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AnthraxAnthrax VaccinesBacillus anthracisBioterrorismBacterial ToxinsAntigens, BacterialSkin Diseases, BacterialBiological WarfareSpores, BacterialReceptors, PeptideAntitoxinsInhalation ExposurePostal ServiceAntibodies, BacterialAntibiotic ProphylaxisDistrict of ColumbiaBiological Warfare Agents
Anthrax
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.
Anthrax Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent ANTHRAX.
Bacillus anthracis
A species of bacteria that causes ANTHRAX in humans and animals.
Bioterrorism
The use of biological agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of BACTERIA; VIRUSES; or other BIOLOGICAL TOXINS against people, ANIMALS; or PLANTS.
Bacterial Toxins
Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.
Antigens, Bacterial
Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.
Skin Diseases, Bacterial
Skin diseases caused by bacteria.
Biological Warfare
Warfare involving the use of living organisms or their products as disease etiologic agents against people, animals, or plants.
Spores, Bacterial
Heat and stain resistant, metabolically inactive bodies formed within the vegetative cells of bacteria of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.
Receptors, Peptide
Cell surface receptors that bind peptide messengers with high affinity and regulate intracellular signals which influence the behavior of cells.
Antitoxins
Antisera from immunized animals that is purified and used as a passive immunizing agent against specific BACTERIAL TOXINS.
Inhalation Exposure
The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.
Postal Service
The functions and activities carried out by the U.S. Postal Service, foreign postal services, and private postal services such as Federal Express.
Antibodies, Bacterial
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications.
District of Columbia
A federal area located between Maryland and Virginia on the Potomac river; it is coextensive with Washington, D.C., which is the capital of the United States.
Biological Warfare Agents
Living organisms or their toxic products that are used to cause disease or death of humans during WARFARE.

Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management--United States, 1998. (1/771)

From October 30 through December 23, 1998, CDC received reports of a series of bioterroristic threats of anthrax exposure. Letters alleged to contain anthrax were sent to health clinics on October 30, 1998, in Indiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee. During December 17-23 in California, a letter alleged to contain anthrax was sent to a private business, and three telephone threats of anthrax contamination of ventilation systems were made to private and public buildings. All threats were hoaxes and are under investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and local law enforcement officials. The public health implications of these threats were investigated to assist in developing national public health guidelines for responding to bioterrorism. This report summarizes the findings of these investigations and provides interim guidance for public health authorities on bioterrorism related to anthrax.  (+info)

A randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker specific for the Bacillus cereus group is diagnostic for Bacillus anthracis. (2/771)

Aiming to develop a DNA marker specific for Bacillus anthracis and able to discriminate this species from Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus mycoides, we applied the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting technique to a collection of 101 strains of the genus Bacillus, including 61 strains of the B. cereus group. An 838-bp RAPD marker (SG-850) specific for B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis, and B. mycoides was identified. This fragment included a putative (366-nucleotide) open reading frame highly homologous to the ypuA gene of Bacillus subtilis. The restriction analysis of the SG-850 fragment with AluI distinguished B. anthracis from the other species of the B. cereus group.  (+info)

The efforts of WHO and Pugwash to eliminate chemical and biological weapons--a memoir. (3/771)

The World Health Organization and the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (Nobel Peace Prize 1995) have been involved in questions concerning chemical and biological arms since the early 1950s. This memoir reviews a number of milestones in the efforts of these organizations to achieve the elimination of these weapons through international treaties effectively monitored and enforced for adherence to their provisions. It also highlights a number of outstanding personalities who were involved in the efforts to establish and implement the two major treaties now in effect, the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 and the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993.  (+info)

Genetic diversity in the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis. (4/771)

Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax. The anthrax toxin contains three components, including the protective antigen (PA), which binds to eucaryotic cell surface receptors and mediates the transport of toxins into the cell. In this study, the entire 2,294-nucleotide protective antigen gene (pag) was sequenced from 26 of the most diverse B. anthracis strains to identify potential variation in the toxin and to further our understanding of B. anthracis evolution. Five point mutations, three synonymous and two missense, were identified. These differences correspond to six different haploid types, which translate into three different amino acid sequences. The two amino acid changes were shown to be located in an area near a highly antigenic region critical to lethal factor binding. Nested primers were used to amplify and sequence this same region of pag from necropsy samples taken from victims of the 1979 Sverdlovsk incident. This investigation uncovered five different alleles among the strains present in the tissues, including two not seen in the 26-sample survey. One of these two alleles included a novel missense mutation, again located just adjacent to the highly antigenic region. Phylogenetic (cladistic) analysis of the pag corresponded with previous strain grouping based on chromosomal variation, suggesting that plasmid evolution in B. anthracis has occurred with little or no horizontal transfer between the different strains.  (+info)

Role of toxin functional domains in anthrax pathogenesis. (5/771)

We investigated the role of the functional domains of anthrax toxins during infection. Three proteins produced by Bacillus anthracis, the protective antigen (PA), the lethal factor (LF), and the edema factor (EF), combine in pairs to produce the lethal (PA+LF) and edema (PA+EF) toxins. A genetic strategy was developed to introduce by allelic exchange specific point mutations or in-frame deletions into B. anthracis toxin genes, thereby impairing either LF metalloprotease or EF adenylate cyclase activity or PA functional domains. In vivo effects of toxin mutations were analyzed in an experimental infection of mice. A tight correlation was observed between the properties of anthrax toxins delivered in vivo and their in vitro activities. The synergic effects of the lethal and edema toxins resulted purely from their enzymatic activities, suggesting that in vivo these toxins may act together. The PA-dependent antibody response to LF induced by immunization with live B. anthracis was used to follow the in vivo interaction of LF and PA. We found that the binding of LF to PA in vivo was necessary and sufficient for a strong antibody response against LF, whereas neither LF activity nor binding of lethal toxin complex to the cell surface was required. Mutant PA proteins were cleaved in mice sera. Thus, our data provide evidence that, during anthrax infection, PA may interact with LF before binding to the cell receptor. Immunoprotection studies indicated that the strain producing detoxified LF and EF, isogenic to the current live vaccine Sterne strain, is a safe candidate for use as a vaccine against anthrax.  (+info)

Surveillance for adverse events associated with anthrax vaccination--U.S. Department of Defense, 1998-2000. (6/771)

Concerns about the potential use of anthrax as a biologic weapon prompted the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) to announce on December 15, 1997, anthrax vaccination of all U.S. military personnel. This effort is coordinated by the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP). AVIP plans a phased vaccination process to achieve total force protection against anthrax by 2004. The current phase of implementation includes vaccination of all service members and mission-essential DoD civilian employees assigned or deployed to high-threat areas. On the basis of program monitoring, as of April 12, 2000, 425,976 service members had received 1,620,793 doses of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) (Bioport, Inc., Lansing, Michigan). Some service members have cited concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy in their decision to refuse vaccination, despite the possibility of administrative or disciplinary actions. To assess anthrax vaccination safety, DoD has conducted surveys of vaccinated personnel. This report describes three completed or ongoing surveys. The findings indicate that rates of local reactions were higher in women than men and that no patterns of unexpected local or systemic adverse events have been identified.  (+info)

Attenuated nontoxinogenic and nonencapsulated recombinant Bacillus anthracis spore vaccines protect against anthrax. (7/771)

Several highly attenuated spore-forming nontoxinogenic and nonencapsulated Bacillus anthracis vaccines differing in levels of expression of recombinant protective antigen (rPA) were constructed. Biochemical analyses (including electrospray mass spectroscopy and N terminus amino acid sequencing) as well as biological and immunological tests demonstrated that the rPA retains the characteristics of native PA. A single immunization of guinea pigs with 5 x 10(7) spores of one of these recombinant strains, MASC-10, expressing high levels of rPA (>/=100 microgram/ml) from a constitutive heterologous promoter induced high titers of neutralizing anti-PA antibodies. This immune response was long lasting (at least 12 months) and provided protection against a lethal challenge of virulent (Vollum) anthrax spores. The recombinant B. anthracis spore vaccine appears to be more efficacious than the vegetative cell vaccine. Furthermore, while results clearly suggest a direct correlation between the level of expression of PA and the potency of the vaccine, they also suggest that some B. anthracis spore-associated antigen(s) may contribute in a significant manner to protective immunity.  (+info)

Characterization of the operon encoding the alternative sigma(B) factor from Bacillus anthracis and its role in virulence. (8/771)

The operon encoding the general stress transcription factor sigma(B) and two proteins of its regulatory network, RsbV and RsbW, was cloned from the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis by PCR amplification of chromosomal DNA with degenerate primers, by inverse PCR, and by direct cloning. The gene cluster was very similar to the Bacillus subtilis sigB operon both in the primary sequences of the gene products and in the order of its three genes. However, the deduced products of sequences upstream and downstream from this operon showed no similarity to other proteins encoded by the B. subtilis sigB operon. Therefore, the B. anthracis sigB operon contains three genes rather than eight as in B. subtilis. The B. anthracis operon is preceded by a sigma(B)-like promoter sequence, the expression of which depends on an intact sigma(B) transcription factor in B. subtilis. It is followed by another open reading frame that is also preceded by a promoter sequence similarly dependent on B. subtilis sigma(B). We found that in B. anthracis, both these promoters were induced during the stationary phase and induction required an intact sigB gene. The sigB operon was induced by heat shock. Mutants from which sigB was deleted were constructed in a toxinogenic and a plasmidless strain. These mutants differed from the parental strains in terms of morphology. The toxinogenic sigB mutant strain was also less virulent than the parental strain in the mouse model. B. anthracis sigma(B) may therefore be a minor virulence factor.  (+info)

Diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax in resource-poor settings in West Arsi Province, Ethiopia.Diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax in resource-poor settings in West Arsi Province, Ethiopia.
Cutaneous anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which typically presents with ulcers after contact with animals or animal products, and is rarely seen in high-income countries but is common in those with low- and middle-incomes. Objective. The aim of this study is to show the main clinical characteristics of cutaneous anthrax in endemic areas.
http://pubtransformer.com/Pubmed?pmid=29284252
Neutron-based sterilization of anthrax contamination. - Semantic ScholarNeutron-based sterilization of anthrax contamination. - Semantic Scholar
With the anthrax threat becoming a reality, it is very important to have an effective way to sterilize areas contaminated by anthrax. Anthrax spores are the dormant form of the anthrax bacteria. They can germinate in tissues, producing new bacteria that release lethal toxins. Neutrons can be a powerful tool in our defense against anthrax contamination. Neutrons are elementary particles that have no charge, which allows them to be very penetrating, killing the anthrax spores on the surface and inside the containers. So neutrons have an advantage over other forms of radiation if deep penetration is required to kill biological organisms. A Cf neutron source allows for a low cost method of decontamination. It emits most neutrons in the 100 keV to 2 MeV energy regions, and a neutron in this energy region is 20 times more deadly than electrons or gamma rays in killing anthrax spores. If we just consider the first neutron collision with anthrax spores and that all the anthrax spores will not survive at the
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Neutron-based-sterilization-of-anthrax-contaminati-Liu-Wang/8676aa356a9543b42b51e3c32a9faa31550c8482
Table - First Case of Bioterrorism-Related Inhalational Anthrax, Florida, 2001: North Carolina Investigation - Volume 8, Number...Table - First Case of Bioterrorism-Related Inhalational Anthrax, Florida, 2001: North Carolina Investigation - Volume 8, Number...
The index case of inhalational anthrax in October 2001 was in a man who lived and worked in Florida. However, during the 3 days before illness onset, the patient had traveled through North Carolina, raising the possibility that exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores could have occurred there. The rapid response in North Carolina included surveillance among hospital intensive-care units, microbiology laboratories, medical examiners, and veterinarians, and site investigations at locations visited by the index patient to identify the naturally occurring or bioterrorism-related source of his exposure.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/10/02-0389-t1
FDA Approves Vaccine For Use After Known or Suspected Anthrax Exposure - MichBioFDA Approves Vaccine For Use After Known or Suspected Anthrax Exposure - MichBio
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved a new indication for BioThrax (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed) to prevent disease following suspected or confirmed exposure to Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax disease. The vaccines new use is approved for people 18 through 65 years of age in conjunction with recommended antibiotic treatment. BioThrax was initially approved by the FDA in 1970 for the prevention of anthrax disease in persons at high risk of exposure.. Anthrax disease, especially the inhalation form, is often fatal if not promptly treated. Anthrax is considered one of the more likely agents to be used in a biological attack, primarily because its spores are very stable and easy to disperse. Although it is rare, people may contract anthrax disease through natural exposures, such as contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products.. With todays approval of BioThrax, we now have a vaccine that can be used, together with antibiotic treatment, to ...
https://www.michbio.org/news/261841/FDA-Approves-Vaccine-For-Use-After-Known-or-Suspected-Anthrax-Exposure.htm
Welcome to CDC stacks | Inhalational Anthrax Outbreak among Postal Workers, Washington, D.C., 2001 - 14046 | Emerging...Welcome to CDC stacks | Inhalational Anthrax Outbreak among Postal Workers, Washington, D.C., 2001 - 14046 | Emerging...
In October 2001, four cases of inhalational anthrax occurred in workers in a Washington, D.C., mail facility that processed envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores. We reviewed the envelopes paths and obtained exposure histories and nasal swab cultures from postal workers. Environmental sampling was performed. A sample of employees was assessed for antibody concentrations to B. anthracis protective antigen. Case-patients worked on nonoverlapping shifts throughout the facility, suggesting multiple aerosolization events. Environmental sampling showed diffuse contamination of the facility. Potential workplace exposures were similar for the case-patients and the sample of workers. All nasal swab cultures and serum antibody tests were negative. Available tools could not identify subgroups of employees at higher risk for exposure or disease. Prophylaxis was necessary for all employees. To protect postal workers against bioterrorism, measures to reduce the risk of occupational exposure are ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14046
Anthrax bacteria, TEM - Stock Image C020/8537 - Science Photo LibraryAnthrax bacteria, TEM - Stock Image C020/8537 - Science Photo Library
Anthrax bacteria. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) bacteria (yellow) cultured from a blood sample. Seen here are endospores (pink ovals within bacterial cells) and free spores (pink ovals). The spores are reproductive cells that are able to survive dormant in unfavourable conditions for long periods of time. B. anthracis is the cause of anthrax. It can infect the skin (cutaneous anthrax), causing raised itchy lesions, the lungs (pulmonary anthrax), which is fatal unless treated quickly, and the digestive system (gastrointestinal anthrax), causing vomiting of blood and severe diarrhoea. All forms can be fatal if left untreated. Treatment is with antibiotics. Magnification: x9300, when printed 10 centimetres tall. - Stock Image C020/8537
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/592510/view
Anthrax Q & AAnthrax Q & A
TREATMENT - ANTHRAX from emedicine.com A number of possible therapeutic strategies have yet to be fully explored experimentally or submitted for approval to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The recommendations provided do not represent uses currently approved by the FDA but are a consensus based on best available information of recent studies. Given the fulminant course of inhalation anthrax, early antibiotic administration is essential to maximize patient survival. Given the difficulty in achieving timely microbiologic diagnosis of anthrax, all persons with fever or evidence of systemic disease in an area where anthrax cases are occurring should be treated empirically for anthrax until the disease is excluded. No clinical studies exist of the treatment of inhalation anthrax in humans. Most naturally occurring strains of anthrax are sensitive to penicillin, and penicillin historically has been the preferred therapy for the treatment of anthrax. Penicillin and doxycycline are FDA-approved ...
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/536661/posts?page=36
Anthrax bacteria, SEM - Stock Image C006/3118 - Science Photo LibraryAnthrax bacteria, SEM - Stock Image C006/3118 - Science Photo Library
Anthrax bacteria. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Bacillus anthracis bacteria, the cause of anthrax. These are rod-shaped, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria. The bacteria can infect the skin (cutaneous anthrax), causing raised itchy lesions, the lungs (pulmonary anthrax), which is fatal unless treated quickly, and the digestive system (gastrointestinal anthrax), causing vomiting of blood and severe diarrhoea. All forms can be fatal if left untreated. Treatment is with antibiotics. Magnification: x6550 when printed at 10 centimetres tall. - Stock Image C006/3118
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/126237/view
Russia, Iraq, and Other Potential Sources of Anthrax, Smallpox and Other Bioterrorist WeaponsRussia, Iraq, and Other Potential Sources of Anthrax, Smallpox and Other Bioterrorist Weapons
Inhalational anthrax is the most serious form of anthrax infection, seen in the cases in Florida and Washington DC. The disease begins when aerosolized anthrax spores are inhaled. Once in the lungs, immune systems cells called macrophages, whose normal function is to ingest, kill, and degrade invading pathogens and activate other immune system cells. However, instead of being killed, the spores reactivate and grow into live bacterial cells. The macrophages transport the bacteria to the lymph nodes, where they proliferate and spread, eventually breaking out of the lymph system into the bloodstream. During this period of lymphatic replication, the patient only displays non-specific symptoms much like the flu. Once in the bloodstream, the bacteria proliferate further and begin producing anthrax toxin. Eventually the bacteria spread through the entire circulatory system at high concentrations. Death from inhalational anthrax is associated with shock and multiple organ failure. When untreated, ...
http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa76481.000/hfa76481_0.htm
Thailand: Suspected anthrax linked to goat meat - Outbreak News TodayThailand: Suspected anthrax linked to goat meat - Outbreak News Today
It was reported that the people had anthrax-like small blisters or bumps on their hands and arms after eating the meat.. It was reported that 30 villagers had consumed the meat in question, but most of them had already taken medicine and they could not be successfully tested for anthrax. Instead, the hospital team collected samples from animal carcasses for lab tests with the results expected soon.. The country has been free of livestock anthrax since 2000 and the last anthrax outbreak in Thailand was 17 years ago.. According to the Merck Veterinary Manual, Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax is most common in wild and domestic animals but can also be seen in humans exposed to tissue from infected animals, contaminated animal products or directly to B anthracis spores under certain conditions.. LISTEN: Anthrax: An interview with Dr Buddy Faries. Depending on the route of infection, host factors, and potentially strain-specific ...
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/thailand-suspected-anthrax-linked-goat-meat-56474/amp/
Context of Mid-August-October 2001: Future Anthrax Attacks Suspect Ivins Works Extra Hours in Laboratory at Nights and on...Context of Mid-August-October 2001: Future Anthrax Attacks Suspect Ivins Works Extra Hours in Laboratory at Nights and on...
In February 2002, scientist Bruce Ivins submitted a sample of the anthrax he has been using to FBI investigators, but it was destroyed because it was not submitted according to strict protocols. As a result, he is asked to submit a second sample in April 2002, and does. Ivins works at USAMRIID, the US Armys top bioweapons laboratory, and is helping with the anthrax investigation even as the FBI has reason to believe the anthrax could have come from USAMRIID (see Mid-October 2001 and Winter 2001). Ivins is using a variety of the Ames anthrax strain known as RMR-1029. Around early 2004, scientists will discover some unique genetic markers to the anthrax used in the 2001 attacks and will start comparing that anthrax to other anthrax. No match will be found between Ivinss April 2002 sample and the anthrax used in the attacks. As a result of this discrepancy, the FBI will raid Ivinss lab in July 2004 and seize more samples of RMR-1029 (see July 16, 2004). Additionally, Paul Keim, a biologist at ...
http://historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=amid0801ivinssurge&printerfriendly=true
ISDH: Anthrax 2004ISDH: Anthrax 2004
Anthrax is a bacterial disease of man and animals caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax bacteria form spores, which are extremely stable in the environment. There are three clinical presentations of the disease: 1) Cutaneous infections, the mildest form, occur when bacterial spores become embedded in the skin. 2) The gastrointestinal form, which is extremely rare, occurs when animals ill with anthrax are consumed as food. 3) Inhalation anthrax occurs when the spores are inhaled. Both the inhalation and gastrointestinal forms have high mortality rates. The reservoir of the bacteria is soil, where the spores can remain viable for years. The spores can be found worldwide and are found naturally in some western states in the U.S. and Canada. Animals, including livestock, can acquire the bacteria from contaminated soil. However, there have been no reported cases of anthrax in Indiana livestock since before 1960.. Anthrax is a disease of interest because of its high mortality rate, severe ...
http://in.gov/isdh/21977.htm
Rapid Test-TruStrip RDT Anthrax Protective antigen 83 (PA83) Rapid Test cards, 25/pk-Alpha Diagnostic International Inc.Rapid Test-TruStrip RDT Anthrax Protective antigen 83 (PA83) Rapid Test cards, 25/pk-Alpha Diagnostic International Inc.
TruStrip RDT Anthrax Protective antigen 83 (PA83) Rapid Test cards, 25/pk Rapid Test 800-100-RDT-25 TruStrip RDT Anthrax Protective antigen 83 (PA83) Rapid Test cards, 25/pk Rapid Test 800-100-RDT-25
http://4adi.com/ccpc2798-31247-trustrip-rdt-anthrax-protective-antigen-83-28pa8329-rapid-test-800-100-rdt-25.htm
Anthrax bacillus - definition of anthrax bacillus by The Free DictionaryAnthrax bacillus - definition of anthrax bacillus by The Free Dictionary
Define anthrax bacillus. anthrax bacillus synonyms, anthrax bacillus pronunciation, anthrax bacillus translation, English dictionary definition of anthrax bacillus. Noun 1. anthrax bacillus - a species of bacillus that causes anthrax in humans and in animals ; can be used a bioweapon Bacillus anthracis B, bacillus -...
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/anthrax+bacillus
NIH Scientists Describe How Anthrax Toxins Cause Illness, Death - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comNIH Scientists Describe How Anthrax Toxins Cause Illness, Death - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Their findings, which appeared online today in Nature, are based on testing in mice. However, the results may contribute to the development of anthrax treatments for humans, the researchers say.. Anthrax disease is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, which produces two deadly toxins: lethal toxin and edema toxin. When B. anthracis infects a human or animal, both toxins seek out and bind to receptors on the surfaces of human and animal cells. Using two types of laboratory mice-those missing the anthrax toxin receptor on a single type of cell or those having the receptor present on a single type of cell-the scientists compared disease progression among the rodents. They concluded that anthrax-induced death is caused primarily by lethal toxin targeting heart cells and muscle cells surrounding blood vessels, and edema toxin targeting liver cells.. These results may help scientists studying anthrax disease in humans. For example, the study authors suggest, knowing the types of cells that ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/medical-breakthroughs/42329-nih-scientists-describe-how-anthrax-toxins-cause-illness-death.html
Basic research producing new anthrax therapiesBasic research producing new anthrax therapies
Until 2001, Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax, was an obscure agricultural pathogen, but that fall someone sent letters stuffed with anthrax spores to several politicians and journalists. Nearly half (5/11) of those infected by breathing in the spores died from the disease. The anthrax mailings triggered a run on antibiotics, but these drugs only work in the early stages of anthrax infection, before the bacteria have had time to spread and secrete toxins. These attacks called attention to the need for better therapies for anthrax infection, said Tang ...
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/report-32648.html
Update: Investigation of Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax and Interim Guidelines for Clinical Evaluation of Persons with Possible...Update: Investigation of Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax and Interim Guidelines for Clinical Evaluation of Persons with Possible...
Since the last report (1), six new anthrax cases have been reported. Three of these cases have occupational exposures similar to previously reported cases (1). A fourth case occurred in a mail handler at a facility not previously linked to cases but that receives mail from a facility at which cases have occurred previously. Two new cases have no discernable epidemiologic link with anthrax cases previously reported or sites that are associated with known cases. These new cases suggest that anthrax exposure has occurred or is continuing to occur through means that cannot be ascribed to known contaminated letters or the paths these letters took through the mail service. The public health response to these new anthrax cases will evolve based on ongoing epidemiologic and criminal investigations. Because exposures are being intentionally perpetrated, public health authorities must be vigilant for the appearance of new cases in previously unaffected populations. Prompt data sharing between law ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5043a1.htm
Molecular determinants for a cardiovascular collapse in anthrax<...Molecular determinants for a cardiovascular collapse in anthrax<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular determinants for a cardiovascular collapse in anthrax. AU - Brojatsch, Jurgen. AU - Casadevall, Arturo. AU - Goldman, David L.. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - Bacillus anthracis releases two bipartite proteins, lethal toxin and edema factor, that contribute significantly to the progression of anthrax-associated shock. As blocking the anthrax toxins prevents disease, the toxins are considered the main virulence factors of the bacterium. The anthrax bacterium and the anthrax toxins trigger multiorgan failure associated with enhanced vascular permeability, hemorrhage and cardiac dysfunction in animal challenge models. A recent study using mice that either lacked the anthrax toxin receptor in specific cells and corresponding mice expressing the receptor in specific cell types demonstrated that cardiovascular cells are critical for disease mediated by anthrax lethal toxin. These studies are consistent with involvement of the cardiovascular system, and with an increase of ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/molecular-determinants-for-a-cardiovascular-collapse-in-anthrax-2
New antibody shows promise as cure for anthrax | EurekAlert! Science NewsNew antibody shows promise as cure for anthrax | EurekAlert! Science News
A new anthrax antibody engineered by scientists at The University of Texas at Austin protects and defends against inhalation anthrax without the use of antibiotics and other more expensive antibodies. The high-affinity antibody, an anthrax antitoxin, successfully eliminated both anthrax bacteria and its deadly toxins in animal tests. If future tests concur, this could be the first successful treatment for late-stage anthrax infection, even for an anthrax strain that has been designed to resist antibiotics.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-11/uota-nas112905.php
CDC - Anthrax: Past Responses and Investigations - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health TopicCDC - Anthrax: Past Responses and Investigations - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
Anthrax is an acute infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis). B. anthracis spores are highly infective and can cause inhalation, cutaneous, or gastrointestinal anthrax. Inhalation anthrax results from breathing in spores and is of great concern due to its high fatality rate.
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/anthrax/past.html
PLOS ONE: A FRET-Based High Throughput Screening Assay to Identify Inhibitors of Anthrax Protective Antigen Binding to...PLOS ONE: A FRET-Based High Throughput Screening Assay to Identify Inhibitors of Anthrax Protective Antigen Binding to...
Anti-angiogenic therapies are effective for the treatment of cancer, a variety of ocular diseases, and have potential benefits in cardiovascular disease, arthritis, and psoriasis. We have previously shown that anthrax protective antigen (PA), a non-pathogenic component of anthrax toxin, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis, apparently as a result of interaction with the cell surface receptors capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (CMG2) protein and tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8). Hence, molecules that bind the anthrax toxin receptors may be effective to slow or halt pathological vascular growth. Here we describe development and testing of an effective homogeneous steady-state fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) high throughput screening assay designed to identify molecules that inhibit binding of PA to CMG2. Molecules identified in the screen can serve as potential lead compounds for the development of anti-angiogenic and anti-anthrax therapies. The assay to screen for inhibitors of this protein
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0039911
Anthrax | Cape May County, NJ - Official WebsiteAnthrax | Cape May County, NJ - Official Website
In the United States, incidence of naturally-acquired anthrax is extremely rare (about 1-2 cases of cutaneous disease per year). Gastrointestinal anthrax is rare, but may occur as explosive outbreaks associated with ingestion of infected animals. Worldwide, the incidence is unknown, though B. anthracis is present in most of the world. Unreliable reporting makes it difficult to estimate the true incidence of human anthrax worldwide. However, in fall 2001, 22 cases of anthrax (11 inhalation, 11 cutaneous) were identified in the United States following intentional contamination of the mail. In the United States, the annual occurrences of naturally-occurring human anthrax declined from estimated 130 cases annually in the early 1900s to 2 cases each in 2000, 2001, and 2002 ...
https://www.capemaycountynj.gov/874/Anthrax
In situgastrointestinal protection against anthrax edema toxin by single-chain antibody fragment producing lactobacilli | BMC...In situgastrointestinal protection against anthrax edema toxin by single-chain antibody fragment producing lactobacilli | BMC...
Spores of Bacillus anthracis have for long been regarded as one of the most powerful bioterrorism threats due to their stability and high lethality [1]. The spores can be easily produced and stockpiled in large quantities, using simple microbial techniques by people having access to a virulent strain and incentive to be exposed to the risk connected with its propagation and handling. Previous deliberate spread of anthrax spores as agent of biowarfare has been as aerosol. However, they could also be disseminated through the food or water supply for targeting of the gastrointestinal tract.. Anthrax infections fall into three different categories, reflecting the route of entry; inhalational, gastrointestinal or cutaneous in order of severity of the infection. With regard to bioterrorism, the most realistic mode of mass exposure includes inhalational or gastrointestinal infections. Conceptually, the idea of targeting the food supply is not new [2] and a few records of planned use of anthrax spores ...
https://bmcbiotechnol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6750-11-126
Anthrax toxin - WikipediaAnthrax toxin - Wikipedia
Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis-the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart their physiological effects. Assembled complexes containing the toxin components are endocytosed. In the endosome, the enzymatic components of the toxin translocate into the cytoplasm of a target cell. Once in the cytosol, the enzymatic components of the toxin disrupts various immune cell functions, namely cellular signaling and cell migration. The toxin may even induce cell lysis, as is observed for macrophage cells. Anthrax toxin allows the bacteria to evade the immune system, proliferate, and ultimately kill the host animal. Research on anthrax toxin also provides insight into the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_toxin
Screening for Inhalational Anthrax Due to Bioterrorism: Evaluating Proposed Screening Protocols : Clinical Infectious Diseases ...Screening for Inhalational Anthrax Due to Bioterrorism: Evaluating Proposed Screening Protocols : Clinical Infectious Diseases ...
Eleven known cases of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax (IA) were treated in the United States during 2001. We retrospectively compared 2 methods that have been proposed to screen for IA [1, 2]. The 2 screening protocols for IA were applied to the emergency department charts of patients who presented with possible signs or symptoms of IA at Inova Fairfax Hospital (Falls Church, Virginia) from 20 October 2001 through 3 November 2001. The Mayer criteria [1] would have screened 4 patients (0.4%; 95% CI, 0.1%-0.9%) and generated charges of $1900. If 29 patients (2.6%; 95% CI, 1.7%-3.7%) with ⩾5 symptoms (but without fever and tachycardia) were screened, charges were $13,325. The Hupert criteria [2] would have screened 273 patients (24%; 95% CI, 22%-27%) and generated charges of $126,025. In this outbreak of bioterrorism-related IA, applying the Mayer criteria would have identified both patients with IA and would have generated fewer charges than applying the Hupert criteria.. ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1086/426080
MIT Chemists Use Modified Anthrax Toxin to Deliver Cancer DrugsMIT Chemists Use Modified Anthrax Toxin to Deliver Cancer Drugs
In a newly published study, researchers from MIT show that a modified version of the anthrax toxin can be used to deliver antibody drugs to kill cancer cells.. Bacillus anthracis bacteria have very efficient machinery for injecting toxic proteins into cells, leading to the potentially deadly infection known as anthrax. A team of MIT researchers has now hijacked that delivery system for a different purpose: administering cancer drugs.. Anthrax toxin is a professional at delivering large enzymes into cells, says Bradley Pentelute, the Pfizer-Laubauch Career Development Assistant Professor of Chemistry at MIT. We wondered if we could render anthrax toxin nontoxic, and use it as a platform to deliver antibody drugs into cells.. In a paper appearing in the journal ChemBioChem, Pentelute and colleagues showed that they could use this disarmed version of the anthrax toxin to deliver two proteins known as antibody mimics, which can kill cancer cells by disrupting specific proteins inside the cells. ...
https://scitechdaily.com/mit-chemists-use-modified-anthrax-toxin-deliver-cancer-drugs/
Anthrax | CTDAnthrax | CTD
An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics ...
http://ctdbase.org/detail.go?type=disease&acc=MESH%3AD000881
Second D.C. postal worker has inhalation anthrax / LJWorld.comSecond D.C. postal worker has inhalation anthrax / LJWorld.com
Washington Two Washington-area postal workers have been diagnosed with inhalation anthrax and two more employees at the same facility have died of symptoms consistent with the disease, officials said Monday as the nation grappled with an unprecedented bioterrorism threat.. Dr. Ivan Walks, the citys chief health official, also said authorities are investigating as many as nine more cases that have aroused concern. He said he did not know how many of the nine were postal workers or how many were hospitalized.. The disclosures came as postal workers by the dozens lined up for testing, and city authorities urged anyone connected with the affected Brentwood central mail facility to come forward immediately for screening.. This is a different day, the city health official said at a news conference.. He said the unidentified man diagnosed with the disease was hospitalized in suburban Virginia, at the same facility where another postal worker was diagnosed over the weekend.. He said authorities were ...
http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2001/oct/22/second_dc_postal/
WHO Recommended Surveillance Standards (WHO - OMS, 1999, 157 p.): Diseases: A22 AnthraxWHO Recommended Surveillance Standards (WHO - OMS, 1999, 157 p.): Diseases: A22 Anthrax
human) RATIONALE FOR SURVEILLANCE Anthrax is a widespread zoonosis transmitted from domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goats, buffaloes, pigs and other) to humans by direct contact or through animal products. Human anthrax is a serious problem in several countries and has potential for explosive outbreaks (especially the gastrointestinal form); while pulmonary (inhalation) anthrax is mainly occupational, the threat of biological warfare attacks should not be forgotten. Anthrax has a serious impact on the trade of animal products. The control of anthrax is based on its prevention in livestock: programmes based only on prevention in humans are costly and likely to be ineffective except for those industrially exposed. There is an effective vaccine for those occupationally exposed, and successful vaccines for livestock, particularly for herds with ongoing exposure to contaminated soil. In most countries anthrax is a notifiable disease. Surveillance is important to monitor the control programmes and to ...
http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00---off-0who--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-preferences---00-0-1-00-0--4----0-0-11-10-0utfZz-8-00&cl=CL4.15&d=HASH01557374a800bcde34f55b43.9.2&x=1
Inhalation Anthrax Treatment Approved | Doctors LoungeInhalation Anthrax Treatment Approved | Doctors Lounge
MONDAY, March 21, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Anthim (obiltoxaximab) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat inhalational anthrax, a rare disease stemming from infected animal products. Bacillus anthracis spores also pose a deadly bioterrorism threat if released intentionally.. Anthrax toxins can cause severe tissue damage and death, the FDA said Monday in a news release. Anthim, combined with certain antibacterial drugs, is designed to neutralize the toxins. The medications effectiveness was evaluated in studies conducted on animals, since it wasnt ethical or feasible to conduct such trials with human volunteers, the agency said.. The drugs safety was evaluated in 320 healthy human volunteers. The most common side effects included headache, itching, upper respiratory tract infection, cough, nasal congestion, hives and injection-site reactions including swelling, bruising and pain.. Anthims label includes a boxed warning of a potential severe and possibly fatal ...
https://www.doctorslounge.com/index.php/news/hd/62347
Anthrax Hides Along Cattle Trails of the Old WestAnthrax Hides Along Cattle Trails of the Old West
Weve had anthrax down here for over a hundred years, and Ive been around it all my life, said Randy Hicks, a salesman at the Uvalde Farm and Ranch Supply Company. I can tell you this much, Im sure not scared of it.. State officials said more than 1,600 animals died of anthrax in Texas this summer, the most severe outbreak of the disease since 1987. But no people have died. One man in Del Rio contracted cutaneous anthrax while skinning a buffalo in June, the first confirmed case among humans here since 1988. Another Del Rio man is believed to have contracted the disease but recovered before he could be tested, said Dr. Terry Conger, the states epidemiologist at the Texas Animal Health Commission.. Among Texas ranchers, anthrax is just another occupational hazard among many, like drought, low beef prices or coyotes, that can be managed through care and caution.. There has been anthrax around for as long as there have been people and animals, all the way back to the Bible, Mr. Conger said. ...
http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/bioter/anthraxhidescattletrail.html
PLOS ONE: Anthrax Toxin Receptor Drives Protective Antigen Oligomerization and Stabilizes the Heptameric and Octameric Oligomer...PLOS ONE: Anthrax Toxin Receptor Drives Protective Antigen Oligomerization and Stabilizes the Heptameric and Octameric Oligomer...
Background Anthrax toxin is comprised of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). These proteins are individually nontoxic; however, when PA assembles with LF and EF, it produces lethal toxin and edema toxin, respectively. Assembly occurs either on cell surfaces or in plasma. In each milieu, PA assembles into a mixture of heptameric and octameric complexes that bind LF and EF. While octameric PA is the predominant form identified in plasma under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37°C), heptameric PA is more prevalent on cell surfaces. The difference between these two environments is that the anthrax toxin receptor (ANTXR) binds to PA on cell surfaces. It is known that the extracellular ANTXR domain serves to stabilize toxin complexes containing the PA heptamer by preventing premature PA channel formation-a process that inactivates the toxin. The role of ANTXR in PA oligomerization and in the stabilization of toxin complexes containing octameric PA are not understood.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0013888
Anthrax infection - Vitamin LifeAnthrax infection - Vitamin Life
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends 60 days of oral antibiotics along with a three-dose regimen of BioThraxT anthrax vaccine (zero, two weeks, four weeks) as an emergency public health intervention for people exposed to anthrax. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro ) and doxycycline are approved in adults and children for post exposure prophylaxis (preventing infection in people exposed to anthrax). Levofloxacin (Levaquin ) is approved for post exposure prophylaxis in adults 18 and older. Common side effects of Cipro include upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, dizziness, or headache. Patients taking doxycycline should be aware of the following side effects: upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Additionally, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin should not be taken with antacids, calcium supplements, and dairy products. These may bind with the medications, decreasing their effectiveness. Common side effects of Levaquin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, headache, ...
http://www.livingnaturally.com/ns/DisplayMonograph.asp?StoreID=15F522D98A3A417FBE8D6702F135785A&DocID=condition-anthraxinfection
Context of August 2006: FBI Scientist Claims Anthrax Used in 2001 Attacks Was Not WeaponizedContext of August 2006: FBI Scientist Claims Anthrax Used in 2001 Attacks Was Not Weaponized
Maj. Gen. John Parker. [Source: Public domain]On October 25, 2001, Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge tells reporters that the anthrax used in a letter sent to Sen. Tom Daschle (D-SD) was highly concentrated and pure and that a binding material was used, resulting in small spore clusters that are more easily spread. In contrast, the anthrax in a letter sent to the New York Post was coarser and less concentrated. Both letters used the same Ames strain of anthrax bacterium. (The Post letter was part of a less sophisticated first wave of letters (see September 17-18, 2001) and the Daschle letter was from the second wave (see October 6-9, 2001).) On October 29, Major General John Parker, commanding general of USAMRIID, the US Armys top bioweapons laboratory, makes similar comments at a White House briefing. He says silica was found in the Daschle letter anthrax and the anthrax spore concentration in the Daschle letter was ten times that of the New York Post letter. The presence of a binding ...
http://www.historycommons.org/context.jsp?item=a0806beecherarticle
Protective antigen antibody augments hemodynamic support in anthrax lethal toxin shock in canines<...Protective antigen antibody augments hemodynamic support in anthrax lethal toxin shock in canines<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Protective antigen antibody augments hemodynamic support in anthrax lethal toxin shock in canines. AU - Barochia, Amisha V.. AU - Cui, Xizhong. AU - Sun, Junfeng. AU - Li, Yan. AU - Solomon, Steven B.. AU - Migone, Thi Sau. AU - Subramanian, G. Mani. AU - Bolmer, Sally D.. AU - Eichacker, Peter Q.. PY - 2012/3/1. Y1 - 2012/3/1. N2 - Background. Anthrax-associated shock is closely linked to lethal toxin (LT) release and is highly lethal despite conventional hemodynamic support. We investigated whether protective antigen-directed monoclonal antibody (PA-mAb) treatment further augments titrated hemodynamic support.Methods and Results.Forty sedated, mechanically ventilated, instrumented canines challenged with anthrax LT were assigned to no treatment (controls), hemodynamic support alone (protocol-titrated fluids and norepinephrine), PA-mAb alone (administered at start of LT infusion [0 hours] or 9 or 12 hours later), or both, and observed for 96 hours. Although all 8 controls died, ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/protective-antigen-antibody-augments-hemodynamic-support-in-anthr-5
Best Anthrax Disease Treatment in Mettupalayam, Chennai, Top 10 Anthrax Disease Treatment Doctors in Mettupalayam, Chennai...Best Anthrax Disease Treatment in Mettupalayam, Chennai, Top 10 Anthrax Disease Treatment Doctors in Mettupalayam, Chennai...
Find Best Anthrax Disease Treatment in Mettupalayam, Chennai. 365Doctor.in are providing Top 10 Anthrax Disease Treatment in Mettupalayam, Chennai. Doctor reviews its helpful for you.
http://www.365doctor.in/chennai/anthrax-disease-treatment-in-mettupalayam
anthraxanthrax
Imagine researchers in hazmat suits moving slowly and deliberately through a lab. One of them holds up a beaker. Its glowing.. This light - or the absence of it - could save millions of dollars for governments and save the lives of anthrax victims.. Scientists at the University of Missouri Laboratory of Infectious Disease Research proved a new method for anthrax detection can identify anthrax quicker than any existing approach.. When the bioluminescent reporter phage - an engineered virus - infects anthrax bacteria, it takes on a sci-fi-movie-type glow.. George Stewart, a medical bacteriologist at MUs Bond Life Sciences Center, and graduate student Krista Spreng, observed the virus against a variety of virulent strains of bacillus anthracis, the bacteria causing anthrax disease.. For this technique, within a few hours, youll have a yes or no answer, Stewart said.. The research, funded by the USDA, was published in the Journal of Microbiological Methods in Aug. 2013. David Schofield at ...
https://decodingscience.missouri.edu/tag/anthrax/
STERIPLEX Ultra Kills Anthrax Spores | MedgadgetSTERIPLEX Ultra Kills Anthrax Spores | Medgadget
It has been a while since the 2001 anthrax attacks but anthrax remains a potent bio-weapon that is notoriously hard to clean up. Anthrax spores can survive
https://www.medgadget.com/2010/04/steriplex_ultra_kills_anthrax_spores_1.html
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: Tower of Babel as Reporters Try to Decipher Bioethics Commission ReportAnthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: Tower of Babel as Reporters Try to Decipher Bioethics Commission Report
As Vera and I pointed out to the Commission, and confirmed by CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, after the anthrax letters between 10 and 30 thousand people potentially exposed to anthrax spores took antibiotics. Not a single one developed anthrax. One hundred ninety-eight also took vaccine. They failed to get anthrax. Does vaccine improve the effect of antibiotics? It is impossible to improve on 100% protection, though the Commission would like us to forget this human efficacy experiment. If you give the vaccine with something that is highly (100%) protective, the vaccine will naturally appear to be most effective under those circumstances. ...
http://anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com/2013/03/tower-of-babel-as-reporters-try-to.html
Unready for AnthraxUnready for Anthrax
Source: Washington Post, July 28, 2003. OPINION. Unready for Anthrax By Lawrence M. Wein and Edward H. Kaplan. In any attempted terrorist attack against this country, smallpox and anthrax would be the only two biological agents capable of causing mass casualties. And while the government has invested considerable effort in planning for a potential smallpox attack, no equivalent plan exists for anthrax.. In a recently completed study, we looked into various emergency responses to an airborne anthrax attack and concluded that the United States is woefully unprepared. Two pounds of weapons-grade anthrax dropped on a large American city could result in more than 100,000 deaths, even if early cases were successfully diagnosed, antibiotics were distributed broadly and drug adherence was high. The reason for the catastrophic death toll: Not enough people would receive antibiotics quickly enough to prevent symptoms from developing, and those who developed symptoms would overwhelm the medical ...
http://www.ph.ucla.edu/EPI/bioter/unreadyanthrax.html
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: CDC scientists lack of understanding of anthrax is shocking and terrifyingAnthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: CDC scientists lack of understanding of anthrax is shocking and terrifying
The litany of mistakes that were made, detailed in the reports Findings, is breathtaking. Lack of understanding of anthrax. Lack of SOPs. Lack of appropriate experimental design. Failure to follow CDCs own protocols, where they existed. Lack of supervision. Lack of timely communication when the incident was discovered, including identifying employees who may have been exposed so they could receive prophylaxis. (See page 16 of the Report.) However, I disagree that it was highly unlikely that staff were exposed to anthrax: they were, more likely, simply not exposed to enough anthrax spores, along with receiving prophylactic antibiotics, to induce disease. ...
http://anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com/2014/07/cdc-scientists-lack-of-understanding-of_14.html
Anthrax kills goat in South Texas - San Antonio Express-NewsAnthrax kills goat in South Texas - San Antonio Express-News
This undated file electronmicrograph from the official U.S. Department of Defense anthrax information Web Site shows Bacillus anthracis vegetative cells in a monkey spleen. Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus anthracis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Thursday, June 19, 2014, that some of its staff in Atlanta may have been accidentally exposed to dangerous anthrax bacteria because of a safety problem at some of its labs. less ...
https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/First-case-of-Anthrax-in-years-kills-goat-in-5609146.php
Estimation of Time Period for Effective Human Inhalational Anthrax Treatment Including Antitoxin Therapy - PLOS Currents...Estimation of Time Period for Effective Human Inhalational Anthrax Treatment Including Antitoxin Therapy - PLOS Currents...
B. anthracis remains a bioterrorism threat, with the potential for thousands or tens of thousands to be exposed after spore release in a densely populated setting5,6,30,31. Such numbers of casualties would likely strain and possibly overwhelm the public health and medical care system and it is highly plausible that some patients may not receive immediate prophylaxis or treatment when symptoms are just beginning to manifest. With large numbers of patients presenting to emergency departments seeking care, it is crucial that emergency physicians, intensivists and other clinicians understand the importance of therapeutic options and timing available to them. For patients with inhalational anthrax who progress to severe disease, morbidity and mortality are largely due to the detrimental effects of toxemia, so the timing for effective treatment of toxin-mediated disease must be understood in order to effectively plan for and respond to such a public health emergency. The United States Strategic ...
http://currents.plos.org/outbreaks/article/obk-17-0003-estimation-of-time-period-for-effective-human-inhalational-anthrax-treatment-including-antitoxin-therapy/
Genetic make-up determines whether we die from anthrax exposure | Daily Mail OnlineGenetic make-up determines whether we die from anthrax exposure | Daily Mail Online
The findings came after Stanford University research into anthrax found susceptibility to the acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis varied from person to person.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-2097313/Genetic-make-determines-die-anthrax-exposure.html
Harpocrates Speaks: Anthrax - Not Just a Thrash Metal BandHarpocrates Speaks: Anthrax - Not Just a Thrash Metal Band
With my admittedly limited resources (time/access to journals), I tried to do as extensive a search on safety studies of the anthrax vaccine as possible. Report after report stated that the most common reactions to the vaccine tended to be local and of mild to moderate severity, being limited mainly to erythema, edema and pruritis. Severe reactions of these types were rare, and none of the studies found any connection between the vaccine and long-term health issues, like autoimmune disorders or chronic fatigue. My best guess is that chronic issues are most likely unrelated to the vaccine and may be due to other factors (e.g., other environmental causes, stress and/or psychogenic illness, etc.). If they are connected to the vaccine, they seem to be so exceedingly rare that, for individuals at risk of anthrax exposure, the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the remote risks of a serious AE. Of course, research on the anthrax vaccine should continue. For one thing, we should have more than one ...
http://www.harpocratesspeaks.com/2012/07/anthrax-not-just-thrash-metal-band.html?showComment=1344056170265
Anthrax - Not Just a Thrash Metal BandAnthrax - Not Just a Thrash Metal Band
With my admittedly limited resources (time/access to journals), I tried to do as extensive a search on safety studies of the anthrax vaccine as possible. Report after report stated that the most common reactions to the vaccine tended to be local and of mild to moderate severity, being limited mainly to erythema, edema and pruritis. Severe reactions of these types were rare, and none of the studies found any connection between the vaccine and long-term health issues, like autoimmune disorders or chronic fatigue. My best guess is that chronic issues are most likely unrelated to the vaccine and may be due to other factors (e.g., other environmental causes, stress and/or psychogenic illness, etc.). If they are connected to the vaccine, they seem to be so exceedingly rare that, for individuals at risk of anthrax exposure, the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the remote risks of a serious AE. Of course, research on the anthrax vaccine should continue. For one thing, we should have more than one ...
http://www.harpocratesspeaks.com/2012/07/anthrax-not-just-thrash-metal-band.html
ATR/TEM8 is highly expressed in epithelial cells lining Bacillus anthracis three sites of entry: Implications for the...ATR/TEM8 is highly expressed in epithelial cells lining Bacillus anthracis three sites of entry: Implications for the...
TY - JOUR. T1 - ATR/TEM8 is highly expressed in epithelial cells lining Bacillus anthracis three sites of entry. T2 - Implications for the pathogenesis of anthrax infection. AU - Bonuccelli, Gloria. AU - Sotgia, Federica. AU - Frank, Philippe G.. AU - Williams, Terence M.. AU - De Almeida, Cecilia J.. AU - Tanowitz, Herbert B.. AU - Scherer, Philipp E.. AU - Hotchkiss, Kylie A.. AU - Terman, Bruce I.. AU - Rollman, Brent. AU - Alileche, Abdelkrim. AU - Brojatsch, Jürgen. AU - Lisanti, Michael P.. PY - 2005/6/1. Y1 - 2005/6/1. N2 - Anthrax is a disease caused by infection with spores from the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. These spores enter the body, where they germinate into bacteria and secrete a tripartite toxin that causes local edema and, in systemic infections, death. Recent studies identified the cellular receptor for anthrax toxin (ATR), a type I membrane protein. ATR is one of the splice variants of the tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) gene. ATR and TEM8 are identical throughout their ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/atrtem8-is-highly-expressed-in-epithelial-cells-lining-bacillus-a
2001.10.10:Q&As About Anthrax Prevention and Treatment2001.10.10:Q&As About Anthrax Prevention and Treatment
Q: Is there an approved treatment for anthrax? A: Yes. Three types of antiobiotics are approved for anthrax: ciprofloxacin, tetracyclines (including doxycycline), and penicillins. For people who have been exposed to anthrax but do not have symptoms, 60 days of one of these antibiotics is given to reduce the risk or progression of disease due to inhaled anthrax. Q: Does the government have a plan in place to make Cipro available if there were mass exposure to anthrax? A: Yes. Under emergency plans, the Federal government would ship appropriate antibiotics from its stockpile to wherever they are needed. Q: Should individual consumers ask their physicians to write a prescription for Cipro, so they have it on hand in case its needed? A: No. Any needed antibiotics from the current stockpile will be made available if they are needed. In the meantime, Cipro should not be prescribed unless there is a clearly indicated need, so that the drug will be available as the need arises for the standard ...
http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/dhhs/20011010a.htm
Gastrointestinal anthrax | definition of gastrointestinal anthrax by Medical dictionaryGastrointestinal anthrax | definition of gastrointestinal anthrax by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of gastrointestinal anthrax in the Medical Dictionary? gastrointestinal anthrax explanation free. What is gastrointestinal anthrax? Meaning of gastrointestinal anthrax medical term. What does gastrointestinal anthrax mean?
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gastrointestinal+anthrax
Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Anthrax Vaccine Compared With Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed - Full Text View ...Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Anthrax Vaccine Compared With Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed - Full Text View ...
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease, occurring in wild and domestic mammals, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis). Anthrax occurs in humans when they are exposed to infected animals, tissue from infected animals or when they are directly exposed to B. anthracis or its spores. Depending on the route of infection, anthrax disease can occur in three forms: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation. In the United States of America (USA), the annual incidence of human anthrax has declined from approximately 130 cases annually in the early 1900s to no cases during 1999 to 2000. However, in the USA, shortly after September 11th, 2001, there were 22 cases (18 confirmed) of inhaled and cutaneous anthrax infection that were related to contaminated mail. The development of a new anthrax vaccine is necessary because the current AVA vaccine requires the growth of B. anthracis in its manufacturing process and has a complex administration regimen of six administrators of vaccine ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00170469
Bacillus anthracisBacillus anthracis
Jupiter Images / iStockphoto. The bacterium Bacillus anthracis occurs worldwide, its natural habitat is the soil. The pathogen causes the often fatal ending anthrax (Anthrax) in humans and in herbivorous animals such as cows or sheep. 95 percent by a Bacillus anthracis infection lead to all cutaneous anthrax, initially manifested by a painless, itchy papules on the hands, forearms or face, the black turns later from the center. but the bacterium can other forms of anthrax as Inhalation anthrax or Gastrointestinal anthrax trigger. All three forms can include one anthrax sepsis entail that ends in a few hours fatal. The bacteria form resistant survival structures (spores), which can remain viable for decades in nature. In the body, Bacillus anthracis is a special capsule of D-glutamic acid, which protects the pathogen from the scavenger cells of the immune system.. Especially in southern Europe and South America there are often anthrax disease caused by Bacillus anthracis in farm animals. The ...
http://consequencesbynoor.com/1915
Role of Food Insecurity in Outbreak of Anthrax Infections among Humans and Hippopotamuses Living in a Game Reserve Area, Rural...Role of Food Insecurity in Outbreak of Anthrax Infections among Humans and Hippopotamuses Living in a Game Reserve Area, Rural...
In September 2011, a total of 511 human cases of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) infection and 5 deaths were reported in a game management area in the district of Chama, Zambia, near where 85 hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibious) had recently died of suspected anthrax. The human infections generally responded to antibiotics. To clarify transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional, interviewer-administered household survey in villages where human anthrax cases and hippopotamus deaths were reported. Among 284 respondents, 84% ate hippopotamus meat before the outbreak. Eating, carrying, and preparing meat were associated with anthrax infection. Despite the risk, 23% of respondents reported they would eat meat from hippopotamuses found dead again because of food shortage (73%), lack of meat (12%), hunger (7%), and protein shortage (5%). Chronic food insecurity can lead to consumption of unsafe foods, leaving communities susceptible to zoonotic infection. Interagency cooperation is necessary to prevent
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/23/9/16-1597_article
Anthrax disease | definition of Anthrax disease by Medical dictionaryAnthrax disease | definition of Anthrax disease by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Anthrax disease in the Medical Dictionary? Anthrax disease explanation free. What is Anthrax disease? Meaning of Anthrax disease medical term. What does Anthrax disease mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Anthrax+disease
Genotyping and phylogenetic placement of Bacillus anthracis isolates from Finland, a country with rare anthrax cases | BMC...Genotyping and phylogenetic placement of Bacillus anthracis isolates from Finland, a country with rare anthrax cases | BMC...
Anthrax, the zoonotic disease caused by the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is nowadays rare in northern parts of Europe including Finland and Scandinavia. Only two minor outbreaks of anthrax in 1988 and in 2004 and one sporadic infection in 2008 have been detected in animals in Finland since the 1970s. Here, we report on two Finnish B. anthracis strains that were isolated from spleen and liver of a diseased calf related to the outbreak in 1988 (strain HKI4363/88) and from a local scrotum and testicle infection of a bull in 2008 (strain BA2968). These infections occurred in two rural Finnish regions, i.e., Ostrobothnia in western Finland and Päijänne Tavastia in southern Finland, respectively. The isolates were genetically characterized by PCR-based methods such as multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and whole genome-sequence analysis (WGS). Phylogenetic comparison of the two strains HKI4363/88 and BA2968 by chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-018-1250-4/metrics
3 Anthrax Vaccine Efficacy | The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? | The National Academies Press3 Anthrax Vaccine Efficacy | The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? | The National Academies Press
Read chapter 3 Anthrax Vaccine Efficacy: The vaccine used to protect humans against the anthrax disease, called Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), was licens...
https://www.nap.edu/read/10310/chapter/5
Anthrax lethal toxin inhibits growth of and vascular endothelial growth factor release from endothelial cells expressing the...Anthrax lethal toxin inhibits growth of and vascular endothelial growth factor release from endothelial cells expressing the...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Anthrax lethal toxin inhibits growth of and vascular endothelial growth factor release from endothelial cells expressing the human herpes virus 8 viral G protein-coupled receptor. AU - Depeille, Philippe. AU - Young, John J.. AU - Boguslawski, Elissa A.. AU - Berghuis, Bree D.. AU - Kort, Eric J.. AU - Resau, James H.. AU - Frankel, Arthur E.. AU - Duesbery, Nicholas S.. PY - 2007/10/1. Y1 - 2007/10/1. N2 - Purpose: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKK) inhibits tumor growth by acting on angiogenic signaling and by extension may form the basis of an effective strategy for treatment of Kaposis sarcoma. Experimental Design: Murine endothelial cells expressing the human herpes virus 8 G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR-SVEC) were treated with anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx). LeTx is a binary toxin ordinarily secreted by Bacillus anthracis and is composed of two proteins: protective antigen (the binding moiety) and ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/anthrax-lethal-toxin-inhibits-growth-of-and-vascular-endothelial-
Identification and characterization of bacillus anthracis spores by multiparameter flow cytometry on Environmental XPRTIdentification and characterization of bacillus anthracis spores by multiparameter flow cytometry on Environmental XPRT
Article Identification and characterization of bacillus anthracis spores by multiparameter flow cytometry. In response to the need for methods that can rapidly detect potentially virulent Bacillus anthracis spores, we developed a two-color flow cytom...
https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/identification-and-characterization-of-bacillus-anthracis-spores-by-multiparameter-flow-cytometry-36432
AID 329453 - Inhibition of cytopathic effect in Bacillus anthracis Sterne infected mouse RAW264.7 macrophage after 6 hrs by...AID 329453 - Inhibition of cytopathic effect in Bacillus anthracis Sterne infected mouse RAW264.7 macrophage after 6 hrs by...
BioAssay record AID 329453 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of cytopathic effect in Bacillus anthracis Sterne infected mouse RAW264.7 macrophage after 6 hrs by propidium iodide exclusion assay.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/329453
Anthrax toxins cooperatively inhibit endocytic recycling by the Rab11/Sec15 exocyst | NatureAnthrax toxins cooperatively inhibit endocytic recycling by the Rab11/Sec15 exocyst | Nature
The pathogen Bacillus anthracis secretes two potent toxins during anthrax infection, known as lethal factor (LF) and oedema factor (EF). Using transgenic Drosophila as a model system for the identification of pathways that might be involved in anthrax pathogenesis, Ethan Bier and colleagues show that these two toxins interact synergistically to block Rab11/Sec15 exocyst-dependent endocytic recycling, resulting in reduced Notch signalling and cadherin-dependent adhesion at the adherens junction. Tests in human endothelial cells indicate that the toxins have a similar effect on Rab11/Sec15 activity and Notch signalling. During infection, Bacillus anthracis secretes two potent toxins called lethal factor and oedema factor. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, these authors show that these toxins interact with the Rab11/Sec15 exocyst, which is involved in endocytic recycling. This interaction may explain vascular leakage during infection. Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax in
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09446?error=cookies_not_supported&code=c424ff21-d0bc-4e89-b105-0d9e0214c5bb
Virulence and immunogenicity in experimental animals of Bacillus anthracis strains harbouring or lacking 110 MDa and 60 MDa...Virulence and immunogenicity in experimental animals of Bacillus anthracis strains harbouring or lacking 110 MDa and 60 MDa...
Uchida, I.; Hashimoto, K.; Terakado, N., 1986: Virulence and immunogenicity in experimental animals of Bacillus anthracis strains harbouring or lacking 110 MDa and 60 MDa plasmids
https://eurekamag.com/research/001/507/001507702.php
Vaccine Awakening: Pentagon Wont Stop Forcing Anthrax VaccineVaccine Awakening: Pentagon Wont Stop Forcing Anthrax Vaccine
But as recently as this spring, the Government Accountability Office, the investigative arm of Congress, said questions remain about the vaccine. The long term safety of the licensed vaccine has not been studied, the agency said in a May 9 report. . . . Also, there is some evidence that the current anthrax vaccine may have diminished efficacy against certain virulent strains of anthrax. Barbara Loe Fisher, president of the National Vaccine Information Center, said her nonprofit advocacy group is adding more information to its Web site about the research and development of biological defense vaccines. The DOD has a moral duty to fully disclose anthrax vaccine risks, as well as benefits, to soldiers and allow them to make an informed, voluntary decision, she said in a statement - Christopher Lee, Washington Post, October 17, 2006 Mandatory Anthrax Shots to Return ...
http://vaccineawakening.blogspot.com/2006/11/pentagon-wont-stop-forcing-anthrax.html
Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: May 2007Anthrax Vaccine -- posts by Meryl Nass, M.D.: May 2007
PURPOSE: In the 1960s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) held the investigational new drug (IND) application for the anthrax vaccine and collected short-term safety data from approximately 16,000 doses administered to almost 7000 individuals. While some recent anthrax vaccine safety studies have suggested that women experience more injection site reactions (ISRs), to our knowledge the IND safety data were not previously examined for a gender-specific difference. METHODS: We identified and analyzed a subset of the IND study data representing a total of 1749 persons who received 3592 doses from 1967 to 1972. Original data collection forms were located and information extracted, including: vaccine recipients name, age at vaccination, gender, dose number, date of vaccination, lot number, grading of ISR, presence and type of systemic reactions. Overall and gender-specific rates for adverse reactions to anthrax vaccine were calculated and we performed a multivariable analysis. ...
http://anthraxvaccine.blogspot.com.es/2007/05/
Anthrax - The Black VaultAnthrax - The Black Vault
Anthrax was first tested as a biological warfare agent by Unit 731 of the Japanese Kwantung Army in Manchuria during the 1930s; some of this testing involved intentional infection of prisoners of war, thousands of whom died. Anthrax, designated at the time as Agent N, was also investigated by the allies in the 1940s. The British army tested experimental anthrax weapons on Gruinard Island, off the northwest coast of Scotland, in 1943. Gruinard was burned over at least once, yet as of the late 1980s, it was still too heavily contaminated with spores to allow unprotected human access, indicating the hardiness of anthrax spores. Weaponized anthrax was part of the U.S. stockpile prior to its destruction in 1972.. ...
https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/anthrax/
CodeLucid Research: Pathogenic Bacterium - Bacillus anthracisCodeLucid Research: Pathogenic Bacterium - Bacillus anthracis
In 1855, Aloys Pollender - a German Physician - published his findings on anthrax in which he described a group of stick-shaped bacteria that were present in the blood of infected animals. He is credited with recognizing the pathogen Bacillus anthracis. In 1864, Casimir Davaine - a French physician - studied the bacteria found in the blood of people infected with anthrax, and found that they physically resembled the bacteria described by Dr. Pellender, and thus concluded that the symptoms of anthrax occurred when these bacteria were present in the blood. Later in 1876, Robert Koch provided conclusive evidence that Bacillus anthracis was the cause of anthrax (Théodoridès 159 ...
http://codelucid.blogspot.co.ke/2016/08/pathogenic-bacterium-Bacillus-anthracis-anthrax-bacteria-virulence.html
The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? : Health and Medicine DivisionThe Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? : Health and Medicine Division
Use of the Anthrax Vaccine Absorbed (AVA) expanded in 1991, when the U.S. military, concerned that Iraq possessed anthrax bioweapons, administered the vaccine. As more service members were vaccinated, however, some of them raised concerns about the safety and efficacy of AVA, and some also suggested a possible link between AVA vaccination and the illnesses experienced by some veterans. In October 2000, the IOM convened the Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine to evaluate these difficult issues.
http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/reports/2002/The-Anthrax-Vaccine-Is-It-Safe-Does-It-Work.aspx
Statement on anthrax vaccine safetyStatement on anthrax vaccine safety
Dr. Kwai Chan testified on 29 April 1999, Mr. Chairman and Members of the Subcommittee:. We are pleased to be here today to discuss the results of our ongoing examination of the safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine, which is being done at your request. My testimony presents preliminary findings on (1) the short- and long-term safety of the vaccine, (2) the efficacy of the vaccine, and (3) problems the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found in the vaccine production facility in Michigan that could compromise the safety, efficacy, and quality of the vaccine. We plan to issue the final report on our review this fall.. As you know, concerns have been raised about the Department of Defense s (DOD) anthrax immunization program since the Department began vaccinating the first of 2.4 million active duty and reserve members. For example, some Gulf War veterans are suffering from unexplained illnesses that they believe might have been caused by anthrax vaccines that they received during the war. ...
http://www.whale.to/vaccines/anthrax2.html
More on anthraxMore on anthrax
Anthrax toxin. Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores caused by gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming Bacillus anthracis. Humans are accidental hosts through the food of animal origin and animal products. Anthrax is prevelant in most parts of the globe, and cases of anthrax have been reported from almost every country. Three forms of the disease have been recognized: cutaneous (through skin), gastrointestinal (through alimentary tract), and pulmonary (by inhalation of spores). The major virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis are a poly-D glutamic acid capsule and a three-component protein exotoxin. The genes coding for the toxin and the enzymes responsible for capsule production are carried on plasmid pXO1 and pXO2, respectively. The three proteins of the exotoxin are protective antigen (PA, 83 kDa), lethal factor (LF, 90 kDa), and edema factor (EF, 89 kDa). The toxins follow the A-B model with PA being the B moeity and LF/EF, the alternative A moeities. LF and EF are individually ...
http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/10_01/Bio_weapons_lit.shtml
Bioinspired detoxification of blood: The efficient removal of anthrax toxin protective antigen using an extracorporeal...Bioinspired detoxification of blood: The efficient removal of anthrax toxin protective antigen using an extracorporeal...
Whilst various remedial human monoclonal antibodies have been developed to treat the potentially life-threatening systemic complications associated with anthrax infection, an optimal and universally effective administration route has yet to be established. In the later stages of infection when antibody administration by injection is more likely to fail one possible route to improve outcome is via the use of an antibody-bound, adsorbent haemoperfusion device. We report here the development of an adsorbent macroporous polymer column containing immobilised B. anthracis exotoxin-specific antibodies, PANG (a non-glycosylated, version of a plant-produced human monoclonal antibody) and Valortim (a fully human monoclonal N-linked glycosylated antibody), for removal of anthrax protective antigen (PA) from freshly frozen human plasma and human whole blood. In addition, we have demonstrated that continuous extracorporeal blood recirculation through a Valortim-bound haemoperfusion column significantly ...
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111803/
Michael Karin: A NOD2-NALP1 complex mediates caspase-1-dependent IL-1beta secretion in response to Bacillus anthracis infection...Michael Karin: A NOD2-NALP1 complex mediates caspase-1-dependent IL-1beta secretion in response to Bacillus anthracis infection...
I really enjoyed reading your article. I found this as an informative and interesting post, so i think it is very useful and knowledgeable. I would like to thank you for the effort you have made in writing this article ...
http://karinlab-et-al.blogspot.com/2012/02/nod2-nalp1-complex-mediates-caspase-1.html
The role of HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes in variable antibody responses to Anthrax Vaccine AdsorbedThe role of HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes in variable antibody responses to Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed
Host genetic variation, particularly within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci, reportedly mediates heterogeneity in immune response to certain vaccines; however, no large study of genetic determinants of anthrax vaccine response has been described. We searched for associations between the immunoglobulin G antibody to protective antigen (AbPA) response to Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) in humans, and polymorphisms at HLA class I (HLA-A,-B, and-C) and class II (HLA-DRB1,-DQA1,-DQB1,-DPB1) loci. The study included 794 European-Americans and 200 African-Americans participating in a 43-month, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial of AVA (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00119067). Among European-Americans, genes from tightly linked HLA-DRB1,-DQA1,-DQB1 haplotypes displayed significant overall associations with longitudinal variation in AbPA levels at 4, 8, 26 and 30 weeks from baseline in response to vaccination with three or four doses of AVA (global P6.53 × 10 4). In particular, ...
http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub724073
Stock Photography of a Man with Cutaneous Bacillus Anthracis On His Face | #4992 by JVPD | Royalty-Free Stock PhotosStock Photography of a Man with Cutaneous Bacillus Anthracis On His Face | #4992 by JVPD | Royalty-Free Stock Photos
Staged health picture showing the symptoms of cutaneous anthrax due to B. anthracis. This slide was created to help a person suspect an illness, not diagnose the illness, in this case anthrax was the etiologic pathogen. Anthrax infection can occur in three forms: cutaneous (skin), inhalation, and gastrointestinal. Photographed in 1963. This image was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Stock Photography of a Man with Cutaneous Bacillus Anthracis On His Face.
http://imageenvision.com/photo/4992-stock-photography-of-a-man-with-cutaneous-bacillus-anthracis-on-his-face-by-jvpd
Transcriptional Profiling of Bacillus anthracis Sterne (34F2) during Iron Starvation - omicXTranscriptional Profiling of Bacillus anthracis Sterne (34F2) during Iron Starvation - omicX
Lack of available iron is one of many environmental challenges that a bacterium encounters during infection and adaptation to iron starvation is important for the pathogen to efficiently replicate within the host. Here we define the transcriptional response of B. anthracis Sterne (34F2) to iron depleted conditions. Genome-wide transcript analysis showed that B. anthracis undergoes considerable changes in gene expression during growth in iron-depleted media, including the regulation of known and candidate virulence factors. Two genes encoding putative internalin proteins were chosen for further study. Deletion of either gene (GBAA0552 or GBAA1340) resulted in attenuation in a murine model of infection. This attenuation was amplified in a double mutant strain. These data define the transcriptional changes induced during growth in low iron conditions and illustrate the potential of this dataset in the identification of putative virulence determinants for future study.
https://omictools.com/55c561eafe228d36421f37cc6d231164-protocol
Mitochondrial proteins Bnip3 and Bnip3L are involved in anthrax lethal toxin-induced macrophage cell death<...Mitochondrial proteins Bnip3 and Bnip3L are involved in anthrax lethal toxin-induced macrophage cell death<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mitochondrial proteins Bnip3 and Bnip3L are involved in anthrax lethal toxin-induced macrophage cell death. AU - Ha, Soon-Duck. AU - Ng, Dennis. AU - Lamothe, Julie. AU - Valvano, Miguel A. AU - Han, Jiahuai. AU - Kim, Sung Ouk. PY - 2007/9/7. Y1 - 2007/9/7. N2 - Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) induces rapid cell death of RAW246.7 macrophages. We recently found that a small population of these macrophages is spontaneously and temporally refractory to LeTx-induced cytotoxicity. Analysis of genome-wide transcripts of a resistant clone before and after regaining LeTx sensitivity revealed that a reduction of two closely related mitochondrial proteins, Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) and Bnip3-like (Bnip3L), correlates with LeTx resistance. Down-regulation of Bnip3 and Bnip3L was also found in toxin-induced resistance whereby sublethal doses of LeTx induce resistance to subsequent exposure to cytolytic toxin doses. The role of Bnip3 and Bnip3L in LeTx-induced ...
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/mitochondrial-proteins-bnip3-and-bnip3l-are-involved-in-anthrax-l
Obama Administration Seeks to Test Anthrax Vaccine in Children - SaneVax, Inc.Obama Administration Seeks to Test Anthrax Vaccine in Children - SaneVax, Inc.
AHRP) Whose children will be sacrificed in an illegal and unethical experiment in the name of Biodefense Preparedness? According to BioPrepWatch.com , the Obama administration is seeking to obtain a green light to conduct an anthrax vaccine safety experiment on US children. The stated rationale for such a trial, articulated by Dr. Nicole Lurie, US Dept. of Health and Human Services, is that there are no data about the safety of exposing children to the anthrax vaccine. And if an emergency arises, a trial would present an array of logistical, clinical and communication challenges during a public health crisis.. No child would benefit from exposure to a vaccine that has generated thousands of adverse event reports-including deaths-in adults.. Current law allows the FDA to issue an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for protections against biological, chemical, radiological, and nuclear agents that may be used to attack the American people. The FDA Commissioner may allow countermeasures to be ...
http://sanevax.org/obama-administration-seeks-to-test-anthrax-vaccine-in-children/
Pox AmericanaPox Americana
The book describes weeks of anxious discussions about the possibility that Iraq would unleash its presumably limited inventory of anthrax spores and botulinum toxin against coalition forces. U.S. military planners guessed that the Iraqis would target frontline troops with botulinum and would direct anthrax against the rear. The logic arose from the fact that the toxin disables its victims in minutes or hours, whereas the incubation period for anthrax is a day or more. The planners figured that by the time untreated rear-guard troops were moved forward, anthrax infections would have incapacitated them. These presumptions appeared critical in the face of inadequate vaccine supplies. To the chagrin of the commanders, although a half-million American troops would be sent to the Gulf area, there was enough anthrax vaccine only for 150,000 and botulinum vaccine for 10,000. Layered onto the scarcity problem were uncertainties about the safety and effectiveness of the anthrax vaccine. The uncertainties ...
http://prospect.org/article/pox-americana
USE OF LYMPHOCYTES TO MEASURE ANTHRAX LETHAL TOXIN ACTIVITY - Patent applicationUSE OF LYMPHOCYTES TO MEASURE ANTHRAX LETHAL TOXIN ACTIVITY - Patent application
0109]An example of a positive control is one that contains an amount of lymphocyte-associated LT activity present (such as the functional activity, for example an amount of cell proliferation or amount of secreted MAPKK-dependent cytokine) when cells are infected with LT and contacted with an agent known to decrease anthrax pathogenicity (such as a neutralizing antibody to anthrax LT). For example, the control can include an amount of cell proliferation or an amount of MAPKK-dependent cytokine (such as an amount of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, or IFN-γ). When comparing the lymphocyte-associated LT activity present in the experimental to the positive control, similar or even reduced lymphocyte-associated LT activity relative to the positive control indicates the test agent decreases pathogenicity of anthrax. For example, when comparing the lymphocyte-associated LT activity present in the experimental to the positive control, similar or increased cell proliferation or MAPKK-dependent cytokine activity (such ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20100227349
2002] Anthrax: A Deadly Shot in the Dark---LT. COL. THOMAS S. HEEMSTRA (Ret. U.S.A.F.)2002] Anthrax: A Deadly Shot in the Dark---LT. COL. THOMAS S. HEEMSTRA (Ret. U.S.A.F.)
Crystal Communications. 2009 Family Circle, #3 Lexington, KY 40505. PH: (859) 255-0076 FAX: (859) 255-0938. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: MAY 20, 2002. CONTACT: ED PUTERBAUGH, (859) 255-0076 or [email protected] or LT. COL. THOMAS S. HEEMSTRA (Ret. U.S.A.F.) (859) 621-8982.. AS MILITARY DECIDES ABOUT CIVILIAN NEEDS FOR ANTHRAX VACCINE, NEW BOOK DETAILS ITS HISTORY, HIGH REACTION RATE, DANGERS. Lexington, KY: Even as the Defense Department is in discussions with other agencies to assess civilian vaccination needs - particularly for emergency first responders - in the event of a bioterrorist attack (Washington Post, May 20, 2002), a new book written by a former F-16 squadron commander, Anthrax: A Deadly Shot in the Dark aims to educate the civilians and the public health community about the hazards of the anthrax vaccine, its flawed manufacturing history, and its devastating effects on the military. (See www.anthraxadeadlyshotinthedark.com ) You may have to face the same decision, whether to ...
http://whale.to/a/heemstra.html
Anthrax Article - Microbiology@MorningsideAnthrax Article - [email protected]
Anthrax is caused by spore exposure of the bacteria Bacillus anthracis. Its a disease that can come from grazing animals, and under certain conditions the anthrax can thrive for decades as spores germinate and multiply.. Treaments:penicillin, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxicin functions by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase, which is an enzyme necessary to separate replicated DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division. It is effective against Bacillus Anthracis.. *Penicillin G not just penicillin i believe they are different from each other ...
http://morningsidemicro.wikidot.com/anthrax-article
Vaccine Awakening: Forced Anthrax Vaccine Crippling SoldiersVaccine Awakening: Forced Anthrax Vaccine Crippling Soldiers
The Pentagon is reviving its mandatory anthrax vaccinations despite allegations that the shots have contributed to as many as 23 deaths and sickened hundreds, and perhaps thousands, of soldiers....The Pentagon has been rocked by criticism that it has failed to adequately track whether the shots have caused diseases. Indeed, as occurred with Francis, many soldiers are injected with several vaccines on the same day, making it harder to identify the cause of illnesses....Col. Randall Anderson, who runs the Military Vaccine Agency, said the Pentagon believes health risks from the anthrax vaccine are equal to those of other vaccines that cause illnesses in only a tiny percentage of those vaccinated.....Numerous public health experts believe BioThrax causes a range of problems, particularly among women and people prone to autoimmune diseases. They list Guillain-Barre, which can kill or paralyze; other neurological disorders; diabetes; arthritis; chronic fatigue syndrome; chronic muscle and joint ...
http://vaccineawakening.blogspot.com/2006/12/pentagon-is-reviving-its-mandatory.html
Anthrax Disease - National Vaccine Information CenterAnthrax Disease - National Vaccine Information Center
Anthtrax is a highly lethal acute disease in humans caused by bacterium Bacillus Anthracis. Read the NVIC special report to learn more about anthrax vaccine.
https://www.nvic.org/Vaccines-and-Diseases/Anthrax.aspx
BIOTHRAX (Anthrax vaccine) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR - ONABIOTHRAX (Anthrax vaccine) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR - ONA
BIOTHRAX (Anthrax vaccine) drug information & product resources from MPR including dosage information, educational materials, & patient assistance.
https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/biothrax/drug/34781/
Anthrax Vaccine: What You Need to KnowAnthrax Vaccine: What You Need to Know
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Infectious Diseases (CDC OID). Published: 3/21/2018. This two-page fact sheet provides basic information on anthrax, the anthrax vaccine, who should get the vaccine, and the risks of the vaccine. (PDF)...
https://medworm.com/659358820/anthrax-vaccine-what-you-need-to-know/
Is Anthrax Vaccine SafeIs Anthrax Vaccine Safe
Is Anthrax Vaccine Safe Anthrax is a bacterial infection that is contracted by humans from the livestock like cattle and sheep. The bacteria
http://rocketswag.com/health/disease/a/anthrax/Is-Anthrax-Vaccine-Safe.html
Bacillus anthracis. Causes, symptoms, treatment Bacillus anthracisBacillus anthracis. Causes, symptoms, treatment Bacillus anthracis
Description of disease Bacillus anthracis. Treatment Bacillus anthracis. Symptoms and causes Bacillus anthracis Prophylaxis Bacillus anthracis
http://drugster.info/ail/pathography/2281/
Pfenex Inc. Awards Paragon Bioservices a Contract for cGMP Manufacturing of its Recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA), for Phase...Pfenex Inc. Awards Paragon Bioservices a Contract for cGMP Manufacturing of its Recombinant Protective Antigen (rPA), for Phase...
... SAN DIEGO Nov. 5 2013 /- Pfen... We are pleased to award this contract to Paragon Bioservices stated... Marco A. Chacon Ph.D. CEO of Paragon st... About Pfenex Inc. ...,Pfenex,Inc.,Awards,Paragon,Bioservices,a,Contract,for,cGMP,Manufacturing,of,its,Recombinant,Protective,Antigen,(rPA),,for,Phase,1,Clinical,Trial,of,its,Anthrax,Vaccine,biological,advanced biology technology,biology laboratory technology,biology device technology,latest biology technology
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology-1/Pfenex-Inc--Awards-Paragon-Bioservices-a-Contract-for-cGMP-Manufacturing-of-its-Recombinant-Protective-Antigen--28rPA-29--for-Phase-1-Clinical-Trial-o-28416-1/
Single host gene may hold key to treating both ebola and anthrax infections | EurekAlert! Science NewsSingle host gene may hold key to treating both ebola and anthrax infections | EurekAlert! Science News
Research published by Army scientists indicates that a minor reduction in levels of one particular gene, known as CD45, can provide protection against two divergent microbes: the virus that causes Ebola hemorrhagic fever and the bacterium that causes anthrax. Taken together, the results suggest a common host restriction factor and a promising approach to drug development for treating two completely different infections.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-08/uamr-shg082009.php
Genetic variability of Bacillus anthracis and related species. | Journal of Clinical MicrobiologyGenetic variability of Bacillus anthracis and related species. | Journal of Clinical Microbiology
We evaluated the abilities of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and sequences of intergenic spacer regions (ISRs) between two highly conserved genes, 16S-23S rDNA and gyrB-gyrA ISRs, to detect variation in strains of Bacillus anthracis as well as two closely related species, B. cereus ATCC 14579 and B. mycoides ATCC 6462. For each restriction enzyme, (NotI, SfiI, and SmaI), the PFGE banding patterns for three B. anthracis strains (Ames, Vollum, and Sterne) were identical. However, closely related species could be differentiated from B. anthracis and from each other. PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rDNA ISR yielded a 143- to 144-bp fragment, showing identical sequences for B. anthracis strains, one nucleotide deletion between B. cerus and B. anthracis, and 13 nucleotide differences between B. mycoides and B. anthracis. The gyrase ISR sequences (121 bp) in B. anthracis strains were also identical, but those in B. cereus and B. mycoides differed from that in B. anthracis by 1 and 2 ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/33/7/1847?ijkey=e8ac8d1fb22ba86aeb2853db437ae42cf3f534b3&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
subject:(Bacillus) - OATDsubject:(Bacillus) - OATD
The bacterium Bacillus anthracis causes the disease anthrax, primarily in herbivores but many mammals are susceptible to the disease. Its infective form is as a dormant spore that can lie in the soil for decades. Thus, in its cycle of infection, it spends most of the time in an inactive state and replication-induced DNA-mutations are therefore kept at a minimum. Partly due to these long periods of inactivity, all B. anthracis isolates found in the world are genetically very similar. This makes strain characterization difficult and requires high-resolution technologies. Bacillus anthracis also has similar DNA-content as other Bacillus spp. and therefore diagnostic cross-reactions are not uncommon. Anthrax incidence has steadily declined in the world during the last century but there are still endemic areas. In 2008 and in 2011 Sweden suffered two large and costly outbreaks, most likely caused by the disturbance of old anthrax epizootic graves from the 1940s and 1950s. Several studies emanated ...
https://oatd.org/oatd/search?q=subject%3A%28Bacillus%29&pagesize=30&publisher.facet=Swedish%20University%20of%20Agricultural%20Sciences
FBIs AMERITHRAX Case just unravelled. Ex-FBI agent who directed investigation suing FBI, turns whistleblower!!! - Infinite...FBIs AMERITHRAX Case just unravelled. Ex-FBI agent who directed investigation suing FBI, turns whistleblower!!! - Infinite...
Preface by Washingtons Blog: See also 2 U.S. Government Agencies Say FBIs Anthrax Case Is Full of Holes, and our archive of Anthrax articles.. By Meryl Nass, M.D. Dr. Nass is a board-certified internist and a biological warfare epidemiologist and expert in anthrax. Nass publishes Anthrax Vaccine.. Here is the Complaint, filed on April 2, 2015 alleging gross mishandling of the case on many levels, and concealment of evidence exonerating Bruce Ivins:. http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1714250-former-fbi-special-agent-in-charge-richard.html. Excerpts:. 5. This complaint further details how Defendants derelict failure to perform their mandated legal duties to Plaintiff was driven by Defendants blinding animus toward Plaintiff for Plaintiffs prior whistleblower reports of FBI and DOJ mismanagement of the FBIs investigation into the anthrax attacks of 2001 (code named AMERITHRAX).. From pages 23 to 25:. 50. In the fall of 2001, following the 9/11 attacks, a series of anthrax mailings ...
http://www.infiniteunknown.net/2015/04/09/fbis-amerithrax-case-just-unravelled-ex-fbi-agent-who-directed-investigation-suing-fbi-turns-whistleblower/
Frontiers | Crossing of the epithelial barriers by Bacillus anthracis: the Known and the Unknown | MicrobiologyFrontiers | Crossing of the epithelial barriers by Bacillus anthracis: the Known and the Unknown | Microbiology
Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium, is initiated by the entry of spores into the host body. There are three types of human infection: cutaneous, inhalational, and gastrointestinal. For each form, B. anthracis spores need to cross the cutaneous, respiratory or digestive epithelial barriers, respectively, as a first obligate step to establish infection. Anthrax is a toxi-infection: an association of toxemia and rapidly spreading infection progressing to septicemia. The pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis mainly depends on two toxins and a capsule. The capsule protects bacilli from the immune system, thus promoting systemic dissemination. The toxins alter host cell signaling, thereby paralyzing the immune response of the host and perturbing the endocrine and endothelial systems. In this review, we will mainly focus on the events and mechanisms leading to crossing of the respiratory epithelial barrier, as the majority of studies have addressed inhalational
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01122/full
Canadian Anthrax Outbreak Worst on Record | TheHorse.comCanadian Anthrax Outbreak Worst on Record | TheHorse.com
|P>Saskatchewan, Canada, is experiencing its worst anthrax year on record. Animal health authorities have quarantined more than 28 premises in Saskatchewan for suspected anthrax contamination and have deemed 113 cattle deaths suspicious as of July
https://www.thehorse.com/articles/16563/canadian-anthrax-outbreak-worst-on-record
Watchtower (band)Watchtower (band)
The album saw Watchtower tour with bands like Slayer, Anthrax, Helstar, Celtic Frost, Voivod and Armored Saint. In the fall of ... "Anthrax". Metallipromo.com. Retrieved November 22, 2017. "Celtic Frost". Metallipromo.com. Retrieved November 22, 2017. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watchtower_(band)
2008 US Open (tennis)2008 US Open (tennis)
Anthrax? SARS? Common cough and cold?"). The American, renowned for his serve, struggled with this aspect of his game in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_US_Open_(tennis)
Clash of the Titans (tour)Clash of the Titans (tour)
Ling, Dave (March 2017). "Live! Anthrax". Classic Rock #233. p. 104. "Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax: The Oral ... Anthrax guitarist Scott Ian stated in an interview with Guitar World that they wanted Pantera as the opening act of the Clash ... "Anthrax Average Setlists of tour: Clash of the Titans , setlist.fm". www.setlist.fm. Clash of the Titans article from Spin ... A second leg in 1991 in the United States and Canada had a slightly different lineup: Megadeth, Slayer and Anthrax headlined, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clash_of_the_Titans_(tour)
Hagar the WombHagar the Womb
... anthrax (uk)". Anthraxuk.bandcamp.com. Retrieved 1 June 2020. "Hagar The Womb - We Are Going To Eat You (1985, Cassette)". ... split with Anthrax (UK), Grow Your Own Records, GYOEP3, UK, 2016) Hagiography (CD, One Bright Spark Records 001, 2016) [ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagar_the_Womb
Back-FusionBack-Fusion
However, pathogens also exploit this mechanism to efficiently enter the cytosol of the cell (e.g. VSV, anthrax). Unlike regular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-Fusion
Gang of Four (band)Gang of Four (band)
"Anthrax" (DLL). AllMusic. Retrieved 26 August 2008. "The Jam, Gang of Four: Music Machine, London" Paul Morley, New Musical ... Critic Stewart Mason has called "Anthrax" not only the group's "most notorious song" but also "one of the most unique and ... "a case of anthrax, and that's some thing I don't want to catch." Meanwhile, in the other stereo channel (and slightly less ... Anthrax" and "Armalite Rifle", was recorded in June 1978 and released on 10 December 1978, on Edinburgh's Fast Product label. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(band)
Michael NeubertMichael Neubert
In April 1990 he visited Gruinard Island to declare the island safe after World War II Anthrax experiments. He died aged 80 on ... "Britain's 'Anthrax Island". BBC News, Scotland. BBC. 25 July 2001. Retrieved 19 December 2010. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Neubert
Gemstones in the BibleGemstones in the Bible
anthrax (Ex., xxviii, 18; xxxix, 11; Ezech., xxviii, 13; omitted in Ezech., xxvii, 16); Vulg., carbunculus (Ex., xxviii, 18; ... It probably corresponded to the anthrax of Theophrastus (De lap., 18), the carbunculus of Pliny (Hist. nat., XXXVII, xxv), the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstones_in_the_Bible
1942 in Scotland1942 in Scotland
"Britain's 'Anthrax Island'". BBC. 25 July 2001. Retrieved 6 May 2013. "South Ford Causeway". Stornoway: Comhairle nan Eilean ... July - military scientists begin testing of anthrax as a biological warfare agent on Gruinard Island. 25 August - Dunbeath air ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1942_in_Scotland
Stomp 442Stomp 442
... is the only Anthrax album not featuring the traditional Anthrax logo on its artwork. Stomp 442 is also Anthrax's ... Anthrax claimed that their label, Elektra Records, didn't do enough to promote the album, and they left soon after. ... Anthrax John Bush - lead vocals Scott Ian - rhythm guitar, backing vocals Frank Bello - bass, backing vocals Charlie Benante - ... and Anthrax - producers, mixing Butcher Bros., Dirk Grobelny, Ian Cross - engineers Mike Monterulo, J.J. Bottari, Chris Gately ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomp_442
Philibert ChabertPhilibert Chabert
In 1774, he wrote a treatise on methods to control an anthrax epizootic occurring in Saint-Domingue. Heintzman, Kit (2018). "A ... Swiderski, RM (2004). Anthrax: A History. McFarland. p. 89. ISBN 9780786481965. v t e. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philibert_Chabert
Rihab TahaRihab Taha
The missing anthrax was one of the stated reasons for the Iraq war and was emphasized by then-U.S. Secretary of State Colin ... Anthrax" by the U.S., was also among those released after what the U.S. said was a standardized process of review and an ... The dossier alleged that Taha had played a leading role in the manufacture of anthrax and other biological agents. It was this ... During one experiment, the inspectors were told, 12 prisoners were tied to posts while shells loaded with anthrax were blown up ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihab_Taha
Rob CaggianoRob Caggiano
Anthrax - We've Come for You All Anthrax - "The Greater of two Evils" Prong - "Remix 2010" H20 - "H20" The Agony Scene - The ... with Anthrax with Boiler Room with The Damned Things with Volbeat Cradle of Filth - Nymphetamine (Grammy nominated) Cradle of ... On January 4, 2013, it was announced that he had left Anthrax, reportedly in order to focus on studio production work for a ... Caggiano was also the guitarist/songwriter for a band called The Damned Things along with Scott Ian (Anthrax), Joe Trohman and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Caggiano
Gilmer High SchoolGilmer High School
"Gilmer High evacuated due to anthrax scare." Times-Courier 11 March 2010, 135: 1. Print. "Anthrax Scare Closes School." WSBTV ( ... takes place in early June on the GHS football field Gilmer High School received a threatening letter that mentioned anthrax and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilmer_High_School
Iraq and weapons of mass destructionIraq and weapons of mass destruction
... the same prisoners had also been inoculated for anthrax. The assumption being that Iraq used both smallpox and anthrax during ... During one experiment, the inspectors were told, 12 prisoners were tied to posts while shells loaded with anthrax were blown up ... The non-profit American Type Culture Collection and the Centers for Disease Control sold or sent biological samples of anthrax ... For example, the Iraqi military settled on the American Type Culture Collection strain 14578 as the exclusive anthrax strain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
Stefan H. E. KaufmannStefan H. E. Kaufmann
Defensins Neutralize Anthrax Toxin. ScienceDaily. Retrieved May 25, 2010, from Science Daily News Council World Health Summit ... Kaufmann headed a team that developed a method of using defensins to combat anthrax. Schering Foundation (Schering Stiftung), ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_H._E._Kaufmann
United Nations Special CommissionUnited Nations Special Commission
8,000 litres of anthrax; 2,000 litres of aflatoxins, which can cause liver cancer; clostridium perfringens, a bacterium that ... and 50 bombs and five missile warheads with anthrax. In an interview with the BBC, Taha denied the Iraqi government had ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Commission
Operation VegetarianOperation Vegetarian
The testing of anthrax as an animal elimination method was done on Gruinard Island, just off the coast of Scotland. The ... The anthrax bacteria were produced internally by the government at a lab operated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and ... Original tests on the effectiveness of anthrax were conducted on the island in 1940 and 41 with the bacteria being included in ... The actual task of injecting the anthrax was given to 13 women who previously worked as soap makers. The containers decided ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Vegetarian
Zoltán HerczegZoltán Herczeg
His favorite is Anthrax. He wants to dress like them and gets his girlfriend to make the typical Anthrax surf shorts and jeans ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoltán_Herczeg
List of 2016 albumsList of 2016 albums
Maçek III, J.C. (February 21, 2016). "Anthrax: For All Kings". PopMatters. Retrieved December 15, 2019. Hadusek, Jon (February ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2016_albums
Terrorism in CanadaTerrorism in Canada
October 2001 - Shortly after anthrax letters were found in the US, Office of British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell received ... Editor (31 October 2001). "Anthrax worries hit city". Kamloops This Week. Retrieved 26 December 2014.CS1 maint: extra text: ... Anthrax hoaxes) and message "Conservateurs, vous serez anéantis," which translates to "Conservatives, you will be annihilated" ... letter with white dust that was part of Anthrax hoaxes. June 4, 2014 - Justin Bourque, a 24-year-old from Moncton, shot five ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_Canada
Brian Ross (journalist)Brian Ross (journalist)
"Vital unresolved anthrax questions and ABC News - Glenn Greenwald". Salon. August 1, 2008. Retrieved October 26, 2010. "The ... In November 2001, Ross updated the story, acknowledging that original reports of bentonite in the anthrax samples were ... Ross, Brian; Isham, Christopher; Vlasto, Chris; Matsumoto, Gary (29 October 2001). "Troubling Anthrax Additive Found; Atta Met ... Greenwald, Glenn (April 11, 2007). "Response from ABC News re: the Saddam-anthrax reports". Retrieved July 26, 2012. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Ross_(journalist)
Live: The Island YearsLive: The Island Years
Public Enemy)" (Anthrax, Carl Ridenhour, Hank Shocklee, Eric "Vietnam" Sadler) - 7:38 "I Am the Law" (Anthrax, Danny Lilker) - ... to a beat by Anthrax drummer Charlie Benante. All songs written by Anthrax, except where noted. "Efilnikufesin (N.F.L.)" - 6:59 ... Anthrax were not directly involved in the making of this album, whose release was due to remaining contractual obligations ... "Anthrax Live: The Island Years". AllMusic. Retrieved April 19, 2014. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Popoff, Martin ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live:_The_Island_Years
Hart Senate Office BuildingHart Senate Office Building
"Capitol Hill Anthrax OSC Report" (PDF). March 3, 2003. Retrieved June 26, 2017. "Anthrax-free Senate building reopens". BBC ... "The Anthrax Cleanup of Capitol Hill." Documentary by Xin Wang produced by the EPA Alumni Association. Video, Transcript (see p1 ... On October 15, 2001, several suites of this building became contaminated by the release of anthrax powder from an envelope ... mailed to Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle in the 2001 anthrax attacks. The building was closed October 17, 2001, displacing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart_Senate_Office_Building
Thallous acetateThallous acetate
World Health Organization (2008). Anthrax in humans and animals. World Health Organization. pp. 139-. ISBN 978-92-4-154753-6. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallous_acetate
Eamon DelaneyEamon Delaney
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) O'Dwyer, Thomas (26 September 2002). "Barrels of anthrax, no laughs". Haaretz. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eamon_Delaney
Matt PinfieldMatt Pinfield
"Anthrax Backstage: Rock in Rio". LiveXLive. November 5, 2019. https://radioinsight.com/headlines/203894/matt-pinfield-to-host- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Pinfield
Crossover thrashCrossover thrash
"Anthrax Trying To Find Their Voice; Plus Danzig, Children Of Bodom & More News That Rules, In Metal File". Retrieved 18 January ... Anthrax, Metallica, Slayer, Exodus, Testament and Overkill. This scene influenced the skinhead wing of New York hardcore, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossover_thrash
CyaACyaA
Pertussis toxin Anthrax toxin PDB: 2COL​; Guo Q, Shen Y, Lee YS, Gibbs CS, Mrksich M, Tang WJ (September 2005). "Structural ... The ACD of CyaA shares a similar structure and mechanism of activation with anthrax edema factor (EF). However, the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyaA
Environmental Quality ManagementEnvironmental Quality Management
Several other congressional office buildings also showed evidence of anthrax contamination and had to be fumigated. Responding ... EQM developed "Sampling for Anthrax" training. EQM also designed, constructed, and manned modular multi-chamber decontamination ... when aides to Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle opened an anthrax-laced letter in his office. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Quality_Management
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth CareGeographicals
AnthraxAnthrax VaccinesBacillus anthracisBioterrorismBacterial ToxinsAntigens, BacterialSkin Diseases, BacterialBiological WarfareSpores, BacterialReceptors, PeptideAntitoxinsInhalation ExposurePostal ServiceAntibodies, BacterialAntibiotic ProphylaxisDistrict of ColumbiaBiological Warfare Agents
Anthrax toxin - WikipediaAnthrax toxin - Wikipedia
... called anthrax toxin. Anthrax toxin is a mixture of three protein components: (i) protective antigen (PA), (ii) edema factor ( ... Bacillus anthracis-the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by Harry Smith in 1954. Anthrax toxin is ... Anthrax toxin is of the form A2B, where the two enzymes, EF and LF, are the A components and PA is the B component. Thus, PA ... The mechanism of anthrax toxin action is the result of the molecular structures of the three toxin proteins in combination with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrax_toxin
ISDH: Anthrax 2004ISDH: Anthrax 2004
Current: Anthrax 2004. Anthrax 2004. Anthrax is a bacterial disease of man and animals caused by the bacteria Bacillus ... There were no reported human or animal cases of anthrax in Indiana in 2004.. You can learn more about anthrax by visiting the ... Anthrax is a disease of interest because of its high mortality rate, severe illness, and potential for use as a Category A ... Anthrax bacteria form spores, which are extremely stable in the environment. There are three clinical presentations of the ...
http://in.gov/isdh/21977.htm
The anthrax threat | Unknown | The EconomistThe anthrax threat | Unknown | The Economist
Three people have now died from pulmonary anthrax since October 5th. This has renewed fears about biological weapons, which may ... Americas outbreak of anthrax contamination continues to widen, sowing alarm and confusion. ... The anthrax threat. Americas outbreak of anthrax contamination continues to widen, sowing alarm and confusion. Three people ... and most of them have the cutaneous form of anthrax, which is easily treatable with antibiotics. Pulmonary anthrax can also be ...
https://www.economist.com/unknown/2001/10/26/the-anthrax-threat
AnthraxAnthrax
Inhalation anthrax. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1980;353:83-93. 5. Elkina AV. The epidemiology of a pulmonary form of anthrax. Zh ... The Epidemiology of Anthrax. Anthrax occurs worldwide. The organism exists in the soil as a spore. Animals, domestic or wild, ... epidemics of anthrax. The largest reported epidemic of human anthrax occurred in Zimbabwe from 1978 through 1980, with an ... In the United States, the annual incidence of human anthrax has steadily declined-from about 127 cases in the early years of ...
http://www.iaff.org/hs/Resi/Anthrax/Epidemiology.htm
Anthrax | CignaAnthrax | Cigna
Covers anthrax vaccine. Offers tips on reducing exposure risk. ... Discusses anthrax, a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis ... Anthrax. Topic Overview. What is anthrax?. Anthrax is a serious, sometimes deadly disease caused by infection with anthrax ... Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria. There are three types of infection:. * Cutaneous (skin) anthrax . This can ... Can anthrax be prevented?. In the U.S., the anthrax vaccine is used to protect only the small number of people who are at ...
https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/hw/medical-topics/anthrax-ty6357
Anthrax kills goat in South Texas - San Antonio Express-NewsAnthrax kills goat in South Texas - San Antonio Express-News
The last animal case of anthrax was in in a deer two years ago in Uvalde County, and the last human case was over 10 years ago. ... Price said an anthrax outbreak is unlikely because the county has not seen a fly infestation, and the temperature has been ... The case of anthrax follows the outbreak of vesicular stomatitis, a contagious virus that causes blisters in the mouth and on ... Anthrax cases typically occur after substantial rain after a long period of drought. He said the goat inhaled the bacteria ...
https://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/First-case-of-Anthrax-in-years-kills-goat-in-5609146.php
Anthrax bacillus - definition of anthrax bacillus by The Free DictionaryAnthrax bacillus - definition of anthrax bacillus by The Free Dictionary
anthrax bacillus synonyms, anthrax bacillus pronunciation, anthrax bacillus translation, English dictionary definition of ... Noun 1. anthrax bacillus - a species of bacillus that causes anthrax in humans and in animals ; can be used a bioweapon ... anthrax bacillus. Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia.. Related to anthrax bacillus: Anthrax toxin, plague bacillus ... anthrax bacillus - a species of bacillus that causes anthrax in humans and in animals (cattle and swine and sheep and rabbits ...
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/anthrax+bacillus
STERIPLEX Ultra Kills Anthrax Spores | MedgadgetSTERIPLEX Ultra Kills Anthrax Spores | Medgadget
It has been a while since the 2001 anthrax attacks but anthrax remains a potent bio-weapon that is notoriously hard to clean up ... It destroys anthrax spores in less than 30 seconds during suspension tests and destroys anthrax spores in only 30 minutes when ... It has been a while since the 2001 anthrax attacks but anthrax remains a potent bio-weapon that is notoriously hard to clean up ... Anthrax spores can survive for long periods of time and decontamination is time-consuming and costly. However sBioMed has ...
https://www.medgadget.com/2010/04/steriplex_ultra_kills_anthrax_spores_1.html
Basic research producing new anthrax therapiesBasic research producing new anthrax therapies
The anthrax mailings triggered a run on antibiotics, but these drugs only work in the early stages of anthrax infection, before ... Nitro10506-2A and DS-998 could lead to the development of new drugs for the treatment of anthrax, Tang said, but he cautioned ... that have made anthrax one of the most feared of potential bioterror agents. In the August 2004 issue of the journal Chemistry ... His team had sent a manuscript describing the three-dimensional structure of anthrax edema factor to the journal Nature a few ...
http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/report-32648.html
New antibody shows promise as cure for anthrax | EurekAlert! Science NewsNew antibody shows promise as cure for anthrax | EurekAlert! Science News
If future tests concur, this could be the first successful treatment for late-stage anthrax infection, even for an anthrax ... The high-affinity antibody, an anthrax antitoxin, successfully eliminated both anthrax bacteria and its deadly toxins in animal ... A new anthrax antibody engineered by scientists at The University of Texas at Austin protects and defends against inhalation ... anthrax without the use of antibiotics and other more expensive antibodies. ...
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-11/uota-nas112905.php
The Easter anthrax letter?The Easter anthrax letter?
... By Maralyn Lois Polak Published March 30, 2005 at 1:00am ... In fact, at the time of the anthrax letters, several New York City book publishers I was interested in submitting manuscripts ... "And I followed those anthrax incidents rather closely. Because they were terrifying and they impacted considerably upon the ... "Oh no," I reply groggily, in a lame attempt at gallows humor, "not another anthrax letter!" ...
https://www.wnd.com/2005/03/29591/
Anthrax Anniversary, by Justin RaimondoAnthrax Anniversary, by Justin Raimondo
ANTHRAX ANNIVERSARY. Two years into the persecution of Steven Hatfill shows what the feds have in store for us all. by Justin ... In tracking down the real culprit in the anthrax attacks, it would seem that an attempt to frame someone as the anthrax ... Hatfill had no involvement in the anthrax attack. It is now time for those law enforcement officials who have orchestrated a ... The anthrax attacks ratcheted up the level of fear and anger that gave momentum to the War Party, which was able to direct all ...
http://www.antiwar.com/justin/j080403.html
AnthraxAnthrax
How can anthrax be contracted?. There are three ways in which people can contract anthrax. They can be infected by spores ... What is anthrax?. Anthrax is a serious infectious disease, usually found in farm animals, that has existed for tens of ... What are the symptoms of anthrax?. Most cases of anthrax involve small cuts in the skin becoming infected by spores from wool ... How is anthrax treated?. Anthrax infection responds well to early treatment with a course of antibiotics. The majority of ...
http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?con=514
Anthrax NewsAnthrax News
ANTHRAX may be the key to shrinking bladder tumors by 30% in 3 minutes. A combination of anthrax and a growth factor found on ... Zimbabwe: Anthrax Cases On the Rise in Bikita. [The Herald] Masvingo -The number of cattle that have succumbed from Anthrax ... Control and Prevention of Anthrax, Texas, USA, 2019 Control and Prevention of Anthrax, Texas, USA, 2019. Animal outbreaks of ... Anthrax: Developing Drugs for Prophylaxis of Inhalational Anthrax Guidance for Industry. Clinical / Antimicrobial; (Source: FDA ...
https://medworm.com/anthrax/news/
Anthrax Attacks Cattle in SarapiquíAnthrax Attacks Cattle in Sarapiquí
Spores that cause anthrax can sit in the soil for as long as 100 years and are released during certain environmental conditions ... TEN cows in Sarapiquí, in north-central Costa Rica, have been struck down by anthrax. Ministry of Agriculture (MAG) officials ... anthrax usually stays localized in one area, MAG Animal Health assistant director Ligia Quirós told the daily.The bacteria have ... the daily La Nación reported.Anthrax gained notoriety in 2001 as a suspected biological weapon that left five dead in the ...
https://ticotimes.net/2005/09/09/anthrax-attacks-cattle-in-sarapiqui
Anthrax Resource Center | Health.milAnthrax Resource Center | Health.mil
... and other resources for the Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program (AVIP). ... Anthrax and Anthrax Vaccine, Course Number DHA-US080. This course provides a comprehensive overview of anthrax and the vaccine ... clinical features of anthrax disease, anthrax vaccine, indications, contraindications and precautions for anthrax vaccination, ... Anthrax Resource Center. You will find on this page all of the resources you will need for the DoD Anthrax Vaccine Immunization ...
https://health.mil/Military-Health-Topics/Health-Readiness/Immunization-Healthcare/Vaccine-Preventable-Diseases/Anthrax/Anthrax-Resource-Center
Anthrax Archives - MyDr.com.auAnthrax Archives - MyDr.com.au
myDr provides Australians with comprehensive articles and news about a wide variety of diseases and conditions, tests and treatments, health and fitness issues, and medications ...
https://www.mydr.com.au/action_indication/anthrax/
Anthrax confirmed in bison at Wood Buffalo National Park | CBC NewsAnthrax confirmed in bison at Wood Buffalo National Park | CBC News
Parks Canada has confirmed that anthrax is to blame for the recent deaths of dozens of bison. The risk to humans is very very ... Anthrax confirmed in bison at Wood Buffalo National Park. Parks Canada has confirmed that anthrax is to blame for the recent ... In Wood Buffalo park, more dead bison found; anthrax suspected. * In Wood Buffalo park, more dead bison found; anthrax ... They say dry, hot weather earlier this summer allowed the anthrax spores to surface, creating prime conditions for an outbreak ...
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/anthrax-confirmed-in-bison-at-wood-buffalo-national-park-1.3164682
Tens of Thousands of Letters May Carry Anthrax Spores | Fox NewsTens of Thousands of Letters May Carry Anthrax Spores | Fox News
... decided if it will try to locate tens of thousands of letters mailed around the country that were possibly tainted with anthrax ... But the way the mail was processed suggests far more than 300 letters could have picked up small amounts of anthrax in that ... Still, scientists do not know the minimum safe level of anthrax, and people with weak immune systems could be infected by far ... Tens of Thousands of Letters May Carry Anthrax Spores. By , Fox News. ...
https://www.foxnews.com/story/tens-of-thousands-of-letters-may-carry-anthrax-spores
Floyd County Health Department undertakes Anthrax scenarioFloyd County Health Department undertakes Anthrax scenario
A simulated Anthrax attack was the basis for an emergency health training by the Floyd County Health Department in New Albany. ...
https://www.courier-journal.com/videos/news/local/2014/09/25/16236393/
Director Ridge Discusses Anthrax Situation (Text Only)Director Ridge Discusses Anthrax Situation (Text Only)
I want to update you on the anthrax situation here in the District of Columbia, and then brief you on specific steps we are ... Q Now that we have discovered that anthrax can be carried, apparently not just inside an envelope but perhaps on the surface as ... I want to update you on the anthrax situation here in the District of Columbia and then brief you on specific steps we are ... First of all, soon after the first case of anthrax surfaced, CDC placed its medical surveillance team on the highest alert. ...
https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/10/print/text/20011023-1.html
Doctor in anthrax search charged with assaultDoctor in anthrax search charged with assault
A doctor whose homes were searched by FBI agents investigating the 2001 anthrax attacks was charged with assault for allegedly ... Doctor in anthrax search charged with assault. A doctor whose homes were searched by FBI agents investigating the 2001 anthrax ... Anthrax-laced envelopes were mailed in the fall of 2001 to news media and government offices. Five people were killed and 17 ... "We ought to be planning to make anthrax vaccine widely available to the population starting in the major cities," he said. The ...
https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna5614086
anthrax | UNARTIGanthrax | UNARTIG
Nothing like this has ever happened to Anthrax before, and we regret that it happened last night. Thank you to those who came ... Anthrax - Snowscrapers 2009 [uncut#102] Posted in Unartig uncut by unartignyc on 2013/09/04 ... Anthrax - Saint Vitus 2016 Posted in Unartig uncut by unartignyc on 2016/09/20 ... But as a result of this organizational slackerism, Anthraxs set got butchered. What was meant to be a full length performance ...
https://unartignyc.com/tag/anthrax/
anthrax vaccine Archives - SaneVax, Inc.anthrax vaccine Archives - SaneVax, Inc.
Filed Under: Anthrax, HHS, United States, Vaccine Science Tagged With: anthrax vaccine, proposed pediatric trials ... Filed Under: Anal Cancer, Anthrax, Gardasil / Silgard, Vaccine Adverse Events Tagged With: Anal Cancer, anthrax vaccine, ... Filed Under: Anthrax, Government Agencies Tagged With: anthrax vaccine, children, clinical trials ... Are American children to be used in medical experiments to test anthrax vaccine?. May 29, 2011. By admin Leave a Comment ...
https://sanevax.org/tag/anthrax-vaccine/
Novel anthrax treatments exploredNovel anthrax treatments explored
Collier has been working on anthrax toxin for 15 years, for reasons of biology, not bioterrorism. "Anthrax is very interesting ... Anthrax has always been at or near the top of the list of bioterrorist threats, but no one expected an attack through the mail ... "We worried about anthrax spores being sprayed in a sports stadium, the subway, or by a plane flying over a large city. There is ... "If you knew someone was resistant to anthrax, you might not worry so much about him if he had been exposed," says Dietrich, an ...
https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2001/11/novel-anthrax-treatments-explored/
Anthrax punctulatus - Sound clips | BioLib.czAnthrax punctulatus - Sound clips | BioLib.cz
BioLib.cz uses cookies for user log in and analysing number of visits. By using this site, you agree to our use of cookies ...
https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonsoundclips/id119988/
Anthraxs Scott Ian And Wife Celebrate Ninth Wedding Anniversary - Blabbermouth.netAnthrax's Scott Ian And Wife Celebrate Ninth Wedding Anniversary - Blabbermouth.net
ANTHRAX guitarist Scott Ian and his wife, Pearl Aday, have taken to social media to profess their love for each other on their ... Ian and Aday met in 1999 when ANTHRAX was out on the "Maximum Rock" summer package tour with MÖTLEY CRÜE, which featured Pearl ... ANTHRAX guitarist Scott Ian and his wife, Pearl Aday, have taken to social media to profess their love for each other on their ... ANTHRAXs SCOTT IAN And Wife Celebrate Ninth Wedding Anniversary January 15, 2020 0 Comments ...
https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/anthraxs-scott-ian-and-wife-celebrate-ninth-wedding-anniversary/
CDC Lab Chief Resigns After Anthrax Fumble - NBC10 PhiladelphiaCDC Lab Chief Resigns After Anthrax Fumble - NBC10 Philadelphia
The head of a CDC lab in Atlanta that possibly exposed workers to live anthrax has resigned, an agency spokesman said Wednesday ... CDC Lab Chief Resigns After Anthrax Fumble Published July 23, 2014. • Updated on July 23, 2014 at 2:54 pm. ... Dozens of CDC workers may have been exposed to anthrax after Farrells lab sent live samples of the deadly bacteria to two ... The head of a CDC lab in Atlanta that possibly exposed workers to live anthrax has resigned, an agency spokesman said Wednesday ...
https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/national-international/cdc-lab-chief-resigns-after-anthrax-fumble/2014062/
Anthrax - Impericon.com UKAnthrax - Impericon.com UK
Official Band, TV, Movie and Gaming Merchandise and Streetwear in the Impericon Shop UK - Ready to be shipped within 24 hours - 30 days of return
https://www.impericon.com/uk/anthrax.html
Over 20 hippos killed in Ethiopian park: Anthrax, toxic algae suspected | AfricanewsOver 20 hippos killed in Ethiopian park: Anthrax, toxic algae suspected | Africanews
Whiles an anthrax outbreak caused the deaths of a least 10 buffaloes about two weeks ago at Kenyas Lake Nakuru National Park. ... The cause of the deaths have been aligned to suspected anthrax outbreak or toxic algae, the director of the Ethiopian Wildlife ... Two years ago, about 100 hippos died following an anthrax outbreak in Namibias Bwabwata National Park. ...
https://www.africanews.com/2019/04/24/over-20-hippos-killed-in-ethiopian-park-anthrax-toxic-algae-suspected/
AnthraxAnthrax
... - State of Euphoria (Re-Issue). For me, the best Anthrax album is Among the Living from 1987. However, Anthrax wasted ... Anthrax - Worship Music. I didnt have high hopes for this record. First, there was all the drama surrounding it. They bring in ... Posts Tagged Anthrax. Posted in Frontpage Feature, Reviews, Reviews › A on Monday, January 28th, 2019 ... Anthrax had already firmly established themselves with their patented NY stylized crunch thrash metal guitar tone and were ...
https://www.teethofthedivine.com/tags/anthrax/
Silver Platters. Anthrax Black LodgeSilver Platters. Anthrax Black Lodge
Anthrax:Black Lodge,CD,5CD SINGLES,Released 08/19/1993,New:5.99 ... Anthrax Black Lodge. CD. 5CD SINGLES. WEA/ELEKTRA ...
https://www.silverplatters.com/p/5339/anthrax-black-lodge
Anthrax | Worship Music - CD ReviewsAnthrax | Worship Music - CD Reviews
Topics: CD Reviews , Music, Anthrax, Anthrax, More , Music, Anthrax, Anthrax, Anthrax, CD reviews, metal, metal11, Less ... Anthrax , Worship Music. Megaforce Records (2011) By MICHAEL CHRISTOPHER , August 24, 2011 Anthrax. " alt="photo of Anthrax"> ... Anthrax have always brought humor to their music, and it resides here in a faux zombie radio warning (dude, so 2009), and their ... Anthrax has remained relevant over the past two decades mainly because John Bush, with his rumbling and powerful vocals, ...
https://portland.thephoenix.com/Boston/music/125701-anthrax/
Anthrax - SDF - Scottish Drugs ForumAnthrax - SDF - Scottish Drugs Forum
Anthrax. Anthrax outbreaks in Scotland. Anthrax is a rare but serious bacterial infection caused by the Gram-positive, spore- ... Anthrax Outbreak 2009/10. The deadly outbreak of anthrax among injecting heroin users in 2009-2010 was identified starting in ... Most commonly this leads to injection anthrax but symptoms of inhalational anthrax may occur if contaminated heroin has been ... The outbreak is thought to be due to a single novel strain of anthrax not previously seen in the UK or elsewhere - and related ...
http://www.sdf.org.uk/what-we-do/reducing-harm/infection-outbreak-control/anthrax/
Anthrax | FESTIVALPHOTOAnthrax | FESTIVALPHOTO
Anthrax, Diamond Plate & Obsessive Compulsive - Oxford Academy - 14th March 2012 [Concert Review/Eng] ...
https://www.festivalphoto.net/pictures&concertID=13958&artist=anthrax
ANTHRAX | Attack of the killers BS - Nuclear BlastANTHRAX | Attack of the killers B'S - Nuclear Blast
ANTHRAX Weve come for you all / The greater of two evils. CD-Boxset - 14,99 EUR ... ANTHRAX Weve come for you all / The greater of two evils. 2CD - 14,99 EUR ... ANTHRAX Sound of white noise/ Stomp 442 CLASSIC SERIES. 2CD - 14,99 EUR ...
https://www.nuclearblast.de/de/produkte/tontraeger/cd/cd/anthrax-attack-of-the-killers-b-s.html
Anthrax and Testament Stars Lead Cover Of Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks ClassicAnthrax and Testament Stars Lead Cover Of Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks Classic
... Singled Out: Bonnie Whitmores Last Will & ... Anthrax and Testament Stars Lead Cover Of Tom Petty and Stevie Nicks Classic. Keavin Wiggins , 03-08-2021 ... The quarantine video features Anthraxs Charlie Bentante, Testaments Alex Skolnick, Trans-Siberian Orchestras Jennifer Cella ... has received a new quarantine cover from members of Anthrax, Testament, Trans-Siberia Orchestra and more. ...
https://www.antimusic.com/news/2021/March/08Anthrax_and_Testament_Stars_Lead_Cover_Of_Tom_Petty_and_Stevie_Nicks_Classic.shtml
anthrax attacks 2001 Archives - Fair Observeranthrax attacks 2001 Archives - Fair Observer
The Fair Observer website uses digital cookies so it can collect statistics on how many visitors come to the site, what content is viewed and for how long, and the general location of the computer network of the visitor. These statistics are collected and processed using the Google Analytics service. Fair Observer uses these aggregate statistics from website visits to help improve the content of the website and to provide regular reports to our current and future donors and funding organizations. The type of digital cookie information collected during your visit and any derived data cannot be used or combined with other information to personally identify you. Fair Observer does not use personal data collected from its website for advertising purposes or to market to you ...
https://www.fairobserver.com/tag/anthrax-attacks-2001/
Anthrax | Thunder Bay District Health UnitAnthrax | Thunder Bay District Health Unit
Inhalation anthrax results from the inhalation of anthrax spores, particularly in risky industrial settings. ... Anthrax Reporting Obligations. Suspected cases must be reported immediately by phone to the Thunder Bay District Health Unit at ... Cutaneous anthrax is characterized by initial itching of the exposed skin surface; an initial vesicle at the site of ... Inhalational anthrax is the most lethal form of disease. Initial presentation includes sweats, malaise, mild cough, dyspnea, ...
https://www.tbdhu.com/professionals/health-care-providers/infectious-diseases-toolkit/anthrax
Tom Daschle Confronted on Anthrax Attack & Bilderberg | We Are ChangeTom Daschle Confronted on Anthrax Attack & Bilderberg | We Are Change
Senator Tom Daschle gets confronted about how the anthrax that was sent to him originated from Fort Detrick, Md and the fact he ... Tom Daschle Confronted on Anthrax Attack & Bilderberg. Posted by Luke Rudkowski , Sep 5, 2012 , ... Former U.S. Senator Tom Daschle gets confronted about how the anthrax that was sent to him originated from Fort Detrick, Md and ...
https://wearechange.org/tom-daschle-confronted-on-anthrax-attack-bilderberg/
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth CareGeographicals
AnthraxAnthrax VaccinesBacillus anthracisBioterrorismBacterial ToxinsAntigens, BacterialSkin Diseases, BacterialBiological WarfareSpores, BacterialReceptors, PeptideAntitoxinsInhalation ExposurePostal ServiceAntibodies, BacterialAntibiotic ProphylaxisDistrict of ColumbiaBiological Warfare Agents
BacillusCutaneous anthraxInhalation anthraxToxinsBacteriumForm of anthraxHumansVaccine2002Gastrointestinal anthraxAntigenSymptoms of anthraxSporeOutbreakToxin receptorCauses anthraxLethal factorDeadlyContagiousFatal2001 anthraxBacterialCentersBiologicalContaminated with anthrax sporesOutbreaksResearchersVaccinesAntibiotic treatmentStrainBioterroristAntibiotics for 60 daysTreat inhalational anthraxZoonoticLaboratoryVaccinationCase of anthraxInfection with anthraxAnimalsInfectionsCalled anthrax toxinEdema toxinOccur
Bacillus18
  • Anthrax toxin is a three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis-the causative agent of anthrax. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming, Gram positive, rod-shaped bacterium (Fig. 1). (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria. (cigna.com)
  • This undated file electronmicrograph from the official U.S. Department of Defense anthrax information Web Site shows Bacillus anthracis vegetative cells in a monkey spleen. (mysanantonio.com)
  • Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus anthracis. (mysanantonio.com)
  • We have been able to successfully use Lentiviral vector technology to take an existing hybridoma that poorly produces a highly valued monoclonal antibody targeted to the Anthrax bacillus and create a new cell line that produces the antibody at high levels. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In 1876, Koch, using suspended drop culture techniques, was able to trace the complete life cycle of the anthrax bacillus for the first time in history. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Koch was the first person to isolate the cholera and the anthrax bacillus and won the 1905 Nobel Prize in 1905 for his discovery and investigations into the tuberculosis bacillus. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved a new indication for BioThrax (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed) to prevent disease following suspected or confirmed exposure to Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax disease. (michbio.org)
  • Bacillus anthracis bacteria have very efficient machinery for injecting toxic proteins into cells, leading to the potentially deadly infection known as anthrax. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Scientists have coated spores of a close biological relative of anthrax, Bacillus thuringiensis, with plant growth-promoting and anti-insect enzymes and other proteins to treat crops. (missouri.edu)
  • Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) is a key virulence factor released by Bacillus anthracis that causes rapid cell death, pyroptosis. (uwo.ca)
  • In October 2001, four cases of inhalational anthrax occurred in workers in a Washington, D.C., mail facility that processed envelopes containing Bacillus anthracis spores. (cdc.gov)
  • Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis and is regarded as one of the most prominent bioterrorism threats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anthrax is a serious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a bacterium that forms spores. (princeton.edu)
  • Bacillus anthracis releases two bipartite proteins, lethal toxin and edema factor, that contribute significantly to the progression of anthrax-associated shock. (elsevier.com)
  • Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive spore-forming rod capable of causing cutaneous, gastrointestinal and inhalational anthrax. (tdl.org)
  • Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil. (icdlist.com)
Cutaneous anthrax8
  • With cutaneous anthrax , symptoms usually appear 5 to 7 days after exposure to spores, though it may take longer. (cigna.com)
  • Cutaneous anthrax in Eastern Turkey: a review of 85 cases. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Cutaneous anthrax is when spores enter the human body through a cut or wound in the skin and further develop into an itchy bump with a black sore. (myupchar.com)
  • About 20% of untreated cases of cutaneous anthrax will result in death. (tripod.com)
  • Would you recognize cutaneous anthrax? (tripod.com)
  • A lesion, resembling a cutaneous anthrax lesion, may be seen in the oral cavity on the posterior wall, the hard palate or the tonsils. (tripod.com)
  • Early treatment of cutaneous anthrax is usually curative, and early treatment of all forms is important for recovery. (capemaycountynj.gov)
  • Patients with cutaneous anthrax have reported case fatality rates of 20% without antibiotic treatment and less than 1% with it. (capemaycountynj.gov)
Inhalation anthrax3
  • A new anthrax antibody engineered by scientists at The University of Texas at Austin protects and defends against inhalation anthrax without the use of antibiotics and other more expensive antibodies. (eurekalert.org)
  • In two separate experiments conducted in SFBR's biosafety level 4, maximum containment laboratory, researchers placed anthrax spores in the nasal passages of guinea pigs, mimicking exposure to inhalation anthrax. (eurekalert.org)
  • Reviews options for people exposed to airborne anthrax spores, who may be at risk for inhalation anthrax. (unt.edu)
Toxins12
  • The high-affinity antibody, an anthrax antitoxin, successfully eliminated both anthrax bacteria and its deadly toxins in animal tests. (eurekalert.org)
  • Anthrax toxins can cause severe tissue damage and death, the FDA said Monday in a news release. (doctorslounge.com)
  • The anthrax bacterium can invade immune cells called macrophages and release potent toxins that paralyze key biochemical pathways, causing rapid cell death. (ucsd.edu)
  • Karin explained that ATP is released from macrophages infected and poisoned with anthrax toxins through a special channel in the cell membrane. (ucsd.edu)
  • Infections using a mutant anthrax bacterium lacking the deadly toxins did not set off the alarm system in test animals. (ucsd.edu)
  • As anthrax reproduces rapidly inside its host, it releases toxins that quickly kill the infected animal. (missouri.edu)
  • Here, we addressed whether or not anthrax toxins could be targeted and neutralised in the gastrointestinal tract by lactobacilli producing recombinant antibody fragments as a model system for toxin neutralisation in the gastrointestinal lumen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have developed lactobacilli expressing a neutralising scFv fragment against the PA antigen of the anthrax toxin, which can provide protection against anthrax toxins both in vitro and in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • As blocking the anthrax toxins prevents disease, the toxins are considered the main virulence factors of the bacterium. (elsevier.com)
  • The anthrax bacterium and the anthrax toxins trigger multiorgan failure associated with enhanced vascular permeability, hemorrhage and cardiac dysfunction in animal challenge models. (elsevier.com)
  • These studies are consistent with involvement of the cardiovascular system, and with an increase of cardiac failure markers observed in human anthrax and in animal models using B. anthracis and anthrax toxins. (elsevier.com)
  • r\nTo determine the effects of the anthrax toxins on the adaptive immune response, B lymphocytes were exposed to LeTx or EdTx in vitro. (tdl.org)
Bacterium2
  • Scientists at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences have uncovered how the body's immune system launches its survival response to the notorious and deadly bacterium anthrax. (ucsd.edu)
  • Most (about 95%) anthrax infections occur when the bacterium enters a cut of abrasion on the skin. (tripod.com)
Form of anthrax4
  • On October 28th, a postal worker in New Jersey was confirmed as suffering from the pulmonary form of anthrax, bringing to eight the number of such cases, caused by inhalation of the bacteria. (economist.com)
  • And it was confirmed that another worker at NBC, one of the affected New York-based television stations, had contracted the cutaneous form of anthrax. (economist.com)
  • Dozens of Americans have now tested positive for exposure to anthrax spores, though only a small number have contracted the disease, and most of them have the cutaneous form of anthrax, which is easily treatable with antibiotics. (economist.com)
  • is the most lethal form of anthrax. (tripod.com)
Humans4
  • Anthrax in humans is rare unless the spores are spread on purpose. (cigna.com)
  • During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union, among others, were attracted to anthrax for their respective biological weapons programs because of the hardiness of the organism and high lethality rates of untreated gastrointestinal and, especially, pulmonary anthrax infections in humans. (missouri.edu)
  • The incubation period of inhalational anthrax among humans is unclear, but it is reported to range from 1 to 7 days, possibly ranging up to 60 days. (tripod.com)
  • Humans occasionally become infected with anthrax when they eat meat or handle the wool, hair or bones of an animal infected with anthrax. (capemaycountynj.gov)
Vaccine5
  • With today's approval of BioThrax, we now have a vaccine that can be used, together with antibiotic treatment, to prevent disease after exposure to anthrax spores," said Karen Midthun, M.D., director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. (michbio.org)
  • A vaccine to prevent anthrax is available for people in the military and others at high risk. (icdlist.com)
  • Is there a vaccine or antidote for exposure to anthrax? (capemaycountynj.gov)
  • The US has limited supplies of anthrax vaccine that is currently being used by the military. (capemaycountynj.gov)
  • A vaccine has been developed for anthrax that is protective against invasive disease, but it is currently only recommended for high-risk populations. (capemaycountynj.gov)
20022
  • Before 2002, nothing was available to treat the large amounts of deadly toxin released by those bacteria, which is what leads to death in patients with late-stage anthrax infection. (eurekalert.org)
  • In 2002, Iverson and Georgiou, a biomedical and chemical engineer, reported that their labs had developed a high-affinity, "sticky" antibody designed to bind with anthrax toxin and remove it from the body. (eurekalert.org)
Gastrointestinal anthrax5
  • With gastrointestinal anthrax , symptoms usually occur within a week after exposure. (cigna.com)
  • Gastrointestinal anthrax can be caused by the ingestion of the meat of an infected animal. (myupchar.com)
  • However, relatively little is known about the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal anthrax, despite its prevalence in ruminant livestock. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gastrointestinal anthrax may develop if the bacteria are swallowed. (princeton.edu)
  • For gastrointestinal anthrax, the case-fatality rate is estimated to be 25%-60% and the effect of early antibiotic treatment on that case-fatality rate is not defined. (capemaycountynj.gov)
Antigen10
  • Anthrax toxin is composed of a cell-binding protein, known as protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthrax toxin is a mixture of three protein components: (i) protective antigen (PA), (ii) edema factor (EF), and (iii) lethal factor (LF). (wikipedia.org)
  • We investigated whether protective antigen-directed monoclonal antibody (PA-mAb) treatment further augments titrated hemodynamic support.Methods and Results.Forty sedated, mechanically ventilated, instrumented canines challenged with anthrax LT were assigned to no treatment (controls), hemodynamic support alone (protocol-titrated fluids and norepinephrine), PA-mAb alone (administered at start of LT infusion [0 hours] or 9 or 12 hours later), or both, and observed for 96 hours. (elsevier.com)
  • Eichacker, Peter Q. / Protective antigen antibody augments hemodynamic support in anthrax lethal toxin shock in canines . (elsevier.com)
  • Anthrax toxicity is induced by the tripartite toxin complex, composed of the receptor-binding anthrax protective antigen and the two enzymatic subunits, lethal factor and edema factor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How was your experience with Anthrax Antigen? (medicap.com)
  • What tips would you provide a friend before taking Anthrax Antigen? (medicap.com)
  • What are you taking Anthrax Antigen for? (medicap.com)
  • How well did Anthrax Antigen work for you? (medicap.com)
  • How likely would you be to recommend Anthrax Antigen to a friend? (medicap.com)
Symptoms of anthrax3
  • What are the main signs and symptoms of anthrax? (myupchar.com)
  • Although the likelihood of anthrax exposure is minimal, it is important to be familiar with the symptoms of anthrax infection. (princeton.edu)
  • See Anthrax: Treatment for information about management of persons with symptoms of anthrax. (unt.edu)
Spore2
  • For a tiny spore, anthrax holds a lot of danger and promise. (missouri.edu)
  • In the case of anthrax, the spore may form the anthrax toxin when it enters the warm, moist environment inside the skin, stomach or lungs of a person. (princeton.edu)
Outbreak6
  • America's outbreak of anthrax contamination continues to widen, sowing alarm and confusion. (economist.com)
  • They failed to anticipate the latest outbreak, which could well result from the letters already identified, and they seem to be no closer to discovering who is responsible for the anthrax attacks. (economist.com)
  • Price said an anthrax outbreak is unlikely because the county has not seen a fly infestation, and the temperature has been cooler than usual. (mysanantonio.com)
  • An outbreak of anthrax has killed 1,500 northern deer in Russia and, with the figure set to rise, fears over exports of venison have begun to surface. (sott.net)
  • The anthrax outbreak in the Yamal Peninsula, the Arctic part of Russia, is believed to be the largest for 75 years. (sott.net)
  • Scientists said it was probable that this latest outbreak was connected to abnormal heat, which resulted in melting the permafrost where spores of anthrax can live for decades. (sott.net)
Toxin receptor2
  • This process starts when the 83-kDa form of PA, called PA83, binds to an anthrax toxin receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • A recent study using mice that either lacked the anthrax toxin receptor in specific cells and corresponding mice expressing the receptor in specific cell types demonstrated that cardiovascular cells are critical for disease mediated by anthrax lethal toxin. (elsevier.com)
Causes anthrax1
Lethal factor1
  • Once PA attaches to the cell, it forms a docking site for two anthrax proteins called lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). (scitechdaily.com)
Deadly4
  • Anthrax is a serious, sometimes deadly disease caused by infection with anthrax bacteria. (cigna.com)
  • However, given that anthrax is a very serious and often deadly condition, the benefit for treating anthrax is expected to outweigh this risk," the FDA said. (doctorslounge.com)
  • Exposure to anthrax often proves deadly. (ucsd.edu)
  • But he won't be taking it easy: Once his terminal leave is complete, King plans to open the world's first express delivery service for the deadly disease Anthrax, Duffel Blog has learned. (duffelblog.com)
Contagious1
Fatal1
  • Anthrax disease, especially the inhalation form, is often fatal if not promptly treated. (michbio.org)
2001 anthrax1
  • It has been a while since the 2001 anthrax attacks but anthrax remains a potent bio-weapon that is notoriously hard to clean up. (medgadget.com)
Bacterial2
  • The new antibody is produced in bacterial cells, rather than the more expensive mammalian cell culture now used to produce anthrax antibodies. (eurekalert.org)
  • Most of these plates are anthrax, but they're all non-virulent," Stewart says of the various bacterial colonies on the counter in his lab. (missouri.edu)
Centers2
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Thursday, June 19, 2014, that some of its staff in Atlanta may have been accidentally exposed to dangerous anthrax bacteria because of a safety problem at some of its labs. (mysanantonio.com)
  • The anthrax information webpage for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states the bacteria can live in the environment for a long time, even decades. (mysanantonio.com)
Biological3
  • Anthrax is considered one of the more likely agents to be used in a biological attack, primarily because its spores are very stable and easy to disperse. (michbio.org)
  • Anthrax has been recognized as a highly likely biological warfare or terrorist agent. (spie.org)
  • Experts believe that anthrax is among the diseases which could be used as a biological weapon. (capemaycountynj.gov)
Contaminated with anthrax spores1
  • This can occur when you eat food contaminated with anthrax spores. (cigna.com)
Outbreaks3
  • On October 23rd, Mr Bush's spokesman said that the government was working under an operating suspicion that the anthrax outbreaks are linked to the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington last month. (economist.com)
  • Sporadic, natural outbreaks of anthrax can happen almost anywhere in the world except Antarctica, as the spores have been found to exist worldwide, Stewart said. (missouri.edu)
  • In the United States, outbreaks in cattle and bison usually happen in the Plains and West in states like Colorado and Wyoming - anywhere that cattle or sheep have been raised or their wildlife equivalents graze, lending to the descriptor from Stewart of "anthrax belt" for the states stretching from Texas to the Dakotas. (missouri.edu)
Researchers4
  • The researchers discovered that the fight against invading anthrax bacteria begins with the first infected cell. (ucsd.edu)
  • Researchers confirmed the importance of this complex signal transduction pathway in fighting anthrax in a series of experiments using genetically altered mice or inhibitor drugs. (ucsd.edu)
  • Whenever the researchers interfered with the ATP channel, the ATP receptor, inflammasome proteins or the IL-1beta molecule, they found that the macrophages could not survive, anthrax bacteria grew unchecked or the infected mouse died rapidly. (ucsd.edu)
  • In a newly published study, researchers from MIT show that a modified version of the anthrax toxin can be used to deliver antibody drugs to kill cancer cells. (scitechdaily.com)
Vaccines1
  • Studying it could not only help find future anthrax vaccines and therapies, but also be used for other applications. (missouri.edu)
Antibiotic treatment1
  • The preventive treatment for anthrax consists of antibiotic treatment for 30-60 days. (capemaycountynj.gov)
Strain2
  • If future tests concur, this could be the first successful treatment for late-stage anthrax infection, even for an anthrax strain that has been designed to resist antibiotics. (eurekalert.org)
  • Patterson, chair of the Department of Virology and Immunology at SFBR, adds, "A concern to national defense is that terrorists might design a strain of anthrax that is resistant to antibiotics, but this antitoxin could eliminate those concerns by providing an effective treatment that doesn't require antibiotics. (eurekalert.org)
Bioterrorist1
  • This bioterrorist attack of anthrax is a reason for concern, and scientists are working to prevent the spread of this disease through such an attack in the future. (myupchar.com)
Antibiotics for 60 days1
  • People who are exposed to anthrax can take preventive antibiotics for 60 days. (myupchar.com)
Treat inhalational anthrax1
  • MONDAY, March 21, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Anthim (obiltoxaximab) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat inhalational anthrax, a rare disease stemming from infected animal products. (doctorslounge.com)
Zoonotic1
Laboratory1
Vaccination3
  • Producers are encouraged to consult their veterinary practitioner or local TAHC office if they suspect their animals are affected with anthrax, or if they have questions about the disease or the vaccination of their livestock. (mysanantonio.com)
  • Anthrax vaccination is not available for the general public. (capemaycountynj.gov)
  • Vaccination is recommended only for those at high risk, such as workers in research laboratories that handle anthrax bacteria routinely. (capemaycountynj.gov)
Case of anthrax1
  • The last animal case of anthrax was in in a deer two years ago in Uvalde County, and the last human case was over 10 years ago. (mysanantonio.com)
Infection with anthrax1
  • Drs. Jean Patterson and Ricardo Carrión at SFBR, along with veterinary staff from the SFBR Department of Comparative Medicine, have tested the re-engineered antibody with guinea pigs to determine if the antitoxin could protect against a true infection with anthrax spores. (eurekalert.org)
Animals5
  • Anthrax spores in the soil can infect animals who eat plants growing in the soil. (cigna.com)
  • In trials, Elusys has found that the IgG protects test animals from anthrax when administered both before and after exposure to the disease. (eurekalert.org)
  • Upon examination of all the animals at the end of both experiments, scientists found no evidence of disease, with no or only trace amounts of anthrax residing in typical reservoirs for the bacteria, the lungs and spleen. (eurekalert.org)
  • This disease has been present in our country for a long time and we have 35,000 officially registered animals with anthrax in burial sites," said Julia Demina, deputy head of Russian sanitary body Rospotrebnadzor. (sott.net)
  • Although it is rare, people may contract anthrax disease through natural exposures, such as contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. (michbio.org)
Infections2
  • October 14, 2001 Known cases of anthrax at twelve individuals, mostly skin infections and arising from the September 18 mailings to media outlets. (emptywheel.net)
  • Most anthrax infections occur when the bacteria enter a cut or abrasion to the skin. (princeton.edu)
Called anthrax toxin1
  • The lethality of the disease is caused by the bacterium's two principal virulence factors: (i) the polyglutamic acid capsule, which is anti-phagocytic, and (ii) the tripartite protein toxin, called anthrax toxin. (wikipedia.org)
Edema toxin1
  • Finally, lactobacilli producing the cell wall attached scFv were able to neutralise the activity of anthrax edema toxin in the GI tract of mice, in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
Occur1
  • Anthrax cases typically occur after substantial rain after a long period of drought. (mysanantonio.com)
PLOS ONE: Anthrax Toxin Receptor Drives Protective Antigen Oligomerization and Stabilizes the Heptameric and Octameric Oligomer...
PLOS ONE: Anthrax Toxin Receptor Drives Protective Antigen Oligomerization and Stabilizes the Heptameric and Octameric Oligomer... (journals.plos.org)
CDC - Anthrax: Past Responses and Investigations - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
CDC - Anthrax: Past Responses and Investigations - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic (cdc.gov)
The anthrax threat | Unknown | The Economist
The anthrax threat | Unknown | The Economist (economist.com)
How Anthrax Works | HowStuffWorks
How Anthrax Works | HowStuffWorks (science.howstuffworks.com)
Pfenex Awarded Anthrax Vaccine Contract | Pharmaceutical Technology
Pfenex Awarded Anthrax Vaccine Contract | Pharmaceutical Technology (pharmtech.com)
Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions - United States, 2015 | MMWR
Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions - United States, 2015 | MMWR (cdc.gov)
CDC - Anthrax - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
CDC - Anthrax - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic (cdc.gov)
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2006
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2006 (cdc.gov)
Diagnosis and Management of Foodborne Illnesses --- A Primer for Physicians and Other Health Care Professionals
Diagnosis and Management of Foodborne Illnesses --- A Primer for Physicians and Other Health Care Professionals (cdc.gov)
CDC - Anthrax: Recommendations for Protecting Workers - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
CDC - Anthrax: Recommendations for Protecting Workers - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic (cdc.gov)
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2005
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2005 (cdc.gov)
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2004
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2004 (cdc.gov)
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2002
Summary of Notifiable Diseases --- United States, 2002 (cdc.gov)
CDC - Anthrax: Environmental Sampling - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
CDC - Anthrax: Environmental Sampling - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic (cdc.gov)
CDC - Anthrax: Instructor Training - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
CDC - Anthrax: Instructor Training - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic (cdc.gov)
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00170172 - Inhalation anthrax.
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00170172 - Inhalation anthrax. (cdc.gov)
Health Information in Spanish (español): MedlinePlus
Health Information in Spanish (español): MedlinePlus (medlineplus.gov)
Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth - Live At The Hollywood Palladium, Los Angeles, CA / March 10th, 1985 - Metallica | Last.fm
Anesthesia) Pulling Teeth - Live At The Hollywood Palladium, Los Angeles, CA / March 10th, 1985 - Metallica | Last.fm (last.fm)
How to Survive a Chemical or Biological Attack (with Pictures)
How to Survive a Chemical or Biological Attack (with Pictures) (wikihow.com)
Biological weapons and bioterrorism: Past, present, and future
Biological weapons and bioterrorism: Past, present, and future (medicalnewstoday.com)
CDC - Skin- Occupational Dermatoses Slides 71 to 75- NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
CDC - Skin- Occupational Dermatoses Slides 71 to 75- NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic (cdc.gov)
Responding to Detection of Aerosolized Bacillus anthracis by Autonomous Detection Systems in the Workplace
Responding to Detection of Aerosolized Bacillus anthracis by Autonomous Detection Systems in the Workplace (cdc.gov)
Principles of Epidemiology | Lesson 1 - Section 8
Principles of Epidemiology | Lesson 1 - Section 8 (cdc.gov)
Aerosols - Internal Research | NIOSH | CDC
Aerosols - Internal Research | NIOSH | CDC (cdc.gov)
Tracking Anthrax | PBS NewsHour
Tracking Anthrax | PBS NewsHour (pbs.org)
Did the military secretly doctor the anthrax vaccine?
Did the military secretly doctor the anthrax vaccine? (slate.com)
COVID-19: Drug targets enzymes that enable virus to invade cells
COVID-19: Drug targets enzymes that enable virus to invade cells (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dihydrofolate reductase - Wikipedia
Dihydrofolate reductase - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)