Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications.
Infection occurring at the site of a surgical incision.
A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Preliminary administration of a drug preceding a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure. The commonest types of premedication are antibiotics (ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS) and anti-anxiety agents. It does not include PREANESTHETIC MEDICATION.
An infection occurring in PUERPERIUM, the period of 6-8 weeks after giving birth.
Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.
Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.
Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.
Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the external auditory meatus or through the eustachian tube into the nasopharynx. This is usually associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE involving the TEMPORAL BONE;), NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; or other conditions, but may rarely occur spontaneously. (From Am J Otol 1995 Nov;16(6):765-71)
Infections resulting from the implantation of prosthetic devices. The infections may be acquired from intraoperative contamination (early) or hematogenously acquired from other sites (late).
A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.
Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.
The prevention of infection or disease following exposure to a pathogen.
Creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastrointestinal compression.
Dental care for patients with chronic diseases. These diseases include chronic cardiovascular, endocrinologic, hematologic, immunologic, neoplastic, and renal diseases. The concept does not include dental care for the mentally or physically disabled which is DENTAL CARE FOR DISABLED.
A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.
An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.
Conformity in fulfilling or following official, recognized, or institutional requirements, guidelines, recommendations, protocols, pathways, or other standards.
Interventions to provide care prior to, during, and immediately after surgery.
A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.
This drug combination has proved to be an effective therapeutic agent with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.
A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.
Equipment used to prevent contamination of and by patients, especially those with bacterial infections. This includes plastic surgical isolators and isolators used to protect immunocompromised patients.
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).
A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)
Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.
A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.
A surgical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the heart, lungs, and esophagus. Two major types of thoracic surgery are classified as pulmonary and cardiovascular.
The use of biological agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of BACTERIA; VIRUSES; or other BIOLOGICAL TOXINS against people, ANIMALS; or PLANTS.
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the urinary tract or its organs or demonstration of its physiological processes.
Treatment for the prevention of periodontal diseases or other dental diseases by the cleaning of the teeth in the dental office using the procedures of DENTAL SCALING and DENTAL POLISHING. The treatment may include plaque detection, removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus, application of caries-preventing agents, checking of restorations and prostheses and correcting overhanging margins and proximal contours of restorations, and checking for signs of food impaction.
The ability of bacteria to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.
Invasion of the site of trauma by pathogenic microorganisms.
Substances capable of killing agents causing urinary tract infections or of preventing them from spreading.
Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.
A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.
Fractures which extend through the base of the SKULL, usually involving the PETROUS BONE. Battle's sign (characterized by skin discoloration due to extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue behind the ear and over the mastoid process), CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES, TRAUMATIC; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; and CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA are relatively frequent sequelae of this condition. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p876)
Substances that prevent infectious agents or organisms from spreading or kill infectious agents in order to prevent the spread of infection.
A dental specialty concerned with the diagnosis and surgical treatment of disease, injuries, and defects of the human oral and maxillofacial region.
Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.
Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
A severe form of acute INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS characterized by one or more areas of NECROSIS in the pancreas with varying degree of involvement of the surrounding tissues or organ systems. Massive pancreatic necrosis may lead to DIABETES MELLITUS, and malabsorption.
A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.
Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.
A group of islands in Melanesia constituting a French overseas territory. The group includes New Caledonia (the main island), Ile des Pins, Loyalty Island, and several other islet groups. The capital is Noumea. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1774 and visited by various navigators, explorers, and traders from 1792 to 1840. Occupied by the French in 1853, it was set up as a penal colony 1864-94. In 1946 it was made a French overseas territory. It was named by Captain Cook with the 5th and 6th century A.D. Latin name for Scotland, Caledonia. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p830 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p375)
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms.
A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.
A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.
An infant during the first month after birth.
Catheters designed to be left within an organ or passage for an extended period of time.
The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.
The total of dental diagnostic, preventive, and restorative services provided to meet the needs of a patient (from Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982).
The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
The destruction of germs causing disease.
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.
The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.
A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.
Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)
The use of chemical compounds to prevent the development of a specific disease.
A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.
A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.
Polyester polymers formed from terephthalic acid or its esters and ethylene glycol. They can be formed into tapes, films or pulled into fibers that are pressed into meshes or woven into fabrics.
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.
Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.
A voluntary organization concerned with the prevention and treatment of heart and vascular diseases.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.
Fractures of the skull which may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating head injuries or rarely BONE DISEASES (see also FRACTURES, SPONTANEOUS). Skull fractures may be classified by location (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR), radiographic appearance (e.g., linear), or based upon cranial integrity (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, DEPRESSED).
A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.
A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.
Surgical procedure involving either partial or entire removal of the spleen.
Patterns of practice in dentistry related to diagnosis and treatment.
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.
Glycosylated compounds in which there is an amino substituent on the glycoside. Some of them are clinically important ANTIBIOTICS.
A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.
Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.
The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.
A species of bacteria that causes ANTHRAX in humans and animals.
Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.
Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.
The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.
Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.
Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the stomach.
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.
A large heterogeneous group of mostly alpha-hemolytic streptococci. They colonize the respiratory tract at birth and generally have a low degree of pathogenicity. This group of species includes STREPTOCOCCUS MITIS; STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS; STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SOBRINUS; and the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. The latter are often beta-hemolytic and commonly produce invasive pyogenic infections including brain and abdominal abscesses.
Partial or total replacement of a joint.
Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
An acute inflammation of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA that is characterized by the presence of pseudomembranes or plaques in the SMALL INTESTINE (pseudomembranous enteritis) and the LARGE INTESTINE (pseudomembranous colitis). It is commonly associated with antibiotic therapy and CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE colonization.
Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.
Removal of all or part of the PROSTATE, often using a cystoscope and/or resectoscope passed through the URETHRA.
Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.
The utilization of drugs as reported in individual hospital studies, FDA studies, marketing, or consumption, etc. This includes drug stockpiling, and patient drug profiles.
Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.
Institutions with an organized medical staff which provide medical care to patients.
A surgical specialty which utilizes medical, surgical, and physical methods to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the skeletal system, its articulations, and associated structures.
A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.
Surgical reconstruction of a joint to relieve pain or restore motion.
Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of METHICILLIN, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative.
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Hospitals maintained by a university for the teaching of medical students, postgraduate training programs, and clinical research.
The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based on a bicyclo-thiazine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria.
Any woven or knit material of open texture used in surgery for the repair, reconstruction, or substitution of tissue. The mesh is usually a synthetic fabric made of various polymers. It is occasionally made of metal.
Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
Replacement for a knee joint.
A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.
Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.
A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.
A group of often glycosylated macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPIONATES cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, or 16)-membered lactone. Macrolides belong to the POLYKETIDES class of natural products, and many members exhibit ANTIBIOTIC properties.
Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.

Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (1/1047)

New drugs are needed for preventing drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against P. falciparum in malaria-immune Kenyans was 83%. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesian adults with limited immunity. After radical cure therapy, 300 randomized subjects received azithromycin (148 subjects, 750-mg loading dose followed by 250 mg/d), placebo (77), or doxycycline (75, 100 mg/d). The end point was slide-proven parasitemia. There were 58 P. falciparum and 29 P. vivax prophylaxis failures over 20 weeks. Using incidence rates, the protective efficacy of azithromycin relative to placebo was 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.3-83.8) against P. falciparum malaria and 98.9% (95% CI, 93.1-99.9) against P. vivax malaria. Corresponding figures for doxycycline were 96.3% (95% CI, 85.4-99.6) and 98% (95% CI, 88.0-99.9), respectively. Daily azithromycin offered excellent protection against P. vivax malaria but modest protection against P. falciparum malaria.  (+info)

Infections associated with dental procedures in total hip arthroplasty. (2/1047)

Dental procedures may lead to a transient bacteraemia lasting for up to 30 minutes. Of the numerous cases of total hip arthroplasty (THA) reported which have been infected from haematogenous sources, dental procedures have been involved only infrequently. We reviewed the records of 2973 patients after THA. Of the late infections identified in 52 patients, three (6%) were strongly associated with a dental procedure. Infection was diagnosed by culture from the affected joint; Streptococcus viridans was identified in two cases and Peptostreptococcus in one. One patient had diabetes mellitus and another rheumatoid arthritis, both conditions predisposing to infection. The dental operations all lasted for more than 45 minutes and no patient received perioperative antibiotics. Infection of a THA after dental procedures is more common than has been previously suspected. Patients with systemic disease, or who are undergoing extensive procedures, should be considered for prophylactic antibiotic treatment.  (+info)

Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group. (3/1047)

BACKGROUND: In patients with persistent fever and neutropenia, amphotericin B is administered empirically for the early treatment and prevention of clinically occult invasive fungal infections. However, breakthrough fungal infections can develop despite treatment, and amphotericin B has substantial toxicity. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing liposomal amphotericin B with conventional amphotericin B as empirical antifungal therapy. RESULTS: The mean duration of therapy was 10.8 days for liposomal amphotericin B (343 patients) and 10.3 days for conventional amphotericin B (344 patients). The composite rates of successful treatment were similar (50 percent for liposomal amphotericin B and 49 percent for conventional amphotericin B) and were independent of the use of antifungal prophylaxis or colony-stimulating factors. The outcomes were similar with liposomal amphotericin B and conventional amphotericin B with respect to survival (93 percent and 90 percent, respectively), resolution of fever (58 percent and 58 percent), and discontinuation of the study drug because of toxic effects or lack of efficacy (14 percent and 19 percent). There were fewer proved breakthrough fungal infections among patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B (11 patients [3.2 percent]) than among those treated with conventional amphotericin B (27 patients [7.8 percent], P=0.009). With the liposomal preparation significantly fewer patients had infusion-related fever (17 percent vs. 44 percent), chills or rigors (18 percent vs. 54 percent), and other reactions, including hypotension, hypertension, and hypoxia. Nephrotoxic effects (defined by a serum creatinine level two times the upper limit of normal) were significantly less frequent among patients treated with liposomal amphotericin B (19 percent) than among those treated with conventional amphotericin B (34 percent, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Liposomal amphotericin B is as effective as conventional amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with fever and neutropenia, and it is associated with fewer breakthrough fungal infections, less infusion-related toxicity, and less nephrotoxicity.  (+info)

Infective endocarditis and dentistry: outcome-based research. (4/1047)

Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis has long been recommended for patients receiving dental care. Two studies of patients with endocarditis found limited risk associated with dental treatment. It is imperative that guidelines for therapy be based on outcome studies and on evidence of safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness.  (+info)

Review article: antibiotic prophylaxis for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). (5/1047)

This review examines the evidence for antibiotic prophylaxis in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopan-creatography (ERCP), and provides detailed advice about suitable antibiotic regimens in appropriate high-risk patients. Ascending cholangitis and infective endocarditis are potential complications of endoscopic ERCP. The pathophysiology of these two complications is quite separate and different sub-groups of patients require prophylaxis with appropriate antibiotic regimens. Ascending cholangitis results from bacterial infection of an obstructed biliary system, usually from enteric Gram-negative microorganisms, resulting in bacteraemia. There is incomplete drainage of the biliary system after ERCP in up to 10% of patients who require stenting. Antibiotics started in these patients will probably reduce the frequency of cholangitis by 80%. If antibiotics are restricted to this group, approximately 90% of all patients having an ERCP will avoid antibiotics, but 80% of cholangitic episodes will be prevented. Infective endocarditis may result from the bacteraemia caused at the time of the ERCP in patients with an abnormal heart valve. Antibiotic prophylaxis, in particular covering alpha-haemolytic streptococci, should be started before the procedure in this defined high-risk group.  (+info)

Implementing a policy for pneumococcal prophylaxis in a haematology unit after splenectomy. (6/1047)

People who have had a splenectomy for any reason are 40 times more likely to have an overwhelming infection, especially pneumococcal infection, and 17 times more likely to suffer fatal sepsis. The incidence of such life threatening infections is reduced by prophylactic immunisation with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine and long term antibiotic prophylaxis or instituting prompt antibiotic treatment in the event of fever. This haematology unit agreed a policy of immunisation and antibiotic prophylaxis in June 1988 for all patients undergoing elective splenectomy. The success of this policy was audited in July 1993 by a retrospective analysis of patients' case notes. Seventy four patients were identified as having had a splenectomy, 54 (73%) before June 1988, of whom only 13 (24%) had received both pneumococcal immunisation and antibiotic prophylaxis before implementation of the agreed policy. At the time of audit, 46/74 (62%) patients were recorded as having received immunisation and 64/74 (86%) as receiving antibiotic prophylaxis or a supply of antibiotics to take in the event of a fever. All but one of the 20 patients who had a splenectomy after June 1988, since implementation of the agreed policy, received immunisation and antibiotic prophylaxis. The authors conclude that establishment of a formal agreed policy for pneumococcal prophylaxis for patients undergoing splenectomy has improved the quality of care.  (+info)

Neutropenic infections in 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease treated with high-dose BEAM chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant: out-patient treatment is a viable option. (7/1047)

A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 75) or Hodgkin's disease (HD, n = 25) who underwent peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant (PBPCT) following high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with BCNU, etoposide, cytarabine and melphalan (BEAM) between March 1994 and June 1997. Following PBPCT and until engraftment all patients received oral ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, patients with positive Herpes simplex virus serology received acyclovir and 91 patients received filgrastim. The median days of neutropenia and days to an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >500/mm3 were 6 and 9, respectively. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 68 patients. Gram-positive bacteremia occurred in 14 patients. No gram-negative infections, invasive fungal infections, intensive care visits or deaths occurred during the period of neutropenia or in the first 30 days following transplant. In multivariate logistic regression the risk of development of any infection was associated only with the duration of neutropenia (P = 0.02) and the risk of bacteremia was associated only with the number of CD34+ cells infused (P = 0.046). Among 49 patients treated in the outpatient setting, 14 (28%) were never admitted. High-dose chemotherapy with BEAM supported by PBPCT, prophylactic antibiotics and filgrastim resulted in a low incidence of infections and no acute mortality. WBC engraftment occurred rapidly allowing for a predictable course during which lengthy hospital stays and amphotericin therapy could be avoided.  (+info)

Infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevalence, incidence, and indications for antibiotic prophylaxis. (8/1047)

BACKGROUND: The literature on infective endocarditis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is virtually confined to case reports. Consequently, the risk of endocarditis in HCM remains undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the occurrence of endocarditis in 810 HCM patients evaluated between 1970 and 1997. Endocarditis was diagnosed in 10 patients, 2 of whom were excluded from analysis of prevalence and incidence because they were referred for acute endocarditis. At first evaluation, echocardiographic features consistent with prior endocarditis were identified in 3 of 808 patients, a prevalence of 3.7 per 1000 patients (95% CI, 0.8 to 11). Of 681 patients who were followed, 5 developed endocarditis, an incidence of 1.4 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 0.5 to 3.2); outflow obstruction was present in each of these 5 patients and was associated with the risk of endocarditis (P=0.006). In the 224 obstructive patients, incidence of endocarditis was 3.8 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 1.6 to 8.9) and probability of endocarditis 4. 3% at 10 years. Left atrial size was also associated with the risk of endocarditis (P=0.007). In patients with both obstruction and atrial dilatation (>/=50 mm), incidence of endocarditis increased to 9.2 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 2.5 to 23.5). Analysis of all 10 patients with endocarditis identified outflow obstruction in each and atrial dilatation in 7. CONCLUSIONS: Endocarditis in HCM is virtually confined to patients with outflow obstruction and is more common in those with both obstruction and atrial dilatation. These results indicate that antibiotic prophylaxis is required only in patients with obstructive HCM.  (+info)

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common serious complications after surgery and associated with preventable morbidity, mortality, and increased health care costs. The use of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is an effective measure that helps to protect against SSIs. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of surgical staff towards preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery department at an academic tertiary hospital in Sudan. An observational descriptive study was conducted among doctors in the surgery department at an academic tertiary hospital in Sudan in order to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP). A four-section multiple-choice questionnaire was designed and hand-delivered to registered doctors in the surgery department at an academic tertiary hospital in Sudan. The WHO guidelines were used to evaluate the answers of the participants. Out of 56 doctors requested to participate in
The Nangarhar Public Health Directorate, the HealthNet Trans Psychosocial Organization (HN TPO), and the USAID-funded Strengthening Pharmaceutical Systems (SPS) Program implemented by Management Sciences for Health (MSH) are pleased to present the 2013 edition of the Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Standard Treatment Guidelines. This version introduces surgical antibiotic prophylaxis procedures based on standard principles, thus promoting new approaches to improve the delivery of the Essential Package of Hospital Services (EPHS) in the NRH, as well as in other hospitals. ...
The study set out to evaluate the efficacy of two antibiotic prophylaxis regimens in patients with facial fractures admitted to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology services of the Onofre Lopes University Hospital attached to the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte.This clinical study was prospective, randomized and controlled. Patients underwent surgery for facial fracture reduction and fixation under general anesthetic. Prior to surgery, patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 patients each received 2g of Cefazolin (Cefazolin Sodium - Ampoule- 1g - Genéricos Brasil), administered intravenously but none was administered in the post-operative period. Group II patients received the same dose prior to the operation but in the post-operative period they also received 4 additional 1 g doses of Cefazolin intravenously, completing a 24 period of antibiotic prophylaxis. In the case of operations that lasted for more than 4 hours, an additional 1g dose was ...
All international guidelines recommend perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAB) should be routinely administered to patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the duration of PAB is heterogeneous and controversial. Between 01.01.2011 and 31.12.2011, 1096 consecutive cardiac surgery patients were assigned to one of two groups receiving PAB with a second-generation cephalosporin for either 56 h (group I) or 32 h (group II). Patients characteristics, intraoperative data, and the in-hospital follow-up were analysed. Primary endpoint was the incidence of surgical site infection (deep and superficial sternal wound-, and vein harvesting site infection; DSWI/SSWI/VHSI). Secondary endpoints were the incidence of respiratory-, and urinary tract infection, as well as the mortality rate. 615/1096 patients (56,1%) were enrolled (group I: n = 283 versus group II: n = 332). There were no significant differences with regard to patient characteristics, comorbidities, and procedure-related variables. No
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing radical surgery for gynecologic cancer: single dose versus multiple dose administration.: A prospect
Prolapse of the uterus, bladder and rectum is a common condition in multiparous and/or elderly women. The number of operations for vaginal repair is increasing in Denmark, but there is no consensus or evidence found about the efficiency of prophylactic antibiotics intraoperatively concerning postoperative infections.. The objective of this randomized, controlled trial is to investigate the significance of prophylactic antibiotic treatment in vaginal repair operations. ...
Background The incidence of surgical site infection in bariatric patients is significant and the current recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis are sometimes inadequate. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of three prophylactic antibiotic regimens on the incidence of surgical site infection. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2009 and January 2013 in which 896 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses were performed to treat obesity. The study compared three groups of patients according to the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis administered intravenously and beginning at anesthesia induction: Group I consisting of 194 patients treated with two 3-g doses of ampicillin/sulbactam; Group II with 303 patients treated with a single 1-g dose of ertapenem; and Group III with 399 patients treated with a 2-g dose of cefazolin at anesthesia induction followed by a continuous infusion of cefazolin 1g throughout the surgical procedure. The rate of surgical ...
Synonyms for Antibiotic prophylaxis in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Antibiotic prophylaxis. 2 words related to prophylaxis: prevention, bar. What are synonyms for Antibiotic prophylaxis?
TY - JOUR. T1 - Emerging concepts in antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery. T2 - A systematic review. AU - Tita, Alan T.N.. AU - Rouse, Dwight J.. AU - Blackwell, Sean. AU - Saade, George R.. AU - Spong, Catherine Y.. AU - Andrews, William W.. PY - 2009/3. Y1 - 2009/3. N2 - OBJECTIVE:: To review the current status of antibiotic prophylaxis for cesarean delivery, emerging strategies to enhance the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing postcesarean infection, and the implications of the emerging practices. DATA SOURCES:: We conducted a full PubMed (January 1966 to July 2008) search using the key words cesarean and antibiotic prophylaxis. A total of 277 articles were identified and supplemented by a bibliographic search. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:: We selected a total of 15 studies, which included all published clinical trials, meta-analyses of clinical trials, and observational studies evaluating either the timing of antibiotics or the use of extended-spectrum ...
Background: Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is given routinely in the peri-operative period to prevent surgical site infection. However, in pediatric cardiac surgery, an optimal schedule has not been defined. Pediatric recommendations follow the guidelines for adults, which might be improper because of the inherent challenges in pediatric research and the heterogeneity of the population. Implementation of an effective prophylaxis protocol is needed for children undergoing cardiac surgery, especially in view of worldwide antibiotic overuse and the development of drug resistance. In this review, we analyze the current knowledge supported by up-to-date publications about antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric cardiac surgery.. Methods: The PubMed® database was searched for full-text journal articles describing peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in pediatric cardiac surgery published since 2000. Antibiotics used for standard prophylaxis with dosing schema, time of the first dose, additional dosage ...
Lets allocution numbers. One abstraction affected that 1,250 absolute collective backup patients charge be advised with antibacterial prophylaxis in adjustment to anticipate a distinct accident of prosthetic collective infection.6 That is a abundant bulk of antibiotics to appoint afterwards absolute affirmation of the merits, abnormally with the actuality of accepted ancillary effects. These ancillary effects, such as allergies, abhorrence and diarrhea, are college than the absolute cardinal of prevented prosthetic collective infections per 1,000 prescriptions for antibacterial prophylaxis.8 In accession to abeyant ancillary effects, the anniversary amount for antibacterial prophylaxis during dental procedures in patients with prosthetic joints averages 50 actor dollars in the United States.8 Evidence continues to abort to authenticate an affiliation amid dental procedures and prosthetic collective infections, or any capability of antibacterial prophylaxis. However, complications associated ...
Antibacterial prophylaxis after chemotherapy for solid tumors and lymphomas BACKGROUND: The role of prophylactic antibacterial agents after chemotherapy remains controversial. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients who were receiving cyclic chemotherapy for solid tumors or lymphoma and who were at risk for temporary, severe neutropenia (fewer than 500 neutrophils per cubic millimeter). Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 500 mg of levofloxacin once daily or matching placebo for seven days during the expected neutropenic period. The primary outcome was the incidence of clinically documented febrile episodes (temperature of more than 38 degreesC) attributed to infection. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of all probable infections, severe infections, and hospitalization but did not include a systematic evaluation of antibacterial resistance. RESULTS: A total of 1565 patients underwent randomization (784 to placebo and 781 to ...
PARITY is the first ever multi-centre, international, prospective randomized trial in the field of orthopaedic oncology. The trial will enroll 600 patients and compare the rates of deep infection in endoprosthetic reconstruction of the lower limb between two post-operative prophylactic antibiotic durations (24 hours and 5 days).. The risk for deep infection is at least 10 times higher in sarcoma reconstructive surgery than in non-cancer reconstructive surgery. Deep infection has devastating effects for patients, often resulting in limb amputation. The research question is based on longstanding uncertainty about the prophylactic antibiotic needs of patients undergoing limb salvage of the lower extremity with endoprosthetic reconstruction. A survey of orthopaedic oncologists determined that although the practice of antibiotic prophylaxis varies from surgeon to surgeon, there is overwhelming support for a randomized trial to answer this clinical question.. Hospitals from around the world are ...
Background: The Scottish Antimicrobial Prescribing Group (SAPG) is supporting two hospitals in Ghana to develop antimicrobial stewardship. Early intelligence gathering suggested that surgical prophylaxis was suboptimal. We reviewed the evidence for use of surgical prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSI) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to inform this work. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINHAL and Google Scholar were searched from inception to 17 February, 2020 for trials, audits, guidelines and systematic reviews in English. Grey literature, websites and reference lists of included studies were searched. Randomised clinical trials reporting incidence of SSI following Caesarian section were included in two meta-analyses. Narrative analysis of studies that explored behaviours and attitudes was conducted. Results: This review included 51 studies related to SSI and timing of antibiotic prophylaxis in LMICs. Incidence of SSIs is higher in LMICs, infection surveillance ...
Background: Although it has been a popular practice to use preventative antibiotics for the kidney recipients, it could increase the cost, encourage the growth of resistant micro-organism and have adverse effects. There has been no reported concrete evidence about the benefits and risks of using peri-operative prophylactic antibiotics for an immunosuppressed population. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the differences in the incidences of bacterial infection and adverse events after transplant surgery according to using peri-operative prophylactic antibiotics ...
A total of 11 randomised controlled trials (2867 participants) were included in the review. No new studies were identified in this update. All studies included breast cancer patients and were based in the hospital setting. Ten studies evaluated preoperative antibiotic compared with no antibiotic or placebo. One study evaluated perioperative antibiotic compared with placebo or no antibiotic. Pooling of the results demonstrated that prophylactic antibiotics administered preoperatively probably reduce the incidence of SSI for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery without reconstruction (pooled risk ratio (RR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.85; moderate certainty evidence). Anticipated absolute effects were calculated for the outcome incidence of SSI; 105 per 1000 for the none or placebo group and 71 per 1000 (95% CI 56 to 89) for the preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis group. Analysis of the single study comparing perioperative antibiotic with no antibiotic was inconclusive for ...
OBJECTIVES: Misuse of antibiotics in surgical prophylaxis is still quite common. The objectives of this study were to reduce the quantity and improve the quality of surgical prophylaxis and to reduce costs. METHODS: Prospective multi-site study of elective procedures in 13 Dutch hospitals. The quality of prophylaxis was audited before and after an intervention consisting of performance feedback and implementation of national clinical practice guidelines. Process outcome parameters were antibiotic choice, duration, timing, antibiotic volume and costs. Segmented regression analysis was used to estimate the effect size of the intervention. Patient outcome was documented by the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI). RESULTS: Before the intervention, 1763 procedures were recorded and 2050 thereafter. Antimicrobial use decreased from 121 to 79 DDD (defined daily doses)/100 procedures and costs reduced by 25% per procedure. After the intervention, antibiotic choice was inappropriate in only 37.5% ...
During the period of neutropenia due to chemotherapy, patients have high risk of infections. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce neutropenia-related complications in oncologic patients is still disputed. Recent meta-analysis and clinical trials demonstrated that antibiotic prophylaxis with chinolons reduces fever episodes, bacterial infections and mortality in adult oncologic patients with neutropenia due to chemotherapy for acute leukaemia. In paediatric patients, the only randomized, double-blind, prospective study up till now suggested that Amoxicillin clavulanate may represent an effective prophylactic treatment to reduce fever and infections in oncologic children with neutropenia, with an efficacy statistically demonstrated only in patients with acute leukaemia. Considering the risk of resistances, antibiotic-prophylaxis should be used only in selected patients ...
Any patient with a joint prosthesis is at a small risk of infection of the prosthesis by the haematogenous route. Early recognition and treatment of infection at any site is important to prevent seeding of the prosthesis. The value of antibiotic prophylaxis has not been established for procedures in which bacteraemia is likely to occur e.g. dental surgery, cystoscopy and surgical procedures on infected tissues. However, antibiotic prophylaxis may be considered for patients at potentially increased risk of haematogenous infection of joint prostheses, such as the immuno compromised and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, when undergoing procedures with a high incidence of bacteraemia e.g. dental extractions or surgical procedures involving incisions of the oral or gingival mucosa. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Predicting outcomes of neonates born to GBS-positive women who received inadequate intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis. AU - Kojima, Katsuaki. AU - Tanaka, Ryuma. AU - Nakajima, Keisuke. AU - Kurihara, Nobuyoshi. AU - Oba, Mari S aito. AU - Yamashita, Yukio. AU - Ishihara, Jun. AU - Yahagi, Naohisa. PY - 2014/5/1. Y1 - 2014/5/1. N2 - We determined the predicting factors of early-onset group B streptococcal (EOGBS) infection in neonates who were born to GBS carrier mothers with inadequate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Medical records of all neonates born from January 1, 2008 to April 1, 2010 were reviewed. Inadequate IAP was defined as delivery less than 4 hours (h) after the first administration of antimicrobial. Of 1910 neonates, 273 were born from mothers colonized with GBS, including 69 who received inadequate IAP. Of 69 neonates, nine showed symptoms, including respiratory distress, fever, tachycardia, vomiting, and irritability. Abnormalities in complete blood ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - An international survey of practice variation in the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section. AU - Huskins, W. C.. AU - Ba-Thike, K.. AU - Festin, M. R.. AU - Limpongsanurak, S.. AU - Lumbiganon, P.. AU - Peedicayil, A.. AU - Purwar, M.. AU - Shenoy, S.. AU - Goldmann, D. A.. AU - Tolosa, Jorge. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Objective: To examine the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in cesarean section in different countries and in relation to a reference regimen. Method: Fifty consecutive cesarean sections performed in eight centers in five countries were surveyed. Data from each center were compared to a regimen recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration (one dose of ampicillin or cefazolin administered to all women shortly before the procedure or immediately after cord clamping) using logistic regression with adjustment for procedure type. Result: Prophylaxis was used widely, but only four centers administered prophylaxis to all women. Ampicillin and cefazolin were the ...
Gastrointestinal , gi prophylaxis guidelines in the intensive care unit (ICU) is important in the prevention of stress gastritis. The incidence of clinicall
TY - JOUR. T1 - Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Infective Endocarditis. AU - Peterson, Gail E.. AU - Crowley, Anna Lisa. PY - 2019/7/16. Y1 - 2019/7/16. KW - Editorials. KW - antibiotic prophylaxis. KW - infective endocarditis. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069934299&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069934299&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041085. DO - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041085. M3 - Editorial. C2 - 31306069. AN - SCOPUS:85069934299. VL - 140. SP - 181. EP - 183. JO - Circulation. JF - Circulation. SN - 0009-7322. IS - 3. ER - ...
The PRO-IMPLANT Foundation is committed to supporting research, education, global networking and care of patients with bone, joint or implant infection.
Dr. James A. McGregor has served as Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology practicing at UCLA, USC and the University of Colorado Hospital. Dr. McGregor practiced as a fully engaged obstetrician and gynecologist for forty years at CedarsSinai/UCLA, Tucson Medical Center and University of Colorado Hospitals until his retirement in 2010. He is currently on Group B Strep Internationals Board of Directors and shares his expertise with GBSI through giving presentations and talking to providers and parents at perinatal conference exhibits around the world. ...
The routine use of preoperative biliary drainage before pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains controversial. This observational retrospective study compared stented and non-stented patients undergoing PD to assess any differences in post-operative morbidity and mortality. A total of 180 consecutive patients who underwent PD and had intra-operative bile cultures performed between January 2010 and February 2013 were retrospectively identified. All patients received peri-operative intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis, primarily cefazolin. Overall incidence of post-operative surgical complications was 52.3 %, with no difference between stented and non-stented patients (53.4 % vs. 51.1 %; p = 0.875). However, stented patients had a significantly higher incidence of deep incisional surgical site infections (SSIs) (p = 0.038). In multivariate analysis, biliary stenting was confirmed as a risk factor for deep incisional SSIs (p = 0.044). Significant associations were also observed for cardiac disease (p = 0.010)
혈청 백혈구 수(WBC), 적혈구 침강 속도(ESR), C-반응 단백질(CRP)을 수술 후 2 주간 반복 확인하였으며, 파종성 혈관내 응고증(disseminated intravascular ...
For these patients, any dental procedure may cause bleeding, and prophylactic antibiotic administration is recommended as a preventive measure.. Other patients who require prophylactic antibiotics The American Association of Endodontists extends recommendations to patients who have undergone joint replacement surgery within the past two years, suffer from type 1 diabetes, or have immune deficiencies from diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or HIV; cancer patients whose immune systems are suppressed because of radiation or chemotherapy; people who have had organ transplants; and hemophiliacs.. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry also includes people who suffer from sickle cell anemia, as well as patients who suffer from conditions that require chronic steroid therapy.. Typical endodontic procedures for which antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended include root canal therapy (when it involves going deeper than the root apex), surgical tooth extractions, and any other dental, ...
Antibiotics have a well-documented efficacy in the treatment of established infections and as prophylactic agents in medically compromised patients. However, the systematic administration of antibiotics to prevent local infections in fit patients is much more controversial. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the justification for prophylactic usage of antibiotics to prevent wound infection and to reason out the most appropriate antibiotic guidelines taking into account available scientific data and studies by other authors. Numerous clinical trials question the efficacy of antibiotics in preventing wound infection. While some studies establish that antibiotics reduce the incidence of postoperative infections, others compare their efficacy to that of placebo. Thus, scientific literature suggests that every oral surgical intervention is not tributary of systematic antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent local infections. Intrinsic surgical risk factors and the patients individual circumstances must ...
Given the number of prostate biopsies performed annually in the United States and associated infectious events as a result, we sought to determine if implementation of a standardized biopsy protocol utilizing antibiotic prophylaxis based on locally derived antibiograms would result in a decrease, relative to a contemporary control population, in the incidence of infection-related complications among community-based practices. A total of nine member groups of LUGPA participated in both a retrospective review and a prospective study of infection-related complications following prostate biopsy.
medwireNews: Antibiotic prophylaxis can help reduce the risk for urinary tract infection (UTI) after the removal of a urinary catheter, suggest
Pre-clinical animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated the inter-relationships between bacterial infections and onset of graft-versus-host disease (GV...
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These recommendations represented a major departure from the traditional practice of IE prophylaxis. The committee wanted to shift emphasis away from a focus on antibiotic prophylaxis prior to a single procedure to recommendations that place a much greater emphasis on improved access to dental care and oral health in patients with underlying cardiac conditions. High-risk patients were defined not on the basis of an increased risk for IE, but rather on an increased risk of an adverse outcome should they develop endocarditis.. The new guideline, which generated considerable controversy among physicians, dentists, and patients, represented a paradigm shift from traditional dogma and was based on expert consensus rather than on any compelling new data or evidence. In fact, one might argue that it was really a consensus document-and not an evidence-based guideline.. Health care providers have been reluctant to stop a practice that they had been taught was necessary to prevent a devastating event ...
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Advances in Pharmacological Sciences is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies in all areas of experimental and clinical pharmacology. Articles focusing on, but not limited to, biochemical pharmacology, drug mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology will be considered.
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) is considered one of the most effective measures for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs). An ECDC commissioned Systematic review and evidence-based guidance on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was performed to identify effective measures to improve compliance with PAP among healthcare professionals. The ...
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) is considered one of the most effective measures for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs). An ECDC commissioned Systematic review and evidence-based guidance on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was performed to identify effective measures to improve compliance with PAP among healthcare professionals. The ...
Inappropriate use of prophylactic antibiotics can increase the rates of surgical site wound infections, lead to the development of resistant organisms and to increased health care costs. Despite widespread knowledge of standard antibiotic prophylaxis protocols (SAPs) in implant surgeries, it is thought that many Nigerian surgeons do not comply. The purpose of this study was to determine the awareness of Nigerian orthopaedic surgeons of SAPs in implant surgeries and their compliance. This was an observational study done using a questionnaire to collect data from orthopaedic surgeons at the National Orthopaedic Association annual conference held at Lokoja, Nigeria in November 2013. There were 66 respondents divided into 56 consultants and ten surgical residents. Most respondents were aware of standard guidelines for the use of prophylactic antibiotics (86.36 %). Many of them (63.63 %) did not know the average rate of infection following implant surgery in their institutions. Compliance with SAPs was found
Urinary tract infections are amongst the most frequent nosocomial infections followed by surgical site infections (SSI). Antibiotic prophylaxis is only one way to reduce the risk of post-operative infection.
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In response to Dr. Jacobsons letter, although 27 participants did receive antibiotic prophylaxis, they constituted only 21% of the 127 participants who had dental treatment in the 3-month period. More important, among those with indications for antibiotics (that is, patients with previously known cardiac valve abnormalities undergoing dental work), only 17 of 29 (59%) case-patients with dental treatment received antibiotic prophylaxis, compared with 3 (50%) of 6 controls (P = 1.0). In fact, the unadjusted odds ratio for the association between dental therapy and infective endocarditis was 0.5 (95% CI, 0.01 to 9.6) among those with antibiotic prophylaxis, compared with 0.3 (CI, 0.01 to 4.2) among those without antibiotic prophylaxis. Thus, not only were our results not due to widespread use of prophylaxis, but they also did not suggest a protective effect ...
Researchers are warning against routine antibiotic prophylaxis with intravitreal injection after finding that the practice can increase the antibiotic resistance of ocular surface flora. Full Story →. ...
The additional value of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infectious complications after emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is a much-debated subject in the surgical community. Evidence-based guidelines are lacking, and consequently the use of antibiotic prophylaxis varies greatly among surgeons and hospitals. Recently, high-level evidence became available demonstrating that postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with acute cholecystitis does not reduce the risk of infectious complications. Preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in relation to the risk of infectious complications, however, has never been studied. The PEANUTS II trial is a randomized, controlled, multicenter, open-label noninferiority trial whose aim is to determine the utility of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing emergency cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis. Patients with mild or moderate acute cholecystitis, as defined according the Tokyo Guidelines, will be
Antibiotic prophylaxis for invasive dental procedures to prevent infective endocarditis (IE) had been prescribed since the 1950s. However, the recommendations were partially or totally abandoned in the 1990s in Europe and the US. In the process of revising the guidelines in Japan, we collected items of evidence and discussed the following issues: 1) The prevalence of IE associated with the dental procedure for which it was prescribed, 2) Risk stratification for IE for background diseases, 3) Change in the of IE in Europe and US after the modification of the guidelines, 4) Results of a cost benefit analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis, 5) Recognition of and compliance with the guidelines by doctors and dentists, and 6) Adverse effects related to antibiotic prophylaxis. As a consequence of the discussions, the revised guidelines by the Japanese Circulation Society in 2017 recommend antibiotic prophylaxis both for the highest- and moderate-risk patients. The English version of the guidelines have ...
We much appreciated the Clinical Opinion by Turrentine1 regarding intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for the prevention of neonatal group B Streptococcus (GBS) early-onset sepsis. The author raises concerns about cases of inadequate duration (,4 hours) of IAP before delivery. Indeed, as much as 25-40% of GBS-colonized women will not receive the 4 hours of IAP that are recommended by guidelines. To optimize fetal exposure, Turrentine recommends strategies such as (1) to postpone artificial rupture of membranes (or administration of oxytocin) until 4 hours IAP is completed and (2) to start IAP before the initiation of uterotonic agents in women who are admitted for induction of labor. Although the first step is feasible, a woman with a Bishop score ,5 may be exposed to several antibiotic doses until delivery. The minimum duration of IAP for the prevention of early-onset GBS sepsis remains uncertain, because existing data are conflicting. There is evidence that bactericidal levels of ...
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) has released guidelines on the appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis in women undergoing gynecologic procedures.
BACKGROUND: Polyacrylamide hydrogel has in the last decade gained popularity as an injectable filler for facial augmentation due to its features of non-toxicity, biocompatibility, safety profile, and immediate effect. However, as all types of injections carry the risk of infection and since the polyacrylamide hydrogel is a non-degradable implant, the possibility of bacterial biofilm formation exists. Theoretically, the risk of infection and subsequent biofilm formation can be avoided by using prophylactic antibiotic treatment prior to the time of injection. METHOD: This retrospective study of outcomes following polyacrylamide hydrogel injections includes 657 subjects from one centre, which had facial injections from 2001 and 2011. Until 2007 prophylactic antibiotics were not given prior to treatment, but in September 2007 a single oral dose of azithromycin (Zitromax) and moxifloxacin (Avelox) was introduced as prophylactic antibiotics. A total of 496 subjects were injected before 2007 without antibiotic
Infections in orthopedic surgery are large problem in the medicine and are present all around the world.The main objective of the antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgeries is to prevent infection during the surgical intervention with antimicrobial agent that is safe, effective, and has a spectrum of activity that covers the most common pathogens that may occur during surgical procedures. Rational use of antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgeries has an important role in the prevention of the surgical infection. Patients who have undergone orthopedic surgery represent a high-risk group for postoperative infection. ...
Background: Repeated symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 25% of people who use clean intermittent self-catheterisation (CISC) to empty their bladder. We aimed to determine the benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of recurrent UTIs in adult users of CISC. Methods: In this randomised, open-label, superiority trial, we enrolled participants from 51 UK National Health Service organisations. These participants were community-dwelling (as opposed to hospital inpatient) users of CISC with recurrent UTIs. We randomly allocated participants (1:1) to receive either antibiotic prophylaxis once daily (prophylaxis group) or no prophylaxis (control group) for 12 months by use of an internet-based system with permuted blocks of variable length. Trial and laboratory staff who assessed outcomes were masked to allocation but participants were aware of their treatment group. The primary outcome was the incidence of symptomatic, ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A validated measure of adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis in children with sickle cell disease. AU - Duncan, Natalie A.. AU - Kronenberger, William. AU - Hampton, Kisha C.. AU - Bloom, Ellen M.. AU - Rampersad, Angeli G.. AU - Roberson, Christopher P.. AU - Shapiro, Amy D.. PY - 2016/6/8. Y1 - 2016/6/8. N2 - Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis is a mainstay in sickle cell disease management. However, adherence is estimated at only 66%. This study aimed to develop and validate a Sickle Cell Antibiotic Adherence Level Evaluation (SCAALE) to promote systematic and detailed adherence evaluation. Methods: A 28-item questionnaire was created, covering seven adherence areas. General Adherence Ratings from the parent and one health care provider and medication possession ratios were obtained as validation measures. Results: Internal consistency was very good to excellent for the total SCAALE (α=0.89) and four of the seven subscales. Correlations between SCAALE scores and validation ...
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate need for antibiotic prophylaxis for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of liver tumors in patients with no significant co-existing risk factors for infection.Materials and MethodsFrom January 2004 to September 2013, 83 patients underwent 123 percutaneous RFA procedures for total of 152 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions. None of the patients had pre-existing biliary enteric anastomosis (BEA) or any biliary tract abnormality predisposing to ascending biliary infection or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. No pre- or post-procedure antibiotic prophylaxis was provided for 121 procedures. Data for potential risk factors were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed for the frequency of infectious complications, including abscess formation.ResultsOne patient (1/121 (0.8 %) RFA sessions) developed a large segment 5 liver abscess/infected biloma communicating with the gallbladder 7 weeks after the procedure, successfully treated over 10 weeks with IV and PO ...
There is no consensus on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in plastic surgery to prevent postoperative infection. This study was performed to investigate whether the use of prophylactic antibiotics has an effect on postoperative infection rate. A total of 500 patients were classified into 3 groups based on their diagnosis. Approximately half of the cases received amoxicilin/clavulanate combination the other half had no antibiotics. Wound infection was observed in the post operative period. According to our clinical findings, antibiotic prophylaxis is not necessary in plastic surgery in all patients. We did not find significant difference between the antibiotic prophylaxis and placebo group ...
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New drug regimens are needed for effective prophylaxis and treatment of drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria in northeastern Papua. Mefloquine and doxycycline, two standard prophylactic drugs, had high prophylactic efficacy in northeastern Papua but they have limited application for two vulnerable groups, young children and pregnant women. Azithromycin, an azalide antibiotic, had a prophylactic efficacy of 83% against P. falciparum in malaria immune Kenyans. If successful in non immunes, it would be a significant addition to the current prophylactic drugs. Chloroquine, the current first line drug in northeastern Papua, is associated with high rates of treatment failure for falciparum and vivax malaria. Cure rates might be improved by combining with chloroquine with doxycycline, two drugs that are inexpensive and widely available. Methods. Two clinical trials were conducted. (1). The prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against P. falciparum and P. vivax was ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Trends in neonatal prophylaxis and predictors of combination antiretroviral prophylaxis in US infants from 1990 to 2015. AU - Williams, Paige L.. AU - Huo, Yanling. AU - Rutstein, Richard. AU - Hazra, Rohan. AU - Rough, Kathryn. AU - Van Dyke, Russell B.. AU - Chadwick, Ellen G.. PY - 2018/2. Y1 - 2018/2. N2 - Postnatal antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for infants born to women with HIV is a critical component of perinatal HIV transmission prevention. However, variability in prophylaxis regimens remains and consistency with guidelines has not been evaluated in the United States. We evaluated trends over time in prophylaxis regimens among 6386 HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants using pooled data spanning two decades from three US-based cohorts: the Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS, 1990-2007), Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 219C (1993-2007), and the PHACS Surveillance Monitoring of ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study (2007-2015). We also identified maternal and ...
To assess the effects of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing surgical site infections in people undergoing open reduction with or without internal fixation of trauma-induced maxillofacial fractures, and if possible to determine the most effective antibiotic type, dosage and duration.. ...
Compared with systemic antibiotic therapy, the topical or local delivery of an antibiotic has many potential advantages. However, local antibiotics at the surgical site have received very limited approval in any of the surgical prophylaxis consensus guidelines that we are aware of. A review of the literature was carried out through searches of peer-reviewed publications in PubMed in the English language over a 30 year period between January 1980 and May 2010. Both retrospective and prospective studies were included, as well as meta-analyses. With regard to defining topical or local antibiotic application, the application of an antibiotic solution to the surgical site intraoperatively or immediately post-operatively was included. A number of surgical procedures have been shown to significantly benefit from perioperative topical prophylaxis, e.g. joint arthroplasty, cataract surgery and, possibly, breast augmentation. In obese patients undergoing abdominal surgery, topical surgical prophylaxis ...
Introduction. In 1997 it was published a paper concerning the use of intravenously (IV) cefuroxime prophylaxis against nosocomial pneumonia in intubated patients with structural coma.1 This randomized clinical trial (RCT) studied two groups of patients: one of them were administered two doses of IV cefuroxime upon intubation, and the other were administered no antibiotic prophylaxis. A 52% reduction was observed in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and 56% if early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (EO-VAP) is considered in the IV cefuroxime prophylaxis group. Since then, several research groups worldwide have followed this clinical practice on intubated patients with structural coma upon intubation. Now, literature is reviewed to check whether this measure is still appropriate twenty years later, and some criticism is also made regarding the inclusion of this preventive measure into international recommendations and guidelines for infection control of intubated patients in intensive ...
It is generally well established that dental cares cause bacteremia, and that most are due to streptococcal strains [1,2]. It is, consequently, reasonable to think that prescribing antibiotics before dental cares decreases the incidence of such bacteremia. Globally, the discordant results between the different kinds of studies analyzed in the paper by Cahill et al. [1] are clearly insufficient to conclude that antibiotic prophylaxis prevents bacteremia due to streptococci. In our view, this observation can be explained by the fact that dental care is not the only cause of streptococcal bacteremia. Indeed, such bacteremia are extremely common, and it has been demonstrated that they can occur after chewing and after brushing in patients with periodontitis (cumulatively in 25% and 20% of cases, respectively) [2]. It is, therefore, fairly unlikely that bacteremias due to dental cares are more responsible for endocarditis than other kinds of bacteremias. In practice, this implies that the only ...
Raluca-Cristina Mocanu, Cristian Martu, Irina-Georgeta Sufaru, Maria-Alexandra Martu, George-Alexandru Maftei, Diana Anton, Liliana Pasarin, Ioana Martu. Abstract. Antibiotics represent an important adjunctive method in the complex and effective periodontal therapy. Moreover, beside the curative effects of antibiotics, antibiotic prophylaxis needs to be taken into account when particular cases of infectious risk patients need to be correctly approached. An important criterion in the antibiotic prohylaxis selection includes the physiopathological state of the patient: his general state of health, his immune status, his medical-surgical history, his comorbidities and his current medications. All this in order not to carry out contraindicated associations and to avoid the potentiation of undesirable effects. Compliance with these selection criteria maximizes therapeutic efficacy while limiting individual risks (hypersensitivity, adverse effects) but also collective risks with respect to the ...
10 RCTs were included in this review of the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental implant placement for prevention of post-operative infection.
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a common cause of healthcare-associated infection. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed criteria that define surgical site infection as infection related to an operative
Azithromycin prevents malaria in animal models and early clinical trials. We determined the prophylactic efficacy of three antibiotic regimens given for 10 weeks (azithromycin, 250 mg daily; azithromycin, 1,000 mg weekly; and doxycycline, 100 mg daily) relative to that of placebo for 232 adult volunteers residing in an area of intense malaria transmission. Any confirmed parasitemia during the study was considered a prophylactic failure. Two hundred thirteen volunteers (92%) completed the study. The prophylactic efficacies were as follows: daily azithromycin, 82.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.5%-91.1%); weekly azithromycin, 64.2% (95% CI, 47.1%-77.1%); and daily doxycycline, 92.6% (95% CI, 79.9%-97.5%). All regimens were well tolerated. We concluded that both 100 mg of doxycycline and 250 mg of azithromycin, given daily, were effective as prophylaxis for malaria in this setting. If studies with nonimmune volunteers confirm these results for semi-immune volunteers, a daily azithromycin ...
As a dental practice, we meet patients every day who are not familiar with the regulations of antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients do not know if premedication with antibiotics is necessary for them due to a medical condition or procedure they had done. We hope to shed some light on the most up-to-date indications for antibiotic prophylaxis as they have changed considerably by the American Dental Association, American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons and American Heart Association (or by the corresponding national associations).. Antibiotic prophylaxis (or premedication) is the act of taking antibiotics one-hour before certain dental procedures like cleanings, extractions, and root canals. The bacteria we naturally have occurring in our mouths can enter our bloodstream due to everyday things we do like eating, brushing, flossing along with dental treatments mentioned earlier. For the healthy immune system, this bacteria will not cause harm; however, it can pose a risk to those immune-compromised ...
Ethicon has joined leading wound closure specialists to discuss recommendations to ease the burden of surgical site infections (SSIs) on patients and costs to healthcare systems across Europe, Middle East and Africa.. SSIs can be a serious complication of surgery, and are becoming the most common healthcare-associated infections, increasing morbidity and mortality rates among affected patients.1,2 The meeting was held at the fourth International Consortium for Prevention & Infection Control (ICPIC) conference in Geneva, Switzerland.. Speaking at the event, Professor Leaper, Professor of Clinical Sciences at the University of Huddersfield commented: There are many reasons why we must act urgently to limit the incidence of surgical site infections. Not only do they have a significant impact on patients in terms of delayed wound healing, increased need for further surgery and longer hospital stays, but prescribing antibiotics to combat surgical site infections contributes to the growing problem of ...
We find the letter of Miki et al most interesting. As they state postoperative infectious complications can be separated into surgical site infections and remote infections. A surgical site infection such as a wound infection, anastomotic leak or intra-abdominal collection is an infection that occurs after surgery and is associated specifically with the surgical procedure. Surgical site infections can be further classified into incisional and organ/space infections. A remote infection such as pneumonia is often exogenous and occurs at sites not directly associated with the surgical procedure. In our paper, we have shown that the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) can predict postoperative infectious complications. Miki et al pose the question can the mGPS predict site-specific patterns in infectious complications? In particular, is an elevated mGPS associated with a greater proportion of patients with a remote infection? ...
© 2015 The Cochrane Collaboration. Background: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children account for 1.4 million deaths annually worldwide. Antibiotics could be beneficial in preventing LRTIs in high-risk children, and may also help prevent school absenteeism and work days missed by children and/or carers. While it is well documented that the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for RTIs decreases over time, there are no reviews that describe the use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent LRTIs in high-risk children aged 12 years and under. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of bacterial LRTIs in high-risk children aged 12 years and under. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2015, Issue 1) and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), MEDLINE and MEDLINE In-Process (OvidSP) (1946 to 13 February 2015), EMBASE (OvidSP) (1974 to 12 February 2015), Science Citation
The management and treatment of VUR depends upon many factors and an in depth discussion of VUR and your child should be individualized with your health care provider. Vesicoureteral reflux is frequently initially managed by a primary care provider for lower grades of VUR (1-3) . Higher grades of VUR or complex and complicated cases of VUR are usually jointly managed with a surgical specialist called a Pediatric Urologist. VUR has a spontaneous resolution rate and is usually managed with prophylactic antibiotics (preventative antibiotic) in hope that with growth of the child there will be concomitant growth of the ureteral tunnel. Should the tunnel grow enough then the VUR may resolve without the need for a surgical procedure. Prophylactic antibiotics are given at very low doses daily to reduce possible side effects. Newborns are usually given Amoxicillin or Keflex (Cephalexin). Children older than 2 months can be given Trimethoprim (Primsol) or Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole). Waiting ...
References 1. Gibbs KS, Dinsmoor MJ, et al. A randomized trial of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis vs. immediate postpartum treatment of women with intra-amniotic infection. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72:823-828. 2. Sperling KS, Ramamurthy KS, Gibbs KS. A comparison of intrapartum vs. immediate postpartum treatment of intra-amniotic infection. Obstet Gynecol 1987;70:861-865. 3. Mecredy RL, Wiswell TF, Hume KF. Outcome of term gestation neonates whose mothers received intrapartum antibiotics for suspected chorioamnionitis. Am J Perinatol 1993; 10:365-8. 4. Escobar GJ, Li DK, et al. Neonatal sepsis workups in infants >/=2000 grams at birth: A population based study. Pediatrics 2000;106(2 Pt 1):256-263. 5. Singhal KK, La Gamma EF. Management of 168 neonates weighing more than 2000 g receiving intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for chorioamnionitis. Evaluation of an early discharge strategy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:158-163. 6. Cararach V, Botet F, et al. Administration of antibiotics to patients with ...
trimethoprim, kidney/ pathology, drug resistance, microbial, vesico-ureteral reflux: etiology, antibiotic prophylaxis, urinary tract infection, clinical trial
Endometrial biopsy is an office procedure that serves as a helpful tool in diagnosing various uterine abnormalities. The technique is fairly easy to learn and may be performed without assistance. The biopsy is obtained through the use of an endometrial suction catheter that is inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity. Twirling the catheter while moving it in and out of the uterine cavity enhances uptake of uterine tissue, which is aspirated into the catheter and removed. Endometrial biopsy is useful in the work-up of abnormal uterine bleeding, cancer screening, endometrial dating and infertility evaluation. Contraindications to the procedure include pregnancy, acute pelvic inflammatory disease, and acute cervical or vaginal infections. Postoperative infection is rare but may be further prevented through the use of prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Intraoperative and postoperative cramping are frequent side effects.
Because evidence was unavailable from trials limited to outpatients, the ASCO Panel considered evidence from studies on inpatients or mixed populations, and the recommendatons are based on the summarized evidence and Panel members expert opinion.. Antibacterial Prophylaxis. Majority of randomly assigned patients in studies were hospitalized and treated for hematolgic malignancies. Taken together, evidence shows that systemically absorbed fluoroquinolones are more tolerable than other antibacterials investigated for prophylaxis in neutropenic oncology patients and are as efficisous yet more tolerable when used alone as when combined with other antibacterials active against Gram-positive organisms. Of note, use of a nonabsorbable antibacterial also significantly increased the number of microbiologically documented infections, Gram-negative infections, Gram-positive infections, bactermia, and overall adverse effects.. The Panel recommends use of an orally administered, systemically absorbed ...
The management and treatment of VUR depends upon many factors and an in depth discussion of VUR and your child should be individualized with your health care provider. Vesicoureteral reflux is frequently initially managed by a primary care provider for lower grades of VUR (1-3) . Higher grades of VUR or complex and complicated cases of VUR are usually jointly managed with a surgical specialist called a Pediatric Urologist. VUR has a spontaneous resolution rate and is usually managed with prophylactic antibiotics (preventative antibiotic) in hope that with growth of the child there will be concomitant growth of the ureteral tunnel. Should the tunnel grow enough then the VUR may resolve without the need for a surgical procedure. Prophylactic antibiotics are given at very low doses daily to reduce possible side effects. Newborns are usually given Amoxicillin or Keflex (Cephalexin). Children older than 2 months can be given Trimethoprim (Primsol) or Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole). Waiting ...
This is a Case Study of a 13 y/o boy who was raised on a wheat free diet (WFD) since age 4. As an infant, he experienced monthly ear infections and was placed on prophylactic antibiotic therapy. His pre-school years were mired with monthly strep throat infections. Occasionally, he had concurrent small red blotches, indicative…
Prophylaxis is the term give to actions or treatments given to prevent disease. Pre-emptive medical care if you like.. New guidelines issued in 2012 by the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons started that antibiotic prophylaxis is not now recommended for everyone with artificial joints or for those who already have orthopedic implants and who are about to undergo dental procedures. This has been endorsed by the ADA.. Your dentist will therefore take each patients requirements on a case by case basis. There are still valid grounds for prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis where patients have orthopedic implants. This is to prevent orthopedic implant infection. Example of appropriate scenarios include patients who have rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, long term steroid users, cancer sufferers or those undergoing chemotherapy. All these reduce the effectiveness of the bodys immune system, which could lead to an increased risk of orthopedic implant infection.. Do, make your dentist aware if ...
Objective: Review and Grading of Suggestions Evaluation Systematically, Advancement, and Evaluation (Quality) studies in prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy (pNPWT) to avoid surgical site infections (SSIs). of SSI. Meta-analyses had been performed using a arbitrary effect model. Quality Pro software program was utilized to qualify the data. Outcomes: Nineteen content describing 21 research (6 randomized …Read More. ...
[Prophylactic antibiotics in neurosurgery].: Because of a low risk of infection (around 2-3%), prophylactic use of antibiotics in neurosurgery is a controversia
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in long-term care patients. With the goal of preventing future UTIs, older adults may be prescribed prolonged antibiotic regimens as one of several strategies to prevent UTIs. Uncertainties remain including the optimal prophylaxis duration, long-term...
Background Surgical site infections (SSI) are an important cause of peri-surgical morbidity with risks that vary extensively between patients and surgeries. Quantifying SSI risk would help identify candidates most likely to benefit from interventions to decrease the risk of SSI. Methods We randomly divided all surgeries recorded in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from 2010 into a derivation and validation population. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the independent association of patient and surgical covariates with the risk of any SSI (including superficial, deep, and organ space SSI) within 30 days of surgery. To capture factors particular to specific surgeries, we developed a surgical risk score specific to all surgeries having a common first 3 numbers of their CPT code. Results Derivation (n = 181 894) and validation (n = 181 146) patients were similar for all demographics, past medical history, and surgical factors. Overall SSI risk was 3.9%. The SSI Risk
Controlled transscleral drug delivery formulations to the eye: establishing new concepts and paradigms in ocular anti-inflammatory therapeutics and antibacterial prophylaxis. Paganelli F, Cardillo JA, Dare AR, Melo LA Jr, Lucena DR, Silva AA Jr, Oliveira AG, Pizzolitto AC, Lavinsky D, Skaf M, Souza-Filho AA, Höfling-Lima AL, Nguyen QD, Kuppermann BD, Herrero-Vanrell R, Belfort R Jr; Brazilian Ocular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group.. ...
Although there are no randomised controlled trials that directly answer the question, one retrospective clinical trial (Prasad et al) found trauma (mostly ear piercing and haematoma) to be the cause of perichondritis in 46% of cases (61 patients over a 5-year period). Nineteen of these patients were managed conservatively with antibiotics without any residual scarring. In this series and another of 114 patients (Davidi et al) the commonest organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. So, although no studies discuss the use of prophylactic antibiotics in these patients, if an antibiotic were to be used then it would be reasonable to use one with good cover for Psuedomonas ...
The efficacy of a single dose of cefotiam as prophylaxis for postoperative infection was analyzed in a prospective randomized study of 840 patients undergoing either carniotomy (group I, n= 711) or...
A surgical site infection, while uncommon, can develop after surgery. Find symptoms, treatment, and prevention of surgical site infections for your child here.
Wang, Y.; Zijp, T.R.; Bahar, M.Akbar.; Kocks, J.W.H.; Wilffert, B.; Hak, E., 2018: Effects of prophylactic antibiotics on patients with stable COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Future Research With Neratinib. A comprehensive clinical development program of neratinib is currently ongoing (Table 3). In a recently reported phase III trial (ExteNET), treatment with neratinib demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in invasive disease-free survival compared with placebo in patients with early-stage HER2- positive breast cancer who had previously received adjuvant trastuzumab. However, because no antidiarrheal prophylaxis was given in ExteNET, the rate of grade 3 (or higher) diarrhea was high (40%).12 To better understand the ability of high-dose loperamide prophylaxis to reduce neratinib-related diarrhea, a phase II study (PUMA-NER 6201) has been initiated to formally investigate the effectiveness of this loperamide prophylaxis regimen. Similar to ExteNET, the study is enrolling women with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer following trastuzumab-based adjuvant therapy. All patients are receiving neratinib 240 mg/day plus intensive loperamide prophylaxis ...
"Antibiotic Prophylaxis". www.ada.org. Retrieved 2022-02-11. "Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Types, Uses, and Administration". ... Antibiotic prophylaxis in domestic animal feed mixes has been employed in America since at least 1970. Antibiotic prophylaxis ... "Antibiotic Prophylaxis Guideline Awareness and Antibiotic Prophylaxis Use Among New York State Dermatologic Surgeons". ... Parenteral systemic antibiotics seem to be more appropriate than oral or topical antibiotics because the chosen antibiotics ...
... is the administration of antibiotics to a dental patient for prevention of harmful consequences ... Increasing concerns regarding rise in antibiotic resistance have also pushed for change in advice on antibiotic prophylaxis, ... has now opposed the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry. Unsatisfactory evidence to conclude whether antibiotic ... Lockhart PB, Loven B, Brennan MT, Fox PC (April 2007). "The evidence base for the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in dental ...
Dental antibiotic prophylaxis • Dental anesthesia • Dental arches • Dental assistant • Dental avulsion • Dental auxiliary • ...
Allen, George (2007). "Cell saver blood transfusions; colorectal surgery antibiotic prophylaxis; preoperative clinics; ...
A Cochrane Review sought to evaluate the effects of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for endophthalmitis following cataract ... Christy NE, Sommer A (1979). "Antibiotic prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis". Annals of Ophthalmology. 11 (8): 1261- ... Also, the review showed moderate evidence that antibiotic eye drops (levofloxacin or chloramphenicol) with antibiotic ... Even though antibiotics can have negative impacts on the retina in high concentrations, the facts that visual acuity worsens in ...
Medeiros, Iara Marques; Saconato, Humberto (2001). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites". Cochrane Database of ... Antibiotics to prevent infection are recommended for dog and cat bites of the hand, and human bites if they are more than ... Evidence for antibiotics to prevent infection in bites in other areas is not clear. The first choice is amoxicillin with ... The advent of antibiotics improved the outcome of bite wound infections. Animal bites where skin has been penetrated, most ...
Pallasch, Thomas J. (October 2003). "Antibiotic prophylaxis: problems in paradise". Dental Clinics of North America. 47 (4): ... When antibiotics began to appear, interest in colostrum waned, but, now that antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens have ... Before the development of antibiotics, colostrum was the main source of immunoglobulins used to fight bacteria. In fact, when ... be used to reduce the duration and severity of infections so it can be a useful tool to include in the reduction of antibiotic ...
Indefinite daily topical antibiotic prophylaxis. Lifelong topical steroids. Close follow-up with an ophthalmologist to monitor ...
Liabsuetrakul, T; Choobun, T; Peeyananjarassri, K; Islam, QM (26 March 2020). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for operative vaginal ... The change in trend of maternal mortality can be attributed with the widespread use of antibiotics along with the progression ... Outcomes for mothers in childbirth were especially poor before antibiotics were discovered in the 1930s, because of high rates ... Ohlsson A, Shah VS (June 2014). "Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal Group B streptococcal colonization". The Cochrane ...
Zani EL, Clark OA, Rodrigues Netto N (May 2011). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal prostate biopsy". The Cochrane ... Antibiotics should be used to prevent complications such as fever, urinary tract infections, and sepsis even if the most ... Yaghi MD, Kehinde EO (2015). "Oral antibiotics in trans-rectal prostate biopsy and its efficacy to reduce infectious ...
Gomelsky, A.; Dmochowski, RR (2003). "Antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic prosthetic surgery". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 9 ... antibiotic irrigation and antibiotic-coated implants. The "No-Touch" technique is unique in that it aims at preventing ... Paired with the antibiotic-coated implant, the "No Touch" technique decreases infection to a rate of 0.46%, opposing the ... Carson, CC (2004). "Efficacy of antibiotic impregnation of inflatable penile prostheses in decreasing infection in original ...
Antibiotic concentration in tissue fluid during the vulnerable period as rational basis for prophylaxis of post-operative ... 1995: Dynamic Antibiotic Switching Therapy (DAST), a new form of antibiotic treatment: changing the antibiotic regimen every 24 ... Prophylaxis of postoperative infections. Infection, 19;S337-343, 1991. Condon RE, Wittmann DH: The Use of Antibiotics in ... Wittmann, DH, Schein, M: Let us shorten antibiotic prophylaxis and therapy in surgery. American Journal of Surgery. 172(6A):26S ...
Smaill, Fiona M; Grivell, Rosalie M (28 October 2014). "Antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis for preventing infection ... Antibiotic prophylaxis is used before an incision. The uterus is incised, and this incision is extended with blunt pressure ... and routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infections was found by a meta-analysis to substantially reduce the ... Taking antibiotics before skin incision rather than after cord clamping reduces the risk for the mother, without increasing ...
Wolf, Joshua (2015). "Antibiotic resistance threatens the efficacy of prophylaxis". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 15 (12): ... Articles to be expanded from August 2019, Polymyxin antibiotics, Polypeptide antibiotics). ... "Potential of old-generation antibiotics to address current need for new antibiotics". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 6 (5): 593- ... Polymyxins are antibiotics. Polymyxins B and E (also known as colistin) are used in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial ...
Marschall J, Carpenter CR, Fowler S, Trautner BW (June 2013). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections after ... Beerepoot M, Geerlings S (April 2016). "Non-Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections". Pathogens (Review). 5 (2): 36 ... Antibiotic sensitivity can also be tested with these cultures, making them useful in the selection of antibiotic treatment. ... a short course of antibiotics may be taken as soon as symptoms begin or long-term antibiotics may be used as a preventive ...
Barajas-Nava LA, López-Alcalde J, Roqué i Figuls M, Solà I, Bonfill Cosp X (June 2013). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing ... While topical antibiotics are often recommended, there is little evidence to support their use. Silver sulfadiazine (a type of ... Intravenous antibiotics are recommended before surgery for those with extensive burns (>60% TBSA). As of 2008[update], ... Avni T, Levcovich A, Ad-El DD, Leibovici L, Paul M (February 2010). "Prophylactic antibiotics for burns patients: systematic ...
Antibiotic therapy to prevent streptococcal infection (prophylaxis). Steroids to suppress inflammation. Provide high calories ...
Antibiotic prophylaxis are provided to the patient. Pre-surgical biliary stenting (a tube used to keep the biliary duct open) ...
Woods, R. K.; Dellinger, E. P. (June 1998). "Current guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical wounds". American Family ... a single preoperative intravenous injection of antibiotics is recommended. The rate of complications is about 12% for minor ... Guidelines suggest that routine prophylactic antibiotics are not required. However, the potential cost of a postoperative ... "A Systematic Review of Perioperative Versus Prophylactic Antibiotics for Cochlear Implantation". The Annals of Otology, ...
"Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... Use of prophylactic antibiotics is controversial; however, a dose may be given prior to surgery to prevent infection in certain ... It consists of treatment with intravenous antibiotics and fluids. ERCP, short for endoscopic retrograde ...
"Antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... is an antibiotic that belongs to the class of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. It is used to treat urinary tract infections, ... 1998). "Norfloxacin primary prophylaxis of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites: a double-blind randomized ... Norfloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It functions ...
Chavez-Tapia NC, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Tellez-Avila FI, Soares-Weiser K, Uribe M (September 2010). "Antibiotic prophylaxis ... Antibiotic treatment may need to be continued for at least 3 months. The grading or severity of hepatic encephalopathy is ... Antibiotics are prescribed for infections, and various medications can help with itching. Laxatives, such as lactulose, ... These include several drugs such as anti-depressants, certain antibiotics, and NSAIDs (like ibuprofen). These agents are ...
Ethically, there is still a need to discuss with patients, the benefits and disadvantages of antibiotic prophylaxis before they ... Many antibiotics are metabolized in the liver. In patients with liver failure, the use of such antibiotics should be restricted ... Historically, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent post-operative infections, resulting from bacteraemia, and infective ... This is due to the ever-increasing antibiotic resistance and there is no or very little evidence to show whether antibiotic ...
Verschuur HP, de Wever WW, van Benthem PP (2004). "Antibiotic prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated ear surgery". The ... If antibiotics are used, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic like amoxicillin is generally recommended, as broad-spectrum antibiotics ... In AOM, antibiotics may speed recovery but may result in side effects. Antibiotics are often recommended in those with severe ... Topical antibiotics are of uncertain benefit as of 2020. Some evidence suggests that topical antibiotics may be useful either ...
... antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of surgical site infections when the antibiotics are given during surgery and continued ... "Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing infectious complications in orthognathic surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... Doctors will prescribe pain medication and prophylactic antibiotics to the patient. There is often a large amount of swelling ... and the consumption of antibiotics. Cleaning of the mouth should always be done regardless of surgery to ensure healthy, strong ...
Actually, the main treatment is antibiotic and antifungal prophylaxis. Allogenic bone marrow transplantation is possible and ...
Brand, M; Bizos, D; O'Farrell P, Jr (6 October 2010). "Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective endoscopic ... Antibiotics are continued for 7-10 days. Drugs that increase the blood pressure (vasopressors) may also be required to counter ... Initial treatment is with intravenous fluids and antibiotics, but there is often an underlying problem (such as gallstones or ... Empirical treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics is usually necessary until it is known for certain which pathogen is ...
Sutkin G, Krohn MA, Heine RP, Sweet RL (2005). "Antibiotic prophylaxis and non-group B streptococcal neonatal sepsis". ... In 2008, after widespread use of antenatal screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, the Centers for Disease Control ... Where insufficient intravenous antibiotics are given before delivery, the baby may be given antibiotics immediately after birth ... Antibiotic susceptibility testing of GBS isolates is crucial for appropriate antibiotic selection for IAP in penicillin- ...
"Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing elective endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography". The Cochrane Database ... Using antibiotics before the procedure shows some benefits to prevent cholangitis and septicaemia. In rare cases, ERCP can ... "Prophylaxis of post-ERCP pancreatitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline - Updated June 2014". ...
Suspension of anticoagulants (blood thinners) Antibiotic prophylaxis may be instituted. Before the procedure is started, vital ... But should an infection occur, it will be treated with antibiotics. Bleeding is the most common complication of this procedure ...
Piperacillin/tazobactam might be the preferred antibiotic for the treatment of cancer patients with fever and neutropenia, ... "Antimicrobial prophylaxis and outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society ... Paul M, Yahav D, Fraser A, Leibovici L (February 2006). "Empirical antibiotic monotherapy for febrile neutropenia: systematic ... Generally, patients with febrile neutropenia are treated with empirical antibiotics until the neutrophil count has recovered ( ...
Thus, prophylaxis with a 1% silver nitrate solution is no longer in common use. In most countries, neomycin and chloramphenicol ... Antibiotic ointment is typically applied to the newborn's eyes within 1 hour of birth as prevention for gonococcal ophthalmia. ... Other bacterial ophthalmia neonatorum should be treated by broad-spectrum antibiotics drops and ointment for 2 weeks. Neonatal ... This may be erythromycin, tetracycline, or rarely silver nitrate or Argyrol (mild silver protein). Prophylaxis needs antenatal ...
Some low quality evidence suggests that antibiotic prophylaxis may prevent PPCS. PPCS occurs about 1% of cases following ... A Meta-Analysis on the Antibiotic Prophylaxis". Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland). 38 (1): 15-22. doi:10.1159/000502055. ... Treatment of PPCS consists of intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and avoiding any oral intake of food, water, etc. until symptoms ...
Yablochnik's postgraduate study in the laboratory of mycology and antibiotics at VIEV led to her work on mycoses (diseases of ... 268593 for "Method of Specific Prophylaxis of Cattle Trichophytosis", 1970. Sarkisov, S. V. Petrovitch, L. I. Nikiforov, L. M. ... Priority date: May 29, 1972 Patent CA-984749-A: Method for producing preparation for prophylaxis of trichophytosis in cattle. ... 268593 for "Method of Specific Prophylaxis of Cattle Trichophytosis" 1970". USSR Patents. Nikiforov, L. I.; Petrovich, S. V.; ...
... and antibiotics (which destroy microorganisms within the body). The term "antibiotic" originally described only those ... while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is known as antimicrobial prophylaxis.[citation needed] The main ... The antibiotic era began with the therapeutic application of sulfonamide drugs in 1936, followed by a "golden" period of ... For example, antibiotics are used against bacteria, and antifungals are used against fungi. They can also be classified ...
Coalition troops trained with protective gear and stockpiled the antibiotic ciprofloxacin for use as post-exposure prophylaxis ...
... and giving the patient broad-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis. Surgery can be conducted via a laparotomy, though research from ... Post-surgical treatment includes continuation of antibiotics and, in some postmenopausal people, vaginal estrogen to speed ...
Many antibiotics such as penicillin and vancomycin inhibit the enzymes that produce and then cross-link the strands of this ... An important step forward in the treatment and prophylaxis of human cytomegalovirus infections". Antiviral Research. 161: 116- ... Selective toxicity is also produced in antibiotics by exploiting differences in the structure of the ribosomes in bacteria, or ... Mobley H (13 March 2006). "How do antibiotics kill bacterial cells but not human cells?". Scientific American. 294 (6): 98. ...
Problems with antibiotic treatment is emerging resistance to tetracyclines, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol. Biofilms that are ... A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials investigating antimicrobial prophylaxis or metaphylaxis ... Typically there are three approaches to dealing with Histophilus somni in a herd of cattle; mass antibiotic treatment, H. somni ... Genomic studies related to this bacteria have enabled scientist to pin point antibiotic resistance genes. Histophilus somni is ...
In the case of infection, these people are contacted to receive prophylaxis which is when a person is treated with antibiotics ... Most of the time it is treated with antibiotics, but many strains have become resistant to the antibiotics used to treat these ... Even with antibiotic treatment, people die in about 10-15% of cases. About 11-19% of survivors will have long-term disabilities ... Even with antibiotic treatments, 3-6% of all children with Hib meningitis die from the disease. Pneumococcal disease is caused ...
Common prophylaxis treatments include the following: Treatment depends on the type of opportunistic infection, but usually ... Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z (January-February 2019). "Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ... involves different antibiotics.[citation needed] Opportunistic infections caused by feline leukemia virus and feline ... for organ transplant recipients Advanced HIV infection Chemotherapy for cancer Genetic predisposition Skin damage Antibiotic ...
... prophylaxis). Antibiotics are an important tool to treat animal as well as human disease, safeguard animal health and welfare, ... Increased antibiotic use is a matter of concern as antibiotic resistance is considered to be a serious threat to human and ... Antibiotic use in livestock is the use of antibiotics for any purpose in the husbandry of livestock, which includes treatment ... Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in Food Producing Animals in China". Retrieved 22 March 2020. US Food & Drug ...
Where the Allies had bases, they could remove and cut back vegetation, or use DDT as a prophylaxis area barrier treatment, so ... Kim DM, Byun JN (2008). "Effects of Antibiotic Treatment on the Results of Nested PCRs for Scrub Typhus". J Clin Microbiol. 46 ... Since the use of antibiotics, case fatalities have decreased from 4-40% to less than 2%.[citation needed] The drug most ... El Sayed, Iman; Liu, Qin; Wee, Ian; Hine, Paul (24 September 2018). "Antibiotics for treating scrub typhus". The Cochrane ...
Antibiotic prophylaxis is also commonly used to prevent respiratory tract infections in these patients. In cases of autoimmune ... "Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of respiratory tract infections in antibody deficient patients: A retrospective ... Reduction of exposure to pathogens may be recommended, and in many situations prophylactic antibiotics or antivirals may be ...
Emerging and improved pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatments that aim to reduce the ... There were no antibiotics, so the surgeons prescribed coffee, whiskey, and quinine. Harsh weather, bad water, inadequate ... This was followed in the inter-war period by the development of the first anti-bacterial agents such as the sulpha antibiotics ... The ancient Mesopotamians also practiced prophylaxis and took measures to prevent the spread of disease. Mental illnesses were ...
... transurethral resection is recommended together with long-term antibiotic prophylaxis for at least one year after resection. ... Prolonged antibiotic therapy is suggested due to the frequent finding of UTI as an associated or causative factor. Metanephric ...
Oseltamivir and zanamivir are effective for prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis, and research overall indicates that NA ... If a secondary bacterial infection occurs, then treatment with antibiotics may be necessary. Antiviral drugs are primarily used ... Influenza can be prevented or reduced in severity by post-exposure prophylaxis with the antiviral drugs oseltamivir, which can ...
Valproic acid has also been used for migraine prophylaxis and bipolar disorder. Valproate is available as a generic medication ... Carbapenem antibiotics: reduce valproate levels, potentially leading to seizures. Cimetidine: inhibits valproate's metabolism ...
... species are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. They are isolated with high frequency from all specimen ... proper antimicrobial prophylaxis may reduce the risk 90% of the time, other organisms were mixed in with the anaerobic gram- ... proper antimicrobial prophylaxis may reduce the risk. Therapy with antimicrobials (e.g., aminoglycosides, trimethoprim- ...
... which would otherwise be resistant to β-lactam antibiotics), as outlined below. Cefotaxime, like other β-lactam antibiotics, ... as well as prophylaxis for abdominal surgery. The majority of these infections are caused by organisms traditionally sensitive ... Cefotaxime is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections in human, other animals and plant tissue culture. ... It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against numerous gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Given its broad ...
... migraine prophylaxis, antivirals, or antibiotics. Antipsychotics are rarely used in treating Alice in Wonderland Syndrome ... Treatment methods revolving around migraine prophylaxis include medications and following a low-tyramine diet. Drugs that may ...
... and antibiotic prophylaxis". Pediatrics. 106 (2 Pt 1): 362-366. August 2000. doi:10.1542/peds.106.2.362. PMID 10920169. " ... intended for prophylaxis against pneumococcal pneumonia and associated invasive disease. The applicant for this medicinal ... intended for prophylaxis against pneumococcal pneumonia and associated invasive disease. The applicant for this medicinal ...
An updated 2013 Cochrane review investigated the effectiveness of different antibiotics for prophylaxis against meningococcal ... Both antibiotics were considered equally effective. Antibiotic choice should be based on local antibiotic resistance ... Patients with meningococcal disease are treated with a large dose of antibiotic. The systemic antibiotic flowing through the ... It takes up to several days for the toxin to be neutralized from the body by using continuous liquid treatment and antibiotic ...
... of pregnant women for the detection of vaginal and rectal colonization with GBS to use intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to ... The selective supplement contains the antibiotics, colistin (inhibitory for gram-negative bacteria) and metronidazole ( ... and phosphate and supplemented with methotrexate and antibiotics. Proteose peptone, horse serum, glucose and sodium pyruvate ...
Vézina C, Kudelski A, Sehgal SN (October 1975). "Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Taxonomy of the ... Due to its immunosuppressant activity, Rapamycin has been assessed as prophylaxis or treatment agent of Graft-versus-host ... The following adverse effects occurred in 3-20% of individuals taking sirolimus for organ rejection prophylaxis following a ... 28 (10): 721-6. doi:10.7164/antibiotics.28.721. PMID 1102508. "Cypher Sirolimus-eluting Coronary Stent". Cypher Stent. Archived ...
The concurrent use of hydroxychloroquine and the antibiotic azithromycin appears to increase the risk for certain serious side ... Smit M, Marinosci A, Agoritsas T, Calmy A (April 2021). "Prophylaxis for COVID-19: a systematic review". Clinical Microbiology ... Steere AC, Angelis SM (October 2006). "Therapy for Lyme arthritis: strategies for the treatment of antibiotic-refractory ...
Notice to Readers: Evaluation of Postexposure Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Anthrax. In response to the recent bioterrorist ... postexposure antibiotic prophylaxis was recommended. Interviews are scheduled to begin in late January 2002 and will continue ... were recommended to take at least 60 days of postexposure anti-biotic prophylaxis. Surveillance for adverse events and ... postexposure prophylaxis campaigns and to comply with Food and Drug Administration regulations for monitoring for adverse ...
... Lancet. 2008 Apr 19;371(9621):1317-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60574-7. ...
Antibiotic use. Antibiotic prophylaxis is warranted if the wound is believed to be at higher risk for infection (eg, ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis. The literature regarding prophylaxis of human bite wounds is sparse. Only 2 randomized, controlled ... Acute human bites that do not penetrate the epidermal layer probably do not need antibiotic prophylaxis as long as they do not ... Human bites to the hand are at high risk for infection and should be given antibiotic prophylaxis ...
... View/. Open. 10_3_2004_277_ ... Ceftriaxone versus ampicillin/cloxacillin as antibiotic prophylaxis in elective caesarean section. EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean ... controlled clinical trial to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin/cloxacillin prophylaxis in decreasing ...
An Ounce of Prevention is a Ton of Work: Mass Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Anthrax, New York City, 2001 Susan Blank*†. , Linda C ... An Ounce of Prevention is a Ton of Work: Mass Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Anthrax, New York City, 2001. ... aPOD, point of distribution (for antibiotics); USPS, U. S. Postal Service. ...
... * Guideline for Antibacterial Prophylaxis Administration in Pediatric Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem ... Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: A systematic ... Conventional compared to network meta-analysis to evaluate antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with cancer and hematopoietic ...
In the UK on the other hand in 2008, the UK abolished antibiotic prophylaxis for any dental procedures and also for ... Fifteen years later in 1997 the Americans lowered the dosage even further and changed the antibiotic prophylaxis regime to 2 g ... So over the years whats happened is that there have been changes in the antibiotic prophylaxis regimes and then essentially ... Chris writes about the current recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing dental procedures in the ...
Post-op Antibiotic Prophylaxis Does Not Lower Surgical Site Infections Jason Harris ... BOSTON - A review of patients treated at a hospital in Wichita, KS showed that postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis did not ... Guidelines from IDSA/SHEA and HICPAC recommend against postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, and some studies have shown that ... Close more info about Post-op Antibiotic Prophylaxis Does Not Lower Surgical Site Infections ...
... details of antibiotic prophylaxis (antibiotic agents, administration route, dosage, time), and length of hospital stay were ... Audit of antibiotic prophylaxis and adherence of surgeons to standard guidelines in common abdominal surgical procedures ... we found poor treatment adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines.. Keywords: abdominal surgery, adherence, antibiotic ... Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed in 97.5% of procedures. Out of these, 9.5% adhered to guidelines with respect to ...
In England, antibiotic prophylaxis was offered routinely to patients at risk of infective endocarditis until March 2008, when ... though we did not detect any change in trends directly following the updated guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis, either ... new guidelines aimed at reducing unnecessary antibiotic use were issued. We investigated whether changes in infective ... where evidence for giving antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures is inconclusive. ...
Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was defined as any oral antibiotic course to be taken postoperatively based on ... Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was defined as any oral antibiotic course to be taken postoperatively based on ... Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was defined as any oral antibiotic course to be taken postoperatively based on ... Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was defined as any oral antibiotic course to be taken postoperatively based on ...
Implications for Antibiotic Prophylaxis Share Share Share ...
2021 Update: Recommendations for Antibiotic Prophylaxis Prior to Dental Procedures: American Heart Association and American ... The AHA and ADA provided updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis prior to dental procedures in May of 2021. These ...
Title : Prophylaxis and Treatment of Anthrax in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Antibiotics Personal Author(s) : Meaney- ... Prophylaxis and Treatment of Anthrax in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Antibiotics. ... Prophylaxis and Treatment of Anthrax in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Antibiotics ... To review the safety and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics recommended for anthrax post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment in ...
Do you qualify for these Antibiotic Prophylaxis studies? Were researching new and effective treatments. ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Elective TKA- Multi-center Trial open to eligible people ages 18 years and up ... The Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients Undergoing Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Multi-Center Trial is a study that ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis clinical trials at University of California Health 1 research study open to eligible people ...
Routine antibiotic prophylaxis in Foot and Ankle surgery, do we have a clear guidance? ... indications for antibiotic prophylaxis relative to surgical procedure; antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk patients; antibiotic ... antibiotic prophylaxis might be the generation of highly antibiotic resistant bacteria and thus routine antibiotic prophylaxis ... With regards to prophylaxis in high-risk patients, the panel reached consensus that antibiotic prophylaxis was appropriate in ...
New product approved to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery
Intravenous Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis. The use of intravenous intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent early- ... Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis agents and dosing should be administered according to ... GBS-colonized women should receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. No antibiotics are indicated for GBS prophylaxis if a ... GBS-colonized women should receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. No antibiotics are indicated for GBS prophylaxis if a ...
Limiting antibiotic prophylaxis to a single preoperative dose is linked to a nearly 4-fold increase in the risk for infection ... They compared outcomes in 2 groups of patients - those who received both pre- and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in 2007 ... October 5, 2010 (Toronto, Canada) - The current trend toward limiting antibiotic prophylaxis to a single preoperative dose is ... Cite this: One-Dose Antibiotic Prophylaxis Is Inadequate After Breast Reconstruction - Medscape - Oct 04, 2010. ...
... antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with an increased risk of ED visit or hospitalization for UTI, sepsis, or bacteremia. ... Antibiotic prophylaxis for UTIs in elderly patients associated with an increased risk of ED visit or hospitalization. byBrian ... In all, among older adults with a history of positive urine culture, antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with an increased ... 1. Among older adults with urinary tract infections, antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with an increased risk of ED visit ...
Antibiotic Prophylaxis Guidelines for People with Joint Replacements. ​. Antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines have also been ... Who Might Benefit from Antibiotic Prophylaxis?. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for a small number of people who have ... This is called "antibiotic prophylaxis." But why do healthcare providers suggest this extra step? We all have bacteria in our ... According to these guidelines, antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered for people with:*Artificial heart valves. ...
In India there are no guidelines issued by any professional organisations and hence the decision to use antibiotic prophylaxis ... Infective endocarditis, the conundrum of antibiotic prophylaxis. Indian Journal of Dental Research. 1995 Jul-Sep; 6(3): 83-93. ... from two large teaching hospitals and use it to decide whether antibiotic prophylaxis of patients predisposed to I.E. should be ... Thus the overall incidence since the pre-antibiotic era has remained constant. This has been the situation in spite of the ...
Antibiotic prophylaxis. Many studies in the 1970s and 1980s showed the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with ... Most experts who once supported antibiotic prophylaxis no longer recommend routine antibiotic prophylaxis for all children with ... The use of antibiotic prophylaxis for AOM has become widely questioned because of the increasing antibiotic resistance among ... Even before the drastic rise in drug-resistant bacteria, the clinical effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for AOM was ...
Anytime antibiotics and chewing on dental patient antibiotic prophylaxis form consent once again not save antibiotics? ... is dental patient antibiotic prophylaxis form consent for antibiotic prophylaxis in this consent form an antibiotic prophylaxis ... Should I take antibiotics before I see the dentist?. Prophylactic regimen for dental patient antibiotic prophylaxis form ... Permission from dental patient antibiotic prophylaxis form consent document is antibiotic regimen or by failure were collected ...
MOURA, Walter Leal de et al. Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in third molars surgery: A morphometric evaluation. Rev. cir. ... determining the need of antibiotics prophylaxis use of in these procedures. Methodology: 14 patients were selected, aged ... Objective: This study aimed to clinically evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics in retained third molar extractions, ... and higher presence of pain when it was used antibiotic. ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis; edema; trismus; molar.. · abstract in ...
... antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. 2014. Network, S.I.G., SIGN guideline 104: antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. 2014. ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis. College of Podiatry. Podiatry Now. 2016;19(2):10-13. Harmer J. Antibiotic Prophylaxis. College of ... Narrow spectrum antibiotics covering Staphylococcus aureus should be used for antibiotic prophylaxis in patients without a ... A Cochrane Review of SSI rate and antibiotic prophylaxis in bone & joint surgery, confirmed the effectiveness of prophylaxis in ...
An Ounce of Prevention is a Ton of Work: Mass Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Anthrax, New York City, 2001 Susan Blank*†. , Linda C ... An Ounce of Prevention is a Ton of Work: Mass Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Anthrax, New York City, 2001. ... aPOD, point of distribution (of antibiotics); MIS, management information systems.. bSupplies to be provided include general ... As senior staff member in the field, coordinates both the investigation (epidemiologic and environmental) and the prophylaxis ...
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery Authors. * Dmytro Dmytriiev National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, ... Antibiotic prophylaxis takes one of the first places in the perioperative period, in addition to surgical treatment and ... antibiotic prophylaxis, cephalosporins, cefoperazone, sulbactam, Laxers Abstract. Infectious complications in surgery occupy a ... High-tech perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in the context of the Fast Track surgical concept [Vysokotekhnologichnaya ...
What Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis?. Antibiotic prophylaxis (or premedication) is simply the taking of antibiotics before some ... Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Prosthetic Joints and Orthopedic Implants. Posted on April 15, 2016 in Dentist, Doctors, General, ... Who Can Antibiotic Prophylaxis Help?. Depending on your personal medical history, you may still be a candidate for ... For example, antibiotic prophylaxis might be useful for patients undergoing dental procedures who also have compromised immune ...

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