera raised against the MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins showed no reactivity. Western blots of agarose gel electrophoresis of fractions across the anion exchange distribution indicated that the polypeptide underlying the mucins was the product of the MUC5B gene. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping performed on the fragments produced by trypsin digestion of the two MG1 populations yielded data similar to that obtained for MUC5B mucin subunits prepared from respiratory mucus (Thornton et al., 1997) and confirmed that the MUC5B gene product was the predominant mucin polypeptide present. Isolation of the MG1 mucins from the secretions of the individual salivary glands (palatal, sublingual, and submandibular) indicate that the palatal gland is the source of the highly charged population of the MUC5B mucin. (+info)

Antibody types[edit]. The antibodies used for specific detection can be polyclonal or monoclonal. Polyclonal antibodies are ... Monoclonal antibodies[edit]. Main article: Monoclonal antibody therapy. Many proteins shown to be highly upregulated in ... Thus, polyclonal antibodies are a heterogeneous mix of antibodies that recognize several epitopes. Monoclonal antibodies are ... while secondary antibodies are raised against immunoglobulins of the primary antibody species. The secondary antibody is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunohistochemical_staining

Monoclonal antibodies/ADCs[edit]. MMAE has been tested with various monoclonal antibodies (usually forming an antibody-drug ... Because of its toxicity, it cannot be used as a drug itself; instead, it is linked to a monoclonal antibody (MAB) which directs ... The linker to the monoclonal antibody is stable in extracellular fluid, but is cleaved by cathepsin once the conjugate has ... "AGS67E, an Anti-CD37 Monomethyl Auristatin E Antibody-Drug Conjugate as a Potential Therapeutic for B/T-Cell Malignancies and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomethyl_auristatin_E

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... It is a single chain variable fragment of a monoclonal antibody targeted against component 5 of the complement system.[4] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pexelizumab

It was constructed from a fully human monoclonal antibody, while infliximab is a mouse-human chimeric antibody and etanercept ... Adalimumab was the first fully human monoclonal antibody approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[34] It was ... 1999: Preliminary results of early clinical trials with the fully human anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody D2E7[37] ... "Preliminary results of early clinical trials with the fully human anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody D2E7". Ann Rheum Dis. 58 (suppl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalimumab?fbclid=IwAR0kN6_SAsvpklfBrX1eex9_OYvtp-Oxig3N-LuJPcx5MvcJhmzA9_Cv2ko

... it is not associated with the development of antibodies against the drug, which might reduce the effectiveness of future doses ... Monoclonal. Serum target. (noncellular). *Complement component 5 *Eculizumab. *TNF *Adalimumab. *Afelimomab. *Certolizumab ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladribine

... ,[2] sold under the brand name Stelara, is a human monoclonal antibody used to treat psoriasis.[3] ... "Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralising antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelara

Antibodies. Monoclonal. Serum target. (noncellular). *Complement component 5 *Eculizumab. *TNF *Adalimumab. *Afelimomab ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclosporin

Monoclonal antibodies[edit]. Monoclonal antibodies are directed towards exactly defined antigens. Therefore, they cause fewer ... T-cell receptor directed antibodies[edit]. Muromonab-CD3 is a murine anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody of the IgG2a type that ... Polyclonal antibodies[edit]. Heterologous polyclonal antibodies are obtained from the serum of animals (e.g., rabbit, horse), ... A TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) binding protein is a monoclonal antibody or a circulating receptor such as infliximab ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug

Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies *Infliximab. *Adalimumab. *Certolizumab pegol. *Golimumab. References[edit]. *^ Feldmann M, ... It fuses the TNF receptor to the constant end of the IgG1 antibody. First, the developers isolated the DNA sequence that codes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanercept

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... Ruplizumab (trade name Antova) is a humanized monoclonal antibody intended for the treatment of rheumatic diseases like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruplizumab

... but is not a monoclonal antibody (it is instead a fusion of TNF-receptor and an antibody constant region).[29] ... They are monoclonal antibodies and have identical structures and affinities to the target. Because they are a combination of ... Other monoclonal antibodies targeting TNF-α are golimumab, adalimumab, and certolizumab pegol. Etanercept also binds and ... Infliximab is a purified, recombinant DNA-derived chimeric human-mouse IgG monoclonal antibody that consists of mouse heavy and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remicade

Antibodies. Monoclonal. Serum target. (noncellular). *Complement component 5 *Eculizumab. *TNF *Adalimumab. *Afelimomab ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR_inhibitor

humanized monoclonal antibody HER2/neu (erbB2) antagonist ustekinumab Stelara psoriasis humanized monoclonal antibody IL-12 and ... Monoclonal antibodies. These are similar to the antibodies that the human immune system uses to fight off bacteria and viruses ... monoclonal antibody TNF antagonist alefacept Amevive chronic plaque psoriasis immunoglobin G1 fusion protein incompletely ... monoclonal antibody TNF antagonist trastuzumab Herceptin breast cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologics

Monoclonal antibodies. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody to HER2 (a cell receptor that is especially active in some breast ... Monoclonal antibodies, or other immune-modulating treatments, may be administered in certain cases of metastatic and other ... but HER2+ cancer cells respond to drugs such as the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (in combination with conventional ... a monoclonal antibody that targets this protein and improves the prognosis significantly. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_Cancer

by monoclonal antibodies: monoclonal antibody therapy. *by urine: urine therapy (some scientific forms; many prescientific or ... by humoral immune factors: antibody therapy *by whole serum: serotherapy, including antiserum therapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy

Other anti-CD20 monoclonals[edit]. The efficacy and success of Rituximab has led to some other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies ... antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity).[55] This strategy for enhancing a monoclonal antibody's ability to induce ADCC takes ... Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of immune system ... McGinley, MP; Moss, BP; Cohen, JA (January 2017). "Safety of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

Antibody specific to select immune components can be added to immunosuppressive therapy. The monoclonal anti-T cell antibody ... Antibody[edit]. Secreted by an activated B cell, then called plasma cell, an antibody molecule is a soluble immunoglobulin (Ig ... Galili, U (Dec 2005). "The alpha-gal epitope and the anti-Gal antibody in xenotransplantation and in cancer immunotherapy". ... At secondary exposure, these crossreactive antibody molecules interact with aspects of innate immunity-soluble immune proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_rejection

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... Ecromeximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody being developed for the treatment of malignant melanoma.[1][2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecromeximab

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... Farletuzumab (MORAb-003) is a monoclonal antibody[1] which is being investigated for the treatment of ovarian cancer.[2][3] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farletuzumab

... (formerly EMD 72000) is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the treatment of cancer. It binds to the epidermal growth ... Murthy, U.; Basu, A; Rodeck, U.; Herlyn, M.; Ross, A.H.; Das, M. (1987). "Binding of an antagonistic monoclonal antibody to an ... Schmiedel, J.; Blaukat, A.; Li, S.; Knochel, T.; Ferguson, K.M. (2008). "A molecular view of anti-ErbB monoclonal antibody ... 2004). "Phase I study of the humanized antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody EMD72000 in patients with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matuzumab

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... Briakinumab (ABT-874) is a human monoclonal antibody being developed by Abbott Laboratories for the treatment of rheumatoid ... The candidate drug was discovered by Cambridge Antibody Technology in collaboration with Abbott.[3][4] ... This is the second candidate from a deal with Cambridge Antibody Technology that Abbott have taken to late-stage clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briakinumab

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... Mavrilimumab is a human monoclonal antibody[1] that inhibits human granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor ( ... Agent that Targets GM-CSF Shows Promise in RA - Novel monoclonal antibody was rapidly effective in mild-to-moderate disease. ... a human monoclonal antibody targeting GM-CSF receptor-α, in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mavrilimumab

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ... Priliximab (cMT 412) is a human-mouse chimeric anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. It has been tested on patients with Crohn's ... "Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody cM-T412: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo- ... Llewellyn-Smith N, Lai M, Miller D, Rudge P, Thompson A, Cuzner M (1997). "Effects of anti-CD4 antibody treatment on lymphocyte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priliximab

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) with the PD-1 and CD80 (B7.1) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durvalumab

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ... It is a monoclonal antibody that targets calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRP) alpha and beta.[3][4] It is administered by ... Other anti-migraine antibodies blocking the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway *Erenumab ... November 2014). "Safety and efficacy of ALD403, an antibody to calcitonin gene-related peptide, for the prevention of frequent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eptinezumab

This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.. *v ... Burosumab (INN, trade name Crysvita) known as KRN23 is a human monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of X-linked ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burosumab

... is a monoclonal antibody for the prophylaxis of rabies.[1] It is under development by Sanofi/Crucell.[2] ... This monoclonal antibody-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foravirumab

Difficulty in producing monoclonal antibodies[edit]. Main article: Monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are ... Any monoclonal antibody or group of monoclonal antibodies that does not react with known surface molecules of lymphocytes, but ... These antibodies are monoclonal antibodies, since they derive from clones of the same parent cell. A polyclonal response is one ... The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyclonal

monoclonal antibody against EGFR: *cetuximab (Erbitux)[12][unreliable medical source?]. *Inhibitors of vascular endothelial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_therapy_of_lung_cancer

Human monoclonal antibodies. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 1984, 62 (2): 109-20. PMID 6087121. doi:10.1007/BF00223301.. ... 抗體（antibody），又稱免疫球蛋白（immunoglobulin，簡稱Ig）[1]，是一種主要由漿細胞分泌，被免疫系統用來鑑別與中和外來物質如細菌、病毒等病原體的大型Y形蛋白質，僅被發現存在於脊椎動物的血液等體液中，及

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/抗体

Antibodies. *Antibody *Monoclonal antibodies. *Polyclonal antibodies. *Autoantibody. *Microantibody. *Polyclonal B cell ... They secrete high levels of antibodies, ranging from hundreds to thousands of antibodies per second per cell.[5] Unlike their ... Plasma cells can only produce a single kind of antibody in a single class of immunoglobulin. In other words, every B cell is ... The lifespan, class of antibodies produced, and the location that the plasma cell moves to also depends on signals, such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_cells

PCSK9 inhibitors[5][6] are monoclonal antibodies for refractory cases. They are used in combination with statins. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid-lowering_agent

"Characterization of antigens recognized by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against uvomorulin". Proc. Natl. Acad ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

"Investigational Monoclonal Antibody to Treat Ebola Is Safe in Adults" (Press release). National Institute of Allergy and ... Researchers looking at slides of cultures of cells that make monoclonal antibodies. These are grown in a lab and the ... IgM antibodies are detectable two days after symptom onset and IgG antibodies can be detected six to 18 days after symptom ... Finding the virus, viral RNA, or antibodies in blood[1]. Differential diagnosis. Malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Other anti-CD20 monoclonalsEdit. The efficacy and success of Rituximab has led to some other anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies ... antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity).[57] This strategy for enhancing a monoclonal antibody's ability to induce ADCC takes ... Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of immune system ... Scott, Shane D. (1998). "Rituximab: A New Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma". Cancer Practice. 6 (3): ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rituximab

CI monoclonal antibodies ("-mab"). Receptor tyrosine kinase. *ErbB: HER1/EGFR (Cetuximab. *Panitumumab) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afatinib

Newer, so-called "biologic drugs" or monoclonal antibodies, are also used in these conditions and include rituximab, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrologist

4,0 4,1 Levitt, P. (1984). A monoclonal antibody to limbic system neurons. Science 223: 299-301. ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgLON

3-glucans enhance the tumoricidal activity of antitumor monoclonal antibodies in murine tumor models". Journal of Immunology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-glucans

Peterson A, Seed B (1987). "Monoclonal antibody and ligand binding sites of the T cell erythrocyte receptor (CD2).". Nature 329 ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD2

The Center of molecular immunology (CIM) developed nimotuzumab, a monoclonal antibody used to treat cancer. Nimotuzumab is an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_of_Cuba

Antibodies. *Antibody *Monoclonal antibodies. *Polyclonal antibodies. *Autoantibody. *Microantibody. *Polyclonal B cell ... B cells: releases antibodies and assists activation of T cells. *T cells: *CD4+ Th (T helper) cells: activate and regulate T ... This causes an antibody response to be mounted. Monocytes eventually leave the bloodstream and become tissue macrophages, which ... B cells make antibodies that can bind to pathogens, block pathogen invasion, activate the complement system, and enhance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_cell

Chen D.X., Gorczynski R.M. Discrete monoclonal antibodies define functionally important epitopes in the CD200 molecule ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD200

Alirocumab and evolocumab, both monoclonal antibodies against PCSK9, are specifically indicated as adjunct to diet and ... "PCSK9 inhibition with monoclonal antibodies-modern management of hypercholesterolemia". Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_hypercholesterolemia

Quantifying antivascular effects of monoclonal antibodies to vascular endothelial growth factor: insights from imaging. In: ... Direct evidence that the VEGF-specific antibody bevacizumab has antivascular effects in human rectal cancer. In: Nature ...

https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevacizumab

... and leads to production of monoclonal antibodies.[1] This part of immune response may be important in some early stages of ... Antibody production independent of T lymphocytes[edit]. For most protein antigens, the production of antibodies by B ... T independent antigen elicits antibody production by B lymphocytes without T lymphocyte involvement. There are 2 distinct ... The most commonly released isotype of antibodies in this type of immune reaction is low affinity IgM.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_independent_antigen_

1984). "Natural killer-like function of activated T lymphocytes: differential blocking effects of monoclonal antibodies ...

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAMF6

In the case of dengue virus, monoclonal anti-CLEC5A antibodies are able to suppress the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines ... With the discovery of CLEC5A interactions with different viruses, scientists are testing blocking anti-CLEC5A antibodies, Syk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLEC5A

Wakefield TS, Kempf SC (2001) Development of host- and symbiont-specific monoclonal antibodies and confirmation of the origin ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiodinium

... a monoclonal antibody, Novartis) being developed and sold,[7] and the off-label use of the cheaper Bevacizumab.[8] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegaptanib

Antibodies. *Antibody *Monoclonal antibodies. *Polyclonal antibodies. *Autoantibody. *Microantibody. *Polyclonal B cell ... In most cases, an adapted antibody can only react to and bind one specific antigen; in some instances, however, antibodies may ... Antigens are "targeted" by antibodies. Each antibody is specifically produced by the immune system to match an antigen after ... While antigens are the "target" of antibodies, immunoglobulin-binding proteins "attack" antibodies. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen

This inhibition can be achieved with a monoclonal antibody such as infliximab (Remicade) binding directly to TNFα, adalimumab ( ... and identified the therapeutic effects of monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies.[20][21] More recently, research in the Laboratory of ... "Anti-cachectin/TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent septic shock during lethal bacteraemia". Nature. 330 (6149): 662-64. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha

CD20 monoclonal antibody conjugated to yttrium-90.[75] In 2003, the FDA approved the tositumomab/iodine (131I) tositumomab ... which is a combination of an iodine-131 labelled and an unlabelled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.[76] These medications were ... Targeting can also be achieved by attaching the radioisotope to another molecule or antibody to guide it to the target tissue. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

Stains used: mouse monoclonal alpha-synuclein antibody; counterstained with Mayer's haematoxylin. Lewy bodies ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewy_bodies

... a humanized monoclonal anti-IL-5 antibodies which reduces excessive eosinophilia). This suggests CASS4 activity may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASS4

Afucosylated monoclonal antibodies. References[edit]. *^ Hashimoto, G.; Wright, P. F.; Karzon, D. T. (1983-11-01). "Antibody- ... Monoclonal antibody action against cancer[edit]. The effects against solid tumors of trastuzumab and rituximab monoclonal ... Multiple myeloma can be treated with daratumumab (Darzalex) monoclonal antibody.[6] Studies with in vitro materials and patient ... Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity

vaccines, immunoglobulins, immunosuppressants, interferons, monoclonal antibodies For allergic disordersEdit. anti-allergics, ... monoclonal antibodies and cell therapy (for instance, stem-cell therapies). Other ways to classify medicines are by mode of ... cytotoxic drugs, therapeutic antibodies, sex hormones, aromatase inhibitors, somatostatin inhibitors, recombinant interleukins ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical

"Transgenic plants of Nicotiana tabacum L. express aglycosylated monoclonal antibody with antitumor activity". Biotecnologia ... Glycosylation is an important parameter in the optimization of many glycoprotein-based drugs such as monoclonal antibodies.[5] ... Aglycosylation is a feature of engineered antibodies to bypass glycosylation.[2][3] Five classes of glycans are produced: *N- ... engineering aglycosylated full-length IgG antibodies for human therapy". Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 22 (6): 858-67. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylated

treatment with monoclonal antibodies which target cancer cells. *cancer vaccines. Areas of current research and controversies[ ... These proteins can be stained with fluorescent dye labeled antibodies and detected using flow cytometry. The limit of detection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_residual_disease

These antibodies show extremely intense coarsely granular staining. No other nuclear staining or cytoplasmic staining can b, ... Immediate Early Antigen Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated, Clone 3G9.2 from CHEMICON,Reacts with an early protein. Can detect ... Ab-1 Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated from Lab Vision. 10. Rat Anti-Mouse F4 / 80 Antigen Monoclonal Antibody, Biotin ... Mouse Anti-HLA, Class II Antigen-DR+DP Monoclonal Antibody, Unconjugated, Clone 236-14240 from Meridian Life Science, Inc.. 4. ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-products/Anti-Cytomegalovirus--28CMV-29-Immediate-Early-Antigen-Monoclonal-Antibody--Unconjugated--Clone-3G9-2-from-CHEMICON-2132-1/

Award-winning news and culture, features breaking news, in-depth reporting and criticism on politics, business, entertainment and technology.

https://www.salon.com/topic/monoclonal_antibodies

Western blot assay carried out using monospecific antibodies produced in the supernatant of a cell line obtained by fusing a ... Western blot assay carried out using monospecific antibodies produced in the supernatant of a cell line obtained by fusing a ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ontologies/mi/terms?obo_id=MI%3A0072

... the procedure developed by George Kohler and Cesar Milstein for immortalizing antibody producing B-lymphocytes (1) is ... the antibodies are monoclonal It is this property, together with the ability to produce unlimited amounts of antibody, that has ... Anderson, D V, Tucker, E M, Powell, J R, and Porter, P (1987) Bovine monoclonal antibodies to the FS (K99) pilus antigen of E ... Waldmann, H and Cobbold, S (1993) The use of monoclonal antibodies to achieve lmmunological tolerance Immunol Today 14, 247-251 ...

https://link.springer.com/protocol/10.1007%2F978-1-59259-642-3_44

The result of monoclonal antibody quantification in serum is an important indicator of the drugs pharmacokinetic properties ... Monoclonal Antibody Quantification. News-Medical. https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20190722/Monoclonal-Antibody- ... The growing market of biologic drugs, pushed by a flurry of success with monoclonal antibodies, creates a need for standard ... Antibody-directed competitive assay. Antigen. Serum with labeled competition antibody. SA-HRP. Low background. Additional ...

https://www.news-medical.net/whitepaper/20190722/Monoclonal-Antibody-Quantification.aspx

Monoclonal antibodies to mitotic cells. F M Davis, T Y Tsao, S K Fowler, and P N Rao ... To learn more about the nature of these proteins, we raised monoclonal antibodies to mitotic cells. Spleen cells from mice ... The two antibodies, designated MPM-1 and MPM-2, recognize a family of polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 0.40 to ... Only mitotic cells exhibited the protein bands that were recognized by the antibodies. All these bands were found to be ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/80/10/2926?ijkey=d67d7dbb053a9985dd678a03dd62399ee4a070f3&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... hybridoma technology to the study of human mammary carcinoma resulted in the generation of a variety of monoclonal antibodies ... Monoclonal antibodies to human breast cancer. In "Monoclonal Antibodies 82" - Elsevier Press, 1982.Google Scholar ... 1984) Monoclonal Antibodies Against Breast Cancer. In: Aaronson S.A., Frati L., Verna R. (eds) Genetic and Phenotypic Markers ... Nuti M., Teramoto Y.A., Mariani-Costantini R., Horan Hand P., Colcher D., Schlom J.: A monoclonal antibody (B.72.3) defines ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-4856-6_11

Monoclonal Antibody News and Research. RSS Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are produced from a single B cell clone and can bind to ... Understanding Monoclonal Antibody Unfolding and Aggregation A therapeutic monoclonal antibody and its Fab and Fc fragments were ... IONTAS Limited, a leader in antibody discovery and optimization of human monoclonal antibody libraries, today announced an ... MAbs are homogenous antibodies that cannot form lattices with monomeric proteins as they can bind to only a single epitope on ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Monoclonal+Antibody

Monoclonal antibodies to human estrogen receptor. G L Greene, C Nolan, J P Engler, and E V Jensen ... These monoclonal antibodies should prove useful in the study of estrogen receptors of human reproductive tissues, in particular ... expanded in suspension culture and as ascites tumors in athymic mice to provide substantial quantities of monoclonal antibodies ... By growing the clone from Sp2/0 in the presence of [35S]methionine, radiolabeled monoclonal IgG has been prepared. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/77/9/5115?ijkey=2f587d219147e24011ca0a3fd6c824b81e9f66e9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Learn about other drugs used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children treatment including monoclonal antibodies, rituximab, and ... Monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies are proteins normally made by the bodys immune system to help fight infections. Man-made ... Several monoclonal antibodies are now being used to treat lymphoma in adults. Some of these are now being studied or used in ... called monoclonal antibodies, can be designed to attack a specific target, such as a protein on the surface of lymphoma cells. ...

https://www.cancer.org/cancer/childhood-non-hodgkin-lymphoma/treating/monoclonal-antibodies.html

... in evaluating the performance of methods for determining physicochemical and biophysical attributes of monoclonal antibodies. ... Image info NOW AVAILABLE The NIST monoclonal antibody (NISTmAb) reference material, RM 8671, is intended for use ... The NIST monoclonal antibody reference material is, quite possibly, the most widely characterized publicly available monoclonal ... A vial of RM 8671 contains 800 µL of 10 mg/mL IgG1κ monoclonal antibody in 12.5 mmol/L L-histidine, 12.5 mmol/L L-histidine HCl ...

https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nist-monoclonal-antibody-reference-material-8671

... Nanci E Donacki captainnanci at earthlink.net Wed Sep 11 15:46:47 EST 2002 *Previous message: Mouse ... I would like to know if it is possible to raise a mouse monoclonal antibody , , against a protein/peptide of rat. The thing is ... Yes, you will get antibodies to the protein as well, but you need to make sure your screening assays are specific for the ... highly antigenic carrier protein but then I will get an antibody against the , , carrier and not the peptide....Any suggestions ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/immuno/2002-September/017196.html

Learn more about treating cancer with monoclonal antibodies here. ... Some cancers can be treated with monoclonal antibodies made in ... Different types of monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer treatment.. Naked monoclonal antibodies. Naked mAbs are antibodies ... Monoclonal antibodies are used to treat many diseases, including some types of cancer. To make a monoclonal antibody, ... Conjugated monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) joined to a chemotherapy drug or to a radioactive particle are ...

http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/monoclonal-antibodies.html

... the present invention is drawn to antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to a vertebrate high mobility group ... The term "monoclonal antibody" or "monoclonal antibody composition", as used herein, refers to a population of antibody ... an anti-HMGB2 antibody, an anti-HMGB1/2 monoclonal antibody, or particular anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies (e.g., 2E11 HMGB1 ... Inhibition of TNF Release by Anti-HMGB1 Monoclonal Antibodies. The ability of particular HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies to inhibit ...

http://www.google.ca/patents/US7632500

As of late 2020, two major drug companies were in clinical trials testing monoclonal antibodies against the pandemic ... Monoclonal antibodies are biological drugs used to treat cancers, certain types of arthritis, lupus, MS, and IBD. ... What formulations of monoclonal antibodies are available?. *Is monoclonal antibody therapy safe during pregnancy or while ... What formulations of monoclonal antibodies are available?. *Is monoclonal antibody therapy safe during pregnancy or while ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/monoclonal_antibodies/article.htm

Accordingly, they are useful as antibodies that recognize human Integrin Associated Protein for its distinction and ... The monoclonal antibodies of this invention are antibodies that specifically recognize human Integrin Associated Protein, and ... the invention of these monoclonal antibodies also includes humanized antibodies, human antibodies, chimeric antibodies, single- ... The monoclonal antibodies of this invention can generally be prepared in the following manner. That is, monoclonal antibodies ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US20030211108?dq=oakley+D523,461

A novel monoclonal antibody therapy cuts LDL cholesterol by half in a high-risk patient population,. The Mount Sinai Hospital ... A novel monoclonal antibody therapy cuts LDL cholesterol by half in a high-risk patient population, Peer-Reviewed Publication ... Evinacumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that works through a different mechanism than existing drugs to bring ... "Evinacumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits angiopoietin like protein 3 (ANGPLT3) and lowers LDL cholesterol ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/789323

The results show that ALPS was able to assemble three complete monoclonal antibody sequences of length 216-441 AA, at 100% ... especially for novel proteins such as monoclonal antibodies for which genome information is often limited or not available. ... which for the first time can automatically assemble full-length monoclonal antibody sequences. Our system integrates de novo ... We evaluated ALPS performance on two antibody data sets, each including a heavy chain and a light chain. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep31730?error=cookies_not_supported&code=638230cd-6365-49c0-8493-5281a5cef553

New treatment hope: monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP Hopes are currently being placed in monoclonal antibodies that target ... Migraine prevention: Monoclonal antibodies could become additional therapy option. Published Wednesday 1 June 2016 Published ... "Migraine prevention: Monoclonal antibodies could become additional therapy option." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 1 ... According to studies published to date, the new monoclonal antibody against CGRP, or its receptor, appears to be better ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/310660.php

Monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents for cancer.. Harris M1.. Author information. 1. Murdoch Childrens Research ... Positive results for other antibodies in various stages of clinical development provide hope that anticancer antibodies will ... At the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conference in 2003, data for the antibodies bevacizumab and cetuximab ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15120666?dopt=Abstract

Molecular recognition of lysozyme by monoclonal antibodies.. Smith-Gill SJ1.. Author information. 1. Division of Basic Sciences ... Mutations of either antibody or antigen which lower affinity appear to do so primarily by increasing dissociation rates, and ... Antibody complex formation with HEL is enthalpically driven, and is accompanied by an unfavorable entropy change. ... The current availability of six structurally defined antibody-lysozyme complexes presents excellent opportunities for ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8765305?dopt=Abstract

The monoclonal antibody has a continuous amino acid sequence, and a binding affinity for the P-glycoprotein which manifests in ... A monoclonal antibody that recognises a structurally continuous and extracellularly-located epitope of human P-glycoprotein is ... Surprisingly, compared with the known monoclonal antibodies, the monoclonal antibody MM4.17 has a very high degree of affinity ... are used to screen for the desired monoclonal antibodies.. Monoclonal antibodies may be prepared from the hybridoma cell lines ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5766946?dq=5,870,513

The MD Anderson Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility provides custom monoclonal antibody production and purification to ... The Monoclonal Antibody Facility (MAF) provides newly generated custom monoclonal antibodies and purification from users or ... What Are Monoclonal Antibodies?. By definition, antibodies are proteins (immunoglobulins) secreted by one type of immune cells ... In the early 1970s, the idea of producing in vitro identical antibodies derived from a single B cell (monoclonal) and specific ...

https://www.mdanderson.org/research/research-resources/core-facilities/monoclonal-antibody-core-facility.html

... , Asthma Biologic, Benralizumab, Fasenra, Mepolizumab, Nucala, Reslizumab, Cinqair. ... Asthma Monoclonal Antibody. Asthma Monoclonal Antibody Aka: Asthma Monoclonal Antibody, Asthma Biologic, Benralizumab, Fasenra ... alpha-directed cytolytic Monoclonal Antibody, IgG1 Kappa) * Preparations: Interleukin-5 Antagonist (Monoclonal Antibody, IgG4 ... alpha-directed cytolytic Monoclonal Antibody, IgG1 Kappa) * Preparations: Interleukin-5 Antagonist (Monoclonal Antibody, IgG4 ...

https://fpnotebook.com/Lung/Pharm/AsthmMnclnlAntbdy.htm

... , Asthma Biologic, Benralizumab, Fasenra, Mepolizumab, Nucala, Reslizumab, Cinqair. ... Asthma Monoclonal Antibody. search Asthma Monoclonal Antibody, Asthma Biologic, Benralizumab, Fasenra, Mepolizumab, Nucala, ... Interleukin-5 Antagonist (alpha-directed cytolytic Monoclonal Antibody, IgG1 Kappa) * General. *May be used in age ,=12 years ...

https://fpnotebook.com/mobile/Lung/Pharm/AsthmMnclnlAntbdy.htm

Monoclonal Antibody (mAB) Therapy is a type of immunotherapy. It employs specific antibodies to target cancer cells for removal ... In monoclonal antibody therapy, doctors inject patients with antibodies that bind to the antigens on cancer cells. In this way ... Antibodies are designed to bind to antigens, like fitting two puzzle pieces together. Monoclonal antibodies are large groups of ... A non-radioactive monoclonal antibody. Zevalin. A radioactive mAB with an yttrium-90 radiolabel. Clinical Trial Locator. Follow ...

https://www.lymphomainfo.net/therapy/immunotherapy/mab.html

Monoclonal antibodies are proteins manufactured in the laboratory that can target specific disease cells or antigens. The ... NIST researchers have demonstrated the most precise method yet to measure the structural configuration of monoclonal antibodies ... Mapping monoclonal antibody structure by 2D 13C NMR at natural abundance. Analytical Chemistry, 87: 3556-3561 (2015). DOI: ... The monoclonal antibody used in this experiment is NISTmAb, an immunoglobulin G type 1 donated by MedImmune and being developed ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-04/nios-nd041515.php

... Opportunity, Share and Forecast 2019-2025 - published on openPR.com ... Murine Antibodies. • Chimeric and Humanised Antibodies. • Fully Humanized Antibodies. • Others. Cancer Monoclonal Antibodies ... The global monoclonal antibody market is expected to grow 5.7% over the forecast period. Monoclonal antibody drugs used to ... Global Monoclonal Antibodies Pipeline Analysis The market for monoclonal antibodies (mAB) has become the fastest growing ...

https://www.openpr.com/news/2135354/cancer-monoclonal-antibodies-market-growth-size

... Bryan Kiehl b3748 at cts.com Fri Dec 13 13:35:18 EST 1996 *Previous message: ... Advanced Biotechnology in Maryland sells several HSV antibodies. Im not sure which ones. Their telephone number is (800)426- ...

http://bio.net/hypermail/VIROLOGY/1996-December/006655.html

... including neutralizing antisera for strain typing and monoclonal antibodies. ... Antisera and Monoclonal Antibodies * Human Coxsackievirus A 22 (ATCC® VR-1030AS/MK™) ATCC® Number: VR-1030AS/MK™ Classification ... Mouse monoclonal antibody that binds to domain III of the envelope glycoprotein of dengue virus type 1 was purified from ... Product Format: frozen Each vial of VR-3217 contains approximately 130.0µg of purified monoclonal antibody in PBS. ...

https://atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/Viruses/Antisera_and_Monoclonal_Antibodies.aspx?dsNav=Ro:10

Toward this end, we have produced monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize specific phosphorylation sites within human PR including a basal site at Ser 190 (MAb P190) and a hormoneinduced site at Ser 294 (MAb P294). (psu.edu)
The growing market of biologic drugs, pushed by a flurry of success with monoclonal antibodies, creates a need for standard high-throughput assays to assess the content of mAbs in serum samples. (news-medical.net)
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are produced from a single B cell clone and can bind to a single type of antigen binding site. (news-medical.net)
MAbs are homogenous antibodies that cannot form lattices with monomeric proteins as they can bind to only a single epitope on the antigen. (news-medical.net)
These are known as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). (cancer.org)
Naked mAbs are antibodies that work by themselves. (cancer.org)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) joined to a chemotherapy drug or to a radioactive particle are called conjugated monoclonal antibodies . (cancer.org)
Conjugated mAbs are also sometimes referred to as tagged , labeled , or loaded antibodies. (cancer.org)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) researchers at the Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR) have demonstrated the most precise method yet to measure the structural configuration of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), an important factor in determining the safety and efficacy of these biomolecules as medicines. (eurekalert.org)
According to our report, "Cancer Monoclonal Antibodies Market Forecast to 2017", market for cancer mAbs is anticipated to reach US$ 34 Billion by 2017. (mynewsdesk.com)
The most significant recent advances in the application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to oncology have been the introduction and approval of bevacizumab (Avastin), an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, and of cetuximab (Erbitux), an anti-epidermal growth factor antibody. (nih.gov)
There are currently 17 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) approved by the FDA in the US. (google.co.uk)
The paradigm shift of Inovio's technology is that the DNA for a monoclonal antibody is encoded in a DNA plasmid, delivered directly into cells of the body using electroporation, and the mAbs are "manufactured" by these cells. (cnbc.com)
The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for cancer therapy is one of the major contributions of tumor immunology to advances in treating oncology patients. (uspharmacist.com)
An important discovery in the development of antibodies was a technique for producing mAbs in 1975 by Köhler and Milstein. (uspharmacist.com)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the fastest growing classes of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. (genengnews.com)
At the same time we have observed that RabMAb primary antibodies bind to their target with greater affinity enabling higher signal-to-noise ratio than mouse mAbs at a given concentration of antibody ( 1 ). (abcam.com)
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are designed and made utilizing protein engineering and recombinant production technologies. (synbioproject.org)

To learn more about the nature of these proteins, we raised monoclonal antibodies to mitotic cells. (pnas.org)
Antibodies are proteins normally made by the body's immune system to help fight infections. (cancer.org)
These man-made (synthetic) antibodies act against proteins that attack normal tissues in people with autoimmune disorders. (medicinenet.com)
De novo protein sequencing is one of the key problems in mass spectrometry-based proteomics, especially for novel proteins such as monoclonal antibodies for which genome information is often limited or not available. (nature.com)
Each monoclonal antibody (mAb) sequence is a novel protein that requires de novo sequencing with no resembling proteins (for the variable regions) in the databases. (nature.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are proteins manufactured in the laboratory that can target specific disease cells or antigens (proteins that trigger an immune reaction) for removal from the body. (eurekalert.org)
By definition, antibodies are proteins (immunoglobulins) secreted by one type of immune cells (plasma B cells). (mdanderson.org)
Monoclonal antibodies are proteins with high specificity towards targets. (els.net)
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can be engineered to be more human‐like proteins, to increase their affinity, reduce their immunogenicity and increase their half‐life in the circulation, and can be conjugated with toxin for better lytic effect. (els.net)
Monoclonal antibodies are genetically engineered chimeric murine-human immunoglobulins directed against proteins involved in cell cycle initiation. (medscape.com)
Choose from a list of proteins below to further refine your search results or use the faceting options on the left to select the attributes you want in your antibody. (cellsignal.com)
Your body of the rabbit recognized the international protein and made antibodies - these antibodies were specific to individual proteins. (dailystrength.org)
A hybridoma cell line is disclosed that secretes monoclonal antibodies which serve as a high titer, reproducible, biological reagent useful in biological/medical research for isolating and identifying phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. (google.ca)
1. A monoclonal antibody of the class IgG or IgM, derived from the fusion of a murine myeloma cell and a murine antibody-producing lymphoid cell, demonstrating specific reactivity to a phosphotyrosine moiety on phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. (google.ca)
2. The monoclonal antibody of claim 1 wherein the antibody demonstrates positive detection of antigenic determinants of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins by immunosorbent and electrophoretic assays. (google.ca)
5. The antibody of claim 1 wherein the antibody demonstrates positive reactivity with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins from animal cells. (google.ca)
7. A murine hybridoma cell line characterized by its production of monoclonal antibodies of the class IgG or IgM demonstrating specific reactivity to a a phosphotyrosine moiety on phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. (google.ca)
8. The cell line of claim 7 wherein the antibodies demonstrate positive detection of antigenic determinants of phosphotyrosine containing proteins by immunosorbent and electrophoretic assays. (google.ca)
11. The cell line of claim 7 wherein the antibodies demonstrate positive reactivity with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins from animal cells. (google.ca)
Monoclonal antibodies mimic natural proteins found in the body to specifically and effectively target abnormal cells. (myeloma.org.uk)
Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-made proteins that mimic the immune system's ability to fight off harmful pathogens such as viruses. (fda.gov)
These antibodies were all generated by using human cell produced full length human proteins as immunogens. (origene.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are substances produced in a lab that attach to certain proteins in the body (like a key in a lock). (wellspan.org)
As monoclonals, RabMAb primary antibodies detect a single epitope so are less likely to cross-react with other proteins. (abcam.com)
Acting as the body's army, antibodies are proteins generally found in the blood that detect and destroy invaders, such as viruses and bacteria and their associated toxins. (synbioproject.org)
Monoclonal antibodies target various proteins that influence cell activity such as receptors or other proteins present on the surface of normal and cancer cells. (prospecbio.com)

The application of classical hybridoma technology to the study of human mammary carcinoma resulted in the generation of a variety of monoclonal antibodies that identify several antigens associated with this type of tumor (1-3). (springer.com)
Horan-Hand P., Nuti M., Colcher D., Schlom J.: Definition of antigenic heterogeneity and modulation among human mammary carcinoma cell populations using monoclonal antibodies to tumor associated antigens. (springer.com)
An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system in response to antigens, which are harmful substances. (medicinenet.com)
Polyclonal antibodies are synthesized from different immune cells and the antibodies produced bind to multiple antigens. (medicinenet.com)
The monoclonal antibodies of this invention are antibodies that specifically recognize human Integrin Associated Protein, and the antigens that induce apoptosis of nucleated blood cells having human Integrin Associated Protein. (google.com)
However, while one cell line of the splenic stromal cells has been established (CF-1 cells) and its cytological characteristics have been studied, specific antibodies that recognize the surface antigens of these cells have never been prepared, nor have their characteristics been elucidated yet in any way. (google.com)
Antibodies act as flags to attract disease-fighting molecules by attaching to specific molecules (antigens) on the surface of cancer cells when the antibody binds to an antigen, or as a trigger to promote cancer cell destruction by other immune system processes. (openpr.com)
To understand how this therapy works, you must understand what antigens and antibodies are. (lymphomainfo.net)
Antibodies are designed to bind to antigens, like fitting two puzzle pieces together. (lymphomainfo.net)
In monoclonal antibody therapy, doctors inject patients with antibodies that bind to the antigens on cancer cells. (lymphomainfo.net)
The antibodies will only bind to one type of antigen, and antigens are cell specific. (lymphomainfo.net)
Furthermore, the broad range of nominal antigens that VLRs can specifically bind, and the affinities achieved, indicate a functional parallelism between LRR-based and Ig-based antibodies. (mit.edu)
They are large Protein molecules bright cells.Antibodies made by the immune system in the response to the presence of antigens in the human body. (dailystrength.org)
In a previous study, we showed that antigens secreted by S. schenckii induced a specific humoral response in infected animals, primarily against a 70-kDa molecule, indicating a possible role of specific antibodies against this molecule in infection control. (frontiersin.org)
ViroStat, Inc. is a primary manufacturer of infectious disease antigens and antibodies, supplying researchers and manufacturers since 1985. (labmanager.com)
Immunoglobulin molecules (antibodies) are naturally produced in response to invading foreign particles or antigens to the human body such as bacteria and viruses. (uspharmacist.com)
Antigens can also be part of the host itself, in the case of an autoimmune disease, and upon attacking the body, they are "targeted" by the antibodies. (uspharmacist.com)
Monoclonal Antibodies recognize and bind to antigens in order to discriminate between specific epitopes which provides protection against disease organisms. (prospecbio.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are artificially produced against a specific antigen in order to bind to their target antigens. (prospecbio.com)
Rat/mouse hybrid antibodies can be engineered with binding sites for two different antigens. (wikipedia.org)

The current availability of six structurally defined antibody-lysozyme complexes presents excellent opportunities for comparative studies in order to understand the structural bases of affinity, specificity, and thermodynamic properties, as well as the interrelationships of functional, structural, and energetic epitopes. (nih.gov)
and 2) selection of an antibody with the specificity of said antibody of claim 1. (google.com)
The present invention relates to monoclonal antibodies which have specificity for P-glycoprotein (Pgp). (google.com)
The development by Kohler and Milstein (1) of somatic cell fusion techniques for the production of hybrid cell lines which produce monoclonal antibodies has made it possible to prepare unlimited quantities of homogeneous antibody products which have-defined specificity for single antigenic determinants. (google.com)
Due to its specificity, monoclonal antibodies have the least side effects than other cancer treatments. (openpr.com)
Our primary antibodies have been tested and validated on the lot level by our in-house team of scientists for specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. (cellsignal.com)
A complete characterization of monoclonal antibodies also includes the determination of epitope specificity for a given set of monoclonal antibodies. (innovations-report.com)
The specificity of pairs of antibodies can easily be determined by testing the simultaneous binding to the antigen. (innovations-report.com)
BIA technology (Biomolecular Interaction Analysis) is ideally suited to automatically test panels of monoclonal antibodies and define their epitope specificity pattern. (innovations-report.com)
This report provides you with information about the epitope specificity pattern for your set of monoclonal antibodies i.e. which antibodies bind to the same epitope and which can bind simultaneously because they have different binding sites on the antigen. (innovations-report.com)
These humanized antibodies bind PSCA with high affinity and specificity, and have been shown to reduce human bladder tumor take in a nude mouse model. (google.co.uk)
In comparison to peptide-derived antibodies, TrueMAB™ antibodies provide higher sensitivity and specificity for the recognition of native epitopes appeared on the protein conformational structures. (origene.com)
The specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies allows its binding to cancerous cells by coupling a cytotoxic agent such as a strong radioactive which then seek outs to destroy the cancer cells while not harming the healthy ones. (prospecbio.com)

Canevari S., Fossati G., Balsari A., Sonnino S., Colnaghi M.I.: Immunochemical analysis of the determinant recognized by a monoclonal antibody (MBr1) which specifically binds to human mammary epithelial cells. (springer.com)
In various embodiments, the present invention is drawn to antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that bind to a vertebrate high mobility group box (HMGB) polypeptide, methods of detecting and/or identifying an agent that binds to an HMGB polypeptide, methods of treating a condition in a subject. (google.ca)
The term monoclonal antibody means that the man-made antibody is synthesized from cloned immune cells, and the identical monoclonal antibody produced binds to one type of antigen. (medicinenet.com)
Mouse monoclonal antibody that binds to domain III of the envelope glycoprotein of dengue virus type 1 was purified from hybridoma supernatant by protein G affinity chromatography. (atcc.org)
Upon administration, benralizumab binds to IL-5Ra and elicits an antibody-directed cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) against IL-5Ra-expressing cells. (fpnotebook.com)
Scientists at the Georg-August-University produced different monoclonal antibodies directed against the C3a-Receptor which binds to one of the fragments of activated complement factor C3. (innovations-report.com)
Lilly and Abcellera are still in the clinic, with this antibody and another candidate that binds at a different epitope on the coronavirus Spike protein. (sciencemag.org)
Murine monoclonal antibody 1G8 binds to PSCA with nanomolar affinity, but its efficacy as a therapeutic agent is limited by the generation of a HAMA response. (google.co.uk)
NO:7 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, wherein said humanized antibody binds prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), and wherein administration of said humanized antibody to a subject diagnosed with prostate cancer decreases tumor growth to a greater extent than treatment with the murine 1G8 monoclonal antibody. (google.co.uk)
Important insights from the production and selection of the new antibody include a close fix on where the antibody binds to West Nile virus. (rxpgnews.com)
Antibody target was verified by IP Mass Spectrometry to ensure the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)

Comprehensive analysis of monoclonal antibody therapeutics is no easy task. (nist.gov)
These molecules embody various complex attributes, the characterization of which is a long and arduous process, yet monoclonal antibody therapeutics have taken residence as perhaps one of the most influential therapeutic classes of our time. (nist.gov)
The NISTmAb case study provides a comprehensive overview of monoclonal antibody therapeutics, using the NISTmAb as a vehicle for highlighting the characterization stages of product development. (nist.gov)
Monoclonal antibodies have a clear regulatory path for their approval as therapeutics. (els.net)
With several key blockbuster drugs losing patent protection and an immense rise in the rate of disease incidences, the use of monoclonal antibodies for therapeutics has been on the increase. (frost.com)
The present invention provides antibodies useful as therapeutics for treating and/or preventing diseases associated with cells expressing GT468, including tumor-related diseases such as breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, and hepatocellular cancer. (freepatentsonline.com)
Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics are well established in the pipelines of biopharmaceutical organizations and have decades of development ahead. (genengnews.com)
SEATTLE , Aug. 31, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- VLST Corporation, a Seattle -based biotechnology company focused on the development of therapeutics for cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, today announced an in-licensing agreement with Pfizer Inc. for an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. (prnewswire.com)
They also suggest antibody-based therapeutics may have a broader utility against other infectious diseases. (rxpgnews.com)
Sartorius offers information-rich solutions for development of antibody therapeutics that enable tracking of complex biological processes at unprecedented speed, depth, and scale. (sartorius.com)
Improving Antibody-Based Cancer Therapeutics Through Glycan Engineering" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)

Rituximab is a genetically engineered chimeric murine/human monoclonal antibody (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] kappa) against CD20 antigen on the surface of normal and malignant B cells. (medscape.com)
Monoclonal Anti-Synaptophysin (mouse IgG1 isotype) is derived from the hybridoma produced by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and splenocytes from an immunized mouse. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The most potent growth-inhibitory anti-p185HER2 monoclonal antibody in monolayer culture, designated mumAb 4D5 (a murine IgG1 kappa antibody), was also tested in soft-agar growth assays for activity against p185HER2-overexpressing tumor cell lines of each type, with similar results. (nih.gov)
He said the humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibodies bind selectively to the CD38 receptor and "flag down the immune system. (lww.com)
Most approved monoclonal antibodies are of the IgG1 isotype, where two N-linked biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides are bound to the Fc region. (wikipedia.org)

Colcher D., Horan Hand P., Nuti M., Schlom J.: A spectrum of monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary tumor cells. (springer.com)
Nuti M., Teramoto Y.A., Mariani-Costantini R., Horan Hand P., Colcher D., Schlom J.: A monoclonal antibody (B.72.3) defines patterns of distribution of a novel tumor associated antigen in human mammary carcinoma cell populations. (springer.com)
A murine monoclonal antibody (OC125) has been developed that reacts with each of six epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell lines and with cryopreserved tumor tissue from 12 of 20 ovarian cancer patients. (jci.org)
In the present work we have screened a variety of different tumor cell lines for p185HER2 expression using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent and fluorescence-activated cell sorting assays employing murine monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of the receptor. (nih.gov)
Some monoclonal antibodies directed against the extracellular domain of p185HER2 inhibited growth in monolayer culture of breast and ovarian tumor cell lines overexpressing p185HER2, but had no effect on the growth of colon or gastric adenocarcinomas expressing increased levels of this receptor. (nih.gov)
In order to increase the spectrum of tumor types potentially susceptible to monoclonal antibody-mediated anti-p185HER2 therapies, to decrease potential immunogenicity issues with the use of murine monoclonal antibodies for human therapy, and to provide the potential for antibody-mediated cytotoxic activity, a mouse/human chimeric 4D5 (chmAb 4D5) and a "humanized" 4D5 (rhu)mAb 4D5 HER2 antibody were constructed. (nih.gov)
Currently, Vien manages the daily operations of the Core and generates antibodies for MD Anderson users, some of them designed for use in anti-human tumor clinical trials. (mdanderson.org)
Tumor cells that are able to replicate endlessly are fused with mammalian cells that produce a specific antibody which result in fusion called hybridoma that continuously produce antibodies. (prospecbio.com)
1 of the cells is a producing cell antibody which is a B-Lymphocyte used from a laboratory mouse and the other is a tumor cell named myeloma. (prospecbio.com)
Fusion with a tumor cell to make the hybridoma, result in the production of monoclonal antibodies against the specific virus. (prospecbio.com)

4. The isolated cell of claim 3 , wherein said isolated cell is selected from the group consisting of an immortalized B cell, a hybridoma and a recombinant cell comprising one or more exogenous nucleic acid molecules that encode said antibody or antigen-binding fragment of said antibody. (google.ca)
To date, it's been assumed that 2D NMR could not be practically applied to monoclonal antibodies because it's too insensitive, too time intensive and too expensive for analyzing anything other than much smaller drug molecules," Brinson explains. (eurekalert.org)
Monoclonal antibodies are protein molecules made in the laboratory from hybridoma cells (stable cell lines derived by fusing antibody‐producing cells from immunised animals with cells that confer immortality and high‐yield antibody production) or by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology. (els.net)
The treatments use laboratory-produced molecules to replace, enhance or mimic the body's natural antibodies that fight infection. (thedailybeast.com)
The antibodies, which have demonstrated affinity for a variety of molecules containing o-phosphotyrosine residues, were prepared using a synthetic analog, p-azobenzyl phosphonate (ABP) covalently linked to a carrier protein, as the antigen. (google.ca)
In a recently published article, Inovio demonstrated that a single administration in mice of a highly optimized dMAb ® DNA, which targets HIV, generated antibody molecules in the bloodstream that possessed desirable functional activity including high antigen-binding and HIV-neutralization capabilities against diverse strains of HIV viruses. (cnbc.com)
Using this newly patented approach, Inovio published that a single administration of a highly optimized DNA-based monoclonal antibody targeting HIV virus in mice generated antibody molecules in the bloodstream possessing desirable functional activity including high antigen-binding and HIV-neutralization capabilities against diverse strains of HIV viruses. (cnbc.com)
The P E G RabMAb ELISA kit (ab215546) operates on the basis of competition between the enzyme (HRP) conjugated PEG and PEG labeled molecules for a limited number of binding sites on the surface of 96-wells coated with Anti-PEG rabbit monoclonal antibody. (abcam.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced molecules engineered to enhance or mimic the immune system's attack on cancer cells. (uspharmacist.com)
To mount a successful monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based discovery and development program for cancer, whether developing therapeutic antibodies or antibody drug conjugates, you need technologies that allow rapid identification and characterization of candidate molecules to identify those with superior target reactivity and optimized functionality. (sartorius.com)
Currently have been approved a large amount of monoclonal antibodies and several number of molecules are undergoing clinical evaluation. (medigraphic.com)

2. What will be the CAGR of Cancer Monoclonal Antibodies Market during the forecast period (2019-2025)? (openpr.com)

The use of monoclonal antibodies to treat diseases is called immunotherapy therapy because each type of monoclonal antibody will target a specific targeted antigen in the body. (medicinenet.com)
Each type of monoclonal antibody has its own side effect profile and may or may not cause some of the side effects listed here. (medicinenet.com)
A type of monoclonal antibody used in cancer detection or therapy. (medindia.net)

Of these, dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the actions of both IL-4 and IL-13, has shown the greatest promise. (medscape.com)
Evinacumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that works through a different mechanism than existing drugs to bring dangerously high cholesterol to normal levels when combined with maximally-tolerated lipid-lowering therapies in people with familial hypercholesterolemia, a common inherited condition that is difficult to treat. (eurekalert.org)
Evinacumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits angiopoietin like protein 3 (ANGPLT3) and lowers LDL cholesterol through an LDL receptor independent pathway. (eurekalert.org)

NEW YORK-The best treatment for young, fit, transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma patients is three, not four drugs, but the incorporation of new monoclonal antibodies into four-drug regimens has myeloma experts talking about a potential cure, according to experts at the Lymphoma & Myeloma International Conference here. (lww.com)
The introduction of CD38-targeting monoclonal antibodies (CD38 MoABs), daratumumab and isatuximab, has significantly impacted the management of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Outcomes of patients with MM refractory to CD38 MoABs have not been described. (nature.com)
SAN FRANCISCO-Are anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies the next blockbusters in treating multiple myeloma? (lww.com)
I think these CD38 antibodies are the new blockbuster drugs for multiple myeloma," said Thomas G. Martin III, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine in the Adult Leukemia and Bone Marrow Transplantation Program and Associate Director of the Myeloma Program at the University of California, San Francisco. (lww.com)
Martin explained that there are currently three anti-CD38 antibodies under investigation for multiple myeloma-daratumumab, SAR650984, and MOR202. (lww.com)

Only mitotic cells exhibited the protein bands that were recognized by the antibodies. (pnas.org)
Man-made versions, called monoclonal antibodies , can be designed to attack a specific target, such as a protein on the surface of lymphoma cells. (cancer.org)
This antibody attaches to a protein called CD20 on the surface of some types of lymphoma cells, which seems to cause the cells to die. (cancer.org)
An antibody is a protein that sticks to a specific protein called an antigen . (cancer.org)
For example, trastuzumab (Herceptin ® ) is an antibody against the HER2 protein. (cancer.org)
Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla ® , also called TDM-1) , an antibody that targets the HER2 protein, attached to a chemo drug called DM1. (cancer.org)
Yes, you will get antibodies to the protein as well, but you need to make sure your screening assays are specific for the peptide, you should be okay. (bio.net)
The portion of a protein antigenic determinant that is recognised by and reacts with an antibody is known, and referred to herein, as the epitope and consists of one or more specific epitope-forming amino acid sequences. (google.com)
1 . A monoclonal antibody that induces apoptosis of nucleated blood cells having Integrin Associated Protein (IAP). (google.com)
2 . A fragment, a peptide or a low molecular compound of a monoclonal antibody that induces apoptosis of nucleated blood cells having Integrin Associated Protein (IAP). (google.com)
This invention relates to novel monoclonal antibodies having the property of inducing apoptosis of nucleated blood cells with Integrin Associated Protein (IAP) as well as fragments of such monclonal antibodies, peptides or low molecular weight compounds, and to hybridoma that produce the monoclonal antibodies. (google.com)
A method of preparing high purity procoagulant protein comprising the steps of (a) adsorbing a VIII:C/VIII:RP complex from a plasma or commercial concentrate source of factor VIII onto agarose beads bound to a monoclonal antibody specific to VIII:RP, (b) eluting VIII:C with a salt solution, (c) adsorbing. (google.de)
15. In a method for purifying Factor VIII procoagulant activity protein from plasma or concentrate, the improvement comprising the step of passing said plasma or concentrate through a chromatographic type column having adsorbent to which is bound monoclonal antibodies which is specific to VIII:RP and eluting the VIII-C therefrom. (google.de)
Anti-MBP Monoclonal Antibody (HRP-conjugated) is a murine anti-maltose binding protein antibody, isotype IgG2a, that is covalently linked to horseradish peroxidase. (neb.com)
Anti-MBP Monoclonal Antibody (HRP conjugated) is a murine anti-maltose binding protein antibody, isotype IgG2a. (neb.com)
The graph shows the binding of an RGS-His fusion protein to immobilised antibodies against a tetra-His, a penta-His and an RGS-His epitope. (innovations-report.com)
All antibodies recognize the epitope but only the anti-RGS-His antibody shows no dissociation when bound to the RGS-fusion protein after an association time of 450 seconds. (innovations-report.com)
Casirivimab and imdevimab are monoclonal antibodies that are specifically directed against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, designed to block the virus' attachment and entry into human cells. (fda.gov)
Protein products range from the relatively simple - hormones, for example - to the highly complex - such as some monoclonal antibodies. (fenwick.com)
Although monoclonal antibodies are protein products, not all protein products are antibodies. (fenwick.com)
And while there is a special USPTO policy with regard to monoclonal antibodies (discussed below), there is no similar special policy for the entirety of protein products. (fenwick.com)
Positive Controls for WB Available - A positive control is available at nomimal cost for Every TrueMAB™ antibody if applicable, which is the HEK293 over-expression lysate of the target protein. (origene.com)
She is currently performing mice immunization, antibody purification with Protein A, Protein G, and affinity purification with FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography). (mdanderson.org)
The benefit of this is that RabMAb primary antibodies typically provide more specific and sensitive detection of their target protein with low background. (abcam.com)
The presence of a large amount of a specific monoclonal antibody in the blood means that there is an abnormal protein. (prospecbio.com)
An antibody is a protein that is produced in B cells and used by the immune system of humans and other vertebrate animals to identify a specific foreign object like a bacterium or a virus. (wikipedia.org)

A schematic showing the NISTmAb monoclonal antibody, an immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecule being developed by NIST as a reference material. (eurekalert.org)
An antibody can be an immunoglobulin made by some sort of white body mobile, which will be called a lcd cell. (dailystrength.org)

Monoclonal antibodies may make four drugs into R-CHOP for myeloma," Palumbo said, referring to the combination of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab along with cytotoxic therapies, which revolutionized the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. (lww.com)
The infusion center administers monoclonal antibody therapies authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under an emergency use authorization (EUA). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Authorizing these monoclonal antibody therapies may help outpatients avoid hospitalization and alleviate the burden on our health care system," said FDA Commissioner Stephen M. Hahn, M.D. "As part of our Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program, the FDA uses every possible pathway to make new treatments available to patients as quickly as possible while continuing to study the safety and effectiveness of these treatments. (fda.gov)
Synthetic Biologics, Inc., a developer of synthetic biologics and innovative medicines for unmet medical needs, and Intrexon Corporation (Intrexon), a synthetic biology company that utilizes its proprietary technologies to provide control over cellular function, entered into a second worldwide exclusive channel collaboration through which Synthetic Biologics intends to develop and commercialize a series of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the treatment of certain infectious diseases not adequately addressed by existing therapies. (synbioproject.org)

Monoclonal antibodies can mediate antibody‐mediated cytotoxicity by linking the target cells to cytotoxic cells through their binding sites and Fc sites. (els.net)
Interestingly, H3v-47 also engages Fcγ receptor and mediates antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (rcsb.org)
When antibodies are afucosylated, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is increased. (wikipedia.org)

A product comprising at least two ligands for sequential use in therapy or diagnosis, wherein each ligand includes a monoclonal antibody antigen binding site which is functionally equivalent (as regards antigen binding) to the antigen binding site of each of the other ligand(s), and each ligand has a distinct idiotype. (epo.org)
Post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies that includes a monoclonal antibody should provide a more affordable, safer alternative to prevent the disease, which is a world-wide public health problem impacting 10 million people a year and resulting in some 55,000 deaths. (umassmed.edu)

In this article we will give an overview of monoclonal antibody patenting, briefly review the Janssen case, discuss the 'antibody exception,' and then provide some possible strategic directions for antibody patenting going forward, focusing on the critical issue of the interplay between the post-Janssen antibody exception and the recently enacted America Invents Act. (fenwick.com)

After cloning by limiting dilution, three hybridoma lines secreting antiestrophilin were expanded in suspension culture and as ascites tumors in athymic mice to provide substantial quantities of monoclonal antibodies that recognize mammalian but not avian estrophilin and that show different degrees of reactivity with receptor from nonprimate sources. (pnas.org)
The hybridoma cells are placed into media that can help them grow and produce the bulk quantities of monoclonal antibodies. (prospecbio.com)

An authoritative team of investigators brings together a series of concise and proven methods used in their laboratories and laboratories around the world, which can be used by both basic scientists working in the field of cell and molecular biology as well as clinical researchers interested in the clinical application of monoclonal antibodies. (waterstones.com)

Current major therapeutic applications of monoclonal antibodies include cancer, chronic inflammatory disease, and infection and they constitute the largest and fastest growing sector of the biological pharmaceutical industry. (els.net)
Monoclonal Antibodies: A Practical Approach covers the preparation, testing, derivation, and applications of monoclonal antibodies. (waterstones.com)
The applications of monoclonal antibodies in immunoblotting, enzyme linked immunoassays, immunofluorescence, and FACS analysis are all covered in detail. (waterstones.com)

In light of the aforementioned findings relating to splenic stromal cells and the results of prior research, the present inventors have earnestly made further research aiming at developing specific antibodies that can recognize the splenic stromal cells, made efforts to prepare monoclonal antibodies using the aforementioned splenic stromal cell line as a sensitizing antigen, and finally succeeded in obtaining novel monoclonal antibodies. (google.com)
It employs specific antibodies to target cancer cells for removal from the body. (lymphomainfo.net)
Laboratroy produced Hybridoma cells replicate much faster than normal antibody producing cells, and the individual hybridomas produce the specific antibodies for an indefinite period of time. (prospecbio.com)

Functional epitopes, defined by immunoassays, are generally only a subset of the structural epitope, the 14-17 amino acid residues which contact antibody in the X-ray structure of the complex. (nih.gov)
A monoclonal antibody that recognises a structurally continuous and extracellularly-located epitope of human P-glycoprotein is described. (google.com)
1. A monoclonal antibody that recognizes a structurally continuous and extracellularly-located epitope of human P-glycoprotein consisting of a continuous amino acid sequence, and which has a binding affinity for P-glycoprotein such that it is capable of staining greater than 90% of live CEM-VBL10 cells when tested in a flow cytometry experiment. (google.com)
More particularly, the invention relates to monoclonal antibodies to an extracellular epitope of human Pgp and to their preparation and diagnostic and clinical uses. (google.com)
Each antibody has a unique "paratope" that may tag the precise "epitope" on the antigen. (dailystrength.org)
The binding of an antibody to the antigen defines a specific binding site or epitope which sterically interferes with the binding of another antibody which has the same or a closely located binding site. (innovations-report.com)
Our antibody service "eitope mapping" includes the generation of working plans for the experimental setup, the performance of the epitope mapping analysis on a Biacore instrument and the complete evaluation of the results documented in a written report with figures. (innovations-report.com)
The part of an antigen that interacts with antibodies is called the epitope . (uspharmacist.com)
Hybridomas secrete only one antibody type, effectively ensuring a long-term supply of antibodies that are selective for a single epitope (also known as monoclonals ). (uspharmacist.com)
Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity since they bind to the same epitope. (uspharmacist.com)
The crystal structure and electron microscopy reconstruction of H3v-47 Fab with the H3N2v hemagglutinin (HA) identify a unique epitope spanning the vestigial esterase and receptor-binding subdomains that is distinct from that of any known neutralizing antibody for influenza A H3 viruses. (rcsb.org)

Also, the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody isatuximab has been added to bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone. (lww.com)

These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Asthma Monoclonal Antibody. (fpnotebook.com)

TrueMAB™ are OriGene developed and branded mouse monoclonal antibodies. (origene.com)

Antibodies have worked very well with drugs like rituximab in lymphoma, but in myeloma we're 10 years behind. (lww.com)

The two antibodies, designated MPM-1 and MPM-2, recognize a family of polypeptides with apparent molecular masses of 0.40 to greater than 200 kilodaltons (kDa). (pnas.org)
Accordingly, they are useful as antibodies that recognize human Integrin. (google.com)
Normally, during an attack, the immune system will generate a large group of antibodies that recognize several epitopes of a particular antigen. (uspharmacist.com)
The big surprise for us was that all of the potently neutralizing antibodies appear to recognize the same general region of this domain. (rxpgnews.com)

4. Which manufacturer/vendor/players in the Cancer Monoclonal Antibodies Market was the market leader in 2018? (openpr.com)
Researchmoz added Most up-to-date research on "Global Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibodies Market Research Report 2018" to its huge collection of research reports. (openpr.com)
Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibodies Market Research 2018 Recently published a detailed market study on the "Biosimilar Monoclonal Antibodies Market" across the global and united states, regional and cou. (openpr.com)

The NIST monoclonal antibody reference material is, quite possibly, the most widely characterized publicly available monoclonal antibody, a molecule directly relevant to the biopharmaceutical industry. (nist.gov)
By attaching a radionuclide (radioactive molecule) to the antibody, small amounts of radiation can be applied directly to tumors. (lymphomainfo.net)
As mentioned above, an antibody attaches itself to a specific molecule (antigen) on the surface of a problematic cell. (uspharmacist.com)
Monoclonal Antibodies are far more effective than conventional drugs since drugs attack the foreign substance & the body's own cells that cause harsh side effects & the monoclonal antibody only targets the foreign antigen/target molecule, without or only minor side effects. (prospecbio.com)

To make a monoclonal antibody, researchers first have to identify the right antigen to attack. (cancer.org)
We have a bit of human clinical data from the Eli Lilly/Abcellera collaboration to make a monoclonal antibody therapy against the coronavirus. (sciencemag.org)

Carolina Workshop on 'Production of Monoclonal Antibodies' University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill June 16 -- 21, 1996 Lectures and laboratory exercises will cover the production, identification, and isolation of monoclonal antibodies employing the standard Kohler and Milstein polyethylene glycol induced methodology. (bio.net)
Laboratory production of monoclonal antibodies is produced from clones of only 1 cell which means that every monoclonal antibody produced by the cell is the same. (prospecbio.com)
The source of abnormal production of monoclonal antibody is a small population of plasma cells in the bone marrow. (prospecbio.com)

By growing the clone from Sp2/0 in the presence of [35S]methionine, radiolabeled monoclonal IgG has been prepared. (pnas.org)
When such a procedure starts, It trigger the N lymphocytes to reproduce it self style a clone that manufactures a huge quantity of its antibody. (dailystrength.org)
Monoclonals are a class of antibodies with identical offspring of a hybridoma and are very specific for a particular location in the body derived from a single clone and can be grown indefinitely. (prospecbio.com)

The antibodies can boost your body's natural defenses against disease or can be used to kill cancer cells or slow the progress of a disease. (wellspan.org)

As of October 2020, drug companies Regeneron and Eli Lilly were conducting clinical trials on two monoclonal antibody therapy cocktails for bridge treatment of the coronavirus disease COVID-19 . (medicinenet.com)
Early results are promising, but there is far from enough data to show whether monoclonal antibody therapy is broadly useful against the SARS -CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 . (medicinenet.com)
Monoclonal antibodies have multiple utilities in therapy as they can recognise specific structures in targets such as bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, etc. (els.net)
AIDS Clinical Trials Group (1997) MSL‐109 adjuvant therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: the monoclonal antibody cytomegalovirus retinitis trial. (els.net)
Monoclonal Antibody (mAB) Therapy is a type of immunotherapy . (lymphomainfo.net)
For one, these data (although promising in some ways) are not so promising in others, particularly that lack of dose-response, the fuzziness of the readout on overall efficacy, and in the possibility of resistant mutations with the single-antibody therapy. (sciencemag.org)
Monoclonal Antibody - Mediated Chemotherapy , Monoclonal Antibody Immunoconjugate Therapy , Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor From Related Chapters II. (tripdatabase.com)
Nonetheless, after she fell ill with COVID last month, Ruppert, a Florida preschool teacher, found herself desperate to try an experimental product that promised to ease her symptoms: infusion with a potent laboratory-produced treatment known as monoclonal antibody therapy. (thedailybeast.com)
Together, they have opened dozens of state-sponsored sites where monoclonal antibody therapy is offered, holding regular news conferences to endorse the potentially lifesaving benefits, while continuing to resist wider public health measures such as mask mandates and vaccine passports. (thedailybeast.com)
The sudden spotlight on the antibody treatments has whipsawed some public health experts, who have struggled for months to create and sustain sites capable of offering the therapy. (thedailybeast.com)
The future of four-drug regimens has brightened with the introduction of monoclonal antibodies in myeloma therapy, he continued. (lww.com)
Monoclonal antibody therapy helps prevent hospitalization or worsening of symptoms in certain patients with COVID-19, but it may not be appropriate for everyone. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In addition, the anti-HER2/neu antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin), in combination with standard adjuvant chemotherapy, has been shown to reduce relapses and prolong disease-free and overall survival in high-risk patients after definitive local therapy for breast cancer. (nih.gov)
Monoclonal antibodies have been applied clinically to the diagnosis and therapy of an array of human disorders, including cancer and infectious diseases, and have been used for the modulation of immune responses. (sciencemag.org)
Effective therapy using unmodified monoclonal antibodies has, however, been elusive. (sciencemag.org)
Recently, monoclonal antibody-mediated therapy has been revolutionized by advances such as the definition of cell-surface structures on abnormal cells as targets for effective monoclonal antibody action, genetic engineering to create less immunogenic and more effective monoclonal antibodies, and the arming of such antibodies with toxins or radionuclides to enhance their effector function. (sciencemag.org)
To our knowledge, these experiments are the first successful demonstration of the use of a humanized antibody as a post-exposure therapy against a viral disease," says senior investigator Michael Diamond, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of molecular microbiology, pathology and immunology and of medicine. (rxpgnews.com)
Since this cytotoxic activity is independent of sensitivity to mumAb 4D5, the engineered monoclonal antibodies expand the potential target population for antibody-mediated therapy of human cancers characterized by the overexpression of p185HER2. (nih.gov)
Monoclonal antibodies (MCAs) are now widely used for cancer therapy. (findaphd.com)

Bamlanivimab received emergency authorization as monotherapy in November, as did another combination of monoclonal antibodies from Regeneron, casirivimab and imdevimab . (medscape.com)
Monoclonal antibodies, such as casirivimab and imdevimab, may be associated with worse clinical outcomes when administered to hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring high flow oxygen or mechanical ventilation. (fda.gov)

Anti-isotype antibodies had no neutralizing capacity. (epo.org)

To generate high quality non-commercial available monoclonal antibodies for specific applications (including basic and translational research or for therapeutic purposes) by providing expert advise and quality service on project design, discussing the proper approach, while saving time and money for researchers in a timely manner. (mdanderson.org)

This causes the immune cells of the mice to produce the desired human antibody. (medicinenet.com)
c) humanised antibody (murine complementarity‐determining regions on a human framework) and (d) completely human antibody. (els.net)
The human immune system would clear out these foreign antibodies quickly, so when they had identified a potent antibody, scientists at Macrogenics clipped out the genetic material that controls the antibody's targeting and cloned it into a human antibody. (rxpgnews.com)

Mutations of either antibody or antigen which lower affinity appear to do so primarily by increasing dissociation rates, and also appear to be accompanied by entropy/enthalpy compensation. (nih.gov)
We cloned VLRB binders of lysozyme, β-gal, cholera toxin subunit B, R-phycoerythrin, and B-trisaccharide antigen, with dissociation constants up to the single-digit picomolar range, equivalent to those of high-affinity IgG antibodies. (mit.edu)
Specialties include high affinity antibodies to Flu A, Flu B, RSV, & Strep A for use in rapid lateral flow devices as well as antibodies to food-borne pathogens and toxins. (labmanager.com)

Serum from a Lewis rat immunized with this partially purified estradiol-receptor complex contained antiestrophilin antibodies that reacted not only with nuclear and extranuclear estradiol-receptor complexes from MCF-7 cells but also with estrophilin from rat, calf, and monkey uterus, hen oviduct, and human breast cancers. (pnas.org)
In these conditions the monoclonal antibody targets and interferes with the action of a chemical or receptor that is involved in the development of the condition that is being treated. (medicinenet.com)
For example, a monoclonal antibody used for treating cancer may block a receptor that cancer cells use for preventing the immune system from the destroying the cancer cell. (medicinenet.com)
An afucosylated, humanized monoclonal antibody against the alpha chain of the interleukin-5 receptor (IL-5Ra), with potential anti-asthmatic activity. (fpnotebook.com)

One way the immune system attacks foreign substances in the body is by making large numbers of antibodies. (cancer.org)
Antibodies are naturally produced by the immune system. (medicinenet.com)
However, scientists can produce antibodies in the lab that mimic the action of the immune system. (medicinenet.com)
Serious infections are more likely to occur when monoclonal antibodies are combined with other drugs that suppress the immune system (for example, steroids). (medicinenet.com)
Monoclonal antibody drugs used to treat cancer are involved in the functioning of the natural immune system to fight cancer. (openpr.com)
One key issue with regard to the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies has been the response of the human immune system to xenogeneic antibodies. (google.co.uk)
A major element in the immune system is the work of antibodies. (uspharmacist.com)
The "humanized" antibody should be less likely to induce an adverse human immune system response. (rxpgnews.com)
Antibodies typically work by attaching to a piece of a foreign cell or substance, which causes immune system cells known as macrophages to pick up the substance and clear it from the body. (rxpgnews.com)
In persons wounded by a suspected rabid animal, the vaccine works to stimulate the immune system to fight the rabies virus, while the rabies immune globulin provides immediate protection with neutralizing antibodies before the immune system begins making its own antibodies. (umassmed.edu)
These non-human antibodies are recognized as foreign by the human immune system and may be rapidly cleared from the body, provoke an allergic reaction, or both. (wikipedia.org)
For example, human antibodies targeting the immune system receive names ending in -lumab instead of the old -limumab. (wikipedia.org)

Monoclonal reagents with selected specificities are therefore available in increasing number, and their potential for applications in the diagnosis and characterization of breast cancer is under investigation. (springer.com)
Mènard S., Tagliabue E., Canevari S., Fossati G., Colnaghi M.I.: Generation of monoclonal antibodies reacting with normal and cancer cells of human breast. (springer.com)
The growing trend of implementing immunotherapy into oncology has resulted in various new therapeutic cancer treatments utilizing antibodies. (news-medical.net)
Researchers can design antibodies that specifically target a certain antigen, such as one found on cancer cells. (cancer.org)
Monoclonal antibodies are used to treat many diseases, including some types of cancer. (cancer.org)
Different types of monoclonal antibodies are used in cancer treatment. (cancer.org)
Monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents for cancer. (nih.gov)
At the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conference in 2003, data for the antibodies bevacizumab and cetuximab highlighted promising results in clinical trials, including an improvement in survival for metastatic colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
Monoclonal antibodies can be used as extremely specific therapeutic agents, including ones designed to target cancer cells unique to an individual. (eurekalert.org)
Cancer monoclonal antibodies can be used in combination with other cancer treatments. (openpr.com)
Ferrara N, Hillan KJ, Gerber HP and Novotny W (2004) Discovery and development of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody for treating cancer. (els.net)
It is important to remember that an antibody designed to mark a certain type of cell - a B-cell, let's say - will not work on a T-cell cancer. (lymphomainfo.net)
Since the antibodies will automatically bind the cancer cells, the radiation is delivered to tumors and the damage to healthy cells is minimized. (lymphomainfo.net)
The past few years have witnessed the emergence of monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic modality for cancer. (mynewsdesk.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are designed to selectively target cancer cells and elicit various responses thereby obliquely protecting the non cancerous cells. (mynewsdesk.com)
It introduces the client to the monoclonal antibody technology, with profiles of each cancer mAb including their mechanism of action. (mynewsdesk.com)
The present invention provides humanized antibodies for use in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer with minimal HAMA response. (google.co.uk)
Monoclonal antibodies are laboratory-produced substances that can locate and bind to cancer cells. (medindia.net)
Monoclonal antibodies can be used alone or to carry drugs and radioactive or toxic substances directly to cancer cells. (uspharmacist.com)
Monoclonal antibodies that are used as drugs assist the natural immune system's function in fighting cancer. (uspharmacist.com)
Other monoclonal antibodies are currently in development or use as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory treatments. (rxpgnews.com)
Generation and characterization of the first inhibitory antibody targeting tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase XII," Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy , vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 649-658, 2011. (hindawi.com)
The antibodies can be used alone, or they can be used to deliver medicine or radiation directly to cancer cells to treat diseases such as leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (wellspan.org)
ADCC is important in the efficacy of cancer antibodies, but with many approved cancer antibodies there is less ADCC than could be desired due to nonspecific IgG competing with the drugs for binding to FcγIIIa on natural killer cells. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, the human/mouse chimeric antibody basiliximab ends in -ximab just as does the human/macaque antibody gomiliximab. (wikipedia.org)
mul-, for example, is never reduced to -mu- because no chimeric or humanized antibodies targeting the musculoskeletal system ever received an INN. (wikipedia.org)

Therapeutic antibodies have recently emerged as one of the most successful immunotherapy strategies for the treatment of both hematologic cancers and solid tumors. (sartorius.com)

Monoclonal antibodies can be derived from B‐cells from immunised animals, humans with autoimmune diseases and de novo by phage display. (els.net)
Kim said the idea is good antibodies will help prevent serious diseases, like vaccines, but points to the number of people not vaccinated. (abcactionnews.com)
In addition, the antibodies have potential uses in diagnosis of a variety of diseases, including certain cancers. (google.ca)
Inovio's transformational approach could be applied to develop active monoclonal antibody products against multiple therapeutically important diseases including cancers as well as inflammatory and infectious diseases. (cnbc.com)
Combined with favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics and cost structure compared to conventional monoclonal antibody technology, Inovio's active in-body generation of functional monoclonal antibodies in humans has the potential to significantly expand the range of targetable diseases. (cnbc.com)
Monoclonal antibodies are a successful therapeutic choice for a wide range of diseases, including hematological malignancies. (medigraphic.com)
monoclonal antibodies, hematological diseases. (medigraphic.com)

However, although the entire surface of HEL is potentially antigenic, the mature immune response appears to be dominated by three functionally nonoverlapping antigenic regions, defined operationally by antibody complementation assays. (nih.gov)
Each participant will perform a murine fusion, and will utilize antibody capture ELISA assays, dot blots, electrophoresis and Western blotting, as well as methods for detecting cell surface antigen-specific antibody. (bio.net)
vii) carrying out screening assays with antigen selected from cross-linked fibrin derivative or extract containing same or fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product so as to isolate hybridoma cells which produce a monoclonal antibody having the essential characteristic of reactivity with D-dimer and other cross-linked fibrin derivatives and non-reactivity with fibrinogen or fibrinogen degradation products inclusive of fragment D and fragment E. (epo.org)

The production of stable hybrid cell lines that secrete human monoclonal antibodies against bacterial toxins by fusing post-immunization human peripheral blood lymphocytes with nonsecretor mouse myeloma cells is described. (freepatentsonline.com)

Hybridoma cells manufacture the specific monoclonal antibody that was originally produced by the B-Lymphocyte cell. (prospecbio.com)

The monoclonal antibodies for the COVID-19 pandemic coronavirus may soon reach the market late in 2020 under emergency use authorization from the FDA, according to the magazine Science , but the manufacturers were still in talks with the agency about this matter as of this update. (medicinenet.com)
As part of our Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program, the FDA uses every resource at our disposal to make treatments such as these monoclonal antibodies available while continuing to study their safety and effectiveness. (medscape.com)
It's worth noting that the press release mentions that coronavirus mutations that would lead to resistance against this single antibody were seen in about 6% of the controls and 8% of the treated patients, which is reason enough to think that the combination could be a better idea. (sciencemag.org)

This is an anti-CD30 antibody attached to a chemotherapy drug. (cancer.org)
Finally protocols are given for the use of monoclonal antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis, tissue typing, detecting DNA modified during chemotherapy, and in the clinical analysis of transplantation samples for malignancy. (waterstones.com)

Brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris ® ) , an antibody that targets the CD30 antigen (found on lymphocytes), attached to a chemo drug called MMAE . (cancer.org)

The B cells have antibody-production capability, while the myeloma cells enable hybridomas to divide indefinitely and grow well in culture. (uspharmacist.com)
Fusion of cell culture myeloma cells with mammalian spleen cells antibodies result in hybrid cells/hybridomas which produces large amounts of monoclonal antibody. (prospecbio.com)

Western blot assay carried out using monospecific antibodies produced in the supernatant of a cell line obtained by fusing a lymphocyte B to a myeloma cell line or selected by phage display technology. (ebi.ac.uk)
These antibodies function in ELISA and western blot with both the Zaire and Sudan antigen sequences. (labmanager.com)

Listen to Abveris's Chief Operating Officer Tracey Mullen review how advanced flow cytometry is utilized to accelerate an antibody discovery campaign at Abveris targeting a glycoprotein for induction of apoptosis. (sartorius.com)

A: C-myc - IHC on FFPE human colonic adenocarcinoma using anti-c-Myc RabMAb primary antibody (ab32072). (abcam.com)
B: AMPK alpha 1 (phospho S496) - IF on HeLa cells using anti-Phospho-AMPK alpha 1 (pS496) RabMAb primary antibody (ab92701). (abcam.com)
A: MCM2 - WB on (1) MCF-7, (2) Ramos, (3) SW480, (4) Molt-4, (5) Jurkat, and (6) HeLa cell lysates using anti-MCM2 RabMAb primary antibody (ab108935). (abcam.com)
B: Histone H3 (phospho S10) - IF on HeLa using anti-Histone H3 (phospho S10) RabMAb primary antibody (ab32107). (abcam.com)
A: CD38 - FACS on HuT-78 cells using anti-CD38 RabMAb primary antibody (red) (ab108403) and a rabbit IgG (negative) (green). (abcam.com)
B: Ki67 (Alexa Fluor® 488) - IF on HeLa cells using anti-Ki67 RabMAb primary antibody (ab154201). (abcam.com)

For serum antibody detection , three widely known ELISA setups with their common advantages and disadvantages are listed in the table below. (news-medical.net)

Treatment with this type of antibody is sometimes known as radioimmunotherapy (RIT). (cancer.org)
1998) Double‐blind randomised controlled trial of monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor in treatment of septic shock. (els.net)
U.S. pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly is collaborating with the National Institutes of Health on a lab-engineered treatment called monoclonal antibodies to stop the virus from spreading in the body. (cbsnews.com)
The data supporting this emergency authorization add to emerging evidence that points to the clinical utility of neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19 in certain patients," Patrizia Cavazzoni, MD, acting director of the FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, said in the release. (medscape.com)
This EUA announcement February 9 gives clinicians additional monoclonal antibody treatment options. (medscape.com)
Further analysis showed that the antibody treatment also lowered it at Day 3 (by an unspecified amount) and lowered the number of patients with persistently high virus at later time points (although we don't know how many people were in that category). (sciencemag.org)
The Regeneron clinic at a monoclonal antibody treatment site in Pembroke Pines, Florida. (thedailybeast.com)
Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said monoclonal antibody treatment is for anyone with "a better-than-average risk" who tests positive early on in the infection. (thedailybeast.com)
Hospitals and infusion centers also charge for the time and resource-intensive administration of monoclonal antibody treatment. (thedailybeast.com)
These characteristics make the humanized antibodies of the present invention attractive agents for the treatment and detection of tumors expressing PSCA. (google.co.uk)
The document addresses the indications for interleukin-17A (IL-17A) monoclonal antibody drugs used in the treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis, moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, or active psoriatic arthritis. (unicare.com)
If further studies confirm the effectiveness and safety of the antibody, it could become one of the first monoclonal antibodies used as a treatment for an infectious disease. (rxpgnews.com)
An antibody against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is approved for use as a prophylactic treatment in children at risk of the disease in hospitals. (rxpgnews.com)
b) In order to overcome the said problem, two suggestions were made in (1), one being the treatment of the patient with a combination of the monoclonal antibody with immunosuppressants, the other one being the use of a second monoclonal antibody with a different idiotype. (epo.org)

2. A monoclonal antibody of claim 1 in which the said amino acid sequence is located on the fourth extracellular loop of human P-glycoprotein. (google.com)
9. A method of claim 8 in which a peptide corresponding to a structurally continuous extracellular domain of human P-glycoprotein or a part thereof is used to screen for the desired monoclonal antibody. (google.com)

A number of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are now under investigation in clinical trials to assess their potential role in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). (mdpi.com)
While there, he participated in the generation of the anti-IgE program that produced prototype antibody candidates used in clinical trials of allergic pathologies. (mdanderson.org)

Anatomy23

Organisms15

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment55

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science3

Health Care5

JNK2 is required for efficient T-cell activation and apoptosis but not for normal lymphocyte development. (1/44698)

Role of alphavbeta3 integrin in the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. (2/44698)

Adenoviral gene transfer into the normal and injured spinal cord: enhanced transgene stability by combined administration of temperature-sensitive virus and transient immune blockade. (3/44698)

Role of antibodies against Bordetella pertussis virulence factors in adherence of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis to human bronchial epithelial cells. (4/44698)

Linear peptide specificity of bovine antibody responses to p67 of Theileria parva and sequence diversity of sporozoite-neutralizing epitopes: implications for a vaccine. (5/44698)

Functional activities and epitope specificity of human and murine antibodies against the class 4 outer membrane protein (Rmp) of Neisseria meningitidis. (6/44698)

Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite pellicle antigen recognized by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody is a beta-mannosylated glycolipid. (7/44698)

Salivary mucin MG1 is comprised almost entirely of different glycosylated forms of the MUC5B gene product. (8/44698)

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Antibodies

Antibody Specificity

Antibodies, Viral

Antibodies, Bacterial

Antibodies, Neutralizing

Epitopes

Antibody Formation

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Antibody Affinity

Binding Sites, Antibody

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic

Cross Reactions

Antibodies, Neoplasm

Hybridomas

Mice, Inbred BALB C

HIV Antibodies

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

Neutralization Tests

Molecular Sequence Data

Antibodies, Protozoan

Immunoglobulin M

Antibodies, Antinuclear

Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments

Amino Acid Sequence

Antigen-Antibody Reactions

Epitope Mapping

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antigens, Surface

Autoantibodies

Antibodies, Fungal

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Cell Line

Molecular Weight

Antigens, Neoplasm

Rabbits

Single-Chain Antibodies

Antibodies, Blocking

Immunohistochemistry

Immunization, Passive

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Antigens, Bacterial

Antibodies, Bispecific

Antigens

Blotting, Western

Recombinant Proteins

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived

Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect

Antigens, Viral

Antibodies, Heterophile

Immune Sera

Radioimmunoassay

Immunoglobulin A

Immunoglobulin Idiotypes

Immunoassay

B-Lymphocytes

Immunosorbent Techniques

Antibodies, Catalytic

Immunoblotting

Immunization

T-Lymphocytes

Antigen-Antibody Complex

Cells, Cultured

Flow Cytometry

Binding, Competitive

Immunologic Techniques

Immunoglobulin Fragments

Glycoproteins

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

Base Sequence

Immunoglobulin Variable Region

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid

Paraproteinemias

Iodine Radioisotopes

Cattle

Antigens, CD

Peptide Fragments

Tissue Distribution

Species Specificity