Helminths
Antibodies
Helminthiasis, Animal
Antibody Specificity
Therapy with Helminths
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Antibody Formation
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antigens, Helminth
Ancylostomatoidea
Antibody Affinity
A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.
Anthelmintics
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Binding Sites, Antibody
Nematospiroides dubius
Antibodies, Neoplasm
Antibodies, Antinuclear
Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.
Cross Reactions
Albendazole
Schistosoma mansoni
Immunoglobulin M
Autoantibodies
Filarioidea
Protozoan Infections
Immunoglobulin G
Neutralization Tests
The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Schistosoma
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
Antibodies, Bispecific
Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.
Amino Acid Sequence
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.
Nippostrongylus
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Single-Chain Antibodies
Feces
Antibodies, Blocking
Antibodies that inhibit the reaction between ANTIGEN and other antibodies or sensitized T-LYMPHOCYTES (e.g., antibodies of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G class that compete with IGE antibodies for antigen, thereby blocking an allergic response). Blocking antibodies that bind tumors and prevent destruction of tumor cells by CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES have also been called enhancing antibodies. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)
Antigen-Antibody Complex
Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.
Trematoda
Antibodies, Heterophile
Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification.
Antibodies, Catalytic
Fasciola hepatica
Host-Parasite Interactions
Necator americanus
Th2 Cells
Rabbits
Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin E
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Soil
Immunization
Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).
Hybridomas
Nematoda
Immune Sera
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Parasitic Diseases
Trichinella spiralis
Epitope Mapping
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
Strongyloides stercoralis
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Cells, Cultured
Prevalence
Ascaris
Blotting, Western
Antigens, Surface
Necatoriasis
Immunization, Passive
Strongyloidiasis
B-Lymphocytes
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.
Strongyloidea
Immunoassay
Immunoglobulin Fragments
Mebendazole
Immunohistochemistry
T-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Immunoblotting
Hymenolepis nana
Radioimmunoassay
Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.
Flow Cytometry
Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Ancylostoma
Complement Fixation Tests
Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.
Cattle
Ascaris suum
Coinfection
Parasites
Base Sequence
Hemagglutination Tests
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic
Autoantibodies directed against cytoplasmic constituents of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES and/or MONOCYTES. They are used as specific markers for GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS and other diseases, though their pathophysiological role is not clear. ANCA are routinely detected by indirect immunofluorescence with three different patterns: c-ANCA (cytoplasmic), p-ANCA (perinuclear), and atypical ANCA.
Fascioliasis
Immunoglobulin Variable Region
That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.
Seroepidemiologic Studies
Immunoglobulin Idiotypes
Unique genetically-controlled determinants present on ANTIBODIES whose specificity is limited to a single group of proteins (e.g., another antibody molecule or an individual myeloma protein). The idiotype appears to represent the antigenicity of the antigen-binding site of the antibody and to be genetically codetermined with it. The idiotypic determinants have been precisely located to the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of both immunoglobin polypeptide chains.
Immunologic Techniques
Vaccination
Sensitivity and Specificity
Toxocariasis
Antigens, Neoplasm
Basophils
Immunosorbent Techniques
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Cote d'Ivoire
Haptens
Interleukin-4
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Schistosoma haematobium
Antibody Diversity
The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.
Mansonelliasis
Wuchereria bancrofti
Peptide Library
Spiruroidea
Hepatitis C Antibodies
Isoantibodies
Immunoglobulin Isotypes
Immunoglobulins
Multi-subunit proteins which function in IMMUNITY. They are produced by B LYMPHOCYTES from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. They are comprised of two heavy (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) and two light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) with additional ancillary polypeptide chains depending on their isoforms. The variety of isoforms include monomeric or polymeric forms, and transmembrane forms (B-CELL ANTIGEN RECEPTORS) or secreted forms (ANTIBODIES). They are divided by the amino acid sequence of their heavy chains into five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M) and various subclasses.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
Glycoproteins
Hepatitis B Antibodies
Immunodiffusion
Lymphocyte Activation
Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.
Binding, Competitive
Schistosomiasis haematobia
Peptide Fragments
Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
Immunity, Humoral
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic
Complement System Proteins
Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.
Ivermectin
A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form.
Mice, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.
Disease Models, Animal
Hygiene
Antinematodal Agents
Vaccines
Antigens, CD
Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Autoantigens
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Amoebozoa
Neglected Diseases
Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).
Precipitin Tests
Antigens, Protozoan
Hypersensitivity
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Toxocara canis
Tropical Medicine
Elephantiasis, Filarial
Ancylostomiasis
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
The phenomenon of antibody-mediated target cell destruction by non-sensitized effector cells. The identity of the target cell varies, but it must possess surface IMMUNOGLOBULIN G whose Fc portion is intact. The effector cell is a "killer" cell possessing Fc receptors. It may be a lymphocyte lacking conventional B- or T-cell markers, or a monocyte, macrophage, or polynuclear leukocyte, depending on the identity of the target cell. The reaction is complement-independent.
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Lymphocytes
White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.
Neurocysticercosis without detectable specific antibody. (1/1192)
A 19-year-old girl who had lived in India for five years until 1992 was admitted to Hokuto Hospital after general seizures which lasted for fifteen minutes. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a ring-enhanced lesion of 6 mm in diameter in the right parietal lobe. She underwent surgical resection after diagnosis of the brain tumor. Histopathological examinations revealed that the resected tumor was a cysticercus of Taenia solium (T. solium), and we concluded that her seizures were caused by neurocysticercosis. Serological examinations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblots to detect specific antibody against the glycoproteins of T. solium showed no detectable antibody response. The patient is under careful observation in our out-patient clinic with no medication. (+info)Development of a serologic assay to detect Taenia solium taeniasis. (2/1192)
We developed a serologic assay to identify adult Taenia solium tapeworm carriers using excretory/secretory (TSES) antigens collected from in vitro cultured T. solium tapeworms. To identify taeniasis-specific antigens we used an immunoblot assay with serum samples from T. solium tapeworm carriers and cysticercosis patients. Antigens were identified that reacted with antibodies present in serum samples from taeniasis cases and not with those from cysticercosis patients. Using serum samples collected from persons with confirmed T. solium tapeworm infections, the test was determined to be 95% (69 of 73) sensitive. Serum samples (n = 193) from persons with other parasitic infections, including T. saginata tapeworm infections, do not contain cross-reacting antibodies to TSES, indicating that the assay is 100% specific. These data suggest that the immunoblot assay using TSES antigens can be used to identify persons with current or recent T. solium tapeworm infections and provides a new, important tool for epidemiologic purposes, including control and prevention strategies. (+info)Immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis mouse pneumonitis induced by vaccination with live organisms correlates with early granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-12 production and with dendritic cell-like maturation. (3/1192)
As is true for other intracellular pathogens, immunization with live Chlamydia trachomatis generally induces stronger protective immunity than does immunization with inactivated organism. To investigate the basis for such a difference, we studied immune responses in BALB/c mice immunized with viable or UV-killed C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn). Strong, acquired resistance to C. trachomatis infection was elicited by immunization with viable but not dead organisms. Immunization with viable organisms induced high levels of antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), gamma interferon production, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses. Immunization with inactivated MoPn mainly induced interleukin-10 (IL-10) production and IgG1 antibody without IgA or DTH responses. Analysis of local early cytokine and cellular events at days 3, 5, and 7 after peritoneal cavity immunization showed that high levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-12 were detected with viable but not inactivated organisms. Furthermore, enrichment of a dendritic cell (DC)-like population was detected in the peritoneal cavity only among mice immunized with viable organisms. The results suggest that early differences in inducing proinflammatory cytokines and activation and differentiation of DCs may be the key mechanism underlying the difference between viable and inactivated organisms in inducing active immunity to C. trachomatis infection. (+info)Vaccination with cathepsin L proteinases and with leucine aminopeptidase induces high levels of protection against fascioliasis in sheep. (4/1192)
The potential of different parasite proteinases for use as vaccine candidates against fascioliasis in sheep was studied by vaccinating animals with the cathepsin L proteinases CL1 and CL2 and with leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) purified from adult flukes. In the first trial, sheep were immunized with CL1 or CL2 and the mean protection levels obtained were 33 and 34%, respectively. Furthermore, a significant reduction in egg output was observed in sheep vaccinated either with CL1 (71%) or with CL2 (81%). The second trial was performed to determine the protective potential of the two cathepsin L proteinases assayed together, as well as in combination with LAP, and of LAP alone. The combination of CL1 and CL2 induced higher levels of protection (60%) than those produced when these enzymes were administered separately. Those sheep that received the cocktail vaccine including CL1, CL2, and LAP were significantly protected (78%) against metacercarial challenge, but vaccination with LAP alone elicited the highest level of protection (89%). All vaccine preparations induced high immunoglobulin G titers which were boosted after the challenge infection, but no correlations between antibody titers and worm burdens were found. However, the sera of those animals vaccinated with LAP contained LAP-neutralizing antibodies. Reduced liver damage, as assessed by the level of the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase, was observed in the groups vaccinated with CL1, CL2, and LAP or with LAP alone. (+info)Anti-filarial IgG4 in men and women living in Brugia malayi-endemic areas. (5/1192)
To assess whether antifilarial IgG4 can be used to study various epidemiological facets of filarial infections, we studied this isotype in 238 individuals resident in areas endemic for brugian filariasis, focusing on the differences between men and women. In the study area, the prevalence of microfilariae was 6.7% and the prevalence of antifilarial IgG4 was 49.2%. All microfilariae carriers were positive for antifilarial IgG4, whereas a proportion of the endemic normals (94/208) and clephantiasis patients (7/14) had IgG4 antibodies to filarial antigens. Data were analysed as a function of gender in distinct clinical groups and stratified for age. The prevalence of microfilariae was higher in males in all age groups, as reflected in significantly higher antifilarial IgG4 antibody levels compared to females. The prevalence of IgG4 increased to reach a plateau at the age of 30 years in both males and females. These results indicate that antifilarial IgG4 antibodies can reflect the differences in the extent of infection in males and females as measured by microfilarial counts, and that this parameter can be used for epidemiological assessments of filarial infection. (+info)Comparison of serological and parasitological assessments of Onchocerca volvulus transmission after 7 years of mass ivermectin treatment in Mexico. (6/1192)
OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: To compare the utility of an ELISA using 3 recombinant antigens with that of the skin biopsy to estimate incidence of infections in a sentinel cohort of individuals living in an endemic community in southern Mexico during a set of 11 subsequent ivermectin treatments. RESULTS: The apparent community prevalence of infection and microfilarial skin infection before and after 11 treatments with ivermectin plus nodulectomy were 78% and 13%, and 0.68 mf/mg and 0.04 mf/mg, respectively, as measured by skin biopsy. Of a group of 286 individuals participating in all surveys, a sentinel cohort of 42 mf and serologically negative individuals had been followed since 1994. The annual percentage of individuals becoming positive in this cohort was 24% (10/42), 28% (9/33), 0%, and 4.3% (1/23) in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1998, respectively. Likewise, the incidence in children 5 years and under (n = 13) within this sentinel cohort was 15% (2/13), 18% (2/11), 0% and 11% (1/9), respectively. All individuals became positive to both tests simultaneously, indicating that seroconversion assessed infection incidence as accurately as skin biopsy in the sentinel group. CONCLUSION: Incidence monitoring of a sentinel cohort provides an estimation of the parasite transmission in the community; it is less costly than massive sampling, and a finger prick blood test might be more acceptable in some communities. (+info)Aetiological study of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome in the Netherlands. (7/1192)
AIM: To investigate whether presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome in the Netherlands is caused by Histoplasma capsulatum and whether other risk factors might play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. METHODS: 23 patients were clinically diagnosed as having presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome based on the following criteria: peripapillary atrophy, punched out lesions, a macular disciform lesion or scar in one eye without vitritis. As controls, 66 sex and age matched healthy volunteers were used. Serum samples from both patients and controls were tested for the presence of antibodies against H capsulatum, Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocara canis et cati, Ascaris sp, and for the presence of antigens of Cryptococcus neoformans. Serum samples were also tested for the presence of autoantibodies against retinal or choroidal proteins. To investigate other risk factors, patients and controls were asked to fill in a health and travel related questionnaire. Ten patients with ocular toxoplasmosis were used as a disease control group. RESULTS: None of the patients with presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome or controls had circulating antibodies directed against H capsulatum. No risk factors could be identified and no indications for autoimmunity and no evidence for the role of the other infectious agents could be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: In a Dutch group of patients fulfilling the criteria of a disease currently named presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, no risk factors or relation with the fungus H capsulatum could be detected. (+info)Interleukin-12 as an adjuvant for an antischistosome vaccine consisting of adult worm antigens: protection of rats from cercarial challenge. (8/1192)
Our group previously demonstrated that a detergent extract (fraction S3) prepared from immature (4-week) Schistosoma mansoni parasites can induce partial, serum-transferable immunity to challenge infection in rats when administered as an alum precipitate. In the present study, we examined whether S3 prepared from adult (7-week) worms could similarly induce protection and whether immunity could be positively influenced by treatment with interleukin-12 (IL-12). IL-12 coadministered to Fischer rats and C57BL/6 mice at the time of S3 vaccination altered the prechallenge kinetics of S3-specific antibody titers in both species, ultimately leading to a stable enhancement of titers (relative to those in animals vaccinated without IL-12) in mice but not rats. Immunoblot analysis of prechallenge immune sera demonstrated that IL-12 treatment was associated with changes in the S3 antigen recognition profile in each species. Isotyping of specific antibodies in S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated mice prior to challenge infection revealed a moderate elevation in immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) responses, strongly enhanced IgG2a and IgG2b responses, as well as diminished total serum IgE responses compared to those in mice given S3 only. In vaccinated rats, IL-12 profoundly suppressed specific IgG1 and enhanced IgG2b responses but did not affect IgG2a responses. S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated rats also produced less total IgE upon challenge infection. Enumeration of worm burdens revealed that vaccination with S3 plus IL-12 conferred 50% protection from cercarial challenge to rats, whereas rats given S3 only were not protected; mice were not protected by S3 vaccination regardless of IL-12 coadministration. The protection observed in S3- plus IL-12-vaccinated rats could not be transferred with serum, suggesting participation of an activated cellular component in the expression of immunity. (+info)
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Characterisation of IgG(T) serum antibody responses to two larval antigen complexes in horses naturally- or experimentally...
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In vitro assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant and DNA protective potential of wild edible fruit of Elaeagnus latifolia...
Table - Imported Human Fascioliasis, United Kingdom - Volume 15, Number 11-November 2009 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal ...
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Bridget Ogilvie
Ogilvie, B. M. (1964). "Reagin-like Antibodies in Animals Immune to Helminth Parasites". Nature. 204 (4953): 91-92. Bibcode: ...
Immunoglobulin E
"Antibody structure". Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Erb KJ (May 2007). "Helminths, allergic disorders and IgE ... June 2010). "Antibodies specific for a segment of human membrane IgE deplete IgE-producing B cells in humanized mice". The ... In the second approach, antibodies specific for a domain of 52 amino acid residues, referred to as CεmX or M1' (M1 prime), ... Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has been found only in mammals. IgE is ...
Isotype (immunology)
Responses to specific helminths are also characterised with elevated levels of IgE antibodies. Idiotype Janeway, CA; Travers, P ... IgE antibodies are present at lowest concentrations in peripheral blood but constitute the main antibody class in allergic ... which define the antibody's class. Antibodies of different classes activate distinct effector mechanisms in response to an ... Thus an antibody isotype is determined by the constant regions of the heavy chains only. IgM is first expressed as a monomer on ...
Schistosomiasis
The presence of antibody is indicative only of schistosome infection at some time and cannot be correlated with clinical status ... It belongs to the group of helminth infections. Diagnosis is by finding eggs of the parasite in a person's urine or stool. It ... Antibody detection can be useful to indicate schistosome infection in people who have traveled to areas where schistosomiasis ... Bilharz, Siebold CT (1852). "Ein Beitrag zur Helminthographia humana …" [A contribution to the literature on helminths [ ...
Moses Rugut
Epidemiology and control of ruminant helminths in the Kericho Highlands of Kenya. "Moses Rugutt named Nacosti head". Business ... Diagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Kenyan cattle by antibody and antigen ELISA. Anthelmintic resistance amongst ...
Golden jackal
"Antibodies to Selected Canine Pathogens and Infestation with Intestinal Helminths in Golden Jackals (Canis aureus) in Israel". ... helminths) and Echinococcus granulosus. In Israel, some jackals are infected with intestinal helminths and Leishmania tropica. ...
T cell
Defense against helminths. Multiple Sclerosis Tfh. IL-21, IL-4. Bcl-6. Help B cells produce antibody. Asthma and other allergic ... Aid the differentiation and antibody production by B cells. Asthma and other allergic diseases ... in immune function in patients with sepsis are associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and can be restored by antibodies ... "Disappearance of T Cell-Mediated Rejection Despite Continued Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Late Kidney Transplant Recipients" ...
Imunoglobulin E - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Antibody structure". Архивирано из оригинала на датум 6. 9. 2008.. *^ Erb KJ (2007). „Helminths, allergic disorders and IgE- ... Burton, Oliver T.; Oettgen, Hans C. „Beyond immediate hypersensitivity: evolving roles for IgE antibodies in immune homeostasis ...
Basophil
It is the bound IgE antibody that confers a selective response of these cells to environmental substances, for example, pollen ... Voehringer D (December 2009). "The role of basophils in helminth infection". Trends in Parasitology. 25 (12): 551-6. doi: ... Interleukin-4 is considered one of the critical cytokines in the development of allergies and the production of IgE antibody by ... proteins or helminth antigens. Recent studies in mice suggest that basophils may also regulate the behavior of T cells and ...
Kipsigis people
Anthelmintic resistance amongst sheep and goats in Kenya and Epidemiology and control of ruminant helminths in the Kericho ... Diagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Kenyan cattle by antibody and antigen ELISA; ...
Fc receptor
Many low affinity interactions are formed between receptor and antibody that work together to tightly bind the antibody-coated ... against which helminths are not resistant. The interaction of the FcεRI receptor with the Fc portion of helminth bound IgE ... or infected cells by antibody-mediated phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Some viruses such as ... IgE antibodies bind to antigens of allergens. These allergen-bound IgE molecules interact with Fcε receptors on the surface of ...
Tropical eosinophilia
Muck, A.; Pires, M.; Lammie, P. (2003). "Influence of infection with non-filarial helminths on the specificity of serological ... increased titers of antifilarial antibodies; peripheral blood negative for microfilariae; and a clinical response to ... High antifilarial IgG titers to microfilariae often result in cross reactivity with other nonfilarial helminth antigens, such ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)
... antibodies, fungal MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.185 - antibodies, helminth MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.191 - antibodies, ... antibodies, fungal MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.185 - antibodies, helminth MeSH D12.776.124.790.651.114.191 - antibodies, ... antibodies MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.071 - antibodies, anti-idiotypic MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.089 - antibodies, ... antibodies, bispecific MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.143 - antibodies, blocking MeSH D12.776.124.486.485.114.167 - antibodies, ...
Immunoglobulin E
"Antibody structure". Archived from the original on September 6, 2008.. *^ Erb KJ (2007). "Helminths, allergic disorders and IgE ... Chang TW, Wu PC, Hsu CL, Hung AF (2007). Anti-IgE antibodies for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Adv. Immunol ... Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) "isotype") that has only been found in mammals. IgE is ... In the first approach, the anti-IgE antibody drug omalizumab (trade name Xolair) recognises IgE not bound to its receptors and ...
Antibody
... helminths, allergens). ... Antibody mimetic[edit]. Antibody mimetics are organic compounds ... Asymmetrical antibodies[edit]. Heterodimeric antibodies, which are also asymmetrical and antibodies, allow for greater ... How Lymphocytes Produce Antibody from Cells Alive!. *Antibody applications Fluorescent antibody image library, University of ... Nucleic acids and small molecules are sometimes considered antibody mimetics, but not artificial antibodies, antibody fragments ...
Chorioallantoic membrane
Helminth cultivation. Oncological investigations. The advantages of using CAM are: It is easy to use as compared to other ... Limited availability of reagents like antibodies due to avian origin. Non-specific inflammatory reaction after 15 days of ... Fried B, Stableford LT (1991). "Cultivation of helminths in chick embryos". Advances in Parasitology. 30: 108-65. PMID 2069072 ...
T helper cell
helminth vs. fungus vs. protist). They are generally considered essential in B cell antibody class switching, breaking cross- ... gastric fluid acidification to expel helminths. IL-5 from CD4 T cells will activate eosinophils to attack helminths. IL-10 ... Antibodies do not play a direct role in this allergy type. T cells play an important role in this hypersensitivity, as they ... Antibody class switching declines significantly once helper T cell function fails. The immune system loses its ability to ...
Loa loa filariasis
This is despite the fact that many recently developed methods of antibody detection are of limited value because substantial ... antigenic cross-reactivity exists between filaria and other parasitic worms (helminths), and that a positive serologic test ... Seropositivity for antifilarial IgG antibody was also much higher in the placebo group. The recommended prophylactic dose is ...
Fc receptor
Principal antibody ligand. Affinity for ligand. Cell distribution. Effect following binding to antibody ... against which helminths are not resistant.[34][35] The interaction of the FcεRI receptor with the Fc portion of helminth bound ... Fc receptors recognize microbes that have been bound by antibodies. The interaction between the bound antibodies and the cell ... or infected cells by antibody-mediated phagocytosis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Some viruses such as ...
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
... such as eosinophils killing certain parasitic worms known as helminths via IgE antibodies.[4] ... Afucosylated monoclonal antibodies. References[edit]. *^ Hashimoto, G.; Wright, P. F.; Karzon, D. T. (1983-11-01). "Antibody- ... Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a ... Antibodies can then bind to these viral proteins. Next, the NK cells which have Fc Receptors will bind to that antibody, ...
T helper cell
Stimulates B-cells into proliferation, to induce B-cell antibody class switching, and to increase neutralizing antibody ... gastric fluid acidification to expel helminths. IL-5 from CD4 T cells will activate eosinophils to attack helminths. IL-10 ... Antibodies do not play a direct role in this allergy type. T cells play an important role in this hypersensitivity, as they ... They are essential in B cell antibody class switching, in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and in maximizing ...
Helminth protein
Schistosome proteins also contain abundant proteases which and cleave IgE antibodies. Alpha-1, a protein released by ... The Helminth Secretome Database (HSD) is a repository for helminth proteins predicted using expressed sequence tags (ESTs). ... Garg G, Ranganathan S (2012-01-01). "Helminth secretome database (HSD): a collection of helminth excretory/secretory proteins ... Helminth proteins modulate the immune response of their hosts, but do not suppress it entirely. A number of proteins are able ...
Ostertagia ostertagi
Higher levels of antibodies measured by ELISA methods, referred to as optical density ratios (ODRs), are associated with ... Diagnosis of helminth infections in cattle : World Buiatrics Congress. Areskog, M., Ljungström, B., and Höglund, J. 2013. ... The failure to respond quickly to Ostertagia may be a result of the suggested immunosuppression or impairment of antibody and ... These include the determination of specific anti-parasite antibodies in milk. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have ...
Immunology
The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens.[16] Antibodies are specific ... and helminth infestations) as well. Hence, research in the field of immunology is of prime importance for the advancements in ... Passively acquired maternal antibodies can suppress the antibody response to active immunization. Similarly the response of T- ... Antibodies are proteins that neutralize the disease-causing microorganisms. The antibodies don't kill the pathogens rather ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
... antibodies, fungal MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.185 - antibodies, helminth MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.191 - antibodies, ... antibodies MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.071 - antibodies, anti-idiotypic MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.107 - antibodies, ... antibodies, bispecific MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.143 - antibodies, blocking MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.167 - antibodies, ... hiv antibodies MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.150.500 - htlv-i antibodies MeSH D12.776.377.715.548.114.254.150.510 - htlv-ii ...
Antigen-antibody interaction
It is also used as a molecular technique for infection with different pathogens, such as HIV, microbes, and helminth parasites ... Antigen-antibody interaction, or antigen-antibody reaction, is a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B ... Since antibodies are bivalent or polyvalent, this is the sum of the strengths of individual antibody-antigen interactions. The ... In the blood, the antigens are specifically and with high affinity bound by antibodies to form an antigen-antibody complex. The ...
Common buzzard
Frölich, K., Prusas, C., Schettler, E., & Hafez, H. M. (2002). Antibodies to adenoviruses in free-living common buzzards from ... Other factors that negatively effect raptors have been studied in common buzzards are helminths, avipoxvirus and assorted other ... Santoro, M., Tripepi, M., Kinsella, J. M., Panebianco, A., & Mattiucci, S. (2010). Helminth infestation in birds of prey ( ...
Adaptive immune system
Opsonization: Coating antigen with antibody enhances phagocytosis. *Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Antibodies ... parasites including helminths and toxins.[2] Like cytotoxic T cells, most of the CD4+ helper cells die on resolution of ... Passive - Antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or infant via the mother's milk.. Passive - Preformed antibodies in ... An antibody is made up of two heavy chains and two light chains. The unique variable region allows an antibody to recognize its ...
Food allergy
This test only works for IgE antibodies. Allergic reactions caused by other antibodies cannot be detected through skin-prick ... such as helminths, could protect against allergy. Therefore, reduced exposure to these organisms, particularly in developed ... IgE antibodies bind to a receptor on the surface of the protein, creating a tag, just as a virus or parasite becomes tagged. ... 2 - IgE antibody. 3 - FcεRI receptor. 4 - preformed mediators (histamine, proteases, chemokines, heparin). 5 - granules. 6 - ...
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
A. cantonensis is a helminth of the phylum Nematoda, order Strongylida, and superfamily Metastrongyloidea. Nematodes are ... Consequently, alternative approaches to detect antigen-antibody reactions are being explored, such as immuno-PCR.[51] A rapid ... "Helminth Taxonomy - Phylum Nematoda". Schistosomiasis Research Group. Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved ...
Autoimmunity
Idiotype Network theory, proposed by Jerne, wherein a network of antibodies capable of neutralizing self-reactive antibodies ... 2004). "Helminth infection modulates the development of allergen-induced airway inflammation". Int. Immunol. 16 (4): 585-96. ... 2002) injected an anti-MHC Class II antibody into mice expressing a single type of MHC Class II molecule (H-2b) to temporarily ... In this case, the host-cell receptor is envisioned as an internal image of the virus, and the anti-idiotype antibodies can ...
Loa loa filariasis
Seropositivity for antifilarial IgG antibody was also much higher in the placebo group. The recommended prophylactic dose is ... helminths), and a positive serologic test does not necessarily distinguish between infections-up and coming serologic tests ... and many of recently developed methods of Antibody detection are of limited value-because substantial antigenic cross ...
Babesiosis
Serologic testing for antibodies against Babesia (both IgG and IgM) can detect low-level infection in cases with a high ... April 1994). "Diagnosis of babesiosis: evaluation of a serologic test for the detection of Babesia microti antibody". J. Infect ... Since detectable antibody responses require about a week after infection to develop, serologic testing may be falsely negative ...
Infection
For example, the use of antibodies made artificially fluorescent (fluorescently labeled antibodies) can be directed to bind to ... Macroparasites[6] (worms or helminths) including nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms, tapeworms (cestodes), and ... These tests are based upon the ability of an antibody to bind specifically to an antigen. The antigen, usually a protein or ... Immunoassay B on the other hand may detect or measure antibodies produced by an organism's immune system that are made to ...
Potencijalne terapije multiple skleroze
20,0 20,1 Castillo J, Milani C, Mendez-Allwood D. Ofatumumab, a second-generation anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, for the ... Correale J, Farez M, Razzitte G (August 2008). "Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B ... Hutas G (November 2008). "Ocrelizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD20 for inflammatory disorders and B-cell ...
Pathogen
Some eukaryotic organisms, including a number of protozoa and helminths, are human parasites. ... Treating the symptoms of a viral infection gives the host immune system time to develop antibodies against the viral pathogen ...
Immunotherapy
Helminth's relationship to humans as hosts should be classified as mutualistic or symbiotic.[citation needed] ... Immunosuppressive antibodies target steps in the immune response. Other drugs modulate immune responses. ... Co-evolution with helminths has shaped some of the genes associated with Interleukin expression and immunological disorders, ... Reddy A, Fried B (January 2009). "An update on the use of helminths to treat Crohn's and other autoimmunune diseases". ...
Linx ibèric - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Torres, J., García Perea, R., Gisbert, J., Feliú, C., (1998). Helminth fauna of the Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus. J. Helminthol ... Antibodies to Mycobacterium bovis in wild carnivores from Donana National Park (Spain). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 42 (3): ...
List of parasites of humans
Helminths (worms)[edit]. Helminth organisms (also called helminths or intestinal worms) include: Tapeworms[edit]. Common name ... direct microscopy of stool (PCR, antibody) • worldwide: one of the most common human parasites[1][2]. • United States: infected ...
Hookworm infection
Brooker S, Clements AC, Bundy DA (2006). Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections. Adv ... a vaccine that could induce antibodies for these antigens could interfere with the hookworm's digestive pathway and impair the ... Knowles SC (August 2011). "The effect of helminth co-infection on malaria in mice". Int. J. Parasitol. 41 (10): 1041-51. doi: ... The term "hookworm" is sometimes used to refer to hookworm infection.[11] A hookworm is a type of parasitic worm (helminth). ...
Little brown bat
The presence of helminth parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of the little brown bat is most common in the spring and fall ... Trimarchi, C. V.; Debbie, J. G. (1977). "Naturally Occurring Rabies Virus and Neutralizing Antibody in Two Species of ... Some individuals in the wild have antibodies for the rabies virus.[45] ...
Basophil
Voehringer D (December 2009). "The role of basophils in helminth infection". Trends in Parasitology. 25 (12): 551-6. doi: ... It is the bound IgE antibody that confers a selective response of these cells to environmental substances, for example, pollen ... Interleukin-4 is considered one of the critical cytokines in the development of allergies and the production of IgE antibody by ... proteins or helminth antigens. Recent studies in mice suggest that basophils may also regulate the behavior of T cells and ...
Virology
Vaccinations protect against viral diseases, in part, by eliciting the production of antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies, ... Antibody presence in blood serum is often used to determine whether a person has been exposed to a given virus in the past, ... When the immune system of a vertebrate encounters a virus, it may produce specific antibodies which bind to the virus and ... Tests detecting HIV infection by detecting the presence of HIV antibody were developed. Subsequent tremendous research efforts ...
Toixó - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
Rosalino, L. M., Torres, J., Santos-Reis, M., (2006). A survey of helminth infection in Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) in ... Antibodies to Mycobacterium bovis in wild carnivores from Doñana National Park (Spain). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 42 (3): ... Torres, J., Miquel, J., Motje, M., (2001). Helminth parasites of the Eurasian badger (Meles meles, L.) in Spain: a ... Millán, J., Sevilla, I., Gerrikagoitia, X., García-Perez, A. L., Barral, M., (2004). Helminth parasites of the Eurasian badger ...
Parasitism
"Helminth Parasites". Australian Society of Parasitology. Retrieved 9 October 2017.. *^ "Pathogenic Parasitic Infections". PEOI ... that trigger the adaptive immune system's lymphocytes such as T cells and antibody-producing B cells. These have receptors that ... Various species of helminth castrate their hosts (such as insects and snails). This may be directly, whether mechanically by ... Much of the thinking on types of parasitism has focussed on terrestrial animal parasites of animals, such as helminths. Those ...
Ulcerative colitis
Specifically, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) are found in 70 percent of cases of UC.[17] Antibodies ... The therapy tests the hygiene hypothesis which argues that the absence of helminths in the colons of people in the developed ... Specific antibody markers may be elevated in ulcerative colitis. ... Etrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets he ...
Food and biological process engineering
Then further tests can be performed to confirm the presence of the bacteria, such as serology tests that find antibodies formed ... pathogenic protozoa and helminths. Several bacteria, such as E. coli, Clostridium botulinum, and Salmonella enterica, are well- ...
Canary Database: Browse by Outcome: Antibodies, Helminth
Prevalence of viral antibodies and helminths in field populations of house mice (Mus domesticus) in southeastern Australia |...
Prevalence of viral antibodies and helminths in field populations of house mice (Mus domesticus) in southeastern Australia - ... Prevalence of viral antibodies and helminths in field populations of house mice (Mus domesticus) in southeastern Australia. * G ... Prevalence of viral antibodies and helminths in field populations of house mice (Mus domesticus) in southeastern Australia ... Prevalence of viral antibodies and helminths in field populations of house mice (Mus domesticus) in southeastern Australia ...
Malaria-Helminth Co-Infection and the Immune Response: How Relative Infection Size Alters Antibody Specificity and the Th1/Th2...
Antibodies, helminth synonyms, Antibodies, helminth antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
... helminth in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Antibodies, helminth. 28 synonyms for worm: squiggle, squirm, waggle, wiggle, wriggle ... Antibodies, helminth synonyms, Antibodies, helminth antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com https://www.freethesaurus.com/Antibodies%2c+ ... Antibodies, helminth provided by ,a style=color:#000 href=https://www.freethesaurus.com/Antibodies%2c+helminth, ... redirected from Antibodies, helminth). Also found in: Dictionary, Medical, Encyclopedia. #vtZoom,.vt-link{cursor:pointer} .vt- ...
Interactions between helminth parasites and allergy
... a causal association between helminths and atopic diseases remains uncertain. ... Although helminth infections can modulate the host inflammatory response directed against the parasite, ... Antibodies, Helminth / blood * Antibodies, Helminth / immunology * Antigens, Helminth / immunology * Helminthiasis / blood * ... Interactions between helminth parasites and allergy Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Feb;9(1):29-37. doi: 10.1097/ACI. ...
WO2018144425 GENERATION OF HUMAN ALLERGEN-AND HELMINTH-SPECIFIC IGE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC USE
... and IgG antibodies engineered therefrom. Such engineered antibodies can be used to blunt pathologic IgE responses in subjects, ... The present disclosure is directed to human monoclonal IgE antibodies, ... EN) GENERATION OF HUMAN ALLERGEN-AND HELMINTH-SPECIFIC IGE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC USE. (FR) ... 1. (WO2018144425) GENERATION OF HUMAN ALLERGEN-AND HELMINTH-SPECIFIC IGE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC ...
Migrant Serum Bank | CDC
Intestinal helminth testing. Somali. To determine the seroprevalence of schistosoma and strongloides. Posey DL, et al. High ... Seroprevalence of antibodies against Taenia solium cysticerci among refugees resettled in United States. Laos, Burma, Bhutan, ... Seroprevalence of antibodies against Taenia solium cysticerci among refugees resettled in United States. Emerging infectious ... To assess the seroprevalence of antibodies against T. solium cysts to determine public health implications and future research ...
Immune Antibodies and Helminth Products Drive CXCR2-Dependent Macrophage-Myofibroblast Crosstalk to Promote Intestinal Repair<...
Whilst antibodies and helminths together triggered CXCL2 production by MΦ in vitro via surface FcR engagement, chemokine ... Whilst antibodies and helminths together triggered CXCL2 production by MΦ in vitro via surface FcR engagement, chemokine ... Whilst antibodies and helminths together triggered CXCL2 production by MΦ in vitro via surface FcR engagement, chemokine ... Whilst antibodies and helminths together triggered CXCL2 production by MΦ in vitro via surface FcR engagement, chemokine ...
Helminth Protein Vaccine Induced Follicular T Helper Cell for Enhancement of Humoral Immunity against Schistosoma japonicum
Our results suggest that helminth protein vaccine combined with FK506 induces Tfh cell for stimulating humoral immune responses ... As secondary antibodies, 100 μL of horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG, or IgG1 (Sigma, St. Louis) were added ... reported that after helminth infection, or immunization with helminth antigens, IL-4 expressing Th cells displayed the Tfh ... which in certain helminth infections are implicated in resistance to reinfection. King and Mohrs reported that. During helminth ...
Mouse Models of Genetic Variation in Resistance to Helminth Parasites | SpringerLink
... racial and breed variation in ability to develop resistance to helminth... ... I. Parasite biomass and antibody response in three strains of inbred mice against graded doses of Echinococcus multilocularis ... Wakelin D. (1982) Mouse Models of Genetic Variation in Resistance to Helminth Parasites. In: Owen D.G. (eds) Animal Models in ... Ljungström, I. (1979). Trichinella spiralis: formation of specific antibodies and modulation of the immune response. PhD Thesis ...
Frontiers | Elevated IgG Responses in Infants Are Associated With Reduced Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection |...
Antibody responses in plasma samples acquired at baseline and tuberculosis (TB) investigation were analysed by enzyme-linked ... IgG titres against the endemic helminth Ascaris lumbricoides increased from baseline to QFT re-testing in all infants. ... Antibody responses in plasma samples acquired at baseline and tuberculosis (TB) investigation were analysed by enzyme-linked ... IgG titres against the endemic helminth Ascaris lumbricoides increased from baseline to QFT re-testing in all infants. ...
Search of: 'Helminthiasis' - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
Antibody isotype response to helminth antigens.. 2377. All. 5 Years to 18 Years (Child, Adult). NCT01658774. 2242. 241642. ... Community Directed Treatment of Soil-Transmitted Helminths Among Young Children in Zambia. *Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection ... Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris, hookworm, Trichuris). *Intensity of soil-transmitted helminth infections ( ... Treatment of Helminth co-Infection: Short-Term Effects on HIV-1 Progression Markers and Immune Activation. *HIV Infections ...
WASH Benefits Kenya - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Soil transmitted helminths. Intestinal protozoans. Antibody response. Additional relevant MeSH terms: Diarrhea. Malnutrition. ... We will additionally measure Total IgG antibody titers in the blood, and we will compare groups using logged values of the ... Infection with soil transmitted helminths (ascaris, trichuris, hookworm) will be enumerated in stool collected from all index ... antibody levels.. *ASQ Child Development Scores [ Time Frame: Measured 24 months after intervention ]. Interviewers will ...
Differential production in vitro of antigen specific IgG1, IgG3 and IgA: a study in Schistosoma haematobium infected individuals
... in antibody responses to two different recombinant Schistosoma antigens (Sh28GST and TPx-1). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells ... Antibodies, Helminth / biosynthesis* * Antibodies, Helminth / blood * Antibodies, Helminth / immunology * Antigens, Helminth / ... The production of antibody to either antigen was donor-dependent and for each donor it was antigen-dependent. Differentiation ... This may have implications in designing protocols for protein based-vaccinations aiming at eliciting antibody responses of ...
GPT2 Gene - GeneCards | ALAT2 Protein | ALAT2 Antibody
helminth infection. - elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards Search GPT2 in MalaCards View complete ... antibodies-online: Search results for 62 available GPT2 Antibodies ranked by validation data ... antibodies-online: Search results for 62 available GPT2 Antibodies ranked by validation data ... antibodies-online: Search results for 6 available GPT2 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data ...
JCI -
Helminth-induced arginase-1 exacerbates lung inflammation and disease severity in tuberculosis
FFPE lung sections were also stained using antibodies specific for B220 and CD3. Magnification: ×200. The average size of B ... which was elevated in TB patients coinfected with helminths. Together, our data indicate that helminth coinfection induces ... Parasitic helminth worms, such as Schistosoma mansoni. , are endemic in regions with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) ... Prevailing models suggest that T helper type 2 (Th2) responses induced by helminth infection impair Th1 immune responses and ...
Acute Conjunctivitis with Episcleritis and Anterior Uveitis Linked to Adiaspiromycosis and Freshwater Sponges, Amazon Region,...
Soil samples were examined for helminth eggs and larvae. Water samples were collected from areas of the Araguaia River where ... All samples tested for toxoplasmosis (n = 46) were nonreactive for IgM antibodies. Serologic tests for detection of IgG for ... helminth eggs and larvae, including Toxocara spp., were found in 7 of 10 soil samples. ...
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
0 (Antibodies, Helminth); 0 (Filaricides). [Em] M s de entrada:. 1606. [Cu] Atualiza o por classe:. 170220. ... In the site which failed TAS, 15 % of participants were antibody positive, 0.2 % were microfilaremic, and age-specific antibody ... and age-specific antibody prevalence peaked at almost 8 % in the 25-34 year-old age range, with no antibody-positive results ... Brugia Rapid™ antibody responses in communities of Indonesia in relation to the results of transmission assessment surveys ( ...
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
Probiotics for the Control of Helminth Zoonosis
R. Schneider and H. Auer, "Incidence of Ascaris suum-specific antibodies in Austrian patients with suspected larva migrans ... Other Helminths. In addition to the aforementioned helminth infections, other roundworms, like hookworms and Strongyloides, are ... Hence, helminth parasites are of significant concern to public health and food safety. Furthermore, helminths also infect a ... 2. Trends of Probiotics against Helminth Zoonosis. Zoonotic helminth infections are still remaining a challenge posing a ...
Practical Exercises in Parasitology: Halton, D. W.: Trade Paperback: 9780521022149: Powell's Books
Use of basic indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies produced by experimental immunisation; 4.7. SDS PAGE and Western ... Immunocytochemical demontration of neuroactive substances in helminth parasites; Part IV. Pathology and Immunology: 4.1. ... Production and screening of monoclonal antibodies against Leishmania promastigotes; 4.4. Pathological effects of Mesocestoides ... blotting for the detection of antibodies produced by experimental immunisation; Part V. Chemotherapy: 5.1. Sensitivity of a ...
Helminth infection promotes colonization resistance via type 2 immunity | Science
MHC-restricted antibody responses to Trichuris muris excretory/secretory (E/S) antigen. Parasite Immunol. 12, 509-527 (1990). ... Helminths and the IBD hygiene hypothesis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 15, 128-133 (2009). doi:10.1002/ibd.20633pmid:18680198. ... Helminth colonization is associated with increased diversity of the gut microbiota. PLOS Negl. Trop. Dis. 8, e2880 (2014). doi: ... such as decreased prevalence of helminth colonization and alterations to the gut microbiota. We find that helminth infection ...
Ten Weeks of Infection with a Tissue-Invasive Helminth Protects against Local Immune Complex-Mediated Inflammation, but Not...
Neutrophils in local and systemic antibody-dependent inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 94: 643-656. ... An enteric helminth infection protects against an allergic response to dietary antigen. J. Immunol. 169: 3284-3292. ... Similar to other helminths, L. sigmodontis induces systemic immunomodulation (5-7), and a previous study demonstrated that L. ... Chronic helminth infection reduces basophil responsiveness in an IL-10-dependent manner. J. Immunol. 188: 4188-4199. ...
IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in reactive lymph nodes during helminth infection are T follicular helper cells | JEM
5 D). Lastly, consistent with the severely compromised IgG1 and IgE antibody response previously reported in IL-4Rα- and IL-4- ... IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells in reactive lymph nodes during helminth infection are T follicular helper cells. Irah L. King, ... huCD2 marks T follicular cells in the reactive lymph nodes during helminth infection. (A) Gated CD4+ T cells from mesLNs of ... T follicular helper cells differentiate from Th2 cells in response to helminth antigens. J. Exp. Med. 206:991-999. ...
Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibodies among a Rural Appalachian Population-Kentucky, 2013 | The American Journal...
... participants tested positive for Strongyloides antibodies. We identified no statistically significant association between a ... Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. Lancet 367: 1521-1532.[Crossref] ... I. Survey of intestinal helminth infections and anemia in rural school children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 21: 919-929. ... f Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis Antibodies among a Rural Appalachian Population-Kentucky, 2013 * Elizabeth S. Russell ...
Deja Review Microbiology & Immunology, Second Edition, Book by Eric Chen (Paperback) | chapters.indigo.ca
Helminths. SECTION VII: IMMUNOLOGY. Chapter 36. Cells and Signals of the Immune System. Chapter 37. Major Histocompatabiity ... Laboratory Use of Antibodies. SECTION VIII: SYSTEMS-BASED MICROBIOLOGY. Chapter 46. Cardiovascular System. Chapter 47. ... Antibodies and Complement. Chapter 40. Humoral Immunity. Chapter 41. Cell-Mediated Immunity. Chapter 42. Hypersensitivity. ...
Frontiers | Host Immunity and Inflammation to Pulmonary Helminth Infections | Immunology
While each helminth species completes a distinct life cycle within the host, several helminths incite significant lung disease ... While each helminth species completes a distinct life-cycle within the host, several helminths incite significant lung disease ... The impact of helminths on the pulmonary immune response involves a sophisticated orchestration and activation of the host ... The impact of helminths on the pulmonary immune response involves a sophisticated orchestration and activation of the host ...
Epidemiological survey of zoonotic helminths in feral cats in Gran Canaria island (Macaronesian archipelago-Spain) : Acta...
Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and intestinal parasites in stray, farm and household cats in Spain. Veterinary ... Helminth parasites of the Mediterranean gecko, (Sauria: Gekkonidae), from Texas, United States with a summary of helminths of ... Specific IgG antibody response against antigens of Dirofilaria immitis and its Wolbachia endosymbiont bacterium in cats with ... Helminth parasites of the endangered Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and sympatric carnivores. Journal of Helminthology, 81, 377- ...
Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis Caused by Ancylostoma Hookworm - Volume 23, Number 2-February 2017 - Emerging...
... and 3 negative stool samples for intestinal helminths. An ELISA result for serum antibodies to the helminth Toxocara canis (DRG ... Zoonotic helminths affecting the human eye. Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:41. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... In this case, we obtained a positive ELISA result for Toxocara canis, another helminth implicated in DUSN (3). Because the ... Additional diagnostic results included negative serum antibody tests for the parasites Fasciola hepatica, Strongyloides spp., ...
AntigensAcquired immunityInfectionInfectionsResponsesParasitesPrevalenceParasiteAscarisSoil-transmitted helminthsAbstractImmunologySerumIntestinal helminthMiceSpecificityEndemicImmunoglobulinAntigen-antibodyMonoclonal antibodiesMurineVaccineProteinsSchistosomaPathogensInduceEnzyme-linkePathogenParasitic wormsELISAInducesEffects of helminthsSuggest that helminthResponse to helminthsImmunity to helminthsProteinMechanismsTissueProduction of antibodiesHumoralMast cellsDiverse group of metazoan organismsDifferentiationLarvalHypersensitivityTiters increasedPrimary AntibodiesBindRole for antibodiesVaccinationDiseasesDetectionGastrointestinalInteractionsPopulationsProduce antibodies
Antigens18
- Our data suggest a possible protective association between raised antibody titers and acquisition of Mtb infection, potentially mediated by exposure to antigens both related and unrelated to Mtb . (frontiersin.org)
- This study has evaluated the individual control of isotype production and the influence of external signals that can be experimentally provided in vitro, in antibody responses to two different recombinant Schistosoma antigens (Sh28GST and TPx-1). (nih.gov)
- Antibodies in sera from multiple sclerosis patients recognize Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigens. (medworm.com)
- Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity ( ADCC ), also referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system actively lyses a target cell, whose membrane-surface antigens have been bound by specific antibodies . (wikipedia.org)
- Helminth proteins can result in a deregulated response to infection, and are implicated in reduced reactivity to other antigens. (wikipedia.org)
- Response: Involves production of antibodies and generation of specialized lymphocytes against specific antigens. (scribd.com)
- The study of reactions between antibodies and antigens. (scribd.com)
- Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immunity (Antibody Involves production of antibodies against foreign antigens. (scribd.com)
- We show here that the depletion of CD301b + DCs specifically enhanced the development of Tfh cells, germinal center B cells and antibody responses against protein antigens. (elifesciences.org)
- Through presenting processed antigens on their MHC molecules, dendritic cells (DCs) are primarily responsible for initiating T cell-mediated cellular immunity, which is also required for T cell-dependent antibody responses. (elifesciences.org)
- The detection of specific antibodies against T. solium cysticercal antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been considered a useful diagnostic element for neurocysticercosis, especially when neuroimaging techniques are unavailable or inconclusive 9,10 . (scielo.br)
- The present study was designed to prepare a pair of polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) (IgG 4 A7 and IgG 4 B12) against Fasciola gigantica Cathepsin L. (CL) and used them in development of sandwich ELISA and dot-ELISA to detect Circulating Fasciola Antigens (CFA) in serum samples collected from a total of 157 sheep. (scialert.net)
- Moreover, Fasciola shares antigens with other parasites such as S. mansoni increasing the possibility of cross-reactions when antibody detection assay systems were used for diagnosis of infection ( Espino and Finlay, 1994 ). (scialert.net)
- These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification. (curehunter.com)
- Helminth exposure is of particular interest in understanding the epidemiology of ARD because of the homology between several helminth antigens and allergens, and the many similarities between helminth- and allergen-specific immune responses. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Helminths have a range of antigens that are strikingly homologous to common allergens, including cross-reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD) N-glycans carrying core b-1,2- xylose and a-1,3-fucose epitopes. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens. (bioportfolio.com)
- [2] This enormous diversity of antibody paratopes on the antigen-binding fragments allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide variety of antigens. (wikipedia.org)
Acquired immunity1
- 4. Overcome the 'deficient acquired immunity' that occurs during chronic helminth infection, in order to attain sufficient vaccine immunogenicity in these individuals. (eurekalert.org)
Infection57
- Is there an association of Pneumocystis infection with the presence of arena-, hanta-, and poxvirus antibodies in wild mice and shrews in Finland? (cambridge.org)
- Helminth parasites can cause considerable damage when migrating through host tissues, thus making rapid tissue repair imperative to prevent bleeding and bacterial dissemination particularly during enteric infection. (monash.edu)
- Here, we observed that mice lacking antibodies (Aid -/- ) or activating Fc receptors (Fcrg -/- ) displayed impaired intestinal repair following infection with the murine helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb), whilst transfer of immune serum could partially restore chemokine production and rescue wound healing in Aid -/- mice. (monash.edu)
- Blockade of CXCR2 during Hpb challenge infection reproduced the delayed wound repair observed in helminth infected Aid -/- and Fcrg -/- mice. (monash.edu)
- It is unclear whether antibodies can prevent Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) infection. (frontiersin.org)
- In this study, we examined the relationship between total plasma IgG levels, IgG elicited by childhood vaccines and soil-transmitted helminths, and Mtb infection prevalence, defined by positive QuantiFERON (QFT) test. (frontiersin.org)
- However, there is no clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that an effective TB vaccine might be based on induction of an antibody response that controls Mtb infection. (frontiersin.org)
- Also searched for Helminth infection . (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Infection with soil transmitted helminths (ascaris, trichuris, hookworm) will be enumerated in stool collected from all index children and one older child per study compound. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Prevailing models suggest that T helper type 2 (Th2) responses induced by helminth infection impair Th1 immune responses and thereby limit Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) control. (jci.org)
- Nowadays, one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases is infection with helminth parasites, which infect about one-third of the human population worldwide. (hindawi.com)
- Infection with helminths usually tends to be chronic rather than acute infection, although there can be acute manifestations after initial infection in naive hosts. (hindawi.com)
- show that intestinal helminth infection, caused by parasitic worms, protects IBD-susceptible mice from developing the disease. (sciencemag.org)
- In this study, we evaluated the effect chronic helminth infection has on allergic disease in mice previously sensitized to OVA. (jimmunol.org)
- Despite numerous epidemiologic and animal studies suggesting helminth infections are protective against allergy, the two prospective human clinical trials that have tested the efficacy of infection as a therapeutic have failed to show clinical benefit ( 1 , 2 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Similar to other helminths, L. sigmodontis induces systemic immunomodulation ( 5 - 7 ), and a previous study demonstrated that L. sigmodontis can inhibit the development of allergic disease when infection is established prior to allergic sensitization ( 8 ). (jimmunol.org)
- Interleukin (IL)-4 is the quintessential T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine produced by CD4 + T cells in response to helminth infection. (rupress.org)
- To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the location of IL-4-producing T cells in the reactive lymph nodes after helminth infection. (rupress.org)
- what is the mucosal cell response to IL-4 and IL-13 in helminth infection? (brainscape.com)
- how do eosinophils get activated and respond to helminth infection? (brainscape.com)
- The infected and control dogs were bled every 5 days for 75 days from the time of infection and the sera were stored at -70°C. Sera were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to E. granulosus scolex excretory/secretory (ES) antigen, protoscolex antigen and oncosphere antigen. (ajtmh.org)
- Antibodies to scolex ES antigen and protoscolex antigen were detected in the sera of infected dogs within 2 weeks of infection. (ajtmh.org)
- Antibody titers rose rapidly and remained at a high level until the dogs were killed 75 days after infection. (ajtmh.org)
- Helminth parasites are effective in biasing Th2 immunity and inducing regulatory pathways that minimize excessive inflammation within their hosts, thus allowing chronic infection to occur whilst also suppressing bystander atopic or autoimmune diseases. (medworm.com)
- In areas co-endemic for helminth parasites and HIV/AIDS, infants are often administered vaccines prior to infection with immune modulatory helminth parasites. (nih.gov)
- Systemic Th2 biasing and immune suppression caused by helminth infection reduces cell-mediated responses to vaccines such as tetanus toxoid and BCG. (nih.gov)
- This allows us to determine if established vaccine responses are maintained or altered after helminth infection. (nih.gov)
- Our second objective asked if helminth infection post-vaccination alters the recipient's ability to respond to a second boost. (nih.gov)
- We report that HIV-1 vaccine-specific responses generated by Listeria vector HIV-1 vaccines are maintained following subsequent chronic schistosome infection, providing further evidence that Listeria vector vaccines induce potent vaccine-specific responses that can withstand helminth infection. (nih.gov)
- This can have important consequences not only on the host's ability to control a helminth infection, but also on their ability to control unrelated infections. (springer.com)
- In endemic areas, understanding how helminth infection influences the outcome of common infectious diseases and changes the efficacy of childhood vaccination programs is an important public health question. (springer.com)
- Current understanding of how helminths alter important but relatively neglected contributors to the host's anti-helminth immune responses are addressed, namely host antibody responses and how maternal infection may alter a child's immune development. (springer.com)
- These are discussed in relation to the control of helminth infection and unrelated infections. (springer.com)
- Anthony RM , Rutitzky LI , Urban JF Jr Stadecker MJ and Gause WC (2007) Protective immune mechanisms in helminth infection. (els.net)
- Bouchery T , Kyle R , Ronchese F and Le Gros G (2014) The differentiation of CD4(+) T‐helper cell subsets in the context of helminth parasite infection. (els.net)
- 2012) An essential role for TH2‐type responses in limiting acute tissue damage during experimental helminth infection. (els.net)
- [1] It is one of the mechanisms through which antibodies, as part of the humoral immune response , can act to limit and contain infection. (wikipedia.org)
- She discusses the immune system, autoimmunity and helminth infection, coevolution of helminths and immunity, the localized impact, immune modulation, response, helminth influence on immunity, types of chronic tissue helminth infection, pathogen co-existence and immunity, and helminths and autoimmunity in mice. (educator.com)
- Blockade of eosinophil proliferation and recruitment into the lung by treatment with anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody marginally reduced mycobacterial growth within the lung but did not affect dissemination of the infection to other tissues. (asm.org)
- As blood and tissue eosinophilia induced by helminth infection is dependent on the production of the Th2 cytokine interleukin-5 (IL-5) ( 2 , 8 ), the presence of eosinophils in the cellular infiltrate at the site of mycobacterial infection strongly suggests that increased levels of IL-5 are produced in vivo during Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) infection in the absence of IFN-γ signaling. (asm.org)
- To study the effect of eosinophilia on the progression of M. bovis BCG infection in IFN-γR −/− mice, we inhibited infection-induced blood and lung eosinophilia by treatment with anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody (MAb). (asm.org)
- B Cells Produce the Tissue-Protective Protein RELMα during Helminth Infection, which Inhibits IL-17 Expression and Limits Emphysema. (nih.gov)
- Both Pf -specific memory B cells and antibody titers increased after acute malaria and then, after six months of decreased Pf exposure, contracted to a point slightly higher than pre-infection levels. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- To date, most licensed vaccines are for pathogens that induce long-lived protective antibodies after a single infection. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The study indicated that infection with gastrointestinal helminths was not a limiting factor for milk production in the organic system. (scielo.br)
- Susceptibility to Ascaris lumbricoides infection and antibody levels to this helminth are associated with polymorphisms in locus 13q33-34. (diva-portal.org)
- Allergic reactions in a small group of study participants led to the conclusion that Na-ASP-2 may interact with IgE antibodies induced by previous hookworm infection in individuals living in endemic areas, triggering this response. (eurekalert.org)
- Results: Cross-sectional analyses showed that setting (rural vs. urban) was an effect modifier for risk factors (such as location of birth, current helminth [Sm] infection and other helminthrelated factors) for atopy and clinical allergy outcomes, and for atopy-clinical allergy associations. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Although Sm infection was an important risk factor for skin prick test (SPT) reactivity and allergen-specific (as) IgE sensitisation (inversely or otherwise), definitive statistical proof for a role of helminth exposure in the observed effect modification between the two settings was not evident: helminths alone may not fully explain the differences observed. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- To obtain further insight into helminth-allergy associations, this project assessed total, Sm- and asIgE and asIgG4 and found strong positive associations with current Sm infection and atopic sensitisation (but not with ARD), but inverse associations between total IgE/ asIgE ratios, asIgG4/ asIgE ratios and SPT reactivity and asthma. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Analyses showed distinctive relationships between IgE/IgG reactivity to these motifs and Sm infection intensity and the rural (versus urban) environment, and implied that they are abundant on common allergen extracts (such as house dust mite, German cockroach and peanut extracts used in standard ImmunoCAP assays), which likely results in false diagnosis of allergic sensitisation in tropical helminth-endemic settings. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Here, immune responses induced by combinations of the bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) and the helminth Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb), which causes a murine hookworm infection and an experimental porin protein vaccine against STm, were examined. (strath.ac.uk)
- Whilst extrafollicular antibody responses were maintained in the first weeks after co-infection, the GC response was less than that in mice infected with Nb only. (strath.ac.uk)
- This suggested that prior Nb infection may modulate the induction of protective antibody responses to vaccination. (strath.ac.uk)
- Helminth infection represents a major health problem causing approximately 5 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide. (monash.edu)
- Concerns that repeated anti-helminthic treatment may lead to drug resistance render it important that vaccines are developed but will require increased understanding of the immune-mediated cellular and antibody responses to helminth infection. (monash.edu)
- Antibody levels peaked at 3 weeks post-primary infection and at 6 days post-challenge infection. (qub.ac.uk)
Infections29
- To review the findings of recent human studies of the association between helminth parasite infections and allergy and discuss their potential relevance to public health. (nih.gov)
- Infections with Trichuris trichiura in early life are associated with a reduced prevalence of allergen skin test reactivity later in life and infants of helminth-infected mothers have been reported to have a reduced prevalence of eczema. (nih.gov)
- Although helminth infections can modulate the host inflammatory response directed against the parasite, a causal association between helminths and atopic diseases remains uncertain. (nih.gov)
- Clinical and field studies of populations in endemic areas have, over many years, produced convincing evidence of individual, racial and breed variation in ability to develop resistance to helminth infections (Wakelin, 1978a). (springer.com)
- This paper is a comprehensive, concise, and an up to date review about probiotics effect and mechanisms against helminth infections of zoonotic importance. (hindawi.com)
- However, the effects of these beneficial microorganisms in helminth infections remain largely unexplored. (hindawi.com)
- State-of-the-art research on beneficial effects of bacteria on helminth infections and their proposed mechanisms of action is thoroughly discussed. (hindawi.com)
- Mental and growth stunting among children is also a big problem with helminth infections. (hindawi.com)
- Lack of protection may be due to a variety of factors, including the possibility that helminth infections are better at preventing allergy than treating it. (jimmunol.org)
- what is the response to helminth infections? (brainscape.com)
- There has been accumulating a wealth of evidence in the past decade on the physiological role of IgE: this isotype has co-evolved with basophils and mast cells in the defence against parasites like helminths (like Schistosoma) but may be also effective in bacterial infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Treat Helminth infections first, or concurrently? (cpnhelp.org)
- Helminth infections are common, cause considerable pathology, and alter a host's immune profile. (springer.com)
- Also covered are how helminth infections alter the host's ability to control TB, HIV and malarial infections along with neglected bacterial infections, such as cholera, and how endemic helminth infections are likely to alter our ability to respond to life-saving vaccination strategies. (springer.com)
- Helminth parasites are responsible for some of the most common human infections and cause significant health problems and economic difficulties in the developing areas of the world. (els.net)
- The type 2 immune response, characteristic of helminth infections, has been associated with the development of protective immunity and reduced worm burdens in infected humans. (els.net)
- This article will review these recent advances and highlight how these studies may inform the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat helminth infections and their associated morbidities. (els.net)
- Bentwich Z , Weisman Z , Moroz C , Bar‐Yehuda S and Kalinkovich A (1996) Immune dysregulation in Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: relevance to helminth infections? (els.net)
- Additionally, the database can also be used to develop protein targets for new drugs to treat helminth infections. (wikipedia.org)
- It is the only laboratory in the Czech Republic to carry out examinations for tropical parasitic infections caused by helminths. (vfn.cz)
- The price for the determination of antibodies against one agent of helminth parasitic infections is CZK 587. (vfn.cz)
- Helminth Infections Induce Tissue Tolerance Mitigating Immunopathology but Enhancing Microbial Pathogen Susceptibility. (nih.gov)
- Helminth infections and allergic diseases are associated with IgE hyperresponsiveness but the genetics of this phenotype remain to be defined. (diva-portal.org)
- since the genes encode for enzymes involved in the immune response to parasitic infections, they could be helpful for understanding helminth immunity and allergic responses. (diva-portal.org)
- Many helminth parasites are long-lived and cause chronic infections. (asm.org)
- The immune response that develops during this time often proceeds to cause pathologic changes that in many helminth infections are the primary cause of disease. (asm.org)
- The methods, devices, kits and compositions of the present invention may be used to confirm the presence or absence of roundworm, whipworm and/or hookworm in a fecal sample from a mammal and may also be able to distinguish between one or more helminth infections. (freepatentsonline.com)
- Methods: This research project obtained data on current helminth infections and allergy-related outcomes, and measured helminth- and allergen-specific antibody profiles, with immunoassays that included allergen and carbohydrate microarrays. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Streptococcal antibody tests are used for the diagnosis of antecedent infections caused by the group A streptococcus (GAS) and are particularly useful for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. (asm.org)
Responses25
- Our results suggest that helminth protein vaccine combined with FK506 induces Tfh cell for stimulating humoral immune responses and inducing long-lived humoral immunity. (hindawi.com)
- Antibody responses in plasma samples acquired at baseline and tuberculosis investigation were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ImmunoCAP ® assay. (frontiersin.org)
- Antibody responses against Mtb do correlate with, and may provide protection against, TB disease ( 12 - 17 ). (frontiersin.org)
- This may have implications in designing protocols for protein based-vaccinations aiming at eliciting antibody responses of certain protective-type isotypes. (nih.gov)
- IL-4 not only promotes the differentiation of Th2 cells but is also critical for immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 and IgE isotype-switched antibody responses. (rupress.org)
- V. Enhancement of antibody responses in vivo by allo anti-IgD is due primarily to an indirect effect on B cells. (jimmunol.org)
- Antibodies to Tp67 and Tp44 augment and sustain proliferative responses of activated T cells. (jimmunol.org)
- HIV-1 vaccine-specific responses induced by Listeria vector vaccines are maintained in mice subsequently infected with a model helminth parasite, S. (nih.gov)
- Surprisingly, we also observed enhanced antibody responses to HIV Gag in vaccinated mice subsequently infected with schistosomes. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore, the isotype and specificity of the antibodies produced by plasma cells can drive distinct immune responses. (nature.com)
- Cytokine alarmins produced in response to helminth parasites initiate distinct modules of innate immunity including ILC2 (a) and HSPC responses (b). (els.net)
- Exaggerated antibody responses in mice depleted of CD301b + DCs occurred in the absence of any adjuvants, and resulting antibodies had broader specificity and higher affinity to the immunogen. (elifesciences.org)
- Molecules called antibodies are a key component of most immune responses because they can bind to invading microbes and either neutralize them or mark them for destruction by immune cells. (elifesciences.org)
- For the development of antibody responses, DCs not only promote Tfh differentiation but also directly support B cell survival and class-switching through their expression of B cell stimulatory ligands such as BAFF and APRIL ( MacLennan and Vinuesa, 2002 ). (elifesciences.org)
- Human allergic responses are triggered when mast cells bind IgE antibodies. (semanticscholar.org)
- Correction: Cutting Edge: Helminth Coinfection Blocks Effector Differentiation of CD8 T Cells through Alternate Host Th2- and IL-10-Mediated Responses. (nih.gov)
- This inherent ability of helminths to induce Th2 responses has led to interest in them from both the perspective of elucidation of the underlying mechanisms that lead to Th2 response development and in terms of understanding Th2 response function. (asm.org)
- Compared with the urban area of Kenya, children living in the rural area had a lower percentage of body fat, smaller and fewer skin test responses to allergens, a higher prevalence of IgE antibodies to Ascaris (67% vs 26%) and 10-fold higher total IgE. (babydr.us)
- Antibodies, especially IgE, are key constituents of the analogous immune responses to helminths and allergens, and are among the chief mediators of the effector cell activation underlying ARDs. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Lead author E. van Riet (Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands) and a team of researchers analyzed antibody and cellular responses to influenza A and B strains in 33 children from a semi-urban school in Lambarn in Gabon, Africa, and 22 children from a rural area nearby. (bio-medicine.org)
- Influenza specific IL-10, TNF-alfa, and IFN-gamma responses were higher in the semi-urban children, whereas IL-5 responses were higher in the rural children , indicating a skewing toward Th2 responses in the rural children may, at least partly, be the result of the immune-modulating effects of helminths, says van Riet. (bio-medicine.org)
- The immunoglobulin G class (total IgG) and subclass (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) antibody responses to the spirurid worm Gnathostoma spinigerum were analyzed by immunoblotting technique for the antibodies' potential use in the serodiagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. (springer.com)
- Moreover, even in the absence of adjuvant, immunization with this glycosidic Tn-based vaccine induced high levels of anti-Tn antibody responses, recognizing human tumor cells. (bloodjournal.org)
- Here we dissect multiple checkpoints that operate throughout Tfh cell development and maturation to maintain immunological tolerance while mounting robust and long-lasting antibody responses. (nature.com)
- Programming the magnitude and persistence of antibody responses with innate immunity. (southernbiotech.com)
Parasites13
- Different helminth parasites may have different effects on allergy that may depend on the timing or intensity of the exposure or host genetic factors. (nih.gov)
- Therefore, the aim of the present review is to raise attention and to summarize recent findings on probiotics research against helminth parasites of zoonotic significance. (hindawi.com)
- Hence, helminth parasites are of significant concern to public health and food safety. (hindawi.com)
- [1] IgE's main function is immunity to parasites such as helminths [2] like Schistosoma mansoni , Trichinella spiralis , and Fasciola hepatica . (wikipedia.org)
- Gastrointestinal helminth parasites in stray cats from the mid-Ebro Valley, Spain. (degruyter.com)
- Effector functions of the helminth‐induced type 2 immune response also include tolerance mechanisms that mitigate tissue damage associated with trafficking of these large multicellular parasites. (els.net)
- Helminth parasites promote the production of cytokine alarmins from both epithelial cells and tissue‐resident immune cells (a). (els.net)
- Large parasites like helminths are too big to be engulfed and killed by phagocytosis . (wikipedia.org)
- Other helminth proteins promote parasite survival in other ways, particularly since parasites must depend on hosts for the supply of essential nutrients. (wikipedia.org)
- Parasites like helminths do not synthesize their own fatty acids or sterols, and are consequently dependent on their hosts for essential nutrients. (wikipedia.org)
- Immunopathogenetic Aspects of Disease Induced by Helminth Parasites. (wikipedia.org)
- Owing to the control of insect vector populations, the safe disposal of human excrement, and the availability of efficacious drugs, helminth parasites have been largely eradicated as a public health concern in developed countries. (asm.org)
- One consequence of this geopolitical segregation is that most of the world's pharmaceutical industries do not support active research and development programs on helminth parasites that cause human disease. (asm.org)
Prevalence4
- Parasitic helminth worms, such as Schistosoma mansoni , are endemic in regions with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) among the population. (jci.org)
- This supported a role for helminth-induced antibodies in individual positive helminth-atopy associations, and for the IgG4-IgE balance and the total IgE-allergen-specific IgE balance in the low overall prevalence of clinical allergies in such settings. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- ABSTRACT To determine the prevalence of helminth eggs in public places and children's playgrounds, 112 soil samples were collected in 26 sites in Shiraz, southern Islamic Republic of Iran, during September 2002-September 2003. (who.int)
- As there is a large population of stray dogs and cats in Shiraz and no studies have been made on the extent of contamination of the environment with helminth eggs, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of helminth eggs in public places and playgrounds. (who.int)
Parasite5
- I. Parasite biomass and antibody response in three strains of inbred mice against graded doses of Echinococcus multilocularis cyst. (springer.com)
- To unambiguously identify and localize Th2 cells and IL-4 production in the reactive lymph nodes in vivo, we infected IL-4 dual reporter mice ( 20 ), in which cells that express IL-4 are marked by GFP and IL-4-producing subsets additionally display surface huCD2, with the mouse gastrointestinal helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus . (rupress.org)
- In our model, mice are vaccinated against HIV-1 Gag using a Listeria vaccine vector (Lm-Gag) in a prime-boost manner, then infected with the human helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni. (nih.gov)
- The immune cell effector functions stimulated by helminths include innate and adaptive components that mediate resistance and elimination of the parasite. (els.net)
- In the current study, we investigated the capacity of human macrophages to recognize and attack larval stages of Ascaris suum, a natural porcine parasite that is genetically similar to the human helminth Ascaris lumbricoides. (monash.edu)
Ascaris4
- Finally, conditioned media from human MΦ stimulated with infective larvae of the helminth Ascaris suum together with immune serum, promoted CXCR2-dependent scratch wound closure by human MF in vitro. (monash.edu)
- IgG titers against the endemic helminth Ascaris lumbricoides increased from baseline to QFT re-testing in all infants. (frontiersin.org)
- Atopy, asthma, and antibodies to Ascaris among rural and urban children in Kenya. (babydr.us)
- Human macrophages were able to adhere to and trap A suum larvae in the presence of either human or pig serum containing Ascaris-specific antibodies and other factors. (monash.edu)
Soil-transmitted helminths1
- The role of the gut microbiota during coinfection with soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and Plasmodium spp. (asm.org)
Abstract2
- Abstract Helminths, as complex pathogens, possess a large number of different epitopes, some of which may be similar to the epitopes of the host. (medworm.com)
- ABSTRACT Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread helminth zoonosis, especially in rural areas. (who.int)
Immunology1
- It is more critical now, than ever, to address questions around helminth vaccine development," said Jeffrey M. Bethony, PhD, professor of microbiology, immunology, and tropical medicine at the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences. (eurekalert.org)
Serum9
- Moreover, in patients with pulmonary TB, lung damage correlated with increased serum activity of arginase-1, which was elevated in TB patients coinfected with helminths. (jci.org)
- Neuroimaging and specific T. solium cysticercosis antibody detection results are at the mainstay of this diagnosis, while antigen detection in serum has never been included. (nih.gov)
- The B158/B60 monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of circulating cysticercus antigen was carried out retrospectively on serum samples collected during a hospital-based study from 83 people with epilepsy (PWE) in an endemic area. (nih.gov)
- Antiserum: Antiserum: Serology: Serology: Gamma Globulins: Globulins: Fraction of serum that contains most of the antibodies. (scribd.com)
- Serum containing antibodies to a specific antigen(s). (scribd.com)
- A ratio to serum antibody greater than 3.0 is diagnostic. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- The immunoglobulins derive their name from the finding that they migrate with globular proteins when antibody-containing serum is placed in an electrical field. (slideserve.com)
- This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of a pair of polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) raised against Fasciola CL antigen for detection of circulating Fasciola antigen using sandwich ELISA and dot-ELISA in serum samples of sheep naturally infected with Fasciola . (scialert.net)
- Children (mean age, 11 years) from Kabati (n = 136), a rural village, and Thika (n = 129), a small town, were studied by skin testing and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody measurement. (babydr.us)
Intestinal helminth1
- Here, we used the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model to examine if the intestinal helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus and its excretory/secretory products (HES) are able to suppress inflammatory disease. (medworm.com)
Mice8
- Continuous Delivery of Neutralizing Antibodies Elevate CCL2 Levels in Mice Bearing MCF10CA1d Breast Tumor Xenografts. (abcam.com)
- Local variation in helminth burdens of Egyptian spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus dimidiatus) from ecologically similar sites: relationships with hormone concentrations and social behaviour. (semanticscholar.org)
- Populations of Egyptian spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus dimidiatus) in a fragmented montane wadi system in the Sinai showed significant differences in the abundance of gut helminths. (semanticscholar.org)
- Variation in the helminth community structure in spiny mice (Acomys dimidiatus) from four montane wadis in the St Katherine region of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. (semanticscholar.org)
- Other experiments that depleted some other types of dendritic cell - but not those that produce CD301b - completely abolished the antibody response of the mice. (elifesciences.org)
- Despite altered control of bacterial and helminth colonization in co-infected mice, robust extrafollicular Th1 and Th2-reflecting immunoglobulin-switching profiles were detected, with IgG2a, IgG1 and IgE plasma cells all detected in parallel. (strath.ac.uk)
- To assess this we immunized mice with porins, which confer protection in an antibody-dependent manner, before challenging with STm. (strath.ac.uk)
- Martin RM, Brady JL, Lew AM. The need for IgG2c specific antiserum when isotyping antibodies from C57BL/6 and NOD mice. (southernbiotech.com)
Specificity2
- Generation of hybridomas secreting murine reaginic antibodies of anti-DNP specificity. (semanticscholar.org)
- The total IgG antibody to an antigenic band of approximately 24 kDa from a somatic extract of G. spinigerum advanced third-stage larvae (GS24) gave the highest sensitivity (91.6%) and 87.8% specificity. (springer.com)
Endemic2
- This book reviews how host immunity to helminths alters our ability to respond to the major pathogens that exist in helminth endemic regions. (springer.com)
- Samples used were collected from Ugandan participants of three cross-sectional surveys: the baseline and outcome surveys of a cluster-randomised trial of intensive versus standard anthelminthic treatment in rural Schistosoma mansoni (Sm)-endemic islands, and a parallel survey in proximate urban communities with lower helminth exposure. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Immunoglobulin4
- Immunoglobulin E ( IgE ) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) " isotype ") that has only been found in mammals . (wikipedia.org)
- ADCC requires an effector cell which classically is known to be natural killer (NK) cells that typically interact with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- An antibody ( Ab ), also known as an immunoglobulin ( Ig ), [1] is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses . (wikipedia.org)
- Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily . (wikipedia.org)
Antigen-antibody3
- Suppression and contrasuppression in the induction of contact sensitivity by the administration of cellbound antigen-antibody complexes. (jimmunol.org)
- Many other blood grouping systems based either on membrane or sera antigen antibody interactions have also been discovered. (dadamo.com)
- Each Fc region of a particular antibody isotype is able to bind to its specific Fc Receptor (except for IgD, which is essentially the BCR), thus allowing the antigen-antibody complex to mediate different roles depending on which FcR it binds. (wikipedia.org)
Monoclonal antibodies1
- Further differences in lymphokine synthesis between Th1 and Th2 clones revealed by RNA hybridization, functionally monospecific bioassays, and monoclonal antibodies. (els.net)
Murine2
- IL-4 or antibody-activated murine macrophages are known to immobilize parasitic nematode larvae, but few studies have addressed whether this is translatable to human macrophages. (monash.edu)
- Lambert SL, Okada CY, Levy R. TCR vaccines against a murine T cell lymphoma: a primary role for antibodies of the IgG2c class in tumor protection. (southernbiotech.com)
Vaccine4
- For an HIV vaccine to produce bnAbs, immunization with a single strain of antigen will likely not suffice as it would lead AM to produce strain-specific antibodies. (elifesciences.org)
- Strong antibody response is considered a hallmark of a successful vaccine. (elifesciences.org)
- 3. Develop vaccine potency assays that do not rely on the traditional immunization-challenge potency model (as used for vaccines against pertussis, diphtheria, and rabies) as neither helminth pathogen induce reliable mortality in an animal model nor do these vaccines induce sterilizing protection. (eurekalert.org)
- Creating a helminth vaccine is arduous. (eurekalert.org)
Proteins12
- Antibodies can then bind to these viral proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- Next, the NK cells which have Fc Receptors will bind to that antibody, inducing the NK cell to release proteins such as perforin and proteases known as granzymes , which causes the lysis of the infected cell to hinder the spread of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
- Despite their pathogenic properties, helminth proteins have potential to be co-opted to treat a number of other human diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Helminth proteins modulate the immune response of their hosts, but do not suppress it entirely. (wikipedia.org)
- Schistosome proteins also contain abundant proteases which and cleave IgE antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
- The Helminth Secretome Database (HSD) is a repository for helminth proteins predicted using expressed sequence tags (ESTs). (wikipedia.org)
- Previously identified ESTs, which correspond to known helminth proteins, are used to predict the location and function of newly discovered helminth proteins based on genomic sequencing. (wikipedia.org)
- Given the modulatory properties of helminth proteins, it has been suggested that they may be co-opted to successfully treat other human diseases, particularly those associated with auto-immunity disorders. (wikipedia.org)
- Eliciting antibodies that are cross reactive with surface proteins of diverse strains of highly mutable pathogens (e.g. (elifesciences.org)
- The method, termed single-cell metabolic regulome profiling (scMEP), quantifies proteins that regulate metabolic pathway activity using high-dimensional antibody-based technologies. (stanford.edu)
- Antibodies play a key role in protection from malaria, yet several studies indicate that antibodies against some Pf proteins are generated inefficiently and lost rapidly. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- GST (Glutathione S-Transferase) is a 26kDa protein encoded by the parasitic helminth Schistosoma japonicum and widely used in the pGEX family of GST plasmid expression vectors as a fusion protein with foreign proteins. (abcam.com)
Schistosoma1
- Recognizes Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), a 26-kDa protein encoded by the parasitic helminth Schistosoma japonicum. (abcam.com)
Pathogens2
- Protection conferred by most clinically efficacious vaccines against their target pathogens requires a protective antibody response ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Helminths trigger a specific type of immune response different from that induced by microbial pathogens. (els.net)
Induce1
- We will review the current evidence that helminths induce regulatory immune circuits that suppress aberrant inflammation and may be useful clinically to treat immune-mediated disease. (springer.com)
Enzyme-linke2
- In the present study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standardized with vesicular fluid of Taenia solium cysticerci was used to screen for IgG (total and subclasses) and IgE antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with neurocysticercosis showing intrathecal production of specific IgG antibodies and patients with other neurological disorders. (scielo.br)
- Dharmkrong-at A, Migasena S, Suntharasamai P, Bunnag D, Priwan R, Sirisinha S (1986) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to Gnathostoma antigen in patients with intermittent cutaneous migratory swelling. (springer.com)
Pathogen3
- Antibody production is critical for pathogen clearance. (hindawi.com)
- These receptors recognize and bind to the Fc portion of an antibody , such as IgG , which has bound to the surface of a pathogen -infected target cell. (wikipedia.org)
- The antibody recognizes a unique molecule of the pathogen, called an antigen , via the Fab's variable region . (wikipedia.org)
Parasitic worms2
- Helminths are parasitic worms, an evolutionarily ancient and diverse group of metazoan organisms, which include cestode tapeworms, nematode roundworms, and trematode flukes. (hindawi.com)
- [3] However, macrophages , neutrophils and eosinophils can also mediate ADCC, such as eosinophils killing certain parasitic worms known as helminths via IgE antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
ELISA1
- The antibody response to each peptide was measured by ELISA. (slideserve.com)
Induces2
- Together, our data indicate that helminth coinfection induces arginase-1-expressing type 2 granulomas, thereby increasing inflammation and TB disease severity. (jci.org)
- The first exposure to the antigen induces the production of IgE antibodies (cytotropic antibodies, reagin) that bind to receptors on mast cells and basophils. (thefreedictionary.com)
Effects of helminths1
- We will consider the effective eradication of helminths during this time period and the effects of helminths on immunity. (springer.com)
Suggest that helminth1
- Human studies suggest that helminth coinfections contribute to increased TB susceptibility and increased rates of TB reactivation. (jci.org)
Response to helminths1
- Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mammalian immune response to helminths, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that promote type 2 immunity remain to be fully defined. (els.net)
Immunity to helminths1
- Allen JE and Maizels RM (2011) Diversity and dialogue in immunity to helminths. (els.net)
Protein3
- A helminth protein, or helminthic antigen, is a protein derived from a parasitic worm that causes an immune reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the first recombinant larval helminth vaccines tested in humans was the 21.3 kDa N. americanus Ancylostoma Secreted Protein-2 (Na-ASP-2). (eurekalert.org)
- Though the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, a small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable, allowing millions of antibodies with slightly different tip structures, or antigen-binding sites, to exist. (wikipedia.org)
Mechanisms4
- These results also provide insight into the mechanisms by which helminth coinfections drive increased susceptibility, disease progression, and severity in TB. (jci.org)
- Human monocyte adherence to cultured vascular endothelium: monoclonal antibody-defined mechanisms. (jimmunol.org)
- Mechanisms by which several of these helminth-derived immunosuppressive "drugs" function have been elucidated, and generally appear to be adapted for specific host species. (evmedreview.com)
- Conclusions: The current PhD research provides important insight into mechanisms underlying the complex epidemiological helminth-allergy trends in LICs. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Tissue3
- [7] Soluble antibodies are released into the blood and tissue fluids, as well as many secretions to continue to survey for invading microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
- When antibodies from these reactive bands were eluted and tested by IFA they all gave identical binding patterns: on juvenile fluke sections tegumental syncytium, tegumental cells and gut cells were labelled, while on adult sections the same antibodies labelled gut cells, reproductive tissue, excretory ducts and flame cells. (qub.ac.uk)
- Frozen human lung tissue section was stained with anti-DC-SIGN followed by an AP conjugated secondary antibody and New Fucshin. (southernbiotech.com)
Production of antibodies1
- [4] The production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system . (wikipedia.org)
Humoral1
- Antibodies are central to malaria immunity, yet little is known about the B-cell biology that underlies the inefficient acquisition of Pf -specific humoral immunity. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Mast cells1
- Anaphylaxis Hypersensitivity reaction involving IgE antibodies, mast cells and basophils. (coursehero.com)
Diverse group of metazoan organisms1
- Parasitic helminths, or worms, comprise a diverse group of metazoan organisms that infect billions of people and their domesticated animals worldwide ( 22 ). (asm.org)
Differentiation1
- The BCR is found only on the surface of B cells and facilitates the activation of these cells and their subsequent differentiation into either antibody factories called plasma cells or memory B cells that will survive in the body and remember that same antigen so the B cells can respond faster upon future exposure. (wikipedia.org)
Larval1
- Intermediate Host An organism that harbors the larval or asexual stage of helminth or protozoan. (coursehero.com)
Hypersensitivity1
- 2. occasionally, any form of hypersensitivity in which antibodies, rather than T lymphocytes, are the primary mediators, i.e., types I-III. (thefreedictionary.com)
Titers increased1
- Following vaccination, influenza virus HI antibody titers increased in both the rural and the semi-urban schoolchildren, but reached significantly higher levels in the semi-urban schoolchildren. (bio-medicine.org)
Primary Antibodies1
- Primary Antibodies are guaranteed for 1 year from date of receipt. (novusbio.com)
Bind6
- Antigen Any substance that can bind to an antibody or T cell receptor. (slideserve.com)
- The "valency" of antibody refers to the number of antigenic determinants that an individual antibody molecule can bind. (slideserve.com)
- Antibodies are said to bind to certain sites as well. (infobarrel.com)
- [2] [3] Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision. (wikipedia.org)
- The ability of an antibody to bind to its corresponding FcR is further modulated by the structure of the glycan(s) present at conserved sites within its Fc region. (wikipedia.org)
- [4] The ability of antibodies to bind to FcRs helps to direct the appropriate immune response for each different type of foreign object they encounter. (wikipedia.org)
Role for antibodies1
- A casecontrol study on asthma among schoolchildren enabled assessment of a role for antibodies in allergic disease. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Vaccination2
- This inefficient, stepwise expansion of both the Pf -specific memory B-cell and long-lived antibody compartments depends on Pf exposure rather than age, based on the comparator response to tetanus vaccination that was efficient and stable. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The group found that H1N1, H3N2 and B influenza virus-specific antibodies were already present in the majority of sera before vaccination indicating that influenza strains have already been circulating in Gabon. (bio-medicine.org)
Diseases5
- Despite zoonotic helminth diseases being still a challenge to the public health and the agriculture industries globally, they were still neglected in both human and veterinary medicine. (hindawi.com)
- Consequently, the use of beneficial microorganisms, probiotics, is becoming interesting for its prophylactic or therapeutic application against several diseases including helminths. (hindawi.com)
- Although components of the biome other than helminths may be important in this plague of diseases, a wide range of studies in rodents and emerging observations in humans demonstrate consistently that helminths are the component of the biome that is most missed by our immune system in post-industrial culture (Capron et al. (evmedreview.com)
- In autoimmune diseases, antibodies may also target the body's own cells, with the result that the immune system mistakenly attacks tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)
- This also led to the antibodies behaving in exaggerated ways, as can occur in autoimmune diseases. (elifesciences.org)
Detection1
- Blood samples from 3446 individuals from 700 randomly selected families were examined for detection of antibody against Echinococcus granu- losus. (who.int)
Gastrointestinal1
- The main aim of this study was to determine the distribution of populations of gastrointestinal helminths in lactating crossbred cows and calves during the grazing season in an organic milk production system. (scielo.br)
Interactions2
- In vivo DC-targeting strategies, based on Tn-MGL interactions, constitute a promising strategy for enhancing antigen presentation and inducing potent antibody response. (bloodjournal.org)
- The ability of an antibody to communicate with the other components of the immune system is mediated via its Fc region (located at the base of the "Y"), which contains a conserved glycosylation site involved in these interactions. (wikipedia.org)
Populations1
- Although populations in tropical low-income countries (LICs), and in rural (compared to urban) settings, seem to be remarkably protected, the trends are fast changing as these communities undergo an epidemiological transition exemplified by changing helminth exposure patterns. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Produce antibodies2
- Immune cells called T follicular helper cells activate the cells that produce antibodies, the B cells. (elifesciences.org)
- 8 Furthermore, once self-reactive B cells have been vaguely selected in germinal centres, their differentiated offspring can live and produce antibodies unchecked, subject to virtually no further control. (nature.com)