Anthrax
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.
Bioterrorism
Bacterial Toxins
Biological Warfare
Spores, Bacterial
Receptors, Peptide
Antitoxins
Inhalation Exposure
Postal Service
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
District of Columbia
Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management--United States, 1998. (1/771)
From October 30 through December 23, 1998, CDC received reports of a series of bioterroristic threats of anthrax exposure. Letters alleged to contain anthrax were sent to health clinics on October 30, 1998, in Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. During December 17-23 in California, a letter alleged to contain anthrax was sent to a private business, and three telephone threats of anthrax contamination of ventilation systems were made to private and public buildings. All threats were hoaxes and are under investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and local law enforcement officials. The public health implications of these threats were investigated to assist in developing national public health guidelines for responding to bioterrorism. This report summarizes the findings of these investigations and provides interim guidance for public health authorities on bioterrorism related to anthrax. (+info)A randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker specific for the Bacillus cereus group is diagnostic for Bacillus anthracis. (2/771)
Aiming to develop a DNA marker specific for Bacillus anthracis and able to discriminate this species from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus mycoides, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting technique to a collection of 101 strains of the genus Bacillus, including 61 strains of the B. cereus group. An 838-bp RAPD marker (SG-850) specific for B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis, and B. mycoides was identified. This fragment included a putative (366-nucleotide) open reading frame highly homologous to the ypuA gene of Bacillus subtilis. The restriction analysis of the SG-850 fragment with AluI distinguished B. anthracis from the other species of the B. cereus group. (+info)The efforts of WHO and Pugwash to eliminate chemical and biological weapons--a memoir. (3/771)
The World Health Organization and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (Nobel Peace Prize 1995) have been involved in questions concerning chemical and biological arms since the early 1950s. This memoir reviews a number of milestones in the efforts of these organizations to achieve the elimination of these weapons through international treaties effectively monitored and enforced for adherence to their provisions. It also highlights a number of outstanding personalities who were involved in the efforts to establish and implement the two major treaties now in effect, the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 and the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. (+info)Genetic diversity in the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis. (4/771)
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax. The anthrax toxin contains three components, including the protective antigen (PA), which binds to eucaryotic cell surface receptors and mediates the transport of toxins into the cell. In this study, the entire 2,294-nucleotide protective antigen gene (pag) was sequenced from 26 of the most diverse B. anthracis strains to identify potential variation in the toxin and to further our understanding of B. anthracis evolution. Five point mutations, three synonymous and two missense, were identified. These differences correspond to six different haploid types, which translate into three different amino acid sequences. The two amino acid changes were shown to be located in an area near a highly antigenic region critical to lethal factor binding. Nested primers were used to amplify and sequence this same region of pag from necropsy samples taken from victims of the 1979 Sverdlovsk incident. This investigation uncovered five different alleles among the strains present in the tissues, including two not seen in the 26-sample survey. One of these two alleles included a novel missense mutation, again located just adjacent to the highly antigenic region. Phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of the pag corresponded with previous strain grouping based on chromosomal variation, suggesting that plasmid evolution in B. anthracis has occurred with little or no horizontal transfer between the different strains. (+info)Role of toxin functional domains in anthrax pathogenesis. (5/771)
We investigated the role of the functional domains of anthrax toxins during infection. Three proteins produced by Bacillus anthracis, the protective antigen (PA), the lethal factor (LF), and the edema factor (EF), combine in pairs to produce the lethal (PA+LF) and edema (PA+EF) toxins. A genetic strategy was developed to introduce by allelic exchange specific point mutations or in-frame deletions into B. anthracis toxin genes, thereby impairing either LF metalloprotease or EF adenylate cyclase activity or PA functional domains. In vivo effects of toxin mutations were analyzed in an experimental infection of mice. A tight correlation was observed between the properties of anthrax toxins delivered in vivo and their in vitro activities. The synergic effects of the lethal and edema toxins resulted purely from their enzymatic activities, suggesting that in vivo these toxins may act together. The PA-dependent antibody response to LF induced by immunization with live B. anthracis was used to follow the in vivo interaction of LF and PA. We found that the binding of LF to PA in vivo was necessary and sufficient for a strong antibody response against LF, whereas neither LF activity nor binding of lethal toxin complex to the cell surface was required. Mutant PA proteins were cleaved in mice sera. Thus, our data provide evidence that, during anthrax infection, PA may interact with LF before binding to the cell receptor. Immunoprotection studies indicated that the strain producing detoxified LF and EF, isogenic to the current live vaccine Sterne strain, is a safe candidate for use as a vaccine against anthrax. (+info)Surveillance for adverse events associated with anthrax vaccination--U.S. Department of Defense, 1998-2000. (6/771)
Concerns about the potential use of anthrax as a biologic weapon prompted the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to announce on December 15, 1997, anthrax vaccination of all U.S. military personnel. This effort is coordinated by the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP). AVIP plans a phased vaccination process to achieve total force protection against anthrax by 2004. The current phase of implementation includes vaccination of all service members and mission-essential DoD civilian employees assigned or deployed to high-threat areas. On the basis of program monitoring, as of April 12, 2000, 425,976 service members had received 1,620,793 doses of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) (Bioport, Inc., Lansing, Michigan). Some service members have cited concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy in their decision to refuse vaccination, despite the possibility of administrative or disciplinary actions. To assess anthrax vaccination safety, DoD has conducted surveys of vaccinated personnel. This report describes three completed or ongoing surveys. The findings indicate that rates of local reactions were higher in women than men and that no patterns of unexpected local or systemic adverse events have been identified. (+info)Attenuated nontoxinogenic and nonencapsulated recombinant Bacillus anthracis spore vaccines protect against anthrax. (7/771)
Several highly attenuated spore-forming nontoxinogenic and nonencapsulated Bacillus anthracis vaccines differing in levels of expression of recombinant protective antigen (rPA) were constructed. Biochemical analyses (including electrospray mass spectroscopy and N terminus amino acid sequencing) as well as biological and immunological tests demonstrated that the rPA retains the characteristics of native PA. A single immunization of guinea pigs with 5 x 10(7) spores of one of these recombinant strains, MASC-10, expressing high levels of rPA (>/=100 microgram/ml) from a constitutive heterologous promoter induced high titers of neutralizing anti-PA antibodies. This immune response was long lasting (at least 12 months) and provided protection against a lethal challenge of virulent (Vollum) anthrax spores. The recombinant B. anthracis spore vaccine appears to be more efficacious than the vegetative cell vaccine. Furthermore, while results clearly suggest a direct correlation between the level of expression of PA and the potency of the vaccine, they also suggest that some B. anthracis spore-associated antigen(s) may contribute in a significant manner to protective immunity. (+info)Characterization of the operon encoding the alternative sigma(B) factor from Bacillus anthracis and its role in virulence. (8/771)
The operon encoding the general stress transcription factor sigma(B) and two proteins of its regulatory network, RsbV and RsbW, was cloned from the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis by PCR amplification of chromosomal DNA with degenerate primers, by inverse PCR, and by direct cloning. The gene cluster was very similar to the Bacillus subtilis sigB operon both in the primary sequences of the gene products and in the order of its three genes. However, the deduced products of sequences upstream and downstream from this operon showed no similarity to other proteins encoded by the B. subtilis sigB operon. Therefore, the B. anthracis sigB operon contains three genes rather than eight as in B. subtilis. The B. anthracis operon is preceded by a sigma(B)-like promoter sequence, the expression of which depends on an intact sigma(B) transcription factor in B. subtilis. It is followed by another open reading frame that is also preceded by a promoter sequence similarly dependent on B. subtilis sigma(B). We found that in B. anthracis, both these promoters were induced during the stationary phase and induction required an intact sigB gene. The sigB operon was induced by heat shock. Mutants from which sigB was deleted were constructed in a toxinogenic and a plasmidless strain. These mutants differed from the parental strains in terms of morphology. The toxinogenic sigB mutant strain was also less virulent than the parental strain in the mouse model. B. anthracis sigma(B) may therefore be a minor virulence factor. (+info)Diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax in resource-poor settings in West Arsi Province, Ethiopia.
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anthrax
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Anthrax Vaccine
Bacillus anthracis
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Pox Americana
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U.S.A.F.)
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Anthrax
"Injection Anthrax , Anthrax , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 16 September 2020. Anthrax - Chapter 4 - 2020 ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anthrax (disease). Anthrax at Curlie Anthrax in humans and animals - Textbook from WHO ... Anthrax is especially rare in dogs and cats, as is evidenced by a single reported case in the United States in 2001. Anthrax ... Cutaneous anthrax, also known as hide-porter's disease, is when anthrax occurs on the skin. It is the most common form (>90% of ...
The Anthrax
Everybody's Scene: The Story of Connecticut's Anthrax Club The Anthrax FaceBook Page (Articles lacking in-text citations from ... The Anthrax was a highly regarded all-ages music venue that hosted punk and hardcore shows in Connecticut. To the many touring ... The Anthrax is often mentioned in books about hardcore history. The book Everybody's Scene by Chris Daily is solely about The ... The Stamford location closed its doors and within 3 months the Anthrax reopened at a much larger location at 23 Perry Avenue in ...
Anthrax mite
The Anthrax mite (Sarcoptes anthracis) is a pathogenic mite and an intermediate host of anthrax. Sarcoptes anthracis was ... They act as a vector that carries and transmits anthrax to their hosts causing an infection, which often results in death ...
Anthrax albofasciatus
... is a species of fly in the family Bombyliidae. United States, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras. Macquart, P.J. ...
Paranthrene anthrax
... is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is known from Sierra Leone. Afro Moths Wikispecies has information ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paranthrene anthrax. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is ...
Anthrax striatipennis
Marston, N.L. (1970). "Revision of the New World species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) other than Anthrax albofasciatus ... Anthrax striatipennis is a species of bee flies (insects in the family Bombyliidae). United States. ...
Anthrax nigriventris
Marston, N.L. (1970). "Revision of the New World species of Anthrax (Diptera: Bombyliidae) other than Anthrax albofasciatus ... Anthrax nigriventris is a species of bee flies (insects in the family Bombyliidae). Mexico, United States. ...
Anthrax pluto
... is a species of fly in the family Bombyliidae. United States. Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1828). ...
Calosoma anthrax
... is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily of Carabinae. It was described by Semenov in 1900. "Calosoma ...
Anthrax discography
"Search for: Anthrax feat. Chuck D." charts.nz. Hung Medien. Retrieved March 5, 2013. Soldiers of Metal (track listing). Anthrax ... "Hy Pro Glo , Anthrax , Music Video". MTV Music. Viacom Media Networks. July 7, 2005. Retrieved March 5, 2013. "Fueled , Anthrax ... "Only , Anthrax , Music Video". MTV Music. Viacom Media Networks. May 2, 2005. Retrieved March 5, 2013. "Black Lodge , Anthrax ... Official website Anthrax at AllMusic Anthrax discography discography at Discogs (CS1 German-language sources (de), CS1 Japanese ...
Camponotus anthrax
... is a species of ant in the subgenus Camponotus (Myrmentoma). It is endemic to western North America. AntWeb ... "Camponotus anthrax Species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 29 August 2020. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...
Anthrax War
... is a 2009 documentary film about the 2001 anthrax attacks and the rise of today's biomilitary industrial complex ... "Anthrax War". CBC Documentaries. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 2009-09-11. Official website Anthrax War at IMDb ... Shortly after the 9/11 terrorist attacks, anthrax-laced letters were mailed to offices of media outlets in New York City and ... 2001 anthrax attacks, 2000s English-language films, 2000s American films, All stub articles, Historical documentary film stubs) ...
Milesia anthrax
... is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae. Borneo. Hippa, H. (1990). "The genus Milesia Latreille ( ...
Anthrax toxin
... is an A-B toxin. Each individual anthrax toxin protein is nontoxic. Toxic symptoms are not observed when these ... called anthrax toxin. Anthrax toxin is a mixture of three protein components: (i) protective antigen (PA), (ii) edema factor ( ... Bacillus anthracis-the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is ... Anthrax toxin is of the form A2B, where the two enzymes, EF and LF, are the A components and PA is the B component. Thus, PA ...
Anthrax (disambiguation)
Anthrax may also refer to: Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium responsible for anthrax, the disease Anthrax toxin, the virulent ... Look up anthrax in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. ... "Anthrax", a song by that band from their album Fistful of Metal Anthrax (British band), a British anarcho-punk band formed in ... in which letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to US media outlets and politicians Anthrax (fly), a genus of bombyliid ...
Anthrax larrea
... is a species of bee flies (insects in the family Bombyliidae). United States. Marston, N.L. (1963). "A revision ... of the Nearctic species of the albofasciatus group of the genus Anthrax Scopoli (Diptera: Bombyliidae)" (PDF). Technical ...
Diasporus anthrax
The specific name anthrax is Greek for Greek, meaning a carbuncle, a red gemstone. It refers to the red patches on the hidden ... Diasporus anthrax are small frogs, with a body size of 14-19 mm (0.55-0.75 in). It is easily distinguished from related species ... Diasporus anthrax is a species of frogs in the family Eleutherodactylidae. It is endemic to Colombia where it is found along ... Acosta Galvis, A. R. & Cuentas, D. (2017). "Diasporus anthrax (Lynch, 2001)". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.07.2017.0. ...
Anthrax vaccines
... are vaccines to prevent the livestock and human disease anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. ... "Anthrax and Anthrax Vaccine-Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases Archived August 24, 2012, at the ... This discovery was the basis of the next generation of antigenic anthrax vaccines and for modern antitoxins to anthrax. The ... 2017). "Chapter 13: Anthrax". Immunisation against infectious disease. Public Health England. Turnbull, P.C.B. (1991), "Anthrax ...
Platypeza anthrax
... is a species of flat-footed flies (insects in the family Platypezidae). "Platypeza anthrax Report". ... "Platypeza anthrax species details". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-29. "Platypeza anthrax". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-29. " ... "Platypeza anthrax Species Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-29. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...
Pleurothallis anthrax
... is a species of orchid native to southern Colombia and Venezuela. "Pleurothallis anthrax Luer & R.Escobar ...
Anthrax (fly)
1935 Anthrax albofasciatus Macquart, 1840 Anthrax alruqibi El-Hawagry, 2013 Anthrax analis Say, 1823 Anthrax anthrax (Schrank, ... Anthrax moursyi El-Hawagry, 1998 Anthrax nidicola Cole, 1952 Anthrax nigriventris Marston, 1970 Anthrax nitidus Marston, 1970 ... 1804 Anthrax vallicola Marston, 1963 Anthrax varius Fabricius, 1794 Anthrax virgo Egger, 1859 Anthrax zohrayensis El-Hawagry, ... 1805 Anthrax painteri Marston, 1970 Anthrax pauper (Loew, 1869) Anthrax pelopeius François, 1966 Anthrax picea Marston, 1963 ...
Anthrax anthrax
The newly emerged Anthrax anthrax may be found sitting on a bee hotel. Their body is dull black with more transparent wings. A ... A. anthrax hovering near a nest entrance of a mason bee A. anthrax hovering above a flower Schrank, F. von Paula (1781). ... Anthrax anthrax is a species of fly in the family Bombyliidae. Unlike, for example, Bombylius major, this species does not ... Woods, M. J (2020). "First records of breeding of the bee-fly Anthrax anthrax (Schrank) (Diptera, Bombyliidae) in Britain in ...
Anthrax pauper
... is a species of bee flies (insects in the family Bombyliidae). United States. Loew, H. (1869). "Diptera Americae ...
Anthrax analis
... is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae. Canada, Mexico, United States, Costa Rica, Cuba, Nicaragua. ...
Pseudolithoxus anthrax
... is a species of armored catfish endemic to Venezuela where it is found in the Orinoco River basin. This ... Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2011). "Pseudolithoxus anthrax" in FishBase. December 2011 version. v t e (Articles with ...
Anthrax weaponization
43 people tested positive to anthrax exposure and 22 cases of anthrax illness were diagnosed, where 11 were inhalation anthrax ... 96 cases of anthrax infection were reported where 79 were gastrointestinal anthrax and 17 were cutaneous, of these cases 64 out ... A mathematical model of a simulated large-scale airborne anthrax attack in a large city (1 kg anthrax spores in a city of 10 ... Similar to a warhead, an anthrax filled bomb, such as the E61 Anthrax Bomblet or other N-bomb cluster munition filled with ...
Anthrax seriepunctatus
... is a species of bee fly in the family Bombyliidae. Mexica, United States. Osten Sacken, C.R. (1886). " ...
Anthrax cascadensis
... is a species of bee flies (insects in the family Bombyliidae). Canada, United States. Marston, N.L. (1963 ... "A revision of the Nearctic species of the albofasciatus group of the genus Anthrax Scopoli (Diptera: Bombyliidae)" (PDF). ...
Anthrax hoaxes
... involving the use of white powder or labels to falsely suggest the use of anthrax are frequently reported in the ... "US anthrax hoax suspect arrested". BBC News. 6 December 2001. Retrieved 10 December 2009. "Man is convicted in anthrax hoax ... Hoaxes have increased following the 2001 anthrax attacks, after which no genuine anthrax attacks have occurred. The FBI and U.S ... 2001 anthrax attacks, Anthrax, Hoaxes in the United States, 2001 hoaxes). ...
Anthrax Island
... may refer to one of three sites for hazardous biological disease testing: Gruinard Island, a Scottish island in ...
What is Anthrax? | CDC
Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by bacteria that can cause severe illness in both people and animals. ... How people get infected with anthrax. People get infected with anthrax when spores get into the body. When anthrax spores get ... Guide to understanding anthrax. CDC has created "Guide to Understanding Anthrax pdf icon[PDF - 751K]" with the basic ... Anthrax can cause severe illness in both humans and animals.. Anthrax is not contagious, which means you cant catch it from ...
Anthrax: MedlinePlus
We offer information about anthrax symptoms, causes, vaccine, and treatment. ... You probably wont have to worry about getting anthrax disease. ... Anthrax (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish * Anthrax blood ... Antibiotics often cure anthrax if it is diagnosed early. But many people dont know they have anthrax until it is too late to ... Anthrax is rare. It affects animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats more often than people. People can get anthrax from ...
The Anthrax Epidemiologic Tool Kit
Concurrent epidemiological investigation of anthrax cases in five geographic regions required rapid development of field ... The Anthrax Epidemiologic Tool Kit: An Instrument for Public Health Preparedness Dori B. Reissman, Ellen B. Steinberg, Julie M ... Cite this: The Anthrax Epidemiologic Tool Kit: An Instrument for Public Health Preparedness - Medscape - Apr 01, 2003. ... Table 2. Data Elements Used to Describe Case-Finding Strategies for the Anthrax Investigation Tool Kit ...
Anthrax in humans and animals
Anthrax: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Anthrax is a zoonotic infection caused by Bacillus anthracis (see the image below) . Most anthrax is cutaneous (95%). ... Pulmonary anthrax results from inhaling anthrax spores. GI anthrax results from ingesting meat products that contain anthrax. ... Anthrax meningitis. Anthrax meningitis may complicate any form of anthrax, with bacteremia and hematogenous spread to the CNS. ... Patients with oropharyngeal anthrax may develop airway obstruction (as may those with inhalational anthrax or cutaneous anthrax ...
Table 5 - Modeling Tool for Decision Support during Early Days of an Anthrax Event - Volume 23, Number 1-January 2017 -...
Wein LM, Craft DL; Anthrax Modeling working Group. Evaluation of public health interventions for Anthrax: a report to the ... Meselson M, Guillemin J, Hugh-Jones M, Langmuir A, Popova I, Shelokov A, et al. The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979. ... SteelFisher G, Blendon R, Ross LJ, Collins BC, Ben-Porath EN, Bekheit MM, et al. Public response to an anthrax attack: ... Hendricks KA, Wright ME, Shadomy SV, Bradley JS, Morrow MG, Pavia AT, et al.; Workgroup on Anthrax Clinical Guidelines. Centers ...
Browsing by Subject "Anthrax"
Pakistans experience of a bioterrorism-related anthrax scare  Ahmad, K.; Dil, A.S.; Kazi, B.M.; Us Saba, N.; Ansari, J.; ... Anthrax in humans and animals  World Health Organization; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; World ... WHO Consultation on Anthrax Control and Research (‎1990: Geneva)‎; World Health Organization. Veterinary Public Health Unit (‎ ... Anthrax, like tuberculosis, shows a new epidemic spread in industrialized countries, revealing some ambiguous aspects to the ...
70,000 Tons of Metal Cruise 2017: Days 1 and 2 - Death Angel, Arch Enemy, Anthrax, Carcass, More
Not to mention, on any given day of the cruise, Anthrax frontman Joey Belladonna could usually be found by the Sprinkles soft ... Angra and Amorphis played the Deck Stage in the evening and everyone war-danced on the Deck when Anthrax delivered their ... 70,000 Tons of Metal Cruise 2017: Days 1 and 2 - Death Angel, Arch Enemy, Anthrax, Carcass, More. ...
Anthrax...A Burning Coal
... DOCTORS VIEW ARCHIVE. (December 28, 1997) - All of a sudden anthrax is in the news since the December ... Anthrax can take different forms. As an agent of biological warfare, anthrax is designed to cause the lung form of the ... But most human anthrax over the years has come from skin contact with animal products. Cutaneous (skin) anthrax was once well ... People inhale the anthrax spores and, if untreated, are likely to die. Eating meat contaminated with anthrax causes an ...
Biological Emergencies: Anthrax - NYC Health
Anthrax. Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax most commonly ... Meningeal or brain anthrax disease usually cannot be treated successfully.. Injectional (blood) anthrax is a new type of ... Anthrax does not typically occur in New York City. In the fall of 2001, an outbreak of cutaneous and inhalation anthrax in New ... While cutaneous anthrax infections account for about 95% of all human anthrax cases, there are other, more serious forms of ...
Anthrax investigators looked at 1,000 suspects | Reuters
Army scientist alone committed the deadly 2001 anthrax attacks, according to Justice Department documents released on Friday. ... Bruce Ivins was the anthrax mailer," according to the documents, citing direct evidence about the anthrax spores and what it ... Ivins was alone in his lab for long stretches of time in the evenings and on the weekends leading up to the anthrax mailing ... By 2007, investigators conclusively determined that a single-spore batch of anthrax created and maintained by Ivins at his ...
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: Watch Frontline's "The Anthrax Files"/ PBS
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D. This blog began in 2007, focusing on anthrax vaccine, and later expanded to other ... Watch Frontlines "The Anthrax Files"/ PBS See Part I of The Anthrax Files. This terribly important 1 hour documentary ... Scientific Research Expands our Understanding of Anthrax. *New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of anthrax toxin- ... Most-cited papers of mine include one investigating Zimbabwes major anthrax epidemic and a review of anthrax vaccines ...
Anthrax - Conservapedia
Anthrax has become known as a sort of Biological weapon. It became notable in the news in 2001, due to anthrax scares caused by ... The strain of anthrax used in the attacks was first developed in a U.S. Army facility in Fort Detrick, Maryland. The wife of ... Anthrax is important in the history of medicine. In 1875, the pioneering bacteriologist Robert Koch convincingly proved for the ... According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anthrax is "an acute infectious disease caused by the spore- ...
Anthrax Anxiety?
If you havent heard of Anthrax by now, you are either very lucky or very lucky. The fact is I have now heard that word more ... If you havent heard of anthrax by now, you are either very lucky or very lucky. The fact is I have now heard that word more ... Lets talk about anthrax. It is a bacterium, which means that it can be treated with antibiotics. Okay?? Nuff said. ...
Columbus innocent over anthrax in the Americas | New Scientist
The Ames strain used in the anthrax attacks, for example, naturally occurs only in Texas, but differs from Eurasian anthrax by ... Anthrax bacteria can live in soil for decades as tough spores, until they are inhaled by a grazing animal. Then they multiply ... For anthrax, at least, Columbus is off the hook. But the finding may also have implications for the extinction of many American ... Anthrax initially evolved in southern Africa, earlier work has demonstrated. Paul Keim of the Northern Arizona University, who ...
WHO EMRO | Anthrax | Health topics
Anthrax bacteria can survive in the environment for decades by forming spores. In its most common natural form called cutaneous ... Anthrax in humans is not generally regarded as contagious, although rare records of person-to-person transmission exist. ... Control of anthrax among humans depends on the integration of veterinary and human health surveillance and control programmes. ... Anthrax is primarily a zoonotic disease in herbivores caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. Humans generally acquire ...
The Anthrax Coverup Exposed | Dissident Voice
The 2001 Anthrax Deception: The Case for a Domestic Conspiracy, has been vindicated by the head of the FBIs Anthrax ... The Anthrax Coverup Exposed. by Paul Craig Roberts / April 18th, 2015. Graeme MacQueens 2014 book, The 2001 Anthrax Deception ... Scientists have conclusively proven that the anthrax in the letters was advanced bio-weapons technology to which Ivins had no ... MacQueens conclusion stands vindicated by Richard Lambert, the agent in charge of the FBI anthrax investigation who has turned ...
Anthrax - Alternative Press Magazine
See members of Run-DMC, Anthrax and more team up for charity medley. See members of Run-DMC, Anthrax and more team up for ... Hear Billie Eilish get a heavy twist from Anthrax and Suicidal Tendencies. Hear Billie Eilish get a heavy twist from Anthrax ... anthrax. Mikey Way, Shaun Simon & other Z2 Comics artists to appear at Comic Con. Mikey Way, Shaun Simon & other Z2 Comics ... Members of Anthrax and Suicidal Tendencies are linking up for a virtual cover of Billie Eilish's "bad guy." ...
Be on lookout for anthrax
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
All about Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis). Though the word "anthrax" conjures up fearsome thoughts of biological weapons, anthrax ... Anthrax comes from the Greek: Anthrax = coal because of the black and inflamed appearance of cutaneous anthrax. ... Anthrax was used as biological warfare in WWI. Germans infected animals that they traded to the Allies. Anthrax has been ... By contrast, gastrointestinal and inhalational anthrax infections - which result from ingesting or inhaling anthrax - can be ...
Invisible lyrics - ANTHRAX
No Evidence of 'Anthrax' Attack at Conspiracy Event | Snopes.com
Anthrax, the disease caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria spores, is one of the most feared and potentially deadly agents used ... No Evidence of Anthrax Attack at Conspiracy Event. Some stated without evidence that they believed they were sickened at " ... Some stated that they believed they were attacked with anthrax.. We found no evidence, however, that any such attack occurred. ... A spokesman for Frisco police told Snopes in an email that there have been "no reports" of anthrax or any biological agent ...
Anthrax - "Among The Living"
Temple Of The Black Moon: collaborazione tra alcuni membri di Anthrax, Cradle Of Filth e Gorgoroth
Anthrax Vaccine Intramuscular: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD
Find patient medical information for anthrax vaccine intramuscular on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, ... Anthrax Vaccine Suspension - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Common Brand(S): Biothrax Generic Name(S): anthrax vaccine View Free ... Does Anthrax Vaccine Suspension interact with other medications? * Should I avoid certain foods while taking Anthrax Vaccine ... How to use Anthrax Vaccine Suspension Read all vaccine information available from your health care professional before ...
Anthrax - Chapter 4 - 2020 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health | CDC
Anthrax Meningitis. Anthrax meningitis may develop from hematogenous spread of any of the clinical forms of anthrax, or it may ... Worldwide, the most commonly reported form of anthrax in humans is cutaneous anthrax (95%-99%). Anthrax can occur after playing ... A map of anthrax-endemic countries and guidance for travelers visiting those countries can be found at www.cdc.gov/anthrax/ ... Injection Anthrax. Anthrax in injection drug users usually develops within 1-4 days of exposure; death occurs in more than a ...
LAT kudos on anthrax suicide - LA Observed
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2001 anthrax8
- WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Over 1,000 possible suspects faced scrutiny before investigators finally concluded a U.S. Army scientist alone committed the deadly 2001 anthrax attacks, according to Justice Department documents released on Friday. (reuters.com)
- The military Ames strain behind the 2001 anthrax attacks, however, is a recent Asian immigrant. (newscientist.com)
- The Government Accountability Office says the science the FBI used to investigate the 2001 anthrax attacks was flawed. (phys.org)
- The FBI used flawed scientific methods to investigate the 2001 anthrax attacks that killed five people and sickened 17 others, federal auditors said Friday in a report sure to fuel skepticism over the FBI's conclusion that Army biodefense researcher Bruce Ivins was the sole perpetrator. (phys.org)
- CDC and FBI during the investigation of the 2001 anthrax attacks and highlight the challenges and suc- cesses of public health and law enforcement collaborations in general. (cdc.gov)
- On Oct. 4, 2001, CDC confirmed the first case of the 2001 anthrax attacks in a 63-year-old Palm Beach County, FL, man who was exposed to B. anthracis at his workplace. (cdc.gov)
- Oh well, I'm sure that the same federal government whose highly trained police force persecuted the wrong people for the Atlanta Olympic bombing and the 2001 anthrax attacks won't ever persecute the wrong employees when countless bureaucrats are casting suspicions. (theatlantic.com)
- The court imposed $5000 a day on her personally for refusing to disclose her sources in the case filed by former Army scientist, Steven J. Hatfill related to the 2001 anthrax attacks. (jonathanturley.org)
Bacillus20
- Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis . (cdc.gov)
- Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil. (medlineplus.gov)
- Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. (nyc.gov)
- Anthrax is primarily a zoonotic disease in herbivores caused by a bacterium called Bacillus anthracis. (who.int)
- Though the word "anthrax" conjures up fearsome thoughts of biological weapons, anthrax is a once-common disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which is often found in soil. (giantmicrobes.com)
- Koch isolated Bacillus anthracis and verified that it caused the anthrax disease. (giantmicrobes.com)
- Anthrax, the disease caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria spores, is one of the most feared and potentially deadly agents used in bioterrorism attacks. (snopes.com)
- Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax. (news-medical.net)
- The Washington DC-based team combined toxins from the bacteria Bacillus anthracis and Yersinia pestis, which cause anthrax and the pneumonic plague, respectively. (asianage.com)
- Anthrax is a severe disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. (kenyon.edu)
- Although human anthrax was historically known to be contracted from high exposures to animals and animal products that were infected with Bacillus Anthracis spores, the spread of human anthrax in the United States took on a different approach. (kenyon.edu)
- Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis and spreads when the anthrax spores are inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with the skin lesion on a host. (medindia.net)
- Until the new study that was published by Dr. Khan and his colleagues, however, it was not known if lysozyme could also be effective against Bacillus anthracis, the microbe that causes anthrax. (medindia.net)
- Based on our results, it looks like that lysozyme could be used to either slow down or prevent the growth of an avirulent form of the bacterium Bacillus anthracis that causes anthrax," Khan said. (medindia.net)
- Bacillus anthracis , the bacteria that causes anthrax, is commonly found in soils all over the world and can cause serious, and often fatal, illness in both humans and animals. (globalbiodefense.com)
- The LRN played a pivotal role in the quick detection of Bacillus anthracis , the bacteria that causes anthrax. (cdc.gov)
- Bacillus anthracis , the cause of Anthrax infections, was isolated from buccal and nasal swabs collected from the dead zebra, making it the first confirmed anthrax infection in a wildlife species in the Namib Desert. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
- Bacterial cultures from highly susceptible animals that quickly die are often anthrax negative, because the animals might die already at a low presence of bacteria in the blood or from a high load of toxin released by Bacillus anthracis when destroyed by the immune system. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
- This outbreak was caused by anthrax bacillus transmitted to contacts from the tissues of the sick cow. (who.int)
- Among the documents seized was a direction to purchase bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax disease. (asyura2.com)
Bacteria24
- Intentional contamination of food with anthrax spores could cause gastrointestinal anthrax after a person eats uncooked or undercooked food that is contaminated with anthrax spores or bacteria. (nyc.gov)
- It can occur in the upper (throat) or lower (abdominal) intestinal tracts, typically after a person eats uncooked or undercooked food that is contaminated with anthrax spores or bacteria. (nyc.gov)
- Meningeal (brain) can occur if anthrax bacteria enter the bloodstream following cutaneous, inhalation, gastrointestinal or injectional anthrax infection. (nyc.gov)
- Bioterrorism has occurred in New York only in 2001, when media outlets received letters that were intentionally contaminated with anthrax bacteria. (nyc.gov)
- Anthrax bacteria can live in soil for decades as tough spores, until they are inhaled by a grazing animal. (newscientist.com)
- Anthrax bacteria can survive in the environment for decades by forming spores. (who.int)
- Ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic drug, is prescribed for treating patients suffering from anthrax and other bacteria. (fpif.org)
- Bacteria behind anthrax and pneumonic plague are two of the deadliest pathogens that could be used in warfare and researchers from The Catholic University of America therefore created a single vaccine that could provide completion protection against the two diseases. (asianage.com)
- When inhaled, the anthrax bacteria replicate in the body and produce toxins that can cause massive and irreversible tissue injury and death. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- The anthrax bacteria is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person. (nvic.org)
- Anthrax vaccine is licensed for use in adults between the ages of 18 and 65 who are at high risk for exposure to anthrax bacteria. (nvic.org)
- A heat wave is blamed for thawing a 75-year-old reindeer carcass, along with dormant spores of anthrax bacteria that infected it. (npr.org)
- In this case, the bacteria were anthrax, and more than 75 years ago, they killed a reindeer. (npr.org)
- After 15 years of work, John Collier has made discoveries that he expects will lead to new drugs to neutralize the lethal poison produced by anthrax bacteria. (harvard.edu)
- Recent discoveries about how anthrax bacteria inject their poisons reveal vulnerable sites where novel drugs could treat or prevent lethal infections. (harvard.edu)
- The most common type of anthrax, cutaneous (skin) anthrax, happens when a person has a cut of some type on the skin, allowing the bacteria to enter. (kenyon.edu)
- Anthrax bacteria form spores that can survive in the environment for long periods of time. (wa.gov)
- caused by inhaling anthrax bacteria into the lungs. (wa.gov)
- Cutaneous anthrax - caused when anthrax bacteria make contact with cut or damaged skin. (wa.gov)
- Gastrointestinal anthrax - caused by swallowing anthrax bacteria. (wa.gov)
- This failure to grasp the reason for genetic mutations that were used to differentiate between samples of anthrax bacteria was a "key scientific gap" in the investigation, the report says. (phys.org)
- Data from this study could be used in developing safer foods for human consumption," said Saeed A. Khan, Ph.D. "The data from our study shows that lysozyme application has the potential to eliminate anthrax producing bacteria in processed foods. (medindia.net)
- According to a new study, anthrax-causing bacteria can be engineered to shed their invisibility cloaks, which will making it easier for the immune system to eradicate it. (medindia.net)
- At least 84 workers maybe more were potentially exposed to the deadly anthrax bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Inhalational anthrax15
- In October 2001, the first inhalational anthrax case in the United States since 1976 was identified in a media company worker in Florida. (cdc.gov)
- the cials, leading to the first bioterrorism-related cases of anthrax last reported case of inhalational anthrax in the United States in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Outbreaks of conducted through coordinated efforts of medical and labora- inhalational anthrax among humans were linked to occupa- tory communities and local, state, and federal public health tional exposures at a goat-hair-processing plant in New and law enforcement agencies. (cdc.gov)
- Bioterrorism must be suspected in any case of inhalational anthrax. (medscape.com)
- Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- By contrast, gastrointestinal and inhalational anthrax infections - which result from ingesting or inhaling anthrax - can be deadly. (giantmicrobes.com)
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announces that it has approved Anthim (obiltoxaximab) injection to treat inhalational anthrax in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- Anthim is also approved to prevent inhalational anthrax when alternative therapies are not available or not appropriate. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- Inhalational anthrax is a rare disease that can occur after exposure to infected animals or contaminated animal products, or as a result of an intentional release of anthrax spores. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- Anthim's effectiveness for treatment and prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax was demonstrated in studies conducted in animals based on survival at the end of the studies. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- John Jernigan] Well, I think that my role was sort of the lead investigation for the clinical aspects of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. (cdc.gov)
- The last case of inhalational anthrax in the United States had been 25 years earlier, very rare disease, and so it wasn't clear at all at first that this was related to with anything having to do with bioterrorism, but anyway, I was aware that there was this investigation in Florida. (cdc.gov)
- And so, I found myself on a plane a couple of hours later, and my specific role was to investigate the clinical aspects of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. (cdc.gov)
- Would this behave differently from, sort of, natural inhalational anthrax infections? (cdc.gov)
- Anthrax is typically associated with, you know, the sporadic cases that we see are--are, sort of, with animal exposure, and there are three basic forms: you can inhale it and get inhalational anthrax which causes essentially a bad pulmonary disease and rapid progression. (cdc.gov)
Outbreaks9
- In areas where domestic animals have had anthrax in the past, routine vaccination can help prevent outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
- In the Eastern Mediterranean region outbreaks of human anthrax have been reported from Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Morocco, Pakistan and Sudan. (who.int)
- Although outbreaks still occur in livestock and wild herbivores in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, human anthrax in these areas is now rare. (cdc.gov)
- Outbreaks of cutaneous and ingestion anthrax have been associated with handling infected animals and butchering and eating meat from those animals. (cdc.gov)
- The Yamal-Nenets autonomous region authorities stopped vaccinating reindeer 10 years ago because there had been no anthrax outbreaks for more than half a century, he added. (themoscowtimes.com)
- In the early 20th century, there were repeated anthrax outbreaks in Siberia. (npr.org)
- That means anthrax outbreaks in Siberia could occur every summer, she says. (npr.org)
- They made spatial locations of anthrax outbreaks diagnosed by registered veterinary laboratories in the study area's zone of influence. (bvsalud.org)
- And one of those events occurred in the watershed public health year of 2001, when in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, anthrax outbreaks were detected in several places. (cdc.gov)
Infection13
- How soon after anthrax infection do symptoms appear? (nyc.gov)
- In addition, high levels of exposure to anthrax spores are required to cause infection, and most wide-spread dispersion methods would significantly dilute spore concentration. (giantmicrobes.com)
- A limited quantity of anthrax vaccine is currently available to individuals with an elevated risk of infection (such as military personnel and veterinarians). (giantmicrobes.com)
- This skin infection, called cutaneous anthrax, is the most common and the least deadly form of the disease. (giantmicrobes.com)
- Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin discovered why lung, but not skin, anthrax infections are lethal. (news-medical.net)
- Nine people have so far been officially diagnosed with anthrax and 72 people are currently in hospital suspected of suffering from the infection in the Yamal-Nenets autonomous region, according to the statement from Kobylin. (themoscowtimes.com)
- Anthrax is a rare but serious bacterial infection. (nvic.org)
- It is important that following the first detection of an anthrax infection in a herd, the surrounding animals should be removed and isolated from the field. (kenyon.edu)
- There are three types of anthrax and symptoms vary according to the how the infection occurred. (wa.gov)
- This type of anthrax infection is often fatal if not treated promptly. (wa.gov)
- Since anthrax is not spread from person to person, there is no need to immunize or treat contacts of persons ill with anthrax, such as household members, friends, or coworkers, unless they were exposed to the same source of infection. (wa.gov)
- The state public health laboratory confirmed the anthrax infection and alerted CDC. (cdc.gov)
- The laboratory worked with LRN-B partners to collect, test, and confirm 145 samples, tracing the infection to a drumming event-anthrax spores can be found in animal hides used on drums. (cdc.gov)
Human anthrax6
- But most human anthrax over the years has come from skin contact with animal products. (medicinenet.com)
- While cutaneous anthrax infections account for about 95% of all human anthrax cases, there are other, more serious forms of anthrax: inhalation, gastrointestinal, meningeal and injectional. (nyc.gov)
- Human anthrax is most common in agricultural areas where anthrax in animals occurs, including South and Central America, Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. (nyc.gov)
- Worldwide, the estimated incidence of human anthrax decreased from between 20,000 - 100,000 cases per year in 1958, to 2,000 per year during the 1980s. (who.int)
- Nearly all human anthrax infections are found on the skin. (giantmicrobes.com)
- The problem arises during early October to November in 2001, as the United States of America announced its first ten confirmed cases of human anthrax from bioterrorism. (kenyon.edu)
Cases of anth3
- There are occasional cases of anthrax among livestock populations in countries across the world, including Russia, but human deaths are very rare since the disease was largely eradicated after the development of an effective vaccine in the middle of the 20th century. (themoscowtimes.com)
- There's likely to be more cases of anthrax resurfacing, says Birgitta Evengar d, a microbiologist at Umea University in Sweden. (npr.org)
- Following recognition of the first cases of anthrax in Florida in early October 2001, investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Preven- tion (CDC) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) were mobilized to assist investigators from state and local public health and law enforcement agencies. (cdc.gov)
Form of anthrax7
- Gastrointestinal (throat or abdomen) is the rarest form of anthrax. (nyc.gov)
- This discovery might now pave the way towards the development of new therapiesfor the fatal lung form of anthrax. (news-medical.net)
- Interestingly, the lung form of anthrax is almost always fatal, whereas skin infections remain localized and are rarely lethal. (news-medical.net)
- In contrast to the lung form, the skin form of anthrax can be treated without problems and most patients recover. (news-medical.net)
- This mechanism is not effective in the lung form of anthrax. (news-medical.net)
- The scientists in Berlin now hope that their discovery will help to develop new drugs against the lung form of anthrax. (news-medical.net)
- [ 1 ] In the most common cutaneous form of anthrax, spores inoculate a host through skin lacerations, abrasions, or biting flies. (medscape.com)
Swallowing anthrax spores1
- It can enter the bloodstream from a cut in the skin, inhaling anthrax spores into the lungs, swallowing anthrax spores, or injecting anthrax contaminated heroin. (nvic.org)
Vaccine15
- A vaccine to prevent anthrax is available for people in the military and others at high risk. (medlineplus.gov)
- Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D. (blogspot.com)
- This blog began in 2007, focusing on anthrax vaccine, and later expanded to other public health and political issues. (blogspot.com)
- Reports say that scientists have created a vaccine that protects against both anthrax and plague amid fears of terror threats. (asianage.com)
- Speaking about it, lead author Dr Pan Tao said that the dual anthrax-plague vaccine is a strong candidate for stockpiling against a potential bioterror attack involving either one or both of these biothreat agents. (asianage.com)
- The anthrax vaccine (Biothrax manufactured by Emergent BioSolutions, Inc.) is FDA approved for use in persons between 18 and 65 years of age who are at high risk of exposure to anthrax. (nvic.org)
- No anthrax vaccine is approved for persons under 18 or over 65 years of age. (nvic.org)
- NVIC strongly recommends reading the vaccine manufacturer product information insert before receiving any vaccine, including the anthrax vaccine. (nvic.org)
- There is no anthrax vaccine licensed for use in children, and the vaccine is not recommended for pregnant women. (nvic.org)
- Biothrax anthrax vaccine manufactured by Emergent BioSolutions is recommended for persons considered high-risk for anthrax exposure. (nvic.org)
- NVIC encourages you to become fully informed about anthrax and the anthrax vaccine by reading all sections in the Table of Contents below, which contain many links and resources such as the manufacturer product information inserts, and to speak with one or more trusted health care professionals before making a vaccination decision for yourself or your child. (nvic.org)
- The mutants involve minor changes in a protein already used in the only available anthrax vaccine. (harvard.edu)
- And, in addition to blunting the syringe, they stimulate an immune response against anthrax the way the vaccine does. (harvard.edu)
- Only one facility in the United States is licensed by the Food and Drug Administration to produce the anthrax vaccine. (harvard.edu)
- Image courtesy of Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program Agency, Office of the Army Surgeon General, United States. (medscape.com)
Exposure15
- 1%). Anthrax caused by inhalation is usually fatal, and symptoms usually begin days after exposure. (medscape.com)
- However, it is possible for inhalation anthrax to develop up to 2 months after exposure to anthrax spores. (nyc.gov)
- Indeed, the fifth plague of the Bible (widespread death of livestock) may be a description of an anthrax outbreak - as well as the sixth plague, which describes the skin boils typically found after human exposure to infected animals or animal products. (giantmicrobes.com)
- In addition, experimental evidence suggests that immediate treatment with antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin can provide an effective response to anthrax exposure - and help ward off a modern outbreak of biblical proportions. (giantmicrobes.com)
- Occasional anthrax cases have occurred, in the United States and elsewhere, in which the exposure source remains unidentified. (cdc.gov)
- Cutaneous anthrax usually develops 1-7 days after exposure, but incubation periods as long as 17 days have been reported. (cdc.gov)
- It can also be used in this population after a potential or confirmed exposure to anthrax but must be given in conjunction with antibiotic therapy. (nvic.org)
- The outbreak of this disease was caused by inhalation of anthrax from exposure of the disease. (kenyon.edu)
- Proper disposal of anthrax infected carcasses and vaccination of at risk herds can help reduce exposure. (kenyon.edu)
- Five people died in October and November 2001 from anthrax inhalation or exposure linked to the letters. (phys.org)
- Ingestion of B anthracis spores may result in oropharyngeal anthrax 2-7 days after exposure. (medscape.com)
- Testing performed by LRN laboratories helped determine that exposure occurred at work after being exposed to anthrax that was mailed to the man's office. (cdc.gov)
- Cheetahs scavenge only rarely, which reduces their exposure to anthrax infected prey. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
- EPA employees were concerned about the potential for exposure to anthrax and other microorganisms during planned remediation activities. (cdc.gov)
- The potential for remediation worker exposure to anthrax spores at the former tannery appears to be minimal. (cdc.gov)
Infections5
- We sought many types of items, such as questionnaires, fact sheets, training and orientation materials, shipping and laboratory protocols, descriptions of surveillance systems used to detect persons with possible anthrax infections (i.e., case-finding), and press releases. (medscape.com)
- Anthrax most commonly occurs in wild and domestic livestock (such as cattle, sheep and goats), but infections also can occur in humans. (nyc.gov)
- Twenty-two people developed anthrax infections, and five of them died. (conservapedia.com)
- As reported in the newest issue of PloS Pathogen (November 2005) Neutrophils, a form of white blood cells, play a key role in anthrax infections. (news-medical.net)
- Even with treatment, about 50% of oropharyngeal anthrax infections are fatal. (kenyon.edu)
Type of anthrax2
- Injectional (blood) anthrax is a new type of anthrax caused when contaminated heroin is injected (usually in the skin). (nyc.gov)
- Of these 22 people with anthrax 11 were cutaneous, infecting the skin which is the less severe form and 11 were inhalational -- the more dangerous type of anthrax which can infect the tissues of the chest and even spread to the brain. (abc.net.au)
Oropharyngeal4
- Oropharyngeal anthrax develops 2-7 days after ingestion. (medscape.com)
- There are 2 main types of ingestion anthrax: oropharyngeal and intestinal. (cdc.gov)
- Gastrointestinal anthrax can also occur in the oropharyngeal - the symptoms then become a sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and toxaemia. (kenyon.edu)
- Oropharyngeal anthrax is a more common form of GI anthrax and has occurred in epidemic settings. (medscape.com)
20212
- The "ReAwaken America" event in Texas in December 2021 was the target of an anthrax or other biological agent attack. (snopes.com)
- Vice, 22 Dec. 2021, https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7wz5a/people-got-sick-at-a-conspiracy-conference-theyre-sure-its-anthrax. (snopes.com)
Investigation11
- Hampshire in 1957 and suspected accidental release of B. anthracis aerosols from a bioweapons facility in Sverdlovsk, 1Members of the National Anthrax Epidemiologic Investigation Team were Paul P. Abamonte, Joel Ackelsberg, S. (cdc.gov)
- Officially closing its investigation, the department said various steps taken in the past year only confirmed its earlier conclusion that the scientist, Dr. Bruce Ivins, who committed suicide in 2008, had mailed the anthrax-laced letters. (reuters.com)
- The evidence gathered in this seven-year investigation establishes that Dr. Bruce Ivins was the anthrax mailer," according to the documents, citing direct evidence about the anthrax spores and what it called "compelling circumstantial evidence. (reuters.com)
- Paul Keim of the Northern Arizona University, who led the genetic investigation of the attacks , says that normally anthrax spores do not move far from their dead victims, so it was probably humans carrying scavenged, spore-infested hair and hides who moved one anthrax "family" into northern Africa, then across Eurasia. (newscientist.com)
- Graeme MacQueen's 2014 book, The 2001 Anthrax Deception: The Case for a Domestic Conspiracy , has been vindicated by the head of the FBI's Anthrax Investigation. (dissidentvoice.org)
- MacQueen's conclusion stands vindicated by Richard Lambert , the agent in charge of the FBI anthrax investigation who has turned whistleblower. (dissidentvoice.org)
- A week or so ago the US National Research Council which is under the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine released a review of the scientific approaches and conclusions of the controversial FBI investigation into a deadly anthrax scare nearly ten years ago. (abc.net.au)
- It will be the second segment in the show, so if you have an interest in this topic, check your local PBS listings for NOVA scienceNOW, and watch for the 'Anthrax Investigation' segment. (911blogger.com)
- The Anthrax Attacks represented the first time sophisticated biological weaponry was unleashed within the United States and precipitated the largest investigation in FBI history. (themobmuseum.org)
- Decker is a retired FBI special agent assigned to the investigation of the Anthrax Attacks of late 2001. (themobmuseum.org)
- Hatfill wants to know who told her that he was a "person of interest" in the anthrax investigation. (jonathanturley.org)
Inhalation anthrax4
- In the fall of 2001, an outbreak of cutaneous and inhalation anthrax in New York City, New Jersey, the Washington, D.C. area and Florida resulted from a still unsolved act of bioterrorism involving letters intentionally contaminated with anthrax spores. (nyc.gov)
- Without immediate treatment, inhalation anthrax is usually fatal. (nyc.gov)
- Public response to an anthrax attack: reactions to mass prophylaxis in a scenario involving inhalation anthrax from an unidentified source. (cdc.gov)
- Aerosolized spores from contaminated hides or wool can cause inhalation anthrax. (cdc.gov)
Late 20012
- Against the backdrop of September 11th terrorist attacks in the U.S., the anthrax attacks in late 2001 raised highly controversial issues related to intellectual property rights. (fpif.org)
- Because of al Qaeda's limited sophistication, the documents do not support a theory that al Qaeda had a role in the anthrax letters mailed in late 2001 to Senate and news media offices that killed five people. (asyura2.com)
Biological11
- December 28, 1997) - All of a sudden anthrax is in the news since the December 15 announcement from the Pentagon that the entire U.S. military, 2.4 million strong including a million reservists, was to be vaccinated against this potentially deadly biological agent. (medicinenet.com)
- As an agent of biological warfare, anthrax is 'designed' to cause the lung form of the disease. (medicinenet.com)
- Anthrax has become known as a sort of Biological weapon . (conservapedia.com)
- Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002: updated recommendations for management. (cdc.gov)
- Anthrax was used as biological warfare in WWI. (giantmicrobes.com)
- A spokesman for Frisco police told Snopes in an email that there have been "no reports" of anthrax or any biological agent deployed against the event. (snopes.com)
- Overnight a man, liked and respected by his colleagues, who had worked on American biological warfare weapons for years, became a deranged homicidal maniac who decided to murder Americans at random in the immediate aftermath of 9/11 by sending them letters containing anthrax. (counterpunch.org)
- Anthrax is very interesting from a purely biological perspective," he notes. (harvard.edu)
- The Laboratory Response Network for Biological Threats (LRN-B) was created to strengthen the nation's ability to detect biological threat agents, like smallpox and anthrax. (cdc.gov)
- There have been ample warnings of the potential for catastrophic biological events in the nearly 15 years since the anthrax attacks of 2001, and several key events highlight U.S. shortfalls in this area. (rand.org)
- According to PCAST, the biological threats that were focused on in the past two decades only included 'known human and agricultural pathogens' such as anthrax, Ebola and smallpox. (wallstreetpit.com)
Joey Belladonna2
- Not to mention, on any given day of the cruise, Anthrax frontman Joey Belladonna could usually be found by the Sprinkles soft serve ice cream machine. (loudwire.com)
- Joey Belladonna 's signature voice enters, employing strong melodies as he truly feels freed up from the typically angsty Anthrax sound. (loudwire.com)
Disease16
- Actually anthrax is not a human disease. (medicinenet.com)
- Some 60,000 people in southern Europe died of anthrax in 1613 and the disease has been recognized in America since colonial days. (medicinenet.com)
- Anthrax, like tuberculosis, shows a new epidemic spread in industrialized countries, revealing some ambiguous aspects to the disease and providing new challenges to medicine. (who.int)
- What are the different types of anthrax disease? (nyc.gov)
- Meningeal or brain anthrax disease usually cannot be treated successfully. (nyc.gov)
- Although the risk of acquiring anthrax from drums imported from anthrax-endemic countries appears low, life-threatening or fatal disease is possible. (cdc.gov)
- In 2006, a case of travel-associated anthrax (the cutaneous form of the disease) was reported in a woman who traveled with a small group of tourists to Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa. (cdc.gov)
- Spreading the Disease is the second studio album by the American thrash metallic band Anthrax, launched on October 30, 1985 by Megaforce Records and Island Records. (youheardthatnew.com)
- Anthrax is a bacterial disease that most commonly affects animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and goats. (wa.gov)
- used a surrogate bacterial strain that is considered as a stand-in for anthrax in their research because it behaves in more or less similar fashion as the actual anthrax strain, except that it does not cause the disease. (medindia.net)
- Anthrax is an unstudied disease in arid habitats. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
- We do not know the prevalence of anthrax in the Namib desert and how wildlife populations are affected by the disease. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
- This first confirmed case of anthrax in the Namib Desert in wildlife demonstrates that the disease might by endemic in the desert and other arid environments. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened panels of anthrax experts to review and update guidelines for anthrax postexposure prophylaxis and treatment. (cdc.gov)
- Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores. (bvsalud.org)
- Anthrax essentially ceased to be regarded as a disease of major health or economic importance after the enormous successes of Max Sterne's veterina. (bvsalud.org)
Intestinal3
- Intestinal anthrax develops 2-5 days after ingestion. (medscape.com)
- Eating meat contaminated with anthrax causes an intestinal form. (medicinenet.com)
- Gastrointestinal anthrax causes severe inflammation of the intestinal tract and is usually fatal. (nyc.gov)
Ivins11
- By 2007, investigators conclusively determined that a single-spore batch of anthrax created and maintained by Ivins at his laboratory in Maryland was the parent material for the spores in the letters. (reuters.com)
- Dr. Ivins was alone in his lab for long stretches of time in the evenings and on the weekends leading up to the anthrax mailing events. (reuters.com)
- Scientists have conclusively proven that the anthrax in the letters was advanced bio-weapons technology to which Ivins had no access. (dissidentvoice.org)
- If Ivins had spent months growing anthrax in plates in trash bags or other odd places, then he would have tracked the spores to his car and home. (blogspot.com)
- No one would know if Ivins removed the anthrax from the plates and put empty plates back into the bags. (blogspot.com)
- Besides, Ivins was accustomed to handling plates with anthrax in them. (blogspot.com)
- The anthrax matter was again news last week when another US government scientist, Bruce E. Ivins, "committed suicide. (counterpunch.org)
- Blaming the anthrax letters on Ivins does not resolve the issue of why the Bush Regime lied to Brian Ross and used ABC to put the blame on Saddam Hussein in order to invade an innocent country. (counterpunch.org)
- The report adds fuel to the debate among experts, including many of Ivins' co-workers at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland, over whether Ivins could have made and mailed the anthrax-filled envelopes. (phys.org)
- The GAO didn't take a position whether Ivins, who worked at Fort Detrick in Frederick, Maryland, made and mailed the anthrax-filled envelopes. (phys.org)
- The genetic markers were the basis for investigators' conclusion that the parent material of the Ames strain of anthrax spores used in the attacks came from a flask labeled RMR-1029 that was created and solely maintained by Ivins. (phys.org)
Gastrointestinal anthrax8
- Unless antibiotic treatment is started shortly after symptoms begin, gastrointestinal anthrax is usually fatal. (nyc.gov)
- How common is gastrointestinal anthrax and how is it usually caused? (nyc.gov)
- In the United States, gastrointestinal anthrax is extremely rare. (nyc.gov)
- In 2009, a New Hampshire woman contracted gastrointestinal anthrax after attending a drumming event where she presumably had contact with an African drum that was made with a contaminated hide. (nyc.gov)
- Gastrointestinal anthrax cannot be spread from person to person. (nyc.gov)
- Eating meat from infected animals can result in ingestion (also called gastrointestinal) anthrax. (cdc.gov)
- Gastrointestinal anthrax usually results from eating infected meat. (kenyon.edu)
- In 2009, the New Hampshire Public Health Laboratory diagnosed a young woman with gastrointestinal anthrax, a very rare illness. (cdc.gov)
Humans and animals2
- Anthrax can cause severe illness in both humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
- But the analysis also shows that most of the anthrax lurking in the grasslands from northern Canada to Mexico differs by up to 106 mutations, showing it branched off from the Eurasian form long ago - roughly when humans and animals entered the Americas from Siberia then moved south as grasslands opened up in central Canada around 13,000 years ago. (newscientist.com)
Spores of anthrax1
- In 2001, just weeks after terrorists attacked the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., letters containing spores of anthrax destined for Florida, New York City, and Washington, D.C., infected 22 people, killing five. (cdc.gov)
Centers1
- Touching diseased animals or animal products affects the skin, and anthrax presents itself as boils or lesions with black centers. (giantmicrobes.com)
Deadly 20011
- On June 28th, the Los Angeles Times reported that Hatfill, "The former Army scientist who was the prime suspect in the deadly 2001 anthrax mailings agreed Friday to take $5.82 million from the government to settle his claim that the Justice Department and the FBI invaded his privacy and ruined his career. (counterpunch.org)
Caggiano2
- Donais has been touring with ANTHRAX since Rob Caggiano 's departure in January, and will continue to play with ANTHRAX for the foreseeable future. (blabbermouth.net)
- Pyro", uno show radiofonico norvegese, ha recentemente condotto una intervista al frontman dei Cradle Of Filth Dani "Filth" Davey , a Rob Caggiano (chitarrista Anthrax) e a Tom Cato Visnes (basso God Seed, Gorgoroth) a proposito della loro collaborazione per il progetto Temple Of The Black Moon . (metallus.it)
Featuring the band's1
- The first photo of the new ANTHRAX lineup - featuring the band's latest addition, guitarist Jon Donais ( SHADOWS FALL ) - can be seen below (photo by Stephanie Cabral ). (blabbermouth.net)
Contamination1
- ATSDR also assisted in the response to the anthrax contamination of postal facilities, government, and media offices. (cdc.gov)
Response to the anthrax1
- Although public health and criminal investigations have been conducted in concert in the past, the response to the anthrax attacks required close collabora- tion because of the immediate and ongoing threat to public safety. (cdc.gov)
Prophylaxis2
- Hupert N , Wattson D , Cuomo J , Hollingsworth E , Neukermans K , Xiong W . Predicting hospital surge after a large-scale anthrax attack: a model-based analysis of CDC's cities readiness initiative prophylaxis recommendations. (cdc.gov)
- This article updates antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis and antimicrobial and antitoxin treatment options and describes potentially beneficial critical care measures for persons with anthrax, including clinical procedures for infected nonpregnant adults. (cdc.gov)
Typically2
- Anthrax does not typically occur in New York City. (nyc.gov)
- Carnivores are typically less susceptible to anthrax than herbivores. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Meat5
- Megaforce quickly became a seminal heavy metal/thrash label after releasing the first two Metallica albums (1983's Kill 'Em All and 1984's Ride the Lightning ), and they also released classic albums by Mercyful Fate, Anthrax, Overkill, Testament, Vio-lence, and more, and they also branched out from metal and put out records by Bad Brains, Meat Puppets, and more. (brooklynvegan.com)
- The body wastes and carcasses of infected animals, or flies that eat infected carcasses, and contaminated hides and meat are all sources of anthrax. (nvic.org)
- Even eating rare meat from an infected animal is enough to cause anthrax. (kenyon.edu)
- Humans seldom get anthrax but when they do it is through handling infected animals or other materials containing anthrax spores, eating infected meat or breathing in spores. (wa.gov)
- For example, ingestion of contaminated water buffalo meat caused an outbreak of 24 cases, concurrently with 52 cases of cutaneous anthrax, in Thailand in 1982. (medscape.com)
Scientists4
- They included physicians, scientists, researchers, a disgruntled foreign scientist, a microbiologist who committed suicide after the attacks and a microbiology student with alleged ties to al Qaeda's anthrax program. (reuters.com)
- Scientists had thought that anthrax was one of them. (newscientist.com)
- The pathogen was not detected in any of the three cheetahs found in the Namib, but the scientists consider it very likely that anthrax was the direct cause of their death. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
- He's always had the option of coming clean, of complying with the resolution, of giving up all of his weapons of mass destruction, of making his scientists available without fear of retribution, turning over the anthrax, and the VX nerve agent, and the sarin, and of the other capabilities he has developed, and he has consistently refused. (typepad.com)
Https1
- www.thedailybeast.com, https://www.thedailybeast.com/far-right-stars-joe-oltmann-jovan-pulitzer-fantasize-theyve-been-attacked-with-anthrax. (snopes.com)
Lungs2
- In February 2006, a New York City resident was diagnosed with inhalation (lungs) anthrax. (nyc.gov)
- Inhaling anthrax spores affects the lungs, and it is very frequently fatal. (giantmicrobes.com)
Diseases2
- The few reported cases in which diseases such as anthrax were tested in the arid environments of Namibia are when livestock or people were directly affected", says Portas. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
- Medical providers are required to report 55 diseases to the state Health and Human Services Department, everything from the typical, such as a hepatitis strain, to the unusual, anthrax. (nhbr.com)
Pathogens1
- So the question for researchers is: Could these pathogens - like anthrax - ever be reactivated? (npr.org)
Ames2
- The Ames strain used in the anthrax attacks, for example, naturally occurs only in Texas, but differs from Eurasian anthrax by only about eight mutations, showing it is a recent immigrant. (newscientist.com)
- 2) the entire lineage of every flask of Ames anthrax DNA in the world is traced back to the cow or as closely as possible. (blogspot.com)
Contagious3
- Anthrax is not contagious, which means you can't catch it from another person like the cold or flu. (cdc.gov)
- Anthrax in humans is not generally regarded as contagious, although rare records of person-to-person transmission exist. (who.int)
- Because anthrax is non-contagious, can be deadly, and can form durable, long-lived spores, it has long been considered a prime candidate for weaponization. (giantmicrobes.com)
Postexposure1
- Cutaneous anthrax develops 2-5 days (range, 1-7 days) postexposure. (medscape.com)
Current anthrax1
- No doubt, it is unfair to compare the AIDS pandemic in South Africa with the current anthrax crisis in America. (fpif.org)
Commonly1
- Anthrax most commonly occurs in hoofed mammals and can also infect humans. (conservapedia.com)
Symptoms5
- Inhalation (lung) anthrax has initial symptoms that may resemble the common "flu,' including fever, muscle ache, mild cough and chest pain. (nyc.gov)
- I am concerned that I have or someone who I know has anthrax symptoms. (nyc.gov)
- Anyone with the symptoms of anthrax should contact their medical provider immediately. (nyc.gov)
- None of the animals that got the mixture developed any symptoms of anthrax, while rats that received the toxin alone fell critically ill in 90 minutes. (harvard.edu)
- They are also close to a feasible production plan for anthrax, a far more lethal weapon, which kills 90 percent of untreated victims if spread by inhalation and as many as 75 percent of those treated when the first symptoms become evident. (asyura2.com)
Mailer2
- After the events on 9/11, THE HOT ZONE: ANTHRAX follows the team of experts tracking down the killer and mailer of the anthrax letters. (abc.com)
- A top secret Canadian Security Intelligence Service report leaked on August 27, 2004 may provide the missing piece of evidence needed to identify the long elusive Anthrax Mailer of 2001. (scientiapress.com)
Case of anthrax1
- After notification of a suspected case of anthrax following the slaughtering of a sick cow in Banlu village, an area that has not had any anthrax cases for decades, we aimed to confirm the outbreak, determine the transmission mechanism and implement control measures. (who.int)