Epitope Mapping: Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.Epitopes: Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Binding Sites, Antibody: Local surface sites on antibodies which react with antigen determinant sites on antigens (EPITOPES.) They are formed from parts of the variable regions of FAB FRAGMENTS.Antibodies, Neutralizing: Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.Chromosome Mapping: Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.Cross Reactions: Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte: Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the B-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the B-cell receptor are located on the surface of the antigen.Antibody Formation: The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.Peptide Library: A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide.Immunodominant Epitopes: Subunits of the antigenic determinant that are most easily recognized by the immune system and thus most influence the specificity of the induced antibody.Antibody Affinity: A measure of the binding strength between antibody and a simple hapten or antigen determinant. It depends on the closeness of stereochemical fit between antibody combining sites and antigen determinants, on the size of the area of contact between them, and on the distribution of charged and hydrophobic groups. It includes the concept of "avidity," which refers to the strength of the antigen-antibody bond after formation of reversible complexes.Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Neutralization Tests: The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).Peptide Fragments: Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.HIV Antibodies: Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS.Autoantibodies: Antibodies that react with self-antigens (AUTOANTIGENS) of the organism that produced them.Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte: Antigenic determinants recognized and bound by the T-cell receptor. Epitopes recognized by the T-cell receptor are often located in the inner, unexposed side of the antigen, and become accessible to the T-cell receptors after proteolytic processing of the antigen.Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.Mice, Inbred BALB CPeptide Mapping: Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.Peptides: Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.Binding, Competitive: The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.Antigen-Antibody Reactions: The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.Immunoglobulin G: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic: Antibodies which react with the individual structural determinants (idiotopes) on the variable region of other antibodies.Hybridomas: Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent cell.Autoantigens: Endogenous tissue constituents that have the ability to interact with AUTOANTIBODIES and cause an immune response.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Antigen-Antibody Complex: The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Antigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.Recombinant Fusion Proteins: Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.Protein Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Antigens, Viral: Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments: Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Antibodies, Neoplasm: Immunoglobulins induced by antigens specific for tumors other than the normally occurring HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS.Immunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Antibodies, Protozoan: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.Protein Structure, Tertiary: The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.Immune Sera: Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.Antibodies, Antinuclear: Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Immunoblotting: Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.T-Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.Viral Envelope Proteins: Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.Immunoglobulin M: A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.HIV Antigens: Antigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) antigens.Antibodies, Fungal: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.Molecular Weight: The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.Surface Plasmon Resonance: A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.Antigens, Surface: Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.HIV Envelope Protein gp120: External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. It has a molecular weight of 120 kDa and contains numerous glycosylation sites. Gp120 binds to cells expressing CD4 cell-surface antigens, most notably T4-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Gp120 has been shown to interfere with the normal function of CD4 and is at least partly responsible for the cytopathic effect of HIV.Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel: Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.Membrane Glycoproteins: Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.HIV-1: The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Single-Chain Antibodies: A form of antibodies consisting only of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains (FV FRAGMENTS), connected by a small linker peptide. They are less immunogenic than complete immunoglobulin and thus have potential therapeutic use.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Immunoglobulin Variable Region: That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Antibodies, Bispecific: Antibodies, often monoclonal, in which the two antigen-binding sites are specific for separate ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS. They are artificial antibodies produced by chemical crosslinking, fusion of HYBRIDOMA cells, or by molecular genetic techniques. They function as the main mediators of targeted cellular cytotoxicity and have been shown to be efficient in the targeting of drugs, toxins, radiolabeled haptens, and effector cells to diseased tissue, primarily tumors.Allergens: Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).B-Lymphocytes: Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.Immunoglobulin E: An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).Antibodies, Blocking: Antibodies that inhibit the reaction between ANTIGEN and other antibodies or sensitized T-LYMPHOCYTES (e.g., antibodies of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G class that compete with IGE antibodies for antigen, thereby blocking an allergic response). Blocking antibodies that bind tumors and prevent destruction of tumor cells by CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES have also been called enhancing antibodies. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989)Restriction Mapping: Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.Antigens, Plant: Substances found in PLANTS that have antigenic activity.Sequence Alignment: The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.Protein Array Analysis: Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.Mice, Inbred C57BLProtein Structure, Secondary: The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.Glycoproteins: Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.Lymphocyte Activation: Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.Mutagenesis, Site-Directed: Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.Oligopeptides: Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.Viral Proteins: Proteins found in any species of virus.Microscopy, Immunoelectron: Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.Antibodies, Heterophile: Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification.Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect: A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)Antigens: Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.Immunoglobulin A: Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.Antibodies, Catalytic: Antibodies that can catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions. They are characterized by high substrate specificity and share many mechanistic features with enzymes.Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins: Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic: A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.Brain Mapping: Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.Capsid Proteins: Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.Antigens, Neoplasm: Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.Gene Library: A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized: Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic: Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Amino Acid Substitution: The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Chickens: Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.DNA, Complementary: Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
Rashna Bhandari
Collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20035265 - Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-specific monoclonal antibodies: production and epitope...
Pair-wise Epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies - Innovations Report
Proteome-wide Epitope Mapping of Antibodies Using Ultra-dense Peptide Arrays | Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
Proteome-wide Epitope Mapping of Antibodies Using Ultra-dense Peptide Arrays | Molecular & Cellular Proteomics
Characterization and epitope mapping of Dengue virus type 1 specific monoclonal antibodies. | Sigma-Aldrich
Epitope mapping of LB509, a monoclonal antibody directed against human alpha-synuclein
A model study of the use of monoclonal antibodies in capture enzyme immunoassays for antigen quantification exploiting the...
Mapping Neutralizing Antibody Epitope Specificities to an HIV Env Trimer in Immunized and in Infected Rhesus Macaques by...
Epitope mapping and characterization of a novel CD4-induced human monoclonal antibody capable of neutralizing primary HIV-1...
Antibodies | Free Full-Text | Kinetic Analysis and Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Salmonella Typhimurium Flagellin...
Epitope mapping of antibodies to VlsE protein of Borrelia burgdorferi in post-Lyme disease syndrome. - Prohealth
Epitope mapping studies with human anti-cytochrome P450 3A antibodies. | Molecular Pharmacology
Epitope mapping of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies using bacterial cell surface display
Mapping Tumor Epitope Space by Direct Selection of Single-Chain Fv Antibody Libraries on Prostate Cancer Cells | Cancer Research
Epitope mapping and characterization of a novel CD4 induced human monoclonal antibody capable of neutralizing primary HIV 1...
Vaccination of sheep against Fasciola hepatica with glutathione S-transferase. Identification and mapping of antibody epitopes...
Inhibitory Anti-CYP3A4 Peptide Antibody: Mapping of Inhibitory Epitope and Specificity Toward Other CYP3A Isoforms | Drug...
Epitope mapping of the influenza A virus RNA polymerase PA using monoclonal antibodies, Archives of Virology | 10.1007...
Mapping the epitope of a functional P-selectin monoclonal antibody (LYP20) to a short complement-like repeat (SCR 4) domain:...
Antibody Mapping of the Linear Epitopes of CMY-2 and SHV-1 β-Lactamases | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Mapping of Epitopes Recognized by Antibodies Induced by Immunization of Mice with PspA and PspC | Clinical and Vaccine...
Proteomic Mapping and Molecular Modelling of Avian H5N1 Influenza Antigen Epitopes Targeted by Human Antibodies - Research...
Epitopes described in Epitope mapping of antibodies to VlsE protein of Borrelia burgdorferi in post-Lyme disease syndrome. -...
Antibodies targeting epitopes on the cell-surface form of NS1 protect against Zika virus infection during pregnancy | Nature...
Exposure of cryptic epitopes on transthyretin only in amyloid and in amyloidogenic mutants | PNAS
Expression of recombinant porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) capsid polypeptides for mapping antibody epitopes following vaccination,...
Phage display and peptide mapping of an immunoglobulin light chain fibril-related conformational epitope
Identification of a New Epitope in uPAR as a Target for the Cancer Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody ATN-658, a Structural...
Antibody response against koala retrovirus (KoRV) in koalas harboring KoRV-A in the presence or absence of KoRV-B | Scientific...
MAbsDistinctImmuneOverlapping peptidesAntigenVaccineCell epitopesFragmentsTumorConformational epitopeMass spectrometryAffinityIncluding antibody responsesBroadlyInfectionReagentsImmunogenSpecificitiesIdentificationInhibitionBindAntigensMolecularLinear peptideReactivityPhage display librariesImmunodominantPanel of human monoclonalSpecificAmino acidVaccinesDifferent epitopesMonoclonal-antibody-basedAnti-alpha-synucleinHuman monoclonal antibodyProtectiveClinicalFive monoclonal antibodiesRecognitionBound
MAbs1
- In all animal species thus far studied, anti-Sm Abs initially recognize proline-rich epitopes in the carboxyl terminus of the Sm-B/B' protein and subsequently to multiple other epitopes in B/B' and D. The absence of appropriate mAbs has limited our understanding of the genetic and structural basis of this autoimmune response. (uthscsa.edu)
Distinct1
- Epitope mapping and genetic studies revealed that the anti-Sm response is produced by distinct B cell clones with restricted epitope reactivity. (uthscsa.edu)
Immune1
- On the aggregate, our results demonstrate that combinatorial libraries can recapitulate the immune repertoire of peripheral blood B memory cells and that epitope spreading appears to occur through the sequential recruitment of nonclonally related autoreactive B cell clones. (uthscsa.edu)
Overlapping peptides5
- Here, we describe, for the first time, the design and use of peptide arrays covering all human proteins for the analysis of antibody specificity, based on parallel in situ photolithic synthesis of a total of 2.1 million overlapping peptides. (mcponline.org)
- Epitope mapping was carried out using microarrays that contained synthesized overlapping peptides covering the full sequence of VlsE from B. burgdorferi B31. (prohealth.com)
- With the use of overlapping peptides covering the predicted amino acid sequences of four FhGST cDNAs, we have defined the linear epitopes recognized by polyclonal antibody from sheep vaccinated with FhGST. (jimmunol.org)
- These overlapping peptides are assayed for binding reactivity, and the sequence common to the reactive peptides, the consensus sequence, is the epitope ( 8 ). (asm.org)
- The ADCC epitopes were mapped using the matrix of overlapping peptides. (frontiersin.org)
Antigen17
- Epitope mapping is a powerful tool in analysing the surface topography of an antigen. (innovations-report.com)
- The binding of an antibody to the antigen defines a specific binding site or epitope which sterically interferes with the binding of another antibody which has the same or a closely located binding site. (innovations-report.com)
- A model study of the use of monoclonal antibodies in capture enzyme immunoassays for antigen quantification exploiting the epitope map of tick-born. (nih.gov)
- Hence, we aimed to compare the binding kinetics of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and their relative binding sites to flagellin antigen using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. (mdpi.com)
- Here, we describe a high-resolution method for mapping epitopes of antibodies based on bacterial surface expression of antigen fragments followed by antibody-based flow cytometric sorting. (diva-portal.org)
- Epitopes are determined by DNA sequencing of the sorted antibody-binding cells followed by sequence alignment back to the antigen sequence. (diva-portal.org)
- Identification and mapping of antibody epitopes on a three-dimensional model of the antigen. (jimmunol.org)
- Because the corresponding sequence in CYP3A5 (L N D K QKH) and CYP3A7 (L KE TQKH) differs from CYP3A4 by only two amino acids, six peptides with either one or two amino acid changes were used to determine which amino acid is essential for antibody-antigen interaction. (aspetjournals.org)
- In the SPOTs method, antibody-reactive epitopes are mapped on an antigen with known amino acid sequence. (asm.org)
- Antigen peptides represent specific epitopes for stimulation of T cells in T cell assays such as ELISPOT. (jpt.com)
- Mapping studies with the E1 antigen using an additional five monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that the two strongest inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (18A9 and 21C3) shared the same binding region on E1, whereas the third strongest inhibitor (15A9) displayed an epitope region that overlapped the previous two on the E1 subunit. (researchwithnj.com)
- The detection of serum IgG anti-p53 antibodies provides indirect evidence that the immune response to p53 is antigen driven and involves T-helper cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- Identifiseringen av en antigen epitop av immunsystemet åpner for forståelsen av den beskyttende mekanisme av nøytraliserende antistoffer som kan fremme utvikling av vaksiner og peptid narkotika. (jove.com)
- With a high affinity (K Dapp = 1.3 × 10 -8 M) and no cross-reactivity to either sialyl-Tn epitope or blood group A antigens, scFv G2-D11 is an excellent candidate for a well-defined anti-Tn-antigen reagent. (up.pt)
- The observed staining was localized to the cytoplasm and in some cases to the membrane, whereas the surrounding tissue was completely negative demonstrating the usefulness of the novel Tn-antigen binding antibody. (up.pt)
- However, it remains to be seen whether high-titered and cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies will be produced by active immunization with a novel viral antigen. (asm.org)
- In this study, we attempted to develop a sequential immunization strategy that has proven to be effective at eliciting neutralization antibodies to primary HIV-1 by targeting the HIV-1 Env V3 neutralization epitope site as a model antigen. (asm.org)
Vaccine15
- These findings provide useful information and suggest a possible strategy for the development and design of an improved abrin-based vaccine and therapeutic antibodies. (jpt.com)
- This antibody could be used as a reagent for functional studies of p53, or it may be a candidate for use as an anticancer idiotypic vaccine. (aacrjournals.org)
- Fc-mediated functions of Env-specific antibodies, such as antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC), correlated with protection against HIV infection in an RV 144 phase III HIV vaccine trial ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Hence, screening for the identification of the topographical repertoire of B-cell epitopes that elicit cross-protective immune response seems essential in the engineering of a superior PspA-based vaccine. (frontiersin.org)
- Herein, we revisit epitope identification in PspA and the utility of hybridoma technology in directing the identification of protective epitope regions of PspA that can be used in vaccine research. (frontiersin.org)
- Nevertheless, the identification of three novel antibody specificities within the MPER supports its further study as a promising target for vaccine design. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies has been one of the most pursued outcomes in the development of a preventive vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The MPER has attracted considerable attention as a potential target for vaccine-induced broadly neutralizing antibodies ( 20 , 23 , 24 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Kirkley J.E., Naylor P.H., Marciani D.J., Kensil C.R., Newman M., Goldstein A.L. (1992) QS-21 Augments the Antibody Response to a Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Compared to Alum. (springer.com)
- These results demonstrate that sequential immunization with B-cell epitope peptides may contribute to a humoral immune-based HIV vaccine strategy. (asm.org)
- Indeed, they help lay the groundwork for the development of HIV-1 vaccine strategies that use sequential immunization with biologically relevant peptides to overcome difficulties associated with otherwise poorly immunogenic epitopes. (asm.org)
- We previously reported that the A β peptide vaccine including the T-cell epitope of diphtheria-tetanus combined toxoid (DT) induced anti-A β antibodies, and the prior immunization with conventional DT vaccine enhanced the immunogenicity of the peptide. (hindawi.com)
- The peptide vaccine induced anti-A β antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys and guinea pigs without chemical adjuvants, and excessive immune responses were not observed. (hindawi.com)
- The peptide vaccine could induce a similar binding profile of anti-A β antibodies in cynomolgus monkeys and guinea pigs. (hindawi.com)
- For example, the vaccine against hepatitis B does not elicit an antibody response in approximately 10% of vaccines, and the percentage of nonresponders is substantially higher in immunocompromised persons ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Cell epitopes6
- In addition to the previously characterized IR6 region in the variable domain, specific sequences in the N- and C-terminal invariable domains of VlsE were found to be major B cell epitopes in affected patients. (prohealth.com)
- A comparison of epitopes on FhGST with the B cell epitopes on Sm28, a 28-kDa GST from Schistosoma mansoni, has found few similarities. (jimmunol.org)
- We evaluated the amino acid sequence of β-lactamase from Enterobacter cloacae for the presence of human T-cell epitopes using a cell-based proliferation assay using samples from 65 community donors. (aacrjournals.org)
- β-Lactamase was found to contain four CD4 + T-cell epitopes. (aacrjournals.org)
- The linear B-cell epitopes within the VlsE IR6 peptide were previously mapped using sera from experimentally infected monkeys, from mice, and from humans clinically diagnosed with Lyme disease using an overlapping peptide technique. (asm.org)
- An approach to the identification of T cell epitopes in the genomic era: application to Francisella tularensis. (rochester.edu)
Fragments6
- Since linear epitopes of PspA were not protective, larger overlapping fragments containing 100 amino acids of PspA of strain Rx1 were constructed (fragments 1 to 7, numbered from the N terminus) to permit the mapping of antibodies with conformational epitopes not represented in the peptide arrays. (asm.org)
- Antibodies from mice immunized with fragments 1, 2, 4, and 5 were capable of binding onto the surface of pneumococci and mediating protection against a lethal challenge. (asm.org)
- The fact that immunization of mice with 100-amino-acid fragments located at the more conserved N-terminal region of PspA (fragments 1 and 2) induced protection against a pneumococcal challenge indicates that the induction of antibodies against conformational epitopes present at this region may be important in strategies for inducing broad protection against pneumococci. (asm.org)
- Monoclonal antibodies raised in mice were used to immunoscreen random ADAMTS13 peptide fragments expressed by Lambda gt 11 bacteriophage. (kzoo.edu)
- The ADAMTS13 fragments to which each monoclonal antibody bound were identified by sequencing the corresponding Lambda gt 11 cDNA, and the minimal linear peptide sequence necessary for antibody recognition and binding was determined. (kzoo.edu)
- Our human anti-CEA IgG2κ is a promising candidate for radioimmunotherapy in intact form, as F(ab') 2 fragments, or as a bispecific antibody. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor13
- By selecting human antibody gene diversity libraries directly on the surface of prostate cancer cells, we have taken a functional approach to identifying fully human, tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies without prior knowledge of their target antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
- Selection conditions have been optimized to favor tumor-specific antibody binding and internalization. (aacrjournals.org)
- These tumor-specific internalizing antibodies are likely to be useful for targeted therapeutics either alone or in combination with effector molecules. (aacrjournals.org)
- The antigens they bind constitute a tumor-specific internalizing epitope space that is likely to play a significant role in cancer cell homeostasis. (aacrjournals.org)
- Targeting components of this epitope space may facilitate development of immunotherapeutic and small molecule-based strategies as well as the use of other therapeutic agents that rely upon delivery to the interior of the tumor cell. (aacrjournals.org)
- Peptide microarrays that display overlapping peptide scans through antigens from infectious organisms or tumor associated antigens for antibody or serum profiling. (jpt.com)
- As a first step in understanding the anti-tumor activity of ATN-658, we set out to identify the epitope on uPAR to which ATN-658 binds. (plos.org)
- These studies reveal a new functional epitope on uPAR involved in tumor progression and demonstrate a previously unrecognized strategy for the therapeutic targeting of uPAR. (plos.org)
- Human antibodies have been isolated against a number of tumor antigens, including p53 (18) , and these human anti-p53 antibodies were shown to bind with high affinity to an epitope between residues 27 and 44 of the NH 2 terminus of p53. (aacrjournals.org)
- Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) delivers chemotherapeutic agents in high concentration to tumor tissue while minimizing systemic drug exposure. (aacrjournals.org)
- a ) an antibody fragment that binds selectively to tumor tissue and ( b ) an enzyme domain that catalyzes the conversion of a nontoxic prodrug to an active drug at the tumor site. (aacrjournals.org)
- A broadly applicable approach to T cell epitope identification: application to improving tumor associated epitopes and identifying epitopes in complex pathogens. (rochester.edu)
- Here we report the identification of several MET monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that block MET-dependent signaling and tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
Conformational epitope1
- We produced five new anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies, all directed against conformational epitope or epitopes restricted to the native form of the extracellular domain. (biomedcentral.com)
Mass spectrometry3
- Antibodies are of importance for the field of proteomics, both as reagents for imaging cells, tissues, and organs and as capturing agents for affinity enrichment in mass-spectrometry-based techniques. (mcponline.org)
- Knowledge about an antibody's linear epitopes is also useful in, for instance, developing assays involving the capture of peptides obtained from trypsin cleavage of samples prior to mass spectrometry analysis. (mcponline.org)
- A large number of methods have therefore been developed to determine the epitopes of antibodies, including mass spectrometry ( 9 ), solid phase libraries ( 10 , 11 ), and different display systems ( 12 ⇓ - 14 ) such as bacterial display ( 15 ) and phage display ( 16 ). (mcponline.org)
Affinity6
- The unique property of specific high-affinity binding to more or less any target of interest has made antibodies tremendously useful in numerous applications. (diva-portal.org)
- Complementary binding peptides are then assayed by affinity binding of the antibody. (asm.org)
- These strong antibody responses may be caused by affinity maturation as a result of repeated exposure to the virus or by the fact that dromedaries-apart from conventional antibodies-have relatively unique, heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs). (sciencemag.org)
- We observed a wide range of anti-HCV potencies that were independent of their epitope grouping, but associated with their relative affinity for cell-surface expressed CD81. (ox.ac.uk)
- KD-247 bound with high affinity to the "PGR" motif within the HIV-1 Env V3 tip region, and, among the established reference antibodies, it most effectively neutralized primary HIV-1 field isolates possessing the matching neutralization sequence motif, suggesting its promise for clinical applications involving passive immunizations. (asm.org)
- While in theory, high-affinity antibodies that recognize the relatively conserved GPGR epitope could potentially neutralize many strains of HIV-1 clade B, in practice, such antibodies in sera from HIV-infected individuals show little neutralization activity in vitro ( 2 ), suggesting that the immunogenicity of the GPGR sequence is similarly low. (asm.org)
Including antibody responses1
- The results from this study support the notion of PCV2 modulation of immunity, including antibody responses that may represent a precursor for disease. (k-state.edu)
Broadly4
- However, it is known that some individuals develop broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies during natural HIV-1 infection ( 5 , 6 , 18 , 25 , 26 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- In some cases, broadly cross-neutralizing antibodies have been mapped to the CD4 binding site, the coreceptor binding site (CD4i), and other undefined epitopes within gp120. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- With regard to the role of neutralizing antibody responses in HIV-1 infection, broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies such as 2G12 ( 54 ), 2F5 ( 45 ), and 4E10 ( 5 ) have been proven to suppress immune deficiency virus infection in macaques ( 14 , 38 ) and humans ( 62 ). (asm.org)
- A sound rationale exists for antibody targeting of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, but therapeutic agents that can broadly block HGF ligand binding and exon 14-mutated or amplified MET to induce receptor degradation have yet to be reported. (aacrjournals.org)
Infection6
- Although some studies suggest that antibodies against ZIKV NS1 are protective, their activity during congenital infection is unknown. (nature.com)
- Anti-NS1 antibodies provide an alternative strategy for protection against congenital ZIKV infection without causing ADE. (nature.com)
- These data demonstrate the existence of MPER-specific cross-neutralizing antibodies in plasma, although the ability to elicit such potent antiviral antibodies during natural infection appears to be rare. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Therapeutic antibody cocktails, however, have shown efficacy against otherwise lethal Ebola virus infection and show significant promise for eventual human use. (pnas.org)
- Monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails are particularly attractive candidates due to their proven postexposure efficacy in nonhuman primate models of EBOV infection. (pnas.org)
- However, the specific antibodies that confer protective immunity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are not well known, since most primary strains of HIV-1 are relatively resistant to neutralization ( 40 , 47 ). (asm.org)
Reagents1
- This article proposes a biological defense initiative based on developing, producing, and stockpiling specific antibody reagents that can be used to protect the population against biological warfare threats. (cdc.gov)
Immunogen2
- In spite of the substantial effort invested in the design of an immunogen capable of inducing such antibodies, little success has been achieved. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- 3 The study's hypothesis was that these two adjuvants function by different means to increase antibody titer to a synthetic peptide immunogen. (springer.com)
Specificities1
- Accordingly, we report here the isolation of 45 BG505 nAbs with multiple specificities from immunized and infected rhesus macaques.Notably, all of the autologous nAbs bind in close proximity to known bnAb epitopes and might therefore sterically hinder elicitation of bnAbs. (ssrn.com)
Identification4
- The identification of an 11-1F4-related mimotope should facilitate development of pan-light chain fibril-reactive antibodies that could be used in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AL amyloidosis. (nih.gov)
- These patents are US# 8,101,726 "Ligands binding the complex of urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) that inhibit downstream uPAR interactions: identification and use in diagnosis or therapy" (Parry and Mazar) and US# 8,105,602 "Urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor epitope, monoclonal antibodies derived therefrom and methods of use thereof" (Parry and Mazar). (plos.org)
- Identification of a dominant CD4 T cell epitope in the membrane lipoprotein Tul4 from Francisella tularensis LVS. (rochester.edu)
- Antibodies to CD99 are used in diagnostic immunohistochemistry to distinguish Ewing's sarcoma from other tumours of similar histological appearance, as well as for the identification of thymic tumours, and of spindle cell tumours, such as synovial sarcoma, haemangiopericytoma, and meningioma. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition8
- For epitope mapping, pairwise comparisons were completed to determine the binding inhibition of each paired combination of monoclonal antibodies. (mdpi.com)
- An antipeptide antibody has been produced that recognizes CYP3A4 and exhibits greater than 90-95% inhibition on CYP3A4-mediated reactions [Wang RW and Lu AYH (1997) Drug Metab Dispos 25:762- (aspetjournals.org)
- This conclusion was based on the reversal of antibody inhibition of testosterone 6β-hydroxylation when peptides with overlapping sequence in this region were preincubated with the antibody. (aspetjournals.org)
- Incubation of CMY-2 β-lactamase with a 10-fold molar excess of anti-CMY-2 antibody for 60 min resulted in greater than 80% inhibition of nitrocefin hydrolysis. (asm.org)
- To further explore the role of antibodies in ADAMTS13 inhibition, this study examined the minimal peptide sequence recognized by a monoclonal antibody. (kzoo.edu)
- Of the 10 monoclonal antibodies that showed the greatest inhibition of PDHc, 4 were elicited by PDHc and 6 by E1. (researchwithnj.com)
- The three monoclonal antibodies that demonstrated the strongest inhibition appeared to bind the same region on the PDHc. (researchwithnj.com)
- We elucidated that the blocking activity of these antibodies is mediated through 2 mechanisms involving inhibition of HGF binding and induction of receptor degradation. (aacrjournals.org)
Bind4
- CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies bind gp120 more efficiently after CD4 binding and block the interaction with the chemokine receptor. (nih.gov)
- 90 monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind and enter prostate cancer cells, with little or no binding to control cells. (aacrjournals.org)
- In particular, the MET mAb KTN0073 and KTN0074 bind the Sema/PSI domain, at overlapping but distinct epitopes, preventing HGF interaction with MET and triggering receptor ubiquitination and degradation. (aacrjournals.org)
- In contrast to antibodies used in cancer therapeutics, which aim to stimulate an immune attack, therapeutic antibodies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are designed to do the opposite: neutralizing antibodies bind to pro-inflammatory factors and prevent them from exacerbating the immune response. (genscript.com)
Antigens2
- We have used the SPOT peptide synthesis method to map the linear epitopes recognized by anti-SHV-1 and anti-CMY-2 polyclonal antibodies to their respective antigens. (asm.org)
- Epitopes capable of inducing antibodies with broad cross-reactivities should thus be the preferred antigens. (asm.org)
Molecular2
- The use of recombinant human antibody techniques has recently provided insight into the molecular basis of the humoral immune response to many diseases, including cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
- Readily reproducible protocols for lead generation range from the cloning of human immunoglobulin genes to the generation of human recombinant antibodies by humanization approaches, molecular display technologies, and transgenic animals. (springer.com)
Linear peptide1
- There was no correlation between an antibody response to linear peptide epitopes and the level of protection induced in sheep by vaccination with FhGST. (jimmunol.org)
Reactivity1
- The aim of this study was to identify individuals with serum reactivity against the central and COOH-terminal domains of p53 and to isolate and characterize these recombinant human antibodies. (aacrjournals.org)
Phage display libraries1
- Antibody phage display libraries were constructed from four immunoreactive individuals, and the libraries were panned against the central and COOH-terminal domains of p53. (aacrjournals.org)
Immunodominant1
- Aiming to identify the immunodominant epitopes of abrin, several neutralizing antiabrin polyclonal antibodies were screened using a set of 15-mer peptides spanning the amino acid sequence of either the A or B subunits of abrin. (jpt.com)
Panel of human monoclonal2
- To gain a comprehensive picture of the antibody response induced upon 4CMenB vaccination and to obtain relevant translational information directly from human studies, we have isolated a panel of human monoclonal antibodies from adult vaccinees. (omicsdi.org)
- Mice transgenic for human immunoglobulin genes were immunized with CfaE to generate a panel of human monoclonal IgG1 antibodies (HuMAbs). (asm.org)
Specific11
- Toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-specific monoclonal antibodies: production and epitope mapping. (cdc.gov)
- Dominant and minor epitopes were found to be present on all four of the sequences although some epitopes were shown to be specific to particular FhGST. (jimmunol.org)
- A modified evolutionary trace (ET) analysis called reverse ET (RET) was used to predict the type-specific B-cell neutralizing epitopes. (antibody-antibodies.com)
- It was found that the type-specific neutralizing epitopes of HAdV3 are located at the top surface of hexon tower regions (residue numbers: 135-146, 169-178, 237-251, 262-272, 420-434). (antibody-antibodies.com)
- An antibody fragment (1159.8) that was specific for the whole molecule as well as the central domain was isolated from one of the libraries. (aacrjournals.org)
- HIV-specific antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) is likely to be important in governing protection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and slowing disease progression. (frontiersin.org)
- In order to establish if these antibodies were directly responsible for the observed neutralization breadth, we used MPER-coated magnetic beads to deplete plasmas of these specific antibodies. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Once the amino acids detected by the antibody are determined, the surrounding amino acids can be exchanged to reveal the influence of the environment on the detection of a specific epitope. (qiagen.com)
- The specific epitope has not been mapped. (fishersci.com)
- Passive antibody therapy has substantial advantages over antimicrobial agents and other measures for postexposure prophylaxis, including low toxicity and high specific activity. (cdc.gov)
- This article reviews the activity of humoral immunity against several biological agents, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of an antibody-based defense strategy ( Table ), and proposes stockpiling specific antibodies for use in the event of biological attacks. (cdc.gov)
Amino acid3
- This has allowed analysis of on- and off-target binding of both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, complemented with precise mapping of epitopes based on full amino acid substitution scans. (mcponline.org)
- Single amino acid deletions identified DMVLNETLRL as the minimum amino acid sequence required for antibody binding. (aspetjournals.org)
- Dr. Bloom has developed a method to map and quantify how all possible amino-acid mutations to Env affect antibody neutralization. (fhcrc.org)
Vaccines3
- Epitope mapping is widely applied as an efficient tool for discovering the antigenic moieties of toxins, thus providing invaluable information needed for the development of vaccines and therapies. (jpt.com)
- Information derived from these mapping methods can inform which epitopes to best target for development of antibodies and vaccines to HIV. (fhcrc.org)
- Alternatives to traditional antiretroviral therapy are a highly active area of research, including vaccines, synthetic peptides, and antibodies. (fhcrc.org)
Different epitopes1
- Antibodies directed to different epitopes on the extracellular domain of HER2 are promising candidates for replacement or combinatorial therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Monoclonal-antibody-based2
- With over 20 monoclonal-antibody-based drugs now on the market and over 100 in clinical trials, the field of antibody therapeutics has become a central component of the pharmaceutical industry ( 7 ). (mcponline.org)
- Following the discovery of ERBB2 gene amplifications in breast cancer, the HER2 receptor became an attractive target for monoclonal antibody-based therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Anti-alpha-synuclein1
- Here we have used recombinant alpha-synucleins and peptide competition to show that the monoclonal anti-alpha-synuclein antibody LB509 recognizes amino acids 115-122 of human alpha-synuclein. (nih.gov)
Human monoclonal antibody1
- AMG 102 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets and neutralizes hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). (aacrjournals.org)
Protective1
- Efforts to select protective antibodies to P. aeruginosa and other pathogens have been mostly target-centric, focusing on bacterial surface features or virulence factors correlated with disease. (rupress.org)
Clinical3
- Examples of CD4i antibodies are limited, and the prototypes of the CD4i antibodies exhibit only weak neutralizing activity against primary, clinical HIV-1 isolates. (nih.gov)
- In the absence of erythema migrans, the basis for diagnosis of Lyme disease is the demonstration of an antibody response against Borrelia burgdorferi in an appropriate clinical setting. (asm.org)
- These findings and emerging clinical data support the discovery and development of MET-targeting antibodies and TKIs as therapeutic options for patients. (aacrjournals.org)
Five monoclonal antibodies1
- Of the five monoclonal antibodies, only two interfered with the binding of each other. (mdpi.com)
Recognition4
- A detailed analysis of the recognition sites that are located in an area analogous to the omega loop of class A β-lactamases (V211 to V223) showed that the amino acids Q215 to E219 are important in antibody binding. (asm.org)
- In the present study we wanted to discern whether SHV-1 variants are recognized as well as SHV-1 by the anti-SHV-1 antibody or whether SHV recognition due to mutations would be altered. (asm.org)
- Alanine scanning identified Y-173, F-174, Q-175 and K-179 as important for antibody recognition. (k-state.edu)
- No known function has previously been attributed to this epitope Structural insights into epitope recognition were obtained from structural studies of the Fab fragment of ATN-658 bound to uPAR. (plos.org)
Bound2
- Of these, seventeen monoclonal antibodies bound to PA polypeptide spanning amino acids 101-400 and three bound to that of amino acids 518-600, while the other two did not react with any PA polypeptides tested with the exception of full-length PA. (deepdyve.com)
- another (II) bound to sites that overlapped with epitopes in either region I or III. (elsevier.com)