Anthocyanins. Medical search

A group of FLAVONOIDS derived from FLAVONOLS, which lack the ketone oxygen at the 4-position. They are glycosylated versions of cyanidin, pelargonidin or delphinidin. The conjugated bonds result in blue, red, and purple colors in flowers of plants.

A plant species of the family VACCINIUM.

The rose plant family in the order ROSALES and class Magnoliopsida. They are generally woody plants. A number of the species of this family contain cyanogenic compounds.

Several plant species of the genus VACCINIUM known for the edible blueberry fruit.

Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.

The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.

A plant species of the genus IPOMOEA, family CONVOLVULACEAE. Some cultivars are sweet and edible whereas bitter varieties are a source of SAPONINS. This sweet potato is sometimes referred to as a yam (DIOSCOREA).

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE. The common names of chokeberry or chokecherry are also used for some species of PRUNUS.

A plant genus in the family VITACEAE, order Rhamnales, subclass Rosidae. It is a woody vine cultivated worldwide. It is best known for grapes, the edible fruit and used to make WINE and raisins.

A plant genus of the family GROSSULARIACEAE. GAMMA-LINOLENIC ACID is obtained from the black currant oil of the seeds.

A plant genus of the family ROSACEAE known for the edible fruit.

A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE, order Rosales, subclass Rosidae. It is best known as a source of the edible fruit (apple) and is cultivated in temperate climates worldwide.

A plant genus in the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE known for elderberries.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A plant species of the family VACCINIUM known for the sour fruit which is sometimes used for urinary tract infections.

The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.

Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.

A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains antifungal plant defensin.

A plant genus of the family CISTACEAE. The common name of rock rose is also sometimes used with the closely related Helianthemum genus (CISTACEAE).

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

A plant genus of the family Gentianaceae whose members contain SECOIRIDOIDS and have been used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE for suppressing INFLAMMATION.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain steroidal glycosides.

The visually perceived property of objects created by absorption or reflection of specific wavelengths of light.

A group of phenyl benzopyrans named for having structures like FLAVONES.

A plant family of the order Myrtales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida composed of tropical plants with parallel-nerved leaves.

Sets of enzymatic reactions occurring in organisms and that form biochemicals by making new covalent bonds.

A plant genus in the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. The common name derives from its traditional use for menstrual cramps. It is a source of viburnine, valerianic acid, vibsanin, and ursolic acid. Note that true cranberry is VACCINIUM MACROCARPON.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

A plant genus of the family CORNACEAE. It is widely cultivated for the attractive flowers.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A plant genus of the family SAPINDACEAE that bears sweet fruits. Unusual fatty acids such as cyclopropanoic fatty acids have been identified in the seeds.

A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. Members contain dianthins, which are ribosome inactivating proteins.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.

The science of drugs prepared from natural-sources including preparations from PLANTS, animals, and other organisms as well as MINERALS and other substances included in MATERIA MEDICA. The therapeutic usage of plants is PHYTOTHERAPY.

A plant genus of the family ERICACEAE known for species with edible fruits.

A plant genus in the family ROSACEAE and order Rosales. This should not be confused with the genus RHODIOLA which is sometimes called roseroot.

A plant genus of the family Phrymaceae. Members contain 6-geranylflavanones and mimulone.

Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.

A plant genus of the family RANUNCULACEAE. Members contain ACONITINE and other diterpenoid alkaloids.

Patterns of evolutionary rate variation among genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. (1/731)

The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway is responsible for the production of anthocyanin pigments in plant tissues and shares a number of enzymes with other biochemical pathways. The six core structural genes of this pathway have been cloned and characterized in two taxonomically diverse plant species (maize and snapdragon). We have recently cloned these genes for a third species, the common morning glory, Ipomoea purpurea. This additional information provides an opportunity to examine patterns of evolution among genes within a single biochemical pathway. We report here that upstream genes in the anthocyanin pathway have evolved substantially more slowly than downstream genes and suggest that this difference in evolutionary rates may be explained by upstream genes being more constrained because they participate in several different biochemical pathways. In addition, regulatory genes associated with the anthocyanin pathway tend to evolve more rapidly than the structural genes they regulate, suggesting that adaptive evolution of flower color may be mediated more by regulatory than by structural genes. Finally, for individual anthocyanin genes, we found an absence of rate heterogeneity among three major angiosperm lineages. This rate constancy contrasts with an accelerated rate of evolution of three CHS-like genes in the Ipomoea lineage, indicating that these three genes have diverged without coordinated adjustment by other pathway genes. (+info)

Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase by mRNA differential display for plant forms regarding anthocyanin. (2/731)

UDP-glucose: anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5-GT) is responsible for the modification of anthocyanins to more stable molecules in complexes for co-pigmentation, supposedly resulting in a purple hue. The cDNA encoding 5-GT was isolated by a differential display applied to two different forms of anthocyanin production in Perilla frutescens var. crispa. Differential display was carried out for mRNA from the leaves of reddish-purple and green forms of P. frutescens, resulting in the isolation of five cDNA clones predominantly expressed in the red form. The cDNA encoded a polypeptide of 460 amino acids, exhibiting a low homology with the sequences of several glucosyltransferases including UDP-glucose: anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase. By using this cDNA as the probe, we also isolated a homologous cDNA clone from a petal cDNA library of Verbena hybrida. To identify the biochemical function of the encoded proteins, these cDNAs were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The recombinant proteins in the yeast extracts catalyzed the conversion of anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosides into the corresponding anthocyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucosides using UDP-glucose as a cofactor, indicating the identity of the cDNAs encoding 5-GT. Several biochemical properties (optimum pH, Km values, and sensitivity to inhibitors) were similar to those reported previously for 5-GTs. Southern blot analysis indicated the presence of two copies of 5-GT genes in the genome of both red and green forms of P. frutescens. The mRNA accumulation of the 5-GT gene was detected in the leaves of the red form but not in those of the green form and was induced by illumination of light, as observed for other structural genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis in P. frutescens. (+info)

Regulation of mitochondrial KATP channel by redox agents. (3/731)

The ATP-dependent K+ channel (KATP) was purified from the inner mitochondrial membrane and reconstituted into lipid bilayer membranes. KATP activity was inhibited by high concentrations of ATP and ADP, but activated by low concentrations (up to 200 microM) of ADP. p-Diethylaminoethylbenzoate (DEB) acted as a KATP opener: at micromolar concentrations, it reversed inhibition by ATP and ADP and it also prevented KATP rundown. Pelargonidine, extracted from flowers of Pelargonium, reduced spontaneous activity of KATP channels and diminished their potentiation by DEB. Their opposite action on KATP corresponded with their opposite redox properties in reactions with free radicals: DEB behaved as an electron donor, whereas pelargonidine acted as an electron acceptor. We hypothesize that thiol groups on mitoKATP are targets for redox-active ligans. (+info)

Antimutagenicity of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) roots. (4/731)

Antimutagenicity of the water extracts prepared from the storage roots of four varieties of sweetpotato with different flesh colors was investigated using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. The extract from the whole roots of the purple-colored Ayamurasaki variety effectively decreased the reverse mutation induced not only by Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, IQ, B[a]P, and 4-NQO but also by dimethyl sulfoxide extracts of grilled beef. Comparison of the inhibitory activity of the extracts from the normal Ayamurasaki and its anthocyanin-deficient mutant one suggested that the anthocyanin pigment in the flesh decreases the mutagenic activity of the mutagens as heterocyclic amines. Two anthocyanin pigments purified from purple-colored sweet-potato, 3-(6,6'-caffeylferulylsophoroside)-5-glucoside of cyanidin (YGM-3) and peonidin (YGM-6) effectively inhibited the reverse mutation induced by heterocyclic amines, Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, and IQ in the presence of rat liver microsomal activation systems. (+info)

Absorption and metabolism of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside in rats. (5/731)

We have clarified for the first time how cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (C3G), which is a potent antioxidant anthocyanin, is absorbed and metabolized in vivo. Rats were orally administered C3G (0.9 mmol/kg body weight), and C3G rapidly appeared in the plasma. However, the aglycon of C3G (cyanidin; Cy) was not detected, although it was present in the jejunum. Protocatechuic acid (PC), which may be produced by degradation of Cy, was present in the plasma and the concentration was 8-fold higher than that of C3G. These results suggest that plasma PC and C3G may contribute to the antioxidant activity of the plasma. In the liver and kidney, C3G was metabolized to methylated C3G (methyl-C3G), suggesting that C3G and/or methyl-C3G act as antioxidants in the tissues. (+info)

Hyperoxia-induced changes in antioxidant capacity and the effect of dietary antioxidants. (6/731)

We investigated, by measuring oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), whether hyperoxia causes alterations in antioxidant status and whether these alterations could be modulated by dietary antioxidants. Rats were fed for 8 wk a control diet or a control diet supplemented with vitamin E (500 IU/kg) or with aqueous extracts (ORAC: 1.36 mmol Trolox equivalents/kg) from blueberries or spinach and then were exposed to air or >99% O2 for 48 h. Although the constituents of the extracts were not extensively characterized, HPLC indicated that blueberry extract was particularly rich in anthocyanins, and the spinach extract did not contain any anthocyanins. The ORAC was determined in samples without proteins [serum treated with perchloric acid (PCA); ORACPCA] and with proteins (ORACtot). Hyperoxia induced a decrease in serum protein concentration, an increase in serum ORACPCA, decreases in lung ORACPCA and ORACtot, and an equilibration of proteins and ORACPCA between serum and pleural effusion. These alterations suggested a redistribution of antioxidants between tissues and an increase in capillary permeability during hyperoxia. Only the blueberry extract was effective in alleviating the hyperoxia-induced redistribution of antioxidants between tissues. (+info)

Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (7/731)

The preventive effects of nasunin (delphinidin-3-[4-p-coumaroyl-rhamnosyl(1-->6)glucosid e]-5-glucoside) on paraquat-induced oxidative stress were determined in rats. Decreased food intake and body weight gain and increased lung weight by feeding the rats a diet containing paraquat were clearly suppressed by supplementing nasunin to the paraquat diet. Paraquat feeding increased the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) in liver lipids and the atherogenic index, and decreased the liver triacylglycerol level. These effects were also suppressed by supplementing nasunin to the paraquat diet. In addition, catalase activity in the liver mitochondrial fraction was markedly decreased by feeding the paraquat diet, this decrease being partially suppressed by supplementing the paraquat diet with nasunin. These results suggest that nasunin acted preventively against the oxidative stress in vivo that may have been due to active oxygen species formed through the action of paraquat. (+info)

ANTHOCYANINLESS2, a homeobox gene affecting anthocyanin distribution and root development in Arabidopsis. (8/731)

The ANTHOCYANINLESS2 (ANL2) gene was isolated from Arabidopsis by using the maize Enhancer-Inhibitor transposon tagging system. Sequencing of the ANL2 gene showed that it encodes a homeodomain protein belonging to the HD-GLABRA2 group. As we report here, this homeobox gene is involved in the accumulation of anthocyanin and in root development. Histological observations of the anl2 mutant revealed that the accumulation of anthocyanin was greatly suppressed in subepidermal cells but only slightly reduced in epidermal cells. Furthermore, the primary roots of the anl2 mutant showed an aberrant cellular organization. We discuss a possible role of ANL2 in the accumulation of anthocyanin and cellular organization of the primary root. (+info)

Anthocyanins generally are degraded at higher pH. However, some anthocyanins, such as petanin (petunidin 3-[6-O-(4-O-(E)-p- ... Anthocyanins and betalains have never been found in the same plant. Sometimes bred purposely for high anthocyanin content, ... The anthocyanins are subdivided into the sugar-free anthocyanidin aglycones and the anthocyanin glycosides. As of 2003, more ... Some of the colors of autumn leaves are derived from anthocyanins. Anthocyanins belong to a parent class of molecules called ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin

Primulin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-galactoside of malvidin. It can be found in Primula sinensis. The first crystalline ... O-methylated anthocyanins, Flavonoid galactosides, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primulin_(anthocyanin)

... s are formed during wine ageing through reactions between anthocyanins and tannins present in grape ... "Influence of structure on the ionisation constants of anthocyanin and anthocyanin-like wine pigments". Analytica Chimica Acta. ... This type of compound has a better color stability at pH 5.5 than normal anthocyanins. When the pH was increased from 2.2 to ... Phenolic content in wine Wine color v t e (Flavanols, Anthocyanins, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavanol-anthocyanin_adduct

p-Coumaroylated anthocyanins are a type of anthocyanins with a p-coumaric acid unit linked with a sugar to an anthocyanidin ... only glucosylated anthocyanins. Anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase is an enzyme that uses hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA and ... "Anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase from Gentiana triflora Purification, characterization and its role in anthocyanin ... Red-berries vines of the Pinot varieties are known to not synthesize acetylated or para-coumaroylated anthocyanins, as other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Coumaroylated_anthocyanin

In enzymology, an anthocyanin 6"-O-malonyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.171) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction malonyl- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin_6"-O-malonyltransferase

... is an enzyme that forms anthocyanin 3,5-O-diglucoside from anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside. There ... This phenomenon is due to a double mutation in the anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase gene of V. vinifera. In the mid-20th ... The European vine family Vitis vinifera is characterized by anthocyanins that are composed of only one molecule of glucose ... v t e (Transferases, Anthocyanins metabolism, All stub articles, Enzyme stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin_5-O-glucosyltransferase

In enzymology, an anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.153) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... Portal: Biology v t e (EC 2.3.1, Enzymes of unknown structure, Anthocyanins metabolism, All stub articles, EC 2.3 stubs). ... Fujiwara H, Tanaka Y, Fukui Y, Nakao M, Ashikari T, Kusumi T (1997). "Anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase from Gentiana ... triflora Purification, characterization and its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis". Eur. J. Biochem. 249 (1): 45-51. doi:10.1111 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin_5-aromatic_acyltransferase

... an anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucoside Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and anthocyanin, whereas its two ... Anthocyanin 3′-O-Glucosyltransferase, a Key Enzyme for Blue Anthocyanin Biosynthesis, from Gentian". Plant Physiol. 132 (3): ... In enzymology, an anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.238) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-D-glucosyltransferase. Other names in common use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin_3'-O-beta-glucosyltransferase

In enzymology, an anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.172) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical ... Nakao M, Tanaka Y, Yamaguchi MA, Kusumi T, Nishino T (2001). "Malonyl-CoA:anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside-6"'-O-malonyltransferase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin_5-O-glucoside_6'''-O-malonyltransferase

Anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside 6″-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase is an enzyme forming delphinidin 3-(6-p-coumaroyl)glucoside from ... It is an enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. It can be isolated from Perilla frutescens. Delphinidin 3-(6-p- ... Fujiwara H, Tanaka Y, Fukui Y, Ashikari T, Yamaguchi M, Kusumi T (1998). "Purification and characterization of anthocyanin 3- ... anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside-6"-O-acyltransferase from Perilla frutescens". Plant & Cell Physiology. 41 (4): 495-502. doi:10.1093/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthocyanin_3-O-glucoside_6''-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase

... is an anthocyanin pigment that is responsible for the red colouration of roses, but in cornflowers is blue. The ... but the pigment in the blue cornflower has been shown to be a supermolecular pigment consisting of anthocyanin, flavone, one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocyanin

Bate-smith recommended in 1954 the use of the Forestal solvent for the isolation of leuco-anthocyanins. Leucoanthocyanidin ... Werner Heller, Lothar Britsch, Gert Forkmann and Hans Grisebach, 1984 Bate-SMITH, EC (September 1954). "Leuco-anthocyanins. 1. ... Leucoanthocyanidin (flavan-3,4-diols) are colorless chemical compounds related to anthocyanidins and anthocyanins. ... Detection and identification of anthocyanidins formed leuco-anthocyanins in plant tissues". Biochem. J. 58 (1): 122-5. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucoanthocyanidin

Bate-Smith, EC (1954). "Leuco-anthocyanins. 1. Detection and identification of anthocyanidins formed leuco-anthocyanins in ... Bate-smith recommended the use of the Forestal solvent for the isolation of leuco-anthocyanins in 1954. In 1973, he suggested ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Charles_Bate-Smith

... especially anthocyanins. Total polyphenol content is 1752 mg per 100 g dry weight, anthocyanin content is 1480 mg per 100 g dry ... 2006). "Concentrations of anthocyanins in common foods in the United States and estimation of normal consumption". Journal of ... "Anthocyanins FAQ". MadSci Network. 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014. Neveu V; et al. (2010). "Phenol-Explorer: an online ... Wu X, Gu L, Prior RL, McKay S (2004). "Characterization of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in some cultivars of Ribes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aronia

It is useful for isolating anthocyanins in room-temperature chromatography using standard filter paper. Bate-Smith, E. C. (Sep ... ISBN 0-444-51108-3 (2004) (retrieved via google books 9/27/2010) (Solvents, Chromatography, Anthocyanins). ... 1954). "Leuco-Anthocyanins". Biochem. J. 58 (1): 122-125. doi:10.1042/bj0580122. PMC 1269852. PMID 13198862. Pecket, R.C. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestal

F.J. Francis and Pericles C. Markakis (1989). "Food colorants: Anthocyanins". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicianose

To create the plants the project will utilize the existing anthocyanins in petunia. Anthocyanins color many flowers and fruits ... The color of the anthocyanins will be controlled using circadian rhythms, an internal clock system found in many organisms that ... Andersen, Øyvind M.; Jordheim, Monica (2008). "Anthocyanins- food applications". 5th Pigments in Food congress- for quality and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_Bioengineering

Yoshitama, Kunijiro (1972). "A survey of anthocyanins in sprouting leaves of some Japanese angiosperms studies on anthocyanins ... Chrysanthemin is an anthocyanin. It is the 3-glucoside of cyanidin. Chrysanthemin can be found in the roselle plant (Hibiscus ... Anthocyanins isolated from purple corn (Zea mays L.). Hiromitsu Aoki, Noriko Kuze and Yoshiaki Kato (article Archived 2013-10- ... It is the major anthocyanin in purple corn (Zea mays). Purple corn is approved in Japan and listed in the "Existing Food ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysanthemin

Francis, F.J.; Markakis, Pericles C. (1989). "Food colorants: Anthocyanins". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 28 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambubiose

The anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is now well known and most of the enzymes are characterised. In the formation of blue ... Main anthocyanin here is delphinidin-3-glucoside what should result in the blue flower formation, but cultivars with red and ... Typical metals in anthocyanin complexes are iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), copper (Cu), potassium (K) and tin (Sn ... Interesting is that the same anthocyanin when is not in complex with the metal ions is present in red rose petals. Fuzzy metal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basics_of_blue_flower_colouration

V. Growth and Anthocyanin Production by Callus Cultures of Dimorphotheca". American Journal of Botany. 69 (8): 1340-1345. doi: ... Ball, Ernest A.; Harborne, Jeffrey B.; Arditti, Joseph (1972). "Anthocyanins of Dimorphotheca (Compositae). I. Identity of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Aubrey_Ball

Wallace TC, Giusti MM (2013). Anthocyanins in Health and Disease Prevention. New York, NY: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1439894712. ... Wallace, Taylor C. (2011-01-01). "Anthocyanins in Cardiovascular Disease". Advances in Nutrition. 2 (1): 1-7. doi:10.3945/an. ... Wallace, Taylor C. (January 1, 2011). "Anthocyanins in Cardiovascular Disease". Advances in Nutrition. 2 (1): 1-7. doi:10.3945/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Wallace

Commonly, blue colours in plants are anthocyanins: "the largest group of water-soluble pigments found widespread in the plant ... Anthocyanins: Biosynthesis, Functions, and Applications. Springer. p. 283. ISBN 978-0-387-77334-6. Umbers, Kate D. L. (2013). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue

Identification and Quantification of Anthocyanins". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 56 (26): 9820-6. doi:10.1021/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiogynium_timoriense

Anthocyanins are the largest group of water-soluble pigments in the plant kingdom and belong to the family of compounds known ... Anthocyanins are under basic research to understand if they have any biological role in humans. Missouri wine Virginia wine Ed ... Notable for deep blue-purple pigmentation, the skin of Norton grapes has a higher content of total anthocyanins (888 mg per 100 ... Mazza GJ (2007). "Anthocyanins and heart health" (PDF). Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità. 43 (4): 369-74. PMID 18209270 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_(grape)

Thimann, Kenneth V.; Edmondson, Yvette H.; Radner, Babette S. (1951-12-01). "The biogenesis of the anthocyanins. III. The role ... of sugars in anthocyanin formation". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 34 (2): 305-323. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(51)90010-0 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvette_Hardman_Edmondson

Anthocyanins range in color from red to purple to green, blue and yellow, depending upon the level of their pH. Anthocyanins ... In flowers, the purple anthocyanins help attract insects who pollinate the flowers. Not all anthocyanins are purple; they vary ... Anthocyanins produce the purple color in blood oranges. A purple pansy. "Blue" hydrangea is often actually purple. Purple ... The purple colors of this cauliflower, grapes, fruits, vegetables and flowers comes from natural pigments called anthocyanins. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple

Stimulation of synthesis of anthocyanins. Stimulation of chloroplasts development from etioplasts. This process is regulated by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiolation

Anthocyanins and flavonoids located in the cell vacuoles are responsible for other colors of pigment. The term "chromoplast" is ... 5.Anthocyanin;- yellow or purple color. Leucoplast Amyloplast Elaioplast Proteinoplast Whatley JM, Whatley FR (1987). "When is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromoplast

"Food-Info.net : Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins". Chemical study of bark from Commiphora angolensis Engl. Cardoso Do Vale, J., ... Petunidin is referred as E165f, E163 and following numbers corresponding to anthocyanins in the food coloring E number list. ... Petunidin could form in the exocarp of fruits from delphinidin, with an anthocyanin flavonoid O-methyltransferase (Catechol-O- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petunidin

Characteristics of anthocyanins. What are anthocyanins?. Anthocyanins are blue, dark red or purple pigments that plants contain ... Cherries contain a lot of anthocyanins. Sources of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are pigments found in some fruits ranging from ... Photo of blackberries, rich in anthocyanins. Properties of anthocyanins. * For the eyes: Their main task is to protect the ... Anthocyanins are recommended for people with diabetes for its protective role of the capillaries of the eyes. Suitable for ...

https://www.botanical-online.com/en/diet/anthocyanins

Reproduction of articles for non-commercial educational or research use granted without request if credit to The Ohio State University and The Ohio Academy of Science is given ...

https://kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/4539

The accumulation of anthocyanin is a visible and easily measured change in ripening strawberry fruit. This accumulation of ... This accumulation of anthocyanin is accompanied by increases in the activities of two enzymes which form part of the ... The accumulation of anthocyanin is a visible and easily measured change in ripening strawberry fruit. ... Cloning and molecular characterization of regulatory genes controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in the strawberry ripening ...

https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/FMBI950435

The anthocyanin subclass comprises the most important plant pigments, responsible for orange, red and blue colours in plants ... Montironi, E., Costantini, E., Mezzetti, B., Mourgues, F. and Rosati, C. (2009). ENGINEERING STRAWBERRY ANTHOCYANIN LEVELS BY ... 842_93 ENGINEERING STRAWBERRY ANTHOCYANIN LEVELS BY TRANSFORMATION WITH LATE FLAVONOID PATHWAY GENES ...

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/842_93

Minimal pruning and severe trimming as two helpful techniques to increase the anthocyanin : sugars ratio in grapes. F. MARTÍNEZ ... Minimal pruning and severe trimming as two helpful techniques to increase the anthocyanin : sugars ratio in grapes ... Minimal pruning and severe trimming as two helpful techniques to increase the anthocyanin : sugars ratio in grapes ...

https://www.infowine.com/en/variety_environment/minimal_pruning_and_severe_trimming_as_two_helpful_techniques_to_increase_the_anthocyanin__sugars_ratio_in_grapes_sc_13327f2xi96.htm

Tag: anthocyanins. Why Are Plant Foods So Important?. By now youve heard over and over that eating a plant-based/plant-forward ... anthocyanins antioxidants Bacteria blood pressure Brain health Cancer Carbs cholesterol chronic disease Diabetes Dieting ...

https://knowfooddiet.com/tag/anthocyanins/

NIRS and iSPA-PLS for predicting total anthocyanin content in jaboticaba fruit. Author(s): *Torres Mariani, Nathalia Cristina ... as a feasible method to determine the total anthocyanin content (TAC) of intact jaboticaba fruit [Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) ...

https://acervodigital.unesp.br/handle/11449/129156

Today we will look at a group of micronutrients called anthocyanins.. What Are Anthocyanins?. The word anthocyanin derives from ... Are Anthocyanins Good For You?. All signs point to yes, a diet rich in anthocyanins is good for you.. Research is still ... Research strongly implies that diets rich in anthocyanins may improve health.. Which Foods Contain Anthocyanins?. You may have ... The study concluded that "a higher consumption of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich fruit was associated with a lower risk of ...

https://ancientchoice.com/blogs/news/everything-you-need-to-know-about-anthocyanins

Product descriptionBilberry is a perennial, ornamental shrub that is commonly found in various climates in damp woodl and moorlands.In the United States they are known as huckleberries, and there..

https://jhdnutrasource.com/billberry-extract-anthocyanin-25.html

Tag Archives: anthocyanin. Potato growing & processing in China. Posted on May 27, 2014. by Peter Peverelli ... Posted in Uncategorized , Tagged anthocyanin, Aviko, Bidetu, cassave starch, Chakchak, China, Conagra, corn starch, Farm Frites ... produced using natural anthocyanin. It is interesting to observe that an innovative product like Chak Chak can beat a generic ... Posts about anthocyanin written by Peter Peverelli ...

https://chinafoodingredients.com/tag/anthocyanin/

Impact of molar absorbance on anthocyanin content of the foods. Impact of molar absorbance on anthocyanin content of the foods ... Anthocyanins are present in bright colored fruit and vegetables with growing evidence for their health benefits. Several ... This study collated and compared existing Æ values for a range of anthocyanin-3-glucosides, measured new Æ values for these ... The Æ values used for the determination of anthocyanin content in Australian blueberries, were shown to greatly affect the ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-35381541

Bioactive Properties and Potential Health Benefits of Blueberries and Anthocyanins Article Sidebar. PDF ... Recent interest has focused on the potential of naturally occurring flavonoids known as anthocyanins to provide an array of ... Consequently, anthocyanins demonstrate unique abilities to reduce risk of cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular ... Bioactive Properties and Potential Health Benefits of Blueberries and Anthocyanins. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 5, n ...

https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/985

... and anthocyanins, and maintain a lower activity of PPO and higher activities of POD and CAT. As far as we know, this is the ... total phenolics and anthocyanins, and maintain lower activity of PPO and higher activities of POD and CAT. As far as we know, ... A) Effect on the soluble solids content, (B) effect on the total phenolics content, and (C) effect on the anthocyanins content ... You, Q., Wang, B. W., Chen, F., Huang, Z. L., Wang, X., and Luo, P. G. (2011). Comparison of anthocyanins and phenolics in ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.898994/full

The structure of anthocyanins, the antioxidant pigments from a range of fruit and vegetables, is key to the cancer fighting ... Anthocyanins and colon cancer: Structure is key, says study 19-Sep-2008. By Stephen Daniells ...

https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/tag/keyword/Food/Colon%20cancer

Breakthrough in anthocyanin extraction from red cabbage 02-Aug-2012. By Rod Addy ... Scientists have found a way to extract purer and more stable anthocyanins from red cabbage, according to a study published this ... Purac touts its lactic acid ingredient for stabilising anthocyanin colours 24-Sep-2012. ... that the companys natural purified lactic acid ingredient reduces the fading of natural red-purple colours from anthocyanins ...

https://www.foodnavigator.com/Trends/Natural-and-clean-label?page=26

Flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis was not significantly affected by mineral components. As a result, a predictive ... Anthocyanins. 1. Organ × Genotype. 77.15. 0.51. 19.70. 6, 35. 2.37. Flavanols. 1. Mg2+ × Organ. 78.04. 1.16. 12.63. 9, 32. 2.19 ... For flavonol and anthocyanin contents, only one model was generated in both cases, represented by the interaction genotype × ... Flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis was not significantly affected by mineral components. As a result, a predictive ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2430

Tan, Keng Hao (2013) Antioxidant Activity of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) in Correlation to Anthocyanin. Final Year Project ...

https://eprints.tarc.edu.my/9928/

The antioxidant activity and polyphenol and anthocyanin contents of wild tropical fruit and commercial frozen fruit pulps in ... Wild fruits and pulps of frozen fruits: antioxidant activity, polyphenols and anthocyanins. ...

https://www.cabi.org/horticulture/search/?q=&topics=247dcf2f-1ebc-45c5-b82a-9d2649a72bc8&rows=10&sort=Relevance&facets=1&facet1f=Language+&facet1v=Portuguese

Anthocyanins / chemistry * Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology* * Antioxidants / pharmacology * Apolipoproteins A / blood * ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23519910/

A new experimental procedure to calculate all equilibrium constants of the multistate of species of anthocyanins and related ... N2 - A new experimental procedure to calculate all equilibrium constants of the multistate of species of anthocyanins and ... AB - A new experimental procedure to calculate all equilibrium constants of the multistate of species of anthocyanins and ... New Procedure to Calculate All Equilibrium Constants in Flavylium Compounds: Application to the Copigmentation of Anthocyanins. ...

https://novaresearch.unl.pt/en/publications/new-procedure-to-calculate-all-equilibrium-constants-in-flavylium

Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of color expression in anthocyanins. Journal article published in 2019 by Mariami ... Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of color expression in anthocyanins}, url = {https://oadoi.org/10.1039/c9cp00747d}, volume ...

https://dissem.in/p/111997736/unraveling-the-molecular-mechanisms-of-color-expression-in-anthocyanins/

Anthocyanins. Toxicity profile. BIBRA Toxicol Int 1991;6.. *Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Carey RN, et al. Anaphylaxis recurrent ... Zu XY, Zhang ZY, Zhang XW, Yoshioka M, Yang YN, Li J. Anthocyanins extracted from Chinese blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) ... Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside isolated from skin of black Glycine max and other anthocyanins isolated from skin of red grape ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/472.html

Variation and heritability estimates for antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and anthocyanin content in blueberry ... and anthocyanin content in blueberry progenies. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/variation-and-heritability-estimates-for-antioxidant-activity-tot/fingerprints/

This research presents that the higher temperature results on higher extracted anthocyanin. In addition, it was found that pH 2 ... Kinetics of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanin from Purple Roselle Calyces under different pH Conditions ... 4, 2018 » Kinetics of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanin from Purple Roselle Calyces under different pH Conditions ... was preferable for obtaining greater anthocyanin content. Employing the second-order kinetics model in this research confirmed ...

http://science2016.lp.edu.ua/chcht/kinetics-ultrasound-assisted-extraction-anthocyanin-purple-roselle-calyces-under-different-ph

Changing negative perceptions about GMOs? Gene-edited purple tomato with great taste, longer shelf life and as much anthocyanin ... longer shelf life and as much anthocyanin as blueberries is one of many new GM foods ...

http://www.gruenevernunft.de/?q=print/11064

Effects of anthocyanin-rich supplementation on cognition of the cognitively healthy middle-aged and older adults: a systematic ... Anthocyanin-rich supplementation was found to significantly improve the processing speed of the older adults (95%CI 0.08, 0.44 ... Effects of anthocyanin-rich supplementation on cognition of the cognitively healthy middle-aged and older adults: a systematic ... Anthocyanin, as a subclass of dietary flavonoids, may have a beneficial impact on cognitive outcomes. ...

https://www.longevity-ai.com/blog/effects-of-anthocyanin-rich-supplementation-on-cognition-of-the-cognitively-healthy-middle-aged-and-older-adults-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials

Apart from a role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, these putative structural genes also played an important role in light, drought ... The recently released wheat genome mining putatively identified eight structural genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway ... The information can assist in targeted anthocyanin production in the wheat seed endosperm. ... but the information available on the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes is very minimal. The study involved their genome-wide ...

https://www2.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/4/809/htm

Anthocyanins are also antioxidants, with a variety of healthful properties.). Takeda says the Rubired grape is only grown in ... The colors come in crystal and liquid forms. SJVC also sells anthocyanins - the blue, purple or red pigments - in those fruits ...

https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/102752/move-over-yellow-6-more-natural-colors-from-plants-are-coming

The diet included flavans, anthocyanins, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, and resveratrol. The diet also included 0.33 g of ...

https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/food-technology-magazine/issues/2003/october/columns/nutraceuticals-and-functional-foods

Blueberries, purple carrots, red cabbage - these all get their beautiful color from our good friends, the anthocyanins. (ancientchoice.com)
The Æ values used for the determination of anthocyanin content in Australian blueberries , were shown to greatly affect the estimated total anthocyanin . (bvsalud.org)

Recent interest has focused on the potential of naturally occurring flavonoids known as anthocyanins to provide an array of health benefits in humans. (esmed.org)
Anthocyanin, as a subclass of dietary flavonoids, may have a beneficial impact on cognitive outcomes. (longevity-ai.com)

Together with a diet for the heart, foods rich in anthocyanins are keen to prevent and treat cardiovascular problems both in people with a family history, and in patients with high cholesterol , hypertension or arteriosclerosis. (botanical-online.com)
All signs point to yes, a diet rich in anthocyanins is good for you. (ancientchoice.com)
Research strongly implies that diets rich in anthocyanins may improve health. (ancientchoice.com)
The participants had an average age of 46, ranging from 18-75 years old and found that across all controls, a diet rich in anthocyanins led to improved heart health! (ancientchoice.com)
Research shows that eating a diet rich in anthocyanins may be helpful. (ancientchoice.com)
A 2008 study found that Japanese plum juice, rich in anthocyanins, was effective in battling the influenza A and B, H1N1, H3N2, H3N2 viruses ( 8 ). (ancientchoice.com)

In conclusion, increased dietary anthocyanin consumption represents a safe, economical, and important method of reducing incidence of chronic disease in humans and may even serve as non-pharmacologic treatment for such diseases. (esmed.org)
Objectives: To examine the effects of dietary anthocyanin supplementation on cognition of the cognitively healthy middle-aged and older adults. (longevity-ai.com)

The anthocyanin subclass comprises the most important plant pigments, responsible for orange, red and blue colours in plants and having antioxidant activity. (ishs.org)
Wild fruits and pulps of frozen fruits: antioxidant activity, polyphenols and anthocyanins. (cabi.org)
The antioxidant activity and polyphenol and anthocyanin contents of wild tropical fruit and commercial frozen fruit pulps in southern Brazil, were investigated. (cabi.org)
Fruits from different cultivars of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) were evaluated for fruit quality, antioxidant activity, and anthocyanin and phenolic contents. (cdc.gov)

Critical review of these selected papers indicates that anthocyanins function as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and modulators of vascular performance and immune function. (esmed.org)

This accumulation of anthocyanin is accompanied by increases in the activities of two enzymes which form part of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and uridine diphosphate glucose: flavonoid 03-glucosyltransferase (UDPGFT). (europa.eu)
The aim of this project is the molecular cloning and functional characterization of genes that are involved in the regulation of the genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (Myb transcriptional factors). (europa.eu)
Colored wheat has gained enormous attention from the scientific community, but the information available on the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes is very minimal. (mdpi.com)

Chemical, biochemical and physiological factors influence the composition of the retronasal aroma during wine consumption, but not only tannins influence mouthfeel: anthocyanins do too. (infowine.com)

The fruit soluble solids, titratable acids, antioxidant capacity, and anthocyanin and phenolic contents varied with cultivars. (cdc.gov)

And the other oligo corresponds to the DNA binding sequence of the an2 gene, a petunia homologuos of the Cl gene of maize, that has been shown to be involved in the control of a set of structural anthocyanin genes in the limb of the petal from petunia flowers. (europa.eu)

Anthocyanins are red, blue, and purple pigments found in plants with antioxidant properties. (ancientchoice.com)

Meanwhile, ozone fumigation treatment could prevent the loss of fruit firmness, slow down the decrease of soluble solids, total phenolics, and anthocyanins, and maintain a lower activity of PPO and higher activities of POD and CAT. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, this work also found that ozone fumigation treatment could delay the spoilage, prevent the loss of fruit firmness, inhibit the decrease of soluble solids, total phenolics, and anthocyanins, and maintain lower polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and higher peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities of blueberry to prolong the blueberry storage life. (frontiersin.org)

Anthocyanins are blue, dark red or purple pigments that plants contain. (botanical-online.com)

It was also found that the increase in a fruit anthocyanins determined as this mature, so one should not eat these fruits ripe. (botanical-online.com)
As you may have guessed, anthocyanins are responsible for giving blue and purple color to many of your favorite fruits, vegetables, and flowers. (ancientchoice.com)
Anthocyanins are commonly found in fruits and vegetables with red, blue, purple, or black colors. (ancientchoice.com)

The mechanisms for these health benefits are not fully understood, but they are likely at least partially due to the antioxidant properties of anthocyanins. (ancientchoice.com)
The purpose of this review was to examine the current literature database and provide an update of the health benefits and potential mechanisms associated with ingestion of anthocyanins in humans. (esmed.org)
This review provides useful insights to guide direction and methodological designs for future studies to explore the underlying mechanisms of anthocyanins. (longevity-ai.com)

This study collated and compared existing Æ values for a range of anthocyanin -3- glucosides , measured new Æ values for these compounds and underwent an inter- laboratory validation of spectrometry methods . (bvsalud.org)
A new experimental procedure to calculate all equilibrium constants of the multistate of species of anthocyanins and related compounds, including those in basic medium, is reported. (unl.pt)

That's probably a question best answered by more research, but the point stands: anthocyanins likely have a role in preventing cardiovascular disease. (ancientchoice.com)
Consequently, anthocyanins demonstrate unique abilities to reduce risk of cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. (esmed.org)

In humans, anthocyanins have properties to restore the health of the capillaries . (botanical-online.com)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the successive projection algorithm for interval selection in partial least squares (iSPA-PLS) together with near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a feasible method to determine the total anthocyanin content (TAC) of intact jaboticaba fruit [Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell. (unesp.br)
A study published in 2014 found that berry extracts high in anthocyanin content stopped the growth of the CV-B1 and influenza viruses ( 7 ). (ancientchoice.com)
Impact of molar absorbance on anthocyanin content of the foods. (bvsalud.org)
Several methods exist in the literature to measure the total monomeric anthocyanin content in foods . (bvsalud.org)
In addition, it was found that pH 2 was preferable for obtaining greater anthocyanin content. (edu.ua)

The accumulation of anthocyanin is a visible and easily measured change in ripening strawberry fruit. (europa.eu)
Anthocyanins are present in bright colored fruit and vegetables with growing evidence for their health benefits . (bvsalud.org)
The structure of anthocyanins, the antioxidant pigments from a range of fruit and vegetables, is key to the cancer fighting abilities, reports a new study from the US. (nutraingredients-usa.com)

Significant differences in the Æ values were observed when measured at 520 nm, or their absorbance maximum and substantial difference in the estimated total anthocyanins were observed when expressed as equivalent of cya-3-glu or mal-3-glu. (bvsalud.org)

300mL of Arepa performance drink (blackcurrant-based, polyphenol-rich beverage available on the market containing approximately 300mg of anthocyanins, 200mg of L-theanine, and 150mg of Enzogenol) or a taste- and colour-matched 300mL placebo. (who.int)

The word anthocyanin derives from the Greek words anthos (flower) and kyanos (blue). (ancientchoice.com)

One study, published in The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, found that anthocyanin intake was associated with lower arterial stiffness and central blood pressure ( 6 ). (ancientchoice.com)
Current neuroimaging studies have found promising effects of anthocyanin supplementation on brain activation and cerebral perfusion. (longevity-ai.com)

Which Foods Contain Anthocyanins? (ancientchoice.com)

antioxidant anthocyanins are considered to help improve the appearance of the skin. (botanical-online.com)
Anthocyanins may also improve heart health, according to several studies. (ancientchoice.com)

Are Anthocyanins Good For You? (ancientchoice.com)
The experimental procedure is described for the anthocyanin model compound 4′-hydroxyflavylium, which exhibits a peculiar behavior in moderately acidic medium, because the quinoidal base, hemiketal, and cis-chalcone have similar mole fractions at pseudo-equilibrium, permitting good discrimination among these species. (unl.pt)

Anthocyanins are recommended for people with diabetes for its protective role of the capillaries of the eyes. (botanical-online.com)

This research presents that the higher temperature results on higher extracted anthocyanin. (edu.ua)

Conclusion: Anthocyanin-rich supplementation may preserve cognitive processing speed and neuro-activities in older adults, which improves their daily functioning and quality of life. (longevity-ai.com)

Most of the anthocyanins consumed by the participants were through berries and wine. (ancientchoice.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms28

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes5

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Patterns of evolutionary rate variation among genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. (1/731)

Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase by mRNA differential display for plant forms regarding anthocyanin. (2/731)

Regulation of mitochondrial KATP channel by redox agents. (3/731)

Antimutagenicity of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) roots. (4/731)

Absorption and metabolism of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside in rats. (5/731)

Hyperoxia-induced changes in antioxidant capacity and the effect of dietary antioxidants. (6/731)

Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (7/731)

ANTHOCYANINLESS2, a homeobox gene affecting anthocyanin distribution and root development in Arabidopsis. (8/731)

Anthocyanins

Vaccinium myrtillus

Rosaceae

Blueberry Plant

Pigmentation

Fruit

Glucosides

Ipomoea batatas

Photinia

Vitis

Ribes

Fragaria

Flavonols

Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Malus

Sambucus

Plant Extracts

Plant Proteins

Flowers

Vaccinium macrocarpon

Genes, Plant

Proanthocyanidins

Solanaceae

Dahlia

Cistus

Zea mays

Gentiana

Petunia

Color

Flavonoids

Melastomataceae

Biosynthetic Pathways

Viburnum

Plants, Genetically Modified

Cornus

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Litchi

Dianthus

Plant Leaves

Arabidopsis

Wine

Pharmacognosy

Vaccinium

Rosa

Mimulus

Pigments, Biological

Delphinium

Patterns of evolutionary rate variation among genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. (1/731)

Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of a novel anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase by mRNA differential display for plant forms regarding anthocyanin. (2/731)

Regulation of mitochondrial KATP channel by redox agents. (3/731)

Antimutagenicity of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) roots. (4/731)

Absorption and metabolism of cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside in rats. (5/731)

Hyperoxia-induced changes in antioxidant capacity and the effect of dietary antioxidants. (6/731)

Protective effects of dietary nasunin on paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. (7/731)

ANTHOCYANINLESS2, a homeobox gene affecting anthocyanin distribution and root development in Arabidopsis. (8/731)

Anthocyanin

Primulin (anthocyanin)

Flavanol-anthocyanin adduct

P-Coumaroylated anthocyanin

Anthocyanin 6"-O-malonyltransferase

Anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase

Anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase

Anthocyanin 3'-O-beta-glucosyltransferase

Anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside 6'''-O-malonyltransferase

Anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside 6''-O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase

Protocyanin

Leucoanthocyanidin

Edgar Charles Bate-Smith

Aronia

Forestal

Vicianose

Revolution Bioengineering

Chrysanthemin

Sambubiose

Basics of blue flower colouration

Ernest Aubrey Ball

Taylor Wallace

Blue

Pleiogynium timoriense

Norton (grape)