Antibodies, Heterophile

Antigens, Heterophile

Infectious Mononucleosis

Forssman Antigen

Antibodies

Immunoconglutinins

Antibodies, Viral

Hemagglutination Tests

Latex Fixation Tests

False Positive Reactions

Antibody Specificity

Immunoassay

Antibodies, Bacterial

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Immunoglobulin M

Immunoglobulin G

Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Herpesvirus 4, Human

Antibody Formation

Antibodies, Neutralizing

Antibody Affinity

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic

Binding Sites, Antibody

HIV Antibodies

Heterophile antibody

Heterophile antibody test

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

History and naming of human leukocyte antigens

Heterophile antigen

Infectious mononucleosis

John Forssman

Cross-reactivity

Pregnancy test

List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)

List of MeSH codes (D12.776)

Index of immunology articles

Antigens2

• These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification. (bvsalud.org)
• CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. (lookformedical.com)

Antigen5

• The presence or absence of EBV viral capsid ‎antigen (VCA) IgG, VCA IgM and EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) IgG antibodies was recorded. (who.int)
• Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. (bvsalud.org)
• Although these antibodies react with a well known target antigen (H+/K+ ATPase) solely present in the parietal cells of the gastric gland, the use of combined tissue sections in the same reaction well is highly recommended as an aid to avoid confusions with the more frequently found anti-mitochondrial antibodies. (clinlabint.com)
• In the immunoassays, an antibody used as a reagent, detects an analyte (antigen) of interest. (biochemia-medica.com)
• The main characteristic of all immunoassays - from immunoprecipitation to biochip assays - is that the reagent that discovers or quantifies the target analyte (antigen) contains the antibody. (biochemia-medica.com)

Immunoassays1

• Heterophile antibodies in plasma of certain individuals are known to cause interference with immunoassays. (cdc.gov)

Rheumatoid2

• Heterophile antibodies and rheumatoid factor can cause positive interference. (fairview.org)
• Therefore, they cross-react with the antibody or other proteins in the sample, e.g. autoanalyte antibodies, heterophile antibodies, human anti-animal antibodies or rheumatoid factors (12). (biochemia-medica.com)

Monoclonal2

• The effect of heterophile antibodies in the QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold IT ELISA is minimized by the addition of normal mouse serum to the green diluent and the use of F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody fragments as the IFN-γ capture antibody coated the microplate wells. (cdc.gov)
• Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. (lookformedical.com)

Recombinant1

• Recombinant antibodies produced in TRANSGENIC PLANTS . (nih.gov)

Specificity2

• Despite the specificity of the noncovalent bond between analyte and complementary antibody, numerous interferences (Figure 1) are possible, and can cause false increase (positive interference) (1-3) or false decrease of measured result (negative interference) (4,5). (biochemia-medica.com)
• Due to the specific features of the immunoassay technique (cross-reactivity of the antibodies, specificity, technology-dependent sensitivity limits, the matrix effect, etc.), which might cause misleading laboratory report. (biochemia-medica.com)

Agglutination test1

• Twelve persons with positive tests had blood redrawn and tested at a reference laboratory in Puerto Rico using the same heterophile agglutination test. (cdc.gov)

Interference1

• One of the most drastic examples of error in medical practice is the case of false positive chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test result, described with 22 year old women who underwent, due to unrecognized interference of heterophilic antibodies followed by permanent false positive hCG test result, unnecessary medical interventions: chemotherapy, hysterectomy and segmental lungs resection (7). (biochemia-medica.com)

Immunoassay2

• Rapid chromatographic immunoassay technology identifies heterophile antibodies in whole blood, serum or plasma to aid in the diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis. (aestheticrecord.com)
• The COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette (Whole Blood/Serum/Plasma) is a lateral flow immunoassay intended for the qualitative detection and differentiation of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Se hela listan på bodytomy.com The blood plasma is then poured or drawn off. (netlify.app)

Serological1

• Anti-parietal cell antibodies (APCA) is a serological marker used for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia and type A chronic gastritis. (clinlabint.com)

Rapid1

• As part of this confidential HIV testing program, routine, individual donation, HIV nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) has been provided to all rapid antibody-negative participants since June 2007 (samples for NAT are obtained at the time of rapid antibody testing) ( 7 , 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)

Infection4

• These antibodies appear during or after an infection with the virus that causes mononucleosis, or mono. (medlineplus.gov)
• This test looks for antibodies called heterophile antibodies, which form in the body during the infection. (medlineplus.gov)
• Although screening programs that rely on point-of-care HIV antibody testing will reliably identify persons with established infection, these tests fail to detect AHI ( 1 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
• AHI was defined as having a negative or indeterminate HIV antibody test result in the presence of detectable HIV-1 RNA, corresponding to Fiebig stages I-II, with a mean estimated date of infection within the previous 10 days (95% CI 7-14 days) ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)

Presence2

• Elevated levels of IFN-γ in the Nil sample may occur with the presence of heterophile antibodies, or to intrinsic IFN-γ secretion. (cdc.gov)
• However, the use of mouse instead of rat stomach sections to prevent the occurrence of false positives due to the presence of heterophile antibodies might not be a good approach since a false smooth muscle staining could then show up. (clinlabint.com)

Human3

• The major molecular targets of anti-parietal cell antibodies are the alpha- and the beta-subunits of the gastric proton pump H+/K+ ATPase in human autoimmune gastritis. (clinlabint.com)
• Indirect immunofluorescence on human gastric mucosa was the first method used for identifying anti-parietal cell antibodies, back in the early 1960s [4]. (clinlabint.com)
• Low Levels of Human Antibodies to Gametocyte-Infected Erythrocytes Contrasts the PfEMP1-Dominant Response to Asexual Stages in P. falciparum Malaria. (umassmed.edu)

Negative4

• A negative test means there were no heterophile antibodies detected. (medlineplus.gov)
• In kidney/stomach sections, the anti-mitochondrial antibodies show an intense staining of the cytoplasm in the renal tubules, whereas the anti-parietal cell antibodies do not react with the kidney and the image is completely negative (Figure 4). (clinlabint.com)
• Furthermore, if the reaction well also contains rat liver, the cytoplasm of hepatocytes shows a strongly positive labelling with anti-mitochondrial antibodies and negative with anti-parietal cell antibodies. (clinlabint.com)
• Although the noncovalent bound between analyte and complementary antibody is specific, false-positive and false-negative interferences are possible. (biochemia-medica.com)

Specific3

• The Nil samples adjust for background, heterophile antibody effects, or non-specific IFN-γ in blood samples. (cdc.gov)
• In addition, most testing programs in nonhealthcare settings continue to rely on routine antibody testing alone, with specific testing for AHI conducted only for persons with signs or symptoms. (cdc.gov)
• In addition to these specific features of these two patterns, the use of combined tissue sections in the same reaction well can be an aid that allows checking the staining on other structures to clearly differentiate between these two antibody types. (clinlabint.com)

Plasma1

• Mononucleosis heterophile antibodies in whole blood, serum or plasma as an aid in the diagnosis of Infectious Mononucleosis. (netlify.app)

Show1

• The anti-parietal cell antibodies show one of the most distinctive fluorescent patterns in the autoantibody screening by indirect immunofluorescence. (clinlabint.com)

Positive1

• A positive test means heterophile antibodies are present. (medlineplus.gov)

Blood1

• The mononucleosis spot test looks for 2 antibodies in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)

Antigens3

• These heterophile antibodies react to antigens from animal RBCs. (medscape.com)
• [ 32 ] Although anti-VCA IgM is highly suggestive of acute EBV infection, other herpes viruses (eg, cytomegalovirus) can induce IgM antibodies to cell lines that express EBV antigens. (medscape.com)
• These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification. (bvsalud.org)

Infectious mononucleosis8

• A positive result of a heterophile antibody test also is strong evidence in favor of a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. (medscape.com)
• A negative result of an antibody test, particularly during the first week of illness, may indicate that the patient does not have infectious mononucleosis or it could be an infectious mononucleosis-like illness. (medscape.com)
• Heterophile antibody tests are rapid, inexpensive, and specific tests that can be performed from the onset of symptoms of infectious mononucleosis. (medscape.com)
• Specific antibody testing may be necessary to identify the cause of an illness in an individual who does not have a typical case of infectious mononucleosis or has other illnesses that can be cause by EBV. (medscape.com)
• Since heterophile antibodies typically return quicker than EBV specific antibodies, it is the test of choice in most clinical settings to determine if an individual has infectious mononucleosis. (medscape.com)
• One must consider that the heterophile antibody test results may be negative early in the course of EBV infectious mononucleosis. (medscape.com)
• Patients who remain heterophile negative after 6 weeks with a mononucleosis illness should be considered as having heterophile-negative infectious mononucleosis. (medscape.com)
• These may be considered in patients with suspected infectious mononucleosis who have a negative heterophile test. (medscape.com)

Monospot1

• Agglutination of horse RBCs on exposure to heterophile antibodies is the basis of the Monospot test. (medscape.com)

Paul-Bunnell3

• Transient production of heterophile antibodies is seen in EBV infection and is known as Paul-Bunnell antibodies . (medscape.com)
• The Paul-Bunnell test for heterophile antibodies is based on the fact that serum obtained from patients with acute mononucleosis contains antibodies that agglutinate sheep, or more sensitivity, horse red blood cells (RBCs) but not guinea pig kidney cells in a tube dilution assay. (medscape.com)
• Sheep RBCs agglutinate in the presence of heterophile antibodies and are the basis for the Paul-Bunnell test. (medscape.com)

Serum6

• One hundred thirty-two positive heterophile antibody-tested serum samples were obtained from 2 tertiary care facilities in Boston to assess for HIV, and all tested negative for HIV plasma RNA. (nih.gov)
• The effect of heterophile antibodies in the QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold IT ELISA is minimized by the addition of normal mouse serum to the green diluent and the use of F(ab')2 monoclonal antibody fragments as the IFN-γ capture antibody coated the microplate wells. (cdc.gov)
• 3. Phantoms in the assay tube: heterophile antibody interferences in serum thyroglobulin assays. (nih.gov)
• 9. Markedly elevated serum thyroglobulin associated with heterophile antibodies: a cautionary tale. (nih.gov)
• 17. The value of diagnostic whole-body scanning and serum thyroglobulin in the presence of elevated serum thyrotropin during follow-up of anti-thyroglobulin antibody-positive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who appeared to be free of disease after total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine ablation. (nih.gov)
• In 1932, Paul and Bunnell discovered that serum from symptomatic patients had antibodies that agglutinate the red blood cells (RBCs) of unrelated species, the "heterophile antibodies. (medscape.com)

Agglutination1

• Twelve persons with positive tests had blood redrawn and tested at a reference laboratory in Puerto Rico using the same heterophile agglutination test. (cdc.gov)

Measurement2

• 2. Heterophile antibodies rarely influence the measurement of thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibodies in differentiated thyroid cancer patients. (nih.gov)
• 4. Heterophile antibodies may falsely increase or decrease thyroglobulin measurement in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. (nih.gov)

Secretion1

• Elevated levels of IFN-γ in the Nil sample may occur with the presence of heterophile antibodies, or to intrinsic IFN-γ secretion. (cdc.gov)

Species2

• [ 50 ] These are antibodies that agglutinate cells from other species and are not directed against Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
• In a number of instances it is possible by repeatcé rapid pas- Si.ges through & susceptible host to enhance markvily the viruience of en- Cupsuleted pneumococci for this particular species. (nih.gov)

Test9

• A white blood cell (WBC) count and heterophile antibody test should be done, along with a rapid test for streptococcal pharyngitis. (medscape.com)
• A second heterophile antibody test can be ordered after 1-2 weeks in such cases. (medscape.com)
• however, the diagnosis should be confirmed with a heterophile antibody test or through EBV-specific antibodies. (medscape.com)
• Once a reactive heterophile antibody is present, it is not necessary to test for specific antibodies to EBV. (medscape.com)
• In patients with a compatible syndrome and negative heterophile antibodies, the test can be repeated if the patient is early in their clinical course. (medscape.com)
• The mononucleosis spot test looks for 2 antibodies in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
• A negative test means there were no heterophile antibodies detected. (medlineplus.gov)
• A positive test means heterophile antibodies are present. (medlineplus.gov)
• On October 3, another heterophile test (Monosticon) was used. (cdc.gov)

Diagnostic1

• Reactive heterophile antibodies in a patient with the typical symptoms are diagnostic of EBV and further testing for specific antibodies to EBV is not necessary. (medscape.com)

Samples1

• The Nil samples adjust for background, heterophile antibody effects, or non-specific IFN-γ in blood samples. (cdc.gov)

Response2

• The graph below demonstrates the antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
• Antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)

Production1

• To achieve effective hapten presentation on the carrier protein for antibody production, immunizing haptens with a rigid double-bonded hydrocarbon linker introduced at different positions on the target molecule were synthesized as well as coating haptens that mimic a characteristic fragment of the molecule. (nih.gov)

Weeks1

• The highest number of antibodies occurs 2 to 5 weeks after mono begins. (medlineplus.gov)