AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CarePublication Characteristics
Anthrax VaccinesAnthraxBacillus anthracisBioterrorismAntitoxinsBacterial ToxinsAntigens, BacterialVaccinesBiological WarfareAntibodies, BacterialVaccines, SyntheticPost-Exposure ProphylaxisVaccines, InactivatedVaccinationSpores, BacterialViral VaccinesAntibodies, NeutralizingVaccines, DNAVaccines, CombinedBacterial VaccinesAdministration, IntranasalImmunoglobulin GNeutralization TestsAIDS VaccinesInjections, IntramuscularAdjuvants, ImmunologicVaccines, SubunitVaccines, ConjugateMilitary PersonnelAntibiotic ProphylaxisMalaria VaccinesRabbitsPapillomavirus VaccinesMeningococcal VaccinesMice, Inbred BALB CEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHepatitis B VaccinesMeasles VaccineSarinGuinea PigsDocumentaries and Factual FilmsInformation CentersCompensation and RedressNational Health Planning Information Center (U.S.)Poison Control CentersNanospheresUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationInjections, SubcutaneousInjections, IntraperitonealDrug ApprovalPersian Gulf SyndromeGulf WarVeterans
Anthrax Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.
Anthrax
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.
Bacillus anthracis
A species of bacteria that causes ANTHRAX in humans and animals.
Bioterrorism
The use of biological agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of BACTERIA; VIRUSES; or other BIOLOGICAL TOXINS against people, ANIMALS; or PLANTS.
Antitoxins
Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.
Bacterial Toxins
Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.
Antigens, Bacterial
Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.
Vaccines
Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.
Biological Warfare
Warfare involving the use of living organisms or their products as disease etiologic agents against people, animals, or plants.
Antibodies, Bacterial
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.
Vaccines, Synthetic
Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
The prevention of infection or disease following exposure to a pathogen.
Vaccines, Inactivated
Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.
Vaccination
Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.
Spores, Bacterial
Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.
Viral Vaccines
Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies that reduce or abolish some biological activity of a soluble antigen or infectious agent, usually a virus.
Vaccines, DNA
Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.
Vaccines, Combined
Two or more vaccines in a single dosage form.
Bacterial Vaccines
Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.
Administration, Intranasal
Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.
Immunoglobulin G
The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.
Neutralization Tests
The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).
AIDS Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.
Injections, Intramuscular
Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.
Vaccines, Subunit
Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.
Vaccines, Conjugate
Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.
Military Personnel
Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications.
Malaria Vaccines
Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Papillomavirus Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS. Human vaccines are intended to reduce the incidence of UTERINE CERVICAL NEOPLASMS, so they are sometimes considered a type of CANCER VACCINES. They are often composed of CAPSID PROTEINS, especially L1 protein, from various types of ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS.
Meningococcal Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Hepatitis B Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.
Measles Vaccine
A live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had measles or been immunized with live measles vaccine and have no serum antibodies against measles. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Sarin
An organophosphorus ester compound that produces potent and irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. It is toxic to the nervous system and is a chemical warfare agent.
Guinea Pigs
A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.
Documentaries and Factual Films
Information Centers
Facilities for collecting and organizing information. They may be specialized by subject field, type of source material, persons served, location, or type of services.
Compensation and Redress
Payment, or other means of making amends, for a wrong or injury.
National Health Planning Information Center (U.S.)
A center in the HEALTH RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION Division of Planning Methods and Technology which provides access to current information on health planning and resources development.
Poison Control Centers
Facilities which provide information concerning poisons and treatment of poisoning in emergencies.
Nanospheres
Spherical particles of nanometer dimensions.
United States Food and Drug Administration
An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
Injections, Subcutaneous
Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.
Drug Approval
Process that is gone through in order for a drug to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required pre-clinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance of the drug.
Persian Gulf Syndrome
Unexplained symptoms reported by veterans of the Persian Gulf War with Iraq in 1991. The symptoms reported include fatigue, skin rash, muscle and joint pain, headaches, loss of memory, shortness of breath, gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms, and extreme sensitivity to commonly occurring chemicals. (Nature 1994 May 5;369(6475):8)
Gulf War
United Nations' action to intervene in conflict between the nation of Kuwait and occupying Iraqi forces, occurring from 1990 through 1991.
Veterans
Former members of the armed services.

Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States. (1/196)

These recommendations concern the use of aluminum hydroxide adsorbed cell-free anthrax vaccine (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed [AVA], BioPort Corporation, Lansing, MI) in the United States for protection against disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. In addition, information is included regarding the use of chemoprophylaxis against B. anthracis.  (+info)

The role of antibodies to Bacillus anthracis and anthrax toxin components in inhibiting the early stages of infection by anthrax spores. (2/196)

Vaccines which are efficacious against anthrax, such as the human vaccine, Anthrax Vaccine Absorbed (AVA), contain the protective antigen (PA) component of the anthrax toxins as the major protective immunogen. Although AVA protects against inhalational anthrax, the immune responses to and role in protection of PA and possibly other antigens have yet to be fully elucidated. Sera from animals immunized with a toxin-producing, unencapsulated live vaccine strain of Bacillus anthracis have been reported to have anti-spore activities associated with the antitoxin humoral response. The authors performed studies to determine whether anti-PA antibody (Ab)-containing preparations stimulated spore uptake by phagocytes and suppressed the germination of spores in vitro. AVA- and PA-immune sera from several species enhanced the phagocytosis by murine peritoneal macrophages of spores of the virulent Ames and the Sterne vaccine strains. Antitoxin Abs appeared to contribute significantly, although not solely, to the enhanced uptake. Rabbit antisera to PA purified from either Sterne or a PA-producing pX01-cured recombinant, affinity-purified anti-PA IgG, and monkey antisera to AVA were used to assess the role of anti-PA ABS: Rabbit anti-PA Abs promoted the uptake of spores of the PA-producing strains Sterne, Ames and RP42, a mutant of Sterne producing only PA, but not of the pX01-Sterne-1 strain, Ames strain, or RP4, a mutant of Sterne with deletions in the loci encoding PA and the oedema factor (EF) toxin component and producing only the lethal factor toxin component. Rabbit anti-PA and monkey anti-AVA Abs also significantly inhibited spore germination in vitro compared to preimmune serum or medium. Spore-associated proteins recognized by anti-PA Abs were detected by electron microscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting of spore coat extracts. Thus, the anti-PA Ab-specific immunity induced by AVA has anti-spore activity and might have a role in impeding the early stages of infection with B. anthracis spores.  (+info)

Protection against anthrax lethal toxin challenge by genetic immunization with a plasmid encoding the lethal factor protein. (3/196)

The ability of genetic vaccination to protect against a lethal challenge of anthrax toxin was evaluated. BALB/c mice were immunized via gene gun inoculation with eucaryotic expression vector plasmids encoding either a fragment of the protective antigen (PA) or a fragment of lethal factor (LF). Plasmid pCLF4 contains the N-terminal region (amino acids [aa] 10 to 254) of Bacillus anthracis LF cloned into the pCI expression plasmid. Plasmid pCPA contains a biologically active portion (aa 175 to 764) of B. anthracis PA cloned into the pCI expression vector. One-micrometer-diameter gold particles were coated with plasmid pCLF4 or pCPA or a 1:1 mixture of both and injected into mice via gene gun (1 microg of plasmid DNA/injection) three times at 2-week intervals. Sera were collected and analyzed for antibody titer as well as antibody isotype. Significantly, titers of antibody to both PA and LF from mice immunized with the combination of pCPA and pCLF4 were four to five times greater than titers from mice immunized with either gene alone. Two weeks following the third and final plasmid DNA boost, all mice were challenged with 5 50% lethal doses of lethal toxin (PA plus LF) injected intravenously into the tail vein. All mice immunized with pCLF4, pCPA, or the combination of both survived the challenge, whereas all unimmunized mice did not survive. These results demonstrate that DNA-based immunization alone can provide protection against a lethal toxin challenge and that DNA immunization against the LF antigen alone provides complete protection.  (+info)

Efficiency of protection of guinea pigs against infection with Bacillus anthracis spores by passive immunization. (4/196)

The efficacy of passive immunization as a postexposure prophylactic measure for treatment of guinea pigs intranasally infected with Bacillus anthracis spores was evaluated. Antisera directed either against the lethal toxin components (PA or LF) or against a toxinogenic strain (Sterne) were used for this evaluation. All antisera exhibited high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers against the corresponding antigens, high titers of neutralization of cytotoxicity activity in an in vitro mouse macrophages cell line (J774A.1), as well as in vivo neutralization of toxicity when administered either directly to Fisher rats prior to challenge with the lethal toxin or after incubation with the lethal toxin. In these tests, anti-LF antiserum exhibited the highest neutralization efficiency, followed by anti-Sterne and anti-PA. The time dependence and antibody dose necessary for conferring postexposure protection by the various antibodies of guinea pigs infected with 25 50% lethal doses of Vollum spores was examined. Rabbit anti-PA serum was found to be the most effective. Intraperitoneal injections of anti-PA serum given 24 h postinfection protected 90% of the infected animals, whereas anti-Sterne and anti-LF were less effective. These results further emphasizes the importance of anti-PA antibodies in conferring protection against B. anthracis infection and demonstrated the ability of such antibodies to be effectively applied as an efficient postexposure treatment against anthrax disease.  (+info)

Anthrax spores make an essential contribution to vaccine efficacy. (5/196)

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. Septicemia and toxemia rapidly lead to death in infected mammal hosts. Currently used acellular vaccines against anthrax consist of protective antigen (PA), one of the anthrax toxin components. However, in experimental animals such vaccines are less protective than live attenuated strains. Here we demonstrate that the addition of formaldehyde-inactivated spores (FIS) of B. anthracis to PA elicits total protection against challenge with virulent B. anthracis strains in mice and guinea pigs. The toxin-neutralizing activities of sera from mice immunized with PA alone or PA plus FIS were similar, suggesting that the protection conferred by PA plus FIS was not only a consequence of the humoral response to PA. A PA-deficient challenge strain was constructed, and its virulence was due solely to its multiplication. Immunization with FIS alone was sufficient to protect mice partially, and guinea pigs totally, against infection with this strain. This suggests that spore antigens contribute to protection. Guinea pigs and mice had very different susceptibilities to infection with the nontoxigenic strain, highlighting the importance of verifying the pertinence of animal models for evaluating anthrax vaccines.  (+info)

A recombinant carboxy-terminal domain of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis protects mice against anthrax infection. (6/196)

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of overlapping regions of the protective antigen (PA) polypeptide, cloned and expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, have been assessed. Results show that protection can be attributed to individual domains and imply that it is domain 4 which contains the dominant protective epitopes of PA.  (+info)

Mucosal or parenteral administration of microsphere-associated Bacillus anthracis protective antigen protects against anthrax infection in mice. (7/196)

Existing licensed anthrax vaccines are administered parenterally and require multiple doses to induce protective immunity. This requires trained personnel and is not the optimum route for stimulating a mucosal immune response. Microencapsulation of vaccine antigens offers a number of advantages over traditional vaccine formulations, including stability without refrigeration and the potential for utilizing less invasive routes of administration. Recombinant protective antigen (rPA), the dominant antigen for protection against anthrax infection, was encapsulated in poly-L-lactide 100-kDa microspheres. Alternatively, rPA was loosely attached to the surfaces of microspheres by lyophilization. All of the microspheric formulations were administered to A/J mice with a two-dose schedule by either the intramuscular route, the intranasal route, or a combination of these two routes, and immunogenicity and protective efficacy were assessed. An intramuscular priming immunization followed by either an intramuscular or intranasal boost gave optimum anti-rPA immunoglobulin G titers. Despite differences in rPA-specific antibody titers, all immunized mice survived an injected challenge consisting of 10(3) median lethal doses of Bacillus anthracis STI spores. Immunization with microencapsulated and microsphere-associated formulations of rPA also protected against aerosol challenge with 30 median lethal doses of STI spores. These results show that rPA can be encapsulated and surface bound to polymeric microspheres without impairing its immunogenicity and also that mucosal or parenteral administration of microspheric formulations of rPA efficiently protects mice against both injected and aerosol challenges with B. anthracis spores. Microspheric formulations of rPA could represent the next generation of anthrax vaccines, which could require fewer doses because they are more potent, are less reactogenic than currently available human anthrax vaccines, and could be self-administered without injection.  (+info)

The Anthrax Vaccine Program: an analysis of the CDC's recommendations for vaccine use. (8/196)

The anthrax vaccine was never proved to be safe and effective. It is one cause of Gulf War illnesses, and recent vaccinees report symptoms resembling Gulf War illnesses. The vaccine's production has been substandard. Without adequate evaluation, the Food and Drug Administration recently approved (retrospectively) significant changes made to the vaccine's composition since 1990. The vaccine's mandatory use for inhalation anthrax is "off-label." A skewed review of the vaccine literature by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) led to remunerative collaborative research with the army, involving civilian volunteers. Despite acknowledging possible fetal harm, the CDC offered the vaccine to children and pregnant women. New trends could weaken prelicensure efficacy and safety review of medical products intended for biodefense and avoid manufacturer liability for their use.  (+info)

Anthrax VaccineAnthrax Vaccine
The only known effective pre-exposure prevention against anthrax is the anthrax vaccine. The vaccine was developed from an attenuated strain of B. anthracis. The vaccine derives from the cell-free culture filtrate of this strain and, in its final formulation, is adsorbed onto an aluminum salt. A well controlled clinical trial using an anthrax vaccine similar to the licensed anthrax vaccine was conducted in U.S. mill workers processing imported animal hair. During the trial, 26 cases of anthrax were reported at the mills - five inhalation and 21 cutaneous cases. Of the five inhalation cases, two individuals had received the placebo, while three individuals were in the observational group. Four of the five people who developed inhalation anthrax died. No cases of inhalation anthrax occurred in anthrax vaccine recipients. Based upon a comparison between the anthrax vaccine and placebo recipients, the authors calculated a vaccine efficacy level of 92.5 percent ...
http://cancernewsnetwork.org/vaccines/Anthrax_Vaccine.html
Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Anthrax Vaccine Compared With Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed - Full Text View ...Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Anthrax Vaccine Compared With Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed - Full Text View ...
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease, occurring in wild and domestic mammals, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis). Anthrax occurs in humans when they are exposed to infected animals, tissue from infected animals or when they are directly exposed to B. anthracis or its spores. Depending on the route of infection, anthrax disease can occur in three forms: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation. In the United States of America (USA), the annual incidence of human anthrax has declined from approximately 130 cases annually in the early 1900s to no cases during 1999 to 2000. However, in the USA, shortly after September 11th, 2001, there were 22 cases (18 confirmed) of inhaled and cutaneous anthrax infection that were related to contaminated mail. The development of a new anthrax vaccine is necessary because the current AVA vaccine requires the growth of B. anthracis in its manufacturing process and has a complex administration regimen of six administrators of vaccine ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00170469
3 Anthrax Vaccine Efficacy | The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? | The National Academies Press3 Anthrax Vaccine Efficacy | The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? | The National Academies Press
Read chapter 3 Anthrax Vaccine Efficacy: The vaccine used to protect humans against the anthrax disease, called Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), was licens...
https://www.nap.edu/read/10310/chapter/5
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: USG gives contract to anthrax vaccine manufacturer to develop an Ebola drug/...Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: USG gives contract to anthrax vaccine manufacturer to develop an Ebola drug/...
But Emergent BioSolutions, the anthrax vaccine manufacturer, has understandably high hopes and great expectations. The company has been repeatedly smiled upon by the US government, earning billions of dollars for anthrax vaccine itself, for testing the vaccine, for developing new vaccines, for storing the vaccine, and for promises. Now the company is making another promise, to produce drugs for Ebola. You see, the company gets paid for the promise to try and develop such a product. The company will earn considerably more if a product actually emerges and is manufactured. But so far, all the other products EBS was paid to develop have not panned out ...
http://anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com/2015/07/us-government-pays-anthrax-vaccine.html
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: May 2007Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: May 2007
PURPOSE: In the 1960s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held the investigational new drug (IND) application for the anthrax vaccine and collected short-term safety data from approximately 16,000 doses administered to almost 7000 individuals. While some recent anthrax vaccine safety studies have suggested that women experience more injection site reactions (ISRs), to our knowledge the IND safety data were not previously examined for a gender-specific difference. METHODS: We identified and analyzed a subset of the IND study data representing a total of 1749 persons who received 3592 doses from 1967 to 1972. Original data collection forms were located and information extracted, including: vaccine recipients name, age at vaccination, gender, dose number, date of vaccination, lot number, grading of ISR, presence and type of systemic reactions. Overall and gender-specific rates for adverse reactions to anthrax vaccine were calculated and we performed a multivariable analysis. ...
http://anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com.es/2007/05/
HHS announces contracts for developing a new anthrax vaccine | EurekAlert! Science NewsHHS announces contracts for developing a new anthrax vaccine | EurekAlert! Science News
HHS Secretary Tommy G. Thompson today announced that NIAID has awarded two companies contracts designed to spur development of a new anthrax vaccine. The two contracts total $22.5 million through Fiscal Year 2003.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-10/nioa-hac100302.php
Vaccine Awakening: Pentagon Wont Stop Forcing Anthrax VaccineVaccine Awakening: Pentagon Wont Stop Forcing Anthrax Vaccine
But as recently as this spring, the Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, said questions remain about the vaccine. The long term safety of the licensed vaccine has not been studied, the agency said in a May 9 report. . . . Also, there is some evidence that the current anthrax vaccine may have diminished efficacy against certain virulent strains of anthrax. Barbara Loe Fisher, president of the National Vaccine Information Center, said her nonprofit advocacy group is adding more information to its Web site about the research and development of biological defense vaccines. The DOD has a moral duty to fully disclose anthrax vaccine risks, as well as benefits, to soldiers and allow them to make an informed, voluntary decision, she said in a statement - Christopher Lee, Washington Post, October 17, 2006 Mandatory Anthrax Shots to Return ...
http://vaccineawakening.blogspot.com/2006/11/pentagon-wont-stop-forcing-anthrax.html
The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? : Health and Medicine DivisionThe Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? : Health and Medicine Division
Use of the Anthrax Vaccine Absorbed (AVA) expanded in 1991, when the U.S. military, concerned that Iraq possessed anthrax bioweapons, administered the vaccine. As more service members were vaccinated, however, some of them raised concerns about the safety and efficacy of AVA, and some also suggested a possible link between AVA vaccination and the illnesses experienced by some veterans. In October 2000, the IOM convened the Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine to evaluate these difficult issues.
http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/reports/2002/The-Anthrax-Vaccine-Is-It-Safe-Does-It-Work.aspx
Statement on anthrax vaccine safetyStatement on anthrax vaccine safety
Dr. Kwai Chan testified on 29 April 1999, Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee:. We are pleased to be here today to discuss the results of our ongoing examination of the safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine, which is being done at your request. My testimony presents preliminary findings on (1) the short- and long-term safety of the vaccine, (2) the efficacy of the vaccine, and (3) problems the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found in the vaccine production facility in Michigan that could compromise the safety, efficacy, and quality of the vaccine. We plan to issue the final report on our review this fall.. As you know, concerns have been raised about the Department of Defense s (DOD) anthrax immunization program since the Department began vaccinating the first of 2.4 million active duty and reserve members. For example, some Gulf War veterans are suffering from unexplained illnesses that they believe might have been caused by anthrax vaccines that they received during the war. ...
http://www.whale.to/vaccines/anthrax2.html
The role of HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes in variable antibody responses to Anthrax Vaccine AdsorbedThe role of HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes in variable antibody responses to Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed
Host genetic variation, particularly within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci, reportedly mediates heterogeneity in immune response to certain vaccines; however, no large study of genetic determinants of anthrax vaccine response has been described. We searched for associations between the immunoglobulin G antibody to protective antigen (AbPA) response to Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) in humans, and polymorphisms at HLA class I (HLA-A,-B, and-C) and class II (HLA-DRB1,-DQA1,-DQB1,-DPB1) loci. The study included 794 European-Americans and 200 African-Americans participating in a 43-month, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial of AVA (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00119067). Among European-Americans, genes from tightly linked HLA-DRB1,-DQA1,-DQB1 haplotypes displayed significant overall associations with longitudinal variation in AbPA levels at 4, 8, 26 and 30 weeks from baseline in response to vaccination with three or four doses of AVA (global P6.53 × 10 4). In particular, ...
http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub724073
Obama Administration Seeks to Test Anthrax Vaccine in Children - SaneVax, Inc.Obama Administration Seeks to Test Anthrax Vaccine in Children - SaneVax, Inc.
AHRP) Whose children will be sacrificed in an illegal and unethical experiment in the name of Biodefense Preparedness? According to BioPrepWatch.com , the Obama administration is seeking to obtain a green light to conduct an anthrax vaccine safety experiment on US children. The stated rationale for such a trial, articulated by Dr. Nicole Lurie, US Dept. of Health and Human Services, is that there are no data about the safety of exposing children to the anthrax vaccine. And if an emergency arises, a trial would present an array of logistical, clinical and communication challenges during a public health crisis.. No child would benefit from exposure to a vaccine that has generated thousands of adverse event reports-including deaths-in adults.. Current law allows the FDA to issue an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for protections against biological, chemical, radiological, and nuclear agents that may be used to attack the American people. The FDA Commissioner may allow countermeasures to be ...
http://sanevax.org/obama-administration-seeks-to-test-anthrax-vaccine-in-children/
Vaccine Awakening: Forced Anthrax Vaccine Crippling SoldiersVaccine Awakening: Forced Anthrax Vaccine Crippling Soldiers
The Pentagon is reviving its mandatory anthrax vaccinations despite allegations that the shots have contributed to as many as 23 deaths and sickened hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of soldiers....The Pentagon has been rocked by criticism that it has failed to adequately track whether the shots have caused diseases. Indeed, as occurred with Francis, many soldiers are injected with several vaccines on the same day, making it harder to identify the cause of illnesses....Col. Randall Anderson, who runs the Military Vaccine Agency, said the Pentagon believes health risks from the anthrax vaccine are equal to those of other vaccines that cause illnesses in only a tiny percentage of those vaccinated.....Numerous public health experts believe BioThrax causes a range of problems, particularly among women and people prone to autoimmune diseases. They list Guillain-Barre, which can kill or paralyze; other neurological disorders; diabetes; arthritis; chronic fatigue syndrome; chronic muscle and joint ...
http://vaccineawakening.blogspot.com/2006/12/pentagon-is-reviving-its-mandatory.html
BIOTHRAX (Anthrax vaccine) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR - ONABIOTHRAX (Anthrax vaccine) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR - ONA
BIOTHRAX (Anthrax vaccine) drug information & product resources from MPR including dosage information, educational materials, & patient assistance.
https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/biothrax/drug/34781/
Anthrax Vaccine: What You Need to KnowAnthrax Vaccine: What You Need to Know
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Infectious Diseases (CDC OID). Published: 3/21/2018. This two-page fact sheet provides basic information on anthrax, the anthrax vaccine, who should get the vaccine, and the risks of the vaccine. (PDF)...
https://medworm.com/659358820/anthrax-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know/
Is Anthrax Vaccine SafeIs Anthrax Vaccine Safe
Is Anthrax Vaccine Safe Anthrax is a bacterial infection that is contracted by humans from the livestock like cattle and sheep. The bacteria
http://rocketswag.com/health/disease/a/anthrax/Is-Anthrax-Vaccine-Safe.html
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: May 2009Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: May 2009
This group also worked on the CDC anthrax vaccine trial, a 42 month study designed to look at long-term adverse vaccine reactions. What did they do instead? After the study had been completed, they published a paper discussing data from only the first 7 months of the study. This allowed CDC to hide long-term adverse reactions, and get the vaccine approved for civilians last October, potentially leading to large profits for the vaccine maker: Bioport aka Emergent Biosolutions. Qui Bono? Not the first responders who were slated for vaccination, since they were barred from seeking compensation if they got sick from either the manufacturer or government officials. Coincidentally, what barred them was an Emergency Declaration from HHS Secretary Leavitt...conveniently issued the same month CDC published its paper and approved the vaccine for civilian first responders ...
https://anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com/2009/05/
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: October 2011Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: October 2011
After sifting through the scientific, social and ethical conundrums raised by this question, the eight-member working group concluded that it would be ethically justifiable to conduct a study, which would provide crucial information, such as whether the vaccine is safe and how many doses would be needed. A lot of things have happened that we didnt think could happen. I think the threat is real, and we should be prepared, said Fagbuyi, an assistant professor of pediatrics and emergency medicine at the George Washington University School of Medicine. Fagbuyi and others dispute concerns about the vaccines safety, noting that the Food and Drug Administration, the National Academy of Sciences and many other independent authorities have concluded that it is as safe as other commonly used vaccines, producing serious complications very rarely. [This is not actually true. What happened was that the IOM committee studying anthrax vaccine in 2001 requested a report that made this claim, but there have ...
http://anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com.es/2011/10/
A Randomized, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Alone or Concomitantly With...A Randomized, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Alone or Concomitantly With...
This trial is evaluating the immunogenicity of anthrax vaccine adsorbed alone or concomitantly with raxibacumab in a healthy volunteer population.
http://adisinsight.springer.com/trials/700253200?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3e141b87-b296-4610-bbec-0969ba970f97
1,200 Troops Who Had Anthrax Vaccine Now Seriously Ill (June 19, 2005)1,200 Troops Who Had Anthrax Vaccine Now Seriously Ill (June 19, 2005)
June 19, 2005. More than 1,200 military personnel who received the anthrax vaccine before going to Iraq have developed serious illnesses, according to an Army report released last month, though local military officials contend the shots still are safe and necessary.
http://educate-yourself.org/cn/anthraxvaccineillnessafflictsmilitary19jun05.shtml
IDF secretly uses soldiers as anthrax vaccine guinea pigsIDF secretly uses soldiers as anthrax vaccine guinea pigs
TV documentary reveals army tested experimental anthrax vaccines on elite combat soldiers, but refused to treat them after adverse symptoms appeared
https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3401245,00.html
Presidential office admits importing anthrax vaccines, only for treatmentPresidential office admits importing anthrax vaccines, only for treatment
The presidential office on Sunday confirmed it imported anthrax vaccines this year, but denied claims that it has only vaccinated its officials against the disease.Cheong Wa Dae spokesperson Park Soo-hyun said in a press release that the purchase was planned by the former administration in early 2016 and that this was reflected in the budget this year. Presidential office spokesman Park Soo-hyun (Yonhap)
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20171225000166
Bioethics Panel Warns Against Anthrax Vaccine Testing On Kids | WKARBioethics Panel Warns Against Anthrax Vaccine Testing On Kids | WKAR
A controversial government proposal to test the anthrax vaccine in children would be unethical without first conducting much more research, a presidential
http://wkar.org/post/bioethics-panel-warns-against-anthrax-vaccine-testing-kids
Israel to pay $6 million compensation to anthrax vaccine trial subjects - RT World NewsIsrael to pay $6 million compensation to anthrax vaccine trial subjects - RT World News
​The Israeli government will pay out thousands of dollars in compensation to 716 soldiers who took part in an anthrax vaccine trial that ended in 2005. 92 of the servicemen sued the state, saying they were forced into the study and suffered side effects.
https://www.rt.com/news/anthrax-israel-idf-vaccine-compensation-536/
Lawmaker questions Pentagons plan to resume anthrax vaccinations - Defense - GovExec.comLawmaker questions Pentagons plan to resume anthrax vaccinations - Defense - GovExec.com
By Chris Strohm. December 17, 2004. The vice chairman of the House Government Reform Committee has raised questions about the Pentagons recent request for emergency authority to resume its anthrax vaccination program, Government Executive has learned. Rep. Christopher Shays, R-Conn., sent letters on Thursday to the Health and Human Services Department and CIA concerning the Pentagons request. Shays also is chairman of the House Government Reform Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging Threats and International Relations. The Department of Defense request presents a number of unique, potentially troubling legal and procedural issues, and the subcommittee requests information on how the Department of Health and Human Services will approach this precedent-setting matter, Shays wrote in a letter to HHS Secretary Tommy Thompson. Deputy Defense Secretary Paul Wolfowitz asked Thompson on Dec. 10 to declare an emergency so the Pentagon could begin giving all military personnel anthrax ...
http://www.govexec.com/defense/2004/12/lawmaker-questions-pentagons-plan-to-resume-anthrax-vaccinations/18250/print/
Anthrax Vaccination - Essay about Medicine, HealthAnthrax Vaccination - Essay about Medicine, Health
This 1449 word essay is about Medicine, Health, Clinical medicine, Vaccines, Anthrax, Biological warfare, RTT, Vaccination, Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed. Read the full essay now!
https://midtermpapers.com/essays/anthrax-vaccination_2
Court Orders Pentagon to Stop Anthrax Vaccinations - Diseases and Vaccines - NVICCourt Orders Pentagon to Stop Anthrax Vaccinations - Diseases and Vaccines - NVIC
Anthtrax is a highly lethal acute disease in humans caused by bacterium Bacillus Anthracis. Read the NVIC special report to learn more about anthrax vaccine.
http://www.nvic.org/vaccines-and-diseases/anthrax/courtorder.aspx
Pfenex Inc. Awards Paragon Bioservices a Contract for cGMP Manufacturing of its Recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA), for Phase...Pfenex Inc. Awards Paragon Bioservices a Contract for cGMP Manufacturing of its Recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA), for Phase...
... SAN DIEGO Nov. 5 2013 /- Pfen... We are pleased to award this contract to Paragon Bioservices stated... Marco A. Chacon Ph.D. CEO of Paragon st... About Pfenex Inc. ...,Pfenex,Inc.,Awards,Paragon,Bioservices,a,Contract,for,cGMP,Manufacturing,of,its,Recombinant,Protective,Antigen,(rPA),,for,Phase,1,Clinical,Trial,of,its,Anthrax,Vaccine,biological,advanced biology technology,biology laboratory technology,biology device technology,latest biology technology
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology-1/Pfenex-Inc--Awards-Paragon-Bioservices-a-Contract-for-cGMP-Manufacturing-of-its-Recombinant-Protective-Antigen--28rPA-29--for-Phase-1-Clinical-Trial-o-28416-1/
Pox AmericanaPox Americana
The book describes weeks of anxious discussions about the possibility that Iraq would unleash its presumably limited inventory of anthrax spores and botulinum toxin against coalition forces. U.S. military planners guessed that the Iraqis would target frontline troops with botulinum and would direct anthrax against the rear. The logic arose from the fact that the toxin disables its victims in minutes or hours, whereas the incubation period for anthrax is a day or more. The planners figured that by the time untreated rear-guard troops were moved forward, anthrax infections would have incapacitated them. These presumptions appeared critical in the face of inadequate vaccine supplies. To the chagrin of the commanders, although a half-million American troops would be sent to the Gulf area, there was enough anthrax vaccine only for 150,000 and botulinum vaccine for 10,000. Layered onto the scarcity problem were uncertainties about the safety and effectiveness of the anthrax vaccine. The uncertainties ...
http://prospect.org/article/pox-americana
2002] Anthrax: A Deadly Shot in the Dark---LT. COL. THOMAS S. HEEMSTRA (Ret. U.S.A.F.)2002] Anthrax: A Deadly Shot in the Dark---LT. COL. THOMAS S. HEEMSTRA (Ret. U.S.A.F.)
Crystal Communications. 2009 Family Circle, #3 Lexington, KY 40505. PH: (859) 255-0076 FAX: (859) 255-0938. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: MAY 20, 2002. CONTACT: ED PUTERBAUGH, (859) 255-0076 or [email protected] or LT. COL. THOMAS S. HEEMSTRA (Ret. U.S.A.F.) (859) 621-8982.. AS MILITARY DECIDES ABOUT CIVILIAN NEEDS FOR ANTHRAX VACCINE, NEW BOOK DETAILS ITS HISTORY, HIGH REACTION RATE, DANGERS. Lexington, KY: Even as the Defense Department is in discussions with other agencies to assess civilian vaccination needs - particularly for emergency first responders - in the event of a bioterrorist attack (Washington Post, May 20, 2002), a new book written by a former F-16 squadron commander, Anthrax: A Deadly Shot in the Dark aims to educate the civilians and the public health community about the hazards of the anthrax vaccine, its flawed manufacturing history, and its devastating effects on the military. (See www.anthraxadeadlyshotinthedark.com ) You may have to face the same decision, whether to ...
http://whale.to/a/heemstra.html
Induction of Protective Immunity Against Lethal Anthrax Challenge With a Patch - PubMedInduction of Protective Immunity Against Lethal Anthrax Challenge With a Patch - PubMed
Anthrax vaccine patches stimulated robust and functional immune responses that protected against lethal challenge. Demonstration of responses in the lung suggests that a mechanism exists for protection against challenge with aerosolized anthrax spores. A formulated, pressure-sensitive, dry adhesive …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15272406/
Just the Vax: Testing Anthrax vaccines in children?!Just the Vax: Testing Anthrax vaccines in children?!
In response to the attacks on Sept 11, 2001 (9/11), and the related security concerns, the USA and its coalition partners began a war in Afghanistan and subsequently invaded Iraq. The wars caused many deaths of non-combatant civilians, further damaged the health-supporting infrastructure and the environment (already adversely affected by previous wars), forced many people to migrate, led to violations of human rights, and diverted resources away from important health needs. After 9/11 and the anthrax outbreak shortly afterwards, the USA and other countries have improved emergency preparedness and response capabilities, but these actions have often diverted attention and resources from more urgent health issues. The documentation and dissemination of information about the adverse health effects of these wars and about the diversion of resources could help to mitigate these consequences and prevent their recurrence ...
http://justthevax.blogspot.com.co/2011/10/testing-anthrax-vaccines-in-children.html
Ciprofloxacin BioThrax Co-Administration Study - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govCiprofloxacin BioThrax Co-Administration Study - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The purpose of this clinical trial is to determine whether there is any effect on the antibiotic, ciprofloxacin when taken before and after administration of a 3-dose series of BioThrax® (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed or AVA).. This study will be conducted in the United States (US) in 154 healthy male and female volunteer subjects ages 18 to 45.. The duration of study participation for each subject will be approximately 76 days (approximately 2.5 months) ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01753115?recr=Open&cond=%22Anthrax%22&rank=5
Demand for Anthrax Vaccine Soars - The Washington PostDemand for Anthrax Vaccine Soars - The Washington Post
The nations only vaccine approved against anthrax has never been a best-seller. The only civilians who ever needed it were ranchers, hide handlers, veterinarians and the few scientists who worked with the deadly soil bacterium.. Sept. 11 changed all that. Doctors offices and travel clinics around the country have been swamped with requests for the vaccine amid concern that the tragedies in New York and Washington might foreshadow a bioterrorist attack. More than 1,000 people in the past two weeks have tried to get shots directly from the vaccines maker, BioPort of Lansing, Mich. Callers there are being shunted to a recorded message that reflects what doctors everywhere are saying:. All the stockpile that currently exists is owned by the Department of Defense. At this time there is no opportunity for any commercial sales.. That reality has infuriated some. After all, we are all now soldiers in the war trenches of our offices, hospitals and backyards, said Robert Gray, an Atlanta area ...
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/09/30/demand-for-anthrax-vaccine-soars/1c73ab65-6897-4dcb-a5cb-d44214eab3f6/?utm_term=.3771ba5a4add
Anthrax vaccine produces immunity with nanoparticles, not needlesAnthrax vaccine produces immunity with nanoparticles, not needles
A vaccine against anthrax that is more effective and easier to administer than the present vaccine has proved highly effective in tests in mice and guinea pigs, report University of Michigan Medical School scientists in the ...
https://phys.org/news/2007-08-anthrax-vaccine-immunity-nanoparticles-needles.html
CDC changes anthrax vaccine recommendations | BioPrepWatchCDC changes anthrax vaccine recommendations | BioPrepWatch
New details have been released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning recommendations made in February by its vaccine advisory group about Americans receiving anthrax shots.
https://bioprepwatch.com/stories/510507006-newsinator-cdc-changes-anthrax-vaccine-recommendations
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant baculovirus-expressed Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA):...Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant baculovirus-expressed Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA):...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a recombinant baculovirus-expressed Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA). T2 - Measurement of human anti-PA antibodies. AU - Iacono-Connors, L. C.. AU - Novak, J.. AU - Rossi, C.. AU - Mangiafico, J.. AU - Ksiazek, Thomas. PY - 1994/1. Y1 - 1994/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0027975977&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0027975977&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 7496927. AN - SCOPUS:0027975977. VL - 1. SP - 78. EP - 82. JO - Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. JF - Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. SN - 1556-6811. IS - 1. ER - ...
https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay-using-a-recombinant-baculovirus
AID 289164 - Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen 63 reconstituted in diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine lipid...AID 289164 - Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen 63 reconstituted in diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine lipid...
BioAssay record AID 289164 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen 63 reconstituted in diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine lipid membranes assessed as inhibition of channel conductance at 5 uM.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/289164
Anti-Bacillus anthracis protective antigen antibody [BAP0102] (HRP) (ab1990) ReferencesAnti-Bacillus anthracis protective antigen antibody [BAP0102] (HRP) (ab1990) References
References for Abcams Anti-Bacillus anthracis protective antigen antibody [BAP0102] (HRP) (ab1990). Please let us know if you have used this product in your…
http://www.abcam.com/bacillus-anthracis-protective-antigen-antibody-bap0102-hrp-ab1990-references.html
Anti-Bacillus anthracis protective antigen antibody Question (32569) | AbcamAnti-Bacillus anthracis protective antigen antibody Question (32569) | Abcam
Inquiry (32569) for Abcams Anti-Bacillus anthracis protective antigen antibody. Our in-house scientific support team are here to help you with any technical questions or queries
https://www.abcam.com/bacillus-anthracis-protective-antigen-antibody-ab13808/questions/32569
Rapid Test-TruStrip RDT Anthrax Protective antigen 83 (PA83) Rapid Test cards, 25/pk-Alpha Diagnostic International Inc.Rapid Test-TruStrip RDT Anthrax Protective antigen 83 (PA83) Rapid Test cards, 25/pk-Alpha Diagnostic International Inc.
TruStrip RDT Anthrax Protective antigen 83 (PA83) Rapid Test cards, 25/pk Rapid Test 800-100-RDT-25 TruStrip RDT Anthrax Protective antigen 83 (PA83) Rapid Test cards, 25/pk Rapid Test 800-100-RDT-25
http://4adi.com/ccpc2798-31247-trustrip-rdt-anthrax-protective-antigen-83-28pa8329-rapid-test-800-100-rdt-25.htm
Search - Antibody-AntibodiesSearch - Antibody-Antibodies
Description: Polyclonal Bacillus anthracis antibody (Protective Antigen), Anti-Bacillus anthracis antibody (Protective Antigen), Bacillus anthracis PA antibody, Anthrax PA antibody, Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen antibody, Anthrax Protective Antigen antibody ...
https://antibody-antibodies.com/search/?type=products&q=acr-bacillus-anthracis-protective
FDA Approves Vaccine For Use After Known or Suspected Anthrax Exposure - MichBioFDA Approves Vaccine For Use After Known or Suspected Anthrax Exposure - MichBio
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved a new indication for BioThrax (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed) to prevent disease following suspected or confirmed exposure to Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax disease. The vaccines new use is approved for people 18 through 65 years of age in conjunction with recommended antibiotic treatment. BioThrax was initially approved by the FDA in 1970 for the prevention of anthrax disease in persons at high risk of exposure.. Anthrax disease, especially the inhalation form, is often fatal if not promptly treated. Anthrax is considered one of the more likely agents to be used in a biological attack, primarily because its spores are very stable and easy to disperse. Although it is rare, people may contract anthrax disease through natural exposures, such as contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products.. With todays approval of BioThrax, we now have a vaccine that can be used, together with antibiotic treatment, to ...
https://www.michbio.org/news/261841/FDA-Approves-Vaccine-For-Use-After-Known-or-Suspected-Anthrax-Exposure.htm
Anti-PA / Protective Antigen Antibody | Mouse Monoclonal AP | LSBioAnti-PA / Protective Antigen Antibody | Mouse Monoclonal AP | LSBio
Protective Antigen antibody LS-C505586 is an AP-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody to bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen (PA ). Validated for ELISA and WB.
https://www.lsbio.com/antibodies/pa-antibody-protective-antigen-antibody-ap-elisa-wb-western-ls-c505586/519147
PLOS ONE: A FRET-Based High Throughput Screening Assay to Identify Inhibitors of Anthrax Protective Antigen Binding to...PLOS ONE: A FRET-Based High Throughput Screening Assay to Identify Inhibitors of Anthrax Protective Antigen Binding to...
Anti-angiogenic therapies are effective for the treatment of cancer, a variety of ocular diseases, and have potential benefits in cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and psoriasis. We have previously shown that anthrax protective antigen (PA), a non-pathogenic component of anthrax toxin, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, apparently as a result of interaction with the cell surface receptors capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) protein and tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8). Hence, molecules that bind the anthrax toxin receptors may be effective to slow or halt pathological vascular growth. Here we describe development and testing of an effective homogeneous steady-state fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) high throughput screening assay designed to identify molecules that inhibit binding of PA to CMG2. Molecules identified in the screen can serve as potential lead compounds for the development of anti-angiogenic and anti-anthrax therapies. The assay to screen for inhibitors of this protein
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0039911
Supplier ACR, 3BA16-BAP104 , 1 mg Bacillus anthracis ...Supplier ACR, 3BA16-BAP104 , 1 mg Bacillus anthracis ...
Product from Supplier ACR, Catalog number 3BA16-BAP104 , Product Bacillus anthracis protective antigen - Gentaur molecular products
https://www.antibody-antibodies.com/product74029/acr-bacillus-anthracis-protective-antigen.html
Conjugate Anthrax Vaccine with Dual Virulence Factor Specificity - Lallan GiriConjugate Anthrax Vaccine with Dual Virulence Factor Specificity - Lallan Giri
The anthrax letter attacks after September 11, 2001 demonstrated the ease of using the anthrax spore as a weapon in a bioterrorist attack. Anthrax is a lethal i...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-AI105172-01
Anthrax - Not Just a Thrash Metal BandAnthrax - Not Just a Thrash Metal Band
With my admittedly limited resources (time/access to journals), I tried to do as extensive a search on safety studies of the anthrax vaccine as possible. Report after report stated that the most common reactions to the vaccine tended to be local and of mild to moderate severity, being limited mainly to erythema, edema and pruritis. Severe reactions of these types were rare, and none of the studies found any connection between the vaccine and long-term health issues, like autoimmune disorders or chronic fatigue. My best guess is that chronic issues are most likely unrelated to the vaccine and may be due to other factors (e.g., other environmental causes, stress and/or psychogenic illness, etc.). If they are connected to the vaccine, they seem to be so exceedingly rare that, for individuals at risk of anthrax exposure, the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the remote risks of a serious AE. Of course, research on the anthrax vaccine should continue. For one thing, we should have more than one ...
http://www.harpocratesspeaks.com/2012/07/anthrax-not-just-thrash-metal-band.html
Harpocrates Speaks: Anthrax - Not Just a Thrash Metal BandHarpocrates Speaks: Anthrax - Not Just a Thrash Metal Band
With my admittedly limited resources (time/access to journals), I tried to do as extensive a search on safety studies of the anthrax vaccine as possible. Report after report stated that the most common reactions to the vaccine tended to be local and of mild to moderate severity, being limited mainly to erythema, edema and pruritis. Severe reactions of these types were rare, and none of the studies found any connection between the vaccine and long-term health issues, like autoimmune disorders or chronic fatigue. My best guess is that chronic issues are most likely unrelated to the vaccine and may be due to other factors (e.g., other environmental causes, stress and/or psychogenic illness, etc.). If they are connected to the vaccine, they seem to be so exceedingly rare that, for individuals at risk of anthrax exposure, the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the remote risks of a serious AE. Of course, research on the anthrax vaccine should continue. For one thing, we should have more than one ...
http://www.harpocratesspeaks.com/2012/07/anthrax-not-just-thrash-metal-band.html?showComment=1344056170265
Anthrax vaccine: Children targeted for testing | The PPJ GazetteAnthrax vaccine: Children targeted for testing | The PPJ Gazette
Marti Oakley (c)copyright 2011 All Rights Reserved Originally posted in May of 2011. ____________________________________________________ On May 2, 2011, Department of Health and Human Services announced it will buy 3.42 million doses of Bio-thrax a vaccine developed by the military to counter its weaponized anthrax that it also developed. The problem is, the vaccine is known…
https://ppjg.me/2013/03/13/anthrax-vaccine-children-targeted-for-testing/?like_comment=9605&_wpnonce=6f74cab7b2
Dr Tarit MukhopadhyayDr Tarit Mukhopadhyay
Tarit conducted his undergraduate studies in Biochemical Engineering at UCL and his Masters at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He conducted his engineering doctorate in a joint venture between UCL and the Health Protection Agency, working on 2 vaccine of commercial interest, a novel Meningitis B vaccine based upon the outer membrane proteins of N.lactamica and the UK licensed Anthrax vaccine. As part of his doctoral studies in a joint project with the Health Protection Agency and Prof Gary Lye in the IMRC in Bioprocessing, Tarit focused on the development of a microwell platform for rapid vaccine development. This platform was applied to the development of a new Meningitis B vaccine now in clinical trials. The platforms usefulness and robustness was also tested with the UK Anthrax Vaccine, (AVP) - utilised to gather deeper process insight under ACDP Class 3 conditions ...
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/biochemeng/people/academic/mukhopadhyay-t
post by crazyewokpost by crazyewok
After establishing that squalene MF59 was admittedly experimental, Capt. Rovet went on to explain how the U.S. government willfully ignored all documented evidence showing that the anthrax vaccine, and squalene MF59 in particular, was directly responsible for triggering an epidemic of Gulf War syndrome that left hundreds of thousands of servicemen seriously injured or dead. Not only this, but the U.S. Department of Defense actually ordered that both the anthrax vaccine and a related botulism toxoid vaccine, both of which contained experimental squalene MF59, not be annotated in soldiers medical records -- they were instead generically identified as Vac A and Vac B in order to conceal their identity ...
http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread972401/pg3
Anthrax infection - Vitamin LifeAnthrax infection - Vitamin Life
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends 60 days of oral antibiotics along with a three-dose regimen of BioThraxT anthrax vaccine (zero, two weeks, four weeks) as an emergency public health intervention for people exposed to anthrax. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro ) and doxycycline are approved in adults and children for post exposure prophylaxis (preventing infection in people exposed to anthrax). Levofloxacin (Levaquin ) is approved for post exposure prophylaxis in adults 18 and older. Common side effects of Cipro include upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, dizziness, or headache. Patients taking doxycycline should be aware of the following side effects: upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Additionally, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin should not be taken with antacids, calcium supplements, and dairy products. These may bind with the medications, decreasing their effectiveness. Common side effects of Levaquin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, headache, ...
http://www.livingnaturally.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?StoreID=15F522D98A3A417FBE8D6702F135785A&DocID=condition-anthraxinfection
New antibody shows promise as cure for anthrax | EurekAlert! Science NewsNew antibody shows promise as cure for anthrax | EurekAlert! Science News
A new anthrax antibody engineered by scientists at The University of Texas at Austin protects and defends against inhalation anthrax without the use of antibiotics and other more expensive antibodies. The high-affinity antibody, an anthrax antitoxin, successfully eliminated both anthrax bacteria and its deadly toxins in animal tests. If future tests concur, this could be the first successful treatment for late-stage anthrax infection, even for an anthrax strain that has been designed to resist antibiotics.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-11/uota-nas112905.php
Anthrax Q & AAnthrax Q & A
TREATMENT - ANTHRAX from emedicine.com A number of possible therapeutic strategies have yet to be fully explored experimentally or submitted for approval to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The recommendations provided do not represent uses currently approved by the FDA but are a consensus based on best available information of recent studies. Given the fulminant course of inhalation anthrax, early antibiotic administration is essential to maximize patient survival. Given the difficulty in achieving timely microbiologic diagnosis of anthrax, all persons with fever or evidence of systemic disease in an area where anthrax cases are occurring should be treated empirically for anthrax until the disease is excluded. No clinical studies exist of the treatment of inhalation anthrax in humans. Most naturally occurring strains of anthrax are sensitive to penicillin, and penicillin historically has been the preferred therapy for the treatment of anthrax. Penicillin and doxycycline are FDA-approved ...
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/536661/posts?page=36
A tale of two toxins: Anthrax protective antigen and Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysinA tale of two toxins: Anthrax protective antigen and Staphylococcus aureus alpha hemolysin
The protective antigen protein of anthrax toxin (PA) mediates entry of the toxins enzymatic components into the cell. Proteolytically-cleaved PA (nPA) also makes homoheptameric pores in cells, liposomes, and black lipid membranes. In this work, I explore the topology of the channels made by protective antigen in planar bilayers, and expand on previous topological studies, which have used Substituted-Cysteine-Accessibility Mutagenesis (SCAM) to identify pore-lining residues in the membrane-spanning region of the PA63 channel (Benson et al., 1998). SCAM entails single-cysteine substitution of residues in a protein, which is subsequently assayed for reaction with a cysteine-specific reagent; in this case, the channels formed by mutant nPA are probed with methyltrimethylammonium ion (MTS) species. From analogy to the heptameric channels of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin toxin, previous investigators had speculated that a disordered loop in PA (2beta2--2beta3) would rearrange itself into the ...
https://repository.yu.edu/handle/20.500.12202/664
Context of Mid-August-October 2001: Future Anthrax Attacks Suspect Ivins Works Extra Hours in Laboratory at Nights and on...Context of Mid-August-October 2001: Future Anthrax Attacks Suspect Ivins Works Extra Hours in Laboratory at Nights and on...
In February 2002, scientist Bruce Ivins submitted a sample of the anthrax he has been using to FBI investigators, but it was destroyed because it was not submitted according to strict protocols. As a result, he is asked to submit a second sample in April 2002, and does. Ivins works at USAMRIID, the US Armys top bioweapons laboratory, and is helping with the anthrax investigation even as the FBI has reason to believe the anthrax could have come from USAMRIID (see Mid-October 2001 and Winter 2001). Ivins is using a variety of the Ames anthrax strain known as RMR-1029. Around early 2004, scientists will discover some unique genetic markers to the anthrax used in the 2001 attacks and will start comparing that anthrax to other anthrax. No match will be found between Ivinss April 2002 sample and the anthrax used in the attacks. As a result of this discrepancy, the FBI will raid Ivinss lab in July 2004 and seize more samples of RMR-1029 (see July 16, 2004). Additionally, Paul Keim, a biologist at ...
http://historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=amid0801ivinssurge&printerfriendly=true
Anthrax | CignaAnthrax | Cigna
Discusses anthrax, a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria. Covers symptoms based on the three types of infection. Discusses treatment with antibiotics and other medicines. Covers anthrax vaccine. Offers tips on reducing exposure risk.
https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/hw/medical-topics/anthrax-ty6357
Combating anthrax: Results of study published this month as researchers look for a better vaccine ( A new study published this...Combating anthrax: Results of study published this month as researchers look for a better vaccine ( A new study published this...
A new study published this month by a Saint Louis University vaccine r...This new type of anthrax vaccine produced the immune response doctors ...In its first human testing the vaccine was given to 100 volunteers at... This type of research five years after 9/11 continues to be very im...Gorse said the study was able to answer some important questions about...,Combating,anthrax:,Results,of,study,published,this,month,as,researchers,look,for,a,better,vaccine,biological,biology news articles,biology news today,latest biology news,current biology news,biology newsletters
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news/Combating-anthrax-3A-Results-of-study-published-this-month-as-researchers-look-for-a-better-vaccine-3233-1/
Fundamental Medical and Engineering Investigations on Protective Artificial Respiration, Buch - ReadRateFundamental Medical and Engineering Investigations on Protective Artificial Respiration, Buch - ReadRate
Fundamental Medical and Engineering Investigations on Protective Artificial Respiration und Buchbewertungen gibt es auf ReadRate.com. Bücher können hier direkt online erworben werden.
https://readrate.com/deu/books/fundamental-medical-and-engineering-investigations-on-protective-artificial-respiration
Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis sheds doubt on protective associations between moderate alcohol consumption and...Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis sheds doubt on protective associations between moderate alcohol consumption and...
Chikritzhs, T. and Naimi, T. and Stockwell, T. and Liang, W. 2014. Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis sheds doubt on protective associations between moderate alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease. Evidence-Based Medicine. 20: 38 ...
https://espace.curtin.edu.au/handle/20.500.11937/16855
School halts baboon anthrax study | The Scientist Magazine®School halts baboon anthrax study | The Scientist Magazine®
Oklahoma State University (OSU) administrators have aborted a federally-funded study of anthrax vaccines because the project involved sacrificing the baboons involved in the research -- even though the project had already received approval by a unanimous vote from the university committee overseeing animal research. A photomicrograph of Bacillus anthracis bacteriaImage: Wikimedia commons, CDCIt was a considerable surprise to pretty much everybody involved,
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/27840/title/School-halts-baboon-anthrax-study/flagPost/47260/
School halts baboon anthrax study | The Scientist Magazine®School halts baboon anthrax study | The Scientist Magazine®
Oklahoma State University (OSU) administrators have aborted a federally-funded study of anthrax vaccines because the project involved sacrificing the baboons involved in the research -- even though the project had already received approval by a unanimous vote from the university committee overseeing animal research. A photomicrograph of Bacillus anthracis bacteriaImage: Wikimedia commons, CDCIt was a considerable surprise to pretty much everybody involved,
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/27840/title/School-halts-baboon-anthrax-study/flagPost/47257/
Anthrax | Cape May County, NJ - Official WebsiteAnthrax | Cape May County, NJ - Official Website
In the United States, incidence of naturally-acquired anthrax is extremely rare (about 1-2 cases of cutaneous disease per year). Gastrointestinal anthrax is rare, but may occur as explosive outbreaks associated with ingestion of infected animals. Worldwide, the incidence is unknown, though B. anthracis is present in most of the world. Unreliable reporting makes it difficult to estimate the true incidence of human anthrax worldwide. However, in fall 2001, 22 cases of anthrax (11 inhalation, 11 cutaneous) were identified in the United States following intentional contamination of the mail. In the United States, the annual occurrences of naturally-occurring human anthrax declined from estimated 130 cases annually in the early 1900s to 2 cases each in 2000, 2001, and 2002 ...
https://www.capemaycountynj.gov/874/Anthrax
WND » The venom in feds vaccinations » PrintWND » The venom in feds vaccinations » Print
The Alliance for Natural Health commented that this is not the first shady behavior to be exposed in the CDC. ANH explained, This is not the first scandal to hit the CDC in recent years. Earlier this year, Dr. Poul Thorsen, one of the co-authors of the Pediatrics article and scientist-in-residence at the CDC from 2000 to 2002, was indicted in Atlanta for fraud and money laundering in relation to his $11 million grant from the CDC. And just last week, Dr. Kimberly Quinlan Lindsey, a top CDC official, was arrested and charged with two counts of child molestation and one count of bestiality.. And just when you think vaccination news couldnt get any worse, last week the San Francisco Chronicle reported that the National Biodefense Science Board, which advises the federal government on bioterrorism issues, voted 12-1 to recommend that the Health and Human Services Department endorse and sponsor a study to test the anthrax vaccine in children! (Do these advisory panels not think 36 federally ...
http://www.wnd.com/2011/11/364949/print/
Military Vaccines & Lyme/MSIDS | Madison Area Lyme Support GroupMilitary Vaccines & Lyme/MSIDS | Madison Area Lyme Support Group
The DOD (Department of Defense) announced the experiential and mandatory anthrax vaccine, which was not FDA approved, in 1997. Since then many of Americas finest have become extremely ill with Gulf War Syndrome, a collection of symptoms ranging from severe fatigue, joint pain, respiratory and memory problems. Firstly, the military doesnt track any vaccine related effects…
https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/06/27/military-vaccines-lymemsids/
Waiting For An Ebola VaccineWaiting For An Ebola Vaccine
Its one of the worst Ebola outbreaks the world has seen and theres no vaccine. Emergent Biosolutions in Lansing makes the anthrax vaccine, and tells us what it takes to create one.
http://www.wilx.com/home/headlines/Waiting-For-An-Ebola-Vaccine-270066471.html
HHS offers some forecasts on medical countermeasures | CIDRAPHHS offers some forecasts on medical countermeasures | CIDRAP
(CIDRAP News) - A new report from the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) offers a few predictions on when certain new countermeasures against biological threats will become available, including a forecast for two novel influenza drugs and possibly a next-generation anthrax vaccine within the next 5 years.
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2012/12/hhs-offers-some-forecasts-medical-countermeasures
Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur
Anthrax vaccine. Pasteur publicly claimed his success in developing the anthrax vaccine in 1881.[93] However, his admirer- ... used carbolic acid to kill anthrax bacilli and tested the vaccine on sheep. Pasteur thought that this type of killed vaccine ... He reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. His medical discoveries ... This led Pasteur and his assistants to substitute an anthrax vaccine prepared by a method similar to that of Toussaint and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Louis_Pasteur
Gulf War syndromeGulf War syndrome
ISBN 978-0-275-96528-0. Chan, KC (11 October 2000). "GAO-01-92T Anthrax Vaccine: Preliminary Results of GAO's Survey of Guard/ ... Burdeau, C. (16 May 2001). "Expert: Anthrax vaccine not proven". The Clarion-Ledger. Archived from the original on 7 November ... anthrax vaccine, fuels, solvents, sand and particulates, infectious diseases, and chemical agent resistant coating (CARC)," for ... "Short-term reactogenicity and gender effect of anthrax vaccine: analysis of a 1967-1972 study and review of the 1955-2005 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War_syndrome
Brian L. StromBrian L. Strom
Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine, Medical Follow-up Agency. The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_L._Strom
Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation ActPandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness and Advancing Innovation Act
An example is the anthrax vaccine.) Section 303: Considerations for At-Risk Individuals Focuses federal efforts on making sure ... Kovaleski, Dave (2019-05-16). "BARDA will procure Emergent BioSolutions' AV7909 anthrax vaccine in Strategic National Stockpile ... flu vaccine tracking, and the distribution of flu vaccines during a pandemic Section 702: Location of Materials in the ... The anthrax attacks of 2001, the destruction caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, and the Ebola outbreak in 2014 all raised ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_and_All-Hazards_Preparedness_and_Advancing_Innovation_Act
Ken AlibekKen Alibek
"The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It safe? Does it Work?" (2002), Reviewer. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., Institute of ... In a time of war, the assembly line could be used to produce weaponized anthrax. Continued successes in science and ... The Washington Post "Anthrax under the Microscope", with Matthew Meselson, November 5, 2002. Selected Congressional Testimony ... Perhaps his signal accomplishment was the creation of a new "battle strain" of anthrax, known as "Strain 836", later described ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Alibek
1881 in science1881 in science
Louis Pasteur discovers a vaccine for anthrax. Carlos Finlay, a Cuban doctor, first proposes that yellow fever is transmitted ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1881_in_science
Timeline of medicine and medical technologyTimeline of medicine and medical technology
1879 - First vaccine for cholera. 1881 - Louis Pasteur develops an anthrax vaccine. 1882 - Louis Pasteur develops a rabies ... First vaccine for diphtheria 1926 - First vaccine for pertussis 1927 - First vaccine for tuberculosis 1927 - First vaccine for ... 2006 - First HPV vaccine approved. 2006 - The second rotavirus vaccine approved (first was withdrawn). 2007 - The visual ... Rubella Vaccine - Harry Martin Meyer and Paul D. Parkman 1967 - First vaccine for mumps 1967 - Christiaan Barnard performs the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_medicine_and_medical_technology
Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur
Toussaint had developed anthrax vaccine by killing the bacilli by heating at 55°C for 10 minutes. He tested on eight dogs and ... Pasteur gave a misleading account of the preparation of the anthrax vaccine used in the experiment at Pouilly-le-Fort. He used ... pasteur loir anthrax. Artenstein, Andrew W., ed. (2009). Vaccines: A Biography. Springer. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4419-1108-7. Smith ... His works are credited to saving millions of lives through the developments of vaccines for rabies and anthrax. He is regarded ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur
Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur
Anthrax vaccine. Pasteur publicly claimed his success in developing the anthrax vaccine in 1881.[105] However, his admirer- ... Created the first vaccines for rabies. Cholera vaccine[1]. Anthrax vaccines. Pasteurization. ... pasteur loir anthrax.. *^ Artenstein, Andrew W., ed. (2009). Vaccines: A Biography. Springer. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4419-1108-7. . ... Toussaint had developed anthrax vaccine by killing the bacilli by heating at 55°C for 10 minutes. He tested on eight dogs and ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Pasteur
Lester Martínez LópezLester Martínez López
The command's research includes vaccines for dengue fever, anthrax and hepatitis; anti-virals for smallpox and countermeasures ... which develops antidotes and vaccines for diseases soldiers might face on the battlefield. Martínez López was born in the city ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_Martínez_López
Rosetta@home[email protected]
This insight was eventually used in research resulting in improved anthrax vaccines. RosettaDock was used to model docking ... November 2005). "A model of anthrax toxin lethal factor bound to protective antigen". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... November 2007). "Human monoclonal antibodies against anthrax lethal factor and protective antigen act independently to protect ... Paulson, Tom (July 19, 2006). "Gates Foundation awards $287 million for HIV vaccine research". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[email protected]
Rakesh BhatnagarRakesh Bhatnagar
He helped develop a genetically engineered vaccine against anthrax. He is an elected fellow of several major Indian science ... His team has also developed a DNA vaccine against Rabies. His research group has initiated research in other important ... Recombinant Vaccine Development, and Programmed Cell Death in Prokaryotes. Kumar, Mamidala Jagadesh (1 August 2016). "Prof. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh_Bhatnagar
Vera SharavVera Sharav
"Test of anthrax vaccine in children gets tentative OK". Reuters. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 7 July 2020. Schmidt, Charlie (1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_Sharav
Bacillus anthracisBacillus anthracis
A number of anthrax vaccines have been developed for preventive use in livestock and humans. Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) may ... The first vaccine containing live organisms was Louis Pasteur's veterinary anthrax vaccine. Spencer, R C (1 March 2003). " ... However, this vaccine is only used for at-risk adults before exposure to anthrax and has not been approved for use after ... The first animal vaccine against anthrax was developed by French chemist Louis Pasteur in 1881. Different animal and human ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_anthracis
Anne-Marie StaubAnne-Marie Staub
In 1940 she started working on a vaccine for anthrax. From 1941-1946 she worked with the B. anthracis antigens and successfully ... In 1953 she as promoted to head of laboratory in the vaccine department of the Institut Pasteur and in 1967 she became head of ... injected a sheep with a vaccine for the bacteria. During this time she also taught French, German and first aid to soldiers ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne-Marie_Staub
Timeline of biotechnologyTimeline of biotechnology
1881 - Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens. 1885 - Louis Pasteur and ... 1798 - Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox. 1802 - The first recorded use of the word ... Emile Roux develop the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister. 20th century'' 1919 - Károly Ereky, a Hungarian ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biotechnology
Petrus Johann du ToitPetrus Johann du Toit
He helped develop vaccines against anthrax and botulism and the immunisation procedure against heartwater. In all he authored ... During World War II South Africa supplied horsesickness vaccines to the British forces in Egypt and the Middle East, and played ... Notable were the etiology of the cattle disease lamsiekte and the development of a successful vaccine against African horse ... He contributed to the development of polyvalent horse sickness and bluetongue vaccines, and determined Culicoides spp as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Johann_du_Toit
Project Bioshield ActProject Bioshield Act
The Department of Health and Human Services has already taken steps to purchase 75 million doses of an improved anthrax vaccine ... 10,000 doses of anthrax immune globulin from Cangene, which also treats anthrax. By 2010, the supply was down to 7,327 doses, ... 28.75 million doses of the anthrax vaccine BioThrax from Emergent BioSolutions. Botulism treatments, as well, including 107,560 ... 5.6 billion over 10 years for the government to purchase and stockpile vaccines and drugs to fight anthrax, smallpox and other ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Bioshield_Act
Aluminium hydroxideAluminium hydroxide
Precipitated aluminium hydroxide is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines (e.g. anthrax vaccine). One of the well-known ... it also functions to stabilize vaccines by preventing the proteins in the vaccine from precipitating or sticking to the walls ... Cranage, MP; Robinson A (2003). Robinson A; Hudson MJ; Cranage MP (eds.). Vaccine Protocols - Volume 87 of Methods in Molecular ... Petrovsky N, Aguilar JC (2004). "Vaccine adjuvants: current state and future trends". Immunol Cell Biol. 82 (5): 488-96. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_hydroxide
Raynaud syndromeRaynaud syndrome
Anthrax vaccines whose primary ingredient is the Anthrax Protective Antigen. *Stimulant medications, such as those used to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raynaud's_phenomenon
Pierre Paul Émile RouxPierre Paul Émile Roux
Given their many differences, they clashed often as they worked towards vaccines against anthrax and rabies. The main issues ... Pasteur and Roux injected 25 sheep with their anthrax vaccine, and the other 25 were unvaccinated. All 50 sheep were injected ... and anthrax (1879-1890), and was involved in the famous experiment on anthrax vaccination of animals at Pouilly-le-Fort [fr]. ... the amount evidence from animal experimentation on the rabies vaccine needed in order to justify giving the vaccine to humans. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Paul_Émile_Roux
Lev TsenkovskyLev Tsenkovsky
He is known to have suggested methods of developing an effective anthrax vaccine. Lev Tsenkovsky contributed to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Tsenkovsky
History of medicineHistory of medicine
His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. His ... and introduced his third vaccine-rabies vaccine-the first vaccine for humans since Jenner's for smallpox. From across the globe ... Tissue culture is important for development of vaccines. Though the early success of antiviral vaccines and antibacterial drugs ... The long-known vaccine against Smallpox finally eradicated the disease in the 1970s, and Rinderpest was wiped out in 2011. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine
Ames strainAmes strain
Anthrax vaccines are used for both livestock and human immunization. One of the most used anthrax vaccines today is based on ... The only licensed human anthrax vaccine in America, Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA), is based on protective antigen, and has ... However, PA vaccines are less protective than live-spore vaccines, and a PA-based vaccine against the Ames strain for humans ... Brossier F, Levy M, Mock M (February 2002). "Anthrax spores make an essential contribution to vaccine efficacy". Infection and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ames_strain
BerlinBerlin
Rudolf Virchow was the founder of cellular pathology, while Robert Koch developed vaccines for anthrax, cholera, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin
Porter W Anderson Jr.Porter W Anderson Jr.
... and as an advisor to the Center for Disease Control's Anthrax Vaccine Program in 2002. He continues to volunteer his time ... Clinical trials in Finland demonstrated the vaccine's effectiveness in children, but not in infants. This vaccine was approved ... The conjugate vaccine technique Anderson and his colleagues developed led to a Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) vaccine ... "A lucky career in bacterial vaccines." (2012) Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, vol 8, issue 4, pp. 420-422 Clark, Thornton ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_W_Anderson_Jr.
Emergent BioSolutionsEmergent BioSolutions
Among the company's notable products are BioThrax (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed), the only anthrax vaccine licensed by the U.S. ... BioThrax (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed), a vaccine licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Following a study by ... In addition to the anthrax vaccine, Emergent BioSolutions develops and manufactures vaccines and therapeutics for the ... portal War portal Technology portal Companies portal Science portal Anthrax attacks of 2001 Anthrax toxin Anthrax Vaccine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergent_BioSolutions
CIA transnational activities in counterproliferationCIA transnational activities in counterproliferation
... plan to genetically engineer a vaccine-resistant strain of anthrax developed by the Russians; and a Central Intelligence Agency ... One of the most dramatic events was an accidental anthrax attack on the Sverdlovsk area. DIA did more of the reporting than CIA ... and had tested the aircraft using an anthrax simulant. Although this was a manned aircraft, IC analysts assessed that the drop ... Anthrax at Sverdlovsk, 1979, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 61, retrieved 2007-12-29 CS1 maint: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_transnational_activities_in_counterproliferation
Agriculture in ChadAgriculture in Chad
Despite plant capacity, by 1984 a lack of a trained staff limited production to vaccines for anthrax and pasteurellosis. Two ... was capable of producing vaccines for Chad as well as for neighboring countries. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Chad
Globalization and diseaseGlobalization and disease
The anthrax vaccine was administered to 25 sheep while another 25 were used as a control. On May 31, 1881 all of the sheep were ... Luckily, the BCG vaccine was developed, which prevents TB meningitis and miliary TB in childhood. But, the vaccine does not ... Finding vaccines at all for some diseases remains extremely difficult. Without vaccines, the global world remains vulnerable to ... "Vaccine Basics - How Vaccines Work". vaccineinformation.org. Retrieved 2020-06-19. Union, Publications Office of the European ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization_and_disease
Streptococcus pneumoniaeStreptococcus pneumoniae
Vaccine[edit]. Main article: Pneumococcal vaccine. Due to the importance of disease caused by S. pneumoniae, several vaccines ... "Pneumococcal vaccines WHO position paper--2012" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 87 (14): 129-44. Apr 6, 2012. PMID 24340399.. ... "Children to be given new vaccine". BBC News. 8 February 2006.. *^ "Pneumococcal Vaccination: Information for Health Care ... "In Atkinson W; Wolfe S; Hamborsky J. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (12th ed.). Washington DC: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._pneumoniae
Genetically modified tomatoGenetically modified tomato
... anthrax and respiratory syncytial virus.[41] Korean scientists are looking at using the tomato to express a vaccine against ... Vaccines[edit]. Tomatoes (along with potatoes, bananas and other plants) are being investigated as vehicles for delivering ... Goyal, R.; Ramachandran, R.; Goyal, P.; Sharma, V. (2007). "Edible vaccines: Current status and future". Indian Journal of ... led a group of researchers in developing a tomato expressing a recombinant vaccine to SARS.[43] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_tomato
Artificial induction of immunityArtificial induction of immunity
Pasteur isolated the infectious agent from anthrax. He then derived a vaccine by altering the infectious agent so as to make it ... Anthrax is now known to be caused by a bacterium, and rabies is known to be caused by a virus. The microscopes of the time ... Vaccines - a Biography edited by Andrew W. Artenstein ISBN 978-1-4419-1107-0[page needed] ... Use of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (Report). Centers for Disease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_induction_of_immunity
Pasteur InstitutePasteur Institute
... including pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies. The institute was founded on June 4, 1887, and inaugurated on ... In 1985, the first human vaccine obtained by genetic engineering from animal cells, the vaccine against hepatitis B, was ... Chantemesse's typhoid vaccineEdit. During the summer of 1900, the extremely hot weather and scarcity of the water supply in ... Vaccines and Diagnostic ProductsEdit. Production and marketing of diagnostic tests developed in the Institute laboratories are ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute
ZoonosisZoonosis
Use in vaccinesEdit. The first vaccine against smallpox by Edward Jenner in 1800 was by infection of a zoonotic bovine virus ... Close contact with cattle can lead to cutaneous anthrax infection, whereas inhalation anthrax infection is more common for ... Anthrax Bacillus anthracis commonly - grazing herbivores such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, horses, and pigs by ingestion, ... "Inhalation Anthrax". cdc.gov. Archived from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis
Urinary tract infectionUrinary tract infection
Magistro, G; Stief, CG (6 August 2018). "Vaccine Development for Urinary Tract Infections: Where Do We Stand?". European ... Huttner, A; Gambillara, V (24 May 2018). "The development and early clinical testing of the ExPEC4V conjugate vaccine against ... A number of vaccines are in development as of 2018.[56][57] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_Tract_Infections
Medical microbiologyMedical microbiology
Following on from this, in 1857 Louis Pasteur also designed vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax, fowl cholera and ... The same principles are used for developing vaccines today. ... caused a rapid change the development of vaccines, medical ... these include synthetic insulin which was produced in 1979 using recombinant DNA and the first genetically engineered vaccine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccineRespiratory syncytial virus vaccine
The current types of vaccines which are in research are particle-based vaccines, attenuated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines ... A respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (RSV vaccine) is a vaccine which prevents infection by respiratory syncytial virus. No ... or vector-based vaccines.[3] References[edit]. *^ a b Dudas, RA; Karron, RA (July 1998). "Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines" ... A 2019 paper claimed that research toward developing a vaccine has advanced greatly over the past 10 years.[2] The same study ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus_vaccine
Immunologic adjuvantImmunologic adjuvant
Vaxjo: Comprehensive vaccine adjuvant database.. References[edit]. *^ "Guideline on Adjuvants in Vaccines for Human Use" (PDF) ... Baylor NW, Egan W, Richman P (May 2002). "Aluminum salts in vaccines--US perspective". Vaccine. 20 Suppl 3 (Suppl 3): S18-23. ... In the early days of vaccine manufacture, significant variations in the efficacy of different batches of the same vaccine were ... Clements CJ, Griffiths E (May 2002). "The global impact of vaccines containing aluminium adjuvants". Vaccine. 20 Suppl 3 ( ): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant
Rotavirus vaccineRotavirus vaccine
2014). "Bovine rotavirus pentavalent vaccine development in India". Vaccine. 32 (11): A124-A128. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03. ... live attenuated Rotavirus vaccine (ROTASIIL®)". Vaccine. 35 (22): 2962-2969. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.025. PMID 28434688. ... The vaccines are safe.[2] This includes their use in people with HIV/AIDS.[2] An earlier vaccine that is no longer used was ... The vaccine contains a G1P[8] human rotavirus strain.[23] Lanzhou lamb[edit]. Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine was licensed for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccine
එන්නත් - විකිපීඩියාඑන්නත් - විකිපීඩියා
එන්නතක් යනු (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Vaccine) එක්තරා රෝගයක් සදහා ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණය වැඩි දියුණු කර ගැනීම පිණිස ඇති නිෂ්පාදනයකි. මෙම වැක්සීන් යන ... Jonas Salk in 1955 holds two bottles of a culture used to grow polio vaccines. ...
https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/එන්නත්_වර්ග
Hantavirus vaccineHantavirus vaccine
Vaccine-naive. References[edit]. *^ a b c d Schmaljohn, C. S. (2012). "Vaccines for hantaviruses: Progress and issues". Expert ... The pharmaceutical trade name for the vaccine is Hantavax.[2][3] As of 2013 no hantavirus vaccine have been approved for use in ... Hantavirus vaccine is a vaccine that protects in humans against hantavirus infections causing Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with ... They include a recombinant vaccine and vaccines derived from HTNV and PUUV viruses. However, their prospects are unclear.[1] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_vaccine
HouseflyHousefly
... anthrax, ophthalmia,[48] and pyogenic cocci, making them especially problematic in hospitals and during outbreaks of certain ... declining only after the introduction of Salk's vaccine.[51] In China, Mao Zedong's Four Pests Campaign between 1958 and 1962 ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housefly
ZoonosisZoonosis
Use in vaccinesEdit. The first vaccine against smallpox by Edward Jenner in 1800 was by infection of a zoonotic bovine virus ... Close contact with cattle can lead to cutaneous anthrax infection, whereas inhalation anthrax infection is more common for ... "Inhalation Anthrax". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2017-03-26.. *^ "Avian flu: Poultry to be allowed outside under new rules". BBC ... Anthrax. Bacillus anthracis. commonly - grazing herbivores such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels, horses, and pigs. by ingestion ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonotic
위키백과:모든 언어의 위키백과마다 꼭 있어야 하는 문서 목록/확장판/생물학 및 의과학 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전위키백과:모든 언어의 위키백과마다 꼭 있어야 하는 문서 목록/확장판/생물학 및 의과학 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
Vaccine → 백신 (D). 의학 분야, 38[편집]. *Alternative medicine → 대체의학 (D) *Homeopathy → 동종요법 (E) ... Anthrax → 탄저 (D). *Bubonic plague → 선 페스트 (C). *Chickenpox → 수두 (B+). *Cholera → 콜레라 (C) ...
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/위키백과:모든_언어의_위키백과마다_꼭_있어야_하는_문서_목록/확장판/생물학_및_의과학
എച്ച് ഐ ബി വാക്സിൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയഎച്ച് ഐ ബി വാക്സിൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Vaccines. Bacterial. *Anthrax. *Brucellosis. *Cholera#. *Diphtheria#. *Hib#. *Leptospirosis. *Lyme disease‡. *Meningococcus# * ...
https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/എച്ച്_ഐ_ബി_വാക്സിൻ
Disability-adjusted life yearDisability-adjusted life year
... provision of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine costs $670 per DALY saved.[17] This number can then be compared to other ... anthrax, malaria, common diarrhea, and dysentery.[21] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability-adjusted_life_year
TetracyclineTetracycline
... is also used as a biomarker in wildlife to detect consumption of medicine- or vaccine-containing baits.[15] ... Certain rare or exotic infections, including anthrax, plague and brucellosis, are also susceptible to tetracyclines. These ... "Bait ingestion by free-ranging raccoons and nontarget species in an oral rabies vaccine field trial in Florida". J. Wildl. Dis ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracycline
List of vaccine topicsList of vaccine topics
Anthrax. Anthrax vaccines. BioThrax Bordetella pertussis. Whooping cough. DPT vaccine. Boostrix, Adacel, Daptacel, Infanrix, ... Rotavirus vaccine. Rotateq, Rotarix Rubella virus. Rubella. Rubella vaccine, MMR vaccine, MMRV vaccine. Priorix, MMR II, ... Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Ixiaro, Jespect, Imojev Measles virus. Measles. Measles vaccine, MMR vaccine, MMRV vaccine. ... Varicella vaccine, Shingles vaccine, MMRV vaccine. Varivax, Zostavax, ProQuad, Priorix Tetra Variola virus. Smallpox. Smallpox ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vaccine_topics
Black DeathBlack Death
Twigg suggested that the cause was a form of anthrax, and Norman Cantor thought it may have been a combination of anthrax and ... Modern treatment methods include insecticides, the use of antibiotics, and a plague vaccine. The plague bacterium could develop ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death
ಪ್ರತಿರಕ್ಷಣೆ(ಇಮ್ಯೂನೈಸೇಷನ್) - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಪ್ರತಿರಕ್ಷಣೆ(ಇಮ್ಯೂನೈಸೇಷನ್) - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
Vaccines. Bacterial. Anthrax · Brucellosis · Cholera# · Diphtheria# · Hib# · Meningococcus# (NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135, NmVac4-A/C/Y/W ... Classes: Inactivated vaccine · Live vector vaccine (Attenuated vaccine, Heterologous vaccine) · Toxoid · Subunit/component / ... Global: GAVI Alliance · Policy · Schedule · Vaccine injury. USA: ACIP · VAERS · VSD · Vaccine court · Vaccines for Children ... TA-CD • TA-NIC · NicVAX · Cancer vaccines (ALVAC-CEA vaccine, Hepatitis B# · HPV (Gardasil, Cervarix)) ...
https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಪ್ರತಿರಕ್ಷಣೆ
TetanusTetanus
... the tetanus vaccine is often administered as a combined vaccine, DPT/DTaP vaccine, which also includes vaccines against ... Tetanus toxoid vaccine was developed by P. Descombey in 1924, and was widely used to prevent tetanus induced by battle wounds ... Tetanus can be prevented by vaccination with tetanus toxoid.[28] The CDC recommends that adults receive a booster vaccine every ... Infection can be prevented by immunization with the tetanus vaccine.[1] In those who have a significant wound and less than ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus
PathogenPathogen
Vaccines against bacterial pathogens include the anthrax vaccine and the pneumococcal vaccine. Many other bacterial pathogens ... Vaccines are one common and effective preventive measure against a variety of viral pathogens.[29] Vaccines prime the immune ... Vaccines exist for viruses such as the measles, mumps, and rubella viruses and the influenza virus.[30] Some viruses such as ... "List of Vaccines , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2019-04-15. Retrieved 2019-11-06.. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogens
Tularemia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaTularemia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
No vaccine is available to the general public.[3] The best way to prevent tularemia infection is to wear rubber gloves when ... it is non-persistent and easy to decontaminate (unlike anthrax). *it is highly incapacitating to infected persons ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tularemia
Aluminium hydroxideAluminium hydroxide
Precipitated aluminium hydroxide is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines (e.g. anthrax vaccine). One of the well-known ... it also functions to stabilize vaccines by preventing the proteins in the vaccine from precipitating or sticking to the walls ... Cranage, MP; Robinson A (2003). Robinson A; Hudson MJ; Cranage MP (eds.). Vaccine Protocols - Volume 87 of Methods in Molecular ... Vaccine formulations containing aluminium hydroxide stimulate the immune system by inducing the release of uric acid, an ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumina_trihydrate
Rockefeller UniversityRockefeller University
"The yellow fever vaccine: A history"-section "First vaccine attempts". Yale J. Biol. Med. 83 (2): 77-85. PMC 2892770. PMID ... developed a powerful agent that can target and wipe out anthrax bacteria; ... Manuel Elkin Patarroyo, Colombian pathologist who made the world's first attempt of synthetic vaccine for malaria. Recipient of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_University_Hospital
വില്ലൻ ചുമ വാക്സിൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയവില്ലൻ ചുമ വാക്സിൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
വില്ലൻചുമയെ പ്രതിരോധിക്കുന്ന വാക്സിൻ ആണ് പെർട്ടുസ്സിസ് വാക്സിൻ(Pertussis vaccine).[1] ഇവ പ്രധാനമായും രണ്ടുതരത്തിലാണുള്ളത്: മുഴു ...
https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertussis_vaccine
ഫലകം:Vaccines - വിക്കിപീഡിയഫലകം:Vaccines - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Vaccines ,state=expanded}}. ഈ ഫലകത്തിന്റെ ഉള്ളടക്കത്തെ എപ്പോഴും മുഴുവനായി കാണിക്കാൻ ഇങ്ങനെ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക.. {{Vaccines ,state= ... Vaccines ,state=collapsed}}. ഈ ഫലകത്തിന്റെ ഉള്ളടക്കത്തെ മറച്ചുവെച്ച് പ്രധാന തലക്കെട്ട് മാത്രമായി കാണിക്കാൻ ഇങ്ങനെ ഉപയോഗിക്കുക. ... "https://ml.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ഫലകം:Vaccines&oldid=2398857" എന്ന താളിൽനിന്നു ശേഖരിച്ചത് ...
https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/ഫലകം:Vaccines
Howie WeinbergHowie Weinberg
The Vaccines - Come of Age (2012). *Van Halen - A Different Kind of Truth (2012) ... Anthrax - Spreading the Disease (1985). *Anti-Flag - For Blood and Empire (2006) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howie_Weinberg
Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) -- Anthrax Vaccine: What You Need to Know - English ...Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) -- Anthrax Vaccine: What You Need to Know - English ...
2 Anthrax vaccine. Anthrax vaccine can prevent anthrax.. Anthrax vaccine is approved by the Food and Drug People can get ... www.cdc.gov/anthrax. serious injury, or death.. Vaccine Information Statement. Anthrax Vaccine. Office use only. 01/08/2020. ... After getting a shot of anthrax vaccine, you may injured by the anthrax vaccine, you can learn more have:. about this Program ... anthrax vaccine.. is only for reporting reactions, and VAERS staff do not If you are receiving the vaccine because you have ...
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/anthrax.pdf
Vaccine Information Statement | Anthrax | CDCVaccine Information Statement | Anthrax | CDC
Anthrax vaccine can prevent anthrax.. People can get anthrax disease from contact with infected animals or contaminated animal ... Anthrax vaccine. Anthrax vaccine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and recommended for adults 18 through 65 ... Tell your vaccine provider if the person getting the vaccine:. *Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of anthrax ... Anthrax vaccine is also recommended for unvaccinated people of all ages who have been exposed to anthrax. These people should ...
http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/anthrax.html
Anthrax Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug InformationAnthrax Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Anthrax Vaccine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... The vaccine used in the United States does not contain B. anthracis cells and it does not cause anthrax. Anthrax vaccine was ... Anthrax vaccine is also recommended for unvaccinated people who have been exposed to anthrax in certain situations. These ... Gastrointestinal anthrax can lead to blood poisoning, shock, and death.. Inhalation Anthrax. This form of anthrax occurs when B ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a607013.html
US to stockpile anthrax vaccine | New ScientistUS to stockpile anthrax vaccine | New Scientist
US to stockpile anthrax vaccine. Health 15 December 2004 IT IS the classic bioterror nightmare - tonnes of lethal anthrax ... Everything you need to know about Russias coronavirus vaccine claims * Nations buying up covid-19 vaccine doses endanger ... Everything you need to know about Russias coronavirus vaccine claims * Covid-19 news: Germany joins Spain in worrying surge of ... Everything you need to know about Russias coronavirus vaccine claims * Ordinary bricks laced with conductive fibres can store ...
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18424783-400-us-to-stockpile-anthrax-vaccine/
Testing the Anthrax Vaccine in Children | ScienceBlogsTesting the Anthrax Vaccine in Children | ScienceBlogs
... to make recommendations about testing the anthrax vaccine in children. The vaccine has been tested in adults, administered to ... to make recommendations about testing the anthrax vaccine in children. The vaccine has been tested in adults, administered to ... Let them eat anthrax vaccine. Bioterrorism defense dollars seem to be devoted mainly to procurement. This follows President ... Parents offered a slot in the anthrax vaccine trial for their children would have to rely on the same experts who believed ...
https://scienceblogs.com/thepumphandle/2011/10/27/testing-the-anthrax-vaccine-in
Did the military secretly doctor the anthrax vaccine?Did the military secretly doctor the anthrax vaccine?
In Vaccine A: The Covert Government Experiment Thats Killing Our Soldiers-and Why GIs Are Only the First Victims, Gary ... Anthrax Scare. Did the military secretly doctor its anthrax vaccine?. By Jon Cohen ... Developed in the 1950s and approved by the FDA in 1970, the anthrax vaccine requires an extraordinary six doses-most vaccines ... To read more about the anthrax vaccine, click here.) Yet in his strained attempt to expose what the jacket calls the "worst ...
https://slate.com/technology/2004/11/did-the-military-secretly-doctor-the-anthrax-vaccine.html
Did the military secretly doctor the anthrax vaccine?Did the military secretly doctor the anthrax vaccine?
In Vaccine A: The Covert Government Experiment Thats Killing Our Soldiers-and Why GIs Are Only the First Victims, Gary ... Developed in the 1950s and approved by the FDA in 1970, the anthrax vaccine requires an extraordinary six doses-most vaccines ... To read more about the anthrax vaccine, click here. .) Yet in his strained attempt to expose what the jacket calls the "worst ... The adjuvant used in the FDA-licensed anthrax vaccine is aluminum hydroxide, or alum, which has a long safety record in other ...
http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2004/11/anthrax_scare.single.html
ANTHRAX VACCINE DEBATE MOVES TO CONGRESS - Hartford CourantANTHRAX VACCINE DEBATE MOVES TO CONGRESS - Hartford Courant
The Department of Defense is in the midst of an effort to immunize all 2.4 million active duty personnel against deadly anthrax ... The concerns of some servicemen and women that anthrax immunization shots may be harmful to their health will be addressed at a ... Apparent problems with the use of the anthrax vaccine first began surfacing among some veterans of the Persian Gulf War. And ... The Defense Department insists the vaccine has been proved safe over years of use. Cohen took the vaccine himself to show the ...
https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1999-03-24-9903240226-story.html
The Anthrax Vaccine SanfuThe Anthrax Vaccine Sanfu
... the anthrax vaccine has regained prominence in the news. In that respect, there is bad news and worse news, both for those who ... There is only one source for the vaccine in the United States and that is Bioport located in Lansing, Michigan. The company has ... of foul-ups that could portend long range health problems and even death for American servicemen forced to take the vaccine. ... want the vaccine and those who have taken it. ... 10, 2001.With the possibility of an anthrax terrorist incident ...
http://educate-yourself.org/vcd/vcdanthraxvacsanfu10oct01.shtml
IDF secretly uses soldiers as anthrax vaccine guinea pigsIDF secretly uses soldiers as anthrax vaccine guinea pigs
TV documentary reveals army tested experimental anthrax vaccines on elite combat soldiers, but refused to treat them after ... IDF secretly uses soldiers as anthrax vaccine guinea pigs. TV documentary reveals army tested experimental anthrax vaccines on ... In 2004, a US district judge ruled that the program of anthrax vaccine for use on American military personnel be stopped due to ... It was explained that the experiment they would undergo constituted the final phase prior to anthrax vaccine production in ...
https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3401245,00.html
Anthrax vaccines - WikipediaAnthrax vaccines - Wikipedia
"Anthrax and Anthrax Vaccine-Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Archived August 24, 2012, at the ... The widely used British anthrax vaccine-sometimes called Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated (AVP) to distinguish it from the similar ... the basis of most of the improved livestock anthrax vaccines throughout the world. Anthrax vaccines were developed in the ... These vaccines may be given by aerosol, scarification, or subcutaneous injection. A Georgian/Russian live anthrax spore vaccine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_vaccines
Anthrax Vaccine/Treatment - Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins | AetnaAnthrax Vaccine/Treatment - Medical Clinical Policy Bulletins | Aetna
Vaccines for preventing anthrax. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(1):CD000975.. *Grabenstein JD. Vaccines: Countering anthrax ... The anthrax vaccine is made by BioPort Corp. (Lansing, MI), which is awaiting U.S. FDA approval to resume shipping the vaccine ... Also, an anthrax vaccine has been licensed for use in humans. The vaccine is reported to be 93 % effective in protecting ... Intravenous human anthrax immune globulin (Anthrasil) - no specific code:. 90581. Anthrax vaccine, for subcutaneous or ...
http://www.aetna.com/cpb/medical/data/400_499/0483.html
Intranasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate Off to the RacesIntranasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate "Off to the Races"
The BW-1010 vaccine - developed in partnership with Porton Biopharma Ltd. (PBL)-is designed to outlast the anthrax vaccine ... BlueWillow Biologics this month plans to vaccinate its first patients with a next-generation anthrax vaccine candidate. ... Vaccines. Intranasal Anthrax Vaccine Candidate "Off to the Races". BlueWillow Biologics Partners with PBL to Bring BW-1010 into ... The BW-1010 vaccine-developed in partnership with Porton Biopharma Ltd. (PBL)-is designed to outlast the anthrax vaccine ...
https://www.genengnews.com/gen-edge/intranasal-anthrax-vaccine-candidate-off-to-the-races/
Vaccine and Treatment Research - How Anthrax Works | HowStuffWorksVaccine and Treatment Research - How Anthrax Works | HowStuffWorks
... and those who work with animals and animal by-products that may be infected with anthrax. The vaccine uses the anthrax ... There is a separate vaccine for use in animals. (That vaccine cant be used in humans.) ... The vaccine that was developed in the 1950s (licensed in 1970), is currently only given to military personnel, people who work ... the Harvard Medical School have uncovered a possible therapy that can be used both as a vaccine and as a treatment for anthrax ...
https://science.howstuffworks.com/anthrax6.htm
Anthrax Disease - National Vaccine Information CenterAnthrax Disease - National Vaccine Information Center
Read the NVIC special report to learn more about anthrax vaccine. ... Anthrax Vaccine. *Anthrax vaccine is licensed for use in adults between the ages of 18 and 65, who are at high risk for ... How Effective Is Anthrax Vaccine?. The current anthrax vaccine is given in a five-dose series over an 18 month period, followed ... Anthrax vaccine urged for Hill staff. The Washington Post.. Williams TD. June 02, 2001. Anthrax vaccine complaints on rise. The ...
https://www.nvic.org/Vaccines-and-Diseases/Anthrax.aspx
Anthrax Vaccine, Treatment & SymptomsAnthrax Vaccine, Treatment & Symptoms
Anthrax is a disease caused by exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores. Learn about vaccination, treatment, symptoms, signs, and ... Anthrax Prevention - Patient Experience Have you had an anthrax vaccine? Please describe your experience. ... Anthrax meningitis*This type of anthrax may complicate any form of anthrax and spread throughout the lining tissues of the ... Anthrax, however, can be lethal. There are several ways anthrax can cause illness. These are the three main ways anthrax ...
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/anthrax/article_em.htm
Anthrax Spore Vaccine (Canada) for Animal Use - Drugs.comAnthrax Spore Vaccine (Canada) for Animal Use - Drugs.com
Learn about Anthrax Spore Vaccine (Canada) for animal usage including: active ingredients, directions for use, precautions, and ... Anthrax Spore Vaccine (Canada). This page contains information on Anthrax Spore Vaccine for veterinary use.. The information ... Anthrax Spore Vaccine is prepared from a virtually non-pathogenic, nonencapsulated variant strain of B. anthracis. This vaccine ... Anthrax Spore Vaccine. This treatment applies to the following species:. *Beef Cattle ...
https://www.drugs.com/vet/anthrax-spore-vaccine-can.html
BioThrax (anthrax vaccine) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects - Drugs.comBioThrax (anthrax vaccine) Uses, Dosage, Side Effects - Drugs.com
BioThrax is used to help prevent anthrax in people exposed to the bacteria through the skin or lungs. Learn about side effects ... Generic Name: anthrax vaccine (ANTH rax vax EEN). Brand Name: BioThrax. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Nov 2 ... BioThrax vaccine is used to help prevent anthrax in adults with a high risk of exposure to the anthrax bacteria in certain work ... BioThrax is used to help prevent anthrax disease in adults. Anthrax vaccine will not treat an active infection that has already ...
https://www.drugs.com/biothrax.html
Making a safer anthrax vaccine using spinach - ScienceBlog.comMaking a safer anthrax vaccine using spinach - ScienceBlog.com
Purified PA is currently used as a vaccine against anthrax. However, the licensed vaccine derived from apathogenic B. anthracis ... Protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis is one of the three components of the anthrax toxin, says Alexander Karasev, a ... Researchers have developed a strategy for making a safer anthrax vaccine: enlisting the help of spinach plants to manufacture a ... has side effects and a more efficacious and safer vaccine is needed. ...
https://scienceblog.com/1206/making-a-safer-anthrax-vaccine-using-spinach/
FDA approves shortened anthrax-vaccine course | CIDRAPFDA approves shortened anthrax-vaccine course | CIDRAP
... recently approved a new version of BioThrax-the nations only licensed anthrax vaccine-that requires fewer doses and changes ... The vaccine is required for US military members who are deployed to the Middle East, but some have objected to the vaccine ... recently approved a new version of BioThrax-the nations only licensed anthrax vaccine-that requires fewer doses and changes ... The goal of the study is to evaluate if as few as three doses of the vaccine administered over 6 months with booster doses up ...
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2008/12/fda-approves-shortened-anthrax-vaccine-course
Anthrax Spore Vaccine | Jeffers PetAnthrax Spore Vaccine | Jeffers Pet
For vaccinating all domestic farm animals against anthrax. Administer 1 mL SQ preferab ... For vaccinating all domestic farm animals against anthrax. Administer 1 mL SQ preferably a month before the disease usually ... For vaccinating all domestic farm animals against anthrax. Administer 1 mL SQ preferab Read More ... When choosing 2-Day or Ground shipping, vaccines likely will arrive warm. ...
https://www.jefferspet.com/products/anthrax-spore-vac-10-d
Statement on anthrax vaccine safetyStatement on anthrax vaccine safety
The anthrax vaccine being given to U.S. military personnel was licensed in 1970. Before the vaccine was licensed, the vaccine ... VACCINE SAFETY. Studies have been performed to examine the safety of both the original vaccine and the licensed vaccine. These ... The studies on the licensed vaccine focused on the efficacy of the vaccine in protecting animals against inhalation of anthrax ... The study on the original vaccine concluded that the vaccine offered protection against anthrax penetrating human skin. ...
http://www.whale.to/vaccines/anthrax2.html
HHS announces contracts for developing a new anthrax vaccine | EurekAlert! Science NewsHHS announces contracts for developing a new anthrax vaccine | EurekAlert! Science News
Thompson today announced that NIAID has awarded two companies contracts designed to spur development of a new anthrax vaccine. ... This type of vaccine is called a recombinant protective antigen (rPA) anthrax vaccine. The companies challenge will be to take ... Under the terms of the contracts, the companies will base their vaccine candidates on a promising vaccine concept. The vaccine ... The new vaccine will be required to provide immunity to inhalation anthrax in three or fewer doses, which is expected to reduce ...
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-10/nioa-hac100302.php
Indian scientists develop more potent Anthrax vaccine - The Hindu BusinessLineIndian scientists develop more potent Anthrax vaccine - The Hindu BusinessLine
Anthrax is a deadly human disease caused by bacterium Bacillus anthracis that also infects animals like horses, sheep, cattle ... A group of Indian scientists have developed a new vaccine against anthrax. It is claimed to be superior over existing vaccines ... The anti-anthrax vaccines available in market generate immune response against a Bacillus protein-protective antigen - a ... While antibiotics are also available, vaccines for anthrax are necessary as the infection can cause death within 2-3 days ...
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/indian-scientists-develop-more-potent-anthrax-vaccine/article27995317.ece
Vaccines: countering anthrax: vaccines and immunoglobulins. - PubMed - NCBIVaccines: countering anthrax: vaccines and immunoglobulins. - PubMed - NCBI
Vaccines: countering anthrax: vaccines and immunoglobulins.. Grabenstein JD1.. Author information. 1. Merck Vaccines and ... to counter the malicious release of anthrax spores. The key protective factor in current anthrax vaccines for humans is a ... The US vaccine is licensed to prevent anthrax, regardless of the route of exposure. Its dosing schedule is cumbersome and ... Anthrax spores rank as the leading threat among bioweapons. This article reviews the accumulated evidence for immunization, ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18171228?dopt=Abstract
BioThrax® (Anthrax) Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govBioThrax® (Anthrax) Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
BioThrax® (Anthrax) Vaccine in Pregnancy Registry. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of ... Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Active duty women who received one or more doses of BioThrax while pregnant, with the onset of ... Drug Information available for: Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Eclampsia ... Anthrax. Congenital Abnormalities. Bacillaceae Infections. Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections. Bacterial Infections. Vaccines. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01653392?recr=Open&cond=%22Pregnancy%22&rank=4
Presidential office admits importing anthrax vaccines, only for treatmentPresidential office admits importing anthrax vaccines, only for treatment
The presidential office on Sunday confirmed it imported anthrax vaccines this year, but denied claims that it has only ... "The need to introduce anthrax vaccines came after the anthrax delivery accident at the US military base here in 2015. And we ... Cheong Wa Dae said it imported 350 doses of anthrax vaccines on Nov. 2, after getting approval from the Ministry of Food and ... Following the report, a local media outlet said the presidential office had purchased 500 doses of anthrax vaccines for its ...
http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20171225000166
Anthrax Vaccine: What You Need to KnowAnthrax Vaccine: What You Need to Know
This two-page fact sheet provides basic information on anthrax, the anthrax vaccine, who should get the vaccine, and the risks ... This two-page fact sheet provides basic information on anthrax, the anthrax vaccine, who should get the vaccine, and the risks ... Development of a guinea pig inhalational anthrax model for evaluation of post-exposure prophylaxis efficacy of anthrax vaccines ... More News: Anthrax , Anthrax Vaccine , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , Infectious Diseases , International ...
https://medworm.com/659358820/anthrax-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know/
Israel to pay $6 million compensation to anthrax vaccine trial subjects - RT World NewsIsrael to pay $6 million compensation to anthrax vaccine trial subjects - RT World News
The Israeli government will pay out thousands of dollars in compensation to 716 soldiers who took part in an anthrax vaccine ... Israel to pay $6 million compensation to anthrax vaccine trial subjects Published time: 13 Jan, 2014 17:19 Edited time: 13 Jan ... The Israeli government will pay out thousands of dollars in compensation to 716 soldiers who took part in an anthrax vaccine ... modified Israeli vaccine against the deadly anthrax bacterium, which the authorities believed could be unleashed in a terrorist ...
https://www.rt.com/news/anthrax-israel-idf-vaccine-compensation-536/
SporesAntigenBioThraxImmunizationRecombinantBacillusDepartment of DefeToxinProtectiveInhalationEmergent BioSolutionsBacteriaImmunogenicityInfectionInhalational anthraxAntibiotics1970EfficacyNext-generation anthrax vaccineSpore VaccineHumansImmunityAntigensBiologicalExperimentalStockpileSkipVaccination programVaccine'sAnthracisCutaneous AnthraxAdjuvantMillion dosesCurrent vaccineDoseImmune responseMandatoryCenters for DiseasVaccinationsStrainsInjectionsForm of anthraxBacterialGastrointestinalSoldiersClinicalProtection against anthraxEffective vaccineDoses of anthraxMilitary's anthrax vaccineDeadlyRecipientsAdverse reactionsMake the vaccineBetter vaccineDiseaseStrain of anthrax2001 anthraxIntranasal vaccineAllergic reactionCauses Anthrax
Spores59
  • From inhaling spores of the bacteria that causes anthrax. (cdc.gov)
  • IT IS the classic bioterror nightmare - tonnes of lethal anthrax spores dumped on a city. (newscientist.com)
  • The Department of Defense is in the midst of an effort to immunize all 2.4 million active duty personnel against deadly anthrax spores, potentially spread by enemy troops or terrorists. (courant.com)
  • HEPA air cleaners continuously clean the indoor air and release of 1.5 kg of anthrax spores in lower Manhattan. (cdc.gov)
  • Persons who work with imported animal hides or furs in areas where standards are insufficient to prevent exposure to anthrax spores. (aetna.com)
  • Anthrax most commonly occurs in animals such as cattle, sheep, horses and goats after they graze in areas contaminated with spores of B. anthracis . (nvic.org)
  • Anthrax is caused by exposure to the spores of the bacteria Bacillus anthracis that become entrenched in the host body and produce lethal poisons. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Buzzards and vultures are naturally resistant to anthrax but may transmit the spores on their talons and beaks. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The bacteria that cause anthrax are able to go into a dormant phase, in which they form spores. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • If terrorists were to use the anthrax spores, they would most likely want to disperse it into the air for mass effect. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • As seen in October 2001, terrorists could also deliver anthrax by other means, such as placing spores in letters or packages to be opened, inhaled, and handled by unsuspecting recipients. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Cutaneous (skin) anthrax causes a characteristic sore on the skin and results from exposure to the spores after handling sick animals or contaminated animal wool, hair, hides, or bone meal products. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Inhalational anthrax results from breathing anthrax spores into the lungs . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • People who handle animal hides infested with spores may develop inhalational anthrax, known as woolsorter's disease. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Cutaneous anthrax occurs one to seven days (usually two to five) after spores enter the body through breaks in the skin. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • This vaccine is a suspension of viable Bacillus anthracis spores in Saponin. (drugs.com)
  • There is an urgent need to devise more effective measures to protect U.S. citizens from the harmful effects of anthrax spores used as instruments of terror," said Secretary Thompson. (eurekalert.org)
  • It is hoped that a quicker administration time and other technological improvements would allow the vaccine to protect individuals from anthrax spores even if the vaccine was given shortly after exposure. (eurekalert.org)
  • It is claimed to be superior over existing vaccines as it can generate immune response to anthrax toxin as well as its spores rather than the toxin alone. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • In 2001, these spores were used as agents of bio-terrorism when letters containing anthrax spores were sent to some people in America, leading to widespread panic. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • Spores of the bacterium that causes anthrax are present in soil and can stay in latent form for years. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • Anyone vaccinated with such a vaccine would show no immune response to bacillus spores and only perform once spores germinate and release toxins. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • Studies have, however, shown that when inactivated spores are injected in addition to vaccine, the protection towards bacillus is enhanced. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • Researchers from the Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Mysore and Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) decided to develop a single vaccine which is effective against both the toxin and its spores so as to provide complete protection. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • It was found that these antibodies were also able to individually bind both protective antigen and spore protein demonstrating that the vaccine can produce immune response against both spores and the toxin. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • The ability of fused protein to generate protective immune responses against both spores and toxin suggests it as an efficient vaccine candidate against B. anthracis infection," explained Joseph Kingston, a scientist at DRDL, while speaking to India Science Wire. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • While discussing the future directions, Rakesh Bhatnagar, co-author of the study and a professor at JNU, said, "We intend to study protective efficacy of this vaccine against Bacillus spores and toxins in higher animal models. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • Anthrax spores rank as the leading threat among bioweapons. (nih.gov)
  • This article reviews the accumulated evidence for immunization, either active or passive, to counter the malicious release of anthrax spores. (nih.gov)
  • The last confirmed anthrax attack was in the US in 2001, when five people died after becoming infected with spores sent through the mail. (rt.com)
  • The study field sites were four wool-sorting mills in the northeastern United States where employees were sometimes exposed to anthrax spores in the course of their work. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis and spreads when the anthrax spores are inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with the skin lesion on a host. (medindia.net)
  • These trials and other medical countermeasures are intended to prepare the nation in the event of a bioterrorist attack, like the one in 2001 in which letters containing anthrax spores killed five people and infected 17 others. (thehastingscenter.org)
  • A recent project called Dark Zephyr found that the release of anthrax spores in a city such as San Francisco could result in infection of 7.6 million people , nearly a quarter of which would be children. (thehastingscenter.org)
  • FACT: If ever children were exposed to anthrax spores, they would be given antibiotics, such as Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline, which have been FDA-approved for pediatric use against anthrax-and recommended by CDC. (ahrp.org)
  • FACT: FDA has not licensed BioThrax for use following exposure to anthrax spores. (ahrp.org)
  • And the toxins produced by anthrax spores can be deadly, especially if inhaled. (wkar.org)
  • Vaccines: Avirulent Anthrax Spore Vaccine (Living) is a suspension of living spores of an uncapsulated avirulent strain of Bascillus anthracis. (wellcomecollection.org)
  • Anthrax spores can remain in the environment or even in the lungs of exposed individuals for some time. (phys.org)
  • In the 2001 attack in which anthrax spores were mailed to members of Congress and reporters, some anthrax-exposed individuals were given antibiotics but not the existing anthrax vaccine, because it requires six injections over a period of six months and may cause adverse reactions. (phys.org)
  • The vaccine also induced immunity on the mucous membranes of the nose and lungs, where inhaled anthrax spores enter the body and start a process that can cause illness and death. (phys.org)
  • After administering the vaccine, the researchers challenged the immune systems of immunized guinea pigs with injections of 1,000 times the lethal dose of Bacillus anthracis spores. (phys.org)
  • Studies with textile mill workers tested the efficacy of AVA and a related vaccine against occupational exposures to anthrax spores. (nap.edu)
  • Studies with animals tested the efficacy of the vaccine in protecting the animals from inhalational exposure to anthrax spores. (nap.edu)
  • The goat hair was typically contaminated with anthrax spores, and workers were exposed during handling of this material. (nap.edu)
  • We developed a mathematical model to compare 2 indoor remediation strategies in the aftermath of an outdoor release of 1.5 kg of anthrax spores in lower Manhattan. (cdc.gov)
  • Anthrax occurs in humans when they are exposed to infected animals, tissue from infected animals or when they are directly exposed to B. anthracis or its spores. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Anthrax is considered one of the more likely agents to be used in a biological attack, primarily because its spores are very stable and easy to disperse. (michbio.org)
  • With today's approval of BioThrax, we now have a vaccine that can be used, together with antibiotic treatment, to prevent disease after exposure to anthrax spores," said Karen Midthun, M.D., director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. (michbio.org)
  • Whether effective vaccines will be developed against spores is still an open question. (harvard.edu)
  • An ideal vaccine would confer simultaneous protection against spores, bacilli, and toxins. (harvard.edu)
  • On the 70(th) day of the study, the NZW rabbits were challenged with a lethal dose of aerosolized anthrax spores. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Inhalation anthrax is one of the most serious of all bioterror threats because of the fatal nature of the disease and the stability and ease of dispersion of Bacillus anthracis spores. (asm.org)
  • We need a better vaccine to help protect people from anthrax infection, whether the vaccine is given before or soon after exposure to anthrax spores. (bio-medicine.org)
  • In their current work, the team describes testing a higher dose of the capsule vaccine in monkeys against a lethal aerosol challenge with anthrax spores. (technologynetworks.com)
  • In preparing the dry live aerosol anthrax vaccine the use of a spore culture of the STI-1 single vaccine strain and culturing of the latter on a solid medium in the AKMSh has considerably simplified the culturing process and ensured large amounts of spore culture obtained with a concentration of up to 10 billion spores in 1 mm of wash. (dtic.mil)
  • For a prolonged storage of the viable spores in dry live aerosol anthrax vaccine, it is necessary to store it under deep vacuum in the range of 100-150 microns and at temperatures not exceeding 10 degrees. (dtic.mil)
  • However, the only documented use of anthrax in the United States with the intention to harm in the past 10 years happened a week after the 9/11 attacks, when "letters containing anthrax spores arrived at several media offices and two Senate offices, killing five people and sickening 17 others. (blogspot.com)
  • The new single vaccine is effective against both the toxin and its spores so as to provide complete protection. (studyiq.com)
Antigen42
  • Developed in the 1950s and approved by the FDA in 1970, the anthrax vaccine requires an extraordinary six doses-most vaccines work with three or fewer-and contains what's called "protective antigen," a toxin made by the anthrax bacterium. (slate.com)
  • In theory, injections of the protective antigen teach people's immune systems to make antibodies that later will protect them should they become exposed to anthrax. (slate.com)
  • To help rev up the antibody response against the protective antigen, the anthrax vaccine also contains a chemical called an adjuvant, which essentially serves as an irritant to command the immune system's full attention. (slate.com)
  • The vaccine uses the anthrax protective antigen to make the body create immunity to the disease. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Because mutant protective antigen also appears to bring about an immune response (at least in rats), it has the potential to be a vaccine as well as a treatment. (howstuffworks.com)
  • This vaccine works by exposing you to an antigen protein that causes your body to develop immunity to the disease. (drugs.com)
  • Protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis is one of the three components of the anthrax toxin," says Alexander Karasev, a lead researcher on the study. (scienceblog.com)
  • Plants can be an excellent vehicle for production of a subunit vaccine against anthrax based on protective antigen," says Karasev. (scienceblog.com)
  • The vaccine will contain the protective antigen of the anthrax bacterium, which will be produced with recombinant DNA technology. (eurekalert.org)
  • This type of vaccine is called a recombinant protective antigen (rPA) anthrax vaccine. (eurekalert.org)
  • The anti-anthrax vaccines available in market generate immune response against a Bacillus protein-protective antigen - a protein that helps in transport of bacillus toxins inside the cells. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • The key protective factor in current anthrax vaccines for humans is a protein called protective antigen, which allows ingress of toxins into cells. (nih.gov)
  • The lethality of anthrax is primarily the result of the effects of anthrax toxin, which has 3 components: a receptor-binding protein known as ' protective antigen ' (PA). (medworm.com)
  • As with the Sterne (veterinary) anthrax vaccine strain and the similar British anthrax vaccine (known as AVP), AVA lacks the capsule plasmid pXO2 (required for full virulence) and is composed chiefly of the anthrax protective antigen (PA) with small amounts of edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) that may vary from lot to lot. (wikipedia.org)
  • Considered the next generation anthrax vaccine, the new formulation is based on an anthrax recombinant protective antigen (rPA) and can be formulated as a dry powder and self-administered through the nose using a novel, disposable powder delivery device, the researchers say. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • As part of the deal, Emisphere will combine a vaccine based on a recombinant protein antigen and combine it with its eligenT delivery agents, molecules that help larger macromolecules like proteins be transported across membranes through which they don't naturally flow, like the intestine. (ucla.edu)
  • In the research, the scientists created a “multivalent display,†with several sites of attachment for recombinant protective antigen protein (PA), the primary component of the current anthrax vaccine, rather than only one. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • The researchers say this may make the vaccine safer than the alternative because BioThrax contains small amounts of the anthrax toxin, the protein Protective Antigen A (PA), while the new vaccine contains only the protective antigen. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The active ingredient of the anthrax vaccine is a sterile filtered, alum precipitated antigen which is presented as a suspension for injection. (watson-marlow.com)
  • Serological studies with humans tested the ability of AVA to elicit antibodies to protective antigen (PA), an indication of an immune response to the vaccine. (nap.edu)
  • Recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA), the nontoxic cell-binding component of anthrax lethal toxin, is the principal immunogen of the vaccines currently undergoing human clinical trials. (nih.gov)
  • Immunogenicity and tolerance of ascending doses of a recombinant protective antigen (rPA102) anthrax vaccine: a randomized, double-blinded, control. (nih.gov)
  • We report the results of a phase I dose escalation, safety and immunogenicity trial of a new recombinant protective antigen (rPA102) anthrax vaccine. (nih.gov)
  • As protective antigen (PA) is a central virulence factor in anthrax pathogenesis and a major immunogen in the current vaccine, a recombinant, acellular, protective antigen-based anthrax vaccine, could offer an improved manufacturing process and a simpler dosing schedule. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The antigens included the anthrax protective antigen (PA) (83 kDa) and the mutated (mut) capsular antigen F1 and the low-calcium-response V antigen of the type 3 secretion system from Y. pestis (F1mutV) (56 kDa). (asm.org)
  • In a presentation entitled, 'Recombinant Protective Antigen Vaccine (SparVax(R) ) Provides Protection Equivalent to BioThrax(R) Against Lethal Challenge with Bacillus anthracis in New Zealand White Rabbits,' Dr. Sherry Crowe, Director, Immunology for PharmAthene, presented survival and toxin neutralization assay (TNA) results from a non-clinical anthrax aerosol challenge model. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Eric Richman, President and Chief Executive Officer, remarked, 'These latest data provide additional supportive evidence of the potential efficacy of SparVax(R) as a novel next-generation recombinant protective antigen (rPA)-based anthrax vaccine. (fiercepharma.com)
  • In a second poster presentation entitled 'Imaging Capillary Electrophoresis Discriminates Slow from Fast Asparagine Deamidation that may Predict Potency for Recombinant Protective Antigen Anthrax Vaccines, ' Dr. Bradford Powell, Director, Analytical Sciences, presented new analytical data for SparVax(R) evaluating the structural characteristics of rPA relative to biological activity. (fiercepharma.com)
  • In the present study, we sought to determine whether three commonly used toxin neutralization assays-J774A.1 cell-, RAW 264.7 cell-, and CHO cell-based assays-yield comparable estimates of neutralization activities for sera obtained after vaccination with anthrax vaccines composed of recombinant protective antigen (rPA). (asm.org)
  • Anthrax toxin is a tripartite toxin, composed of a binary combination of three proteins: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). (asm.org)
  • platform with PBL's recombinant protective antigen (rPA) for anthrax. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • According to BlueWillow, dendritic cells sample the vaccine at the nasal mucosa and carry the antigen back to the immune system, eliciting both mucosal and systemic immunity. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • Studies of the pathogenesis of anthrax and of the immune responses following infection and immunization underscore the pivotal role that antibodies to the protective antigen play in protection. (ovid.com)
  • The most promising vaccine candidates contain purified recombinant protective antigen. (ovid.com)
  • Animal studies have demonstrated that the addition of CpG DNA adjuvants to BioThrax can markedly increase the immunogenicity of the vaccine, increasing both serum anti-protective antigen (PA) antibody and anthrax toxin-neutralizing antibody (TNA) concentrations. (nih.gov)
  • Current human vaccines for anthrax are based on the protective antigen component of the anthrax toxins. (technologynetworks.com)
  • However, according to senior author Arthur M. Friedlander, M.D., of USAMRIID, concerns about reliance on a single antigen-as well as the issue of protecting against anthrax strains that may be vaccine resistant-have prompted the search for additional vaccine components. (technologynetworks.com)
  • This new capsule vaccine is expected to work against possible vaccine-resistant strains of anthrax and to protect individuals who may not respond optimally to protective antigen alone. (technologynetworks.com)
  • In addition, it could be combined with protective antigen to create a multi-component vaccine that may enhance the efficacy of protective antigen- based vaccines. (technologynetworks.com)
  • To better understand and prevent such losses, Dominant Negative Inhibitor (DNI), a recombinant protein antigen for a candidate vaccine against anthrax, was formulated as a liquid and as a glassy lyophilized powder with the adjuvants aluminum hydroxide and glycopyranoside lipid A (GLA). (ku.edu)
  • VeloThrax™ is the Company's proprietary DNI (dominant negative inhibitor) anthrax rPA (recombinant protective antigen) subunit protein vaccine. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • The enhanced vaccine was also stable at 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) for at least 3 months, indicating that the synthetic adjuvant component and the DNI antigen component were both stabilized. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
BioThrax34
  • BioThrax vaccine is used to help prevent anthrax in adults with a high risk of exposure to the anthrax bacteria in certain work settings, while traveling, or during military service. (drugs.com)
  • BioThrax vaccine does not contain live or killed forms of the bacteria that causes anthrax. (drugs.com)
  • Like any vaccine, BioThrax may not provide protection from disease in every person. (drugs.com)
  • BioThrax is used to help prevent anthrax disease in adults. (drugs.com)
  • BioThrax is used before exposure in people who may come into contact with anthrax bacteria in certain work settings, while traveling, or during military service. (drugs.com)
  • BioThrax is used together with antibiotics after exposure in people who have already come into contact with anthrax bacteria. (drugs.com)
  • You should not receive BioThrax if you have ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction to an anthrax vaccine, or if you have ever had anthrax disease acquired through the skin. (drugs.com)
  • Before receiving BioThrax, tell the doctor if you have ever had an allergic reaction to a vaccine, or if you have a weak immune system, if you are pregnant or breast-feeding, if you are allergic to latex rubber, if you are receiving chemotherapy or radiation, or if you have a history of Guillain-Barré syndrome. (drugs.com)
  • Before receiving BioThrax, tell the doctor about all other vaccines you have recently received. (drugs.com)
  • Dec 22, 2008 (CIDRAP News) - The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a new version of BioThrax-the nation's only licensed anthrax vaccine-that requires fewer doses and changes the injection route. (umn.edu)
  • Emergent BioSolutions, maker of BioThrax, said in a Dec 19 press release that the FDA's approval of the company's supplemental biologics license application for its anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) allows a new schedule for the vaccine: five intramuscular (IM) doses compared with the previous regimen of six subcutaneous doses. (umn.edu)
  • The purpose of this study is to determine if inadvertent receipt of the BioThrax vaccine during pregnancy is independently associated with adverse maternal, pregnancy, or infant health outcomes. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • More than one million adults, mostly member of the military have received BioThrax , the only FDA-licensed vaccine. (thehastingscenter.org)
  • Help stop a Corporate-Government fear mongering scheme aimed at expanding civilian use of a dangerous vaccine-BioThrax-with no proven benefit. (ahrp.org)
  • A phase 1 trial of a candidate anthrax vaccine, called AV7909, shows it was more immunogenic after two doses than BioThrax, the current vaccine, according to a study in Vaccine today. (umn.edu)
  • The study compared the safety and immune response of two injections of four different formulations of the experimental AV7909 vaccine with two doses of BioThrax (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed [AVA]), both of which are made by Emergent BioSolutions of Rockville, Md. AV7909 consists of AVA plus an immune-boosting adjuvant called CPG 7909. (umn.edu)
  • In addition to advanced development of NasoShield, BARDA has supported improvement of the currently licensed vaccine, BioThrax, so that fewer doses may be needed to protect against anthrax, as well as other novel vaccines that may require fewer doses, antibiotics and antitoxins. (phe.gov)
  • Funding and expertise from BARDA led BioThrax to become the first vaccine to earn FDA approval for post-exposure protection. (phe.gov)
  • Last month, Emergent BioSolutions announced that the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) intended to purchase more than 18 million doses of its Biothrax vaccine for the Strategic National Stockpile. (rawstory.com)
  • BioThrax is the only FDA-licensed vaccine for anthrax in the United States. (rawstory.com)
  • According to an Emergent press release , the act certifies BioThrax is an approved product for homeland security and provides significant liability protection in the event the vaccine is administered to civilians in a terrorist attack. (rawstory.com)
  • The experimental vaccine, developed by scientists from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Cancer Institute, was tested on rabbits and found to build up immunity to anthrax faster and more effectively than the anthrax-only vaccine, BioThrax, sold by Maryland company Emergent BioSolutions Inc., which is the version stockpiled by the US government. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The vaccine was tested in a single dose in rabbits, with control rabbits being given BioThrax and a further group being given the Pfizer smallpox vaccination. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The combination vaccine protected 33 percent of the rabbits, while only around 10 percent were protected by BioThrax. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Although Biothrax is a licensed vaccine against anthrax, no Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccine exists for plague. (asm.org)
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved a new indication for BioThrax (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed) to prevent disease following suspected or confirmed exposure to Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax disease. (michbio.org)
  • BioThrax was initially approved by the FDA in 1970 for the prevention of anthrax disease in persons at high risk of exposure. (michbio.org)
  • In addition, twenty animals were vaccinated with BioThrax(R) , the currently-licensed anthrax vaccine. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Importantly, Peralta added, the goal of the NIAID contract is to add at least another year of stability to the current three-year shelf life of BioThrax® (anthrax vaccine adsorbed), the anthrax vaccine stockpiled by the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) in the U.S. Strategic National Stockpile (SNS). (biotechnews.com.au)
  • Last year, Emergent introduced into SNS the next-gen anthrax vaccine candidate AV7909 [anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA), adjuvant] -a combination of BioThrax and the novel immunostimulatory compound CPG 7909 adjuvant, designed to be faster and offer greater immune response than BioThrax. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • In developing BW-1010, Peralta said, BlueWillow and PBL aim to produce a vaccine with fewer adverse events than generated by BioThrax. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • Immunization with BioThrax(®) (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed) is a safe and effective means of preventing anthrax. (nih.gov)
  • The one anthrax vaccine approved in the United States, called BioThrax, is made by Emergent BioSolutions Inc of Rockville, Maryland. (21stcenturywire.com)
  • Before the vaccine is administered the person is given a dose of BioThrax. (rocketswag.com)
Immunization19
  • The anthrax vaccination program was also shrouded in secrecy-most shots were not marked on their recipients' immunization cards. (slate.com)
  • The concerns of some servicemen and women that anthrax immunization shots may be harmful to their health will be addressed at a congressional hearing today. (courant.com)
  • Anthrax immunization is mandatory, even though no controlled human trials are available to support the conclusion it is safe in the long term or effective against airborne concentrations,' Shays said. (courant.com)
  • Aetna considers anthrax immunization a medically necessary preventive service for indications recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). (aetna.com)
  • The following discussion is based primarily on guidelines on use of anthrax vaccine from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and information on anthrax from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (aetna.com)
  • As you know, concerns have been raised about the Department of Defense s (DOD) anthrax immunization program since the Department began vaccinating the first of 2.4 million active duty and reserve members. (whale.to)
  • To treat anthrax infection, passive immunization using a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody product may offer important clinical benefit, especially if the anthrax bacteria are resistant to multiple antibiotics. (nih.gov)
  • To be phased in gradually, the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program began in March 1998 with personnel sent to high-risk areas, such as South Korea and Southwest Asia. (nationalacademies.org)
  • DoD remains convinced that the anthrax immunization program complies with all the legal requirements and that the anthrax vaccine is safe and effective. (nvic.org)
  • In laboratory tests using rabbits exposed to a lethal dose of inhalation anthrax, nasal immunization with the powder resulted in an 83 to 100 percent survival rate, similar to the protection offered by the injectable formulation, according to a key researcher on the project, Ge Jiang, PhD, a pharmaceutical scientist with BD Technologies. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The United States Department of Defense initiated the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP) in 1997 to immunize 2.4 million military personnel. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • The current anthrax vaccine is manufactured and distributed by BioPort Corp. out of Lansing, Mich. The immunization consists of three subcutaneous injections given two weeks apart followed by three additional subcutaneous injections given at six, 12, and 18 months. (ucla.edu)
  • The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices's report outlines five changes to the administration of anthrax vaccines, two of which had previously been announced in a February report. (bioprepwatch.com)
  • Virus-like particles coated with PA were found to produce a potent toxin-neutralizing antibody response that protected rats from the lethal anthrax toxin after only a single immunization. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • DOD's mandatory anthrax vaccine immunization program for military personnel : hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Sixth Congress, first session, April 29, 1999. (upenn.edu)
  • Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (U.S. (upenn.edu)
  • Doctrinal debate over the current anthrax vaccine's role in biodefense precipitated initiation of the Defense Department's mandatory anthrax vaccine immunization program. (hsaj.org)
  • Dry live aerosol anthrax vaccine is suitable for aerosol immunization if the calculated aspiration dose, when spraying the weighted quantity of the vaccine at 0.05 g for 1 cu m of the building by the PAV-65 device, is at least 1 mg. (dtic.mil)
  • In mice, stimulation of TLR-4 by the use of the synthetic adjuvant improved the outcome of vaccination by enhancing anthrax toxin neutralizing antibodies after a single immunization. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Recombinant2
  • New third-generation vaccines being researched include recombinant live vaccines and recombinant sub-unit vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the new study, the U-M team combined the nanoemulsion and a recombinant protein of Bacillus anthracis to make the vaccine, which they gave first to mice in either one or two applications. (phys.org)
Bacillus21
  • Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis . (aetna.com)
  • Vaccines against the livestock and human disease anthrax-caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis-have had a prominent place in the history of medicine, from Pasteur's pioneering 19th-century work with cattle (the first effective bacterial vaccine and the second effective vaccine ever) to the controversial late 20th century use of a modern product to protect American troops against the use of anthrax in biological warfare. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax is a disease caused by infection with spore-forming bacteria called Bacillus anthracis, which occur naturally in soil. (drugs.com)
  • Anthrax is a deadly human disease caused by bacterium Bacillus anthracis that also infects animals like horses, sheep, cattle and goats. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. (koreaherald.com)
  • Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax. (medworm.com)
  • Conventional anthrax vaccines, derived from Bacillus anthracis bacteria, require six doses over the course of an 18 month period, with annual booster injections recommended thereafter. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Concerns about anthrax-a potentially fatal disease caused by the spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis-as a weapon of bioterrorism has prompted increased efforts to develop better antitoxins and vaccines. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • Inhalational anthrax is a rare but often deadly disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, and is considered to be the foremost threat of biological warfare. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The charge specifically calls for evaluation of (1) the efficacy of the anthrax vaccine (AVA) in protecting humans from inhalational anthrax, (2) the efficacy of AVA against all known strains of Bacillus anthracis , and (3) the correlation of the effectiveness of the vaccine in animal models to its ability to protect humans. (nap.edu)
  • Anthrax is caused by a Gram-positive aerobic spore-forming bacillus called Bacillus anthracis. (nih.gov)
  • A team of researchers has now engineered a virus nanoparticle vaccine against Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis , tier 1 agents that pose serious threats to national security of the United States. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Anthrax is a zoonotic disease, occurring in wild and domestic mammals, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis). (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis , the causative agents of anthrax and plague, respectively, are two of the deadliest pathogenic bacteria that have been used as biological warfare agents. (asm.org)
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis of disease caused by Bacillus anthracis in high risk persons due to occupation or other activities for anthrax disease. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Bacillus anthracis ( B. anthracis ) is the etiological agent of anthrax affecting both humans and animals. (mdpi.com)
  • Zai X, Zhang J, Liu J, Liu J, Li L, Yin Y, Fu L, Xu J, Chen W. Quantitative Determination of Lethal Toxin Proteins in Culture Supernatant of Human Live Anthrax Vaccine Bacillus anthracis A16R. (mdpi.com)
  • The successful use of Bacillus anthracis as a lethal biological weapon has prompted renewed research interest in the development of more effective vaccines against anthrax. (harvard.edu)
  • The disease consists of three critical components: spore, bacillus, and toxin, elimination of any of which confers at least partial protection against anthrax. (harvard.edu)
  • Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax, is recognized as one of the most significant bioterrorism threats. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Anthrax is a type of disease that is caused by the bacteria called Bacillus anthracis . (rocketswag.com)
Department of Defe10
  • He accuses the Department of Defense of slipping this experimental vaccine past the Food and Drug Administration and involving unwitting troops in a human test that Matsumoto repeatedly equates with Nazi experimentation and the infamous Tuskegee syphilis study. (slate.com)
  • On the eve of the Persian Gulf War in October 1990, the Department of Defense did not have enough anthrax vaccine for its troops, and the DoD's pressing deployment plans created a time crunch-ideally, the vaccine requires six shots over 18 months to develop a full antibody response. (slate.com)
  • Bioport's only customer is the Department of Defense (DOD) which has an exclusive contract forbidding sale of the vaccine to anyone except the DOD. (educate-yourself.org)
  • Because anthrax is considered to be a potential agent for use in biological warfare, the Department of Defense (DOD) has begun mandatory vaccination of all active duty military personnel who might be involved in conflict. (aetna.com)
  • In the US, the principal purchasers of the vaccine are the Department of Defense and Department of Health and Human Services. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pregnant women are currently exempted from anthrax vaccination by a Department of Defense policy. (bioprepwatch.com)
  • The Department of Defense has said it is developing a new anthrax vaccine to respond to the concerns connected to the one in use now, but it asserts that the vaccine is both safe and effective. (courant.com)
  • The Department of Defense continued its controversial mandatory anthrax vaccinations program despite high ranking Bush administration officials acknowledging there were problems with the vaccine within months of the Bush administration taking office well before the 9/11 attacks and the October 2001 anthrax letters. (rawstory.com)
  • The Congress has responded to these concerns by mandating further study of the vaccine by the Department of Defense (DoD), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), both individually and collaboratively. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Past problems with the Department of Defense anthrax vaccine currently impact Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human Services policy. (hsaj.org)
Toxin15
  • The immune response generated in rats by the new agent protects against lethal toxin exposure after only one injection, and is faster and stronger than any currently available vaccine. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • The antitoxin strategy arose from the discovery of the anthrax toxin receptor, ANTXR2, in the Young lab. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • The chimeric virus-like particle platform, which produces protective immunity and has been shown to be safe, inhibited lethal toxin action in in vitro and in vivo models of anthrax infection. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • Even when animals were threatened with lethal doses of both anthrax lethal toxin and Y. pestis CO92 bacteria, the vaccine was shown to be effective. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Anthrax toxin (AT) plays a major role in pathogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • pXO1+, pXO2−) that produce anthrax toxin but cannot produce the capsule. (mdpi.com)
  • Vaccines effective against toxin have been licensed for human use, but need improvement. (harvard.edu)
  • One step towards this goal is our dually active vaccine, designed to destroy both bacilli and toxin. (harvard.edu)
  • Different types of anthrax toxin neutralization assays have been utilized to measure the antibody levels elicited by anthrax vaccines in both nonclinical and clinical studies. (asm.org)
  • However, because toxin neutralization assays will likely be used to establish the efficacies of new anthrax vaccines, our findings should be considered when assay outputs are interpreted. (asm.org)
  • Many of the new anthrax vaccines being developed specifically target anthrax toxin, which is believed to play a critical role in disease progression and the lethal nature of the disease ( 1 , 4 , 14 , 18 , 26 ). (asm.org)
  • Given the role played by the toxin in the pathology of anthrax, neutralization of the toxin would be expected to prevent or ameliorate anthrax disease. (asm.org)
  • Mutant CHO cells lacking anthrax toxin receptor (CHO-R1.1), wild-type CHO cells (CHO-K1), and CHO-R1.1 cells expressing the human CMG2 receptor (CHO-CMG2) or TEM8 receptor (CHO-TEM8) were incubated overnight with PA or PA+EF. (asm.org)
  • Antibodies that neutralize anthrax toxin are critical for protective immunity. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • Furthermore, even when VeloThrax™ was stored at 40 degrees Celsius for up to 3 months prior to administration, there was no evident loss of the ability to induce antibodies that neutralize anthrax toxin. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Protective8
  • In the late 1980s, military researchers demonstrated that a single dose of a vaccine made from protective antigens and squalene prevented a particularly nasty anthrax strain from harming guinea pigs and mice. (slate.com)
  • In addition, the vaccines must be safe, easy to administer, and capable of inducing an immediate protective immune response. (eurekalert.org)
  • But a 60-day regimen of antibiotics would be needed before a vaccine would take full protective effect. (thehastingscenter.org)
  • The oil particles are small enough to ferry a key anthrax protein inside the nasal membranes, allowing immune-system cells to react to the protein and initiate a protective immune response. (phys.org)
  • If we are to respond effectively to emerging biological threats we need to develop processes that generate protective vaccines in a meaningful time frame and yield products in months not decades! (nih.gov)
  • These results are indicative of a vaccine that can be given to humans in an abbreviated regimen, compared to the current vaccination that requires up to five administrations over a period of 18 months for full protective immunity in humans. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • The immune responses indicative of protective immunity were observed in fewer doses than the vaccine that did not contain the additional immunostimulatory adjuvant. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • We are very pleased that our enhanced anthrax vaccine, VeloThrax™, has demonstrated promising results indicative of rapid onset of protective immunity," stated Christopher J. Schaber, PhD, President & CEO of Soligenix. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Inhalation12
  • Inhalation anthrax can cause shortness of Drug (IND) program and requires informed consent breath, cough, chest discomfort, confusion, nausea from a parent or legal guardian. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhalation Anthrax. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Vaccination may be recommended for pregnant women who have been exposed to anthrax and are at risk of developing inhalation disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chest X-ray showing widened chest cavity resulting from inhalation anthrax. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • In the 1980 s, DOD began testing the efficacy of the licensed vaccine on animals, focusing on its protection against inhalation anthrax. (whale.to)
  • Inhalation anthrax is considered by DOD to be the primary BW threat because of its lethality, ease of production, and weaponization. (whale.to)
  • The new vaccine will be required to provide immunity to inhalation anthrax in three or fewer doses, which is expected to reduce the administration time. (eurekalert.org)
  • There were 23 cases among controls (5 of them inhalation anthrax) compared with 3 cases among vaccinated (0 inhalation cases). (wikipedia.org)
  • The judge ruled on a suit filed in March 2003 by six service members and civilians who argued that the FDA never properly reviewed the vaccine's ability to protect against inhalation anthrax. (nvic.org)
  • If development is successful and the product earns FDA licensure, the product would be administered as a nasal spray to protect against infections caused by inhalation anthrax. (phe.gov)
  • Depending on the route of infection, anthrax disease can occur in three forms: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Anthrax disease, especially the inhalation form, is often fatal if not promptly treated. (michbio.org)
Emergent BioSolutions7
  • Leavitt's declaration, in effect until 2015, granted unprecedented, broad immunity from all legal liability to the vaccine manufacturer (Emergent BioSolutions), government program planners, healthcare and other providers-everyone involved in every aspect of an anthrax vaccination program. (ahrp.org)
  • The Pentagon's anthrax vaccine is manufactured by a single contractor, Emergent BioSolutions . (rawstory.com)
  • PhysOrg.com) -- A new combination vaccine against both smallpox and anthrax has been tested in animal studies and found to be more effective against anthrax than the Emergent BioSolutions Inc. vaccine currently available. (medicalxpress.com)
  • VaxGen Sells Anthrax Vaccine Program and Related Assets and Technology to Emergent BioSolutions, Inc. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • BioThrax's developer, Emergent BioSolutions, has already begun rolling out a successor vaccine. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • Emergent proudly supports the U.S.government's efforts and unwavering commitment to meet its stated need of 75 million doses of anthrax vaccines," said Fuad El-Hibri, chairman and chief executive officer of Emergent BioSolutions. (ppjg.me)
  • Emergent BioSolutions Inc. has taken another step toward expanding production of its anthrax vaccine in Lansing. (cancernewsnetwork.org)
Bacteria14
  • The anthrax bacteria could also be used as a biological weapon. (cdc.gov)
  • It is created from a strain of anthrax that does not cause the disease, and doesn't use any live or dead whole bacteria. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Anthrax is caused by the bacteria B. anthracis . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Thirty days after the first injection, both groups were injected with a culture of live anthrax bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax disease can occur in people who are exposed to an infected animal or other source of anthrax bacteria. (drugs.com)
  • AVA is classified as a subunit vaccine that is cell-free and containing no whole or live anthrax bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vaccine should protect people against all known strains of anthrax bacteria, as well as against any strains that might be created by potential terrorists or others. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The letters contained a virulent strain of anthrax bacteria, which killed five people and infected 17 others. (medindia.net)
  • With this system, a non-infectious virus is modified to include genetic material from the anthrax bacteria genome needed to produce an immune response against anthrax. (phe.gov)
  • Current anthrax treatment involves antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and doxycycline that attack the bacteria but provide no protection against the dangerous toxins secreted by the bacteria. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • Researchers from The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston have developed new potential vaccines that protect animals against the bacteria that causes the deadly plague. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The bacteria of anthrax are found mainly in the soil. (rocketswag.com)
  • The anthrax bacteria live in the soil. (rocketswag.com)
  • However, anthrax can also contracted by inhaling the bacteria. (rocketswag.com)
Immunogenicity10
  • A persistent problem with Pasteur's vaccine was achieving the correct balance between virulence and immunogenicity during preparation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results of a safety and immunogenicity study of an early-stage investigational rPA102 vaccine as compared to the FDA licensed anthrax vaccine (anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA. (nih.gov)
  • Anthrax toxins, especially LT, have key effects on both the immunogenicity and toxicity of human anthrax vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • Studies of the pathology of anthrax and the immunogenicity of vaccines in animals have led to the conclusion that both the rabbit and the nonhuman primate (NHP) could serve as suitable animal models of human anthrax and the response to vaccination ( 7 , 22 , 30 , 35 ). (asm.org)
  • BW-1010 will be studied in a Phase I trial ( NCT04148118 ) to evaluate the vaccine candidate's safety and immunogenicity in 84 healthy adult volunteers. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • Future licensure of these and other candidate vaccines will depend on their safety and immunogenicity profiles in humans, and their ability to confer protection in animal models of inhalational anthrax. (ovid.com)
  • The study was designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of escalating doses of the new vaccine. (bio-medicine.org)
  • Freeze-thawing of the liquid vaccine caused the adjuvants to aggregate and decreased its immunogenicity in mice. (ku.edu)
  • Immunogenicity of liquid vaccines also decreased when stored at 40 °C for 8 weeks, as measured by decreases in neutralizing antibody titers in vaccinated mice. (ku.edu)
  • SAN DIEGO , Aug. 8, 2016 / PRNewswire / -- Pfenex Inc. (NYSE MKT: PFNX) announced today positive immunogenicity and safety data from the Day 70 analysis of the Px563L anthrax vaccine study. (investorroom.com)
Infection17
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration first approved the vaccine in 1970 to protect veterinarians against infection through exposure to animals with the anthrax virus. (courant.com)
  • Aetna considers intravenous anthrax immune globulin experimental and investigational for the treatment of systemic anthrax soft tissue infection related to drug injection because of insufficient evidence of its safety and effectiveness. (aetna.com)
  • This type of infection (known as septicemic anthrax) most commonly follows inhalational anthrax. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Cutaneous anthrax begins as a small pimple -like lesion (a sore) that enlarges in 24-48 hours to form a ' malignant pustule ' at the site of the infection. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Anthrax vaccine will not treat an active infection that has already developed in the body. (drugs.com)
  • While antibiotics are also available, vaccines for anthrax are necessary as the infection can cause death within 2-3 days leaving no scope for diagnosis and treatment. (thehindubusinessline.com)
  • This is not a cure for anthrax, but may be a better means of protecting at-risk populations from infection, Sullivan explains. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Your doctor will decide whether you should receive this vaccine, especially if you have a high risk of infection with anthrax. (caldwellmemorial.org)
  • A vaccine against anthrax that is more effective and easier to administer than the present vaccine has proved highly effective in tests in mice and guinea pigs, report University of Michigan Medical School scientists in the August issue of Infection and Immunity . (phys.org)
  • The vaccine produced both systemic and cellular immunity, meaning that the body produces antibodies and primes specific cells throughout the body to fend off anthrax infection. (phys.org)
  • The worker population eligible for the study included 1,249 men and women with no history of prior anthrax infection. (nap.edu)
  • However, in the USA, shortly after September 11th, 2001, there were 22 cases (18 confirmed) of inhaled and cutaneous anthrax infection that were related to contaminated mail. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Logically, the only way a vaccine for some future disease or infection can be effective is if you know the structure of the disease, in this case weaponized anthrax. (ppjg.me)
  • During anthrax infection, the bacterium invades and grows to high concentrations in the host. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The capsule surrounds the bacterium and prevents it from being ingested and destroyed by the white blood cells, thus allowing anthrax infection to progress. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Anthrax is a bacterial infection that is contracted by humans from the livestock like cattle and sheep. (rocketswag.com)
  • By itself the anthrax infection is not fatal or serious. (rocketswag.com)
Inhalational anthrax8
  • Based on limited but sound evidence, the vaccine protects against both cutaneous (skin) and inhalational anthrax. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Aetna considers raxibacumab injection medically necessary for the prevention and treatment of inhalational anthrax. (aetna.com)
  • Aetna considers obiltoxaximab (Anthim) injection in combination with appropriate anti-bacterial drugs medically necessary for the treatment of inhalational anthrax. (aetna.com)
  • Aetna considers obiltoxaximab medically necessary for the prevention of inhalational anthrax when alternative therapies are not available or not appropriate. (aetna.com)
  • Aetna considers intravenous human anthrax immune globulin (Anthrasil) medically necessary to treat persons with inhalational anthrax in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs. (aetna.com)
  • This chapter presents the committee's observations and findings regarding the efficacy of AVA against inhalational anthrax and all known strains. (nap.edu)
  • Two doses of this vaccine provided complete protection against both inhalational anthrax and pneumonic plague in animal models. (medicalxpress.com)
  • These viral nanoparticles elicited robust anthrax- and plague-specific immune responses and provided complete protection against inhalational anthrax and/or pneumonic plague in three animal challenge models, namely, mice, rats, and rabbits. (asm.org)
Antibiotics14
  • This form of anthrax requires hospitalization and aggressive treatment with antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Studies by R. John Collier and his colleagues at the Harvard Medical School have uncovered a possible therapy that can be used both as a vaccine and as a treatment for anthrax after the fact (particularly when antibiotics were not administered quickly enough). (howstuffworks.com)
  • However, a genetically engineered strain of anthrax that has been chemically treated and designed specifically as a biological weapon may be lethal enough to evade the protection that current antibiotics provide. (nvic.org)
  • Cutaneous anthrax is easy to cure if it is treated early with appropriate antibiotics . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Effective vaccines and antibiotics against anthrax do exist. (medindia.net)
  • Uncertainty about the severity of similar side effects in children has led some to believe we should continue to rely on the current standard of care for anthrax, antibiotics, three of which are approved for adults and children. (thehastingscenter.org)
  • FACT: Antibiotics-not the anthrax vaccine-are the proven protection against anthrax. (ahrp.org)
  • Antibiotics proved to be 100% effective for people exposed to anthrax-laced letters in 2001-which was not a bioterrorist act. (ahrp.org)
  • "I think it's pretty clear that antibiotics are very, very effective against the disease… Would the vaccine provide anything beyond that? (ahrp.org)
  • The researchers say a nasal nanoemulsion-based anthrax vaccine, if it proves effective in humans, could be given easily to people even after they are exposed in an anthrax attack, along with antibiotics. (phys.org)
  • FDA also has approved use of four anthrax-related antibiotics and two anthrax antitoxins developed with BARDA support. (phe.gov)
  • Furthermore, the vaccine could offer improved protection against inhaled B. anthracis, and could, when used in conjunction with antibiotics, form part of the management of anthrax exposed individuals. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Public health policy alternative courses of action are suggested, including use of antibiotics and development of a new vaccine. (hsaj.org)
  • They recommended purchasing biological detection devices and antibiotics to protect the soldiers "in the absence of an anthrax vaccine. (hsaj.org)
19708
  • Anthrax vaccine was licensed in 1970 and relicensed in 2008. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The vaccine that was developed in the 1950s (licensed in 1970), is currently only given to military personnel, people who work directly with anthrax in research labs, and those who work with animals and animal by-products that may be infected with anthrax. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The anthrax vaccine being given to U.S. military personnel was licensed in 1970. (whale.to)
  • This changed vaccine was licensed in 1970 by the Division of Biologics, National Institute of Health, to be manufactured by MDPH. (whale.to)
  • In 1970, AVA was first licensed by the USPHS for protection against cutaneous anthrax to a state-owned facility operated by the Michigan Department of Public Health. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vaccine used to protect humans against the anthrax disease, called Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), was licensed in 1970. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In 1970, Merck, a pharmaceutical company, obtained the initial federal license to produce the anthrax vaccine. (courant.com)
  • In the 140-year history of research on anthrax there have been two previous types of vaccine, the last one licensed in 1970," Friedlander said. (technologynetworks.com)
Efficacy25
  • We are pleased to be here today to discuss the results of our ongoing examination of the safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine, which is being done at your request. (whale.to)
  • My testimony presents preliminary findings on (1) the short- and long-term safety of the vaccine, (2) the efficacy of the vaccine, and (3) problems the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found in the vaccine production facility in Michigan that could compromise the safety, efficacy, and quality of the vaccine. (whale.to)
  • Also, some active duty military personnel expressed concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine after the FDA found problems during the inspection of the facility that was manufacturing the anthrax vaccine. (whale.to)
  • Prior to the time of licensing, no human efficacy testing of the MDPH vaccine was performed. (whale.to)
  • However, a study was done on the efficacy of the original vaccine. (whale.to)
  • The companies' challenge will be to take this experimental vaccine strategy through several stages of development, including manufacturing pilot lots of the vaccine, testing for safety in laboratory and clinical trials, testing for efficacy in animals, and preparing and submitting all necessary Food and Drug Administration (FDA) applications. (eurekalert.org)
  • The vaccine efficacy of AVA in humans was initially established by Philip S. Brachman of the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) in a controlled study undertaken between 1954 and 1959. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vaccine was judged to have a 92.5% vaccine efficacy against all types of anthrax experienced. (wikipedia.org)
  • In October 2000, the IOM convened the Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine to evaluate these difficult issues. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The entire history of the anthrax vaccine enterprise is about bad science, false claims about efficacy, undisclosed scope of severe adverse events, deceptive promotion by government healthcare agencies. (ahrp.org)
  • The views presented in this report are those of the Institute of Medicine Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine and are not necessarily those of the funding agency. (nap.edu)
  • however, some parties have raised questions about both the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. (nationalacademies.org)
  • In response, the CDC designed a research program to further study the vaccine's adverse events and efficacy, as well as to evaluate alternative routes and schedules of administration in order to reduce adverse effects while maintaining vaccine effectiveness. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Evaluating the efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), particularly against inhalational exposure to anthrax, was a crucial part of this committee's charge. (nap.edu)
  • Brachman and colleagues (1962) conducted the only randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of a PA-containing anthrax vaccine. (nap.edu)
  • Although the safety information that it provides is reported separately in Chapter 6 , here the committee describes the information on vaccine efficacy provided in that study. (nap.edu)
  • It summarizes the current knowledge about the safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine, including the vaccine manufacturer’s history with FDA regulators. (harvard.edu)
  • Our work facilitates the characterization of anthrax vaccines components and establishment of a quality control standard for vaccine production which may ultimately help to ensure the efficacy and safety of the human anthrax vaccine A16R. (mdpi.com)
  • Because of the low incidence of anthrax disease in humans, the conduct of human efficacy trials of new anthrax vaccines is not feasible. (asm.org)
  • Under this regulation, protection data from relevant animal species may be used to support vaccine efficacy in humans. (asm.org)
  • This article explores the Department of Defense's experience with the vaccine, enumerating past safety, efficacy, regulatory, and legal problems. (hsaj.org)
  • Enumerating the safety, efficacy, regulatory and legal problems encountered by the military program provides a prism to analyze future hurdles in using the vaccine on civilians. (hsaj.org)
  • Also, there is some evidence that the current anthrax vaccine may have diminished efficacy against certain virulent strains of anthrax. (blogspot.com)
  • Those claims are supported by a congressional committee which issued a scathing and alarming report into the efficacy and supervision of the vaccine, and the immunisation programme, in April 2000. (whale.to)
  • During transport and storage, vaccines may be exposed to temperatures outside of the range recommended for storage, potentially causing efficacy losses. (ku.edu)
Next-generation anthrax vaccine3
  • BlueWillow Biologics plans to vaccinate its first patients with a next-generation anthrax vaccine candidate this month. (genengnews.com)
  • We look forward to continuing the collaborative development of Px563L with BARDA and progressing towards a potential procurement of our next-generation anthrax vaccine to satisfy Strategic National Stockpile needs. (investorroom.com)
  • As with all our biodefense programs, our goal is to position VeloThrax™ as a next generation anthrax vaccine for stockpiling by the US government. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Spore Vaccine3
  • This page contains information on Anthrax Spore Vaccine for veterinary use . (drugs.com)
  • Anthrax Spore Vaccine is prepared from a virtually non-pathogenic, nonencapsulated variant strain of B. anthracis . (drugs.com)
  • The Avirulent Anthrax Spore Vaccine was developed in South Africa and presented as a Wellcome brand vaccine against anthrax. (wellcomecollection.org)
Humans10
  • Anthrax is a serious disease that can affect both animals and humans. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anthrax most commonly occurs in wild and domestic lower vertebrates (antelopes, camels, cattle, goats, sheep, and other herbivores), but it can also occur in humans when they are exposed to infected animals or tissue from infected animals. (aetna.com)
  • When anthrax affects humans, it is usually due to an occupational exposure to infected animals or their products. (aetna.com)
  • That vaccine can't be used in humans. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Anthrax vaccines were developed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and available for use in humans by 1940. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study concluded that the vaccine provided protection to humans against anthrax penetrating the skin. (whale.to)
  • The report concludes that the vaccine is acceptably safe and effective in protecting humans against anthrax. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The vaccine has not yet been tested in humans, and additional animal studies are needed, but clinical trials could be possible within the next two to three years, investigators say. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • In the planned clinical studies, the vaccine candidate will be tested for safety and its effectiveness in eliciting an immune response in humans, although participants will not be exposed to anthrax. (phe.gov)
  • Analysis of serum samples from rabbits, nonhuman primates, and humans immunized with the rPA vaccine showed that the relative neutralization estimates obtained in the different assays agreed to various extents, depending on the species of origin of the sera examined. (asm.org)
Immunity4
  • Nasal vaccination could be given to build up immunity after anthrax exposure and improve the outcome of other treatments," says Anna Bielinska, Ph.D., the paper's lead author and a scientist at the Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences at the U-M. She is also an assistant research professor in the Allergy Division of Internal Medicine at the U-M Medical School. (phys.org)
  • It said the vaccine could harm people with immunity disorders, could cause a host of serious long-term adverse reactions and could already be responsible for six deaths and a number of birth defects. (courant.com)
  • The experiments so far have shown that the vaccine had no significant side effects and produced effective immunity for at least six months. (wordpress.com)
  • The Michigan Nanotechnology Institute will seek funding to learn if the vaccine can produce immunity in primates as it does in rodents. (wordpress.com)
Antigens3
  • Using bacteriophage T4, the scientists developed the vaccine by incorporating key antigens of both B. anthracis and Y. pestis into one formulation. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Using an in vitro assembly system, the 120- by 86-nm heads (capsids) of phage T4 were arrayed with anthrax and plague antigens fused to the small outer capsid protein Soc (9 kDa). (asm.org)
  • The formulation dissolves, releasing the API or vaccine antigens into the surrounding tissue. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Biological16
  • Parents offered a slot in the anthrax vaccine trial for their children would have to rely on the same experts who believed there were biological weapon stockpiles in Iraq. (scienceblogs.com)
  • From the New York Times: The last of the anthrax-laced letters was still making its way through the mail in late 2001 when top Bush administration officials reached an obvious conclusion: the nation desperately needed to expand its medical stockpile to prepare for another biological attack. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Bioport was obviously created in anticipation of large-scale military operations by U.S. servicemen facing possible exposure to biological agents including anthrax. (educate-yourself.org)
  • It was explained that the experiment they would undergo constituted the final phase prior to anthrax vaccine production in Israel, which would cater to a possible eventuality of a biological attack on military or civilian populations. (ynetnews.com)
  • And we purchased the vaccines, not to prevent but to treat the disease, in case of biological terror attacks," Park said in the statement. (koreaherald.com)
  • The government added that Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have anthrax vaccines for 1,000 patients prepared, in case of biological terror attacks. (koreaherald.com)
  • Pyongyang is estimated to have 13 types of pathogens such as anthrax and clostridium botulinum that can be used as biological weapons, according to a 2016 report by the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses. (koreaherald.com)
  • Since 1991 and the first Gulf War, the Defense Department has required service members to be immunized against such childhood diseases as Typhoid and Hepatitis A as well as against biological agents such as anthrax, when deploying to Korea or the Middle East. (educate-yourself.org)
  • military personnel at risk of exposure through potential biological warfare when anthrax may be used as a weapon. (caldwellmemorial.org)
  • The combination vaccine can be stockpiled in a freeze-dried state and rapidly deployed in the event of a biological attack involving anthrax or smallpox. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Both anthrax and smallpox are deadly diseases that can be turned into biological weapons. (medicalxpress.com)
  • A deadly biological weapon, anthrax killed five people in 2001 when it was sent through the mail to media companies and Congress, NBC News reports. (bioprepwatch.com)
  • The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff subsequently challenged these recommendations, insisting the vaccine was "the centerpiece of our defense against the most likely biological threat agent. (hsaj.org)
  • Barbara Loe Fisher, president of the National Vaccine Information Center, said her nonprofit advocacy group is adding more information to its Web site about the research and development of biological defense vaccines. (blogspot.com)
  • Its critics also claim it is being forced on the country s soldiers as part of a politically-inspired attempt to persuade the American public that an effective vaccine against an anthrax terror attack exists, and that its soldiers are safe from Saddam Hussein s chemical and biological arsenal. (whale.to)
  • Most-cited papers of mine include one investigating Zimbabwe's major anthrax epidemic and a review of anthrax vaccine's usefulness in biological warfare . (blogspot.co.uk)
Experimental10
  • You want to find the right children to receive experimental injections of the anthrax vaccine? (scienceblogs.com)
  • The IDF secretly used elite combat soldiers as "guinea pigs" for experimental anthrax vaccines, according to an expose broadcast Wednesday night by the "Uvda" (Fact) documentary program. (ynetnews.com)
  • Aetna considers anthrax vaccine experimental and investigational for all other indications because of insufficient evidence of its safety and effectiveness for these indications. (aetna.com)
  • The Defense Department must immediately stop inoculating troops with anthrax vaccine, a federal judge ruled yesterday, saying that the Food and Drug Administration acted improperly when it approved the experimental injections for general use. (nvic.org)
  • We previously reported that antibodies to squalene, an experimental vaccine adjuvant, are present in persons with symptoms consistent with Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) (P. B. Asa et al. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • In the absence of a national emergency from an anthrax bioterrorist attack, an anthrax vaccine trial in children would violate federal legal and ethical standards which prohibit exposing children to greater than minimal risk if a child does not have a condition that would benefit from the experimental intervention. (sanevax.org)
  • The attorneys, who have represented U.S. soldiers forced to take the experimental anthrax vaccine without their voluntary informed consent, are going to continue to battle the Pentagon's immoral policy in federal court. (blogspot.com)
  • Why Does Obama Believe That Our Kids Need Experimental Anthrax Vaccines? (21stcenturywire.com)
  • Experimental vaccines and lab treatments are normally taken up by poorer families who need extra cash, namely African Americans and other financially vulnerable people. (21stcenturywire.com)
  • omehow, I don't envisage President Obama and his wife Michelle lining up their two daughters for this experimental anthrax shot. (21stcenturywire.com)
Stockpile9
  • So scary in fact, that last month the US government announced a $877 million contract for VaxGen, a small Californian company, to make a stockpile of 75 million doses of a vaccine that has not yet been fully tested or licensed. (newscientist.com)
  • These awards represent the first step toward our goal of securing an initial 25 million doses of an improved anthrax vaccine for our emergency stockpile. (eurekalert.org)
  • Ten million courses (60 million doses) of the vaccine have been purchased for the US Strategic National Stockpile in anticipation of the need for mass vaccinations owing to a future bio-terrorist anthrax attack. (wikipedia.org)
  • Still, a New York Times story on September 18 reported that despite a $900 million "push to add a new anthrax vaccine to the stockpile," there have been setbacks. (medindia.net)
  • While these new vaccines are likely to show reduced side effects they will still require multiple needle based dosing and the inclusion of the adjuvant alum which will make them expensive to administer and stockpile. (nih.gov)
  • Following the 2001 anthrax letter attacks, those departments included the old anthrax vaccine in the Strategic National Stockpile. (hsaj.org)
  • Given our highly efficient production process, which leverages our Pf enex Expression Technology ® platform, we believe we could supply the United States government's anthrax vaccine stockpile goal quickly and very cost efficiently, meeting a key articulated need of the United States government. (investorroom.com)
  • Forward-looking statements in this press release include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the future potential of Pfenex's product candidate Px563L and Pfenex's ability to supply the United States government's anthrax vaccine stockpile goal quickly and very cost efficiently. (investorroom.com)
  • As a consequence of the anthrax bioterrorism fears, 2.6 million US military personnel were vaccinated with the anthrax vaccine, and the federal government has spent $1.1 billion to stockpile the vaccine to protect Americans in the event of an attack. (blogspot.com)
Skip1
  • Robert "Skip" Nelson, senior pediatric ethicist in the Office of Pediatric Therapeutics of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), questioned whether a pediatric trial of an anthrax vaccine would meet the FDA's ethical standards. (thehastingscenter.org)
Vaccination program5
  • accordingly the involuntary anthrax vaccination program, as applied to all persons, is rendered illegal absent informed consent or a Presidential waiver. (nvic.org)
  • Concluding that the FDA violated its own rules by approving the vaccine late last year, U.S. District Court Judge Emmet G. Sullivan said the mandatory vaccination program -- which has inoculated more than 1.2 million troops since 1998 -- is 'illegal. (nvic.org)
  • The national cases have been handled by the Vaccine Healthcare Centers, which are located at several U.S. military bases, but are overseen by the vaccination program at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington D.C. (educate-yourself.org)
  • The military shut down the anthrax vaccination program temporarily prior to 1998 citing concerns about outdated versions of the shot. (educate-yourself.org)
  • The Pentagon has used it for the military s mandatory anthrax vaccination program for the last ten years, though not without problems. (rawstory.com)
Vaccine's4
  • Although it is not currently in any FDA-licensed vaccines and has caused autoimmunity in some animal experiments, it is, as we learn two-thirds of the way into the narrative, in a flu vaccine that's licensed in Europe -and, according to Chiron Corporation, the vaccine's maker, has been safely injected into more than ten million people. (slate.com)
  • In 1985, the FDA began reviewing the anthrax vaccine's manufacturing process to ensure it complied with federal rules for drugs. (courant.com)
  • The FDA reviews the tests, the vaccine's safety and effectiveness and the manufacturing process before approving the license to manufacture the vaccine. (courant.com)
  • By expanding the vaccine's shelf life to five years, he added, "we could save the government probably north of $100 million per year, just by using a NanoVax anthrax vaccine. (biotechnews.com.au)
Anthracis6
  • This form of anthrax occurs when B. anthracis is inhaled, and is very serious. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The vaccine used in the United States does not contain B. anthracis cells and it does not cause anthrax. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, the licensed vaccine derived from apathogenic B. anthracis has side effects and a more efficacious and safer vaccine is needed. (scienceblog.com)
  • B. anthracis and Y. pestis are the pathogens that cause anthrax and plague, respectively. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The development of a new anthrax vaccine is necessary because the current AVA vaccine requires the growth of B. anthracis in its manufacturing process and has a complex administration regimen of six administrators of vaccine in 18 months. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • This study helps describe how anthrax in Nigeria is related to B. anthracis in the surrounding region, which is notably one of the most interesting lineages worldwide," said Jason Blackburn, an associate professor in the UF Department of Geography and the Emerging Pathogens Institute. (theglobaldispatch.com)
Cutaneous Anthrax2
  • Cutaneous anthrax causes blisters or bumps on the skin, swelling around the sore, and a painless skin sore (ulcer) with a black center. (cdc.gov)
  • Before receiving the vaccine, the average annual incidence of cutaneous anthrax among workers at these four mills ranged from 0.6 to 1.8 cases per 100 workers. (nap.edu)
Adjuvant10
  • The adjuvant used in the FDA-licensed anthrax vaccine is aluminum hydroxide, or alum , which has a long safety record in other vaccines. (slate.com)
  • Adjuvants are the neglected stepchild of the vaccine business: There's something almost alchemical about the nonspecific way in which they work, and scant effort has gone into making a more powerful adjuvant than alum. (slate.com)
  • In conclusion, (+)-FUC-TMC-NP is promising anthrax vaccine adjuvant as an alternative to CpG. (medworm.com)
  • The vaccine adjuvant squalene in anthrax vaccines given to soldiers in the Gulf War resulted in the formation of antibodies to squalene which are associated with Gulf War Syndrome. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • This result suggests an extremely rapid production of neutralizing antibodies without the use of an adjuvant, a secondary agent that helps stimulate the immune system and is often used to increase the vaccine response-key goals for the development of third-generation anthrax vaccines. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • BlueWillow's NanoVax platform uses a proprietary oil-in-water nanoemulsion adjuvant designed to enable intranasal vaccines for respiratory and sexually transmitted diseases. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • The technology incorporates nano-scale droplets manufactured at an average size of 400-500 nanometers to deliver and adjuvant a broad spectrum of vaccines. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • 3) Does the anthrax vaccine use squalene as an adjuvant? (cancernewsnetwork.org)
  • A rapidly acting form of VeloThrax™ has been developed by combining Soligenix's proprietary vaccine thermostabilization platform technology, ThermoVax™, and a potent adjuvant compound to yield a vaccine that is stable to high temperatures and induces neutralizing antibodies in an animal model. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
  • The enhanced DNI vaccine was formulated with a synthetic immunostimulatory adjuvant that activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), a receptor that is important in recognition of pathogens. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Million doses3
  • Each company will also submit a feasibility plan to manufacture, test, secure FDA approval for, and deliver to the government up to 25 million doses of its vaccine. (eurekalert.org)
  • According to Emergent, 13 million doses of AV7909 are in process for FY 2019-20-including the exercise by BARDA of the first one-year, $261-million option for 10 million doses of the vaccine, part of an up-to-$1.5 billion contract signed in 2016. (biotechnews.com.au)
  • On May 2, 2011, Department of Health and Human Services announced it will buy 3.42 million doses of Bio-thrax a vaccine developed by the military to counter its weaponized anthrax that it also developed. (ppjg.me)
Current vaccine3
  • The current vaccine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was formulated in the 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
  • The current vaccine, which was developed in the 1950s, is safe and effective, but requires multiple injections followed by annual boosters. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • One of the requirements for licensure of rPA vaccines is equivalency relative to the current vaccine, so we are encouraged by these results. (fiercepharma.com)
Dose17
  • If you see signs of a Has had an allergic reaction after a previous severe allergic reaction (hives, swelling of the face dose of anthrax vaccine , or has any severe, life- and throat, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, threatening allergies . (cdc.gov)
  • Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of anthrax vaccine , or has any severe, life-threatening allergies . (cdc.gov)
  • These people should get five doses of vaccine (in the muscle): the first dose when risk of a potential exposure is identified, and the remaining doses at 4 weeks and 6, 12, and 18 months after the first dose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These people should get three doses of vaccine (under the skin), with the first dose as soon after exposure as possible, and the second and third doses given 2 and 4 weeks after the first. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anyone who has had a serious allergic reaction to a previous dose of anthrax vaccine should not get another dose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anyone who has a severe allergy to any vaccine component should not get a dose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each dose of the vaccine contains no more than 0.83 mg aluminum per 0.5 mL dose. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is not yet known how many times and at what dose the new vaccine will need to be administered to maintain protection, the researchers say, adding that this issue is being investigated. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • An anthrax vaccine that could be administered in a single dose is advancing to its first clinical trial with support from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response ( ASPR ). (phe.gov)
  • A single dose vaccine is ideal to provide fast protection and peace of mind in the critical days after an incident. (phe.gov)
  • Altimmune previously demonstrated that NasoShield provides protection in a single dose from exposure to anthrax in preclinical studies. (phe.gov)
  • Our idea is to ultimately produce a one-dose vaccine that you could give yourself - imagine a flu vaccine that you can easily administer using a simple, painless microneedle device arriving in your mailbox," Darrick Carter, an IDRI representative, said, according to NBC News . (bioprepwatch.com)
  • This is a dose ranging study comparing different vaccine schedules of rPA vaccine, for Anthrax, to the licensed dose of AVA, another Anthrax vaccine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Glide Technologies is a UK development company focused on solid dose formulations of therapeutics and vaccines, and non-invasive diagnostics. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • Glide's SDI (solid dose injection) system comprises a re-useable spring powered actuator and a disposable single use cassette, which houses the vaccine formulated in a small solid formulation. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
  • It was, she later discovered, the first in a six-dose course of anthrax vaccination. (whale.to)
  • Vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide and GLA elicited higher immune responses than vaccines adjuvanted with only aluminum hydroxide, with more mice responding to a single dose. (ku.edu)
Immune response5
  • With some diseases, vaccines given after exposure are used to boost the speed of the immune response. (phys.org)
  • The study is designed to measure the immune response, and to evaluate the safety and tolerability of different doses of rPA Anthrax Vaccine. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • This new type of anthrax vaccine produced the immune response doctors were looking for, according to peer-reviewed research published in Vaccine . (bio-medicine.org)
  • We were able to demonstrate in this study that the investigational anthrax vaccine produced an immune response that justifies further testing in larger studies," he said. (bio-medicine.org)
  • Gorse indicated that the investigational vaccine, made by VaxGen Inc., demonstrated a clear relationship between the amount of vaccine administered and the subsequent immune response. (bio-medicine.org)
Mandatory9
  • Earlier this month, a news report said that 23 sailors aboard the carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt refused to take a mandatory anthrax vaccination and were disciplined with fines, extra duty and demotions. (courant.com)
  • MilVax information about anthrax, anthrax vaccine and mandatory anthrax vaccination policies of U.S. military. (nvic.org)
  • Anthrax vaccine administration is now mandatory for military personnel sent to areas with high risk of exposure and recommended for other groups, including some laboratory and postal workers. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Brian Blalock, public health flight commander at Nellis Air Force Base, said the anthrax shot is no longer mandatory for service members who are willing to sign a waiver releasing the military from liability. (educate-yourself.org)
  • The Defense Department was forced to halt mandatory injections in 2004 after a judge ruled that the FDA had not approved the vaccine for its intended use. (rawstory.com)
  • In 2006, the military resumed mandatory vaccinations after FDA approval, citing letters laced with anthrax in late 2001 as a reason. (rawstory.com)
  • It summarizes the analysis that led DoD to balance the risks and benefits of the anthrax vaccine in favor of universal, mandatory vaccination. (harvard.edu)
  • Norman got all six anthrax shots under the mandatory program. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • The Pentagon is reviving its mandatory anthrax vaccinations despite allegations that the shots have contributed to as many as 23 deaths and sickened hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of soldiers. (blogspot.com)
Centers for Diseas2
  • The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classifies anthrax as a Category A agent with serious bioterrorism potential. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • New details have been released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concerning recommendations made in February by its vaccine advisory group about Americans receiving anthrax shots. (bioprepwatch.com)
Vaccinations9
  • Medically necessary post-exposure anthrax vaccinations are covered for medically necessary indications regardless of whether the member has preventive services benefits. (aetna.com)
  • In a statement, the Defense Department said it is reviewing the decision and will 'pause giving anthrax vaccinations until the legal situation is clarified. (nvic.org)
  • The hospital contends anthrax vaccinations are safe and more necessary than ever, especially considering the threat of anthrax contamination that hit several post offices and office buildings following Sept. 11. (educate-yourself.org)
  • Citing a renewed threat of anthrax poisoning to U.S. forces overseas, the Pentagon announced last month it would resume providing mass anthrax vaccinations for service members deploying to Korea or Southwest Asia. (educate-yourself.org)
  • After nearly 15 years of service, Norman is being medically separated, not retired, from the Army for debilitating muscle and joint pain, stiffness and weakness that started after his anthrax vaccinations. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • His muscle and joint pain flared again and got stronger after his anthrax vaccinations. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • Vaccine health-care experts say they have seen similar cases following various vaccinations. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
  • The M.D./Ph.D. government health officials employed by the Departments of Defense and Health and Human Services continue to try to cover-up the casualties of anthrax vaccinations forced on U.S. soldiers. (blogspot.com)
  • Next generation anthrax vaccines have been targeting a shortened vaccination schedule with fewer vaccinations for both pre and post-exposure use. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Strains5
  • Authorities have defended the experiment on the whole, which has resulted in the introduction of an indigenous vaccine against the bacterium, which attacks the lungs, gastrointestinal tract and skin of an infected patient and has strains that result in a 75 percent death rate. (rt.com)
  • that is, of the strains tested, it was only found in the anthrax bacterium. (medindia.net)
  • Recent concerns over the potential use of molecular biology to engineer vaccine resistant strains has prompted investigators to identify additional vaccine targets with which to extend the spectrum of protection conferred by rPA. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, LT proteins expressed by the A16R and Sterne strains were found to be monomeric and showed cytotoxic activity, which may be the main reason for side effects of live anthrax vaccines. (mdpi.com)
  • The use of this vaccine which was developed by those fine folks at Fort Detrick Maryland, the same place they mutated and weaponized several strains of anthrax is totally uncalled for. (ppjg.me)
Injections5
  • The ACIP recommends annual booster injections of the vaccine thereafter. (aetna.com)
  • Researchers have developed a powdered form of an anthrax vaccine that could potentially be inhaled through the nose and eliminate the need for needle injections. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The standard delivery for anthrax vaccination is through subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of a liquid formula using conventional needles and syringes, but this method has several drawbacks when employed for mass vaccination, including accidental needle-stick injury, the need for highly trained healthcare professionals and painful injections, the scientists say. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Annual booster injections of the vaccine are recommended thereafter. (ucla.edu)
  • The San Diego-based PaxVax, Inc., is working on a capsule vaccination that could replace the five injections military personnel must receive to protect against anthrax. (bioprepwatch.com)
Form of anthrax4
  • This form of anthrax can result from eating raw or undercooked infected meat. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This form of anthrax has a very high death rate. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • A decade and a half ago, the defense establishment discerned that Israel faced a grave threat in the form of anthrax. (rt.com)
  • The product has attracted some controversy owing to alleged adverse events and questions as to whether it is effective against the inhalational form of anthrax. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial1
  • Bacterial capsules are commonly used in licensed vaccines for other diseases, including certain types of pneumonia and meningitis. (technologynetworks.com)
Gastrointestinal9
  • Anthrax vaccine is also recommended for of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the lower part unvaccinated people of all ages who have been of the GI tract, or both. (cdc.gov)
  • Gastrointestinal Anthrax. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gastrointestinal anthrax can lead to blood poisoning, shock, and death. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The U.S. gov- cutaneous and gastrointestinal anthrax, which are less apt ernment spent several hundred million dollars recovering to be fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • The mortality rate for anthrax acquired by inhaling into the lungs or through the gastrointestinal tract is much higher. (nvic.org)
  • Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating meat products that contain anthrax. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Gastrointestinal anthrax is difficult to diagnose. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • ConclusionThis gastrointestinal anthrax outbreak occurred due to eating beef from butchery X. We recommended health education, safe disposal of the carcasses of livestock or game animals, and anthrax vaccination for livestock. (medworm.com)
  • No attempt is made to estimate the number of cases of cutaneous and gastrointestinal anthrax, which are less apt to be fatal. (cdc.gov)
Soldiers19
  • In Vaccine A: The Covert Government Experiment That's Killing Our Soldiers-and Why GI's Are Only the First Victims , Gary Matsumoto struggles for nearly 300 pages to justify his book's subtitle. (slate.com)
  • The Defense Department's policy requiring the anthrax shots has spurred protests by a small percentage of soldiers, sailors and airmen refusing to be inoculated, which has led to disciplinary measures. (courant.com)
  • And since the military does not have a scientifically proven method of detecting anthrax, critics say, soldiers exposed to it may not get the further treatment needed after that exposure. (courant.com)
  • Once soldiers began to suspect that there may be a connection between the vaccines and their symptoms, they contacted the secret unit in charge of the program and presented their case. (ynetnews.com)
  • The Israeli government will pay out thousands of dollars in compensation to 716 soldiers who took part in an anthrax vaccine trial that ended in 2005. (rt.com)
  • Please take the time to read the article as it has an email address giving you the opportunity to tell the Commissioner of this Bioethics program what you think about using children as guinea pigs for experimentation on a vaccine that has ruined the health of many soldiers and its effects are well documented. (abovetopsecret.com)
  • The new vaccine, which appears promising in preliminary animal studies, may offer a faster and easier way to protect the general population as well as soldiers on the battlefield in the event of a deadly bioterror attack, the researchers say. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The necessity of the shot has been a hot point of debate in Washington and among soldiers' advocacy groups that contend illnesses from the vaccine have put some members out of the service. (educate-yourself.org)
  • The Nevada National Guard, which routinely deploys members to Iraq and Afghanistan to fight the global war on terror, still requires the anthrax shot for soldiers and airmen going there or to Korea. (educate-yourself.org)
  • It has been plagued with complaints from soldiers and soldiers' advocates, who assert that the vaccine causes myriad debilitating ailments. (rawstory.com)
  • Although the military continues to publicly claim the vaccine is safe and effective, thousands of soldiers have suffered adverse reactions, ranging from mild to severe. (rawstory.com)
  • Indeed, as occurred with Francis, many soldiers are injected with several vaccines on the same day, making it harder to identify the cause of illnesses. (blogspot.com)
  • Far too many are pushed into poor health after being injected with multiple vaccines, including the notoriously reactive anthrax vaccine, after they become soldiers.Meryl Nass, M.D., Medical Director for NVIC's Military and Biodefense Vaccine Project (MBVP), has treated more than 500 seriously ill men and women, whose health problems began shortly after being injected with anthrax vaccination during military service. (blogspot.com)
  • The only previous mass use of the 1950s-era vaccine occurred in the 1990s, when over 150,000 soldiers received inoculations during the first Gulf War, with many later reporting illnesses of unknown origins. (hsaj.org)
  • British soldiers will not be immunised with this vaccine, but with a home-grown version, produced at Porton Down). (whale.to)
  • I started receiving email from soldiers, airmen, marines and sailors because of a previous story I had written on the anthrax vaccine. (cancernewsnetwork.org)
  • Squalene was added to the anthrax vaccine and given to our soldiers during the Gulf War. (cancernewsnetwork.org)
  • injection and can provoke autoimmune diseases such as those found among US and UK soldiers who took squalene as part of the anthrax vaccine. (cancernewsnetwork.org)
  • It equals 3.7 reports per thousand vaccine recipients, since soldiers receive a total of 4 doses, on average. (blogspot.co.uk)
Clinical9
  • We have not performed clinical tests of the vaccines, so we will only use them to treat the disease, not for prevention," the spokesman said. (koreaherald.com)
  • Last Thursday, the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues met in Washington, DC to assess the ethics of a clinical trial on anthrax vaccines for children. (thehastingscenter.org)
  • Our intranasal powder vaccine discovery may provide a highly effective, more flexible, mobile and easy to use method of administering the anthrax vaccine in clinical and field settings, says the projects lead investigator Vince Sullivan, PhD, a chemist with BD Technologies Advanced Drug Delivery group in Research Triangle Park, N.C. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Except for one symptomatic individual, positive clinical findings in 17 ASA-negative personnel were restricted to 4 individuals receiving vaccine from lots containing squalene. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Under a two-year, approximately $14 million contract between ASPR's Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority ( BARDA ) and Altimmune, Inc. of Gaithersburg, Maryland, the company will begin the first clinical trial of its anthrax vaccine NasoShield. (phe.gov)
  • If the vaccine performs well during clinical studies, the contract could be extended an additional three years and up to a total of approximately $120 million to support additional clinical and nonclinical studies and scale-up manufacturing. (phe.gov)
  • Other core services provided through the response infrastructure include a nonclinical studies network, a clinical studies network, and a fill-finish manufacturing network that fills and finishes vials of drugs or vaccines. (phe.gov)
  • And so they came up with a standard that practically mandates the most minimal collection of information from clinical trials of vaccines for which emergency use authorization will be sought. (blogspot.com)
  • Clinical data generated or presented by the manufacturers of drugs, vaccines and devices cannot be trusted: there are hundreds of studies proving this. (blogspot.co.uk)
Protection against anthrax2
  • As a result of concerns over the illicit use of this organism, considerable effort is focused on the development of therapies capable of conferring protection against anthrax. (nih.gov)
  • According to the company, this uniquely enables stronger protection against anthrax and other respiratory infections. (biotechnews.com.au)
Effective vaccine2
  • Since other countries have developed their own secret, genetically identifiable version of weaponized anthrax, the only way an effective vaccine could be developed for an anthrax attack is if you were the developer of the strain. (ppjg.me)
  • These results indicate that anthrax capsule is a highly effective vaccine component that should be considered for incorporation in future generation anthrax vaccines. (technologynetworks.com)
Doses of anthrax4
  • These people should get 3 doses of anthrax vaccine, followed by booster doses for ongoing protection. (cdc.gov)
  • These people should get 3 doses of anthrax vaccine together with recommended antibiotic drugs. (cdc.gov)
  • Following the report, a local media outlet said the presidential office had purchased 500 doses of anthrax vaccines for its officials and the president. (koreaherald.com)
  • Cheong Wa Dae said it imported 350 doses of anthrax vaccines on Nov. 2, after getting approval from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in July. (koreaherald.com)
Military's anthrax vaccine3
  • Matsumoto's contention, as he first reported in a 1999 Vanity Fair article that triggered a congressional hearing, is that the U.S. military's anthrax vaccine causes a constellation of autoimmune diseases and symptoms such as lupus, rashes, hair loss, and aching joints that fall under the rubric known as Gulf War Syndrome. (slate.com)
  • To be sure, a myriad of real problems have stained the reputation of the military's anthrax vaccine, and Matsumoto thoroughly documents them. (slate.com)
  • As the U.S. gears up for a potential confrontation with Iraq, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has halted use of older lots of the military's anthrax vaccine, and officials acknowledge that the vaccine is riskier than once thought. (courant.com)
Deadly2
  • 716 purported volunteers from the Israeli Defense Force were administered an existing American, or a modified Israeli vaccine against the deadly anthrax bacterium, which the authorities believed could be unleashed in a terrorist attack. (rt.com)
  • Aside from the immorality of even considering testing a deadly vaccine on unsuspecting and vulnerable children is the fact that this vaccine would take 5 or more weeks and 2 doses in order for it to become effective, assuming it is effective. (ppjg.me)
Recipients6
  • But these don't appear to occur any more often among anthrax vaccine recipients than among unvaccinated people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • All currently used anthrax vaccines show considerable local and general reactogenicity (erythema, induration, soreness, fever) and serious adverse reactions occur in about 1% of recipients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knowledge to date about the safety of the vaccine includes the results of the original study and a 1998 DOD study of 500 vaccine recipients. (whale.to)
  • Antibodies to squalene in recipients of anthrax vaccine. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • In a pilot study, 6 of 6 vaccine recipients with GWS-like symptoms were positive for ASA. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • squalene concerns allegations that the The Gulf War Syndrome (GWS) is typified by high squalene antibodies in anthrax vaccine recipients [103134-137]. (cancernewsnetwork.org)
Adverse reactions5
  • It failed to follow-up on reports of adverse reactions to vaccine forwarded to it by the Pentagon. (educate-yourself.org)
  • While these studies identified varying rates of adverse reactions, they did not question the safety of the vaccine. (whale.to)
  • I still have in my possession a few reams of paper on which are printed Vaccine Adverse Reactions - or (VEARS forms) 12 dead or permanently disabled in the first 40 pages alone, each page representing one individual! (abovetopsecret.com)
  • Spokeswoman Lt. April Conway said there have been no reported cases of adverse reactions to the shots among Guard members, but there have been some members who refused to have the vaccine. (educate-yourself.org)
  • The warnings, developed from complaints by military vaccine users since 1998, state that adverse reactions are expected in 5 percent to 35 percent of people who take the injection. (courant.com)
Make the vaccine2
  • The report said the subcutaneous injection route might make the vaccine more tolerable and that reducing the number of doses in the AVA schedule could help conserve the vaccine supply. (umn.edu)
  • Of all the things Wilson was not told about her first jab, perhaps the most crucial was this: that 10 months earlier, in February 1998, after an inspection of the Michigan laboratory that manufactures the vaccine, the plant had its authority to make the vaccine suspended by the FDA. (whale.to)
Better vaccine3
  • developing a better vaccine. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Combating anthrax: Results of study published this month as researchers look for a better vaccine ( A new study published this month by a S. (bio-medicine.org)
  • So is it in our best interests to keep our fingers crossed that emergency vaccination of children will be safe or to test this prior to the need and develop a better vaccine in the interim? (blogspot.com)
Disease26
  • People can get anthrax disease from contact with Administration (FDA) and recommended for infected animals or contaminated animal products adults 18 through 65 years of age who are at risk of such as wool, meat, or hides. (cdc.gov)
  • Has a history of anthrax disease . (cdc.gov)
  • People can get anthrax disease from contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products such as wool, meat, or hides. (cdc.gov)
  • In its most common form, anthrax is a skin disease that causes skin ulcers and usually fever and fatigue. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anthrax vaccine protects against anthrax disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anthrax is a very serious disease, and the risk of serious harm from the vaccine is extremely small. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Anthrax is a potentially fatal disease that focuses on the skin, lungs and stomach and intestines. (courant.com)
  • This treatment has worked in rats exposed to anthrax, but it is still not known how long after exposure the treatment could be given and still be effective in stopping the disease. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The difference between smallpox vaccination and anthrax or chicken cholera vaccination was that the weakened form of the latter two disease organisms had been "generated artificially", so a naturally weak form of the disease organism did not need to be found. (wikipedia.org)
  • In those areas where anthrax is known to be a problem, it is advisable to revaccinate annually, approximately 4 weeks prior to the time the disease usually appears. (drugs.com)
  • Anthrax is a serious disease that can spread quickly throughout the body and it is fatal in a high number of cases, especially when acquired through the lungs. (drugs.com)
  • The presidential office on Sunday confirmed it imported anthrax vaccines this year, but denied claims that it has only vaccinated its officials against the disease. (koreaherald.com)
  • Anthrax is a naturally occurring animal disease. (medindia.net)
  • However, not vaccinating the mother could be more harmful to the baby if the mother becomes infected with a disease that this vaccine could prevent. (caldwellmemorial.org)
  • Anthrax is an acute and generally fatal infectious disease. (wellcomecollection.org)
  • Having a single vaccine to protect against both, especially one that appears at this stage to work better than either of the single disease vaccines, would be highly advantageous in the aftermath of a bioterrorist attack. (medicalxpress.com)
  • This standard also explains what might be considered oddities in trial design: for example, why the vaccine sponsors/developers did not collect data on whether the vaccines prevented transmission of disease. (blogspot.com)
  • The earliest vaccines were needle-free and used the live virus from a scab or a pustule to protect people against the disease. (bioprepwatch.com)
  • The vaccines often infected people with the disease they were meant to prevent. (bioprepwatch.com)
  • The Infectious Disease Research Institute, a Seattle-based non-profit, collaborated with Medicago to develop an H5N1 avian influenza vaccine using a microneedle patch created in Israel. (bioprepwatch.com)
  • Although it is rare, people may contract anthrax disease through natural exposures, such as contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. (michbio.org)
  • A new book documenting the link between complications of infectious diseases and vaccines which can result in chronic inflammatory diseases and disorders such as autism, learning disabilities, ADD/ADHD, seizure disorders, severe allergies, asthma, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease and other chronic illness. (blogspot.com)
  • PharmAthene's rPA anthrax vaccine program has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). (fiercepharma.com)
  • All the animals receiving the capsule vaccine survived while all non-vaccinated animals succumbed to the disease. (technologynetworks.com)
  • READ MORE North Dakota reports 2nd animal anthrax case, this Highly contagious strain of bird flu kills up Alzheimer's disease infectious? (theglobaldispatch.com)
  • It should be noted that Anthrax is not a contagious disease. (studyiq.com)
Strain of anthrax2
  • Buck asserts that Russia has developed a strain of anthrax (among the thirty in existence) that is totally resistant to our vaccines. (educate-yourself.org)
  • The vaccine studied was not AVA but was an earlier formulation produced from the R1-NP mutant of the Vollum strain of anthrax manufactured by Merck (see Chapter 7 for more details). (nap.edu)
2001 anthrax5
  • Using a hypothetical release in lower Manhattan, we compare the HEPA/vaccine and I chlorine dioxide fumigation remedial options, in terms of n addition to killing 5 of its 11 victims, the 2001 anthrax anthrax cases among reoccupants, cost, and recovery time. (cdc.gov)
  • At the time of his death, Bruce Ivins, 62, was under federal investigation for the 2001 anthrax attacks that left five people dead and more than a dozen sickened. (rawstory.com)
  • In a Wednesday joint FBI and Department of Justice press conference, while not officially closing the case, Assistant Director in Charge Joseph Persichini of the FBI Washington Field Office said, "Bruce Ivins was responsible for the death, sickness, and fear brought to our country by the 2001 anthrax mailings. (rawstory.com)
  • In addition to killing 5 of its 11 victims, the 2001 anthrax attack on the U.S. Postal Service and federal facilities also contaminated a number of buildings. (cdc.gov)
  • This article explores the Department of Defense's experience with the anthrax vaccine, and the troubling possibility that the 2001 anthrax letter attacks were a deliberate and successful effort to sustain a program that federal investigators determined was on the verge of failing. (hsaj.org)
Intranasal vaccine2
  • The vaccine represents a growing pipeline of needle-free drug delivery technologies that are being developed for consumers, such as the FluMist intranasal vaccine currently sold to combat influenza. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The intranasal vaccine program is supported by an up-to-eight-year contract from the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the value of which could reach $24 million if all options are exercised. (biotechnews.com.au)
Allergic reaction3
  • As with any medicine, there is a very remote chance of a vaccine causing a severe allergic reaction, other serious injury, or death. (cdc.gov)
  • Like any medicine, a vaccine could cause a serious problem, such as a severe allergic reaction. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, anthrax vaccine does have some side effects like it could cause a severe allergic reaction. (rocketswag.com)
Causes Anthrax1
Anthrax Vaccine Storage and Handling | CDC
Anthrax Vaccine Storage and Handling | CDC (cdc.gov)
News & Perspective | CIDRAP
News & Perspective | CIDRAP (cidrap.umn.edu)
PharmAthene hits 36 mo. product stability for anthrax vax; Adamis receives cancer vax patent in Europe; | FiercePharma
PharmAthene hits 36 mo. product stability for anthrax vax; Adamis receives cancer vax patent in Europe; | FiercePharma (fiercepharma.com)
Presidential office admits importing anthrax vaccines, only for treatment
Presidential office admits importing anthrax vaccines, only for treatment (koreaherald.com)
Bill Clinton's unexplained idea | United States | The Economist
Bill Clinton's unexplained idea | United States | The Economist (economist.com)
Anthrax Disease - National Vaccine Information Center
Anthrax Disease - National Vaccine Information Center (nvic.org)
Court Orders Pentagon to Stop Anthrax Vaccinations - Diseases and Vaccines - NVIC
Court Orders Pentagon to Stop Anthrax Vaccinations - Diseases and Vaccines - NVIC (nvic.org)
Metro - The Washington Post
Metro - The Washington Post (washingtonpost.com)
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: LI nurses to rally against mandatory swine flu vaccines/Newsday
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: LI nurses to rally against mandatory swine flu vaccines/Newsday (anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com)
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: Why Am I Concerned about Safety of Swine Flu Vaccines?
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: Why Am I Concerned about Safety of Swine Flu Vaccines? (anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com)
Bioterrorism Infectious Agents | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians
Bioterrorism Infectious Agents | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians (annals.org)
Producing Enough Vaccine For The Coronavirus Means Companies Have To Start Now : Shots - Health News : NPR
Producing Enough Vaccine For The Coronavirus Means Companies Have To Start Now : Shots - Health News : NPR (npr.org)
IDF secretly uses soldiers as anthrax vaccine guinea pigs
IDF secretly uses soldiers as anthrax vaccine guinea pigs (ynetnews.com)
Anthrax | Blausen Medical
Anthrax | Blausen Medical (blausen.com)
How to improve vaccines to trigger T cell as well as antibody response
How to improve vaccines to trigger T cell as well as antibody response (innovations-report.com)
Gulf War Illness
Gulf War Illness (gulfwarvets.com)
Placing Blame | American Experience | Official Site | PBS
Placing Blame | American Experience | Official Site | PBS (pbs.org)
Is homeopathy the end of vaccines? Only quacks would think so... | ScienceBlogs
Is homeopathy the end of vaccines? Only quacks would think so... | ScienceBlogs (scienceblogs.com)
Strategies for sustainable animal agriculture in developing countries
Strategies for sustainable animal agriculture in developing countries (fao.org)
Gulf War Syndrome
Gulf War Syndrome (slate.com)
Yr Athro Les Baillie - Pobl - Prifysgol Caerdydd
Yr Athro Les Baillie - Pobl - Prifysgol Caerdydd (cardiff.ac.uk)
Could deadly Ebola virus reach Britain? - Telegraph
Could deadly Ebola virus reach Britain? - Telegraph (telegraph.co.uk)
Difference between revisions of The pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis - microbewiki
Difference between revisions of "The pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis" - microbewiki (microbewiki.kenyon.edu)
VACCINES AND GENETIC MUTATIONS » Uncensored Publications Limited
VACCINES AND GENETIC MUTATIONS » Uncensored Publications Limited (uncensored.co.nz)
February 2017 Ambassador Posts | The New York Academy of Sciences
February 2017 Ambassador Posts | The New York Academy of Sciences (nyas.org)
Erythema News, Research - Page 5
Erythema News, Research - Page 5 (news-medical.net)