Antibiotic prophylaxis. Medical search

Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications.

Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.

A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.

An infection occurring in PUERPERIUM, the period of 6-8 weeks after giving birth.

Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.

Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.

Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.

Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.

Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the external auditory meatus or through the eustachian tube into the nasopharynx. This is usually associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE involving the TEMPORAL BONE;), NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; or other conditions, but may rarely occur spontaneously. (From Am J Otol 1995 Nov;16(6):765-71)

Infections resulting from the implantation of prosthetic devices. The infections may be acquired from intraoperative contamination (early) or hematogenously acquired from other sites (late).

A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.

Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.

The prevention of infection or disease following exposure to a pathogen.

Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression.

Dental care for patients with chronic diseases. These diseases include chronic cardiovascular, endocrinologic, hematologic, immunologic, neoplastic, and renal diseases. The concept does not include dental care for the mentally or physically disabled which is DENTAL CARE FOR DISABLED.

A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.

An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.

Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards.

Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.

A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.

This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.

A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.

Equipment used to prevent contamination of and by patients, especially those with bacterial infections. This includes plastic surgical isolators and isolators used to protect immunocompromised patients.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)

Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.

A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.

A surgical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart, lungs, and esophagus. Two major types of thoracic surgery are classified as pulmonary and cardiovascular.

The use of biological agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of BACTERIA; VIRUSES; or other BIOLOGICAL TOXINS against people, ANIMALS; or PLANTS.

Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.

The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the urinary tract or its organs or demonstration of its physiological processes.

Treatment for the prevention of periodontal diseases or other dental diseases by the cleaning of the teeth in the dental office using the procedures of DENTAL SCALING and DENTAL POLISHING. The treatment may include plaque detection, removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus, application of caries-preventing agents, checking of restorations and prostheses and correcting overhanging margins and proximal contours of restorations, and checking for signs of food impaction.

The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.

Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms.

Substances capable of killing agents causing urinary tract infections or of preventing them from spreading.

Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.

A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.

Fractures which extend through the base of the SKULL, usually involving the PETROUS BONE. Battle's sign (characterized by skin discoloration due to extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue behind the ear and over the mastoid process), CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES, TRAUMATIC; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA are relatively frequent sequelae of this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p876)

Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.

A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human oral and maxillofacial region.

Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.

Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

A severe form of acute INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS characterized by one or more areas of NECROSIS in the pancreas with varying degree of involvement of the surrounding tissues or organ systems. Massive pancreatic necrosis may lead to DIABETES MELLITUS, and malabsorption.

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.

Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.

A group of islands in Melanesia constituting a French overseas territory. The group includes New Caledonia (the main island), Ile des Pins, Loyalty Island, and several other islet groups. The capital is Noumea. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1774 and visited by various navigators, explorers, and traders from 1792 to 1840. Occupied by the French in 1853, it was set up as a penal colony 1864-94. In 1946 it was made a French overseas territory. It was named by Captain Cook with the 5th and 6th century A.D. Latin name for Scotland, Caledonia. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p830 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p375)

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms.

A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.

A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Catheters designed to be left within an organ or passage for an extended period of time.

The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.

The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).

The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

The destruction of germs causing disease.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.

An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.

Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)

The use of chemical compounds to prevent the development of a specific disease.

A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.

A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.

Polyester polymers formed from terephthalic acid or its esters and ethylene glycol. They can be formed into tapes, films or pulled into fibers that are pressed into meshes or woven into fabrics.

INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of heart and vascular diseases.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.

Fractures of the skull which may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating head injuries or rarely BONE DISEASES (see also FRACTURES, SPONTANEOUS). Skull fractures may be classified by location (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR), radiographic appearance (e.g., linear), or based upon cranial integrity (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, DEPRESSED).

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.

Surgical procedure involving either partial or entire removal of the spleen.

Patterns of practice in dentistry related to diagnosis and treatment.

Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.

Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.

The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.

A species of bacteria that causes ANTHRAX in humans and animals.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.

Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the stomach.

An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.

A large heterogeneous group of mostly alpha-hemolytic streptococci. They colonize the respiratory tract at birth and generally have a low degree of pathogenicity. This group of species includes STREPTOCOCCUS MITIS; STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS; STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SOBRINUS; and the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. The latter are often beta-hemolytic and commonly produce invasive pyogenic infections including brain and abdominal abscesses.

Partial or total replacement of a joint.

Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.

Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.

Removal of all or part of the PROSTATE, often using a cystoscope and/or resectoscope passed through the URETHRA.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.

The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles.

Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.

Institutions with an organized medical staff which provide medical care to patients.

A surgical specialty which utilizes medical, surgical, and physical methods to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion.

Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of METHICILLIN, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

Hospitals maintained by a university for the teaching of medical students, postgraduate training programs, and clinical research.

The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based on a bicyclo-thiazine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria.

Any woven or knit material of open texture used in surgery for the repair, reconstruction, or substitution of tissue. The mesh is usually a synthetic fabric made of various polymers. It is occasionally made of metal.

Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Replacement for a knee joint.

A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.

A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.

The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.

Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.

Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (1/1047)

New drugs are needed for preventing drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against P. falciparum in malaria-immune Kenyans was 83%. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesian adults with limited immunity. After radical cure therapy, 300 randomized subjects received azithromycin (148 subjects, 750-mg loading dose followed by 250 mg/d), placebo (77), or doxycycline (75, 100 mg/d). The end point was slide-proven parasitemia. There were 58 P. falciparum and 29 P. vivax prophylaxis failures over 20 weeks. Using incidence rates, the protective efficacy of azithromycin relative to placebo was 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.3-83.8) against P. falciparum malaria and 98.9% (95% CI, 93.1-99.9) against P. vivax malaria. Corresponding figures for doxycycline were 96.3% (95% CI, 85.4-99.6) and 98% (95% CI, 88.0-99.9), respectively. Daily azithromycin offered excellent protection against P. vivax malaria but modest protection against P. falciparum malaria. (+info)

Infections associated with dental procedures in total hip arthroplasty. (2/1047)

Dental procedures may lead to a transient bacteraemia lasting for up to 30 minutes. Of the numerous cases of total hip arthroplasty (THA) reported which have been infected from haematogenous sources, dental procedures have been involved only infrequently. We reviewed the records of 2973 patients after THA. Of the late infections identified in 52 patients, three (6%) were strongly associated with a dental procedure. Infection was diagnosed by culture from the affected joint; Streptococcus viridans was identified in two cases and Peptostreptococcus in one. One patient had diabetes mellitus and another rheumatoid arthritis, both conditions predisposing to infection. The dental operations all lasted for more than 45 minutes and no patient received perioperative antibiotics. Infection of a THA after dental procedures is more common than has been previously suspected. Patients with systemic disease, or who are undergoing extensive procedures, should be considered for prophylactic antibiotic treatment. (+info)

Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. (3/1047)

BACKGROUND: In patients with persistent fever and neutropenia, amphotericin B is administered empirically for the early treatment and prevention of clinically occult invasive fungal infections. However, breakthrough fungal infections can develop despite treatment, and amphotericin B has substantial toxicity. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing liposomal amphotericin B with conventional amphotericin B as empirical antifungal therapy. RESULTS: The mean duration of therapy was 10.8 days for liposomal amphotericin B (343 patients) and 10.3 days for conventional amphotericin B (344 patients). The composite rates of successful treatment were similar (50 percent for liposomal amphotericin B and 49 percent for conventional amphotericin B) and were independent of the use of antifungal prophylaxis or colony-stimulating factors. The outcomes were similar with liposomal amphotericin B and conventional amphotericin B with respect to survival (93 percent and 90 percent, respectively), resolution of fever (58 percent and 58 percent), and discontinuation of the study drug because of toxic effects or lack of efficacy (14 percent and 19 percent). There were fewer proved breakthrough fungal infections among patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B (11 patients [3.2 percent]) than among those treated with conventional amphotericin B (27 patients [7.8 percent], P=0.009). With the liposomal preparation significantly fewer patients had infusion-related fever (17 percent vs. 44 percent), chills or rigors (18 percent vs. 54 percent), and other reactions, including hypotension, hypertension, and hypoxia. Nephrotoxic effects (defined by a serum creatinine level two times the upper limit of normal) were significantly less frequent among patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B (19 percent) than among those treated with conventional amphotericin B (34 percent, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Liposomal amphotericin B is as effective as conventional amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with fever and neutropenia, and it is associated with fewer breakthrough fungal infections, less infusion-related toxicity, and less nephrotoxicity. (+info)

Infective endocarditis and dentistry: outcome-based research. (4/1047)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis has long been recommended for patients receiving dental care. Two studies of patients with endocarditis found limited risk associated with dental treatment. It is imperative that guidelines for therapy be based on outcome studies and on evidence of safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness. (+info)

Review article: antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). (5/1047)

This review examines the evidence for antibiotic prophylaxis in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography (ERCP), and provides detailed advice about suitable antibiotic regimens in appropriate high-risk patients. Ascending cholangitis and infective endocarditis are potential complications of endoscopic ERCP. The pathophysiology of these two complications is quite separate and different sub-groups of patients require prophylaxis with appropriate antibiotic regimens. Ascending cholangitis results from bacterial infection of an obstructed biliary system, usually from enteric Gram-negative microorganisms, resulting in bacteraemia. There is incomplete drainage of the biliary system after ERCP in up to 10% of patients who require stenting. Antibiotics started in these patients will probably reduce the frequency of cholangitis by 80%. If antibiotics are restricted to this group, approximately 90% of all patients having an ERCP will avoid antibiotics, but 80% of cholangitic episodes will be prevented. Infective endocarditis may result from the bacteraemia caused at the time of the ERCP in patients with an abnormal heart valve. Antibiotic prophylaxis, in particular covering alpha-haemolytic streptococci, should be started before the procedure in this defined high-risk group. (+info)

Implementing a policy for pneumococcal prophylaxis in a haematology unit after splenectomy. (6/1047)

People who have had a splenectomy for any reason are 40 times more likely to have an overwhelming infection, especially pneumococcal infection, and 17 times more likely to suffer fatal sepsis. The incidence of such life threatening infections is reduced by prophylactic immunisation with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine and long term antibiotic prophylaxis or instituting prompt antibiotic treatment in the event of fever. This haematology unit agreed a policy of immunisation and antibiotic prophylaxis in June 1988 for all patients undergoing elective splenectomy. The success of this policy was audited in July 1993 by a retrospective analysis of patients' case notes. Seventy four patients were identified as having had a splenectomy, 54 (73%) before June 1988, of whom only 13 (24%) had received both pneumococcal immunisation and antibiotic prophylaxis before implementation of the agreed policy. At the time of audit, 46/74 (62%) patients were recorded as having received immunisation and 64/74 (86%) as receiving antibiotic prophylaxis or a supply of antibiotics to take in the event of a fever. All but one of the 20 patients who had a splenectomy after June 1988, since implementation of the agreed policy, received immunisation and antibiotic prophylaxis. The authors conclude that establishment of a formal agreed policy for pneumococcal prophylaxis for patients undergoing splenectomy has improved the quality of care. (+info)

Neutropenic infections in 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease treated with high-dose BEAM chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant: out-patient treatment is a viable option. (7/1047)

A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 75) or Hodgkin's disease (HD, n = 25) who underwent peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant (PBPCT) following high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with BCNU, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) between March 1994 and June 1997. Following PBPCT and until engraftment all patients received oral ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, patients with positive Herpes simplex virus serology received acyclovir and 91 patients received filgrastim. The median days of neutropenia and days to an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >500/mm3 were 6 and 9, respectively. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 68 patients. Gram-positive bacteremia occurred in 14 patients. No gram-negative infections, invasive fungal infections, intensive care visits or deaths occurred during the period of neutropenia or in the first 30 days following transplant. In multivariate logistic regression the risk of development of any infection was associated only with the duration of neutropenia (P = 0.02) and the risk of bacteremia was associated only with the number of CD34+ cells infused (P = 0.046). Among 49 patients treated in the outpatient setting, 14 (28%) were never admitted. High-dose chemotherapy with BEAM supported by PBPCT, prophylactic antibiotics and filgrastim resulted in a low incidence of infections and no acute mortality. WBC engraftment occurred rapidly allowing for a predictable course during which lengthy hospital stays and amphotericin therapy could be avoided. (+info)

Infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, incidence, and indications for antibiotic prophylaxis. (8/1047)

BACKGROUND: The literature on infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is virtually confined to case reports. Consequently, the risk of endocarditis in HCM remains undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the occurrence of endocarditis in 810 HCM patients evaluated between 1970 and 1997. Endocarditis was diagnosed in 10 patients, 2 of whom were excluded from analysis of prevalence and incidence because they were referred for acute endocarditis. At first evaluation, echocardiographic features consistent with prior endocarditis were identified in 3 of 808 patients, a prevalence of 3.7 per 1000 patients (95% CI, 0.8 to 11). Of 681 patients who were followed, 5 developed endocarditis, an incidence of 1.4 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 0.5 to 3.2); outflow obstruction was present in each of these 5 patients and was associated with the risk of endocarditis (P=0.006). In the 224 obstructive patients, incidence of endocarditis was 3.8 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 1.6 to 8.9) and probability of endocarditis 4. 3% at 10 years. Left atrial size was also associated with the risk of endocarditis (P=0.007). In patients with both obstruction and atrial dilatation (>/=50 mm), incidence of endocarditis increased to 9.2 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 2.5 to 23.5). Analysis of all 10 patients with endocarditis identified outflow obstruction in each and atrial dilatation in 7. CONCLUSIONS: Endocarditis in HCM is virtually confined to patients with outflow obstruction and is more common in those with both obstruction and atrial dilatation. These results indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis is required only in patients with obstructive HCM. (+info)

Sanchez-Manuel, FJ; Lozano-García, J; Seco-Gil, JL (15 February 2012). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for hernia repair". The Cochrane ... In general, it is not recommended to administer antibiotics as prophylaxis after elective inguinal hernia repair. However, the ... rate of wound infection determines the appropriate use of the antibiotics.[78] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguinal_hernia_surgery

Dental antibiotic prophylaxis • Dental anesthesia • Dental arches • Dental assistant • Dental avulsion • Dental auxiliary • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_oral_health_and_dental_articles

Gomelsky, A.; Dmochowski, RR (2003). "Antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic prosthetic surgery". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 9 ... antibiotic irrigation and antibiotic-coated implants. The "No-Touch" technique is unique in that it aims at preventing ... Paired with the antibiotic-coated implant, the "No Touch" Technique decreases infection to a rate of 0.46%, opposing the ... Carson, CC (2004). "Efficacy of antibiotic impregnation of inflatable penile prostheses in decreasing infection in original ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalloplasty

Allen, George (2007). "Cell saver blood transfusions; colorectal surgery antibiotic prophylaxis; preoperative clinics; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Durie

"Non-Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections". Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) (Review). 5 (2): 36. doi:10.3390/ ... Antibiotic sensitivity can also be tested with these cultures, making them useful in the selection of antibiotic treatment. ... "Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections after removal of urinary catheter: meta-analysis". BMJ. 346: f3147. doi: ... the use of vaginal estrogen from pessaries has not been as useful as low dose antibiotics.[54] Antibiotics following short term ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_Tract_Infections

"Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing burn wound infection". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD008738. doi: ... Intravenous antibiotics are recommended before surgery for those with extensive burns (,60% TBSA).[70] As of 2008[update], ... While topical antibiotics are often recommended, there is little evidence to support their use.[61][62] Silver sulfadiazine (a ... guidelines do not recommend their general use due to concerns regarding antibiotic resistance[61] and the increased risk of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn

Smaill, Fiona M.; Grivell, Rosalie M. (2014-10-28). "Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection ... Antibiotic prophylaxis is used before an incision.[55] The uterus is incised, and this incision is extended with blunt pressure ... and routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections is recommended.[64] Infection can occur in around 8% of women ... Antibiotics. European travelers in the Great Lakes region of Africa during the 19th century observed Caesarean sections being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-section

A Cochrane Review sought to evaluate the effects of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for endophthalmitis following cataract ... Christy NE, Sommer A (1979). "Antibiotic prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis". Annals of Ophthalmology. 11 (8): 1261- ... Also, the review showed moderate evidence that antibiotic eye drops (levofloxacin or chloramphenicol) with antibiotic ... Even though antibiotics can have negative impacts on the retina in high concentrations, the facts that visual acuity worsens in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endophthalmitis

Medeiros, Iara Marques; Saconato, Humberto (2001). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites". Cochrane Database of ... Antibiotics to prevent infection are recommended for dog and cat bites of the hand, and human bites if they are more than ... Evidence for antibiotics to prevent infection in bites in other areas is not clear. The first choice is amoxicillin with ... The advent of antibiotics improved the outcome of bite wound infections. Animal bites where skin has been penetrated, most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_bite

October 2003). "Antibiotic prophylaxis: problems in paradise". Dent Clin North Am. 47 (4): 665-79. doi:10.1016/S0011-8532(03) ... When antibiotics began to appear, interest in colostrum waned, but, now that antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens have ... Before the development of antibiotics, colostrum was the main source of immunoglobulins used to fight bacteria. In fact, when ... be used to reduce the duration and severity of infections so it can be a useful tool to include in the reduction of antibiotic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostrum

Indefinite daily topical antibiotic prophylaxis. Lifelong topical steroids. Close follow-up with an ophthalmologist to monitor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_keratoprosthesis

Zani EL, Clark OA, Rodrigues Netto N (May 2011). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy". The Cochrane ... Antibiotics should be used to prevent complications such as fever, urinary tract infections, and sepsis even if the most ... Yaghi MD, Kehinde EO (2015). "Oral antibiotics in trans-rectal prostate biopsy and its efficacy to reduce infectious ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Brand, M; Bizos, D; O'Farrell P, Jr (6 October 2010). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective endoscopic ... Antibiotics are continued for 7-10 days.[1] Drugs that increase the blood pressure (vasopressors) may also be required to ... Fluids and antibiotics[edit]. Cholangitis requires admission to hospital. Intravenous fluids are administered, especially if ... Initial treatment is with intravenous fluids and antibiotics, but there is often an underlying problem (such as gallstones or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascending_cholangitis

Antibiotic concentration in tissue fluid during the vulnerable period as rational basis for prophylaxis of post-operative ... 1995: Dynamic Antibiotic Switching Therapy (DAST), a new form of antibiotic treatment: changing the antibiotic regimen every 24 ... Prophylaxis of postoperative infections. Infection, 19;S337-343, 1991. Condon RE, Wittmann DH: The Use of Antibiotics in ... Wittmann, DH, Schein, M: Let us shorten antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy in surgery. American Journal of Surgery. 172(6A):26S ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietmar_Wittmann

Smaill, Fiona M; Grivell, Rosalie M (28 October 2014). "Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection ... Antibiotic prophylaxis is used before an incision. The uterus is incised, and this incision is extended with blunt pressure ... and routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections was found by a meta-analysis to substantially reduce the ... Taking antibiotics before skin incision rather than after cord clamping reduces the risk for the mother, without increasing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarean_section

Wolf, Joshua (2015). "Antibiotic resistance threatens the efficacy of prophylaxis". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 15 (12): ... "Potential of old-generation antibiotics to address current need for new antibiotics". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 6 (5): 593- ... Polymyxins are antibiotics. Polymyxins B and E (also known as colistin) are used in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial ... Antibiotic resistance to this drug has been increasing, especially in southern China. Recently the gene mcr-1, which confers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymyxin

Marschall J, Carpenter CR, Fowler S, Trautner BW (2013). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections after removal of ... Beerepoot M, Geerlings S (April 2016). "Non-Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections". Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland ... Antibiotic sensitivity can also be tested with these cultures, making them useful in the selection of antibiotic treatment. ... a short course of antibiotics may be taken as soon as symptoms begin or long-term antibiotics may be used as a preventive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection

Antibiotic therapy to prevent streptococcal infection ( Prophylaxis ). Steroids to suppress immunity. Provide high calories & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulonephritis

Antibiotic prophylaxis are provided to the patient. Pre-surgical biliary stenting (a tube used to keep the biliary duct open) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choledochoduodenostomy

Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta- ... Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. „Cochrane Database Syst Rev", s. CD002907, 2002. ... Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal hemorrhage: a randomized trial. „ ... Antibiotic prophylaxis in variceal hemorrhage: timing, effectiveness and Clostridium difficile rates. „World J Gastroenterol". ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krwawienie_z_przewodu_pokarmowego

"Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... Use of prophylactic antibiotics is controversial; however, a dose may be given prior to surgery to prevent infection in certain ... It consists of treatment with intravenous antibiotics and fluids. ERCP, short for endoscopic retrograde ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystectomy

Antibiotic prophylaxis in neutropenic patients: new evidence, practical decisions. „Cancer". 107 (8), s. 1743-51, Oct 2006. DOI ... Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society ...

https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostra_białaczka_szpikowa

"Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy". The Cochrane Database ... Cytotoxic antibiotics[edit]. The cytotoxic antibiotics are a varied group of drugs that have various mechanisms of action. The ... Although prophylaxis is available and is often initiated in patients with large tumors, this is a dangerous side-effect that ... Mitomycin is a cytotoxic antibiotic with the ability to alkylate DNA.[60] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

Antibiotics[edit]. Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis is another method of prevention, particularly of meningococcal meningitis ... Antibiotics[edit]. Structural formula of ceftriaxone, one of the third-generation cefalosporin antibiotics recommended for the ... Ratilal BO, Costa J, Pappamikail L, Sampaio C (April 2015). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing meningitis in patients with ... some antibiotics have inadequate penetrance and therefore have little use in meningitis. Most of the antibiotics used in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

"Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... is an antibiotic that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. It is used to treat urinary tract infections, ... 1998). "Norfloxacin primary prophylaxis of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites: a double-blind randomized ... Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfloxacin

"Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... Antibiotics are prescribed for infections, and various medications can help with itching. Laxatives, such as lactulose, ... Common first line treatment may include lactulose, or the antibiotic rifaximin. Protein uptake is encouraged to at least match ... antibiotics, laxatives or enemas, thiamine and occasionally steroids, acetylcysteine and pentoxifylline. Administration of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirrhosis

Verschuur HP, de Wever WW, van Benthem PP (2004). "Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated ear surgery". The ... If antibiotics are used, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic like amoxicillin is generally recommended, as broad-spectrum antibiotics ... In AOM, antibiotics may speed recovery but may result in side effects. Antibiotics are often recommended in those with severe ... Topical antibiotics are of uncertain benefit as of 2020. Some evidence suggests that topical antibiotics may be useful either ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_media

... antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of surgical site infections when the antibiotics are given during surgery and continued ... "Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing infectious complications in orthognathic surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... Doctors will prescribe pain medication and prophylactic antibiotics to the patient. There is often a large amount of swelling ... and the consumption of antibiotics. Cleaning of the mouth should always be done regardless of surgery to ensure healthy, strong ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthognathic_surgery

Actually, the main treatment is antibiotic and antifungal prophylaxis. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation is possible and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_b-245,_alpha_polypeptide

Antimalarial medications and antibiotics are often used before the diagnosis is confirmed,[135] though there is no evidence to ... "Emerging targets and novel approaches to Ebola virus prophylaxis and treatment". BioDrugs. 27 (6): 565-83. doi:10.1007/s40259- ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Thus, prophylaxis with a 1% silver nitrate solution is no longer in common use.[4] In most countries neomycin and ... Antibiotic ointment is typically applied to the newborn's eyes within 1 hour of birth as prevention against gonococcal ... Prophylaxis needs antenatal, natal, and post-natal care. *Antenatal measures include thorough care of mother and treatment of ... Antibiotic ointment is typically applied to the newborn's eyes within 1 hour of birth as prevention against gonococcal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_conjunctivitis

In addition to active treatment of prostate cancer, antiandrogens are effective as prophylaxis (preventatives) in reducing the ... AR antagonists have been found much less effective compared to established treatments like benzoyl peroxide and antibiotics.[ ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiandrogen

ref name="CochraneAR20132",{{Cite journal,last=Kenealy,first=T,last2=Arroll,first2=B,date=4 June 2013,title=Antibiotics for the ... Examining the evidence for the use of vitamin C in the prophylaxis and treatment of the common cold,url=,journal=Journal of the ... Appropriate Antibiotic Use for Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults: Advice for High-Value Care From the American ... Antibiotics for the common cold and acute purulent rhinitis,url=,journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,language= ...

https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciale:MobileDiff/2102939

Green H, Paul M, Vidal L, Leibovici L (2007). Green, Hefziba (pat.). "Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV ... Kabra SK; Lodha R, Pandey RM (2010). Kabra, Sushil K (pat.). "Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children". ... medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and adults". Cochrane Database Syst ... "Empiric antibiotic coverage of atypical pathogens for community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adults". Cochrane database ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonya

Claman JM (June 1993). "The potential effectiveness of moclobemide, the new monoamine oxidase inhibitor, in the prophylaxis of ... as an antidepressant came about after it was initially investigated as a possible lipid lowering drug or antibiotic; when tests ... failed to demonstrate any antibiotic or antilipaemic properties; it was then tested for anti-cholinergic properties to see if ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moclobemide

safe sex - safer sex - salmonella - salvage therapy - SAMHSA - sarcoma - seborrheic dermatitis - secondary prophylaxis - sepsis ... antibiotic - antibodies - antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) - antibody-mediated immunity - antifungal ... post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) - PPD test - pre-conception counseling - preclinical - precursor cells - prevalence - primary ... prophylaxis - protease - protease inhibitors - protease-sparing regimen - proteins - protocol - protozoa - provirus - pruritus ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

... and antibiotics if infection occurs.[13] If perforation of the nasal septum occurs (or saddle nose deformity), then surgical ... Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is a common complication and prophylaxis against this pathogen is recommended.[8] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulomatosis_with_polyangiitis

"Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to the implantation of pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators: Results of a large ... An antibiotic is typically administered to prevent infection.[12] In most cases, the pacemaker is inserted in the left shoulder ... Some medical procedures may require the use of antibiotics to be administered before the procedure. The patient should inform ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cardiac_pacemaker

"Antiretroviral post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for occupational HIV exposure". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) ... Cunha, Burke (2012). Antibiotic Essentials 2012 (11 ed.). Jones & Bartlett Publishers. p. 303. ISBN 9781449693831.. ... Kripke, C (1 de agosto de 2007). "Antiretroviral prophylaxis for occupational exposure to HIV". American family physician 76 (3 ... 1 June 2013). "Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir ...

https://gl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Síndrome_de_inmunodeficiencia_adquirida

Antibiotics are often prescribed even though antibiotic side effects cause overall harm.[43][44] Antibiotics are commonly ... Al-Nakib, W; Higgins, PG; Barrow, I; Batstone, G; Tyrrell, DA (Dec 1987). "Prophylaxis and treatment of rhinovirus colds with ... Antibiotics and antivirals[change , change source]. Antibiotics have no effect against viral infections and thus have no effect ... The use of antibiotic prescriptions has implications for antibiotic resistance.[63] An estimated 22 million to 189 million ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_cold

"CDC Recommends against the Use of Amantadine and Rimantadine for the Treatment or Prophylaxis of Influenza in the United States ... In later pandemics antibiotics were available to control secondary infections and this may have helped reduce mortality ... antibiotics have no effect on the infection; unless prescribed for secondary infections such as bacterial pneumonia. Antiviral ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza

July 2004). "High-dose riboflavin treatment is efficacious in migraine prophylaxis: an open study in a tertiary care centre". ... organism has been genetically modified to both increase the bacteria's production of riboflavin and to introduce an antibiotic ... Thompson, DF; Saluja, HS (August 2017). "Prophylaxis of migraine headaches with riboflavin: A systematic review". Journal of ... Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M (Feb 1998). "Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin

Altunaiji S, Kukuruzovic R, Curtis N, Massie J. Antibiotics for whooping cough (pertussis). Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2007 ... Recommended antimicrobial agents for the treatment and postexposure prophylaxis of pertussis: 2005 CDC Giudelines. MMWR Recomm ...

https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garais_klepus

Antibiotic resistance. Main article: Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea. Many antibiotics that were once effective including ... "Prophylaxis for Gonococcal and Chlamydial Ophthalmia Neonatorum in the Canadian Guide to Clinical Preventative Health Care" ( ... Addition of topical antibiotics have not been shown to improve cure rates compared to oral antibiotics alone in treatment of ... "Antibiotic-resistant gonorrhoea on the rise, new drugs needed". World Health Organization. 7 July 2017. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea

2013). Molecular Vaccines: From Prophylaxis to Therapy. 1. Springer. p. 4. ISBN 978-3-7091-1419-3.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Louis_Pasteur

An example of a chemotherapeutic agent is an antiseptic such as Chlorhexidine mouth-rinse or antibiotics. Thus, antibiotics are ... This can be removed through the procedure of a dental prophylaxis.[15] ... In the case of an immunocompromised patient antibiotics should be prescribed. Assessment of treatment should be done after 24 ... Usually supra gingival (above gums) and sub gingival (under gums) debridement and antibiotics are sometimes necessary. To ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontics

October 2003). "Antibiotic prophylaxis: problems in paradise". Dent Clin North Am. 47 (4): 665-79. doi:10.1016/S0011-8532(03) ... When antibiotics began to appear, interest in colostrum waned, but, now that antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens have ... Before the development of antibiotics, colostrum was the main source of immunoglobulins used to fight bacteria. In fact, when ... developed, interest is once again returning to natural alternatives to antibiotics, namely, colostrum.[53] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colostrum

2009). "Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to the implantation of pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators: Results of ...

https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/કૃત્રિમ_પેસમેકર

... prophylaxis) in the United States is nitarsone at 0.01875% of feed until 5 days before marketing. Natustat and nitarsone were ... "Concurrent occurrence of salmonellosis, colibaccillosis and histomoniasis in a broiler flock fed with antibiotic-free ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackhead_disease

Prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended in people who has SIRS without any infectious origin such as acute ... Frequent infusions of beta-lactam antibiotics without exceeding total daily dose would help to keep the antibiotics level above ... broad-spectrum antibiotics (usually two, a β-lactam antibiotic with broad coverage, or broad-spectrum carbapenem combined with ... The choice of antibiotics is important in determining the survival of the person.[51][6] Some recommend they be given within ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis

Lisa A. Snider, Lorraine Lougee, Marcia Slattery u. a.: Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Azithromycin or Penicillin for Childhood- ... Lisa A Snider, Lorraine Lougee, Marcia Slattery, Paul Grant, Susan Swedo: Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Azithromycin or ... a b Antibiotic Treatment Trial for the PANDAS/PANS Phenotype (AZT). Abgerufen am 13. April 2013 (englisch). ...

https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatric_Acute-onset_Neuropsychiatric_Syndrome

Brand, M; Bizos, D; O'Farrell P, Jr (6 October 2010). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective endoscopic ... antibiotic) ଦିଆଯାଏ କିନ୍ତୁ ଅନ୍ତର୍ନିହିତ ସମସ୍ୟା ଯେପରିକି ପିତ୍ତାସ୍ମରୀ ଓ ସରୁ ପିତ୍ତନଳୀ narrowing ହୋଇଯାଇଥାଇପାରେ । ତେଣୁ ଏଣ୍ଡୋସ୍କୋପି ( ...

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/ଆସେଣ୍ଡିଙ୍ଗ_କୋଲାଞ୍ଜାଇଟିସ

Occasionally, an antibiotic is prescribed as well. Cases of brown recluse venom traveling along a limb through a vein or artery ... and tetanus prophylaxis. Many other therapies have been used with varying degrees of success, including hyperbaric oxygen, ... Antibiotics are not recommended unless there is a credible diagnosis of infection.[54] ... dapsone, antihistamines (e.g., cyproheptadine), antibiotics, dextran, glucocorticoids, vasodilators, heparin, nitroglycerin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_recluse_spider

Antibiotic resistance. *Antiviral drug. *BCG disease outbreak in Finland in the 2000s ... Prophylaxis. *Public health. *Quarantine. *Recombinant DNA. *Science and technology in the United States ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vaccine_topics

en:Antibiotic misuse (6) → 항생제 오용 *en:Anti-diabetic medication (25) → 경구 혈당 강하제 ... en:Malaria prophylaxis (2). *en:Malassezia furfur (14). *en:Malnutrition in children (4) ...

https://ko.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/위키백과:미번역_문서/의학

General Background: Antibiotic Agents»։ Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics։ Վերցված է 21 December 2014 ... Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society ... Keep Antibiotics Working»։ Keep Antibiotics Working։ Արխիվացված է օրիգինալից 18 November 2010-ին։ Վերցված է 21 May 2010 ,df=. ... Antibiotics: MedlinePlus»։ NIH.gov։ Վերցված է 19 July 2016 *«WHO's first global report on antibiotic resistance reveals serious ...

https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Անտիբիոտիկներ

Antibiotic prophylaxis after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. BMJ 2010; 341 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c2898 ( ... conventional practice is to use prophylactic systemic antibiotics. International guidelines recommend the use of intravenous co ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c2898

Recommendations for use of antibiotics before dental treatment for patients with certain heart conditions and those with joint ... JADA Editorial, Antibiotics: The good, the bad, the ugly *Search the ADA Catalog for products related to antibiotic prophylaxis ... The recommendation is that for patients with an indication for antibiotic prophylaxis, the antibiotic be given before the ... dental prophylaxis), the antibiotic prophylaxis regimen should be repeated prior to the second appointment. Because of the ...

https://www.ada.org/en/member-center/oral-health-topics/antibiotic-prophylaxis

Antibiotic Prophylaxis In 2011, 100% of Highland Hospitals knee replacement patients had their antibiotics discontinued within ... Prophylactic antibiotics should be discontinued within 24 hours after the surgery end time to prevent patients from developing ... The benefits of selective peri-operative antibiotic use have been repeatedly demonstrated since the 1960s ( Archives of Surgery ... should receive a prophylactic antibiotic within one hour prior to the surgical incision being made. ...

https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/highland/quality-of-care/knee-replacement/kneeanti.aspx

Notice to Readers: Evaluation of Postexposure Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Anthrax. In response to the recent bioterrorist ... postexposure antibiotic prophylaxis was recommended. Interviews are scheduled to begin in late January 2002 and will continue ... were recommended to take at least 60 days of postexposure anti-biotic prophylaxis. Surveillance for adverse events and ... postexposure prophylaxis campaigns and to comply with Food and Drug Administration regulations for monitoring for adverse ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5103a4.htm

... , Prophylactic Antibiotics in Surgery, Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Surgery, Surgical Site ... Infection Prevention, Surgical Site Infection, Prosthetic Joint Infection Prophylaxis. ... Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Aka: Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Prophylactic Antibiotics ... Antibiotics do not prevent infection in clean surgery. *Antibiotic prophylaxis not recommended in:. *Nosocomial Infection ...

https://fpnotebook.com/Surgery/Prevent/SrgclAntbtcPrphylxs.htm

Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 294 :1199 ... Fibreoptic bronchoscopy and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis.. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 294 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/ ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/294/6581/1199

... Marc Cendron Department of Pediatric Urology, Childrens ... S. Ragnar Norrby, "Urinary tract infections," Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, pp. 694-701, 2010. View at Publisher · View at ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/au/2008/825475/citations/

... your surgeon may recommend antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures. Learn more about the antibiotic. ... If you hear the term antibiotic prophylaxis and think, "its all greek to me," thats because, well... it is. Prophylaxis is ... Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics. Amoxicillin is the most commonly prescribed oral medication for antibiotic prophylaxis. If ... "appropriate antibiotic prescribing means antibiotics are only prescribed when needed, and when needed, the right antibiotic is ...

https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/threats-to-dental-health/what-is-antibiotic-prophylaxis

Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Dentistry Back in the early 1980s, dental students were taught that during invasive dental ... Compared to previous guidelines, there are currently only a few medical conditions for which antibiotic prophylaxis is required ... Despite being largely based on expert opinion, the rationale for antibiotic prophylaxis was never a precise science, containing ... Despite a shift in philosophy regarding antibiotic prophylaxis and dentistry, some dentists and medical doctors create ...

https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/antibiotic-prophylaxis-and-dentistry

Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis Patterns. Rodney K. Edwards,1 Whitney E. Jamie,1 Donald ... Objective: To compare the relative effects of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis regimens on patterns of early-onset neonatal ... The cause of this shift in pathogen prevalence is uncertain and seemingly unrelated to intrapartum antibiotic exposure. ... The drug employed for prophylaxis did not appear to affect the pattern of sepsis cases. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/idog/2003/459392/abs/

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Official Title ICMJE Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin-sulbactam and Placebo ... indication of obligatory antibiotic prophylaxis because the medical condition was different from biliary disease ( ... The trial aims to assess the value of two-regimen antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo in elective laparoscopic ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT01888822

continuous antibiotic prophylaxis. CI - confidence interval. HN - hydronephrosis. OR - odds ratio. SFU - Society for Fetal ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections in Antenatal Hydronephrosis. Luis H. Braga, Hana Mijovic, Forough ... Is antibiotic prophylaxis necessary in infants with obstructive hydronephrosis? J Urol. 2007;177(3):1098-1101, discussion 1101 ... Antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric urology: an update. Curr Urol Rep. 2011;12(2):126-131pmid:21229337. ...

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/1/e251

Use of preexposure antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis control has been limited by concerns about acceptability and adverse ... CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis was acceptable and not followed by increases in risky behavior. Larger trials ... GOAL: The goal was to determine whether persons at high risk for syphilis accept antibiotic prophylaxis and if so, whether they ... BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Use of preexposure antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis control has been limited by concerns about ...

https://www.rand.org/pubs/external_publications/EP20031105.html

Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Orthopaedic Traumatology. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Orthopaedic Traumatology: A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Duration of Administration. ... However, the optimal duration of antibiotic prophylaxis after orthopaedic trauma surgery is not well-defined. Most studies ... A prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis. ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00610987?term=prosthetic+limbs&recr=Open&rank=17

Antibiotic prophylaxis in domestic animal feed mixes has been employed in America since at least 1970. Antibiotic prophylaxis ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prior to Dental Procedures" healthline.com: "About antibiotic prophylaxis" Ahmed, Haroon; Davies, Freya ... Parenteral systemic antibiotics seem to be more appropriate than oral or topical antibiotics because the chosen antibiotics ... Antibiotic prophylaxis in domestic animal feed mixes has been employed in America since at least 1970. Over time, the use of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotic_prophylaxis

Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis is not only unnecessary for patients with indwelling catheters, it is contraindicated, ... What is the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of neurogenic bladder?) and What is the role of antibiotic ... Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections in children with spina bifida on intermittent catheterization. J Urol. 2011 ... Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis is not only unnecessary for patients with indwelling catheters, it is contraindicated, ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/453539-51606/what-is-the-role-of-antibiotic-prophylaxis-in-the-treatment-of-neurogenic-bladder

Dental antibiotic prophylaxis is the administration of antibiotics to a dental patient for prevention of harmful consequences ... Increasing concerns regarding rise in antibiotic resistance have also pushed for change in advice on antibiotic prophylaxis, ... has now opposed the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry. Unsatisfactory evidence to conclude whether antibiotic ... Lockhart PB, Loven B, Brennan MT, Fox PC (April 2007). "The evidence base for the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_antibiotic_prophylaxis

"An increase in infection rates and a decline in the efficacy of prophylaxis may be a reflection of growing antibiotic ... The effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infection following appendectomy, cesarean section, and transrectal ... Study authors suggest that rising antibiotic resistance could be reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing ... A new study in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology found that prophylactic antibiotics are becoming less effective at ...

https://uspharmacist.com/article/antibiotic-prophylaxis-less-effective-for-colorectal-surgery

Antibiotic prophylaxis is only one way to reduce the risk of post-operative infection. ... Associated measures to antibiotic prophylaxis in urology. Published 30 June 2019 Urinary tract infections are amongst the most ... Antibiotic prophylaxis represents one way to prevent SSI but various other measures should be known and considered by ... Antibiotic prophylaxis is only one way to reduce the risk of post-operative infection. Our aim was to establish a review of the ...

https://www.urotoday.com/2014-09-18-02-47-34/infections-main/113517-associated-measures-to-antibiotic-prophylaxis-in-urology.html

Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy. Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and ... Several classes of antibiotics are effective for prophylaxis in prostate biopsy, with the quinolones the best analysed class. ... Antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in preventing infectious complications following TRPB. There is no definitive data to ... For antibiotic versus antibiotic + enema, only the risk of bacteremia (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.75) was diminished in the ...

https://www.cochrane.org/CD006576/PROSTATE_antibiotic-prophylaxis-for-transrectal-prostate-biopsy

To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo or no prophylaxis for patients undergoing ... Randomised clinical trials comparing antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo or no prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective ... We found no statistically significant differences between antibiotic prophylaxis and no prophylaxis in the proportion of ... Antibiotic prophylaxis for elective gallbladder surgery. Elective gallbladder surgery is the most common elective surgical ...

https://www.cochrane.org/CD005265/LIVER_antibiotic-prophylaxis-for-elective-gallbladder-surgery

... and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) to prevent IE was first recommended by the American Heart Association in 1955. ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2017 Feb;19(2):9. doi: 10.1007/s11908-017-0564-y. ... and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) to prevent IE was first recommended by the American Heart Association in 1955. ... Recognising the weak evidence to support this practice and the wider risks of anaphylaxis and antibiotic resistance, guidelines ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28233191/

A randomized trial was performed to support the contention that prophylactic antibiotics can reduce the incidence of ... 10401845 - Preoperative antibiotics and steroids in vestibular schwannoma excision.. 3437425 - Septic bursitis: presentation, ... A randomized trial was performed to support the contention that prophylactic antibiotics can reduce the incidence of ... 11063105 - The efficacy and cost of prophylactic and perioprocedural antibiotics in patients with .... ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Antibiotic-prophylaxis-in-neurosurgery-randomized/6368765.html

Instead, individual physicians decided whether to give patients postop antibiotics. ... based Wesley Medical Center halted use of mandatory postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, according to Renal & Urology News. ... Does postop antibiotic prophylaxis reduce SSI? 5 notes Written by Megan Wood , July 06, 2016 , Print , Email ... 5. Researchers concluded no benefits exist in "continuing antibiotic prophylaxis postoperatively.". More articles on quality & ...

https://www.beckersasc.com/asc-quality-infection-control/does-postop-antibiotic-prophylaxis-reduce-ssi-5-notes.html?tmpl=component&

Associations of Antibiotic Prophylaxis with chemical compounds. *Antibiotic prophylaxis with azithromycin or penicillin for ... Gene context of Antibiotic Prophylaxis. *To better target patients in whom antibiotic prophylaxis could be beneficial, we ... Disease relevance of Antibiotic Prophylaxis. *BACKGROUND & AIMS: Antibiotic prophylaxis in severe pancreatitis has recently ... Antibiotic prophylaxis for ERCP: a comparison of oral ciprofloxacin with intravenous cephazolin in the prophylaxis of high-risk ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/17171.html

Antibiotic selection is influenced by the organism most commonly causing wound infection in the specific procedure and by the ... Timing of antibiotic administration is critical to efficacy. The first dose should always be given before the procedure, ... Prophylaxis is uniformly recommended for all clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty procedures. It is considered optional ... Readministration at one to two half-lives of the antibiotic is recommended for the duration of the procedure. In general, ...

https://www.aafp.org/afp/1998/0601/p2731.html

... the effectiveness of providing a single 1-dose therapy of antibiotic prophylaxis versus a 5-day antibiotic therapy in patients ... antibiotic prophylaxis versus a 5-day antibiotic therapy in patients with acute gangrenous appendicitis. ... Efficacy of the Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Acute Gangrenous Appendicitis. 2014-07-23 21:09:21 , BioPortfolio ... Home » Topics » Clincial Trials » Research » Efficacy of the Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Acute Gangrenous Appendicitis ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/65404/Efficacy-of-the-Antibiotic-Prophylaxis-for-Acute-Gangrenous-Appendicitis.html

Antibiotic prophylaxis. Editor, - Recommended prophylaxis of endocarditis was clarified by the letter from Dr I. Hewson and ... Antibiotic guidelines 9th Edition 1996 makes no reference to prophylaxis for in situ implants other than cardiac valves. ... The value of antibiotic prophylaxis has not been established for procedures in which bacteraemia is likely to occur e.g. dental ... However, antibiotic prophylaxis may be considered for patients at potentially increased risk of haematogenous infection of ...

https://www.nps.org.au/australian-prescriber/articles/antibiotic-prophylaxis-1

Compliance with surgical antibiotic prophylaxis--reporting from a statewide surveillance programme in Victoria, Australia.. ... A statewide assessment of the compliance of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) with guidelines was undertaken for large ... Prophylactic antibiotic choice was generally more concordant with guidelines for cardiac and orthopaedic procedures than for ... Combining all procedures, 87% received SAP, the choice of antibiotic was concordant with guidelines for 53.3% of procedures, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16621135

Antibiotic prophylaxis has, in some studies, been shown to reduce the incidence. However, the use of prophylaxis varies widely ... To determine the efficacy of antibiotics, either prophylaxis or concurrent antibiotics at the time of the procedure, in ... Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy--a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial.. Ahmad I1, ... Antibiotics, either prophylaxis or concurrent, reduce the incidence of peristomal wound infection after PEG placement. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12869081?dopt=Abstract

Antibiotic prophylaxis is most commonly used prior to dental surgery or medical surgery, however, may be used in other cases, such prior to sexual intercourse for patients who suffer from recurrent urinary tract infections. (wikipedia.org)
Patients should be selected for prophylaxis if the medical condition or the surgical procedure is associated with a considerable risk of infection or if a postoperative infection would pose a serious hazard to the patient's recovery and well-being. (wikipedia.org)
In patients with prosthetic joint implants, a January 2015 ADA clinical practice guideline , based on a 2014 systematic review states, "In general, for patients with prosthetic joint implants, prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended prior to dental procedures to prevent prosthetic joint infection. (ada.org)
For infective endocarditis prophylaxis, current guidelines support premedication for a relatively small subset of patients. (ada.org)
This is based on a review of scientific evidence, which showed that the risk of adverse reactions to antibiotics generally outweigh the benefits of prophylaxis for many patients who would have been considered eligible for prophylaxis in previous versions of the guidelines. (ada.org)
Infective endocarditis prophylaxis for dental procedures should be recommended only for patients with underlying cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk of adverse outcome from infective endocarditis (see "Patient Selection," in the main text). (ada.org)
For patients with these underlying cardiac conditions, prophylaxis is recommended for all dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa. (ada.org)
The new CSA guideline clearly states that for most patients, prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated before dental procedures to prevent [prosthetic joint infections]. (ada.org)
Antibiotics are administered to patients with certain heart conditions as a precaution, although this practice has changed in the US, with new American Heart Association guidelines released in 2007, and in the UK as of August 2018 due to new SDCEP advice in line with the NICE guidelines. (wikipedia.org)
Although there is little evidence to support antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment, the current AHA guidelines are highly accepted by clinicians and patients. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotic prophylaxis is intended to avoid adverse outcomes in certain patients at "highest risk of postoperative complications. (wikipedia.org)
Although the ADA, in collaboration with AHA and AAOS have published guidelines specifying those patients who should receive antibiotic prophylaxis, research continues to further define the role dental treatment may play in causing adverse outcomes in these patients. (wikipedia.org)
The recommendations aim to clarify circumstances and management when patients are not within the scope of NICE's guideline on antibiotic prophylaxis. (wikipedia.org)
Unsatisfactory evidence to conclude whether antibiotic prophylaxis is useful in patients at risk of IE before dental treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Only a selected body of patients are categorized with a more significant risk of IE who might require antibiotic prophylaxis. (wikipedia.org)
In 2011, 100% of Highland Hospital's knee replacement patients had their antibiotics discontinued within 24 hours after the surgery end time. (rochester.edu)
Prophylactic antibiotics should be discontinued within 24 hours after the surgery end time to prevent patients from developing resistance to the antibiotics. (rochester.edu)
According to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Surgical Infection Prevention Core Performance Measures, patients undergoing knee replacement (also called knee arthroplasty) should receive a prophylactic antibiotic within one hour prior to the surgical incision being made. (rochester.edu)
And specific to dental procedures, an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality -funded study found that "about 81 percent antibiotic prescriptions given to patients before a dental procedure to prevent cardiac infections were considered unnecessary by current guidelines. (colgate.com)
Very few patients need to take antibiotics before seeing a dentist, so it's unlikely you will have to build taking a pill into your routine on appointment days. (colgate.com)
Around the mid 20th century, the dental profession, feeling a sense of both professional and legal responsibility to protect these patients from potentially life-threatening conditions such as infective endocarditis , adopted generally accepted guidelines regarding antibiotic prophylaxis. (mcgill.ca)
In 2007, The American Heart Association published a revised guideline for the prevention of infective endocarditis, concluding that, "IE prophylaxis for dental procedures is reasonable only for patients with underlying cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk of adverse outcome from IE. (mcgill.ca)
The administration of prophylactic antibiotics is not risk-free and often outweighs the benefit for most patients. (mcgill.ca)
Theoretically, at-risk patients would require lifelong antibiotics which is unwarranted and impractical. (mcgill.ca)
Sanabria A, Dominguez LC, Valdivieso E, Gomez G. Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Pooled UTI rates in patients with low-grade HN were similar regardless of CAP status: 2.2% on prophylaxis versus 2.8% not receiving prophylaxis. (aappublications.org)
We will randomly assigned patients into two groups, hopefully differentiated only by the duration of antibiotic administration (single dose vs. 24 hours). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis is not only unnecessary for patients with indwelling catheters, it is contraindicated, because it promotes the generation of bacteria that are resistant to common antibiotics. (medscape.com)
Princeton, NJ- The antibiotic prescriptions pharmacists fill for some presurgical patients may no longer have the desired effect. (uspharmacist.com)
Several classes of antibiotics were effective prophylactically for TRPB, while the quinolones, with the highest number of studies (5) and patients (1188), were the best analysed. (cochrane.org)
For 'antibiotics versus enema', we analysed four studies with a limited number of patients. (cochrane.org)
To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo or no prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (cochrane.org)
Randomised clinical trials comparing antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo or no prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (cochrane.org)
Recognising the weak evidence to support this practice and the wider risks of anaphylaxis and antibiotic resistance, guidelines in the USA and Europe have been rationalised in the last decade with restriction of AP to those patients perceived to be at the highest risk. (nih.gov)
Instead, individual physicians decided whether to give patients postop antibiotics. (beckersasc.com)
Researchers then compared the number of surgical site infections of Clostridium difficile in patients who received postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis to patients who did not receive the antibiotics. (beckersasc.com)
The study included 905 patients receiving antibiotics and 697 patients not receiving antibiotics. (beckersasc.com)
clinical trial was conducted at the Hospital Universitario de Santander to test the effectiveness of providing a single 1-dose therapy of antibiotic prophylaxis versus a 5-day antibiotic therapy in patients with acute gangrenous appendicitis. (bioportfolio.com)
Out of this set, 150 patients diagnosed with acute gangrenous appendicitis, were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control group (group A: 72 patients received a 5-day antibiotic therapy), and treatment group (group B: 78 patients received a single 1-dose of antibiotic prophylaxis). (bioportfolio.com)
However, antibiotic prophylaxis may be considered for patients at potentially increased risk of haematogenous infection of joint prostheses, such as the immuno compromised and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, when undergoing procedures with a high incidence of bacteraemia e.g. dental extractions or surgical procedures involving incisions of the oral or gingival mucosa. (nps.org.au)
Forty patients who, for various reasons, were already receiving antibiotics were allocated to group two. (nih.gov)
AAE clinical guidelines and position statements to aid all AAE Guidance on Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Patients at American Association of Endodontists. (aboutaerobics.com)
In the article on management of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), 1 the authors state that antibiotic prophylaxis is "recommended for most patients with definite diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse," but do not lay out specific criteria for this. (aafp.org)
2 These guidelines reaffirm that a prophylactic antibiotic should be given to patients with MVP characterized by a systolic click and accompanying systolic murmur, as well as those with documented echocardiographic evidence of concomitant MVP and mitral regurgitation. (aafp.org)
There has been some disagreement concerning whether patients with an isolated systolic click and no systolic murmur should undergo endocarditis prophylaxis. (aafp.org)
As in the past, antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for patients with an isolated systolic click and no distinct echocardiographic evidence of MVP. (aafp.org)
Most patients can therefore avoid infection following routine dental extraction from a 'contaminated' area without the need for antibiotics. (nps.org.au)
Patients who are taking antibiotics before surgery should not wait until the day of the surgery to report problems with the medicine. (thefreedictionary.com)
The American Dental Association has found it is no longer necessary for most dental patients with orthopedic implants to have antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infection. (mouthhealthy.org)
In January 2015, the ADA's Council on Scientific Affairs issued another guideline, which continued to discourage prophylactic antibiotic use for most patients with prosthetic joint implants. (mouthhealthy.org)
Patients over 70 years old are also at increased risk of experiencing adverse reactions to some antibiotics. (mouthhealthy.org)
For example, antibiotic prophylaxis might be useful for patients undergoing dental procedures who also have compromised immune systems (due to, for instance, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, chemotherapy, and chronic steroid use), which increases the risk of orthopedic implant infection. (mouthhealthy.org)
1] in which the authors evaluate the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacteremia and infective endocarditis in patients undergoing dental procedures. (bmj.com)
Patients treated during an 8-month transition period were excluded to allow for the conversion of antibiotic prescription practices. (nih.gov)
The study set out to evaluate the efficacy of two antibiotic prophylaxis regimens in patients with facial fractures admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology services of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital attached to the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Group II patients received the same dose prior to the operation but in the post-operative period they also received 4 additional 1 g doses of Cefazolin intravenously, completing a 24 period of antibiotic prophylaxis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The evidence on the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis is scanty: randomised controlled trials (RCT) published until now are poorly designed and carried out in very heterogeneous samples of children, i.e. spanning from 6 months to 14-18 years of age and pooling patients with and without VUR. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Comparison: In a multicentre trial, 100 patients with VUR diagnosed with cystourethrography after a first episode of acute pyelonephritis or for prenatal evidence of pyelectasia will be assigned randomly to receive prophylaxis or not. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Information statement: antibiotic prophylaxis for bacteremia in patients with joint replacements. (springer.com)
As of 2008, Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for patients with orthopedic prosthesis who are undergoing GI endoscopic procedures. (hemorrhoid.net)
All patients with cirrhosis who are admitted with GI tract bleeding should have antibiotic therapy instituted at admission, preferably with IV ceftriaxone (Grade 1B). (hemorrhoid.net)
For patients with established GI tract infections in which enterococci may be part of the infecting bacterial flora (such as cholangitis) and with a cardiac condition associated with the highest risk of an adverse outcome from endocarditis, amoxicillin, or ampicillin should be included in the antibiotic regimen for enterococcal coverage (Grade 3). (hemorrhoid.net)
In a study by Kamil Cam, MD, and collaborators at Duzce University School of Medicine in Duzce, Turkey, 400 patients who underwent 12-core TRUS-guided prostate biopsies were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on their antibiotic prophylaxis regimen. (renalandurologynews.com)
The scheduled antibiotics were given perioperatively for 24 hours and all patients were followed-up for 6 months. (biomedsearch.com)
The median of days of AB administration after RC was 7 days (IQR 5-14) but after cessation of the first AB therapy, additional antibiotics were used in 51.6% of the patients. (urotoday.com)
In patients with recurrent lower extremity cellulitis, do prophylactic antibiotics, compared to no treatment, reduce the recurrence rate of lower extremity cellulitis? (geripal.org)
Analysis revealed that prophylactic antibiotics were beneficial for preventing recurrent cellulitis (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.79) with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 5 patients. (geripal.org)
This means that 5 patients would need to receive the prophylactic antibiotics in order to benefit 1 patient (in preventing recurrent cellulitis). (geripal.org)
However, for future patients who struggle with recurrent cellulitis, the low NNT and low risk of side effects makes prescribing prophylactic antibiotic a treatment to consider. (geripal.org)
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate need for antibiotic prophylaxis for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver tumors in patients with no significant co-existing risk factors for infection.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2004 to September 2013, 83 patients underwent 123 percutaneous RFA procedures for total of 152 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions. (osti.gov)
A recent review regarding antibiotic prophylaxis in neutropenic patients (1) contained an error. (annals.org)
What is the College's position on antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements? (cdsbc.org)
The fact is, antibiotic prophylaxis is not required for dental patients with prosthetic joints. (cdsbc.org)
It is interesting to note that while most surgeons would agree that clean operations that do not involve prosthetic implants do not generally require antibiotic prophylaxis, most endocrine surgeons give their patients preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis always or nearly always. (springer.com)
The authors found that if the most effective antibiotic prophylaxis was used, the numbers of respiratory tract infections fell by over two thirds and overall mortality was reduced in critically ill patients. (bio-medicine.org)
Objective: This study aims to assess the surgical site infection rates for gynecological laparoscopies, not involving the opening of hollow viscera, among patients receiving or not antibiotic prophylaxis. (omicsonline.org)
The patients will be randomly allocated to either the placebo group (n=108), to receive 10 mL of intravenous sterile saline, or to the antibiotic group (n=108), to receive 1 g of intravenous cefazolin 30 minutes before the surgery. (omicsonline.org)
Background - In 2007, the American Heart Association recommended antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis (IE) for only the highest-risk patients. (ices.on.ca)
Berwald N, Khan F, Zehtabchi S (2014) Antibiotic prophylaxis for ED patients with simple hand lacerations: a feasibility randomized controlled trial. (springermedizin.de)
Of the remaining 107 patients, 52 (group I) were already using antibiotics at the time of randomization for gastrostomy, whereas 55 (group II) were not. (annals.org)
It is needed, however, only for patients not already receiving antibiotic treatment at the time of gastrostomy. (annals.org)
Only patients with a pre-operative catheter/pyuria received AB-prophylaxis. (springer.com)
67/506 (13.2%) patients received prophylactic antibiotics. (springer.com)
Uncomplicated fever developed in 7/67 (10.4%) patients who did receive AB-prophylaxis. (springer.com)
Our data show a low infectious complication rate (2.9%) in patients without a pre-operative catheter or pyuria,undergoing TURP without AB-prophylaxis. (springer.com)
These findings might question the current use of AB prophylaxis in TURP in patients without a pre-operative catheter or pyuria, in times of antibiotic stewardship due to the high rate of microbial-resistance in our population. (springer.com)
Evaluation of prescriptions' parameters against the stated criteria showed that 113 (15.8%) patients were given antibiotics with adequate spectrum of activity, 611 (85.3%) given sub-dose/s, 83 (11.6%) received the first preoperative dose/s in a proper time window, and 716 (100%) had prophylaxis for extended duration. (scirp.org)
Endophthalmitis incidence for patients receiving no intravenous antibiotics was 3.1% (4/131). (arvojournals.org)
2008). European multicenter survey on antibiotic prophylaxis in liver transplant patients (Vol. 12). (ugent.be)
For over 50 years cardiologists have routinely recommended antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) at the time of dental procedures in patients deemed to be at risk of infective endocarditis (IE). (bjcardio.co.uk)
However, rifampicin is the prophylactic antibiotic of choice for contacts of patients with meningococcal disease. (cancerscreening.gov.au)
60, 61 Given the low level of conclusive evidence to suggest a benefit for the use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy prior to extractions not associated with infections in healthy patients, the routine use of antibiotics in these cases is not recommended. (dentalcare.com)
In December 2012, the American Dental Association (ADA) and the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) released a clinical practice guideline on antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with orthopedic implants. (jcda.ca)
Based on a collaborative systematic review of the scientific literature, the ADA/AAOS found that the evidence does not support routine prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis for joint replacement patients undergoing dental procedures. (jcda.ca)
Our aim was to test the hypothesis that exposure to high doses of antibiotics reduces risk for gastric cancer via possible eradication of H. pylori We conducted a nationwide case-control study nested in a cohort of 39,154 patients who underwent hip replacement surgery between 1965 and 1983. (diva-portal.org)
Such patients frequently receive prophylactic antibiotic treatment. (diva-portal.org)
In the absence of a randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) remains unproven, and clinicians and their patients must make a balanced judgment. (onlinejacc.org)
Prophylaxis should be with amoxicillin 3 g by mouth one hour before the procedure or, for patients with penicillin hypersensitivity, clindamicin 600 mg orally. (bjcardio.co.uk)
The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of ceftriaxone after a single intravenous injection of 1,000 mg to 17 patients for antibiotic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery were studied. (asm.org)
The most common cause of hospital-acquired infections in surgical patients is surgical site infections (SSIs), and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is used as standard practice to combat SSIs (4). (who.int)
METHODS: Ten patients received 1 g intravenous Ertapenem 0.5 h prior to surgery as short term prophylaxis. (minervamedica.it)
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that in extremely obese female patients, the standard dose of 1 g i.v. Ertapenem as short term prophylaxis may not provide optimal clinical levels of free drug for prevention of surgical site infections. (minervamedica.it)
Cefepime vs. Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Aztreonam as antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients with external ventricular drain: result of a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. (druglib.com)
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to find out whether single board spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis was as good as dual specific antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients with external ventricular drain (EVD) in situ. (druglib.com)
Patients were randomized into two groups of antibiotic prophylaxis as long as the ventricular catheter in situ. (druglib.com)
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection rate with 14 patients (11.5%) in group A (Cefepime prophylaxis) and eight patients (6.0%) in group B (dual prophylaxis with Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Aztrenam) had CSF infection (P=0.18). (druglib.com)
CONCLUSION: Single board spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis with Cefepime was an effective alternative regimen for neurosurgical patients with an EVD in situ. (druglib.com)
It emphasises the importance of including the patient in discussions about their care and provides information about identifying those increased risk patients who may require special consideration for antibiotic prophylaxis/non-routine management. (bascd.org)
Have many patients with pacemakers and have not seen any recommendations for prophylaxis . (healthtap.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental treatment is not indicated for patients with pacemakers. (healthtap.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements. (semanticscholar.org)
An expert panel of dentists, orthopaedic surgeons, and infectious disease specialists, convened by the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, or AAOS, performed a thorough review of all available data to determine the need for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent hematogenous prosthetic joint infections in dental patients who have undergone total joint arthroplasties. (semanticscholar.org)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Patients with a History of Total Joint Replacement. (semanticscholar.org)
To prevent infective endocarditis in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions, antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended worldwide, except in the United Kingdom. (inserm.fr)

Study authors suggest that rising antibiotic resistance could be reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing postoperative infections. (uspharmacist.com)
A randomized trial was performed to support the contention that prophylactic antibiotics can reduce the incidence of postoperative neurosurgical wound infections. (biomedsearch.com)
In July 2014, Wichita, Kan.-based Wesley Medical Center halted use of mandatory postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, according to Renal & Urology News . (beckersasc.com)
Effective antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of postoperative infections and be cost-effective. (termedia.pl)
This meta-analysis clearly shows a reduction in postoperative infection with antibiotic prophylaxis. (bmj.com)
The primary goal of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is to minimize postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs). (ovid.com)

citation needed] Antibiotics can be effective in reducing the occurrence of such infections. (wikipedia.org)
Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) is recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in newborns with antenatal hydronephrosis (HN). (aappublications.org)
1 Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) has been empirically recommended for newborns who have antenatal HN in an attempt to reduce the rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs) during the first 2 years of life. (aappublications.org)
Ultimately, the issue becomes a risk/benefit question, which heavily relies on whether daily antibiotic administration decreases the risk of infections and if this risk reduction is enough to translate into a clinically significant intervention. (aappublications.org)
Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections in children with spina bifida on intermittent catheterization. (medscape.com)
A new study in Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiolog y found that prophylactic antibiotics are becoming less effective at preventing surgical-site infections following colorectal surgery. (uspharmacist.com)
Our aim was to establish a review of the literature on measures to reduce post-operative infections outside antibiotic prophylaxis. (urotoday.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis is the focus of this article and refers to the use of antibiotics to prevent infections. (thefreedictionary.com)
Antibiotics are well known for their ability to treat infections. (thefreedictionary.com)
But some antibiotics also are prescribed to prevent infections. (thefreedictionary.com)
To prevent these infections, people with heart valve problems often take antibiotics before having any kind of surgery, including dental surgery. (thefreedictionary.com)
Antibiotics also may be prescribed to prevent infections in people with weakened immune systems, such as people with AIDS or people who are having chemotherapy treatments for cancer. (thefreedictionary.com)
Unless a physician says to do so, it is not a good idea to take antibiotics to prevent ordinary infections. (thefreedictionary.com)
Based on careful review of the scientific literature, the ADA found that dental procedures are not associated with prosthetic joint implant infections, and that antibiotics given before dental procedures do not prevent such infections. (mouthhealthy.org)
SAN DIEGO, CA -Monthly intranasal mupirocin prophylaxis in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) dramatically decreased healthcare-associated transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) infections by 43% and cut invasive staphylococcal infections by 73%, according to a study presented at IDWeek 2015. (empr.com)
They also implemented "universal, monthly mupirocin prophylaxis as an incremental prevention strategy" and assessed healthcare-associated MRSA transmissions and rates of invasive S. aureus infections before and after mupirocin implementation. (empr.com)
The question is not only whether antibiotics are effective in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), but also whether they alter the natural history of disease and help to prevent the appearance of new kidneys scars. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Acute Pyelonephritis for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Vesico-Ureteral Reflux. (clinicaltrials.gov)
AlBuhairan B, Hind D, Hutchinson A. Antibiotic prophylaxis for wound infections in total joint arthroplasty. (springer.com)
De Palma M, Grillo M, Borgia G, Pezzullo L, Lombardi CP, Gentile I. Antibiotic prophylaxis and risk of infections in thyroid surgery: results from a national study (UEC-Italian endocrine surgery units association). (springer.com)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis Could Help Prevent Respiratory Infections in the Crit. (bio-medicine.org)
In this context, antibiotic prophylaxis for gynecologic surgery practice is widely used to reduce post-surgical complications, such as wound infection, cellulitis of the vaginal vault, endometritis, urinary tract infections, and foreign body infections. (omicsonline.org)
In some studies, the antibiotic used was inappropriate for coverage of mixed anaerobes and aerobes, which is common in many mammalian infections. (brown.edu)
Prophylactic use of antibiotics before surgery is evidence-based practice for prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs). (who.int)
This practice builds upon the hypothesis that perioperative antibiotics could render culture results negative and thus impede tailored antibiotic treatment of infections. (uzh.ch)
We aimed to assess the influence of antibiotic prophylaxis within 30 to 60 minutes before surgery on time to positivity of microbiological samples and proportion of positive samples in Cutibacterium acnes bone and joint infections. (uzh.ch)
Since perioperative prophylaxis did not negatively influence the microbiological yield in C. acnes infections, routine antibiotic prophylaxis can be routinely given to avoid surgical site infections. (uzh.ch)
We reviewed the evidence for use of surgical prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSI) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform this work. (strath.ac.uk)

Our hypothesis is that there will be no difference in the incidence of infection between single-dose versus 24 hours of antibiotic prophylaxis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The null hypothesis is that multiple-dose antibiotic prophylaxis will have a decreased incidence of infection. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Appropriately administered antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of surgical wound infection. (aafp.org)
The experimental outcomes included: the incidence of infection of the surgical wound, the length of the hospital stay, and the adverse effects derived from a prolonged use of antibiotics. (bioportfolio.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis has, in some studies, been shown to reduce the incidence. (nih.gov)
Antibiotics, either prophylaxis or concurrent, reduce the incidence of peristomal wound infection after PEG placement. (nih.gov)
It is, consequently, reasonable to think that prescribing antibiotics before dental cares decreases the incidence of such bacteremia. (bmj.com)
To compare the incidence of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection with and without topical postinjection antibiotic prophylaxis. (nih.gov)
Using postinjection topical antibiotic drops does not reduce the risk of endophthalmitis developing and is associated with a trend toward higher incidence of endophthalmitis. (nih.gov)
When a universal antenatal GBS screening-based strategy is used to identify women who are given an intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, a substantial reduction of incidence up to 80% has been reported in the USA as in other countries including European countries. (diva-portal.org)
In women having caesarean delivery (c-section), does antibiotic prophylaxis reduce the incidence of endometritis, fever, wound infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), or other serious infection? (bmj.com)
In women having caesarean delivery, antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of endometritis, fever, wound infection, urinary tract infection, and other serious infection. (bmj.com)
Whether this change affected the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and the incidence of IE is unclear. (ices.on.ca)
Outcomes were antibiotic prophylaxis prescription rates and incidence of IE-related hospitalization. (ices.on.ca)
The goal of this study is to determine whether prophylactic intravenous antibiotics reduce the incidence of endophthalmitis following traumatic open globe injury. (arvojournals.org)
Intravenous antibiotics may not reduce the incidence of endophthalmitis after traumatic open globe repair. (arvojournals.org)
Together they are covering antibiotic prophylaxis and incidence of infective endocarditis and baloxavir marboxil for uncomplicated influenza. (healthydebate.ca)
The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic, antibiotic-treated UTIs over 12 months. (soton.ac.uk)
Incidence of SSIs is higher in LMICs, infection surveillance data is poor and there is a lack of local guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis. (strath.ac.uk)

Currently, there are official guidelines for dental antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis and of infection of prosthetic joint. (wikipedia.org)
Compared to previous guidelines, there are currently only a few medical conditions for which antibiotic prophylaxis is required. (mcgill.ca)
Antibiotic guidelines' 9th Edition 1996 makes no reference to prophylaxis for in situ implants other than cardiac valves. (nps.org.au)
A statewide assessment of the compliance of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) with guidelines was undertaken for large public hospitals in Victoria, Australia. (nih.gov)
Combining all procedures, 87% received SAP, the choice of antibiotic was concordant with guidelines for 53.3% of procedures, and the choice of antibiotic was considered to be 'adequate but not concordant' for 23.9% of procedures. (nih.gov)
Prophylactic antibiotic choice was generally more concordant with guidelines for cardiac and orthopaedic procedures than for other types of surgery. (nih.gov)
2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy. (aboutaerobics.com)
2015. BY JoAnn R. Gurenlian Further, arguments against antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental and dental Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for. (aboutaerobics.com)
Most experts no longer recommend antibiotic prophylaxis for dental the guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis. (aboutaerobics.com)
Selective antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines have been published by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) for gynecologic procedures. (ovid.com)
Of 165 women who met inclusion criteria, 50.9% received antibiotic prophylaxis outside of ACOG guidelines. (ovid.com)
The Nangarhar Public Health Directorate, the HealthNet Trans Psychosocial Organization (HN TPO), and the USAID-funded Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems (SPS) Program implemented by Management Sciences for Health (MSH) are pleased to present the 2013 edition of the Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Standard Treatment Guidelines. (msh.org)
In spite of this uncertainty, several practice guidelines recommend long term antibiotic prophylaxis in children with different degrees of VUR. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Draft therapeutic guidelines on -antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. (springer.com)
Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. (springer.com)
Cai T, Verze P, Bartoletti R et al (2016) Adherence to European Association of Urology guidelines on prophylactic antibiotics: an important step in antimicrobial stewardship. (springer.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: new guidelines, new controversy? (bjcardio.co.uk)
We set out to assess the current antibiotic prescribing practice among South African endoscopists who perform ERCPs, and then reviewed international guidelines and relevant studies. (ajol.info)
Guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis for ERCP are based on poor evidence. (ajol.info)
The following information is an extract from Letters to the Editor - Antibiotic guidelines for meningococcal prophylaxis. (cancerscreening.gov.au)
The current edition (10th) of Therapeutic Guidelines: antibiotic includes a significantly increased recommended dose for ceftriaxone, when used as prophylaxis for meningococcal disease, compared to previous editions and with other published expert opinion. (cancerscreening.gov.au)
There is no evidence to suggest that the increased dose (2 g IM) published in Therapeutic Guidelines: antibiotic is either necessary or superior to the recommended lower dose regimen in eradicating carriage. (cancerscreening.gov.au)
The American Heart Association released guidelines for prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis in 2007. (healthydebate.ca)
Andre covers a study on the data of antibiotic prophylaxis and admissions for infective endocarditis after release of these guidelines. (healthydebate.ca)
To investigate adherence to and surgeons' perception of antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines. (who.int)
Surgeons have positive perception that antibiotics should be used according to guidelines recommendations. (who.int)
However, we found poor treatment adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines. (who.int)
The antibiotic pre-treatment guidelines have changed over the years, and sometimes every year as research has caught up to procedures. (healthtap.com)

Increasing concerns regarding rise in antibiotic resistance have also pushed for change in advice on antibiotic prophylaxis, where the British National Formulary (BNF) has now opposed the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry. (wikipedia.org)
However, bacteria are adapting and beginning to build up a resistance to some antibiotics because of how much they're prescribed, so it's important they're only utilized when necessary. (colgate.com)
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) , antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest health challenges of our time. (colgate.com)
7 - 9 With increasing concerns about bacterial antibiotic resistance and unknown long-term effects, a growing number of physicians and parents are challenging the necessity and effectiveness of CAP in preventing UTIs. (aappublications.org)
An increase in infection rates and a decline in the efficacy of prophylaxis may be a reflection of growing antibiotic resistance, which needs to be tackled urgently. (uspharmacist.com)
We arbitrarily decided to fix our limit to the 10 last years considering that the resistance rate of bacteria to antibiotics and the surgical technics evolve over time. (urotoday.com)
Because the overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance, drugs taken to prevent infection should be used only for a short time. (thefreedictionary.com)
However, Liberati et al warn that these positive effects do not take account of potential antibiotic resistance if such a practice was undertaken on a widespread scale and suggest that further research is undertaken in this area. (bio-medicine.org)
We evaluated the necessity of antibiotic (AB) prophylaxis in TURP due to increasing microbial antibiotic resistance. (springer.com)
Although antibiotic prophylaxis may treat UTIs, antibiotic therapy has been shown to increase antibiotic resistance. (deflux.com)
The World Health Organization states that antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today. (deflux.com)
The Worldwide Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing in European Children (ARPEC) point prevalence survey: developing hospital-quality indicators of antibiotic prescribing for children. (springermedizin.de)
Given the potential risk of antimicrobial resistance, sexual health clinicians should consider asking attendees, especially HIV PrEP users, about the use of antibiotics as STI prophylaxis, to inform appropriate counselling, testing and management. (bmj.com)
Prevention of misuse, fighting against resistance, and promotion of appropriate use of antibiotics are the main goals of the stewardship programme (8). (who.int)
However, increased resistance of urinary bacteria is a concern that requires surveillance if prophylaxis is started. (soton.ac.uk)
The presence of genes for resistance to antibiotics was determined by PCR in the samples from 1-month-old infants. (biomedcentral.com)
The analyses of specific antibiotic resistance genes showed a higher occurrence of some β-lactamase coding genes in infants whose mothers received IAP. (biomedcentral.com)
Introduction: The widespread and inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis has led to reduced treatment efficacy, increased healthcare costs, and antibiotic resistance. (jidc.org)

Standard antibiotic regimens are routinely prescribed and taken before dental procedures to avoid systemic complications secondary to the transient bacteremia caused by manipulation of the oral tissues. (wikipedia.org)
To compare the relative effects of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis regimens on patterns of early-onset neonatal sepsis. (hindawi.com)
A large number of antibiotic regimens were utilized for cardiac and orthopaedic surgery. (nih.gov)
In this article, we describe the epidemiology and risk factors for SSIs in SOT and examine the available literature to guide the use of different regimens for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for each organ. (ovid.com)
Unfortunately, most prophylaxis regimens don't usually cover Enterococcus. (urotoday.com)
Antibiotic regimens were classified as preoperative (one dose before surgery), short-term (before or during surgery and/or during the same day of surgery) and long-term (before or during surgery and longer than one day after surgery) antibiotic prophylaxis Analysis was conducted using standard Cochrane protocols. (nationalelfservice.net)
This review suggests that overall long-term antibiotics decrease the risk of SSI in orthognathic surgery compared with short-term regimens. (nationalelfservice.net)

ABSTRACT: Purpose: This study was conducted to audit prophylactic antibiotic use and to quantify the rate of wound infection. (scirp.org)

Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin-sulbactam and Placebo Prophylaxis in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The trial aims to assess the value of two-regimen antibiotic prophylaxis versus placebo in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Comparison 1 Antibiotic agent (multiple dose) versus placebo or no treatment, Outcome 1 Deep surgical site infection. (wiley.com)
Studies were selected if they were randomised controlled trials that compared any prophylactic antibiotic regimen with placebo or no treatment for c-section. (bmj.com)
Five studies met the inclusion criteria resulting in a total of 535 participants with 260 participants taking antibiotics and 275 participants on placebo or not taking any antibiotics. (geripal.org)
Whittaker JP, Nancarrow JD, Sterne GDJ (2005) The role of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean incised hand injuries: a prospective randomized placebo controlled double blind trial. (springermedizin.de)
Interventions: use of antibiotics within 24 hours of injury compared to placebo/no-intervention. (brown.edu)
58 Similarly, post-operative infection rates were reduced in individuals receiving dental extraction therapy who receive antibiotic prophylaxis v. placebo. (dentalcare.com)
Two reviewers independently selected studies and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving people undergoing orthognathic surgery comparing one regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis with any other regimen or placebo were considered. (nationalelfservice.net)

A retrospective chart review of preoperative antibiotics for laparoscopic and hysteroscopic sterilization procedures was performed at a single institution, Banner University Medical Center - Phoenix (BUMCP), from 01/01/2014 to 12/31/2014. (ovid.com)
Are preoperative, perioperative, or peri-procedural antibiotics ever indicated for a colonoscopy procedure, EGD, or upper gastrointestinal endoscopy? (hemorrhoid.net)
Although thyroid and parathyroid operations are very commonly performed, until recently there has been very little evidence to inform the decision of whether or not preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis should be given. (springer.com)
Qiang W, Jianchen W, MacDonald R et al (2005) Antibiotic prophylaxis for transurethral prostatic resection in men with preoperative urine containing less than 100,000 bacteria per ml: a systematic review. (springer.com)
In healthy adults receiving extraction of non-periodontally involved teeth, the use of amoxicillin and moxifloxacin pre-operatively has been associated with decreased detection of post-extraction bacteremia, while preoperative clindamycin prophylaxis conferred no such benefit. (dentalcare.com)

Information statement: recommendations for the use of intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis in primary total joint arthroplasty. (springer.com)
Oral antibiotic prophylaxis (OAP) was considered as the administration of oral antibiotics the day before surgery combined with systemic intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Independent risk factors for organ-space SSI in colon surgery were male sex (Odds ratio -OR-: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.14-2.15) and ostomy creation (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.8-3.92) while laparoscopy (OR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.38-0.69) and OAP combined with intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis (OR: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.51-0.97) were protective factors. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
In rectal surgery, independent risk factors for organ-space SSI were male sex (OR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.34-3.31) and longer surgery (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03-2.15), whereas OAP with intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.32-0.73) was a protective factor. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

A proper regimen of antibiotics for perioperative prophylaxis of septic complications decreases the total amount of antimicrobials needed and eases the burden on hospitals. (wikipedia.org)
in cases where antibiotics are deemed necessary, it is most appropriate that the orthopedic surgeon recommend the appropriate antibiotic regimen and, when reasonable, write the prescription. (ada.org)
Monotherapy with a single dose of antibiotic is the most cost-effective regimen for surgical prophylaxis. (termedia.pl)
When antibiotic prophylaxis is administered, a fluoroquinolone administered before the procedure and continued for 3 days after the procedure is a reasonable regimen. (hemorrhoid.net)
Data were extracted on setting, antibiotic regimen, and methodological quality. (bmj.com)
So there is still a need high quality RCTs to identify the best antibiotic regimen and to consider other outcomes such as systemic infection, duration of hospital stay and quality of life as the only benefit that was identified was for SSI. (nationalelfservice.net)

Comparison 5 Operative day only versus longer prophylaxis, Outcome 1 Deep surgical site infection. (wiley.com)
Comparison 6 Oral versus parenteral administration of antibiotic agent, Outcome 1 Deep surgical site infection. (wiley.com)
Comparison 7 Antibiotic agent versus control or no treatment (infection-related death and adverse drug events), Outcome 1 Surgical site infection-associated death. (wiley.com)
Antimicrobial prophylaxis for the prevention of surgical site infection after thyroid and parathyroid surgery: a prospective randomized trial. (springer.com)
This study aimed to explore the adherence of antibiotic usage in surgical prophylaxis to the national antibiotic guideline and the incidences of surgical site infection (SSI). (jidc.org)

The choice of antibiotics should be made according to data on pharmacology, microbiology, clinical experience and economy. (wikipedia.org)
The proposed study is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial intended to further define the appropriate duration of antibiotic (cefazolin) administration for surgical prophylaxis in the internal fixation of closed fractures. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the duration of antibiotic prophylaxis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Some clinical trials suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis may not be necessary in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (cochrane.org)
Following the introduction of antibiotics, early clinical trials in the 1950s reported either no benefit or a higher infection rate with antibiotic prophylaxis. (aafp.org)
However, the use of prophylaxis varies widely, possibly because the design and findings of the studies have differed, making their relevance to clinical practice difficult to interpret. (nih.gov)
This recommendation was based on a consensus of the GDG in view of a high rate of episiotomy and the potential impact of antibiotics, in the absence of clinical benefits for public health. (who.int)
Antibiotics should only be administered when there are clinical signs of infection of an episiotomy wound. (who.int)
We provide potential approaches to the selection, dosing, and duration of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for each of these clinical situations. (ovid.com)
Zehtabchi S, Yadav K, Brothers E, Khan F, Singh S, Wilcoxson RD, Malhotra S (2012) Prophylactic antibiotics for simple hand lacerations: time for a clinical trial? (springermedizin.de)
Garin EH, Olavarria F, Garcia Nieto V, Valenciano B, Campos A, Young L. Clinical significance of primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary antibiotic prophylaxis after acute pyelonephritis: a multicenter, randomized, controlled study. (deflux.com)
55 Careful evaluation of the patient, any underlying clinical conditions, and surgical treatment rendered is necessary to optimize decision-making for antibiotic use and limit promiscuous prescribing practices. (dentalcare.com)
As always, dentists are encouraged to base the decision on the need for antibiotic prophylaxis on the best available evidence, clinical judgment and patient preferences. (jcda.ca)
A review of controlled clinical trials of antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery is presented. (semanticscholar.org)

The information from this evaluation will be critical to CDC's effort to improve the technical assistance and supplies needed with future anthrax postexposure prophylaxis campaigns and to comply with Food and Drug Administration regulations for monitoring for adverse events. (cdc.gov)
Describe key concepts in postexposure prophylaxis for rabies and other transmissible diseases that are of concern in mammalian-bite wounds. (ebmedicine.net)
Objectives The use of antibiotics as pre-exposure or postexposure prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention (STI prophylaxis) is not currently recommended in the UK, but there is evidence that self-prescribing occurs among those at greatest risk. (bmj.com)

Conclusions - Antibiotic prophylaxis decreased significantly in the moderate-risk group with minimal change in the high-risk group after the American Heart Association guideline revision in 2007. (ices.on.ca)
Conclusions: In this setting, antibiotics were irrationally used and wound infection rate was high, and the situation calls for multiple interventions to correct the situation, through the activation of the infection control committee in the hospital and development of antimicrobial subcommittee to develop policies for the use and auditing of prophylactic antibiotics. (scirp.org)
Conclusions Approximately 1 in 10 HIV PrEP users from this community sample reported self-prescribed STI prophylaxis. (bmj.com)

Seven trials reported the effects of short-course (1 day) versus long-course (3 days) antibiotics. (cochrane.org)
Comparison 6 Oral versus parenteral administration of antibiotic agent, Outcome 3 Urinary tract infection. (wiley.com)
Only one trial analyzed human bites and the infection rate was significantly lower in the antibiotic group (0/33) versus the control group (47% (7/15)) (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.33). (brown.edu)
Also, there was no association between the proportion of sample positivity and the application of perioperative prophylaxis (71.6% versus 65.9%, p=0.39). (uzh.ch)
Education to improve appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with reduction of SSI in LMICs.The random effects pooled mean risk ratio of SSI in Caesarian section was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.51 to 1.17) for pre-incision versus post-incision prophylaxis and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.55 to 1.14) for short versus long duration, Reduction in cost and nurse time was reported in shorter duration SAP. (strath.ac.uk)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy--a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. (nih.gov)
Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) of Primary Liver Tumors Necessary? (osti.gov)
Data for potential risk factors were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed for the frequency of infectious complications, including abscess formation.ResultsOne patient (1/121 (0.8 %) RFA sessions) developed a large segment 5 liver abscess/infected biloma communicating with the gallbladder 7 weeks after the procedure, successfully treated over 10 weeks with IV and PO antibiotic therapy and percutaneous catheter drainage. (osti.gov)
Cefazolin prophylaxis significantly reduces the risk for peristomal wound infection associated with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. (annals.org)

The cause of this shift in pathogen prevalence is uncertain and seemingly unrelated to intrapartum antibiotic exposure. (hindawi.com)
However recommendations are still a matter of debate due to challenges and controversies on how best to identify candidates for prophylaxis and to drawbacks of intrapartum administration of antibiotics. (diva-portal.org)
The key decision issued after the conference is to recommend intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis based on a universal intrapartum GBS screening strategy using a rapid real time testing. (diva-portal.org)
Antibiotics are among the drugs most frequently used in early life, the use of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis (IAP), present in over 30% of deliveries, being the most frequent source of exposure. (biomedcentral.com)

There appeared to be no significant difference in infection rate with antibiotic prophylaxis for cat bites, when separating out wound type (laceration vs. puncture), or for bites on body parts other than the hand. (brown.edu)

If you're unable to take oral medication, your doctor may prescribe an intramuscular (IM) shot or intravenous (IV) infusion of another antibiotic like ampicillin or cefazolin. (colgate.com)
Our proposed study is intended to further define the appropriate duration of antibiotic (cefazolin) administration for surgical prophylaxis in the treatment of closed fractures. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The study team notes that the trend remained significant even after adjusting for the type of surgery and antibiotic used-cefoxitin, cefotetan, and cefazolin plus metronidazole. (uspharmacist.com)

Additionally, the widespread use and over prescription of antibiotics promotes the emergence of resistant bacteria, including those likely to cause the very same targeted conditions. (mcgill.ca)
The primary objective of the group was to assess the antibiotic (AB) utilization, the percentage and severity of UTIs after surgery, the bacteria responsible for them and their AB sensitivity, frequency of in-hospital interventions (imaging or procedures) due to UTIs and 30-day readmission rate. (urotoday.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis does not treat VUR, rather, it is used to treat bacteria in the urine (UTIs) that can cause renal scarring. (deflux.com)
dental work is associated with bacteriaemia and antibiotics kill bacteria cheaply, effectively and with low toxicity. (bjcardio.co.uk)

Antibiotic prophylaxis refers to, for humans, the prevention of infection complications using antimicrobial therapy (most commonly antibiotics). (wikipedia.org)
Dental antibiotic prophylaxis is the administration of antibiotics to a dental patient for prevention of harmful consequences of bacteremia, that may be caused by invasion of the oral flora into an injured gingival or peri-apical vessel during dental treatment. (wikipedia.org)
When Are Antibiotics Needed for Prevention? (colgate.com)
Since the 1950s there has been a progressive reduction in the use of antibiotics for the prevention of infection following dental treatment. (mcgill.ca)
A recently updated Cochrane Systematic Review concludes that high quality RCTs are needed to determine the effectiveness of long-term antibiotics for the prevention of UTIs in susceptible children. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: an Advisory Statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. (springer.com)
For Mr. Sa, prophylactic antibiotics were not prescribed for cellulitis prevention given his allergy to Penicillin antibiotics. (geripal.org)
We aimed to determine the benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of recurrent UTIs in adult users of CISC. (soton.ac.uk)
Two well-designed and well-conducted studies support the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for prevention of wound infection in surgery of hip fractures. (semanticscholar.org)

The CDC says that "appropriate antibiotic prescribing means antibiotics are only prescribed when needed, and when needed, the right antibiotic is selected and prescribed at the right dose and for the right duration. (colgate.com)
If you're allergic to certain antibiotics, your surgeon might give you a dose of clindamycin instead. (colgate.com)
Most studies comparing single-dose prophylaxis with multiple-dose prophylaxis have not shown beneficial effects of additional doses. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The recommended dose of prophylactic antibiotic for surgery has varied with studies. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
At one time, it was common to give a dose of antibiotic when the patient was called to the operating room , and to continue the drug for 48 hours after surgery. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
More recent studies indicate that a single antibiotic dose, given immediately before the start of surgery, may be just as effective in preventing infection, while reducing the risk of drug side effects. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
When prophylactic antibiotics are used as a single dose, adverse effects are very unlikely. (surgeryencyclopedia.com)
A single oral dose of antimicrobial prophylaxis is reasonable in 12-core transurethral ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies, researchers have concluded. (renalandurologynews.com)
Impact of continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis on growth in children with vesicoureteral reflux. (deflux.com)
For people undergoing orthognathic surgery, long term antibiotic prophylaxis decreases the risk of SSI compared with short-term antibiotic prophylaxis and the is uncertainty of whether short-term antibiotic prophylaxis decreases SSI risk relative to a single pre-operative dose of prophylactic antibiotics. (nationalelfservice.net)
Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of a single dose of ceftriaxone (1,000 milligrams intravenously) for antibiotic prophylaxis in thoracic surgery. (asm.org)
Primary outcome measures comprised appropriateness of prophylactic antibiotic indication, correct timing of initial dose, discontinuation of SP within 24 hours, and antibiotic prescription at discharge. (jidc.org)

Although infective complications after TRPB are well known, there is uncertainty about the necessity and effectiveness of routine prophylactic antibiotics and their adverse effects , as well as a clear lack of standardization. (cochrane.org)
While I do agree that surgical removal of the third molar (most often impacted) may be technically classified as 'contaminated', I think we should be more cautious with regards to routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis for this procedure. (nps.org.au)
Routine antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for women with episiotomy. (who.int)
WHO recommendation on routine antibiotic prophylaxis for episiotomy (February 2018). (who.int)
However, no evidence exists in the literature to support the routine use of antibiotics in the prophylaxis of wound infection in laparoscopic pelvic surgery. (omicsonline.org)

Parenteral systemic antibiotics seem to be more appropriate than oral or topical antibiotics because the chosen antibiotics must reach high concentrations at all sites of danger. (wikipedia.org)

In this chapter an overview is given about the rationale of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in total joint arthroplasty. (springer.com)
We have further addressed specific situations that are unique to each organ transplant type, such as the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in thoracic organ transplantation, as well as an approach to perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the setting of recipient and/or donor infection before transplantation. (ovid.com)
If a bone or joint infection is suspected, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is frequently withheld until the intraoperative microbiological sampling has been performed. (uzh.ch)

6 7 To avoid wound infection and the potential associated morbidity and mortality, conventional practice is to use prophylactic systemic antibiotics. (bmj.com)
A search of the literature found a systemic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing recurrent cellulitis1. (geripal.org)
2014). Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing recurrent cellulitis: A systemic review and meta-analysis. (geripal.org)
Infection rates were found to be similar among the infection prophylaxis groups with systemic and topical antibiotics and the standard wound care group with no prophylaxis. (springermedizin.de)
The use of topical and systemic antibiotics were not superior to standard wound care. (springermedizin.de)

What is the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of neurogenic bladder? (medscape.com)

The value of antibiotic prophylaxis has not been established for procedures in which bacteraemia is likely to occur e.g. dental surgery, cystoscopy and surgical procedures on infected tissues. (nps.org.au)
In order to gather enough cases to sufficiently power a study, The Cochrane Collaboration did a meta-analysis of randomized trials considering the value of antibiotic prophylaxis in human and other mammalian bites. (brown.edu)

The aim of this review was to assess the effects of antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing SSI in people undergoing orthognathic surgery. (nationalelfservice.net)

The evidence linking bacteremia associated with dental procedures is largely circumstantial, with no existing controlled studies on the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to treatments. (mcgill.ca)
There is continuing debate over the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) before invasive dental procedures. (onlinejacc.org)

The effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infection following appendectomy, cesarean section, and transrectal prostate biopsy (TRPB) procedures appeared statistically unchanged, the study team suggests, although this analysis was challenged by small sample size. (uspharmacist.com)
The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing pyelonephritis and in avoiding the appearance of new scars in a sample of children under 36 months with vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). (clinicaltrials.gov)

Although the arguments against antibiotic prophylaxis persist, it should be pointed out that even if the infection rate at one's hospital is only 50% of that of the control groups in this review (14% for non-elective and 3.3% for elective), the numbers needed to treat are still very favourable (i.e., 12 and 42, respectively). (bmj.com)

Dermatologic surgeons commonly use antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotic prophylaxis represents one way to prevent SSI but various other measures should be known and considered by anesthesiologists and surgeons. (urotoday.com)
Back to the opening question about the patient asking for antibiotics on the advice of her surgeons: the best approach here would be to explain to the patient what you see as best practices. (cdsbc.org)
Patterns of antibiotic prophylaxis use for thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy: results of an international survey of endocrine surgeons. (springer.com)
No specific protocols were being implemented widely in South Africa, and there was a marked difference in the practice between surgical and medical gastroenterologists, with surgeons using antibiotics more often. (ajol.info)

To evaluate the effectiveness and adverse effects of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in TRPB. (cochrane.org)

In addition, there are various medical conditions for which clinicians recommended antibiotic prophylaxis, although there is no evidence to support this practice. (wikipedia.org)
To determine the efficacy of antibiotics, either prophylaxis or concurrent antibiotics at the time of the procedure, in reducing peristomal infection after PEG insertion in the context of a study designed to reflect current practice. (nih.gov)
In practice, this implies that the only reasonable antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent almost every bacteremia due to oral streptococci wou. (bmj.com)
Wolf JS Jr, Bennett CJ, Dmochowski RR et al (2008) Best practice policy statement on urologic surgery antimicrobial prophylaxis. (springer.com)

Surveillance for adverse events and adherence to antibiotics has been conducted through surveillance and cross-sectional studies. (cdc.gov)
Adverse events, defined as allergic reactions to antibiotics. (clinicaltrials.gov)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Use of preexposure antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis control has been limited by concerns about acceptability and adverse behavioral effects. (rand.org)
Antibiotic administration perioperatively has been shown to reduce associated morbidity, however, indiscriminate use has been associated with adverse outcomes. (ovid.com)
The most commonly reported adverse events with prescribing prophylactic antibiotics were nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. (geripal.org)
Adverse effects from oral amoxicillin prophylaxis are uncommon with no deaths reported in Europe since records began. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Use of prophylaxis was well tolerated: we recorded 22 minor adverse events in the prophylaxis group related to antibiotic prophylaxis during the study, predominantly gastrointestinal disturbance (six participants), skin rash (six participants), and candidal infection (four participants). (soton.ac.uk)

The present study aimed to compare oral antibiotic prophylaxis, topical antibiotic prophylaxis, and simple wound care in uncomplicated minor hand lacerations. (springermedizin.de)

1] are clearly insufficient to conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis prevents bacteremia due to streptococci. (bmj.com)

The administration of antibiotics to children involved in outbreaks of pneumococcal disease has had an inconsistent effect on nasopharyngeal carriage. (aappublications.org)
RESULTS: One patient in the cefuroxime group had local wound infection which responded well to local treatment and administration of antibiotics. (biomedsearch.com)

The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends antibiotic prophylaxis for very few people since only a small number of cases of endocarditis might be caused by dental procedures. (wikipedia.org)
Compared with previous recommendations, there are currently relatively few patient subpopulations for whom antibiotic prophylaxis may be indicated prior to certain dental procedures. (ada.org)
Previous beliefs were held that IE can be induced from dental procedures due to the invasive nature of treatment, therefore antibiotics were widely prescribed before dental treatment to prevent this. (wikipedia.org)
It is now established that 'Antibiotic prophylaxis against IE is not recommended routinely for people undergoing dental procedures' according to NICE 2016, recommendation 1.1.3. (wikipedia.org)
The Medicare Quality Improvement Community (MedQIC) , a national knowledge forum for healthcare and quality improvement professionals, encourages careful selection and use of antibiotics for surgical procedures. (rochester.edu)
According to the American Dental Association , there are very few circumstances in which antibiotics should be used for preventive measures before dental procedures. (colgate.com)
People with prosthetic joints were once prescribed antibiotics before dental procedures, believed to be at a higher risk of a blood infection affecting their prosthetic. (colgate.com)
Links between infective endocarditis (IE) and dental and other invasive procedures were first identified in the 1920s, and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) to prevent IE was first recommended by the American Heart Association in 1955. (nih.gov)
Prophylaxis is uniformly recommended for all clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty procedures. (aafp.org)
In 2015, ADA released the Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prior to Dental Procedures. (aboutaerobics.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis (or premedication) is simply the taking of antibiotics before some dental procedures such as teeth cleaning, tooth extractions, root canals, and deep cleaning between the tooth root and gums to prevent infection. (mouthhealthy.org)
This version introduces surgical antibiotic prophylaxis procedures based on standard principles, thus promoting new approaches to improve the delivery of the Essential Package of Hospital Services (EPHS) in the NRH, as well as in other hospitals. (msh.org)
As of 2008, Antibiotic prophylaxis solely to prevent infective endocarditis (IE) is no longer recommended before endoscopic procedures. (hemorrhoid.net)
Antibiotic prophylaxis in the perioperative period is the standard of care for nearly all surgical procedures and routinely prescribed during solid organ transplantation (SOT). (ovid.com)
No pre- or post-procedure antibiotic prophylaxis was provided for 121 procedures. (osti.gov)
Infection rates were also associated with procedural length and complex bone removal procedures (alveolplasty, ostectomy, etc.). 59 Other investigations have not shown a benefit of prophylactic antibiotic use in a third molar extraction model. (dentalcare.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis: indicated for people at high risk having high-risk dental procedures. (bjcardio.co.uk)
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed in 97.5% of procedures. (who.int)
Is antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures recommended for those with pacemakers? (healthtap.com)
Is it true that antibiotic prophylaxis is needed for dental procedures for people with prior rheumatic heart disease? (healthtap.com)
BACKGROUND: In March 2008, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommended stopping antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) for those at risk of infective endocarditis (IE) undergoing dental procedures in the United Kingdom, citing a lack of evidence of efficacy and costeffectiveness. (surrey.ac.uk)

Depending on the procedure and/or the patient's medical status, prophylactic antibiotics may very well be required, but not specifically because of the presence of a prosthetic joint. (cdsbc.org)

Protocols for mass antibiotic prophylaxis against anthrax were under development in New York City beginning in early 1999. (cdc.gov)
As part of national bioterrorism preparedness efforts, New York City began actively developing protocols for the distribution of mass antibiotic prophylaxis against anthrax in early 1999. (cdc.gov)
The goal of the plan was to have the ability to provide mass antibiotic prophylaxis to 8 million New Yorkers over a 48-hour period-in the worst-case scenario of a large-scale bioterrorism attack-without impinging upon the capacity of local medical facilities to respond to the needs of persons affected by the biological agent. (cdc.gov)
A recent poll shows that the U.S. public would most likely be willing to participate in a mass antibiotic prophylaxis program in the case of an inhalation anthrax attack, despite some fears. (bioprepwatch.com)
The attack in the scenario would require a mass antibiotic prophylaxis response from the government within a 48 hour period, CIDRAP News reports. (bioprepwatch.com)

The secondary objective was to evaluate the patterns and predictors of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis. (ovid.com)

Antibiotic selection is influenced by the organism most commonly causing wound infection in the specific procedure and by the relative costs of available agents. (aafp.org)
In trials of elective c-section, endometritis (6 trials) and fever (5 trials) were less frequent, but the rates of wound infection (7 trials), UTI (4 trials), and serious infection (2 trials) were not affected by antibiotics. (bmj.com)
The goal of this analysis was to determine if the use of antibiotics in mammalian bites is effective in preventing bite wound infection. (brown.edu)

Worldwide experience with antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery has proven to be effective and cost-efficient, both avoiding severe patient suffering while saving lives (provided the appropriate antibiotics have been carefully chosen and used to the best of current medical knowledge). (wikipedia.org)
For prophylaxis in surgery, only antibiotics with good tolerability should be used. (wikipedia.org)
Based on previous studies, though, the risk of endocarditis following cutaneous surgery is low and thus the use of antibiotic prophylaxis is controversial. (wikipedia.org)
If you've recently undergone joint or heart surgery, talk to your dental professional about the need for antibiotic prophylaxis for dental or dental hygiene treatment. (colgate.com)
However, the optimal duration of antibiotic prophylaxis after orthopaedic trauma surgery is not well-defined. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Laparoscopic surgery offers some advantages related to less manipulation and shorter length of surgical wound, so antibiotic prophylaxis effect could be lower than in open surgery. (cochrane.org)
3. Within the antibiotic group undergoing surgery, there were 15 C. difficile cases. (beckersasc.com)
The purpose of this study is to determine if antibiotic treatment of appendicitis is an option compared to surgery. (bioportfolio.com)
But even healthy people with strong immune systems may occasionally be given preventive antibiotics-if they are having certain kinds of surgery that carry a high risk of infection, or if they are traveling to parts of the world where they are likely to get an infection that causes diarrhea , for example. (thefreedictionary.com)
Antibiotic prophylaxis in thyroid surgery: a preliminary multicentric Italian experience. (springer.com)
To reduce the risk of infection, cefuroxime, a type of liquid antibiotics for use directly in the blood stream is given today, one hour before surgery. (healthcanal.com)
With the new method for protection against infection, which he and his colleagues present in the scientific journal BMJ, the patient is instead given different antibiotic drugs, a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, as a direct solution in PEG-catheter after surgery is completed. (healthcanal.com)
Dual drug delivery from intraocular lens material for prophylaxis of endophthalmitis in cataract surgery. (annals.org)
It is reported that antibiotics constitute one third of all drugs used in hospitals and 80% of antibiotics are used in surgery-associated cases (5). (who.int)
A critical review of antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery. (semanticscholar.org)
Antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery: advisory statement 2008. (semanticscholar.org)

None of thetrials assessed or reported data regarding other outcomes, and information was insufficient to show whether a specific antibiotic is better than another. (nationalelfservice.net)

Gould I (2016) Antibiotic stewardship: what's not to like? (springer.com)

The primary objective was to determine adherence to ACOG recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical sterilization. (ovid.com)

Readministration at one to two half-lives of the antibiotic is recommended for the duration of the procedure. (aafp.org)
They did note that antibiotic prophylaxis duration did not impact UTI risk. (urotoday.com)
Overall limitations include a small number of studies performed in the United Kingdom, a heterogeneous study population among subjects, optimal duration of treatment was non-specified, and finally specific antibiotic medication choice (erythromycin or penicillin) varied across the studies. (geripal.org)
However, there needs to be more randomized controlled trials set in the United States to determine the applicability, specific antibiotic choice, and optimal duration of treatment. (geripal.org)
Conclusion: This first comprehensive audit of PAP in a German POC outlines significant opportunities for improvement in terms of correct dosing, correct choice of the antibiotic, and shorter duration of PAP. (ivteam.com)

None of the prophylaxis methods was superior with respect to infection development ( p = 0.87). (springermedizin.de)

The infection rates for hand bites were significantly reduced by antibiotic administration (2% vs. 28% in control group) (OR 0.10, 95% CI0.01 to 0.86, NNT=4, 95% CI 2 to 50). (brown.edu)

CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis for syphilis was acceptable and not followed by increases in risky behavior. (rand.org)
CONCLUSION: Comparing to cefuroxime,fosfomycin is safe and effective for the use as antibiotic prophylaxis in knee arthroplasty. (biomedsearch.com)

Interpretation: Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in reducing UTI frequency in CISC users with recurrent UTIs, and it is well tolerated in these individuals. (soton.ac.uk)

In recent years, the effectiveness of continuous antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) has been intensely discussed. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Continuous antibiotic prophylaxis did not prevent the recurrence of infection or the development of renal scars. (deflux.com)

Our findings provide indirect support for the hypothesis that treatment with antibiotics at a relatively advanced age reduces the risk of gastric cancer. (diva-portal.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms8

Diseases37

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care28

Geographicals1

Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (1/1047)

Infections associated with dental procedures in total hip arthroplasty. (2/1047)

Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. (3/1047)

Infective endocarditis and dentistry: outcome-based research. (4/1047)

Review article: antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). (5/1047)

Implementing a policy for pneumococcal prophylaxis in a haematology unit after splenectomy. (6/1047)

Neutropenic infections in 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease treated with high-dose BEAM chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant: out-patient treatment is a viable option. (7/1047)

Infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, incidence, and indications for antibiotic prophylaxis. (8/1047)

Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Surgical Wound Infection

Cefazolin

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Premedication

Puerperal Infection

Floxacillin

Cefuroxime

Bacterial Infections

Streptococcal Infections

Oral Surgical Procedures

Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea

Prosthesis-Related Infections

Streptococcus agalactiae

Endocarditis, Bacterial

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Gastrostomy

Dental Care for Chronically Ill

Cephalosporins

Clindamycin

Guideline Adherence

Perioperative Care

Cephradine

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination

Gentamicins

Patient Isolators

Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Cefotetan

Penicillins

Endometritis

Cefonicid

Thoracic Surgery

Bioterrorism

Urinary Tract Infections

Bacteremia

Endocarditis

Prospective Studies

Diagnostic Techniques, Urological

Dental Prophylaxis

Drug Resistance, Bacterial

Staphylococcal Infections

Wound Infection

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary

Joint Prosthesis

Retrospective Studies

Postoperative Complications

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Practice Guidelines as Topic

Metronidazole

Treatment Outcome

Cesarean Section

Anthrax

Skull Fracture, Basilar

Anti-Infective Agents

Surgery, Oral

Physician's Practice Patterns

Ampicillin

Drug Therapy, Combination

Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing

Ciprofloxacin

Vancomycin

New Caledonia

Sepsis

Risk Factors

Infection Control

Erythromycin

Amoxicillin

Infant, Newborn

Catheters, Indwelling

Levofloxacin

Time Factors

Fractures, Closed

Dental Care

Drug Resistance, Microbial

Bacteria

Incidence

Antisepsis

Cross Infection

Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical