Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant Gram-negative rods. (1/41157)
Sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens. Amikacin was the aminoglycoside most active against gentamicin-resistant organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Providencia spp, and Citrobacter spp being particularly susceptible. Most of the gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolated from the urine of patients undergoing surgery. Gentamicin was the most active antibiotic against gentamicin-sensitive E coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Pseudomonas spp were most susceptible to tobramycin. (+info)Modified peptidoglycan transpeptidase activity in a carbenicillin-resistant mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18s. (2/41157)
A carbenicillin-resistant mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18s was found to possess peptidoglycan transpeptidase activity significantly more resistant to inhibition by benzyl penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephaloridine than that of the parent strain. The mutant was more resistant than the parent strain to all of the beta-lactam antibiotics tested, and 50% inhibition values for these compounds against membrane-bound model transpeptidase activity paralleled this increase. The resistance of the mutant to kanamycin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol was unchanged. (+info)Various forms of chemically induced liver injury and their detection by diagnostic procedures. (3/41157)
A large number of chemical agents, administered for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, can produce various types of hepatic injury by several mechanisms. Some agents are intrinsically hepatotoxic, and others produce hepatic injury only in the rare, uniquely susceptible individual. Idiosyncrasy of the host is the mechanism for most types of drug-induced hepatic injury. It may reflect allergy to the drug or a metabolic aberation of the host permitting the accumulation of hepatotoxic metabolites. The syndromes of hepatic disease produced by drugs have been classified hepatocellular, hepatocanalicular, mixed and canalicular. Measurement of serum enzyme activities has provided a powerful tool for studies of hepatotoxicity. Their measurement requires awareness of relative specificity, knowledge of the mechanisms involved, and knowledge of the relationship between known hepatotoxic states and elevated enzyme activities. (+info)Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2"), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (4/41157)
BACKGROUND: High-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci and staphylococci is conferred by AAC(6')-APH(2"), an enzyme with 6'-N-acetyltransferase and 2"-O-phosphotransferase activities. The presence of this enzyme in pathogenic gram-positive bacteria prevents the successful use of gentamicin C and most other aminoglycosides as therapeutic agents. RESULTS: In an effort to understand the mechanism of aminoglycoside modification, we expressed AAC(6')-APH(2") in Bacillus subtilis. The purified enzyme is monomeric with a molecular mass of 57 kDa and displays both the expected aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase and O-phosphotransferase activities. Structure-function analysis with various aminoglycosides substrates reveals an enzyme with broad specificity in both enzymatic activities, accounting for AAC(6')-APH(2")'s dramatic negative impact on clinical aminoglycoside therapy. Both lividomycin A and paromomycin, aminoglycosides lacking a 6'-amino group, were acetylated by AAC(6')-APH(2"). The infrared spectrum of the product of paromomycin acetylation yielded a signal consistent with O-acetylation. Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the products of neomycin phosphorylation indicated that phosphoryl transfer occurred primarily at the 3'-OH of the 6-aminohexose ring A, and that some diphosphorylated material was also present with phosphates at the 3'-OH and the 3"'-OH of ring D, both unprecedented observations for this enzyme. Furthermore, the phosphorylation site of lividomycin A was determined to be the 5"-OH of the pentose ring C. CONCLUSIONS: The bifunctional AAC(6')-APH(2") has the capacity to inactivate virtually all clinically important aminoglycosides through N- and O-acetylation and phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups. The extremely broad substrate specificity of this enzyme will impact on future development of aminoglycosides and presents a significant challenge for antibiotic design. (+info)Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Working Group. (5/41157)
BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the glycopeptide vancomycin has been the only uniformly effective treatment for staphylococcal infections. In 1997, two infections due to S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin were identified in the United States. METHODS: We investigated the two patients with infections due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides, as defined by a minimal inhibitory concentration of vancomycin of 8 to 16 microg per milliliter. To assess the carriage and transmission of these strains of S. aureus, we cultured samples from the patients and their contacts and evaluated the isolates. RESULTS: The first patient was a 59-year-old man in Michigan with diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure. Peritonitis due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides developed after 18 weeks of vancomycin treatment for recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus peritonitis associated with dialysis. The removal of the peritoneal catheter plus treatment with rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole eradicated the infection. The second patient was a 66-year-old man with diabetes in New Jersey. A bloodstream infection due to S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides developed after 18 weeks of vancomycin treatment for recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus bacteremia. This infection was eradicated with vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin. Both patients died. The glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus isolates differed by two bands on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. On electron microscopy, the isolates from the infected patients had thicker extracellular matrixes than control methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates. No carriage was documented among 177 contacts of the two patients. CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of S. aureus with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides emphasizes the importance of the prudent use of antibiotics, the laboratory capacity to identify resistant strains, and the use of infection-control precautions to prevent transmission. (+info)Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management--United States, 1998. (6/41157)
From October 30 through December 23, 1998, CDC received reports of a series of bioterroristic threats of anthrax exposure. Letters alleged to contain anthrax were sent to health clinics on October 30, 1998, in Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. During December 17-23 in California, a letter alleged to contain anthrax was sent to a private business, and three telephone threats of anthrax contamination of ventilation systems were made to private and public buildings. All threats were hoaxes and are under investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and local law enforcement officials. The public health implications of these threats were investigated to assist in developing national public health guidelines for responding to bioterrorism. This report summarizes the findings of these investigations and provides interim guidance for public health authorities on bioterrorism related to anthrax. (+info)Acinetobacter bacteremia in Hong Kong: prospective study and review. (7/41157)
The epidemiological characteristics of 18 patients with acinetobacter bacteremia were analyzed. Patients (mean age, 55.5 years) developed bacteremia after an average of 14.1 days of hospitalization. Fifteen of 16 patients survived bacteremia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. Cultures of blood from the remaining two patients yielded Acinetobacter lwoffii. Most patients (78%) resided in the general ward, while four patients (22%) were under intensive care. Genotyping by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction analysis and the temporal sequence of isolation were more useful than phenotyping by antimicrobial susceptibility in the determination of the source of bacteremia, and the intravascular catheter was the leading infection source (39% of cases). The possibility of an association of glucose with the pathogenesis of acinetobacter infection was raised. (+info)Malaria prophylaxis using azithromycin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. (8/41157)
New drugs are needed for preventing drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against P. falciparum in malaria-immune Kenyans was 83%. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the prophylactic efficacy of azithromycin against multidrug-resistant P. falciparum malaria and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesian adults with limited immunity. After radical cure therapy, 300 randomized subjects received azithromycin (148 subjects, 750-mg loading dose followed by 250 mg/d), placebo (77), or doxycycline (75, 100 mg/d). The end point was slide-proven parasitemia. There were 58 P. falciparum and 29 P. vivax prophylaxis failures over 20 weeks. Using incidence rates, the protective efficacy of azithromycin relative to placebo was 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.3-83.8) against P. falciparum malaria and 98.9% (95% CI, 93.1-99.9) against P. vivax malaria. Corresponding figures for doxycycline were 96.3% (95% CI, 85.4-99.6) and 98% (95% CI, 88.0-99.9), respectively. Daily azithromycin offered excellent protection against P. vivax malaria but modest protection against P. falciparum malaria. (+info)Fluconazole prophylaxis in critically ill trauma intensive care unit patients<...
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Beta-lactam antibiotics
2007). "Antibacterial agents". In Murray, PR; et al. (eds.). Manual of Clinical Microbiology (9th ed.). Washington D.C.: ASM ... "Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action". Cellular ... Bacterial cytotoxicity could arise from incomplete repair of closely spaced 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine lesions in the DNA ... Hence, there are two main modes of bacterial resistance to β-lactams: If the bacterium produces the enzyme β-lactamase or the ...
Linezolid
November 1987). "Oxazolidinones, a new class of synthetic antibacterial agents: in vitro and in vivo activities of DuP 105 and ... As of 2014, bacterial resistance to linezolid has remained low. Linezolid is a member of the oxazolidinone class of medications ... Ford CW, Zurenko GE, Barbachyn MR (August 2001). "The discovery of linezolid, the first oxazolidinone antibacterial agent". ... Brickner SJ (1996). "Oxazolidinone antibacterial agents". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2 (2): 175-94. doi:10.2174/ ...
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic
Melander RJ, Zurawski DV, Melander C (2018). "Narrow-Spectrum Antibacterial Agents". MedChemComm. 9: 12-21. doi:10.1039/ ... Low propensity for bacterial resistance development. Often, the exact species of bacteria causing the illness is unknown, in ...
Macrolide
ISBN 978-0-12-526451-8. Bryskier A. "Antibacterial Agents; Structure Activity Relationships" (PDF). p. 143. Archived from the ... The primary means of bacterial resistance to macrolides occurs by post-transcriptional methylation of the 23S bacterial ... Macrolide antibiotics do so by binding reversibly to the P site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This action is ... Classification of agents Pharmamotion. Author: Gary Kaiser. The Community College of Baltimore County. Retrieved on July 31, ...
Phage therapy
"Targeting antibacterial agents by using drug-carrying filamentous bacteriophages". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 50 (6 ... Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses, evolved to infect bacterial cells; to do that, phages must use characteristic structures ... Purified recombinant phage enzymes can be used as separate antibacterial agents in their own right. Phage therapy also has the ... Borysowski J, Weber-Dabrowska B, Górski A (April 2006). "Bacteriophage endolysins as a novel class of antibacterial agents". ...
Polylysine
Hiraki, J. (1995). "Basic and applied studies on ε-polylysine". Journal of Antibacterial Antifungal Agents. 23: 349-354. Mazia ... This eventually leads to the abnormal distribution of the cytoplasm causing damage to the bacterial cell that is produced by ... s as delivery agents for antisense oligonucleotides". Pharmaceutical Research. 24 (8): 1581-1589. doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9231-y ... which offers a new way to deliver therapeutic agents specifically to the sites of injury after vascular damage. In 2010, ...
Carbapenem
Agents with anti-pseudomonal activity, including doripenem, imipenem, and meropenem, are not recommended in this population. ... Carbapenems are a class of very effective antibiotic agents most commonly used for the treatment of severe bacterial infections ... Structure Activity Relationships "Antibacterial Agents; Structure Activity Relationships," André Bryskier MD; beginning at ... thus inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. However, these agents individually exhibit a broader spectrum of activity ...
Actinomycetota
Gardnerella at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Mahajan, GB (2012). "Antibacterial agents ... Actinomycetota is one of the dominant bacterial phyla and contains one of the largest of bacterial genera, Streptomyces. ... Although some of the largest and most complex bacterial cells belong to the Actinomycetota, the group of marine Actinomarinales ... Pandey, B.; Ghimire, P.; Agrawal, V.P. (January 12-15, 2004). Studies on the antibacterial activity of the Actinomycetes ...
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor
host DHFR have found application as antibacterial agents. An extensive review of the chemical space of small-molecules that ... Bacteria also need DHFR to grow and multiply and hence inhibitors selective for bacterial vs. ... Hawser S, Lociuro S, Islam K (March 2006). "Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors as antibacterial agents". Biochemical ... the experimental antimalarial and anti-toxoplasmosis compound JPC-2056 Oral piritrexim, a treatment for metastatic urothelial ...
Quinolone antibiotic
Quinolones can be classified into generations based on their antibacterial spectra. The earlier-generation agents are, in ... Bacterial cytotoxicity could arise from incomplete repair of closely spaced 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in the DNA resulting in ... Risks of antibacterial agents in pregnancy]". Le Infezioni in Medicina. 10 (1): 8-15. PMID 12700435. Bar-Oz B, Moretti ME, ... "Antibacterial Agents; Structure Activity Relationships," André Bryskier MD (CS1: long volume value, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as ...
Ofloxacin
"Risks of antibacterial agents in pregnancy". Le Infezioni in Medicina: Rivista Periodica di Eziologia, Epidemiologia, ... Ofloxacin is used in the treatment of bacterial infections such as: Acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic obstructive ... An eye drop may be used for a superficial bacterial infection of the eye and an ear drop may be used for otitis media when a ... Agents Chemother. 22 (4): 548-53. doi:10.1128/aac.22.4.548. PMC 183791. PMID 6960805. Owens RC, Ambrose PG (July 2005). " ...
Streptomyces azureus
1979). Mechanism of Action of Antibacterial Agents. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 3-642-46403-3. Type ... strain of Streptomyces azureus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...
Mildred Rebstock
Pongs, O. (1979). "Chapter 3: Chloramphenicol". In Hahn, eFred E. (ed.). Mechanism of Action of Antibacterial Agents. ... and other infectious bacterial diseases. Since its discovery, chloromycetin has been linked to an increased risk of fatal ... Wright, Peter M.; Seiple, Ian B.; Myers, Andrew G. (2014). "The Evolving Role of Chemical Synthesis in Antibacterial Drug ... the remainder of her career and spent the latter part of it researching fertility drugs and the synthesis of blood-lipid agents ...
Chloramphenicol
Pongs, O. (1979). "Chapter 3: Chloramphenicol". In Hahn, eFred E. (ed.). Mechanism of Action of Antibacterial Agents. ... "Chloramphenicol spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and Resistance" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 February ... Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes use as an eye ... During the last decade chloramphenicol has been re-evaluated as an old agent with potential against systemic infections due to ...
Penicillin
Breijyeh Z, Jubeh B, Karaman R (March 2020). "Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Current Antibacterial Agents and ... "Morphological and ultrastructural changes in bacterial cells as an indicator of antibacterial mechanism of action". Cellular ... Levison ME, Levison JH (December 2009). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents". Infectious Disease ... The bacterial strain developed after introduction of methicillin in 1959. In MRSA, mutations in the genes (mec system) for PBP ...
Sankar Adhya
"Long-circulating bacteriophage as antibacterial agents". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 93 (8): 3188-3192. ... He is best known for his work on bacterial transcription and the biology of bacteriophage lambda. He has made important ... the organization of the bacterial nucleoid, and phage therapy. Adhya was born in Kolkata, India and studied chemistry at the ...
Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA
He then cleaved the double helix of another virus; an antibacterial agent known as bacteriophage lambda. In the third step, he ... Such biological barriers included fastidious bacterial hosts that were unable to survive in natural environments. Other ... In experiments designed to introduce or propagate DNA from non-viral or other low risk agents in animal cells, only low risk ... The moderate risk level of containment was intended for experiments in which there was a probability of generating an agent ...
Streptomyces rishiriensis
1979). Mechanism of Action of Antibacterial Agents. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 3-642-46403-3. Roberts ... the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase v t e (CS1 errors: generic name, Articles with short description, Short description is ... Cragg, edited by Gordon M.; Kingston, David G.I.; Newman, David J. (2012). Anticancer agents from natural products (2nd ed.). ... Cragg, edited by Gordon M.; Kingston, David G.I.; Newman, David J. (2012). Anticancer agents from natural products (2nd ed.). ...
Enzyme inhibitor
Zhang L, He J, Bai L, Ruan S, Yang T, Luo Y (July 2021). "Ribosome-targeting antibacterial agents: Advances, challenges, and ... Buynak JD (September 2007). "Cutting and stitching: the cross-linking of peptidoglycan in the assembly of the bacterial cell ... Dalhoff A (February 2021). "Selective toxicity of antibacterial agents-still a valid concept or do we miss chances and ignore ... Since anti-pathogen inhibitors generally target only one enzyme, such drugs are highly specific and generally produce few side ...
Eravacycline
... a Novel Fluorocycline Antibacterial Agent". Drugs. 76 (5): 567-588. doi:10.1007/s40265-016-0545-8. ISSN 1179-1950. PMID ... "Eravacycline is active against bacterial isolates expressing the polymyxin resistance gene mcr-1" (PDF). Antimicrobial Agents ... Sutcliffe, J. A.; O'Brien, W.; Fyfe, C.; Grossman, T. H. (2013-11-01). "Antibacterial activity of eravacycline (TP-434), a ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 58 (4): 1847-1854. doi:10.1128/AAC.01614-13. ISSN 1098-6596. PMC 4023720. PMID 24342651 ...
Flumequine
Takahashi H, Hayakawa I, Akimoto T (2003). "[The history of the development and changes of quinolone antibacterial agents]". ... It functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, and topoisomerase IV, enzymes necessary to separate bacterial ... Sissi C, Palumbo M (November 2003). "The quinolone family: from antibacterial to anticancer agents". Current Medicinal ... Gootz TD, Barrett JF, Sutcliffe JA (January 1990). "Inhibitory effects of quinolone antibacterial agents on eucaryotic ...
Kikkoman
Salt is added, which acts as an anti-bacterial agent and preservative. Next, a genus of the Aspergillus fungus is added to the ...
5,6-Dibromotryptamine
... is potentially an anti bacterial and anti cancer agent. 5,6-Dibromo-N-methyltryptamine 6-Bromotryptamine ...
Hylocomium splendens
It has anti-bacterial qualities and may also contain anti-tumour agents. "Hylocomium splendens: Mountain Fern Moss" Archived ... 2007). "Antibacterial activities of some mosses including Hylocomium splendens from South Western British Columbia". Institute ...
Sulfamethoxazole
Antibacterial Agents: Merck Veterinary Manual". www.merckvetmanual.com. Retrieved 2015-11-05. "Sulfonamides - Infectious ... Since it inhibits bacterial growth, sulfamethoxazole is considered a bacteriostatic antibiotic. Sulfonamides are selective ... It is used for bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and prostatitis and is effective against both ... Inhibiting the production of dihydrofolate intermediate interferes with the normal bacterial synthesis of folic acid (folate). ...
History of penicillin
Gratia called the antibacterial agent as "mycolysate" (killer mould). The next year they found another killer mould that could ... They found that the powder was not only effective in vitro against bacterial cultures but also and in vivo against bacterial ... The foaming problem was solved by the introduction of an anti-foaming agent known as glyceryl monoricinoleate. The chemical ... But these findings received little attention as the antibacterial agent and its medical value were not fully understood; ...
Karen Bush
Critical analysis of antibacterial agents in clinical development. Nature Rev. Microbiol. 18:286-298 Mack AR, Barnes MD, ... Bush conducts research focusing on bacterial resistance mechanisms to beta-lactam antibiotics. Bush received her BA, magna cum ... In vitro antibacterial activities of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54:1955-1964. ... "In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of JNJ-Q2, a New Broad-Spectrum Fluoroquinolone". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 54 ( ...
Lincomycin
Synthesis and structure of clindamycin, a potent antibacterial agent". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 13 (4): 616-619. doi: ... Lincomycin is used to treat severe bacterial infections in patients who cannot use penicillin antibiotics. Lincomycin shows ... Although similar in antibacterial spectrum and mechanism of action to macrolides, lincomycin is also effective against other ...
Lincosamides
Synthesis and structure of clindamycin, a potent antibacterial agent". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 13 (4): 616-619. doi: ... Lincosamides prevent bacterial replication in a bacteriostatic mechanism by interfering with the synthesis of proteins. In a ... Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (2): 133-144. doi:10.2174/187152107780361670. ISSN 1871-5214. Pubchem. " ... Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (2): 133-144. doi:10.2174/187152107780361670. Retrieved 2018-10-07. " ...
Sulfacetamide
"Sulfonamides and Sulfonamide Combinations: Antibacterial Agents: Merck Veterinary Manual". www.merckvetmanual.com. Retrieved ... It is a competitive inhibitor of bacterial para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). PABA is required for bacterial synthesis of folic ... It also has anti-inflammatory properties when used to treat blepharitis or conjunctivitis (in eye-drop solution). It is ... In cream form it is used to treat bacterial infections on the skin. It can also be used orally to treat urinary tract ...
Food web
Gönenç, I. Ethem; Koutitonsky, Vladimir G.; Rashleigh, Brenda (2007). Assessment of the Fate and Effects of Toxic Agents on ... Environment portal Ecology portal Earth sciences portal Biology portal Anti-predator adaptation - Defensive feature of prey for ... "Bacterial biomineralization: new insights from Myxococcus-induced mineral precipitation". Geological Society, London, Special ...
Childbirth
There is a higher risk of blood clots forming in the legs or pelvis - anti-clot stockings or medication may be ordered to avoid ... The WHO does not recommend the use of antispasmodic agents for prevention of delay in labour. For years an episiotomy was ... Postpartum infections, also historically known as childbed fever and medically as puerperal fever, are any bacterial infections ... Tsatsaris, Vassilis; Cabrol, Dominique; Carbonne, Bruno (2004). "Pharmacokinetics of tocolytic agents". Clinical ...
2022 monkeypox outbreak
"Anti-Monkeypox measures introduced at Thai airports". Thai PBS. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May ... The variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is also in this genus. Of the two types in humans, clade II (formerly West ... mostly for pain and bacterial infections that can occur as a result of monkeypox lesions". Studies published a month later, in ...
Interferon
Stringfellow D, Glasgow L (1972). "Tilorone hydrochloride: an oral interferon-inducing agent". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2 ( ... The H5N1 influenza virus, also known as bird flu, has resistance to interferon and other anti-viral cytokines that is ... Binding of molecules uniquely found in microbes-viral glycoproteins, viral RNA, bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), ... In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral ...
Topical fluoride
... while strontium chloride and potassium nitrate are added as anti-sensitive agents for individuals who have teeth sensitivity. ... Hydrogen fluoride subsequently acidifies the bacterial cytoplasm, inactivating the essential enzymes for bacterial metabolism, ... Topical fluoride also serves as an antimicrobial agent to reduce demineralization by inhibiting the growth of tooth-erupting ... These polysaccharides are necessary for adherence to enamel, while these acids are essential for the synthesis of bacterial ...
Cell cycle
The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter ... ISBN 978-0-12-324719-3. "Presentation on CDC25 PHOSPHATASES: A Potential Target for Novel Anticancer Agents". Archived from the ... have tried to invent the synthetic Cdk4/6 inhibitor as Cdk4/6 has been characterized to be a therapeutic target for anti-tumor ... cell growth and the bacterial cell cycle". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 7 (11): 822-7. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2202. PMC 2887316. ...
Michal Hocek
They discovered several novel classes of cytostatic agents with nanomolar antitumor activities based on substituted or fused ... and Anti-HCV Activity of 6-Substituted 7-(Het)aryl-7-deazapurine Ribonucleosides". J. Med. Chem. 57 (3): 1097-1110. doi:10.1021 ... "Influence of major-groove chemical modifications of DNA on transcription by bacterial RNA polymerases". Nucleic Acids Res. 44 ( ...
Triterpene
Lupane, oleanane and ursane show particular promise as anti-cancer agents. Steroids feature a cucurbitane core, although in ... Squalene serves as precursor for the formation of many triterpenoids, including bacterial hopanoids and eukaryotic sterols. By ...
Effervescent tablet
They may contain an anti-bacterial coating and are water resistant. The cap contains a little spring-like spiral, which helps ... It is used as a gastrointestinal agent. Effervescent preparations may enhance absorption and speed up onset of action by ...
Lyme disease
"Anti-vaxxers stopped the last Lyme disease vaccine. The FDA has just fast-tracked a new one". Newsweek. 25 July 2017. Archived ... Successful infection of the mammalian host depends on bacterial expression of OspC. Tick bites often go unnoticed because of ... After the identification of B. burgdorferi as the causative agent of Lyme disease, antibiotics were selected for testing, ... Masuzawa T (December 2004). "Terrestrial distribution of the Lyme borreliosis agent Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in East ...
Sodium hypochlorite
... sodium hypochlorite is used to remove all traces of nerve agent or blister agent from Personal Protection Equipment after an ... Sodium hypochlorite in solution exhibits broad spectrum anti-microbial activity and is widely used in healthcare facilities in ... The undissociated (nonionized) hypochlorous acid is believed to react with and inactivate bacterial and viral enzymes. ... 50% sodium hypochlorite is also used to neutralize any accidental releases of the nerve agent in the toxic areas. Lesser ...
Sammy Boussiba
Cloning of Bti bacterial genes into the Anabaena cyanobacteria for eradication of tropical diseases: The Bacillus thuringiensis ... Bt) group of bacteria is an important agent used for biological pest control. Bt is a Gram positive, aerobic bacterium which ... which is a potent naturally occurring anti-oxidant. A synthetic version of this pigment is currently used for obtaining pink- ...
Bioluminescence
Hosts obtain these bacterial symbionts either from the environment, spawning, or the luminous bacterium is evolving with their ... It produces greenish luminescent mucus which may have an anti-predator function. The marine snail Hinea brasiliana uses flashes ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 49 (1): 380-7. doi:10.1128/AAC.49.1.380-387.2005. PMC 538900. PMID 15616318. Di Rocco, ... Most luminous bacterial inhabit the marine sea, with Photobacterium and Vibrio genera dominating the marine environment. In the ...
2,5-Diketopiperazine
The unsaturated derivatives are illustrated by phenylahistin the anti-cancer microtubule binding agent, and the mycotoxin ... 2,5-DKPs have been shown to play a role in interspecies bacterial quorum sensing. For example, the 2,5-DKP cyclo(Phe-Pro) has ... For example, the 2,5-DKP cis-cyclo(Leu-Tyr) has been shown to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation; this property can be ... Derivatives of cyclo(L-His-L-Pro) have been studied extensively to develop therapeutic agents for neurodegeneration. These ...
Biofouling
Formerly, the so-called tributyltin (TBT) compounds were used as biocides (and thus anti-fouling agents). TBTs are toxic to ... In the next 24 hours, this layer allows the process of bacterial adhesion to occur, with both diatoms and bacteria (e.g. Vibrio ... Anti-fouling is the ability of specifically designed materials (such as toxic biocide paints, or non-toxic paints) to remove or ... Anti-fouling paints were tried, and in 1860, the first practical paint to gain widespread use was introduced in Liverpool and ...
Discodermia dissoluta
"Clinical status of anti-cancer agents derived from marine sources". Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 8 (6): 603-617. ... Brück WM, Sennett SH, Pomponi SA, Willenz P, McCarthy PJ (2008). "Identification of the bacterial symbiont Entotheonella sp. in ...
Pest (organism)
A pest is any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal, or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products. Worldwide ... "Food body production in Macaranga triloba (Euphorbiaceae): A plant investment in anti-herbivore defense via symbiotic ant ... Rivault, C.; Cloarec, A.; Guyader, A. Le (1993). "Bacterial load of cockroaches in relation to urban environment". Epidemiology ... bacterial or viral infections. Although some insects are polyphagous, many are restricted to one specific crop, or group of ...
Cruciform DNA
In bacterial plasmids, RuvA and RuvB repair DNA damage, and are involved in the recombination process of Holliday junctions. ... Steinmetzer K, Zannis-Hadjopoulos M, Price GB (November 1995). "Anti-cruciform monoclonal antibody and cruciform DNA ... and targeted delivery of anticancer agents to tumorigenic cells by specially constructed cruciform DNA segments has shown ...
Dental health diets for dogs
Chlorhexidine is another example of a non-specific antimicrobial agent. It acts by disrupting bacterial deposition and plaque ... Chemical compounds such as anti-microbial elements are added to some dental diets to directly target the oral cavity in order ... Zinc salts inhibit bacterial growth by binding to sulfur to control plaque formation, as well as reduce foul oral odours. ... Since small and toy breeds have a much smaller jaw but contain the same number of teeth, crowding allows higher bacterial build ...
Mycotoxin
... s can also be removed chemically and biologically using antifungal/anti‐mycotoxins agents and antifungal plant ... By means of enzymes (esterase, de-epoxidase), yeast (Trichosporon mycotoxinvorans), or bacterial strains (Eubacterium BBSH 797 ... In the feed and food industry it has become common practice to add mycotoxin binding agents such as montmorillonite or ... Dimorphic fungi, which include Blastomyces dermatitidis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, are known causative agents of ...
Hospital-acquired infection
More careful use of antimicrobial agents, such as antibiotics, is also considered vital. As many hospital-acquired infections ... Michels, H.T. (2006), Anti-Microbial Characteristics of Copper, ASTM Standardization News, October, pp. 28-31 Wang, Meng; Wei, ... Pollack, Andrew (2010-02-26). "Doctors Struggle to Treat Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections". The New York Times. ISSN 0362- ... U.S. Department of Defense-funded clinical trials, as presented at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and ...
Opportunistic infection
Kong C, Neoh HM, Nathan S (March 2016). "Targeting Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: A Potential form of Anti-Virulence Therapy". ... Mastromarino P, Vitali B, Mosca L (July 2013). "Bacterial vaginosis: a review on clinical trials with probiotics" (PDF). The ... They can be caused by a variety of factors, including: Malnutrition Fatigue Recurrent infections Immunosuppressing agents for ... Mastromarino P, Vitali B, Mosca L (July 2013). "Bacterial vaginosis: a review on clinical trials with probiotics" (PDF). The ...
Feline viral rhinotracheitis
... famciclovir is effective at treating this infection in cats without the side effects reported with other anti-viral agents. ... These usually resolve within four to seven days, but secondary bacterial infections can cause the persistence of clinical signs ... Conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers are treated with topical antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection. Lysine is commonly ... Antibiotics are commonly used to prevent secondary bacterial infection. There are no specific antiviral drugs in common use at ...
Catechol
Chelating agents, Enediols, IARC Group 2B carcinogens, Photographic chemicals, Reducing agents). ... Zheng, L. T.; Ryu, G. M.; Kwon, B. M.; Lee, W. H.; Suk, K. (2008). "Anti-inflammatory effects of catechols in ... "Models for the bacterial iron-transport chelate enterochelin". Nature. 262 (5570): 722-724. Bibcode:1976Natur.262..722A. doi: ... urushiols, the active agent in poison ivy (R = (CH2)14CH3, (CH2)7CH=CHCH2CH=CHCH2CH=CH2, and others) catecholamines, drugs ...
Sortase
Kang HJ, Middleditch M, Proft T, Baker EN (December 2009). "Isopeptide bonds in bacterial pili and their characterization by X- ... Maresso AW, Schneewind O (March 2008). "Sortase as a target of anti-infective therapy". Pharmacological Reviews. 60 (1): 128-41 ... Cossart P, Jonquières R (May 2000). "Sortase, a universal target for therapeutic agents against gram-positive bacteria?". ... Another sub-family of sortases (C60B in MEROPS) contains bacterial sortase B proteins that are approximately 200 residues long ...
Pharmaceutical industry
The top ten best-selling drugs of 2013 totaled $75.6 billion in sales, with the anti-inflammatory drug Humira being the best- ... Agents. 31 (3): 189-92. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.11.010. PMID 18248798. Abraham EP (1987). "Cephalosporins 1945-1986". ... hypothesized that an arsenic-containing dye with similar selective absorption properties could be used to treat bacterial ... Approximately 400 tons of these agents are manufactured each year; this is enough to put approximately 9,000,000 people to ...
Timeline of United States inventions (1890-1945)
1942 Bazooka A bazooka is a shoulder-fired, man-portable recoilless rocket anti-tank warfare weapon that has a solid rocket ... The most commonly used poisonous agent is hydrogen cyanide; carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide have also been used. In an ... 1941 Deodorant Deodorants are substances applied to the body to reduce body odor caused by the bacterial breakdown of ... makes it unavailable for most bacterial growth and slows down most chemical reactions. Clarence Birdseye offered his quick- ...
Methylsulfonylmethane
Moreover, in cases involving topical therapeutics, the role of MSM as an active agent, per se, versus its having a role in ... This is supported by in vitro research showing MSM inhibits over-activation of white blood cells and has an anti-apoptotic ... intestinal bacterial metabolism, and the body's endogenous methanethiol metabolism. Although no medical uses for MSM have been ... Kim, Yoon Hee; Kim, Dae Hwan; Lim, Hwan; Baek, Doo-Yeon; Shin, Hyun-Kyung; Kim, Jin-Kyung (2009). "The anti-inflammatory ...
Center for Biofilm Engineering
The CBE was prominently featured in the book Agents of Change: NSF's Engineering Research Centers, published in 2020 by the NSF ... The standards are the first to apply specifically to bacterial biofilms. The standards are an outgrowth of research by CBE ... A follow-up CBE-hosted meeting on February 11, 2015, in College Park, Maryland, titled "Anti-Biofilm Technologies: Pathways to ... Klapper I, Rupp CJ, Cargo R, Purevdorj B, and Stoodley P (November 5, 2002). "A viscoelastic fluid description of bacterial ...
Browsing EB134 by Subject "Anti-Bacterial Agents"
Browsing WHA70 by Subject "Anti-Bacterial Agents"
Antibacterial Agents - Merck Veterinary Manual
Quercetin diacylglycoside analogues showing dual inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV as novel antibacterial agents
A structure-guided molecular design approach was used to optimize quercetin diacylglycoside analogues that inhibit bacterial ... DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and show potent antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of relevant pathogens ... quercetin diacylglycoside analogues that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and show potent antibacterial ... Quercetin diacylglycoside analogues showing dual inhibition of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV as novel antibacterial agents J ...
Bacterial DRAMA: Dispute Results in an Anti-Microbial Agent • iBiology
These findings have implications for understanding bacterial interactions and the production of anti-microbial agents. ... 00:03:09:23 to antifungals and even anti-tumor agents.. 00:03:12:23 And it turns out that the actinomycetes. 00:03:14:18 are ... 00:04:14:14 What are the ways that it kills a bacterial cell?. 00:04:18:18 So lets start with how I found them.. 00:04:21:07 I ... 00:04:03:01 How did I discover this antibacterial?. 00:04:05:17 Two what is it?. 00:04:06:14 So whats its chemical structure? ...
Diagnosis and Management of Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Spotted Fever Group...
Alternative Antibacterial Agents to Doxycycline. Tetracyclines, including doxycycline, are the only antibacterial agents ... nonrickettsial bacterial sepsis, TTP, idiopathic vasculitides, or viral or bacterial meningoencephalitides (104,129). Despite ... Many classes of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that are used empirically to treat febrile patients, such as beta-lactams, ... Only limited clinical data exist that support the use of antibacterial agents other than doxycycline in the treatment of ...
In vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 12,866 clinical isolates obtained from 72 centers...
The other bacterial species maintained high susceptibility rates of greater than 80%, against FQs. ... Dive into the research topics of In vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 12,866 clinical ... T1 - In vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 12,866 clinical isolates obtained from 72 ... In vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents of 12,866 clinical isolates obtained from 72 centers ...
Dental School Researchers Patent New Antibacterial Agent | Aegis Dental Network
Titanates could also be used in bandages, skin gels, mouthwashes and toothpaste to limit bacterial growth, said Dr. Whasun Oh ... Dental School Researchers Patent New Antibacterial Agent. Posted on Thursday, January 23, 2014. ... who works on this new antibacterial agent. The others are Dr. Daniel Chan and Dr. John Wataha, both professors of restorative ... Metals have long been known to have antibacterial properties, said Whasun Oh Chung, but, when used in concentrations high ...
Cefaprin sodium
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
Cephapirin is a first-generation cephalosporin that has a wide spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Cephapirin is more resistant to beta-lactamases than are the penicillins and so is effective against staphylococci, with the exception of methicillin-resistant staphylococci ...
Anti-Bacterial Agents | Profiles RNS
"Anti-Bacterial Agents" by people in this website by year, and whether "Anti-Bacterial Agents" was a major or minor topic of ... "Anti-Bacterial Agents" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Anti-Bacterial Agents*Anti-Bacterial Agents. *Agents, Anti-Bacterial. *Anti Bacterial Agents ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Anti-Bacterial Agents" by people in Profiles. ...
Results of search for 'su:{Anti-bacterial agents}' › WHO HQ Library catalog
Table 1 - Antibacterial Resistance, Wayampis Amerindians, French Guyana - Volume 10, Number 6-June 2004 - Emerging Infectious...
Antibacterial agents. Frequency of antibacterial exposure in (%). TS (n = 85). YP (n = 55). Z (n = 248). Total (n = 388). p ... aFrequency of antibacterial exposure was calculated by dividing the number of all antibacterial courses during the year ... Antibacterial exposure in 388 Wayampi American Indians from three villages in southern French Guyana during the year preceding ... Antibacterial Resistance, Wayampis Amerindians, French Guyana Karine Grenet*, Didier Guillemot†, Vincent Jarlier‡, Brigitte ...
Current version of study NCT02960503 on ClinicalTrials.gov
Bacterial biosynthesis and maturation of the didemnin anti-cancer agents
... Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(20), ... The anti-neoplastic agent didemnin B from the Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum was the first marine drug to be clinically ... Bacterial production of the tunicate-derived antitumor cyclic depsipeptide didemnin B. * Authors: Tsukimoto M, Nagaoka M, ... Herein we show that the didemnins are bacterial products produced by the marine α-proteobacteria Tistrella mobilis and ...
Role of the gut microbiota in defining human health
Anti-Bacterial Agents Grant support * 5R25GM-059298/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ... Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 Apr;8(4):435-54. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.14. ... Given the ability of the immune response to rapidly counter infectious agents, it is striking that such a large density of ... This is particularly true of the distal gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which houses up to 1000 distinct bacterial species and an ...
ESKAPEing the labyrinth of antibacterial discovery | Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Although some promising agents are in the pipeline, there is an urgent need for new antibiotic scaffolds. However, ... This difficulty ultimately stems from an incomplete understanding of efflux systems and compound permeation through bacterial ... computational modelling and advanced biological tools which may pave the way towards the discovery of new antibacterial agents. ... Tommasi and colleagues describe AstraZenecas experiences in antibacterial drug discovery over the past decade using both ...
Antibiotics: MedlinePlus
... antibiotics can save lives by fighting bacterial infections. Read about how to use antibiotics and about when not to use ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Anti-Bacterial Agents (National Institutes of Health) Journal Articles References and abstracts from ... You may not need to take antibiotics for some bacterial infections. For example, you might not need them for many sinus ... Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making ...
WHO publishes TPPs for needed antibacterial agents - AMR Conference
The global increase in antimicrobial resistance is limiting available treatment options for many bacterial infections, and the ... WHO publishes TPPs for needed antibacterial agents. * 02/09/2019. The WHO has developed several draft target products profiles ... The WHO is therefore developing target products profiles (TPPs) for needed antibacterial agents, providing the public health ... current clinical pipeline for new antibacterial agents is not sufficient to cover future public health needs. ...
FLOXIMOX 400MG FILM COATED TABLETS… broad spectrum antibacterial agent
Moxifloxacin is prescribed to treat bacterial infections such as bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, and pelvic inflammatory ... FLOXIMOX 400MG FILM COATED TABLETS… broad spectrum antibacterial agent. ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE / Fluoroquinolones ... Lebanon agent: Benta pharma industries- Lebanon.. FLOXIMOX 400 mg film coated tablets. Follow all directions given to you by ... antibacterial medicines, including FLOXIMOX tablets, if you have experienced any serious adverse reaction in the past when ...
Topical triple-antibiotic ointment as a novel therapeutic choice in wound management and infection prevention: a practical...
Triple-antibiotic ointment (TAO) is a safe and effective topical agent for preventing infections in minor skin trauma. The ... Triple-antibiotic ointment is a safe and effective topical agent for preventing infections in minor skin trauma and may be an ... Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. Triple-antibiotic ointment (TAO) is a safe and effective topical agent for preventing ... bacterial load, and exuberant granulation tissue formation in bandaged full-thickness equine skin wounds.. *C. Harmon, J. ...
Bacterial Vaginosis | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine
Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Bacterial Agents. Additional Keywords : Significant Treatment Outcome , Superiority of Natural ... Diseases : Bacterial Vaginosis, Osteoporosis. Pharmacological Actions : Anti-Inflammatory Agents, NF-kappaB Inhibitor, ... Diseases : Bacterial Vaginosis, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Yeast Infection: Vaginal. Pharmacological Actions : ... Diseases : Bacterial Infections, Bacterial Vaginosis, Legionnaires disease, Pneumonia, Respiratory Tract Infections, Tobacco ...
Can you treat a UTI without antibiotics? 7 home remedies
producing hydrogen peroxide, a strong antibacterial agent, in urine. *lowering urines pH, making conditions less favorable for ... UTIs are among the most common bacterial infections in the United States. They are especially prevalent in females, around 50% ... may make the urinary tract less favorable for bacteria and produce antibacterial agents. ... Cranberry juice also contains antioxidants, including polyphenols, which have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. ...
Chemistry vs. antibiotics, # 15. Historic antibacterial agents - Bio Based Press
Antibacterial agents have been used all the time. They were discovered long before Fleming. But never recognized as such. ... observed that cultures of Penicillium glaucum tend to prevent bacterial contamination (pencillium glaucum is the mould in blue ... Historic antibacterial agents. 13 May 2021. by Diederik van der Hoeven We always learned that Alexander Fleming discovered ... Old antibacterial agents. There are good reasons to pay attention to such historical examples, and - if so required - revive ...
JoF | Free Full-Text | Candida spp./Bacteria Mixed Biofilms
Davies, D. Understanding biofilm resistance to antibacterial agents. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2003, 2, 114-122. [Google Scholar ... Epidemiology of Bacterial Single Biofilms. It is estimated that approximately 65% of all bacterial infections are associated ... 168]. In order to verify their antimicrobial activity, several agents used to clean facial prostheses were used: Antibacterial ... Depending on the situation, bacterial biofilms can be either beneficial or problematic [9]. Still, bacterial biofilms are ...
Features of anti-mold and anti-bacterial agent GNCE5700-O-20 | Manufacturer in china【Tianshiwax】
Bacterial physiology is a key modulator of the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide - Nanoscale (RSC Publishing)
This study demonstrates that the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) depends on the physiological state of cells for ... Carbon-based nanomaterials have a great potential as novel antibacterial agents; however, their interactions with bacteria are ... Carbon-based nanomaterials have a great potential as novel antibacterial agents; however, their interactions with bacteria are ... Bacterial physiology is a key modulator of the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide H. E. Karahan, L. Wei, K. Goh, Z. Liu, ...
Research Progress on the Animal Models of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Current Status and Further Perspectives
3. Animal Model of DILI Established by Antibacterial Agents. 3.1. Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury Models. Among ... role of neutrophils and bacterial translocation," Journal of Pharmacology Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 319, no. 3, pp. 1191- ... 2. Animal Model of DILI Established by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID). NSAID are one of the most commonly used ... Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immune ...
Françoise Van Bambeke | UCLouvain
Lipoglycopeptide Antibacterial Agents in Gram-Positive Infections: A Comparative Review.. In: Drugs, Vol. 75, no.18, p. 2073- ... The bacterial envelope as a target for novel anti-MRSA antibiotics. In: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Vol. 29, no. 3, p. ... In: Antibiotiques : journal des agents anti-infectieux, Vol. 9, no. 3, p. 189-198 (2007). doi:10.1016/S1294-5501(07)91378-3. ... Dangerous Slimes: How Bacterial Biofilms Make You Sick and How to Combat Them. In: Frontiers for Young Minds, Vol. May, no.8, p ...
Potential Of Garcia Mangostana (Mangosteen) Leaves As An Antibacterial Agent - UiTM Institutional Repository
From the analysis result showed that Garcia Mangostana leaves have a potential act as an anti-bacterial agent. ... Leaves As An Antibacterial Agent. In: International Jasin Multimedia & Computer Science Invention & Innovation Exhibition (3rd ... 1 , 0.2274 mol·L -1 and 0.2296 mol·L -1 . The average zones of antibacterial activities for mangosteen leaves extracted were ...
AntibioticsInfectionsPathogensStrainsAntimicrobial agentsInhibitAntibioticOdorSpeciesColonizationVancomycinVaginalDiseasesOvergrowthBacLockAureusSusceptibilityInfectionToxicityPseudomonasSubstancesCompoundsTherapeuticAcuteStructuralChronicNutrientEfficacySymptomsVitroPatternsExtractsAntiviralChemistryGrowthDiarrheaResistancePolyphenolsTreatmentCompoundTopicalGreatlyCombinationClinicalTherapiesEffectiveIncreasesAntioxidantActivityMicrofiber
Antibiotics9
- Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. (medlineplus.gov)
- Antibiotics only treat certain bacterial infections, such as strep throat, urinary tract infections , and E. coli . (medlineplus.gov)
- You may not need to take antibiotics for some bacterial infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- A combination of lactobacillus reuteri and lactobacillus rhamnosus were helpful in combating bacterial vaginosis using antibiotics. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Due to increased resistance against conventional antibiotics, researchers and pharmaceutical industries are more concerned about novel therapeutic agents for the prevention of bacterial infections. (herbal.guide)
- However, due to the extensive use of antibiotics there is a increased prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria which are making current antimicrobial agents insufficient to control some bacterial diseases. (scialert.net)
- The key issue in the development of novel antimicrobials is a rapid expansion of new bacterial strains resistant to current antibiotics. (colab.ws)
- Multi- drug resistance is a world-wide problem, attributed to the extensive use of antibiotics, selection pressure on bacterial strains and lack of new drugs, vaccines and diagnostic aids. (scialert.net)
- A prospective multicentre randomized placebo-controlled superiority trial in patients with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis after cataract surgery on the adjuvant use of intravitreal dexamethasone to intravitreal antibiotics. (medscape.com)
Infections10
- A structure-guided molecular design approach was used to optimize quercetin diacylglycoside analogues that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and show potent antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of relevant pathogens responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections. (nih.gov)
- The global increase in antimicrobial resistance is limiting available treatment options for many bacterial infections, and the current clinical pipeline for new antibacterial agents is not sufficient to cover future public health needs. (amr-conference.com)
- Triple-antibiotic ointment (TAO) is a safe and effective topical agent for preventing infections in minor skin trauma. (semanticscholar.org)
- UTIs are among the most common bacterial infections in the United States. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- With ancient credentials of potent medicinal plants, various herbal remedies came forward for the management of bacterial infections. (herbal.guide)
- Nickel JC, Costerton JW, McLean RJ, Olson M. Bacterial biofilms: influence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections. (medscape.com)
- To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of clindamycin hydrochloride capsules, USP and other antibacterial drugs, clindamycin hydrochloride capsules, USP should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. (nih.gov)
- Because clindamycin hydrochloride therapy has been associated with severe colitis which may end fatally, it should be reserved for serious infections where less toxic antimicrobial agents are inappropriate, as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section. (nih.gov)
- CONCLUSIONS Bioerodable polyester-polyurethane polymer coatings containing levofloxacin can prevent bacterial colonization of implants in an intra-operative model of device-related infections. (perkinelmer.com)
- Some cold sore medications contain an anti-bacterial to prevent secondary infections. (comixme.net)
Pathogens6
- However, antibacterial researchers have struggled to identify new small molecules with meaningful cellular activity, especially those effective against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. (nature.com)
- This review focuses on the chemical diversity and various mechanisms of action of phytochemicals against bacterial pathogens. (herbal.guide)
- Menses can act as a nutrient base for some bacterial species leading to their overgrowth, but there is no clear evidence that this is associated with pathogens or infection. (nih.gov)
- The antibacterial activity of Withania somnifera was tested on clinically isolated bacterial pathogens, i.e. (scialert.net)
- This study aimed to determine the risk factors and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens associated with neonatal sepsis in Federal Medical Centre (FMC) and Turai Umaru Yar'adua Maternal and Children Hospital (TUYMCH), Katsina, Nigeria. (bvsalud.org)
- Thirty-one (51.7%) neonates were culture positive while 29 (48.3%) were culture negative for bacterial pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
Strains2
- Most of the investigated compounds exhibited pronounced inhibition with MIC values ranging from 0.13 to 128 μg/mL toward the growth of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin sensitive S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), vancomycin intermediate S. aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterial strains. (nih.gov)
- Spot screening of TLC-developed plates indicated that the presence of active biological compounds such as flavonoids , proteins , phenols , alkaloids and glycosides also exhibited strong activity against tested bacterial strains . (bvsalud.org)
Antimicrobial agents2
- Despite the considerable advancements in the development of antimicrobial agents, incidents of epidemics due to multi drug resistance in microorganisms have created a massive hazard to mankind. (herbal.guide)
- Although combination therapy with antimicrobial agents is often used, no available method explains or predicts the efficacies of these combinations satisfactorily. (eur.nl)
Inhibit4
- The ideal treatment for people with SIBOS is to reduce the bacterial population in the small intestine and inhibit growth for 3 to 4 hours while food is broken down and absorbed in the small intestine. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
- The agent is solely designed to inhibit bacterial odor, mold and/or mildew growth within the product. (norwex.biz)
- Includes BacLock®* antibacterial agent to help inhibit bacterial odor, mold and/or mildew growth within the towel. (norwex.biz)
- BacLock ® **-our micro silver antibacterial agent-goes to work to self-purify and inhibit bacterial odors, offering continuous protection against mold and mildew growth within the cloth. (norwex.biz)
Antibiotic3
- Three new antimicrobial therapies have been developed that may provide new strategies for the therapeutic intervention of extremely antibiotic resistant bacterial species. (semanticscholar.org)
- Although some promising agents are in the pipeline, there is an urgent need for new antibiotic scaffolds. (nature.com)
- MinION nanopore sequencing identifies the position and structure of bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants in a multidrug-resistant strain of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli. (cdc.gov)
Odor3
- BacLock*, the micro silver agent in the EnviroSleeve, goes to work with self-purification properties against mold, fungi and bacterial odor within 24 hours so that it is ready to use again. (norwex.biz)
- The Erbaviva Jasmine & Grapefruit Organic Deodorant Trio Pack includes two full size deodorants and a travel size made with the purest natural and organic ingredients offering a fragrant and effective mist of safe and pure bacterial and odor protection. (erbaviva.com)
- Kills 99.9% of bacterial, inhibits bacterial and mold reproduction, eliminates odor, Long-lasting personal and environmental protection against bacterial and viral. (natures-glory.com)
Species4
- The other bacterial species maintained high susceptibility rates of greater than 80%, against FQs. (elsevier.com)
- This is particularly true of the distal gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which houses up to 1000 distinct bacterial species and an estimated excess of 1 x 10(14) microorganisms. (nih.gov)
- This study is designed to isolate phytoconstituent 3, 4, 4a, 5, 8, 8a-hexahydro-6-methylisochromen-1-one (HMIC) from leaves extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis and test the antibacterial activity against different pathogenic bacteria l species and in silico glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlcN-6-P) inhibition property of the HMIC. (scialert.net)
- Majority of medicinal plant species are rich in biomolecule contents which can cope with health hazards and recently, antibacterial activity of many plant species have been reported Pandey and Mishra (2010) . (scialert.net)
Colonization1
- The function of vaginal bacterial colonization is not clear. (nih.gov)
Vancomycin2
- Recent consensus guidelines recommend clinicians consider using alternative agents such as daptomycin for MRSA infection when the vancomycin MIC is greater than 1 ug/ml. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Raju B, Bali T, Thiagarajan G, Rao V, Das T, Sharma S. Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of the precipitate of vancomycin and ceftazidime: implications in the management of endophthalmitis. (medscape.com)
Vaginal1
- Berberine exhibits antioxidative effects and reduces apoptosis of the vaginal epithelium in bacterial vaginosis. (greenmedinfo.com)
Diseases1
- Tickborne rickettsial diseases continue to cause severe illness and death in otherwise healthy adults and children, despite the availability of low-cost, effective antibacterial therapy. (cdc.gov)
Overgrowth2
- Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBOS) is a common problem for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
- 105 per mL and progressively invade and conquer the local small intestinal environment, a number of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms present themselves, which is known as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome (SIBOS). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
BacLock4
- Contains BacLock®, an antibacterial agent for self-cleansing purposes only. (norwex.biz)
- Constructed of super-soft Norwex antibacterial Microfiber containing our exclusive BacLock® agent. (norwex.biz)
- Bottle Brush comes with one extra-soft EnviroSleeve, containing Norwex's exclusive BacLock®* agent. (norwex.biz)
- Contains BacLock®, our exclusive antibacterial agent for selfcleansing purposes only. (norwex.biz)
Aureus1
- The phytoconstituent HMIC showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa where as it showed moderate activity on Staphyllococcus aureus of the bacterial growth. (scialert.net)
Susceptibility1
- The present survey was performed to investigate in vitro susceptibility of recent clinical isolates in Japan to 30 selected antibacterial agents, focusing on fluoroquinolones (FQs). (elsevier.com)
Infection1
- ISAP can be used almost anywhere, greatly reducing the possibility of bacterial infection. (natures-glory.com)
Toxicity1
- Further studies are necessary to determine the toxicity, side effects, circulating levels, pharmacokinetic properties, diffusion in different body sites and the mechanism involved with the antibacterial activity of HMIC. (scialert.net)
Pseudomonas1
- Twenty-four-hour efficacy data (numbers of CFU) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neutropenic mouse thigh model were determined for various combination regimens: ticarcillin-tobramycin (n = 41 different regimens), ceftazidime-netilmicin (n = 60), ciprofloxacin-ceftazidime (n = 59), netilmicin-ciprofloxacin (n = 38) and for each of these agents given singly. (eur.nl)
Substances1
- From the 500 river basin-specific pollutants investigated, triclosan (normally used as an anti-bacterial agent) ranked sixth as one of the most particularly harmful substances in Europe. (ufz.de)
Compounds2
- Figure 1: Mean LogD values for internal AstraZeneca antibacterial project compounds and for exemplar hits from other disease areas. (nature.com)
- This approach permitted us to quickly and robustly evaluate a lot of compounds as well as to determine the mechanism of action in the case of compounds being either translational machinery inhibitors or DNA-damaging agents/replication blockers. (colab.ws)
Therapeutic4
- The WHO is therefore developing target products profiles (TPPs) for needed antibacterial agents, providing the public health perspective to funders and developers on the performance and operational characteristics desired of new needed therapeutic products. (amr-conference.com)
- The Ayurvedic approach facilitates the development of new therapeutic agents due to structural and functional diversity among phytochemicals. (herbal.guide)
- Considering the antibacterial activity , this could offer a scientific basis for the therapeutic potency of Stachytarpheta cayennensis used in traditional medicine. (scialert.net)
- Stachytarpheta cayennensis belongs to the family Verbenaceae, commonly known as 'Kaadu uttaraani' is an important plant having therapeutic value, they have been shown to possess immune boosting activity 1 , antiulcer activity 2 , antidiarrheal activity 3 , anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity 4 , antipyretic and hepatoprotective activity 5 - 7 . (scialert.net)
Acute1
- By way of background, shigellosis is an important cause of domestically acquired and travel- associated acute bacterial diarrhea. (cdc.gov)
Structural2
Chronic1
- Chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. (medscape.com)
Nutrient1
- The bacterial plates were prepared by nutrient agar. (scialert.net)
Efficacy3
- Adding Berberis vulgaris fruit extract on metronidazole improve the efficacy of bacterial vaginosis therapy. (greenmedinfo.com)
- For the combination regimens, regression analysis showed that efficacy could best be explained by the combination of the two PDIs that each best explained the response for the respective agents given singly. (eur.nl)
- A regression model for the efficacy of combination therapy was developed by use of a linear combination of the regression models of the PDI with the highest R(2) for each agent given singly. (eur.nl)
Symptoms2
- Additional intake of yoghurt containing probiotics improved the recovery rate and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Jing jie) Chinese herb, called "Jing Jie" used as an antiviral and antibacterial agent to treat the symptoms related to the common cold including chills, sore throat and headache. (richters.com)
Vitro1
- In vitro antibacterial and non-stick activity of extracts from leaves of Psidium guineense Sw. (bvsalud.org)
Patterns1
- Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis. (medscape.com)
Extracts5
- Assessment of Bioautography and Spot Screening of TLC of Green Tea (Camellia) Plant Extracts as Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agents. (bvsalud.org)
- The present aim of study is to detect the antibacterial property in the extracts of Withania somnifera . (scialert.net)
- Different solvents as ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, hexane (from higher polarity to lower polarity) extracts was used for the study of antibacterial activity , by agar well diffusion method. (scialert.net)
- Zone of inhibition was measured around the wells to check the antibacterial activity of extracts. (scialert.net)
- further studies are needed to confirm these extracts to be natural antibacterial agents for use in controlling dental caries. (bvsalud.org)
Antiviral1
- Being an antiviral agent, polyphenols help avoid the enzymes that accommodate viruses to grow in the cells. (coffeezoid.com)
Chemistry1
- This Opinion article describes findings from target-based and phenotypic screening efforts carried out at AstraZeneca over the past decade, discusses some of the subsequent chemistry challenges and concludes with a description of new approaches comprising a combination of computational modelling and advanced biological tools which may pave the way towards the discovery of new antibacterial agents. (nature.com)
Growth2
- In the 1870s, Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson in London observed that culture fluid covered with mould would produce no bacterial growth. (biobasedpress.eu)
- Cellulose fibres modified by different cationic polyelectrolytes including PDADMAC, PAH, PVAm as either monolayer or multilayer assembled with PAA using LbL deposition have shown more than 99.99 % bacterial removal as well as the inhibition of bacterial growth. (kth.se)
Diarrhea1
- Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including clindamycin hydrochloride and may range in severity from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. (nih.gov)
Resistance2
- Particularly in order to overcome resistance, the problem that 100 years of use of antibacterial agents have demonstrated to us so clearly. (biobasedpress.eu)
- This approach is able not only to effectively control the spreading of bacteria but also to minimize bacterial resistance as well as the environmental impact. (kth.se)
Polyphenols1
- Flavonoids and polyphenols present in cocoa possess anti-depressant-like effect. (medindia.net)
Treatment6
- Adding M. communis extract to metronidazole increases the efficiency of bacterial vaginosis treatment. (greenmedinfo.com)
- C. officinalis was effective for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in women of reproductive age, without any side effects. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Adjuncts to treatment include sunshine, moisturizers, and salicylic acid as a scale-removing agent. (medscape.com)
- Recommendations from a 2013 international consensus report on treatment optimization and transitioning for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis include methotrexate and cyclosporine, biologic agents, and combination therapy. (medscape.com)
- Has been recently studied as an effective treatment against human noroviruses, the causative agents of non-bacterial gastroenteritis, in which no effective antivirals have yet been developed. (richters.com)
- They are widely used in medical, water purification, skin care and antibacterial treatment. (natures-glory.com)
Compound2
- So far, this compound can be regarded as a leading antibacterial agent. (nih.gov)
- This difficulty ultimately stems from an incomplete understanding of efflux systems and compound permeation through bacterial membranes. (nature.com)
Topical4
- Retapamulin, a novel topical antibacterial agent, will probably replace the use of the old mupirocin and fusidic acid in the management of acne and atopic dermatitis. (semanticscholar.org)
- Effects of topical application of silver sulfadiazine cream, triple antimicrobial ointment, or hyperosmolar nanoemulsion on wound healing, bacterial load, and exuberant granulation tissue formation in bandaged full-thickness equine skin wounds. (semanticscholar.org)
- These agents are indicated for topical application to hold closed easily approximated skin edges of wounds. (medscape.com)
- Prescription anti-virals, both the oral versions and the topical salves, have been a dismal failure for the most part. (comixme.net)
Greatly1
- Some contain numbing agents that greatly reduce your pain. (comixme.net)
Combination1
- We conclude that the PDIs for the individual drugs used in this study are class dependent and predictive of outcome not only when the drugs are given as single agents but also when they are given in combination. (eur.nl)
Clinical2
- Recognition early in the clinical course is critical because this is the period when antibacterial therapy is most effective. (cdc.gov)
- In the MOSAIC study, which compared moxifloxacin with a basket of comparators (amoxicillin, clarithromycin or cefuroxime), moxifloxacin resulted in superior clinical cure rates overall, as well as higher bacteriological success rates in patients with a confirmed bacterial pathogen. (pharmacily.com)
Therapies1
- The model values for the single-agent therapies were then used in that equation, and the predicted values that were obtained were compared with the experimental values. (eur.nl)
Effective1
- ISAP (Silver Aloe Protection) are natural, safe, highly effective antibacterial agents. (natures-glory.com)
Increases1
- All these techniques reveal that inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in the concentration of antibacterial agent. (jocpr.com)
Antioxidant2
- Withania somnifera has been used as an antioxidant, adaptogen, aphrodisiac, liver tonic, anti-inflammatory agent and astringent and more recently as an antibacterial, antihyperplycemic and antitumoral, as well as to treat ulcers and senile dementia ( Rastogi and Mehrotra, 1998 ). (scialert.net)
- Good for health - Loose leaf tea contains antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. (coffeezoid.com)
Activity6
- Dipropofol has a strong antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. (elsevier.com)
- This study demonstrates that the antibacterial activity of graphene oxide (GO) depends on the physiological state of cells for both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. (rsc.org)
- The antibacterial activity of HMIC was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the agar-well diffusion method and automated docking was used to determine the orientation of inhibitors bound in the active site of GlcN-6-P synthase employing AutoDock 3.0. (scialert.net)
- In particular, 1) the improvement of the release of oxygen in the peripheral tissues, 2) the anti-inflammatory action 3) a virucidal activity have been described. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- We found, that the unsubstituted carboxylic group is crucial for antibacterial activity as well as the presence of bulky hydrophobic substituents at phenyl fragment. (colab.ws)
- Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited antibacterial activity (MIC, more than 800 microg/mL versus 0.125 microg/mL for ampicillin) after it was tested against 6 Gram(+) bacteria and 8 Gram(-) bacteria. (unboundmedicine.com)
Microfiber1
- The luxurious, lightweight, antibacterial microfiber is quite possibly the softest fabric your skin will ever touch. (norwex.biz)