Antibodies, Anticardiolipin
Cardiolipins
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor
beta 2-Glycoprotein I
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
Antibodies
Antibody Specificity
Autoantibodies
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin G
Antibodies, Antinuclear
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Glycoproteins
Antibody Formation
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Blood Coagulation Factors
Thrombophilia
Immunoglobulin Isotypes
Antibody Affinity
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Prothrombin
Cross Reactions
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System
Binding Sites, Antibody
Immunoglobulin A
Pregnancy
Partial Thromboplastin Time
Activated Protein C Resistance
Protein S Deficiency
Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic
Antibodies, Neoplasm
Leg Ulcer
Antigen-Antibody Complex
Calciphylaxis
Abortion, Spontaneous
Autoimmune Diseases
Pregnancy Complications
Immunoglobulin Idiotypes
Protein C
Prospective Studies
Immunization
Immunization, Passive
Neutralization Tests
Prednisolone
Phospholipids
Case-Control Studies
Immunosorbent Techniques
Biological Markers
Antigen-Antibody Reactions
Antibodies, Bispecific
Molecular Sequence Data
Single-Chain Antibodies
Antibodies, Blocking
Factor V
Amino Acid Sequence
Behcet Syndrome
Lupus Nephritis
Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments
Risk Factors
Antibodies, Heterophile
Antibodies, Catalytic
Phosphatidylserines
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Cerebral Infarction
Antibodies against phospholipids and oxidized LDL in alcoholic patients. (1/381)
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) are a generic term describing antibodies that recognize various phospholipids. Hepatocyte damage is a cardinal event in the course of alcoholic liver injury and autoantibodies against phospholipids could play an important role in this process. APA in alcoholic patients seem to reflect membrane lesions, impairment of immunological reactivity, liver disease progression and they correlate significantly with disease severity. LDL oxidation is supposed to be one of the most important pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis and antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are some kind of an epiphenomenon of this process. The scope of our study was to determine some autoantibodies (IgG-oxLDL and antiphospholipid antibodies) and their possible changes in alcoholic patients. We studied IgG-oxLDL and four APA - anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (APSA) antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies (APE) and antiphosphatidylcholine antibodies (APCA) in 35 alcoholic patients with mildly affected liver function at the beginning of the abuse treatment. The control group consisted of 60 healthy blood donors. In the studied group, we obtained positive results concerning total ACA in 17.1 % of alcoholic patients (8.3 % in the control group), 11.4 % IgG-ACA (6.7 %), 8.6 % IgM-ACA (3.3 %), 14.3 % total APE (6.7 %), 14.3 % total APCA (8.3 %) and 20 % total APSA (8.3 % in the control group). The IgG-oxLDL (406.4+/-52.5 vs 499.9+/-52.5 mU/ml) was not affected in alcoholic patients. We conclude that the autoantibodies against oxLDL are present in sera of alcoholics and healthy blood donors. Based on our results which revealed a wide range of IgG-oxLDL titres in the healthy population, this parameter does not appear to be very promising for the evaluation of the risk of atherosclerosis. Alcoholics with only mild affection of liver functions did not exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of all studied antiphospholipid antibodies (ACA, APSA, APE, APCA) which could lead to membrane lesions in these patients. (+info)Cerebral vasculopathy in HIV infection revealed by transcranial Doppler: A pilot study. (2/381)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is growing evidence for affection of cerebral vessels during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We prospectively evaluated cerebrovascular reserve capacity (CRC) in HIV-seropositive patients by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) after systemic administration of acetazolamide. We hypothesized that a disturbed vasoreactivity would reflect the cerebral arteries' involvement in HIV infection. METHODS: We assessed the mean blood flow velocity (BFV) of the middle cerebral artery and its increase after intravenous administration of 1 g acetazolamide (CRC) in 31 HIV-infected individuals without symptoms of cerebrovascular disease (mean+/-SD age, 39+/-11 years). Stenotic or occlusive lesions of the large brain-supplying arteries were excluded by color-coded duplex and transcranial imaging. BFV and CRC were also measured in an age-matched group of 10 healthy control subjects. Patients were classified according to clinical, laboratory, and neurophysiological parameters. We also performed cerebral MRI (n=25) and rheumatological blood tests (n=26). RESULTS: Baseline BFV and CRC both were significantly reduced in HIV-infected patients as compared with control subjects (P<0.05, Student's t test). These findings did not correlate with duration of seropositivity, helper cell count, or other clinical, rheumatological, and neuroradiological findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis of a cerebral vasculopathy etiologically associated with HIV infection. (+info)Anti-phospholipid antibodies and CD5+ B cells in HIV infection. (3/381)
This cross-sectional study evaluates the correlation between anti-phospholipid antibodies and CD5+ B cells in 110 patients infected with HIV-1. There were 89.1% of the patients who had IgG antibodies against cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine. The prevalence of IgM and IgA antibodies was < 22%. AIDS was associated with lower frequencies of IgM antibodies against cardiolipin (P = 0.05) and IgG-antibodies against cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine (P = 0.011). Drug users had higher IgM antibodies against phospholipids than patients from other risk groups (P = 0.02). A history of thromboembolic events was not accompanied by higher levels of anti-phospholipid antibodies (P > 0.2). No correlation between anti-phospholipid antibodies and CD5+ B cells was detected. Percentage part of CD5+ B lymphocytes was elevated in all patients and absolute CD4+ T lymphocyte counts and HIV p24 antigen were inversely correlated. In advanced disease a significant reduction of anti-phospholipid antibodies was contrasted with persistent elevation of CD5+ B lymphocytes. These observations may reflect immunological dysfunction involving apoptosis and endothelial damage rather than polyclonal B cell hyperstimulation. A possible explanation would be that in HIV infection an increased rate of spontaneous apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes is accompanied by functional and structural changes of mitochondria. Therefore, structurally altered mitochondrial phospholipids could serve as antigen to induce specific humoral immune responses. (+info)Antibodies to adult human endothelial cells cross-react with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI) in systemic lupus erythematosus. (4/381)
Cardiovascular manifestations are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is implicated in cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis, and cross-reacts with antibodies to cardiolipin (aCL). beta 2-GPI is a plasma protein participating in the coagulating cascade, and is also cofactor for aCL, and some aCL have been shown to be directed against beta 2-GPI and/or complexes between beta 2-GPI and phospholipids. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a phospholipid present both in oxLDL and in damaged endothelium, and we recently showed that LPC is involved in the antigenicity of oxLDL. Antibodies to endothelial cells (aEC) correlate with diseases activity in SLE and vasculitis, and we recently showed that aEC are enhanced in cardiovascular disease such as borderline hypertension and early atherosclerosis. aEC were determined using EC from adult V. Saphena Magna. Antibody levels were determined by ELISA. aEC of IgG type were enhanced in 184 patients with SLE compared with 85 healthy controls. There was a close correlation between aoxLDL, aCL, aLPC, a beta 2-GPI and aEC. Binding of sera to EC was competitively inhibited by beta 2-GPI, LPC and oxLDL. Taken together, the data indicate that EC share antigenic epitopes with beta 2-GPI and with oxLDL, especially LPC. Phospholipids in EC membranes may thus be antigenic epitopes. beta 2-GPI may bind to these phospholipids, and become an autoantigen. LPC is formed by oxidation of phospholipids and/or proinflammatory factors leading to activation of phospholipase A2, and the findings indicate the potential role of both lipid oxidation and phospholipase A2 in SLE. (+info)Conformationally altered beta 2-glycoprotein I is the antigen for anti-cardiolipin autoantibodies. (5/381)
Anti-cardiolipin autoantibodies (aCL) induce thrombosis and recurrent fetal death. These antibodies require a 'cofactor', identified as beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GPI), to bind phospholipids. We show here that aCL can bind beta 2-GPI in the absence of phospholipid. Binding of aCL to beta 2-GPI is dependent upon the beta 2-GPI being immobilized on an appropriate surface including cardiolipin, irradiated polystyrene and nitrocellulose membrane. This effect cannot be explained by increased antigen density of beta 2-GPI immobilized on these surfaces. Rather, conformational changes that occur following the interaction of beta 2-GPI with phospholipid render this protein antigenic to aCL. Liquid-phase beta 2-GPI was not antigenic for aCL. Thus, aCL cannot bind circulating beta 2-GPI. These findings may explain why patients with aCL can remain healthy for many years but then undergo episodes of thrombosis or fetal loss without changes in their circulating aCL profile, as the triggering event for these pathologies can be predicted to be one that renders beta 2-GPI antigenic for aCL. (+info)A prospective analysis of cognitive function and anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. (6/381)
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively analyze the association between changes in cognitive function and circulating anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) over a period of 5 years in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Cognitive function was assessed in 51 unselected female SLE patients at baseline and after a mean followup of 64.5 months (range 52-71 months), using standardized tests of cognitive function, i.e., the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and the California Verbal Learning Test. Circulating IgG, IgA, and IgM aCL and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 4-7 occasions over the same time period. Persistent antibody reactivity was defined as levels more than 2 standard deviations (moderately positive) and more than 5 standard deviations (highly positive) above the mean for normal controls over the duration of the study. Changes in overall cognitive performance and in raw scores on individual cognitive tests were compared in patients who were persistently positive or negative for aCL. RESULTS: At baseline 11 patients (22%) were cognitively impaired, compared with 7 (14%) at followup. Between 16% and 37% of patients had persistently elevated aCL levels of different isotypes. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of overall cognitive impairment in patients who were persistently positive for aCL compared with those who were not. In contrast, over the period of study, patients who had persistent IgG aCL positivity had a reduction in psychomotor speed, and patients who had persistent IgA aCL positivity had a reduction in conceptual reasoning and executive ability. Similar associations with anti-dsDNA antibodies were not found. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IgG and IgA aCL may be responsible for long-term subtle deterioration in cognitive function in patients with SLE. (+info)A longitudinal study of anticardiolipin antibody levels and cognitive functioning in systemic lupus erythematosus. (7/381)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between persistently raised anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) levels and neuropsychological performance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Forty-five patients with SLE underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment on 2 occasions 12-18 months apart. Serum samples stored since the time of previous assessments as well as samples obtained 6 months to 2 years before the first neuropsychological assessment were tested for IgG aCL levels. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the number of times their aCL levels were elevated (never, once, twice, 3 times). A wide-ranging battery of new neuropsychological tests was utilized, and the results were compared with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels, C3 levels, and results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed that the group with persistently elevated aCL levels performed less well than the other groups. At the first neuropsychological assessment, poorer performance by this group was noted for letter cancellation (P = 0.02), trail making task B (P = 0.04), and digit span (P = 0.03). At the second assessment, letter cancellation (P = 0.01), trail making task A (P = 0.03), trail making task B (P = 0.01), word fluency (P = 0.01), and reaction time (P = 0.05) were impaired. In contrast, no significant differences in neuropsychological test results were identified with respect to DNA antibody or C3 levels. MRI abnormalities were associated with both persistent elevation of aCL levels and low C3 levels. CONCLUSION: Levels of IgG aCL that were persistently elevated over a 2-3-year period (as opposed to never or occasionally elevated) were associated with significantly poorer performance in cognitive function by patients with SLE. Tasks requiring speed of attention and concentration appear to be particularly affected. (+info)A possible role for activated protein C resistance in patients with first and second trimester pregnancy failure. (8/381)
Thrombophilia was recently suggested as a possible factor in recurrent pregnancy losses. We studied prospectively 125 patients (mean age 31.4 +/- 5.6 years) with one or more first or second trimester pregnancy losses for the prevalence of activated protein C resistance (APCR). Proteins C and S antigens, antithrombin III, anticardiolipin, and lupus anti-coagulant were also evaluated. Patients with uterine malformations, hormonal abnormalities, chromosomal translocations and infectious causes were excluded. A control group of 125 women with no past fetal loss were matched with the study group. Whenever the APC-sensitivity ratio (APC-SR) was +info)The syndrome is typically diagnosed based on the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) or lupus anticoagulant in the blood. Treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome may involve medications to prevent blood clots, such as heparin or warfarin, and aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be given to reduce the levels of antibodies in the blood. Plasmapheresis, a process that removes antibodies from the blood, may also be used in some cases.
Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and may be triggered by certain medications or infections. It is important for individuals with antiphospholipid syndrome to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage their condition and reduce the risk of complications.
The term "systemic" refers to the fact that the disease affects multiple organ systems, including the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, and nervous system. LES is a complex condition, and its symptoms can vary widely depending on which organs are affected. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, joint pain, rashes, and swelling in the extremities.
There are several subtypes of LES, including:
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): This is the most common form of the disease, and it can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender.
2. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE): This subtype typically affects the skin, causing a red, scaly rash that does not go away.
3. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus: This form of the disease is caused by certain medications, and it usually resolves once the medication is stopped.
4. Neonatal lupus erythematosus: This rare condition affects newborn babies of mothers with SLE, and it can cause liver and heart problems.
There is no cure for LES, but treatment options are available to manage the symptoms and prevent flares. Treatment may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications, and antimalarial drugs. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the disease.
It is important for people with LES to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their condition and prevent complications. With proper treatment and self-care, many people with LES can lead active and fulfilling lives.
A condition in which spontaneous abortions occur repeatedly, often due to an underlying cause such as a uterine anomaly or infection. Also called recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Synonym(s): habitual abortion, recurrent abortion, spontaneous abortion.
Antonym(s): multiple pregnancy, retained placenta.
Example Sentence: "The patient had experienced four habitual abortions in the past year and was concerned about her ability to carry a pregnancy to term."
There are several types of thrombosis, including:
1. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A clot forms in the deep veins of the legs, which can cause swelling, pain, and skin discoloration.
2. Pulmonary embolism (PE): A clot breaks loose from another location in the body and travels to the lungs, where it can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, and coughing up blood.
3. Cerebral thrombosis: A clot forms in the brain, which can cause stroke or mini-stroke symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking.
4. Coronary thrombosis: A clot forms in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, leading to a heart attack.
5. Renal thrombosis: A clot forms in the kidneys, which can cause kidney damage or failure.
The symptoms of thrombosis can vary depending on the location and size of the clot. Some common symptoms include:
1. Swelling or redness in the affected limb
2. Pain or tenderness in the affected area
3. Warmth or discoloration of the skin
4. Shortness of breath or chest pain if the clot has traveled to the lungs
5. Weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking if the clot has formed in the brain
6. Rapid heart rate or irregular heartbeat
7. Feeling of anxiety or panic
Treatment for thrombosis usually involves medications to dissolve the clot and prevent new ones from forming. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the clot or repair the damaged blood vessel. Prevention measures include maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, avoiding long periods of immobility, and managing chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
There are several types of thrombophilia, including:
1. Factor V Leiden: This is the most common inherited thrombophilia and is caused by a mutation in the Factor V gene.
2. Prothrombin G20210A: This is another inherited thrombophilia that is caused by a mutation in the Prothrombin gene.
3. Protein C and S deficiency: These are acquired deficiencies of protein C and S, which are important proteins that help to prevent blood clots.
4. Antiphospholipid syndrome: This is an autoimmune disorder that causes the body to produce antibodies against phospholipids, which can lead to blood clots.
5. Cancer-associated thrombophilia: This is a condition where cancer patients are at a higher risk of developing blood clots due to their cancer and its treatment.
6. Hormone-related thrombophilia: This is a condition where hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or with the use of hormone replacement therapy, increase the risk of blood clots.
7. Inherited platelet disorders: These are rare conditions that affect the way platelets function and can increase the risk of blood clots.
8. Anti-cardiolipin antibodies: These are autoantibodies that can cause blood clots.
9. Lupus anticoagulant: This is an autoantibody that can cause blood clots.
10. Combined genetic and acquired risk factors: Some people may have a combination of inherited and acquired risk factors for thrombophilia.
Thrombophilia can be diagnosed through various tests, including:
1. Blood tests: These tests measure the levels of certain proteins in the blood that are associated with an increased risk of blood clots.
2. Genetic testing: This can help identify inherited risk factors for thrombophilia.
3. Imaging tests: These tests, such as ultrasound and venography, can help doctors visualize the blood vessels and look for signs of blood clots.
4. Thrombin generation assay: This test measures the body's ability to produce thrombin, a protein that helps form blood clots.
5. Platelet function tests: These tests assess how well platelets work and whether they are contributing to the development of blood clots.
Treatment for thrombophilia usually involves medications to prevent or dissolve blood clots, as well as measures to reduce the risk of developing new clots. These may include:
1. Anticoagulant drugs: These medications, such as warfarin and heparin, are used to prevent blood clots from forming.
2. Thrombolytic drugs: These medications are used to dissolve blood clots that have already formed.
3. Compression stockings: These stockings can help reduce swelling and improve blood flow in the affected limb.
4. Elevating the affected limb: This can help reduce swelling and improve blood flow.
5. Avoiding long periods of immobility: This can help reduce the risk of developing blood clots.
In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a blood clot or repair a damaged blood vessel. In addition, people with thrombophilia may need to make lifestyle changes, such as avoiding long periods of immobility and taking regular breaks to move around, to reduce their risk of developing blood clots.
Overall, the prognosis for thrombophilia is generally good if the condition is properly diagnosed and treated. However, if left untreated, thrombophilia can lead to serious complications, such as pulmonary embolism or stroke, which can be life-threatening. It is important for people with thrombophilia to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage the condition and reduce the risk of complications.
Symptoms of CNS lupus vasculitis can include headaches, seizures, confusion, weakness or paralysis, vision problems, and changes in personality or behavior. The condition can be difficult to diagnose, as it may mimic other conditions such as stroke, infection, or tumors.
Treatment of CNS lupus vasculitis typically involves high doses of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and prevent further damage. In severe cases, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasmapheresis may be used to remove harmful antibodies from the blood. Anticoagulation therapy may also be prescribed to prevent blood clots.
While CNS lupus vasculitis can be a life-threatening condition, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can improve outcomes. However, long-term follow-up is essential to monitor for recurrences of the disease and manage any ongoing neurological symptoms.
There are several possible causes of thrombocytopenia, including:
1. Immune-mediated disorders such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
2. Bone marrow disorders such as aplastic anemia or leukemia.
3. Viral infections such as HIV or hepatitis C.
4. Medications such as chemotherapy or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
5. Vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin B12 and folate.
6. Genetic disorders such as Bernard-Soulier syndrome.
7. Sepsis or other severe infections.
8. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a condition where blood clots form throughout the body.
9. Postpartum thrombocytopenia, which can occur in some women after childbirth.
Symptoms of thrombocytopenia may include easy bruising, petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin), and prolonged bleeding from injuries or surgical sites. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause but may include platelet transfusions, steroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and in severe cases, surgery.
In summary, thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by low platelet counts that can increase the risk of bleeding and bruising. It can be caused by various factors, and treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause.
APC resistance can be caused by genetic or acquired factors and can lead to a range of clinical presentations, including:
1. Hereditary bleeding disorders: Familial APC resistance is caused by mutations in the APC gene and can result in severe bleeding, especially during childhood.
2. Acquired APC resistance: This can occur due to certain medical conditions, such as liver disease, sepsis, or cancer, which can impair APC function.
3. Drug-induced APC resistance: Certain medications, like anticoagulants, can reduce APC activity and lead to APC resistance.
Diagnosis of APC resistance typically involves testing for APC activity in the blood, as well as genetic analysis to identify mutations in the APC gene. Treatment options for APC resistance depend on the underlying cause and may include:
1. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP): FFP can be used to replace missing or deficient APC in the blood.
2. Recombinant APC: This is a synthetic version of APC that can be used to replace missing or deficient APC.
3. Anticoagulants: These medications can help prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of thrombotic events.
4. Platelet inhibitors: These medications can help prevent platelet aggregation, which can contribute to bleeding.
Overall, APC resistance is a rare but important condition that can affect blood coagulation and increase the risk of bleeding or thrombotic events. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to manage the condition effectively and prevent complications.
Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent protein that is produced in the liver and circulates in the blood. It works by inhibiting the activity of thrombin, a clotting factor that helps to form blood clots. In people with protein S deficiency, there may be an overactivation of thrombin, leading to an increased risk of blood clots forming.
Protein S deficiency can be caused by several factors, including genetic mutations, vitamin K deficiency, and certain medical conditions such as liver disease or cancer. It is usually diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies.
Treatment for protein S deficiency typically involves replacing the missing protein with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) or recombinant human protein S. In some cases, medications that inhibit thrombin activity, such as heparins or direct thrombin inhibitors, may also be used to reduce the risk of blood clots forming.
Preventing protein S deficiency involves ensuring adequate intake of vitamin K through dietary sources or supplements, managing underlying medical conditions, and avoiding factors that can increase the risk of bleeding or thrombosis, such as smoking, obesity, and inactivity.
In summary, protein S deficiency is a condition characterized by low levels of protein S, which increases the risk of developing blood clots. It can be caused by several factors and treated with replacement therapy or medications that inhibit thrombin activity. Prevention involves ensuring adequate vitamin K intake and managing underlying medical conditions.
1. Iron deficiency anemia: This is the most common hematologic complication of pregnancy, caused by the increased demand for iron and the potential for poor dietary intake or gastrointestinal blood loss.
2. Thrombocytopenia: A decrease in platelet count, which can be mild and resolve spontaneously or severe and require treatment.
3. Leukemia: Rare but potentially serious, leukemia can occur during pregnancy and may require prompt intervention to ensure the health of both the mother and the fetus.
4. Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel, which can be life-threatening for both the mother and the baby if left untreated.
5. Hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding during pregnancy, which can be caused by various factors such as placenta previa or abruption.
6. Preeclampsia: A condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the kidneys and liver, which can increase the risk of hemorrhage and other complications.
7. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that develops outside of the uterus, often in the fallopian tube, which can cause severe bleeding and be life-threatening if left untreated.
Symptoms of leg ulcers may include:
* Pain or tenderness in the affected area
* Redness or swelling around the wound
* Discharge or oozing of fluid from the wound
* A foul odor emanating from the wound
* Thickening or hardening of the skin around the wound
Causes and risk factors for leg ulcers include:
* Poor circulation, which can be due to conditions such as peripheral artery disease or diabetes
* Injury or trauma to the lower leg
* Infection, such as cellulitis or abscesses
* Skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis
* Poorly fitting or compression garments
* Smoking and other lifestyle factors that can impair healing
Diagnosis of a leg ulcer typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests, such as X-rays or ultrasound, to rule out other conditions. Treatment may involve debridement (removal of dead tissue), antibiotics for infection, and dressing changes to promote healing. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair damaged blood vessels.
Prevention is key in managing leg ulcers. This includes maintaining good circulation, protecting the skin from injury, and managing underlying conditions such as diabetes or peripheral artery disease. Compression stockings and bandages can also be used to help reduce swelling and promote healing.
Prognosis for leg ulcers varies depending on the severity of the wound and underlying conditions. With proper treatment and care, many leg ulcers can heal within a few weeks to months. However, some may take longer to heal or may recur, and in severe cases, amputation may be necessary.
Overall, managing leg ulcers requires a comprehensive approach that includes wound care, debridement, antibiotics, and addressing underlying conditions. With proper treatment and care, many leg ulcers can heal and improve quality of life for those affected.
The condition is often seen in patients with long-standing ESRD, particularly those on hemodialysis. The exact cause of calciphylaxis is not well understood, but it is thought to be related to abnormal mineral metabolism, vascular inflammation, and oxidative stress.
The symptoms of calciphylaxis can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:
* Skin lesions or ulcers
* Painful muscle weakness
* Difficulty moving or contracting muscles
* Numbness or tingling in the affected areas
* Decreased blood flow to organs and tissues
Calciphylaxis can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans. Treatment is primarily focused on managing the underlying causes of the condition, such as controlling blood pressure, correcting mineral imbalances, and addressing any infections or inflammation. In severe cases, surgical interventions such as bypass grafting or angioplasty may be necessary.
Overall, calciphylaxis is a rare and debilitating condition that can significantly impact the quality of life of patients with ESRD. Early detection and aggressive management are critical to preventing complications and improving outcomes.
Examples of autoimmune diseases include:
1. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): A condition where the immune system attacks the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, and joint damage.
2. Lupus: A condition where the immune system attacks various body parts, including the skin, joints, and organs.
3. Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
4. Multiple sclerosis (MS): A condition where the immune system attacks the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system, leading to communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.
5. Type 1 diabetes: A condition where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to high blood sugar levels.
6. Guillain-Barré syndrome: A condition where the immune system attacks the nerves, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.
7. Psoriasis: A condition where the immune system attacks the skin, leading to red, scaly patches.
8. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: Conditions where the immune system attacks the digestive tract, leading to inflammation and damage to the gut.
9. Sjögren's syndrome: A condition where the immune system attacks the glands that produce tears and saliva, leading to dry eyes and mouth.
10. Vasculitis: A condition where the immune system attacks the blood vessels, leading to inflammation and damage to the blood vessels.
The symptoms of autoimmune diseases vary depending on the specific disease and the organs or tissues affected. Common symptoms include fatigue, fever, joint pain, skin rashes, and swollen lymph nodes. Treatment for autoimmune diseases typically involves medication to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation, as well as lifestyle changes such as dietary changes and stress management techniques.
1. Preeclampsia: A condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can lead to complications such as stroke or premature birth.
2. Gestational diabetes: A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, which can cause complications for both the mother and the baby if left untreated.
3. Placenta previa: A condition in which the placenta is located low in the uterus, covering the cervix, which can cause bleeding and other complications.
4. Premature labor: Labor that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, which can increase the risk of health problems for the baby.
5. Fetal distress: A condition in which the fetus is not getting enough oxygen, which can lead to serious health problems or even death.
6. Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding after delivery, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.
7. Cesarean section (C-section) complications: Complications that may arise during a C-section, such as infection or bleeding.
8. Maternal infections: Infections that the mother may contract during pregnancy or childbirth, such as group B strep or urinary tract infections.
9. Preterm birth: Birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, which can increase the risk of health problems for the baby.
10. Chromosomal abnormalities: Genetic disorders that may affect the baby's growth and development, such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome.
It is important for pregnant women to receive regular prenatal care to monitor for any potential complications and ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome. In some cases, pregnancy complications may require medical interventions, such as hospitalization or surgery, to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.
Symptoms of venous thrombosis may include pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the affected limb. In some cases, the clot can break loose and travel to the lungs, causing a potentially life-threatening condition called Pulmonary Embolism (PE).
Treatment for venous thrombosis typically involves anticoagulant medications to prevent the clot from growing and to prevent new clots from forming. In some cases, a filter may be placed in the vena cava, the large vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart, to prevent clots from traveling to the lungs.
Prevention of venous thrombosis includes encouraging movement and exercise, avoiding long periods of immobility, and wearing compression stockings or sleeves to compress the veins and improve blood flow.
There are different types of fetal death, including:
1. Stillbirth: This refers to the death of a fetus after the 20th week of gestation. It can be caused by various factors, such as infections, placental problems, or umbilical cord compression.
2. Miscarriage: This occurs before the 20th week of gestation and is usually due to chromosomal abnormalities or hormonal imbalances.
3. Ectopic pregnancy: This is a rare condition where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. It can cause fetal death and is often diagnosed in the early stages of pregnancy.
4. Intrafamilial stillbirth: This refers to the death of two or more fetuses in a multiple pregnancy, usually due to genetic abnormalities or placental problems.
The diagnosis of fetal death is typically made through ultrasound examination or other imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans. In some cases, the cause of fetal death may be unknown, and further testing and investigation may be required to determine the underlying cause.
There are various ways to manage fetal death, depending on the stage of pregnancy and the cause of the death. In some cases, a vaginal delivery may be necessary, while in others, a cesarean section may be performed. In cases where the fetus has died due to a genetic abnormality, couples may choose to undergo genetic counseling and testing to assess their risk of having another affected pregnancy.
Overall, fetal death is a tragic event that can have significant emotional and psychological impact on parents and families. It is essential to provide compassionate support and care to those affected by this loss, while also ensuring appropriate medical management and follow-up.
The symptoms of Behcet syndrome can vary widely, but may include:
* Skin lesions, such as ulcers or rashes
* Eye inflammation (uveitis)
* Joint pain and swelling
* Digestive problems such as diarrhea and abdominal pain
* Nervous system problems such as seizures and headaches
* Inflammation of the blood vessels, which can lead to aneurysms or blood clots
The exact cause of Behcet syndrome is not known, but it is believed to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is no cure for the disease, but various treatments are available to manage the symptoms and prevent complications. These may include medications such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, and antibiotics, as well as lifestyle modifications such as avoiding triggers like spicy foods or stress.
Behcet syndrome is rare in the United States, but it is more common in certain parts of the world, including Turkey, Japan, and other countries with high prevalence of autoimmune disorders. It affects both men and women equally, and typically begins during adulthood, although it can sometimes begin in childhood or adolescence.
Overall, Behcet syndrome is a complex and multifaceted disease that requires careful management by a healthcare team to prevent complications and improve quality of life for patients.
There are several types of lupus nephritis, each with its own unique characteristics and symptoms. The most common forms include:
* Class I (mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis): This type is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the glomeruli (blood-filtering units of the kidneys).
* Class II (active lupus nephritis): This type is characterized by widespread inflammation and damage to the kidneys, with or without the presence of antibodies.
* Class III (focal lupus nephritis): This type is characterized by localized inflammation in certain areas of the kidneys.
* Class IV (lupus nephritis with crescentic glomerulonephritis): This type is characterized by widespread inflammation and damage to the kidneys, with crescent-shaped tissue growth in the glomeruli.
* Class V (lupus nephritis with sclerotic changes): This type is characterized by hardening and shrinkage of the glomeruli due to scarring.
Lupus Nephritis can cause a range of symptoms, including:
* Proteinuria (excess protein in the urine)
* Hematuria (blood in the urine)
* Reduced kidney function
* Swelling (edema)
* Fatigue
* Fever
* Joint pain
Lupus Nephritis can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, laboratory tests, and kidney biopsy. Treatment options for lupus nephritis include medications to suppress the immune system, control inflammation, and prevent further damage to the kidneys. In severe cases, dialysis or a kidney transplant may be necessary.
There are three stages of syphilis:
1. Primary stage: A small, painless sore or ulcer (called a chancre) appears at the site of infection, usually on the genitals, rectum, or mouth. This sore heals on its own within 2-6 weeks, but the infection remains in the body.
2. Secondary stage: A rash and other symptoms can appear weeks to months after the primary stage. The rash can be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes.
3. Latent stage: After the secondary stage, the infection can enter a latent (hidden) phase, during which there are no visible symptoms but the infection remains in the body. If left untreated, syphilis can progress to the tertiary stage, which can cause serious complications such as damage to the heart, brain, and other organs.
Syphilis is diagnosed through a physical examination, blood tests, and/or a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Treatment typically involves antibiotics, and early treatment can cure the infection and prevent long-term complications.
Prevention measures include safe sex practices such as using condoms and dental dams, avoiding sexual contact with someone who has syphilis, and getting regularly tested for STIs. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms of syphilis are present, as early treatment can prevent long-term complications.
Causes of Female Infertility
--------------------------
There are several potential causes of female infertility, including:
1. Hormonal imbalances: Disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid dysfunction, and premature ovarian failure can affect hormone levels and ovulation.
2. Ovulatory disorders: Problems with ovulation, such as anovulation or oligoovulation, can make it difficult to conceive.
3. Tubal damage: Damage to the fallopian tubes due to pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, or surgery can prevent the egg from traveling through the tube and being fertilized.
4. Endometriosis: This condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, causing inflammation and scarring that can lead to infertility.
5. Fibroids: Noncancerous growths in the uterus can interfere with implantation of a fertilized egg or disrupt ovulation.
6. Pelvic adhesions: Scar tissue in the pelvis can cause fallopian tubes to become damaged or blocked, making it difficult for an egg to travel through the tube and be fertilized.
7. Uterine or cervical abnormalities: Abnormalities such as a bicornuate uterus or a narrow cervix can make it difficult for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus.
8. Age: A woman's age can affect her fertility, as the quality and quantity of her eggs decline with age.
9. Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and being overweight or underweight can affect fertility.
10. Stress: Chronic stress can disrupt hormone levels and ovulation, making it more difficult to conceive.
It's important to note that many of these factors can be treated with medical assistance, such as medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technology (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF). If you are experiencing difficulty getting pregnant, it is recommended that you speak with a healthcare provider to determine the cause of your infertility and discuss potential treatment options.
1. Stroke: A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted, either due to a blockage or a rupture of the blood vessels. This can lead to cell death and permanent brain damage.
2. Cerebral vasospasm: Vasospasm is a temporary constriction of the blood vessels in the brain, which can occur after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (bleeding in the space surrounding the brain).
3. Moyamoya disease: This is a rare condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the internal carotid artery and its branches. It can lead to recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIs) or stroke.
4. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: This is a condition where abnormal protein deposits accumulate in the blood vessels of the brain, leading to inflammation and bleeding.
5. Cavernous malformations: These are abnormal collections of blood vessels in the brain that can cause seizures, headaches, and other symptoms.
6. Carotid artery disease: Atherosclerosis (hardening) of the carotid arteries can lead to a stroke or TIAs.
7. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency: This is a condition where the blood flow to the brain is reduced due to narrowing or blockage of the vertebral and basilar arteries.
8. Temporal lobe dementia: This is a type of dementia that affects the temporal lobe of the brain, leading to memory loss and other cognitive symptoms.
9. Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL): This is a rare genetic disorder that affects the blood vessels in the brain, leading to recurrent stroke-like events.
10. Moyamoya disease: This is a rare condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the internal carotid artery and its branches, leading to decreased blood flow to the brain and increased risk of stroke.
It's important to note that this list is not exhaustive and there may be other causes of stroke and TIAs that are not included here. A proper diagnosis can only be made by a qualified medical professional after conducting a thorough examination and reviewing the individual's medical history.
Cerebral infarction can result in a range of symptoms, including sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, sudden vision loss, dizziness, and confusion. Depending on the location and severity of the infarction, it can lead to long-term disability or even death.
There are several types of cerebral infarction, including:
1. Ischemic stroke: This is the most common type of cerebral infarction, accounting for around 87% of all cases. It occurs when a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the brain, leading to cell death and tissue damage.
2. Hemorrhagic stroke: This type of cerebral infarction occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding and cell death.
3. Lacunar infarction: This type of cerebral infarction affects the deep structures of the brain, particularly the basal ganglia, and is often caused by small blockages or stenosis (narrowing) in the blood vessels.
4. Territorial infarction: This type of cerebral infarction occurs when there is a complete blockage of a blood vessel that supplies a specific area of the brain, leading to cell death and tissue damage in that area.
Diagnosis of cerebral infarction typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and location of the infarction, but may include medication to dissolve blood clots, surgery to remove blockages, or supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies
HLA-DR4
Livedo reticularis
STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy
Takayasu's arteritis
Osteonecrosis of the jaw
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test
Apolipoprotein H
Cardiolipin
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome
Anti-apolipoprotein antibodies
HLA-DR52
Lupus
Lupus headache
Anti-mitochondrial antibody
Cerebritis
Libman-Sacks endocarditis
Mixed connective tissue disease
Antiphospholipid syndrome
Steven Krilis
Acute esophageal necrosis
Amaurosis fugax
Thrombophilia
ACLA
ACA
Dilute Russell's viper venom time
Lupus anticoagulant
ACL
Lupus and pregnancy
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
List of MeSH codes (D12.776.124)
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease
Anticardiolipin antibodies in women with recurrent abortion
Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematous. | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Association of anticardiolipin IgM antibody with preeclampsia
| Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal
anticardiolipin-antibody-test - Jagsan Diagnostics & Clinics
Anti Cardiolipin Antibody [Igm] Test | Price and Process | HOD
Anti- cardiolipin antibody IgG(ACA-IgG) EIA | Technique alternative | 01017406806 - Antibodies, Anit-bodies, Antibody, Anti-body
IMSEAR at SEARO: A rare case of carotid stroke in young due to Takayasu Arteritis with positive anti- cardiolipin antibodies �...
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Antiphospholipid syndrome - APS: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Browsing by Subject "Abortion, Habitual"
Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Acute HIV Infection - Volume 16, Number 2-February 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal -...
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Workup: Approach Considerations, Procedures, D-Dimer Levels
Post-COVID Conditions: Information for Healthcare Providers
Course Content - #34463: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - NetCE
Nailfold capillary morphological characteristics of hand-arm vibration syndrome: a cross-sectional study | BMJ Open
Journal of Medical Sciences - Volume 6, Number 4, 2006
Recurrent Miscarriage
WHO EMRO | Pregnancy outcome in women with antiphospholipid syndrome on low-dose aspirin and heparin: a retrospective study |...
The use of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of SLE | Journal of Clinical Pathology
Sickle cell disease, sickle trait and the risk for venous thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis | SpringerLink
Pathophysiological Changes in the Hemostatic System and Anti... : Transplantation
Pesquisa | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde
INTERNAL MEDICINE | MindMeister Mind Map
Immunoassays for the Evaluation of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) | AACC.org
Special / Immunochemistry Tests - Diagnostics & Pathology Lab in Noida & Ghaziabad
Diagnostic Tests For Lupus - Net Health Book
Find Research outputs - Augusta University Research Profiles
CARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODY (ACL) - IgA
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY3
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is a disorder characterized by the presence of medium to high levels of lupus anticoagulant antibodies (LAC) and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL)-the so-called antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). (who.int)
- At this point, we don't know if this is a "typical" miscarriage or one caused by Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. (thespohrsaremultiplying.com)
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (commonly referred to as APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies in association with thrombosis and/or specific pregnancy-related morbidities. (aacc.org)
Cardiolipin Antibody5
- This test measures the levels of Anti Cardiolipin Antibody (IgM) in the blood. (hod.care)
- Small volumes from the liquid components of the Anti- cardiolipin antibody IgG(ACA-IgG) EIA kit may get caught on the walls and lid of the vials. (antibodies-shop.com)
- The Rabbit Anti- cardiolipin antibody IgG(ACA-IgG) ELISA Kit is a ready to use kit manufactured by using high quality antibodies sets, plates, solutions and detection molecules. (antibodies-shop.com)
- This EIA test for Rabbit Rabbit Anti- cardiolipin antibody IgG(ACA-IgG) will yield accurate and reproducible results. (antibodies-shop.com)
- Store all components and reagents of the Anti- cardiolipin antibody IgG(ACA-IgG) ELISA Kit refrigerated and +4 degrees Celcius. (antibodies-shop.com)
Systemic6
- Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematous. (bmj.com)
- Antibodies against PLs have been commonly found in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome, in which clinical manifestations (mainly thrombotic events) have been directly attributed to antibodies against PLs. (cdc.gov)
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and antinuclear antibody studies should be performed to screen for systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener granulomatosis, and temporal arteritis. (medscape.com)
- 7. Prevalence and clinical significance of antiprothrombin antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. (nih.gov)
- 11. Association of lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies with thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, primary antiphospholipid syndrome and other disorders. (nih.gov)
- The presence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus can be related to the development of thrombosis. (thyrocare.com)
Antinuclear antibody1
- and antinuclear antibody. (nih.gov)
Thrombocytopenia1
- Correlation with thrombocytopenia and anticardiolipin antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
ELISA2
Antigen4
- The IgG antibody has 2 antigen binding sites. (antibodies-shop.com)
- This antibody can be antigen purified or protein A or G purified. (antibodies-shop.com)
- The classic pathway is activated by the interaction of C1 with an antigen-antibody complex. (medscape.com)
- The antibodies are detected by solid-phase IMMUNOASSAY employing the purified phospholipid antigen CARDIOLIPIN . (nih.gov)
Thrombotic events1
- 1 patient had posi- non-central nervous system thrombotic events (e.g., tive antiphospholipid antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Prevalence1
- Therefore, the information obtained from any test will reflect the types of antibody detected, the prevalence of the disease in the population being tested, and the question being asked of the test. (bmj.com)
Monoclonal1
- Immunoglobulin gamma, IgG, mouse monoclonal H&L chain clones or rabbit, goat polyclonal antibodies have 4 parts. (antibodies-shop.com)
Immunoglobulin1
- Anti-cardiolipin antibodies are acquired auto-antibodies produced against cardiolipins and are found in the immunoglobulin classes- IgG, IgM and/or IgA. (thyrocare.com)
Conducted to evaluate1
- Present study was conducted to evaluate the association of IgG anticardiolipin antibodies with instent restenosis in patients having undergone percutaneous intervention with bare metal or drug eluting stents. (who.int)
Detection4
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for detection of anticardiolipin antibodies in a group of 26 patients defined as habitual aborters [at least three consecutive spontaneous abortions], and in a control group of 26 patients each of whom had had at least one live birth without pregnancy wastage. (who.int)
- For a long term storage the kit's components may be frozen at -20 but cycles of freezing and thawing should be strictly avoided as they denaturate the polypeptide chains in the antibodies and controlls, thus causing a reduction in the kit's detection ability and specificity which changes will lead to inconsistant results. (antibodies-shop.com)
- The 2006 revised Sapporo laboratory criteria for APS as previously mentioned includes the lupus anticoagulant tests as well as immunoassays for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to cardiolipin (CL) and β2GPI. (aacc.org)
- I will be addressing the rationale for these suggestions during the course of this presentation with a focus on the immunoassays for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to CL and β2GPI. (aacc.org)
Assays1
- Different assays detect particular antibody properties, which are often quite different, and the clinical importance of this for pathogenesis or diagnosis is rarely fully understood. (bmj.com)
Association2
- The objective of this study was to evaluate association of anticardiolipin IgM antibody with preeclampsia among the 70 pregnant women having preeclampsia from March 2016 to February 2017. (banglajol.info)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Association of anticardiolipin antibodies levels with instent restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. (who.int)
Methods1
- Importantly, the methods for detecting these antibodies are not specified by the ARA, and this article aims to highlight the fact that the particular assay used will crucially influence the interpretation of the test (table 2). (bmj.com)
Occur2
Presence4
- The presence of these antibodies can cause problems with blood flow and lead to dangerous clots in blood vessels throughout the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- Western blot assay confirmed the presence of antibodies to p24, gp41, and gp120/160. (cdc.gov)
- Additionally, 5% to 10% of patients with SLE retinopathy will develop large vessel disease and the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies. (uveitis.org)
- therefore, the presence of aPL antibody is an absolute requirement for the appropriate diagnosis of this disease. (aacc.org)
Differences1
- However, there were significant differences in mean anticardiolipin IgG antibody levels. (who.int)
Levels4
- The mean (±SD) anticardiolipin antibodies levels in cases and controls were 11.8±5.1 GPL/U/ml and 14.3±10.2 GPL/U/ml, respectively. (who.int)
- If levels are elevated, further evaluation, including of complement levels, anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibodies, and neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), could be considered. (medscape.com)
- High levels of APS antibodies raise the risk of blood clots. (nih.gov)
- High levels of APS antibodies in the blood raise the risk of health problems, but some people will never develop blood clots. (nih.gov)
Symptoms1
- You may not have any symptoms, even though you have the antibodies. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients2
- Anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) should be tested in patients with LPh because this may have therapeutic implications. (nih.gov)
- In these patients, antibodies against PLs are specific for a neoepitope constituted by the union of β 2 GPI, a lipid-binding coagulation inhibitor, to the cellular membrane phospholipids ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Tests3
- Tests for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) will also be done. (medlineplus.gov)
- The blood tests look for the three APS antibodies in your blood: anticardiolipin, beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI), and lupus anticoagulant. (nih.gov)
- These are generally referred to as 'criteria' aPL antibody tests. (aacc.org)
Diagnosis1
- Moreover, the anticardiolipin test assists in the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome. (thyrocare.com)
Clinical1
- No test or test panel can currently perform all these tasks because increases in specificity usually lead to reciprocal decreases in sensitivity, and because some of the clinical features of SLE are not antibody mediated. (bmj.com)
Positive4
- Even in categorical distribution when the value was considered as positive by assessing a cut-off, cases had three times more chance to have positive level of anticardiolipin IgM antibody than controls (OR=3.3, 95% CI=1.1-9.6, p=0.046). (banglajol.info)
- Pearson's correlation test revealed that both systolic and diastolic blood pressure had a positive correlation with the level of anticardiolipin IgM antibody. (banglajol.info)
- For aCL IgG and IgM determinations, antibody cut-off values greater than 40 GPL or MPL units or more than the 99th percentile for the testing laboratory's population were recommended to be positive. (aacc.org)
- In the case of a β2GPI IgG and IgM antibodies, cut-off values greater than 99th percentile for the laboratory's population was recommended to determine positive results. (aacc.org)
Test1
- The antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) cause the test to be abnormal in the laboratory. (medlineplus.gov)
Women1
- The present study sought to determine whether the level of anticardiolipin antibodies in women with recurrent abortion differed from that in the general population. (who.int)
People2
- Some people carry the antibodies mentioned above, but do not have APS. (medlineplus.gov)
- In fact, 20% to 30% of people with lupus have antiphospholipid antibodies. (nih.gov)
Term1
- This antibody needs to be stored at + 4°C in a fridge short term in a concentrated dilution. (antibodies-shop.com)
Found1
- Anti-cardiolipin antibodies have been found in some cerebrovascular insufficiency, cerebral ischemia and in myocardial infarction. (thyrocare.com)
History1
- To be diagnosed with APS, you must have APS antibodies and a history of health problems related to the disorder. (nih.gov)
Specific1
- The specific antibodies in APS are called "antiphospholipids" because they attack and damage parts of cells called phospholipids. (nih.gov)
Research1
- Freeze thaw will destroy a percentage in every cycle and should be avoided.Antibody for research use. (antibodies-shop.com)
Study1
- In conclusion, this study shows that anticardiolipin IgM antibody was associated with preeclampsia. (banglajol.info)
Directly1
- The level of this anticardiolipin IgM antibody is directly proportional to the severity of preeclampsia and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (banglajol.info)
Activity1
- One GPL/MPL unit is defined as the cardiolipin-binding activity of 1 g/ml of affinity-purified IgG or IgM aCL antibody. (aacc.org)
Free1
- For storage sodium azide is added or you can call us to request azide free antibody preparations. (antibodies-shop.com)
Disease1
- HIV, hepatitis C, and the bacteria that causes Lyme disease can increase your risk of making APS antibodies or trigger APS. (nih.gov)