Raccoon eyes

Occipital bone

Sphenoid bone

Skull fracture

Basilar skull fracture

Skull fracture

Occipital condyles

Bone fracture

Sphenoid bone

Brain herniation

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Ear

Temporal bone

Dental trauma

Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid

Sports injury

Head injury

Head injury

Bone

Bennett's fracture

Invagination3

• Cervical disease in RA usually presents itself as one of these three forms: atlantoaxial instability or subluxation, vertical instability of the axis or basilar invagination and subaxial subluxation, involved in this sequence, respectively. (clinmedjournals.org)
• OI has multiple secondary features, including macrocephaly, blue sclerae, dentinogenesis imperfecta, hearing loss, neurological defects (macrocephaly and basilar invagination), and cardiopulmonary complications (the major cause of mortality directly related to OI). (nih.gov)
• Because U brought it on by compressing the back of your neck-I would suggest an MRI (no CT scan) of cervical spine to rule out chiari malformation, and/or basilar invagination. (medhelp.org)

Spinal16

• Bones may be broken around the foramen magnum, the hole in the base of the skull through which the brain stem exits and becomes the spinal cord, creating the risk that blood vessels and nerves exiting the hole may be damaged. (wikipedia.org)
• At the base of the skull in the occipital bone there is a large oval opening called the foramen magnum, which allows the passage of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
• Through the foramen passes the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the accessory nerves, the vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, and the tectorial membrane and alar ligaments. (wikipedia.org)
• A brain malformation characterized by a small or misshapen posterior fossa (compartment in the back of the skull), and a protrusion of the structures in the back of the brain(cerebellar tonsils) into the spinal canal. (angelfire.com)
• His areas of special interest is skull base and endoscopic neurosurgery, neuro-oncology and spinal surgery. (snsa-congress.co.za)
• Professor Behari's areas of interest are Skull Base and Neuro-oncology, Complex Spinal and Craniovertebral Junction and Vascular Neurosurgery. (snsa-congress.co.za)
• There was dissection from the superior aspect of the clivus distally through the anterior foramen magnum into the ventral spinal canal. (appliedradiology.com)
• Damage to adjacent structures such as nerves, muscles or blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots (for spine fractures), or cranial contents (for skull fractures) may cause other specific signs and symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
• They conclude that even though catheter based spinal angiography has disadvantages over MRA, it should never be omitted from the diagnostic protocol 2) . (neurosurgery.directory)
• TEHRAN (FNA)- Anthropology researchers from The University of Texas at Austin have confirmed a direct link between upright two-legged (bipedal) walking and the position of the foramen magnum, a hole in the base of the skull that transmits the spinal cord. (thefreedictionary.com)
• It is especially effective for treating children and adults with anatomically complex tumors such as at the base of the skull and those along the spinal cord. (thefreedictionary.com)
• The underlying aetiology included five acute trauma cases, three spinal tuberculosis, six congenital abnormalities and two tumours ( Table I ). Three anterior and eight posterior procedures were performed, with the remaining five constituting combined procedures. (scielo.org.za)
• This involves not only the skull bones, and their contents but, by virtue of strong fibrous tissue connections, the spinal column and the sacrum (the triangular bony structure at the base of the spine). (healthy.net)
• Radiographics 35:2121-2134, 2015), account for the majority of the spinal injuries followed by thoracolumbar fractures. (springer.com)
• Chiari disease (or malformation) is in general a congenital condition characterized by an anatomic defect of the base of the skull, in which the cerebellum and brain stem herniate through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal. (biomedcentral.com)
• Non-pharmacological therapies are primarly based on spinal or peripheral electrical stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Lateral13

• From its front to the back is the basilar part, at the sides of the foramen magnum are the lateral parts, and the back is named as the squamous part. (wikipedia.org)
• To the sides of the foramen sitting at the junction between the lateral and base of the occipital bone are the hypoglossal canals. (wikipedia.org)
• In some instances these fractures may extend in an anterior, posterior or lateral direction. (brainmind.com)
• The lateral portion of the IOF is an important surgical landmark for positioning lateral orbital osteotomies during anterior skull base resections. (medscape.com)
• About 70% are anterior, 20% are lateral, and 10% are posterior [ 13 ]. (clinmedjournals.org)
• When looking into the nasal cavity from the front of the skull, two bony plates are seen projecting from each lateral wall. (opentextbc.ca)
• This study provides relevant surgical landmarks and a systematic approach to the foramen lacerum by defining anterior, medial, lateral, and inferior walls that may facilitate its safe exposure for effective removal of lesions while minimizing the risk of injury to the internal carotid artery. (thejns.org)
• Further investigation of the bones of the skull led him to note many other articulations, such as the 'tongue and groove' junction between the lateral part of the basilar portion of the occiput, where it fits into the medial aspect of the anterior third of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. (healthy.net)
• In addition, there were fractures of the lateral walls of both orbits and a nondisplaced fracture of the posterior wall of the right sphenoid sinus (clivus) ( Fig 1A ). (ajnr.org)
• Details of this volar tilt of 10-22 degrees in lateral direction interposed volar platepostreduction full flexion absent fractures of the increased risk of secondary infection is more pleasant to listen carefully to what exactly the female the state of affairs or logical postulates concerned with the process of questioning should aim for immediate testing and the thoracic cage peripheral joint pain syndrome (often previously referred to orthopedics. (buffalo.edu)
• It helps form the base and lateral sides of the skull in combination with the orbital floor. (statpearls.com)
• These alae arise from the lateral walls of the skull. (statpearls.com)
• Plain radiograph of the lumbar spine anterior-posterior view (A) and lateral view (B) showing near complete compression of the body of L3 vertebra with sclerosis of end plates (shown with the arrow). (e-neurospine.org)

Prophylaxis for basilar skull fr2

• May lead to increased regurgitation or thickened leaets endocarditis prophylaxis for basilar skull fracture. (pvadamh.org)
• Clin infect dis, gold d, corey l acyclovir prophylaxis for basilar skull fracture, altered level of the myofascial tissue of the. (socratesgarrigosmd.com)

Bones39

• The optic nerve is compressed by the broken skull bones, causing irregularities in vision. (wikipedia.org)
• The superior angle of the occipital bone articulates with the occipital angles of the parietal bones and, in the fetal skull, corresponds in position with the posterior fontanelle. (wikipedia.org)
• The elderly are far susceptible to fractures than the pediatric population since their bones become brittle through senescence. (buzzle.com)
• Diet can greatly affect the health of your bones, and hence make you more or less susceptible to bone fractures. (buzzle.com)
• Different bones in the body have different capacities to bear impact, and hence vary in degree of susceptibility to fractures. (buzzle.com)
• Certain medical conditions, such as osteopenia, osteoporosis, bone marrow cancer, bone cyst, or inherited bone disorders debilitate the bones to such an extent that a superficial impact, too, may cause the bones to fracture. (buzzle.com)
• A compression fracture is a closed fracture that occurs when two or more bones are forced against each other. (buzzle.com)
• It commonly, is endured by the bones of the spine and may be caused when the anterior portion of the vertebra collapses while standing or sitting, or as a result of advanced osteoporosis. (buzzle.com)
• The most common sites of linear fractures involve the temporal and parietal bones. (brainmind.com)
• Linear fractures involving the temporal-parietal bones may damage the auditory meatus, eustachian tube, and ear drum causing hearing loss, tinnitus, disorders of equiilbrium and vertigo. (brainmind.com)
• The 5 bones that make up the skull base are the ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, paired frontal, and paired temporal bones. (medscape.com)
• Orbital fractures involve the bones around the eye and include a "blow out" fracture, in which the base of the orbit blows the eye itself downward into the maxillary sinus. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the skull , usually occurring as a result of blunt force trauma . (wikipedia.org)
• Basilar fractures are in the bones at the base of the skull. (wikipedia.org)
• These types of fractures-which occur in 11% of severe head injuries-are comminuted fractures in which broken bones displace inward. (wikipedia.org)
• Depressed skull fractures may require surgery to lift the bones off the brain if they are pressing on it by making burr holes on the adjacent normal skull. (wikipedia.org)
• Due to the trauma, diastatic fracture occurs with the collapse of the surrounding head bones. (wikipedia.org)
• A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . (wikipedia.org)
• However, due to high impact in certain cases, the skull bones may break leading to a fracture. (healthhearty.com)
• Many cases of skull fracture involve cracked bones and no displacement of the broken pieces occurs. (healthhearty.com)
• In the adult, the skull consists of 22 individual bones, 21 of which are immobile and united into a single unit. (opentextbc.ca)
• The skull consists of the rounded brain case that houses the brain and the facial bones that form the upper and lower jaws, nose, orbits, and other facial structures. (opentextbc.ca)
• Watch this video to view a rotating and exploded skull, with color-coded bones. (opentextbc.ca)
• Which bone (yellow) is centrally located and joins with most of the other bones of the skull? (opentextbc.ca)
• The anterior skull consists of the facial bones and provides the bony support for the eyes and structures of the face. (opentextbc.ca)
• An anterior view of the skull shows the bones that form the forehead, orbits (eye sockets), nasal cavity, nasal septum, and upper and lower jaws. (opentextbc.ca)
• The skull is not just one bone but is the sum of several bones, including the parietal bone, the temporal bone, the occipital bone, and the frontal bone, among others. (autoaccident.com)
• When you suffer from a skull fracture, there is a break in one or more of the bones. (autoaccident.com)
• The bones that make up the skull are, in health, movable and do in fact, move in a rhythmic manner throughout life. (healthy.net)
• Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a genetic disorder of connective tissue characterized by fragile bones and a susceptibility to fracture from mild trauma. (mif-ua.com)
• The flat bones of the skull and the clavicles are formed from connective tissue in a process known as intramembranous ossification , and ossification of the mandible occurs in the fibrous membrane covering the outer surfaces of Meckel's cartilages . (statemaster.com)
• The sacrum (the bone at the base of the spine ) consists of five bones which are separate at birth but fuse together into a solid structure in later years. (statemaster.com)
• All the bones of skull, joined together by sutures, are immobile and create the cranium , with the exception of mandible (bone of lower jaw). (earthslab.com)
• The skull is created from 22 bones, excluding ear ossicles. (earthslab.com)
• The bones of the skull are linked at immovable joints referred to as sutures. (earthslab.com)
• All the bones of the skull are immovable with the exception of the mandible which allows free movements. (earthslab.com)
• The study of skull as a whole is of greater relevance to the majority of health professionals compared to the study of unneeded aspects of the individual bones. (earthslab.com)
• The sphenoid is just one of the twenty-two bones that form the skull and essentially, helps to connect the neurocranium to the facial skeleton. (statpearls.com)
• Its many articulations with other bones give the skull rigidity. (statpearls.com)

Cervical spine3

• Do contemporary temporal bone fracture classification systems reflect concurrent intracranial and cervical spine injuries? (uc.edu)
• A computed tomography (CT) scan of the cervical spine showed a fracture of the body of the sixth cervical vertebra with a hematoma that extended from the forth cervical vertebra to the upper mediastinum and occupied the pharyngeal space ( fig. 1 ). (asahq.org)
• Anterior cervical diskectomy, in which a surgeon gains access to the cervical spine through the front of the neck, is used when it is necessary to remove one or more intervertebral disks or bone spurs that are causing nerve damage. (wordpress.com)

Artery24

• There was also a hypoattenuating area adjacent to the basilar artery, which represented active extravasation of blood into the already present subarachnoid blood products (Figure 2). (appliedradiology.com)
• A CTA head was then performed, which demonstrated basilar artery transection with active contrast extravasation into the prepontine cistern (Figure 3). (appliedradiology.com)
• Finally, autopsy images of the brain confirmed the transected basilar artery (Figure 4). (appliedradiology.com)
• A review of the literature focused on basilar artery pathology is very limited and only includes cases of basilar artery occlusion or aneurysm formation. (appliedradiology.com)
• 3 An isolated basilar artery transection with skull base fracture after closed head trauma is a unique injury. (appliedradiology.com)
• In addition to the subarachnoid blood and skull base fracture, there was also a hypoattenuating area adjacent to the basilar artery in the prepontine cistern compatible with hyperacture hemorrhage into the already present subarachnoid blood. (appliedradiology.com)
• It showed active contrast extravasation from the basilar artery into the prepontine cistern. (appliedradiology.com)
• Finally, examination of the basilar artery showed complete transection. (appliedradiology.com)
• The classic findings in this case are associated with an extremely rare and unique pathology, a basilar artery transection. (appliedradiology.com)
• The basilar artery transection is extensively evaluated in our case with radiology and pathology correlation. (appliedradiology.com)
• In the medial aspect, the lesser wing of the sphenoid forms the anterior clinoid process, an important landmark for the optic nerve and supracavernous internal carotid artery (ICA). (medscape.com)
• Elevation and dorsal displacement of the distal V4 vertebral artery segments and the basilar artery was observed (Figure 4). (appliedradiology.com)
• Given the difficult surgical approach to the carotid artery at the skull base and the vertebral arteries, 8,9 the interventional neuroradiologist can provide great support to the trauma team with an endovascular approach to treatment at these sites. (appliedradiology.com)
• The intracranial aneurysm s induced at the anterior cerebral artery-olfactory artery bifurcation were significantly larger in the high-fat group than in the normal-chow group. (neurosurgery.directory)
• Analysis of carotid artery injury in patients with basilar skull fractures. (uc.edu)
• Summary: We report a unique case of basilar artery herniation into the sphenoid sinus caused by a traumatic skull base fracture, with persistent patency of the basilar artery. (ajnr.org)
• Traumatic injury to the basilar artery may result from iatrogenic ( 1 ) or other uncommon causes. (ajnr.org)
• Basilar occlusion may also result indirectly from vertebral artery injury ( 5 - 7 ). (ajnr.org)
• Rare cases have been reported in which the basilar artery becomes incarcerated within a fractured clivus ( 8 - 10 ). (ajnr.org)
• In these reported cases, the basilar artery was completely occluded at the fracture site, leading to severe ischemia. (ajnr.org)
• We report a unique case of traumatic basilar artery herniation into the sphenoid sinus, with persistent patency of the herniated artery, despite transit through a clival fracture. (ajnr.org)
• A , CT section at bone window setting demonstrates a fracture in the clivus at the site of basilar artery herniation ( arrowhead ). (ajnr.org)
• B , CT section at soft tissue window setting demonstrates hemorrhage in the sphenoid sinus, with a small hypoattenuated region posteromedially representing the patent basilar artery. (ajnr.org)
• The accessory meningeal artery passes through the foramen ovale to enter the skull. (statpearls.com)

Occur20

• Facial fractures often also occur. (wikipedia.org)
• This type of fracture is common in athletes and can occur when no warm-ups prelude the upcoming strenuous activity. (buzzle.com)
• There are several distinct patterns of fracture that occur and that need surgical revision. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• When basilar skull fractures occur, there is a fracture in the posterior skull base or in the anterior skull base. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Comminuted skull fractures occur when the skull is broken up into several fragments. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Anytime the fragments push through the skin, the fracture is considered open and septic meningitis can occur. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• While an uncomplicated skull fracture can occur without associated physical or neurological damage and is in itself usually not clinically significant, a fracture in healthy bone indicates that a substantial amount of force has been applied and increases the possibility of associated injury . (wikipedia.org)
• Compound depressed skull fractures occur when there is a laceration over the fracture, putting the internal cranial cavity in contact with the outside environment, increasing the risk of contamination and infection. (wikipedia.org)
• Diastatic fractures occur when the fracture line transverses one or more sutures of the skull causing a widening of the suture. (wikipedia.org)
• While this type of fracture is usually seen in infants and young children as the sutures are not yet fused it can also occur in adults. (wikipedia.org)
• Diastatic fractures can occur with different types of fractures and it is also possible for diastasis of the cranial sutures to occur without a concomitant fracture. (wikipedia.org)
• Basilar skull fractures are linear fractures that occur in the floor of the cranial vault (skull base), which require more force to cause than other areas of the neurocranium. (wikipedia.org)
• Body fractures occur between the distal aspect of the canines and a hypothetical line corresponding to the anterior attachment of the masseter. (medscape.com)
• These fractures tend to occur in the body or in symphysis-parasymphysis areas. (medscape.com)
• In case of severe injuries, displacement of skull fracture may occur. (healthhearty.com)
• A one degree more, a fracture of the skull will occur, or more, a cranio-cerebral penetrating wound. (scowlp.org)
• Linear skull fractures usually occur through a direct blow to the skull, such as in a fall injury. (autoaccident.com)
• Because fusion of the skull occurs at a young age, diastatic skull fractures typically occur in newborn babies and toddlers. (autoaccident.com)
• Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) avulsion injuries typically occur in athletes during forceful muscular contraction. (radiopaedia.org)
• The most common traumatic injury to the craniocervical junction is a type II odontoid fracture (dens fracture, DF), in which failure of bony structures tends to occur before ligamentous failure because of the strength of the ligaments [ 5 , 6 ]. (asianspinejournal.org)

Facial13

• The skull base forms the floor of the cranial cavity and separates the brain from other facial structures. (medscape.com)
• Despite being seat-belted during an auto accident, you can still get facial and cranial fractures from blunt force trauma to the face and/or the top of your head. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Facial fractures can cause you to lose teeth or to have misalignment of the teeth, particularly if the mandible or maxillary bone is fractured. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Cranial fractures are broken down into anterior fractures (which are the same as facial fractures), fractures of the top of the head, the sides of the head or the basilar aspect of the skull (the base of the skull or the back). (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• One study looked at the incidence of both facial and cranial fractures in injured patients. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Looking at 882 patients with facial fractures, a total of 4.4 percent of these people also had skull injuries. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• The mandible is involved in 70% of patients with facial fractures. (medscape.com)
• 10,11,12 Additionally, in patients with extensive facial fractures or penetrating injuries, an endovascular approach to control bleeding is preferred (Figure 1). (appliedradiology.com)
• In case of middle fossa fracture, it will lead to loss of lower face sensation, deafness, facial palsym hemotympanum, otorrhea. (healthhearty.com)
• CN VII: Temporal bone fractures can cause immediate facial nerve injury resulting in paralysis of facial expression. (aapmr.org)
• He has obvious facial fractures, noisy respirations, and deformity to the LLE extremity. (slideplayer.com)
• The lower anterior part is named facial skeleton, which contains mandible. (earthslab.com)
• The facial skeleton is located below the anterior part of the cranium in human beings. (earthslab.com)

Sphenoid11

• This fracture can include parts of the skull like the temporal bone, occipital bone, ethmoid bone or the sphenoid bone. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• The first type of skull fracture involves the occipital bone, the temporal bone and portions of the sphenoid bone. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• The anterior clinoid processes and the planum sphenoidale, which forms the roof of the sphenoid sinus, mark the posterior limit. (medscape.com)
• Anterior cranial fossa and body of the sphenoid. (medscape.com)
• Most patients had midfacial fractures along with frontal skull fractures about 38 percent of the time, sphenoid fractures 24 percent of the time and temporal fractures 22 percent of the time. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• This fracture usually involves the temporal bone, occipital bone, sphenoid bone and the ethmoid bone. (healthhearty.com)
• CN II: Fracture of the sphenoid bone or compression of the optic nerve can result in unilateral blindness. (aapmr.org)
• CN IV: Fracture of the sphenoid wing, can result in injury which presents as extorsion of the ipsilateral eye with diplopia with attempted downward gaze, but improved diplopia with head tilted to contralateral side. (aapmr.org)
• The two lesser wings of the sphenoid are present anterior to the body and are triangular. (statpearls.com)
• The foramen lacerum is between the sphenoid, the basilar part of the occipital, and the apex of the temporal bone and often contains with connective tissue. (statpearls.com)
• Also, several fissures and foramina exist in the sphenoid which transports several blood vessels and nerves of the skull to the head and neck. (statpearls.com)

Aneurysm2

• Ammerman JM, Ammerman MD and Magram G. Subarachnoid air mimicking a basilar apex aneurysm. (spineuniverse.com)
• We present the case of a patient with acute brain stem ischemic stroke who was found to have a fusiform basilar aneurysm with a thrombus within the dilated vessel. (biomedsearch.com)

Trauma12

• A review of the patient's initial physical exam findings revealed three major findings worrisome for severe head trauma, and specifically skull base fracture. (appliedradiology.com)
• Also known as an open fracture, this form of bone trauma is characterized by luxation of the bone, with it being exposed to contamination. (buzzle.com)
• Indeed, the temporal portion of the skull may fracture following trauma to any portion of the cranium. (brainmind.com)
• The hallmark feature of OI is bone fragility, with susceptibility to fracture from minimal trauma, as well as bone deformity and growth deficiency. (nih.gov)
• The hallmark feature of OI is bone fragility, with a tendency to fracture from minimal trauma or from the work of bearing weight against gravity. (nih.gov)
• The common cause of injury is blunt force trauma where the impact energy transferred over a wide area of the skull. (wikipedia.org)
• A depressed skull fracture is a type of fracture usually resulting from blunt force trauma, such as getting struck with a hammer, rock or getting kicked in the head. (wikipedia.org)
• Actual bleeding in the subdural or epidural region is even less common with most cases occurring in the epidural space in children in conjunction with blunt trauma and skull base fracture or tectorial membrane injury. (appliedradiology.com)
• The multicenter, prospective European Maxillofacial Trauma (EURMAT) project found mandibular fractures, particularly condylar and body fractures, to be the most prevalent maxillofacial fractures in children. (medscape.com)
• The skull helps protect the brain from head injuries and head trauma. (healthhearty.com)
• J pharmacol exp ther , gowing l, farrell m, heinrichs m, tilelli ja response of t by maintaining traction on the thalamocortical level and liver function studies should be based on patient stability, includes a request to be neuroprotective in experimental brain trauma. (pvadamh.org)
• A compound skull fracture is a very severe one, with a splintering of the bone and many pieces with a high risk of brain trauma. (autoaccident.com)

Severe11

• Basilar fractures often extend into the base of the skull and are difficult to detect unless quite severe. (brainmind.com)
• Basilar skull fractures are rare fractures to have, involving only 4 percent of cases of severe head injury. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Most adult diastatic fractures are caused by severe head injuries. (wikipedia.org)
• Thus they are rare, occurring as the only fracture in only 4% of severe head injury patients. (wikipedia.org)
• Hip Fracture is a common orthopedic emergency in elderly people, which causes moderate to severe pain. (bioportfolio.com)
• In case of severe skull injury, it may lead to a deformed skull. (healthhearty.com)
• A Kuwaiti surgeon specializing in endoscopic surgery of the nose, sinus, and base of the skull , succeeded in restoring the natural movement of the eye in a patient suffering from prominent paralysis of the right eye, headache, and severe pain in the face as well as the head. (thefreedictionary.com)
• While some linear skull fractures can be severe, most individuals make a full recovery after a brief observation period in the hospital. (autoaccident.com)
• Damage to the brain tissue underneath the skull could lead to the development of a severe brain bleed. (autoaccident.com)
• This skull fracture is always severe. (autoaccident.com)
• Severe pain associated with basilar impression cerebellar hemisphere is the lunate. (aestheticscienceinstitute.edu)

Neck14

• For a cervical Laminectomy, an incision is made either in the back of the neck (posterior cervical) or in the front side of neck (anterior cervical) depending on the location of the problem. (angelfire.com)
• Fracture of the neck plays virtually no role in non- judicial hangings . (arthritisresearch.us)
• For patient education resources, see the Back, Ribs, Neck, and Head Center , Breaks, Fractures, and Dislocations Center , and Teeth and Mouth Center , as well as Broken Jaw and Broken or Knocked-out Teeth . (medscape.com)
• Biomechanical Analysis of Fixation Devices for Basicervical Femoral Neck Fractures. (bioportfolio.com)
• Basicervical femoral neck fractures are challenging fractures in geriatric populations. (bioportfolio.com)
• A special superior cortex compressive fracture of femoral neck: Two case reports. (bioportfolio.com)
• Garden type I femoral neck fractures are incomplete stable fractures with impaction in valgus fractures that the question of whether there exists Garden type I femoral neck fracture is currently uncer. (bioportfolio.com)
• Simultaneous bilateral neck of femur fractures in an adolescent secondary to hypocalcaemic seizure. (bioportfolio.com)
• We present a rare case of a previously healthy 16-year-old boy who sustained simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures after a single first-time seizure episode. (bioportfolio.com)
• Exploration of anterior neck wounds is usually done surgically, given adequate exposure and direct visualization of the carotid arteries. (appliedradiology.com)
• and in all his soul's application to the task his back quivered, his thin neck, sunk into a deep hollow at the base of the skull , seemed ready to snap. (thefreedictionary.com)
• does your headache ever start from your neck or the base of your skull? (medhelp.org)
• After a brief loss of consciousness, the patient noted pain at the base of the neck. (asahq.org)
• A panel charged with developing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation methods for neck pain identified therapeutic exercises as the only intervention offering clinically important benefits and noted that evidence is lacking for the efficacy of thermotherapy, therapeutic ultrasound, massage, and electrical stimulation. (wordpress.com)

Dura8

• Basilar fractures are sometimes associated with tearing of the dura as well as CSF leakage. (brainmind.com)
• With the dura removed, the base of the skull is free of fractures. (crimescene.com)
• In complex depressed fractures, the dura mater is torn. (wikipedia.org)
• The lag between skull movement and brain movement causes stretching of veins connecting the subdural space (the space beneath the dura mater of the brain) to the surface of the brain, resulting in minor disruptions of the brain structures. (thefreedictionary.com)
• 4. Your childs skin can be seen on the proximal ends (i.E., the scalp and face, sparing the patient sit up and leaning forward, and the anterior dura mater and the. (aestheticscienceinstitute.edu)
• The outer dura is the periosteum of the inside of the skull, and is continuous (through the sutural membranes and around the margins of the foramina) with the periosteum on the skull's outer surface. (duke.edu)
• You will remove the skull cap (calvarium), attempting to leave behind both the periosteal and the meningeal dura. (duke.edu)
• Sometimes, the adhesion of the dura to the inside of the calvarium cannot be easily freed, and the dura may tear away during the process of lifting the skull cap. (duke.edu)

Injuries10

• In some instances, longitudinal fractures may damage the cochlear nucleus and cause injuries to the 7th and 5th cranial nerves which pass through this area before innervating the skin and muscles of the face. (brainmind.com)
• Having this type of combined fracture requires a team approach of surgeons that can manage cranial injuries, orbital injuries, ENT injuries and other forms of maxillofacial injuries. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• While thought of as less important fractures, there are cases of extreme morbidity and mortality associated with these injuries. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Some of these brain injuries require that the patient have immediate decompression of the skull or the brain can herniate into the brainstem, a problem that is often lethal. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Fractures of the skull which may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating head injuries or rarely BONE DISEASES (see also FRACTURES, SPONTANEOUS). (bioportfolio.com)
• When one suffers from a skull fracture, there are various signs that indicate grievous injuries. (healthhearty.com)
• Basilar skull fracture is a very rare type of skull fracture and amounts to about 4% of all head injuries. (healthhearty.com)
• One of the most feared injuries is that of the fractured skull. (autoaccident.com)
• ASIS avulsion, like other pelvic avulsion injuries, is a stable fracture. (radiopaedia.org)
• Waterproof liners pediatric skeletal injuries 243 anterior displacement of the specimen and be exposed during birth concealed hematoma (intracranial, pulmonary, intra-abdominal) polycythemia hypersplenism decreased bilirubin conjugation incomplete maturation of conjugation enzymes in the ed. (aestheticscienceinstitute.edu)

Closed head i1

• Overall, the case described above details some of the classic physical exam and computed tomography findings associated with a skull base fracture and subarachnoid bleed with associated hyperacute hemorrhage after closed head injury. (appliedradiology.com)

Foramen8

• The basilar part is a thick, somewhat quadrilateral piece in front of the foramen magnum and directed towards the pharynx. (wikipedia.org)
• There are two midline skull landmarks at the foramen magnum. (wikipedia.org)
• A noncontrast head CT was subsequently performed and demonstrated an area of extra-axial hyperdensity marginating the clivus and extending from the most inferiorly visualized aspect of the anterior foramen magnum cephalad towards the left and right cerebellopontine angle cisterns (Figures 1,2). (appliedradiology.com)
• Below the orbit is the infraorbital foramen , which is the point of emergence for a sensory nerve that supplies the anterior face below the orbit. (opentextbc.ca)
• The foramen lacerum is a relevant skull base structure that has been neglected for many years. (thejns.org)
• The objective of this study was to provide a detailed investigation of the surgical anatomy of the foramen lacerum and its adjacent structures based on anatomical dissections and imaging studies, propose several relevant key surgical landmarks, and demonstrate the surgical technique for its full exposure with several illustrative cases. (thejns.org)
• The pterygoid tubercle separates the vidian canal from the pterygosphenoidal fissure, and forms the anterior wall of the lower part of the foramen lacerum. (thejns.org)
• A right mastoid fracture extended to involve the jugular foramen and the roof of the petrous bone. (ajnr.org)

Type of fracture3

• A type of fracture where the fissure runs diagonal to the axis of the bone. (buzzle.com)
• This type of fracture is a common resultant of motor collisions and falls. (buzzle.com)
• However, coming to the signs, we find that there are certain typical symptoms that indicate this type of fracture. (healthhearty.com)

Cases of basilar1

• In most cases of basilar skull fracture, it tends to heal without much medical intervention. (healthhearty.com)

Bone fractures7

• The different types of bone fractures are explicated in this article. (buzzle.com)
• Before we learn about the types of bone fractures, let us consider different factors that affect the degree of bone luxation and laceration. (buzzle.com)
• A common way to classify bone fractures is on the basis of different features of a fracture. (buzzle.com)
• Bone fractures that consider the above definition as a foundation to their diagnostic individuality are explicated herein. (buzzle.com)
• Meta-analyses do not support significant reduction in long bone fractures in bisphosphonate-treated children. (nih.gov)
• CN VIII: Temporal bone fractures can result in hearing loss, vertigo and nystagmus immediately after the injury. (aapmr.org)
• Like other bone fractures, linear skull fractures heal gradually over a period of weeks to months. (autoaccident.com)

Complications10

• Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
• Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal or mal-union, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. (wikipedia.org)
• Complications of fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
• Immediate complications - occurs at the time of the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
• Early complications - occurring in the initial few days after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
• Late complications - occurring a long time after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
• The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive value of signs and symptoms of skull base fracture in predicting the incidence of skull base fracture complications. (ac.ir)
• Moreover, the relationship of clinical signs and symptoms and complications of skull base fracture with fracture line in conventional brain CT scan was investigated. (ac.ir)
• During hospitalization period and one month after the admission, patients were followed for complications of skull base fracture. (ac.ir)
• Because a portion of the skull is actually pressed into the brain tissue, there is a high incidence of complications. (autoaccident.com)

DIAGNOSIS3

• Covers localizing skull base lesions , reaching the appropriate differential diagnosis , and deciding which surgical approach is best . (schweitzer-online.de)
• However, the real incidence may be twice that number because of persons with mild OI who experience a small number of fractures and in whom no diagnosis is made. (hindawi.com)
• The basilar skull fracture diagnosis includes CT scan of the brain. (healthhearty.com)

Orbital2

• This portion of the skull base consists of the orbital portion of the frontal bone. (medscape.com)
• It's the position of skull where the orbital cavities are directed forwards and lower margins (infraorbital margins) of the orbits and upper margins of external acoustic meatuses is located in the same horizontal plane (Frankfurt's plane). (earthslab.com)

Mandible10

• Maxillofacial fractures involve fractures of the zygomatic arch, fractures of the maxilla, the frontal bone, the nasal bone and the mandible. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Mandible fractures are also described by the relationship between the direction of the fracture line and the effect of muscle distraction on fracture fragments. (medscape.com)
• Mandible fractures are favorable when muscles tend to draw bony fragments together and unfavorable when bony fragments are displaced by muscle forces. (medscape.com)
• The image below depicts the vertical and horizontal forces acting on the mandible, as well as the relationship of muscle pull to fracture angulation. (medscape.com)
• Forces acting on the mandible and demonstration of the relationship between muscle pulls and fracture angulation. (medscape.com)
• In general, mandible fractures of the body, condyle , and angle have nearly the same incidence, while fractures of the ramus and coronoid process are rare. (medscape.com)
• The number of mandible fractures per patient ranges from 1.5-1.8. (medscape.com)
• Approximately 50% of patients with a mandible fracture have more than 1 fracture. (medscape.com)
• The 22nd bone is the mandible (lower jaw), which is the only moveable bone of the skull. (opentextbc.ca)
• cranium = skull) is occasionally utilized to mean the skull without mandible. (earthslab.com)

Bony5

• Temporal bony fractures happen in 75 percent of all basilar skull fractures. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• The bony orbit is often a route for intracranial and extracranial spread of infection and tumors because of its direct proximity to the anterior fossa. (medscape.com)
• The brain is enclosed in a bony shell known as the skull. (healthhearty.com)
• The erroneous belief that the skull is a rigid bony structure, and that the sutures are immovable arose from anatomists studying these structures from dried specimens. (healthy.net)
• The skull is the bony skeleton of the head. (earthslab.com)

Fossa6

• They are divided into anterior fossa, middle fossa, and poterior fossa fractures. (wikipedia.org)
• The inner surface of the occipital bone forms the base of the posterior cranial fossa. (wikipedia.org)
• The ethmoid bone forms the central part of the floor, which is the deepest area of the anterior cranial fossa. (medscape.com)
• The most important anatomic structures below the anterior cranial fossa are the orbits and the paranasal sinuses. (medscape.com)
• Typical disorders in the anterior cranial fossa accessed via the transcribiform approach include sinonasal tumo. (schweitzer-online.de)
• Posterior fossa fracture causes battle sign behind the ear (ecchymosis) and impaired gag reflex. (healthhearty.com)

Cerebral3

• The vasculature of the basilar and cerebral arterial circulatory systems are unremarkable. (crimescene.com)
• Signs of basilar skull fracture, pneumocephalus, intracranial hematoma, cerebral edema, this concern is the waxing and waning symptoms) behavior agitation, hyper- or hypocalcemia, lactic acidosis, high levels of tnf- are increased if medication or household products. (org.sa)
• Eventually, you will free the entire skull cap, leaving behind the cerebral hemispheres complete with their covering of meninges. (duke.edu)

Posterior skull base1

• Serious cases usually result in death Basilar skull fractures include breaks in the posterior skull base or anterior skull base. (wikipedia.org)

Carotid canal1

• They are almost exclusively observed when the carotid canal is fractured, although only a minority of carotid canal fractures result in vascular injury. (wikipedia.org)

Structures5

• Treatment is generally based on the injury to structures inside the head. (wikipedia.org)
• If the force of the impact is excessive, the bone may fracture at or near the site of the impact and cause damage to the underlying structures within the skull such as the membranes , blood vessels , and brain . (wikipedia.org)
• A fracture in conjunction with an overlying laceration that tears the epidermis and the meninges , or runs through the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear structures, bringing the outside environment into contact with the cranial cavity is called a compound fracture. (wikipedia.org)
• As these structures move (much as the diaphragm and chest move in breathing, but on a much smaller scale) an important circulatory function is being carried out in the skull and throughout the body. (healthy.net)
• Airway structures of importance in the diet should be based more on left side of the underlying disorder, the duration of the. (aestheticscienceinstitute.edu)

Intracranial4

• However, it has been reported that patients with linear fractures who retain consciousness are 400 times more likely to develop a mass lesion (e.g. hematoma) as compared to comatose patients who are 20 times more likely to develop intracranial hemorrhage (Jennett & Teasdale, 2011). (brainmind.com)
• Rather, ophthalmologic consultation is based on objective indicators of possible eye pathology, including findings that raise concern of possible AHT (eg, increased intracranial pressure, intracranial hemorrhage, or unexplained coma). (aappublications.org)
• Cranial nerves are injured before, during or after their passage through the skull as a result of compression from increased intracranial pressure, traction or transection, ischemic event from an infarct, or vascular occlusion. (aapmr.org)
• In young children, before the age of closure of skull sutures, increased intracranial pressure is reflected in widened suture lines that may be palpable and quite visible in radiographs. (dartmouth.edu)

Chiari2

• Developmental and congenital abnormalities including basilar impression and Chiari malformation. (memc.com.sg)
• In most cases syringomyelia is due to craniocervical malformations, mainly Chiari malformation and basilar impression, so all the problems due to those conditions added to those of syringomyelia, can severely affect the patient's quality of life if adequate and timely measures are not taken. (biomedcentral.com)

Mandibular fractures6

• There was no correlation between mandibular fractures and any kind of skull or cranial fracture. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• Recent evidence demonstrates that there is no need to apply different treatment modalities to mandibular fractures regardless of whether the factures are favorable. (medscape.com)
• The study, which included 114 children aged 15 years or younger, reported 47 mandibular fractures, including 18 condylar fractures and 12 body fractures. (medscape.com)
• The study, which involved 122 patients (216 mandibular fractures), all of whom were aged 18 years or younger, found that 11 patients (9%) had a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 23 (19%) had a history of a non-ADHD mental disorder, 17 (14%) had asthma, 18 (15%) used tobacco, 13 (11%) used alcohol, and 11 (9%) used marijuana. (medscape.com)
• The investigators suggested that the relatively high proportion of mental disorders and substance abuse found in this report could have treatment implications in pediatric mandibular fractures. (medscape.com)
• Vehicular accidents and assaults are the primary causes of mandibular fractures worldwide. (medscape.com)

Involve1

• A peripheral lesion involves muscles of both the upper and lower face and can involve loss of taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue. (aapmr.org)

Prophylactic antibiotics4

• What is the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in basilar skull fractures? (wikipedia.org)
• One of those questions just happens to be the utility of giving prophylactic antibiotics in patients with basilar skull fracture. (thetraumapro.com)
• Studies that specifically examined the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with basilar skull fracture were reviewed. (thetraumapro.com)
• Bottom line: There is still no good evidence to support the use of prophylactic antibiotics or meningitis vaccination in patients with CSF leak from uncomplicated basilar skull fracture. (thetraumapro.com)

Compound2

• Compound fractures can either be clean or contaminated. (wikipedia.org)
• A compound skull fracture runs from the surface of the scalp all the way down to the brain tissue underneath. (autoaccident.com)

Compression5

• A fracture, often is caused when undue, or intense compression/pressure impacts the bone. (buzzle.com)
• If the compression is mild and the fracture treated, there can be restoration of the vision over time. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• CN I: Shearing of olfactory nerve filaments, fracture of the cribiform plate or a frontal lobe lesion causing compression of the olfactory bulb/tract can result in anosmia or altered sense of smell and taste. (aapmr.org)
• CN III: Basilar skull fracture, uncal herniation or compression can result in ptosis, inferolateral displacement of the ipsilateral eye and mydriasis. (aapmr.org)
• Radiological differentials were osteoporotic compression fracture, metastasis and infective spondylitis. (e-neurospine.org)

Occipital5

• The occipital bone (/ˌɒkˈsɪpɪtəl/) is a cranial dermal bone, and is the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull). (wikipedia.org)
• Human skull (Occipital bone is at bottom right). (wikivisually.com)
• The occipital bone ( / ˌ ɒ k ˈ s ɪ p ɪ t əl / ) is a cranial dermal bone , and is the main bone of the occiput (back and lower part of the skull ). (wikivisually.com)
• Tie a string around the greatest circumference of the skull cap, at a level just above the eyebrows and above the external occipital protuberance. (duke.edu)
• It is a single bone in the midline of the cranial cavity situated posterior to the frontal bone but anterior to the occipital. (statpearls.com)

Symptoms2

• Common symptoms of a skull fracture include having an obvious deformity to the skull, having deep bruising of the scalp, a palpable depression in the skull, unequal pupils, bruising under the eyes, bruising behind the ears, loss of vision, loss of smell, bleeding from the ear or nose or having clear fluid come from either the ear or the nose. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• In this study , 132 patients referred to the emergency department of one of the teaching hospitals in Kerman/ Iran who had signs and symptoms of skull base fracture were included. (ac.ir)

Displacement1

• Horizontally unfavorable fractures allow displacement of segments in the vertical plane. (medscape.com)

Cranial base2

• Osseous components and compartments of the cranial base. (medscape.com)
• Outcome Analysis of Preoperative Embolization in Cranial Base Surgery. (spineuniverse.com)

Traumatic2

• Normally, people suffer from a traumatic fracture as a result of them having performed an activity that subjected the bone to enduring excessive pressure, stress, or a deep impact -- for instance, a fall, or a vehicular accident. (buzzle.com)
• The most common traumatic injury at these strong ligaments is a type II odontoid fracture. (asianspinejournal.org)

Femur3

• Fracture femur is a common injury which is associated with excruciating pain. (bioportfolio.com)
• Fragility fractures of the proximal femur: review and update for radiologists. (bioportfolio.com)
• Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. (bioportfolio.com)

Suture5

• When a diastatic fracture occurs in adults it usually affects the lambdoidal suture as this suture does not fully fuse in adults until about the age of 60. (wikipedia.org)
• A diastatic skull fracture takes place along the suture lines of the skull. (autoaccident.com)
• The fusion of the skull takes place along these suture lines during the first couple of years of life. (autoaccident.com)
• If a fracture occurs along these suture lines, this is termed a diastatic skull fracture. (autoaccident.com)
• It symbolizes the remnants of suture between the 2 halves of the frontal bone in fetal skull, which develops by individual centers of ossification . (earthslab.com)

Linear fractures1

• Linear fractures are the most common, and usually require no intervention for the fracture itself. (wikipedia.org)

Signs3

• On initial physical exam, the patient demonstrated signs of skull base fracture, including periorbital ecchymyosis (Figure 1) and hemotympanum. (appliedradiology.com)
• Let us go into the details of basilar skull fracture signs and also find information about its prognosis and treatment. (healthhearty.com)
• The other basilar skull fracture signs include bleeding from nose and ears, hemotympanum, cranial nerve palsy and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. (healthhearty.com)

Endoscopic1

• Open surgical or endoscopic repair of anterior skull base leaks with rhinorrhea. (pietromortini.com)

Tibial1

• Some research indicates, for example, that it delays tibial shaft fracture healing from a median healing time of 136 to 269 days. (omicsgroup.org)

Body fractures1

• Body fractures often are unfavorable because of the actions of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles, which distract the proximal segment superomedially. (medscape.com)

Fragments5

• Also known as multi-fragmentary fracture, the crack results in several fragments of the bone. (buzzle.com)
• It is a closed fracture which occurs when pressure is applied to the two extremities of the bone, causing it to split into two fragments that jam into each other. (buzzle.com)
• Usually with depressed fractures, part of the skull will shatter into several fragments which are driven downward toward the brain. (brainmind.com)
• Some of the fragments can push into the brain underneath and can thus be a depressed skull fracture. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
• A tremendous force impacts the surface of the skull, splintering it and sending bone fragments into the brain. (autoaccident.com)

Cranium5

• CN I, CN II, CN III, trochlear nerve (CN IV), CN V (first two branches), CN VII and CN VIII are at increased risk for injury from skull fracture secondary to their position next the cranium. (aapmr.org)
• The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. (opentextbc.ca)
• Cranium can mean: The brain and surrounding skull, a part of the body. (statemaster.com)
• On the other hand, the two terms skull and cranium are used synonymously. (earthslab.com)
• The Calvaria and skull base together are known as cranial skeleton/ cranium. (earthslab.com)

Laceration2

• 1980). If not accompanied by a laceration of the scalp, depressed fractures are described as closed. (brainmind.com)
• However, peripheral CN VII lesions may present as immediate paralysis (usually due to a complete laceration of the nerve via skull fracture), or delayed, where a bone fragment compresses the nerve. (aapmr.org)

Prognosis1

• The prognosis following a basilar skull fracture is guarded and is dependent on the size of the break and the time it takes someone to seek medical care. (autoaccident.com)

Avulsion fracture3

• An avulsion fracture is a closed fracture where a piece of bone is broken off by a fulminant, forceful contraction of a muscle. (buzzle.com)
• Avulsion fracture of the anterior superior iliac spine: misdiagnosis of a bone tumour. (radiopaedia.org)
• 3. Naylor JA, Goffar SL, Chugg J. Avulsion fracture of the anterior superior iliac spine. (radiopaedia.org)

Medial2

• CN VI: Injury caused to the cavernous sinus or fractures of the skull base can result in an extraocular palsy resulting by medial deviation of ipsilateral eye and diplopia that improves when the contralateral eye is abducted. (aapmr.org)
• #NEWinNRU The venoms of the medial epicondyle of humerus physeal fractures is stabilized medially by the american association of anaphylactic reactions with food impaction in the advanced cardiac us exam. (aestheticscienceinstitute.edu)

Concomitant1

• Their may be concomitant sinus fracture and bacterial contamination, so why not give antibiotics? (thetraumapro.com)

Clinical5

• We have two ICUs and an inpatient ward manned by dedicated nurses and allied specialists who offer all round care with compassion and love with an emphasis on evidence based clinical practice. (lisiehospital.org)
• Two antibody-based drugs with anabolic action on bone: anti-sclerostin, a negative regulator of bone formation in the Wnt pathway, and anti-TGF-β, a coordinator of bone remodeling produced by osteoblasts, have shown promising efficacy in early phase clinical trials and animal studies, respectively. (nih.gov)
• He divided OI into four subtypes, based on clinical and radiographic features. (mif-ua.com)
• The classification proposed by Sillence is based on clinical and radiographic criteria that distinguished four types. (mif-ua.com)
• Ruptured oesophagus refer for liver transplantation)aliver disease tends to be timed appropriately based on clinical suspicion, but is encountered more frequently with basilar skull fracture. (buffalo.edu)

Frontal bone2

• The frontal bone houses the supraorbital foramina, which, along with the frontal sinuses, form 2 important surgical landmarks during approaches involving the anterior skull base. (medscape.com)
• CT imaging of the brain on admission demonstrated a fracture of the left frontal bone with extension into the squamous portion of the left temporal bone. (ajnr.org)