Anti mullerian hormone. Medical search

A pair of ducts near the WOLFFIAN DUCTS in a developing embryo. In the male embryo, they degenerate with the appearance of testicular ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. In the absence of anti-mullerian hormone, mullerian ducts give rise to the female reproductive tract, including the OVIDUCTS; UTERUS; CERVIX; and VAGINA.

A tumor, basically a carcinoma with a single sarcoma such as leiomyosarcoma or angiosarcoma or multiple sarcomas of uterine origin. The role of estrogen has been postulated as a possible etiological factor in this tumor. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1703)

Hormones produced in the testis.

A glycoprotein that causes regression of MULLERIAN DUCTS. It is produced by SERTOLI CELLS of the TESTES. In the absence of this hormone, the Mullerian ducts develop into structures of the female reproductive tract. In males, defects of this hormone result in persistent Mullerian duct, a form of MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM.

A malignant neoplasm arising simultaneously or consecutively in mesodermal tissue and glandular epithelium of the same part. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A pair of excretory ducts of the middle kidneys (MESONEPHROI) of an embryo, also called mesonephric ducts. In higher vertebrates, Wolffian ducts persist in the male forming VAS DEFERENS, but atrophy into vestigial structures in the female.

Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various ENDOCRINE GLANDS and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that have similar effects.

Congenital conditions in individuals with a female karyotype, in which the development of the gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical.

Natural hormones secreted by the THYROID GLAND, such as THYROXINE, and their synthetic analogs.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

Cell surface receptors that bind peptide messengers with high affinity and regulate intracellular signals which influence the behavior of cells.

A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.

Endogenous or exogenous substances which inhibit the normal growth of human and animal cells or micro-organisms, as distinguished from those affecting plant growth (= PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS).

In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

Steroid hormones produced by the GONADS. They stimulate reproductive organs, germ cell maturation, and the secondary sex characteristics in the males and the females. The major sex steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; and TESTOSTERONE.

Congenital structural abnormalities of the UROGENITAL SYSTEM in either the male or the female.

The female reproductive organs. The external organs include the VULVA; BARTHOLIN'S GLANDS; and CLITORIS. The internal organs include the VAGINA; UTERUS; OVARY; and FALLOPIAN TUBES.

The process in developing sex- or gender-specific tissue, organ, or function after SEX DETERMINATION PROCESSES have set the sex of the GONADS. Major areas of sex differentiation occur in the reproductive tract (GENITALIA) and the brain.

Specific high affinity binding proteins for THYROID HORMONES in target cells. They are usually found in the nucleus and regulate DNA transcription. These receptors are activated by hormones that leads to transcription, cell differentiation, and growth suppression. Thyroid hormone receptors are encoded by two genes (GENES, ERBA): erbA-alpha and erbA-beta for alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors, respectively.

A 191-amino acid polypeptide hormone secreted by the human adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR), also known as GH or somatotropin. Synthetic growth hormone, termed somatropin, has replaced the natural form in therapeutic usage such as treatment of dwarfism in children with growth hormone deficiency.

The genital canal in the female, extending from the UTERUS to the VULVA. (Stedman, 25th ed)

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

The male gonad containing two functional parts: the SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES for the production and transport of male germ cells (SPERMATOGENESIS) and the interstitial compartment containing LEYDIG CELLS that produce ANDROGENS.

Hormones secreted by the PITUITARY GLAND including those from the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis), the posterior lobe (neurohypophysis), and the ill-defined intermediate lobe. Structurally, they include small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins. They are under the regulation of neural signals (NEUROTRANSMITTERS) or neuroendocrine signals (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) from the hypothalamus as well as feedback from their targets such as ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ANDROGENS; ESTROGENS.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

In vivo method of screening investigative anticancer drugs and biologic response modifiers for individual cancer patients. Fresh tumor tissue is implanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompetent mice or rats; gross and histological assessments follow several days after tumor treatment in situ.

A malignant tumor composed of more than one type of neoplastic tissue. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

All the organs involved in reproduction and the formation and release of URINE. It includes the kidneys, ureters, BLADDER; URETHRA, and the organs of reproduction - ovaries, UTERUS; FALLOPIAN TUBES; VAGINA; and CLITORIS in women and the testes; SEMINAL VESICLES; PROSTATE; seminal ducts; and PENIS in men.

A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.

A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)

A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.

A malignant neoplasm that contains elements of carcinoma and sarcoma so extensively intermixed as to indicate neoplasia of epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. (Stedman, 25th ed)

An adenocarcinoma in which the tumor elements are arranged as finger-like processes or as a solid spherical nodule projecting from an epithelial surface.

Compounds, either natural or synthetic, which block development of the growing insect.

Slender-bodies diurnal insects having large, broad wings often strikingly colored and patterned.

Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency.

A developmental defect in which a TESTIS or both TESTES failed to descend from high in the ABDOMEN to the bottom of the SCROTUM. Testicular descent is essential to normal SPERMATOGENESIS which requires temperature lower than the BODY TEMPERATURE. Cryptorchidism can be subclassified by the location of the maldescended testis.

Fushi tarazu transcription factors were originally identified in DROSOPHILA. They are found throughout ARTHROPODS and play important roles in segmentation and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM development.

The external and internal organs related to reproduction.

A transcription factor and member of the nuclear receptor family NR5 that is expressed throughout the adrenal and reproductive axes during development. It plays an important role in sexual differentiation, formation of primary steroidogenic tissues, and their functions in post-natal and adult life. It regulates the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes.

A condition occurring in the female offspring of dizygotic twins (TWIN, DIZYGOTIC) in a mixed-sex pregnancy, usually in CATTLE. Freemartinism can occur in other mammals. When placental fusion between the male and the female FETUSES permits the exchange of fetal cells and fetal hormones, TESTICULAR HORMONES from the male fetus can androgenize the female fetus producing a sterile XX/XY chimeric "female"(CHIMERISM).

Blood-filled UTERUS.

A Wnt protein that is involved in regulating multiple developmental processes such as the formation of the KIDNEY; ADRENAL GLANDS; MAMMARY GLANDS; the PITUITARY GLAND; and the female reproductive system. Defects in WNT4 are a cause of ROKITANSKY KUSTER HAUSER SYNDROME.

A peptide of 44 amino acids in most species that stimulates the release and synthesis of GROWTH HORMONE. GHRF (or GRF) is synthesized by neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, GHRF stimulates GH release by the SOMATOTROPHS in the PITUITARY GLAND.

Development of male secondary SEX CHARACTERISTICS in the FEMALE. It is due to the effects of androgenic metabolites of precursors from endogenous or exogenous sources, such as ADRENAL GLANDS or therapeutic drugs.

A peptide of about 41 amino acids that stimulates the release of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. CRH is synthesized by neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, CRH stimulates the release of ACTH from the PITUITARY GLAND. CRH can also be synthesized in other tissues, such as PLACENTA; ADRENAL MEDULLA; and TESTIS.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

Radiography of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the injection of a contrast medium.

A number of syndromes with defective gonadal developments such as streak GONADS and dysgenetic testes or ovaries. The spectrum of gonadal and sexual abnormalities is reflected in their varied sex chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOMES) constitution as shown by the karyotypes of 45,X monosomy (TURNER SYNDROME); 46,XX (GONADAL DYSGENESIS, 46XX); 46,XY (GONADAL DYSGENESIS, 46,XY); and sex chromosome MOSAICISM; (GONADAL DYSGENESIS, MIXED). Their phenotypes range from female, through ambiguous, to male. This concept includes gonadal agenesis.

The gamete-producing glands, OVARY or TESTIS.

Peptide hormones produced by NEURONS of various regions in the HYPOTHALAMUS. They are released into the pituitary portal circulation to stimulate or inhibit PITUITARY GLAND functions. VASOPRESSIN and OXYTOCIN, though produced in the hypothalamus, are not included here for they are transported down the AXONS to the POSTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY before being released into the portal circulation.

Hormones synthesized from amino acids. They are distinguished from INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS in that their actions are systemic.

A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.

The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.

One of a pair of excretory organs (mesonephroi) which grows caudally to the first pair (PRONEPHROI) during development. Mesonephroi are the permanent kidneys in adult amphibians and fish. In higher vertebrates, proneprhoi and most of mesonephroi degenerate with the appearance of metanephroi. The remaining ducts become WOLFFIAN DUCTS.

Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Hormones produced by the GONADS, including both steroid and peptide hormones. The major steroid hormones include ESTRADIOL and PROGESTERONE from the OVARY, and TESTOSTERONE from the TESTIS. The major peptide hormones include ACTIVINS and INHIBINS.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

High affinity receptors for THYROID HORMONES, especially TRIIODOTHYRONINE. These receptors are usually found in the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. They are encoded by the THRB gene (also known as NR1A2, THRB1, or ERBA2 gene) as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing. Mutations in the THRB gene cause THYROID HORMONE RESISTANCE SYNDROME.

A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.

Supporting cells projecting inward from the basement membrane of SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES. They surround and nourish the developing male germ cells and secrete ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN and hormones such as ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE. The tight junctions of Sertoli cells with the SPERMATOGONIA and SPERMATOCYTES provide a BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER.

Congenital conditions in individuals with a male karyotype, in which the development of the gonadal or anatomical sex is atypical.

Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Structurally, they include polypeptide, protein, and glycoprotein molecules.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

A characteristic symptom complex.

A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

HORMONES secreted by the gastrointestinal mucosa that affect the timing or the quality of secretion of digestive enzymes, and regulate the motor activity of the digestive system organs.

The properties and relationships and biological processes that characterize the nature and function of the SKIN and its appendages.

A subtype of bone morphogenetic protein receptors with high affinity for BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS. They can interact with and undergo PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS, TYPE II. They signal primarily through RECEPTOR-REGULATED SMAD PROTEINS.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

A plant family of the order Geraniales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.

High affinity receptors for THYROID HORMONES, especially TRIIODOTHYRONINE. These receptors are usually found in the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. They are encoded by the THRA gene (also known as NR1A1, THRA1, ERBA or ERBA1 gene) as several isoforms produced by alternative splicing.

The alpha chain of pituitary glycoprotein hormones (THYROTROPIN; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE) and the placental CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Within a species, the alpha subunits of these four hormones are identical; the distinct functional characteristics of these glycoprotein hormones are determined by the unique beta subunits. Both subunits, the non-covalently bound heterodimers, are required for full biologic activity.

Hormones secreted by insects. They influence their growth and development. Also synthetic substances that act like insect hormones.

A sac or recess formed by a fold of the peritoneum.

Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.

The anatomical parts that make up an organism in the early stages of development.

Tumors or cancer of the VAGINA.

Peptides, natural or synthetic, that stimulate the release of PITUITARY HORMONES. They were first isolated from the extracts of the HYPOTHALAMUS; MEDIAN EMINENCE; PITUITARY STALK; and NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. In addition, some hypophysiotropic hormones control pituitary cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and hormone synthesis. Some can act on more than one pituitary hormone.

Hormones produced by invertebrates, usually insects, mollusks, annelids, and helminths.

Hormones released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). They include a number of peptides which are formed in the NEURONS in the HYPOTHALAMUS, bound to NEUROPHYSINS, and stored in the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary. Upon stimulation, these peptides are released into the hypophysial portal vessel blood.

A highly malignant subset of neoplasms arising from the endometrial stroma. Tumors in this group infiltrate the stroma with a wide range of atypia cells and numerous mitoses. They are capable of widespread metastases (NEOPLASM METASTASIS).

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

Defects in the SEX DETERMINATION PROCESS in 46, XY individuals that result in abnormal gonadal development and deficiencies in TESTOSTERONE and subsequently ANTIMULLERIAN HORMONE or other factors required for normal male sex development. This leads to the development of female phenotypes (male to female sex reversal), normal to tall stature, and bilateral streak or dysgenic gonads which are susceptible to GONADAL TISSUE NEOPLASMS. An XY gonadal dysgenesis is associated with structural abnormalities on the Y CHROMOSOME, a mutation in the GENE, SRY, or a mutation in other autosomal genes that are involved in sex determination.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.

Cell surface proteins that bind GROWTH HORMONE with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Activation of growth hormone receptors regulates amino acid transport through cell membranes, RNA translation to protein, DNA transcription, and protein and amino acid catabolism in many cell types. Many of these effects are mediated indirectly through stimulation of the release of somatomedins.

Compounds that interact with ESTROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of ESTRADIOL. Estrogens stimulate the female reproductive organs, and the development of secondary female SEX CHARACTERISTICS. Estrogenic chemicals include natural, synthetic, steroidal, or non-steroidal compounds.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.

Peptides with the ability to stimulate pigmented cells MELANOCYTES in mammals and MELANOPHORES in lower vertebrates. By stimulating the synthesis and distribution of MELANIN in these pigmented cells, they increase coloration of skin and other tissue. MSHs, derived from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), are produced by MELANOTROPHS in the INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF PITUITARY; CORTICOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR LOBE OF PITUITARY, and the hypothalamic neurons in the ARCUATE NUCLEUS OF HYPOTHALAMUS.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A broad fold of peritoneum that extends from the side of the uterus to the wall of the pelvis.

The beta subunit of follicle stimulating hormone. It is a 15-kDa glycopolypeptide. Full biological activity of FSH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. Mutation of the FSHB gene causes delayed puberty, or infertility.

The anterior glandular lobe of the pituitary gland, also known as the adenohypophysis. It secretes the ADENOHYPOPHYSEAL HORMONES that regulate vital functions such as GROWTH; METABOLISM; and REPRODUCTION.

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

Painful menstruation.

A receptor-regulated smad protein that undergoes PHOSPHORYLATION by BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN RECEPTORS and regulates BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN signaling.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Paracrine-mediated apoptosis in reproductive tract development. (1/492)

In mammalian development, the signaling pathways that couple extracellular death signals with the apoptotic machinery are still poorly understood. We chose to examine Mullerian duct regression in the developing reproductive tract as a possible model of apoptosis during morphogenesis. The TGFbeta-like hormone, Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), initiates regression of the Mullerian duct or female reproductive tract anlagen; this event is essential for proper male sexual differentiation and occurs between embryonic days (E) 14 and 17 in the rat. Here, we show that apoptosis occurs during Mullerian duct regression in male embryos beginning at E15. Female Mullerian ducts exposed to MIS also exhibited prominent apoptosis within 13 h, which was blocked by a caspase inhibitor. In both males and females the MIS type-II receptor is expressed exclusively in the mesenchymal cell layer surrounding the duct, whereas apoptotic cells localize to the epithelium. In addition, tissue recombination experiments provide evidence that MIS does not act directly on the epithelium to induce apoptosis. Based on these data, we suggest that MIS triggers cell death by altering mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. (+info)

Ptx1 regulates SF-1 activity by an interaction that mimics the role of the ligand-binding domain. (2/492)

Ptx1 (Pitx1) is a bicoid-related homeobox transcription factor expressed from the onset of pituitary development. It was shown to cooperate with cell-restricted factors, such as Pit1, NeuroD1/PanI and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), to establish a combinatorial code conferring lineage- and promoter-specific gene transcription in the pituitary. Transcriptional synergism between Ptx1 and SF-1 on two SF-1 target genes, pituitary luteinizing hormone beta and Mullerian-inhibiting substance (MIS), requires SF-1 binding to DNA and appears to result from direct physical interaction between these two proteins. The interaction between the C-terminus of Ptx1 and the N-terminal half of SF-1 results in transcriptional enhancement that equals the activity of a constitutively active SF-1 mutant and that may mimic the effect of a still unidentified SF-1 ligand. Thus, the unmasking of SF-1 activity by Ptx1 may represent a developmental mechanism to alleviate the need for SF-1 ligand in transcription and, possibly, at critical times during organogenesis. (+info)

Reversion of the differentiated phenotype and maturation block in Sertoli cells in pathological human testis. (3/492)

To study the relationship between abnormal Sertoli cell differentiation and spermatogenic impairment, we examined the expression of Sertoli cell markers normally lost at puberty, cytokeratin 18 (CK18), anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and M2A antigen, in three children (aged 1-2 years), 50 adults (aged 19-45 years) with obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia or oligozoospermia, and six patients (aged 1-18 years) with 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. There was CK18 and/or AMH expression, but never M2A antigen expression, associated with spermatogonial arrest or Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome in infertile men. Loss of M2A antigen suggests the transition of Sertoli cells to an adult phenotype, while CK18 and/or AMH expression may be a manifestation of de-differentiation of Sertoli cells. In 5 alpha-reductase deficiency, there was a sequential loss of CK18, M2A antigen and AMH around puberty, associated with partial spermatogenesis. The persistence of immature Sertoli cells expressing M2A antigen was associated with prepubertal seminiferous cords and SCO syndrome. Therefore, 5 alpha-reductase deficiency may prevent the maturation of Sertoli cells, resulting in impairment of spermatogenesis, and loss of M2A antigen expression coincides with a critical step in the Sertoli cell maturation. High follicle stimulating hormone concentrations due to failure of normal Sertoli cell differentiation indicate a normal development pattern of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (+info)

Anti-Mullerian hormone as a seminal marker for spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia. (4/492)

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) also known as Mullerian inhibiting substance or factor, is a Sertoli cell-secreted glycoprotein responsible in male embryos for Mullerian duct regression. However, its role in adults remains unknown. AMH seminal concentrations have been evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunoassay in three groups of young men: group 1, fertile donors (n = 18); group 2, obstructive azoospermia (n = 9) after vasectomy or associated with deferent duct agenesia; and group 3, non-obstructive azoospermia with spermatogenesis deficiency and normal karyotype (n = 23). AMH was present in seminal plasma of most fertile donors at concentrations ranging from undetectable (<3.5 pmol/l) up to 543 pmol/l (geometric mean: 153 pmol/l), higher than the serum level (range <3.5 up to 67 pmol/l, geometric mean: 10.7 pmol/l, n = 13). Seminal AMH concentrations were undetectable in all obstructive azoospermic patients, confirming its testicular origin. In non-obstructive azoospermia (group 3), seminal AMH concentration was lower (range <3. 5-68.5 pmol/l, geometric mean: 17 pmol/l) than in fertile donors (P < 0.003) without correlation with plasma follicle stimulating hormone values. In group 3, comparison of seminal AMH concentration and the results of histological analysis of testicular biopsies revealed that undetectable AMH found in 14 cases was associated in 11 of them with lack of spermatozoa, while detectable concentrations of AMH (10-68.5 pmol/l) found in nine cases were associated in seven of them with persistent spermatogenesis. In the adult, AMH is secreted preferentially towards the seminiferous lumen. Although its relationship with spermatogenesis requires further investigation, our results suggest that seminal AMH may represent a non-invasive marker of persistent hypospermatogenesis in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia which may indicate the likely success of testicular spermatozoa recovery before intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (+info)

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of genes involved in gonadal differentiation in pigs. (5/492)

In mammals, testis development is initiated in the embryo as a response to the expression of the sex-determining gene, SRY. The time course of SRY expression during gonadal differentiation in the male has been described in detail only in mice and sheep. In this study, we used reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis to define the SRY transcription profile in pig genital ridges. SRY transcripts were first detectable from 23 days postcoitum (dpc), then declined sharply after 35 dpc. None were detected at 60 dpc. In addition, we analyzed temporal expression of other genes known to be involved in mammalian sex determination: WT-1, SF-1, SOX9, and AMH. A key stage seems to be 28 dpc, in which SOX9 expression switches between the male and female, and AMH expression begins to attest to Sertoli cell differentiation and to correspond to seminiferous cord formation in the male. Expression of gonadotropin receptors and aromatase was also investigated in porcine gonads, and we showed that their transcripts were detected very early on, especially in the male: 25 dpc for the LH receptor (rLH) and aromatase, and 28 dpc for the FSH receptor (rFSH). In the female, aromatase transcripts were not detected until 70 dpc, and rFSH expression occurred later: at 45 dpc at the onset of meiosis. Moreover, no difference was observed between the sexes for the onset of rLH transcription at 25 dpc. Such a thorough study has never been performed on pigs; developmental analysis will be useful for investigating sex-reversed gonads and determining ontogeny in intersexuality, a common pathology in pigs. (+info)

Targeted mutagenesis of the endogenous mouse Mis gene promoter: in vivo definition of genetic pathways of vertebrate sexual development. (6/492)

Mutations were introduced into conserved steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)- and SOX9-binding sites within the endogenous mouse Mullerian inhibiting substance (Mis) promoter. Male mice homozygous for the mutant SF1-binding site correctly initiated Mis transcription in fetal testes, although at significantly reduced levels. Surprisingly, sufficient MIS was produced to eliminate the MUllerian ducts. In contrast, males homozygous for the mutant SOX9-binding site did not initiate Mis transcription, resulting in pseudohermaphrodites. These studies suggest an essential role for SOX9 in the initiation of Mis transcription, whereas SF1 appears to act as a quantitative regulator of Mis transcript levels, perhaps for influencing non-Mullerian duct tissues. Comparative studies of Mis expression in vertebrates indicate that the Mis promoter receives transcriptional inputs that vary between species but result in the same functional readout. (+info)

Human ovarian cancer, cell lines, and primary ascites cells express the human Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) type II receptor, bind, and are responsive to MIS. (7/492)

Six human ovarian cancer cell lines and samples of ascites cells isolated from 27 patients with stage III or IV ovarian papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma were studied individually to test whether recombinant human Mullerian inhibiting substance (rhMIS) acts via its receptor. To do these experiments, we scaled up production of rhMIS and labeled it successfully with biotin for binding studies, cloned the human MIS type II receptor for mRNA detection, and raised antibodies to an extracellular domain peptide for protein detection. These probes were first tested on the human ovarian cancer cell lines and then applied to primary ovarian ascites cells. rhMIS inhibited colony growth of five of six cell lines that expressed the human MIS type II receptor mRNA by Northern analysis while not inhibiting receptor-negative COS cells. Flow cytometry performed on MIS-sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines demonstrated specific and saturable binding of rhMIS (Kd = 10.2 nM). Ascites cells from 15 of 27 or 56% of patients tested bound biotinylated MIS (MIS-biotin) and, of the 11 that grew in soft agarose, 9 of 11 or 82% showed statistically significant inhibition of colony formation. Of the 15 patients who bound biotinylated MIS, mRNA was available for analysis from 9, and 8 of 9 expressed MIS type II receptor mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR, showing a statistically significant correlation, compared with binding, by chi2 analysis (P = 0.025). Solid ovarian cancers were positive for the MIS type II receptor protein by immunohistochemical staining, which colocalized with staining for antibody to CA-125 (OC-125). Thus, the detection of the MIS type I receptor by flow cytometry may be a useful predictor of therapeutic response to MIS and may be a modality to rapidly choose patients with late-stage ovarian cancer for treatment with MIS. (+info)

Postnatal sex reversal of the ovaries in mice lacking estrogen receptors alpha and beta. (8/492)

Mice lacking estrogen receptors alpha and beta were generated to clarify the roles of each receptor in the physiology of estrogen target tissues. Both sexes of alphabeta estrogen receptor knockout (alphabetaERKO) mutants exhibit normal reproductive tract development but are infertile. Ovaries of adult alphabetaERKO females exhibit follicle transdifferentiation to structures resembling seminiferous tubules of the testis, including Sertoli-like cells and expression of Mullerian inhibiting substance, sulfated glycoprotein-2, and Sox9. Therefore, loss of both receptors leads to an ovarian phenotype that is distinct from that of the individual ERKO mutants, which indicates that both receptors are required for the maintenance of germ and somatic cells in the postnatal ovary. (+info)

"Expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in the equine testis". Theriogenology. 69 (5): 624-631. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology ... ", "MIH" for "Müllerian-inhibiting hormone", or "APH" for anti-paramesonephric hormone). AMH is a glycoprotein hormone that is ... The development of the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts is controlled by the presence or absence of anti-Müllerian hormone ( ... "Mullerian Duct Anomalies". Retrieved 2012-11-29. genital-010-Embryo Images at University of North Carolina How the Body Works/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramesonephric_duct

Broer, S. L.; Broekmans, F. J. M.; Laven, J. S. E.; Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2014). "Anti-Mullerian hormone: ovarian reserve ... Broer, S. L.; Broekmans, F. J. M.; Laven, J. S. E.; Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2014). "Anti-Mullerian hormone: ovarian reserve ... Notably, a higher level of anti-Müllerian hormone when tested in women in the general population has been found to have a ... April 2011). "Antimüllerian hormone as a predictor of natural fecundability in women aged 30-42 years". Obstet Gynecol. 117 (4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_and_female_fertility

"The physiology and clinical utility of anti-Mullerian hormone in women". Human Reproduction Update (Review). 20 (3): 370-85. ... There is some evidence that exposure to higher than typical levels of androgens and the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in utero ... There are often low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin, in particular among obese or overweight women.Anti-Müllerian ... Dumont A, Robin G, Catteau-Jonard S, Dewailly D (2015). "Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in pathophysiology, diagnosis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycystic_ovary_syndrome

Broer, S. L.; Broekmans, F. J. M.; Laven, J. S. E.; Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2014). "Anti-Mullerian hormone: ovarian reserve ... Many women with a BRCA take hormone replacement therapy to reduce these effects: estrogen-progesterone combinations for women ... with the risk of uterine cancer and to use fewer hormones to manage the adverse effects of a prophylactic oophorectomy. Whether ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRCA_mutation

Broer, S. L.; Broekmans, F. J. M.; Laven, J. S. E.; Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2014). "Anti-Mullerian hormone: ovarian reserve ... Anti-Müllerian hormone to estimate ovarian reserve. Examination and imaging An endometrial biopsy, to verify ovulation and ... Other hormonal changes in chemotherapy include decrease in inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone levels. Women may choose ... Karasu, T.; Marczylo, T. H.; MacCarrone, M.; Konje, J. C. (2011). "The role of sex steroid hormones, cytokines and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Female_infertility

Broer, S. L.; Broekmans, F. J. M.; Laven, J. S. E.; Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2014). "Anti-Mullerian hormone: ovarian reserve ... In women with cancer, a testing for the level of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is useful in predicting the long-term post- ... Alternative methods of hormonal stimulation using letrozole or tamoxifen may be used for women with hormone-sensitive cancers. ... is stimulated with hormones to prepare for the development of the embryo. In women requiring local pelvic radiation therapy may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertility_preservation

Sertoli cells secrete anti-mullerian hormone, which causes the paramesonephric duct to regress. The development and maintenance ... luteinizing hormone. The inner lining of the seminal vesicles (the epithelium) is made of a lining of interspersed column- ... The seminal vesicles have also been found to contain luteinizing hormone receptors, and hence may also be regulated by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminal_vesicles

In males, because of the presence of the Y sex chromosome, anti-mullerian hormone is produced. This leads to the degeneration ... When ovulation is about to occur, the sex hormones activate the fimbriae, causing them to swell with blood and hit the ovary in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallopian_tube

... the secretion of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) causes the regression of the Müllerian duct. Normally, both the Mullerian and ... The AMH molecules bind to AMHRII (anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type II) regressing the Müllerian duct. The Leydig cells ... AMH (anti Müllerian hormone) is produced by the primitive Sertoli cells as one of the earliest Sertoli cell products and ... The genetic mutational cause of PMDS, is a 27 base-pair deletion of the Anti-Mullerian Type 2 Receptor gene. The 27-base-pair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_Müllerian_duct_syndrome

FSH, Inhibin-B, and Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) are used as the biomarkers for the ovarian aging. Various genetic and ... Hypothalamic GnRH pulse influences the pulsatile secretion of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) ... Chemicals and hormones found in the environment and plastics such as Bisphenol A (BPA) have been thought to affect sexual ... During the menstrual cycle, due to a decreased level of inhibin-A and steroid hormones, the level of FSH increases. Due to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_reproductive_ecology

Many of these tests measure levels of hormones FSH, and GnrH. Methods such as measuring AMH (anti-mullerian) hormone levels, ... Usta, Taner; Oral, Engin (June 2012). "Is the measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone essential?". Current Opinion in Obstetrics ... In turn, the pituitary gland releases hormones to the ovaries. From this signaling, the ovaries release their own hormones. The ... It is also an endocrine gland because of the various hormones that it secretes. The ovaries are considered the female gonads. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovary

Paramu, Sobhana (2016). "Impact of laparoscopic ovarian drilling on serum anti-mullerian hormone levels in patients with ... Circulating and intrafollicular levels of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), which can help quantify recruitable ovarian follicle ... The procedure results in a decrease in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and in pulsations as well as a periodic drop in inhibin ... The most plausible theory states that the reduction of these hormone concentrations leads to an increase in the secretion of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_drilling

The physiology and clinical utility of anti-Mullerian hormone in women. Human Reproduction Update (Review). 2014, 20 (3): 370- ... Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is increased in PCOS, and may become part of its diagnostic criteria.[66][67][68] ... Anti-Müllerian hormone: ovarian reserve testing and its potential clinical implications. Hum. Reprod. Update. 2014, 20 (5): 688 ... Dumont A, Robin G, Catteau-Jonard S, Dewailly D. Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/多囊卵巢綜合症

PMDS is primarily caused by a mutation in the Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) gene (PMDS Type 1) or AMHR2 gene (PMDS Type 2). In ... Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a congenital disorder of male sexual development and is a form of ... Hannema, SE; Hughes, IA (2007). "Regulation of Wolffian duct development". Hormone Research. 67 (3): 142-151. doi:10.1159/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_mesoderm

"Inhibin B and anti-Mullerian hormone as markers of persistent spermatogenesis in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a meta- ... Activin, inhibin and a number of other structurally related proteins such as anti-Müllerian hormone, bone morphogenetic protein ... It was shown to promote tumorigenesis by hampering the adaptive anti-tumor immune response in melanoma. Quantification of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activin_and_inhibin

"Inhibin B and anti-Mullerian hormone as markers of persistent spermatogenesis in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a meta- ... Typically, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are low (hypogonadotropic) commensurate with inadequate stimulation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azoospermia

Broer, S. L.; Broekmans, F. J. M.; Laven, J. S. E.; Fauser, B. C. J. M. Anti-Mullerian hormone: ovarian reserve testing and its ... Karasu, T.; Marczylo, T. H.; MacCarrone, M.; Konje, J. C. The role of sex steroid hormones, cytokines and the endocannabinoid ... 促性腺激素释放素激动剂（英语：Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist） ... Apter D. Serum steroids and pituitary hormones in female puberty: a partly longitudinal study. Clinical Endocrinology. February ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/女性不孕症

2009). "Anti-Mullerian hormone-based approach to controlled ovarian stimulation for assisted conception". Human Reproduction 1 ... "Insensitivity to anti-müllerian hormone due to a mutation in the human anti-müllerian hormone receptor". Nat. Genet. 11 (4): ... 2007). "Serum anti-Mullerian hormone and FSH: prediction of live birth and extremes of response in stimulated cycles- ... Broer SJ at al (2011). "Anti-müllerian hormone predicts menopause: a long-term follow-up study in normoovulatory women". J Clin ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormona_antimülleriana

AMH (Anti-mullerian Hormone) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b), that has a very important role in ... "Serum anti-Müllerian hormone expression in women with premature ovarian failure". Human Reproduction (Oxford, England). 22 (1 ... a key hormone produced by the ovary, and a decrease in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were detected. The variation in time ... "Antimüllerian hormone inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone-induced adenylyl cyclase activation, aromatase expression, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_follicle_activation

... it is now well established that Anti-Mullerian Hormone or AMH is more useful biochemical test.[citation needed] High levels ... 1989) Follicle stimulating hormone levels on cycle day 3 are predictive of in vitro fertilization outcome. Fertility and ... Also see poor ovarian reserve and Follicle-stimulating hormone for treatment options. DNA damage (naturally occurring) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_reserve

The Mullerian ducts only develop in the absence of anti-Mullerian hormone, where the Wolffian ducts regress. Development of the ... Mullerian anomalies occur as a congenital malformation of the mullerian ducts during embryogenesis. The mullerian ducts are ... by initiating the production of anti-Mullerian hormone by the Sertoli cells of the testis. ... An array of Mullerian anomalies can occur if any of these processes are arrested or impaired. The first stage of Mullerian duct ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullerian_anomalies

Verma AK, Rajbhar S, Mishra J, Gupta M, Sharma M, Deshmukh G, Ali W (December 2016). "Anti-Mullerian Hormone: A Marker of ... Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), is a glycoprotein hormone structurally related ... "Insensitivity to anti-müllerian hormone due to a mutation in the human anti-müllerian hormone receptor". Nature Genetics. 11 (4 ... discoverer Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor Freemartin - involvement of anti-Müllerian hormone in cattle twins of mixed sex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Müllerian_hormone

... is a receptor for anti-Müllerian hormone. Anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 is a protein ... Anti-Mullerian+hormone+receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Biology portal v t e v t ... "Anti-Müllerian hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor polymorphisms are associated with follicular phase estradiol ... "Anti-Müllerian hormone and anti-Müllerian hormone type II receptor polymorphisms are associated with follicular phase estradiol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Müllerian_hormone_receptor

hormon antimullerian (antimullerian hormone, AMH, ogé faktor atawa hormon inhibisi mullerian). *adiponéktin (ogé Acrp30) ... Hormone, Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris per 17 Nopémber 2005. *Henderson J. Ernest Starling and 'Hormones': an historical ... hormon nu ngaleupaskeun hormon kamekaran (growth hormone-releasing hormone, GHRH). *gonadotropin korionik manusa (human ... Conto hormon protéin nyaéta insulin jeung hormon kamekaran (growth hormone).. *hormon stéroid, turunan koléstérol; kortéks ...

https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormon

Inside the pelvis, the ovaries are normal and since they have not been exposed to testicular antimullerian hormone (MIF), the ... uterus, fallopian tubes, upper vagina, and other mullerian structures are normally formed as well. However, the high levels of ... Hormone replacement[edit]. The primary goals of hormone replacement are to protect from adrenal insufficiency and to suppress ... 7.1.1 Hormone replacement *7.1.1.1 Stress coverage, crisis prevention, parental education ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/21-hydroxylase_deficiency

... and several hormone producing glands. The WNT4 protein is important in regulating the formation of the Mullerian ducts, also ... WNT4 increases follistatin expression which ultimately inhibits the formation of anti-testis action and supports ovarian germ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNT4_deficiency

美国反同性恋组织列表（英语：List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-gay hate groups） ... 頑固性密拉氏管徵候群」 (Persistent mullerian duct syndrome)，又譯「永久性苗勒氏管綜合症」，指胎兒個

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/雌雄間性

"Inhibin B and anti-Mullerian hormone as markers of persistent spermatogenesis in men with non-obstructive azoospermia: a meta- ... inhibin and a number of other structurally related proteins such as anti-Müllerian hormone, bone morphogenetic protein, and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhibin

Defence in Animals: a survey of anti-predator defences. Harlow, Essex and New York, Longman. ISBN 0-582-44132-3. On p 255-256 ... Benson, W. W. (1977). "On the Supposed Spectrum Between Batesian and Mullerian Mimicry". Evolution. 31 (2): 454-455. doi: ... Hormones and Behavior. 38 (4): 222-233. doi:10.1006/hbeh.2000.1622. PMID 11104640. S2CID 5759575.. ... Defence in Animals: a survey of anti-predator defences. Harlow, Essex and New York, Longman. ISBN 0-582-44132-3. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicry

... of the tibia with polydactyly Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Hypoplastic right heart microcephaly Hypoplastic thumb mullerian ... synthetase in the liver Hypoglycemia Hypogonadism cardiomyopathy Hypogonadism hypogonadotropic due to mutations in GR hormone ... cerebral ataxia Hereditary peripheral nervous disorder Hereditary primary Fanconi disease Hereditary resistance to anti-vitamin ... Hypolipoproteinemia Hypomagnesemia primary Hypomandibular faciocranial dysostosis Hypomelanotic disorder Hypomelia mullerian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(H)

Testicular function can also be assessed by measuring serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels, which in turn can further ... "Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome with persistent Mullerian derivatives: a case report". J Obstet Gynaecol. 25 (4): 403- ... Hormone replacement therapy is required after gonadectomy, and should be modulated over time to replicate the hormone levels ... luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) and spermatogenic defect. These effects may not manifest at all in men ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_androgen_insensitivity_syndrome

Anti-müllerian hormone. *CFTR. *DEHP. *Dehydroepiandrosterone. *Estradiol. *FSH. *GnRH. *Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog ... Mullerian agenesis. *Obstetrical hemorrhage. *Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. *Ovarian pregnancy, DYK. *Ovarian reserve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ekem

... www.uoguelph.ca/ahl/services/anti-mullerian-hormone-amh-spay-check ... Home , Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), spay check. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), spay check. Service category: Available Tests [1 ...

https://www.uoguelph.ca/ahl/print/10435

... Kai J. Buhling,1 Petra Stute,2 and Volker Ziller3 ... Kai J. Buhling, Petra Stute, and Volker Ziller, "Anti-Mullerian Hormone: Usefulness in Clinical Practice," International ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ije/2013/791386/cta/

Hello all, I am currently waiting on some test results after my second miscarriage and have done some reading on the topic of AMH, but it would be nice to hear from....

https://www.dailystrength.org/group/miscarriage/discussion/anti-mullerian-hormone-blood-clotting-issues

Describes how the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) test is used, when an AMH test is requested, and what the results of an AMH test ... The test measures a hormone called anti - Müllerian hormone (AMH). This hormone is very important during the development of the ... Anti- Müllerian hormone (AMH) is not a routinely available test but may be useful in specific circumstances. ... In the UK, measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has three generally accepted uses (based on published evidence): ...

https://labtestsonline.org.uk/tests/anti-mullerian-hormone

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (ng/ml). Variable Name: SSAMH. SAS Label: Anti-Mullerian Hormone (ng/ml). English Text: Anti-Mullerian ... Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) & Inhibin-B (Surplus) (SSAMH_B) Data File: SSAMH_B.xpt First Published: January 2015. Last Revised ... 2011) A multicentre evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter anti-Mullerian hormone immunoassay (AMH Gen II). Ann Clin Biochem 48 ... Within the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and inhibin B ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2001-2002/SSAMH_B.htm

Sample Result: Anti-Mullerian Hormone. This browser does not support inline PDFs. To view the Sample Results file, click here. ... The AMH test measures the levels of the anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), a protein that plays a major role in the development of ... AMH, also known as Anti-Mullerian hormone, is a protein that is produced by the testicles and ovaries in males and females. ... AMH, also known as Anti-Mullerian hormone, is a protein that is produced by the testicles and ovaries in males and females. ...

https://www.healthtestingcenters.com/test/anti-mullerian-hormone/

... anti-mullerian hormone fertility testing gives an estimate of the remaining egg supply, or ovarian reserve. Blood is tested on ... Note: Anti mullerian hormone has also been referred to (mostly in the past) as "mullerian inhibiting substance", or MIS. ... Anti mullerian hormone is one potential test of ovarian reserve. There are other tests that are currently used for evaluation ... Interpretation of anti-mullerian hormone levels and chances for conception. There are some problems involved with ...

https://advancedfertility.com/infertility-testing/amh-fertility-testing/

The Anti-Mullerian Hormone is a substance secreted by the granulosa cells in the developing egg sacs (ovarian follicles). When ... The AMH test (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) is a blood test to help the fertility doctor assess the womans ovarian reserve. The test ... The Anti-Mullerian Hormone is a substance secreted by the granulosa cells in the developing egg sacs (ovarian follicles) . When ... Home - Trying to Conceive - Fertility Test - Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Fertility Test ...

https://www.fertilityauthority.com/anti-mullerian-hormone-amh-fertility-test?utm_source=Daily+Shot+Subscribers&utm_campaign=4d28aa0719-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ec70c19f1b-4d28aa0719-211241281

Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Fertility Test. Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Fertility Test. Status message. Active context: ... The AMH test (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) is a blood test to help the fertility doctor assess the womans ovarian reserve. The test ... The Anti-Mullerian Hormone is a substance secreted by the granulosa cells in the developing egg sacs (ovarian follicles) . When ... Also, unlike follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), the levels of AMH in the blood do not fluctuate as much; therefore the test ...

https://www.fertilityauthority.com/comment/1125529

Testing Anti-Mullerian Hormone to Determine Egg Reserves by Scott Roseff, MD ... The granulosa cells produce a specific hormone directly and predictably linked to egg quality, and that hormone is called AMH. ... These tests measured the brains hormones which were INDIRECTLY affected by the ovarys egg quality. While these tests were the ...

https://www.inciid.org/AMH-testing

Anti-Mullerian hormone levels [ Time Frame: 1 year ]. AMH (anti-mullerian hormone) levels will be measured before surgery and ... Association Between Laparoscopic Removal of Endometriomas and Anti-mullerian Hormone Levels. The safety and scientific validity ... Combined oral contraceptive or long term GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) analog use in the preceding 3 months to ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02685644?recrs=abc&cond=%22Genital+Diseases%2C+Female%22&rank=49

... J Clin Endocrinol Metab. ... Context/objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B are viable ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18593767/?dopt=Abstract

... levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and the ratio AMH-to-total Testosterone (AMH/tT) achieved independent predictor status ... While circulating hormones associated to a condition of primary hypogonadism did not predict sperm retrieval, ... Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as a predictive marker in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Hum Reprod Update 16, 113-130, ... Anti-Mullerian hormone in men with normal and reduced sperm concentration and men with maldescended testes. Fertility and ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-17420-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=64f1f9d3-c7b4-4cf6-a4ed-3161be782fb9

AMH is a blood test that directly measures ovarian reserve. It is produced directly by early stage ovarian follicles. High levels (over 1.0) are favorable, while low levels (less than 1.0) indicate decreased ovarian reserve. AMH may be the best measure of the menopausal transition and ovarian age. It may also be useful in predicting ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, the

https://www.pacificfertilitycenter.com/glossary/anti-mullerian-hormone-amh

Hi everyone Ive started experiencing occasional hot flushes so my GP order a blood test to check my Anti-Mullerian Hormone ( ... Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) test Hi everyone. Ive started experiencing occasional hot flushes so my GP order a blood test to ... Low anti-mullerian hormone levels and hydrosalpinx. By Jholla in forum Conception issues & ttc ... check my Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) which apparently looks at your egg supply. My result came in at 8.1 pmol/L which is on ...

https://www.bubhub.com.au/community/forums/showthread.php?558462-Anti-Mullerian-Hormone-

Hormones. Levonorgestrel. Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists. Physiological Effects of Drugs. Contraceptive ... The Effect of Birth Control Methods on Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Levels. The safety and scientific validity of this study is ... Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) has been shown to be a reliable marker of ovarian reserve. In prior studies, tubal ligation has ... Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) has been shown to be a reliable marker of ovarian reserve because levels demonstrate a consistent ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01308931?recr=Open&cond=%22Intrauterine+Devices%22&rank=19

... suggestive of heightened gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as compared to healthy ... Elevated prenatal anti-Mullerian hormone reprograms the fetus and induces polycystic ovary syndrome in adulthood. Tata, Brooke ... Most women with PCOS exhibit higher levels of circulating luteinizing hormone, ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1240561

BACKGROUND To determine whether women with extremely low-serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels (,0.1-0.4 ng/ml) still ... BACKGROUND To determine whether women with extremely low-serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels (,0.1-0.4 ng/ml) still ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Live-birth-chances-in-women/21531994.html

Anti-Mullerian Hormone also known as AMH is a member of the TGF-beta family. AMH is a glycoprotein which is produced by the ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/amh_human

Ayurveda for Low Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) INTRODUCTION AMH is a glycoprotein hormone which is mainly responsible for growth ... Ayurveda for Low Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH). July 22, 2019. December 10, 2019. Dr. Meenakshi Chauhan ... upper vagina and mullerian ducts. STRUCTURE AMH is a dimeric ...

https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/tag/shatavari-for-anti-mullerian-hormone/

Hi everyone Ive started experiencing occasional hot flushes so my GP order a blood test to check my Anti-Mullerian Hormone ( ... Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) test Mine was 5 at 32 yrs and my fertility specialist said he would be expecting it to be around ... Low anti-mullerian hormone levels and hydrosalpinx. By Jholla in forum Conception issues & ttc ... Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) test. By LJMsMum in forum Conception & Fertility General Chat ...

https://www.bubhub.com.au/community/forums/showthread.php?558463-Anti-Mullerian-Hormone-

... which are very beneficial in natural treatment of Low Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) level. ... Ayurveda for Low Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH). INTRODUCTION. AMH is a glycoprotein hormone which is mainly responsible for ... Production of sex hormones - AMH is mainly responsible for the production of sex hormones in both sexes. In males, it remains ... AMH hormone serves various benefits in both sexes like it helps in ovulation, embryogenesis and regulation of sex hormones. Its ...

https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/ayurveda-for-low-anti-mullerian-hormone/

Although pelvic ultrasonography and day 3 serum hormone testing have long been common methods of assessing ovarian reserve, ... Assessment of ovarian reserve with anti-Mullerian hormone: a comparison of the predictive value of anti-Mullerian, follicle- ... Singer T, Barad DH, Weghofer A, Gleicher N. Correlation of anti-Mullerian hormone and baseline follicle-stimulating hormone ... Barad DH, Weghofer A, Gleicher N. Comparing anti-Mullerian hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone as predictors of ovarian ...

https://www.naturalmedicinejournal.com/journal/2012-06/assessing-egg-quantity-anti-mullerian-hormone-0

Find out more about the Anti-Mullerian Hormone or Ovarian Reserve test from IVF Australia, and how it can help a woman ... Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a hormone secreted by cells in developing egg sacs (follicles). The level of AMH in a womans ...

https://www.ivf.com.au/ovarian-reserve-amh-test

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) blood levels may provide a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary ... Boston, MA - Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) blood levels may provide a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of ... Anti-Mullerian Hormone May Help Detect Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Obese Adolescent Girls. April 02, 2016 ... In this regard, using an anti-Mullerian hormone has become a growing interest for the diagnosis of PCOS," said lead author Joon ...

https://www.endocrine.org/news-room/press-release-archives/2016/anti-mullerian-hormone-may-help-detect-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-in-obese-adolescent-girls

Association of Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Inhibin B with Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Janus ... Association of Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Inhibin B with Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Janus ... Association of Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Inhibin B with Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Janus ... Association of Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, and Inhibin B with Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the Janus ...

https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2020/02/05/1055-9965.EPI-19-0675

Anti-Mullerian Hormone / analysis * Anti-Mullerian Hormone / blood* * Efficiency * Female * Humans * Infertility / blood ... Objective: To evaluate the role of serum antimullerian hormone (AMH) concentration in predicting live birth outcome in ... Evaluating the performance of serum antimullerian hormone concentration in predicting the live birth rate of controlled ovarian ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20171627/

Anti-Mullerian hormone, Ayurveda, case report, infertility, Vandhyata Abstract:. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) produced by ... An Ayurvedic treatment protocol to improve anti mullerian hormone: A prerequisite for assisted reproductive technique - A case ... "An Ayurvedic treatment protocol to improve anti mullerian hormone: A prerequisite for assisted reproductive technique - A case ...

https://www.amrita.edu/publication/ayurvedic-treatment-protocol-improve-anti-mullerian-hormone-prerequisite-assisted

Serum anti-mullerian hormone is elevated in girls with exaggerated adrenarche. WF Paterson1, R Fleming2, SF Ahmed1 & AM Wallace ... Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the ovarian granulosa cells in immature follicles from around week 36 of gestation ...

https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0013/ea0013p260.htm

Anti-Mullerian hormone as an ovarian reserve marker in women with the most frequent muscular dystrophies. Authors. PARMOVÁ ... AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone) is currently considered the best measure of ovarian reserve. A total of 21 females with myotonic ... anti-Mullerian hormone; fertility; muscular dystrophy; myotonic dystrophy; ovarian reserve Description. Some muscular ... Anti-Mullerian hormone as an ovarian reserve marker in women with the most frequent muscular dystrophies ...

https://www.muni.cz/en/research/publications/1673177

Alternative names are Mullerian inhibiting factor, Mullerian inhibiting substance or MIS. (healthtestingcenters.com)
AMH, or anti-mullerian hormone is a substance produced by granulosa cells in ovarian follicles. (advancedfertility.com)
Note: Anti mullerian hormone has also been referred to (mostly in the past) as "mullerian inhibiting substance", or MIS. (advancedfertility.com)
The Anti-Mullerian Hormone is a substance secreted by the granulosa cells in the developing egg sacs (ovarian follicles) . (fertilityauthority.com)
It is also called MIS ( Mullerian Inhibiting Substance). (londonacupuncturespace.com)
Anti-Mullerian hormone is a substance produced by granulosa cells in ovarian follicles which are specific cells which surround each and every egg on a woman's ovary. (fertilitysourcecompanies.com)
Variations in serum Mullerian inhibiting substance between white, black, and Hispanic women. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)
AMH is also known as the Anti-Mullerian Hormone that is a substance created by granulosa cells in ovarian follicles. (sofatinfertility.com)
The anti-Müllerian hormone receptor (Müllerian Inhibiting Substance Type II Receptor) can be responsible for persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Müllerian inhibiting substance type II receptor (MISIIR), also known as the Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor, is expressed by ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers and these cancer cells have been reported to apoptose in response to exposure to the Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS). (wikipedia.org)
also known as Müllerian-inhibiting substance, "MIF" for "Müllerian-inhibiting factor", "MIH" for "Müllerian-inhibiting hormone", or "APH" for anti-paramesonephric hormone). (wikipedia.org)

MBS2024888 is a ready-to-use microwell, strip plate Competitive Inhibition ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) Kit for analyzing the presence of the Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) ELISA Kit target analytes in biological samples. (mybiosource.com)
You need info about Mouse Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) ELISA Kit or any other Gentaur produtct? (gentaurshop.com)
Should the Human Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) ELISA Kit is proven to show malperformance, you will receive a refund or a free replacement. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)

If the body is not producing enough AMH, the female organs (Mullerian ducts) will develop in addition to the male organs. (healthtestingcenters.com)
In males, its main role is to inhibit the formation of female reproductive tract which includes - Fallopian tube, uterus, upper vagina and mullerian ducts. (planetayurveda.com)
In males - It is mainly responsible for preventing the formation of female reproductive tract and mullerian ducts. (planetayurveda.com)
During male fetal development, expression of AMH prevents the mullerian ducts from developing into the uterus, resulting in development of the male reproductive tract. (clinlabnavigator.com)
In females, the absence of AMH expression allows the mullerian ducts and structures to develop into the female reproductive tract. (clinlabnavigator.com)
In genetic males, high amounts of AMH are secreted by the testicles, suppressing the formation and development of the female reproductive organs from Mullerian ducts (primordial female reproductive system), and encouraging the development of other male sex organs, which results in the development of a male child. (1mg.com)
If no hormone is produced from the gonads, the Müllerian ducts automatically develop. (ovohealth.com)
This complex binds to the anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 and causes the regression of Mullerian ducts in the male embryo that would otherwise differentiate into the uterus and fallopian tubes. (genecards.org)
Testosterone promotes the development of male genitalia while the binding of AMH to the encoded receptor prevents the development of the mullerian ducts into uterus and Fallopian tubes. (wikipedia.org)

The granulosa cells produce a specific hormone directly and predictably linked to egg quality, and that hormone is called AMH. (inciid.org)
AMH is a peptide hormone from the TGF-β family made from birth to menopause by the functional granulosa cells of the preantral follicles. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) produced by granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles acts as a potential marker for ovarian reserve useful in predicting ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation. (amrita.edu)
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is produced by the ovarian granulosa cells in immature follicles from around week 36 of gestation to the menopause. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Antimullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein hormone belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta family that is produced by Sertoli cells of the testis in males and by ovarian granulosa cells in females. (clinlabnavigator.com)
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is a granulosa cell derived hormone secreted from pre-antral and small antral follicles. (biomedcentral.com)
Anti Mllerian Hormone (AMH) is produced by granulosa cells of ovarian follicles during the early stages of follicle development. (ovohealth.com)
Growth hormone is not only produced by the pituitary but is also produced by the ovary and has been shown to bind to granulosa, theca, and luteal cells promoting steroidogenesis [1,2]. (oatext.com)
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is expressed by the granulosa cells of early developing follicles and plays an inhibiting role on the initial and cyclic processes of follicular recruitment in some species. (wur.nl)

This hormone is very important during the development of the male foetus as it is essential for the formation of male reproductive organs . (labtestsonline.org.uk)
The AMH test measures the levels of the anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), a protein that plays a major role in the development of the reproductive tract of fetuses. (healthtestingcenters.com)
Endometriosis is a well-known cause of infertility, and the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is an accepted biomarker of ovarian reserve and response to artificial reproductive technology procedures. (biomedcentral.com)
Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH), also known as the Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH) is a naturally produced hormone by the sex organs (testes in males and ovaries in females) that determine development and functioning of the reproductive organs. (1mg.com)
Low or no AMH secreted in the genetically female fetus causes the formation and development of female reproductive organs from the Mullerian duct and a female child is developed. (1mg.com)
AMH maintains a balance of the two important female reproductive hormones: Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), which regulate the maturation and release of eggs from the ovaries along with other hormones. (1mg.com)
Our clinic aims to balance hormones and improve the functioning of reproductive organ systems, including ovarian functions, which we see as the main issues of confronting women with low AMH and poor egg quality. (tcm-healthcare.co.uk)
A woman's reproductive system is built with several organs which function with the assistance of several crucial hormones. (ovohealth.com)
One of the first hormones your reproductive endocrinologist will investigate, this hormone is measured early in a woman's cycle to determine her ovarian reserve. (cofertility.com)
Review - AMH and AMHR2 mutations: A spectrum of reproductive phenotypes across vertebrate species [1] "Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the Transforming Growth Factor-β family of secreted signaling proteins. (edu.au)
Blood tests will check reproductive hormone levels, which can indirectly demonstrate the quality and number of eggs in a woman's ovaries. (marieclaire.com)
Secreted by maturing follicles, estradiol is a form of estrogen, the major female reproductive hormone. (marieclaire.com)
Many patients with growth hormone deficiency require assisted reproductive technology [11]. (oatext.com)
Serum antimullerian hormone levels best reflect the reproductive decline with age in normal women with proven fertility: A longitudinal study. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)
Association of anti-mullerian hormone levels with obesity in late reproductive-age women. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)
The female reproductive cycle is influenced by the relationships between several hormones - especially follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2). (wakehealth.edu)
The objective of our review was to evaluate the effect of inositols on anti-Mullerian hormone, antral follicle count and reproductive outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF/ICSI. (nih.gov)
The Plasma anti-mullerian hormone (AMH): determining the value as a phenotypic and genetic marker for reproductive rate project modelled the potential value of plasma AMH as a phenotypic and genetic marker for reproductive rate in sheep and beef cattle. (futurebeef.com.au)
Estrogen is the hormone that controls the reproductive cycle. (healthline.com)
Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels are regarded as an age-specific marker for predicting the ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age. (bvsalud.org)

Most women with PCOS exhibit higher levels of circulating luteinizing hormone, suggestive of heightened gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as compared to healthy women. (diva-portal.org)
It's a hormone that regulates and inhibits FSH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the hormone that controls the release of FSH and LH in the body. (marieclaire.com)
Regulation of GnRH pulsatility in ewes Early work in ewes provided a wealth of information on the physiological regulation of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. (embies.com)
Though much of this risk is mitigated with trigger using gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH) agonist alone, it may result in lower birth rates. (springer.com)

AMH, together with follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH) balance and regulate the monthly ovarian cycle-including maturation of egg or release, extremely critical if one is planning to conceive. (metropolisindia.com)
In secondary hypogonadism, hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone or/and pituitary-secreted gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone) are either deficient or inactive leading to decreased secretion of gonadal steroids and subsequent amenorrhea. (springer.com)
Bauer-Dantoin AC, McDonald JK, Levine JE, Neuropeptide Y. Potentiates luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone-induced LH secretion only under conditions leading to preovulatory LH surges. (springer.com)
Some studies have shown that the luteinizing hormone (LH)/ follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio can be used as a predictor of ovarian reserve . (bvsalud.org)

Within the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) and inhibin B concentrations among men were measured to evaluate variation by age and race/ethnicity. (cdc.gov)
The objective of the study was to determine whether anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B are viable endocrine biomarkers for framing the menopause transition from initiation to the final menstrual period (FMP). (nih.gov)
To understand the role of ovulation-regulating hormones in the etiology of ovarian cancer, we prospectively analyzed the association of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and inhibin B with ovarian cancer risk. (aacrjournals.org)
Detection of anti-mullerian hormone and inhibin in equine. (tamu.edu)
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), is a glycoprotein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin from the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. (ovohealth.com)

In males, if AMH is produced in less quantity, it can result in Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (P.M.D.S) in which the males have rudimentary uterus and undescended testes. (planetayurveda.com)
Mutations in this gene result in persistent Mullerian duct syndrome. (genecards.org)
Diseases associated with AMH include Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome, Types I And Ii and Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome . (genecards.org)
Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is the result of either anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) deficiency or AMH receptor resistance. (ege.edu.tr)
Mutations in this gene are associated with persistent Mullerian duct syndrome type II. (wikipedia.org)

A recent study noted that in women with hypopituitarism, growth hormone replacement lead to increased endometrial thickness and better ovarian response to gonadotropins when undergoing in vitro fertilization [10]. (oatext.com)
What is Anti-mullerian hormone and explain the good AMH level for In-vitro fertilization? (sofatinfertility.com)
High levels of anti-Mullerian hormone and a high antral follicle count in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, reflecting increased ovarian antral follicles, predisposes them to have a high number of retrieved oocytes with in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and an increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. (nih.gov)

Anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AMHR2 gene. (wikipedia.org)

Women with many small follicles, such as those with polycystic ovaries have high AMH hormone values and women that have few remaining follicles and those that are close to menopause have low anti-mullerian hormone levels. (advancedfertility.com)
In recent years, it has been reported that, in women with PCOS, circulating anti- Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels are elevated up to 2-3 times, reflecting the load of growing follicles [ 5 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) plasma levels reflect the continuous non-cyclic growth of small follicles, mirroring the size of the resting primordial follicle pool. (ovohealth.com)
AMH is a hormone produced in the ovaries by tiny early-stage follicles as they grow to a stage at which they can potentially produce eggs for ovulation. (marieclaire.com)
Each cycle, in response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), one of these immature follicles becomes the dominant, mature follicle that ultimately releases an egg through the process of ovulation. (pregnancylab.net)
Both growth hormone and IFG-1 play a role in the recruitment of ovarian follicles [7]. (oatext.com)
Additionally, there is no AMH hormone made in follicles over 8mm. (sofatinfertility.com)
Anti-mullerian hormone is created just in little ovarian follicles. (sofatinfertility.com)
Ladies with numerous little follicles, for example, those with PCOS that is known as polycystic ovaries have high AMH hormone dimensions. (sofatinfertility.com)
Moreover, the ladies who are suffering from less number of follicles and those who are experiencing menopause health condition have low anti-mullerian hormone dimensions. (sofatinfertility.com)
Various tests are used to evaluate hormone function and ovarian reserve (the number of follicles and quality of eggs). (wakehealth.edu)

Women can self order their own hormone testing: Current costs to do so at www.ultalabtests.com is $12.95 for an FSH test, $62 for a basic menopause panel , $77 for an Anti-Mullerian Hormone AssessR , and $248 for a Comprehensive Menopause Panel (which includes Anti-Mullerian Hormone). (tubal.org)
High LH levels outside of the LH surge are correlated with problems such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which may suggest premature menopause and diminished ovarian reserve or a genetic or congenital condition that affects the production of hormones. (marieclaire.com)
Generally, the follicle-stimulating hormone FSH level increases when the 17β-estradiol E2 level decreases in menopause. (duhnnae.com)
Smoking has anti-estrogen effects that can contribute to early menopause. (healthline.com)

Ayurveda for Low Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) INTRODUCTION AMH is a glycoprotein hormone which is mainly responsible for growth, differentiation and folliculogenesis process. (planetayurveda.com)
Mullerian Inhibiting Factor, MIF) is a secreted glycoprotein factor (transforming growth factor-beta, TGF-beta superfamily) that regulates gonadal and genital tract development. (edu.au)
AMH is a glycoprotein hormone that is secreted by sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells) in males as they begin their morphologic differentiation in response to SRY expression. (wikipedia.org)

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) are two markers used to measure ovarian reserve and are important when predicting a patient's fertility [6]. (oatext.com)
The primary outcome was a change in anti-Mullerian hormone and antral follicle count before and after treatment, for which data were unsuitable for meta-analysis. (nih.gov)

The test measures a hormone called anti - Müllerian hormone (AMH). (labtestsonline.org.uk)
Anti- Müllerian hormone (AMH) is not a routinely available test but may be useful in specific circumstances. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
How can AMH hormone levels be a fertility test? (advancedfertility.com)
More will be learned regarding anti-mullerian hormone levels and outcomes as we continue to use the AMH fertility test and study the relationship between AMH hormone values and fertility, ovarian responsiveness, chances for IVF success, etc. (advancedfertility.com)
Anti mullerian hormone is one potential test of ovarian reserve. (advancedfertility.com)
The AMH test (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) is a blood test to help the fertility doctor assess the woman's ovarian reserve . (fertilityauthority.com)
I've started experiencing occasional hot flushes so my GP order a blood test to check my Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) which apparently looks at your egg supply. (bubhub.com.au)
Historically, age has been used as a determinant, and in the last 20 years follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) [2] [3] has been used to test ovarian reserve. (scirp.org)
The AMH Test measures the levels of Anti Mullerian Hormone or AMH in blood. (1mg.com)
baru tadi tahu blood test tu tujuan dia utk Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH). (blogspot.com)
In addition to giving a detailed medical history, men can expect to have their hormone levels checked via a blood test and provide a sperm sample. (marieclaire.com)
At Eurofins Megalab Canarias we perform various fertility tests, including the Fertility test Anti-mullerian hormone . (lgs-analisis.es)
A Day 3 FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) test is commonly used to determine a woman's ovarian reserve. (londonacupuncturespace.com)
Typically egg donors are tested medically with a blood test administered on days one, two, or three of the menstrual cycle called FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone). (fertilitysourcecompanies.com)
However, there's a newer method that's been developed called AMH (Anti-Mullerian Hormone) blood test. (fertilitysourcecompanies.com)
An anti-mullerian hormone test (AMH) can be done at any time in the menstrual cycle, as your amh levels are stable throughout the cycle. (labtestsguide.com)
How AMH hormone levels are related to a fertility test? (sofatinfertility.com)
Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) is emerging as another sensitive test of fertility potential in women. (wakehealth.edu)
Andrac Ltd. will be rolling out trials soon for the AMH test, contact us directly if you would like to be the first to see how easy and accurate the mLabs® AMH (anti-mullerian hormone) test is in your Clinic. (andrac.com)

AMH, also known as Anti-Mullerian hormone, is a protein that is produced by the testicles and ovaries in males and females. (healthtestingcenters.com)
Anti Mullerian Hormone or AMH is produced primarily by the testicles in males and the ovaries in females. (1mg.com)
Growth hormone also works through insulin like growth factor-1 by increasing the sensitivity of ovaries to gonadotropins [3,4]. (oatext.com)
The ovaries were evaluated for follicular dynamics, and anti-mullerian hormone was assessed using mouse enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. (aku.edu)
Their ovaries also make the hormones estrogen and progesterone , which control their period ( menstruation ) and the release of eggs ( ovulation ). (webmd.com)

Historically, the most common serum tests to assess egg quality have been follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol on day 3 of the menstrual cycle. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Several hormones such as 5 α -dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17 β -estradiol (E2) [ 23 , 24 ] are reported as metabolic modulators of SCs. (hindawi.com)

We correlated Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and other parameters for ovarian reserve to the gestational age at the time of pregnancy loss in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. (biomedcentral.com)
Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in recurrent embryonic miscarriage patients are frequently abnormal, and may affect pregnancy outcomes [2] "This prospective cohort study measured anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients, compared them to a normal population, and assessed the pregnancy outcomes. (edu.au)

We intended to establish the threshold of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) for detection of Ovarian Hyper-Stimulation Syndrome (OHSS) and poor response to treatment in Iranian infertile women. (biomedcentral.com)
Buyuk E, Seifer DB, Illions E, Grazi RV, Lieman H. Elevated body mass index is associated with lower serum anti-mullerian hormone levels in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve but not with normal ovarian reserve. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)

Influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on the effect of chemotherapy upon ovarian cancer and the prevention of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage: an experimental study with nu/nu athymic mice. (cloud-clone.com)

Boston, MA - Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) blood levels may provide a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in obese adolescent girls, new research suggests. (endocrine.org)
A new biomarker measured in blood, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), has been proposed to do exactly that but there are some important limitations that must be considered before rushing out to the closest doctor's office to request an AMH measurement. (pregnancylab.net)
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) blood levels may provide a useful biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in obese adolescent girls. (medindia.net)

AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone) is currently considered the best measure of ovarian reserve. (muni.cz)
Serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels: a novel measure of ovarian reserve. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)

FSH is one of the most important hormones involved in a woman's menstrual cycle. (marieclaire.com)

AMH hormone serves various benefits in both sexes like it helps in ovulation, embryogenesis and regulation of sex hormones. (planetayurveda.com)
Thyroid disorders, including hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid), hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) or thyroid autoimmune diseases can impact many other important hormones in your body, causing numerous problems related to fertility and ovulation. (marieclaire.com)
The influence of circulating anti-Müllerian hormone on ovarian responsiveness to ovulation induction with gonadotrophins in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a pilot study. (cloud-clone.com)
Levels of the hormone progesterone rise in association with ovulation. (wakehealth.edu)
Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) can cause irregular ovulation and are seen in obese women and those with polycystic ovarian syndrome . (wakehealth.edu)

To describe a case of congenital growth hormone deficiency in a patient that had return of ovarian function after growth hormone replacement following undetectable levels of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) level. (oatext.com)

The accuracy of day 3 serum evaluation is affected by endogenous hormone production (such as a functional ovarian cyst producing estrogen), exogenous hormones (such as infertility medications), and the timing of the sample collection. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Endocrinologists are at the core of solving the most pressing health problems of our time, from diabetes and obesity to infertility, bone health, and hormone-related cancers. (endocrine.org)
Growth hormone is involved in diverse areas of the body from linear growth to regulation of male and female infertility. (oatext.com)
Female hormone evaluations are most often used as part of infertility testing. (wakehealth.edu)
Many other hormone levels are evaluated in the infertility workup. (wakehealth.edu)
There was substantial evidence that anti-mullerian hormone monitoring during chemotherapy administration may fulfil the criteria of earliest diagnostic indicator of secondary infertility. (aku.edu)

This assay has high sensitivity and excellent specificity for detection of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH). (mybiosource.com)
Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)

In this regard, using an anti-Mullerian hormone has become a growing interest for the diagnosis of PCOS," said lead author Joon Young Kim, PhD, postdoctoral associate in the Division of Weight Management and Wellness at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Pennsylvania. (endocrine.org)
Objective: Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) was highlighted as a valid marker of ovarian dysfunction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and was linked with cardiovascular conditions. (alliedacademies.org)
To explore the possible roles of altered circulating androgens and anti-mullerian hormone among PCOS women regarding their body mass index and their outcomes after IVF. (bvsalud.org)

Studies have shown that serum levels of Anti-Mullerian Hormones (AMH) decrease with age as it is also an early and sensitive marker of ovarian reserve in women in the North American, European and Asian regions. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)

2011) A multicentre evaluation of the new Beckman Coulter anti-Mullerian hormone immunoassay (AMH Gen II). (cdc.gov)

The gonadotropin dose was determined based on the age and basal serum Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH) level. (biomedcentral.com)

Anti-Mullerian Hormone: The Blood-Based Biological Clock? (pregnancylab.net)
Antimullerian hormone, or AMH, is one of the blood tests performed on a woman to assess ovarian reserve. (dallasfertility.com)

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) has been shown to be a reliable marker of ovarian reserve because levels demonstrate a consistent age-related decline and do not fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Anti-Mullerian hormone levels in the spontaneous menstrual cycle do not show substantial fluctuation. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)
We considered that anti-Mullerian hormone AMH can be measured at any time of the menstrual cycle and that it shows ovary functional decline earlier than FSH-E2, and we examined whether AMH would possibly become a good index for climacteric disorders. (duhnnae.com)

Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) has been shown to be a reliable marker of ovarian reserve. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Therefore, follicular fluid anti-mullerian hormone level can be considered as a marker of IVF outcome. (sid.ir)
Anti-Mullerian hormone: its role in follicular growth initiation and survival and as an ovarian reserve marker. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)
Hampl R, Snajderova M, Mardesic T. Antimullerian hormone (AMH) not only a marker for prediction of ovarian reserve. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)
A reliable, easy to assess marker for fertility in agricultural species would be highly desirable and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a promising candidate. (embies.com)

Prolactin is the hormone responsible for stimulating breast milk production in pregnant women. (wakehealth.edu)

We also evaluate correlations with previously measured sex-steroid hormone measurements. (cdc.gov)
To evaluate the role of serum antimullerian hormone (AMH) concentration in predicting live birth outcome in controlled ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI). (nih.gov)
Introduction: To evaluate whether high level of fluid anti-mullerian hormone level is more likely related to success of fertilization and better embryo quality. (sid.ir)
To evaluate the strength of anti-mullerian hormone in reflecting the stages of ovarian toxicity-induced by cyclophosphamide. (aku.edu)

The doctor will go over your medical histories, and ask about any conditions that might impact fertility (like diabetes, hormone imbalances, sexually transmitted infections, and thyroid disease), as well as any medications that you are currently taking or have taken in the past. (marieclaire.com)
Thyroid hormone levels also influence fertility. (wakehealth.edu)
Thyroid hormones. (webmd.com)

A monoclonal antibody specific to Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) has been pre-coated onto a microplate. (mybiosource.com)
A competitive inhibition reaction is launched between biotin labeled Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and unlabeled Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) (Standards or samples) with the pre-coated antibody specific to Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH). (mybiosource.com)

This gene encodes the receptor for the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) which, in addition to testosterone, results in male sex differentiation. (wikipedia.org)

Live birth chances in women with extremely low-serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels. (biomedsearch.com)
Age-specific serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in 1,298 Korean women with regular menstruation. (annalsofhealthresearch.com)

Predictive accuracy of anti mullerian hormone as indicator of ovarian " by Zehra Jamil, Khalida Perveen et al. (aku.edu)

If the baby has male genes, the body produces high levels of AMH as well as other male hormones. (healthtestingcenters.com)

AMH is one of the most important hormones which contributes to the proper working of the system in every woman. (ovohealth.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms2

Diseases27

Chemicals and Drugs53

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes9

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Paracrine-mediated apoptosis in reproductive tract development. (1/492)

Ptx1 regulates SF-1 activity by an interaction that mimics the role of the ligand-binding domain. (2/492)

Reversion of the differentiated phenotype and maturation block in Sertoli cells in pathological human testis. (3/492)

Anti-Mullerian hormone as a seminal marker for spermatogenesis in non-obstructive azoospermia. (4/492)

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of genes involved in gonadal differentiation in pigs. (5/492)

Targeted mutagenesis of the endogenous mouse Mis gene promoter: in vivo definition of genetic pathways of vertebrate sexual development. (6/492)

Human ovarian cancer, cell lines, and primary ascites cells express the human Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) type II receptor, bind, and are responsive to MIS. (7/492)

Postnatal sex reversal of the ovaries in mice lacking estrogen receptors alpha and beta. (8/492)

Mullerian Ducts

Mixed Tumor, Mullerian

Testicular Hormones

Anti-Mullerian Hormone

Adenosarcoma

Wolffian Ducts

Hormones

46, XX Disorders of Sex Development

Thyroid Hormones

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Luteinizing Hormone

Receptors, Peptide

Parathyroid Hormone

Growth Inhibitors

Disorders of Sex Development

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

Gonadal Steroid Hormones

Urogenital Abnormalities

Genitalia, Female

Sex Differentiation

Receptors, Thyroid Hormone

Human Growth Hormone

Vagina

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Uterus

Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta

Testis

Pituitary Hormones

Glycoproteins

Subrenal Capsule Assay

Mixed Tumor, Malignant

Uterine Neoplasms

Estradiol

Ovary

Urogenital System

Testosterone

Diethylstilbestrol

Triiodothyronine

Carcinosarcoma

Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary

Juvenile Hormones

Butterflies

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Cryptorchidism

Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors

Genitalia

Steroidogenic Factor 1

Freemartinism

Hematometra

Wnt4 Protein

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone

Virilism

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone

Ovarian Neoplasms

Hysterosalpingography

Gonadal Dysgenesis

Gonads

Hypothalamic Hormones

Peptide Hormones

Pituitary Gland

Thyroxine

Mesonephros

Predatory Behavior

Pregnancy

Gonadal Hormones

Molecular Sequence Data

Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta

Prolactin

Sertoli Cells

46, XY Disorders of Sex Development

Pituitary Hormones, Anterior

Base Sequence

Congenital Abnormalities

RNA, Messenger

Thyrotropin

Syndrome

Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous

Immunohistochemistry

Peritoneal Neoplasms

Progesterone