Anoxybacillus
Bacillaceae
Hot Springs
Geobacillus
Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods
Bulgaria
DNA, Ribosomal
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Anaerobiosis
Genes, rRNA
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Water Microbiology
Fatty Acids
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Sequence Analysis, DNA
RNA, Bacterial
Geologic Sediments
Temperature
Spores, Bacterial
Molecular Sequence Data
Anoxybacillus tengchongensis sp. nov. and Anoxybacillus eryuanensis sp. nov., facultatively anaerobic, alkalitolerant bacteria from hot springs. (1/6)
(+info)Influence of cations on growth of thermophilic Geobacillus spp. and Anoxybacillus flavithermus in planktonic culture. (2/6)
(+info)Draft genome sequence of the thermophilic bacterium Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis G10. (3/6)
(+info)Preconditioning with cations increases the attachment of Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Geobacillus species to stainless steel. (4/6)
(+info)Molecular cloning and characterization of a thermostable esterase/lipase produced by a novel Anoxybacillus flavithermus strain. (5/6)
A thermophilic strain producing an extracellular esterase/lipase was isolated from a hot spring in Tasnad, Romania, and was identified phenotypically and by 16S rDNA sequencing as Anoxybacillus flavithermus (GenBank ID: JQ267733). The gene encoding the putative carboxyl esterase (GenBank ID: JX494348) was cloned by direct PCR amplification from genomic DNA. The protein, consisting of 246 amino acids and having a predicted molecular weight of 28.03 kDa, is encoded by an ORF of 741 bps. Expression was achieved in Escherichia coli and a recombinant protein with esterolytic activity and estimated molecular weight of 25 kDa was recovered and purified from the periplasmic fraction by IMAC. The purified enzyme, most active at 60-65 degrees C and in the near-neutral range (pH 6.5-8), displayed a half-life at 60 degrees C of about 5 h. Est/Lip displayed a relative tolerance to methanol, DMSO, acetonitrile, and low detergent concentrations (SDS, Triton) increased its thermostability. Highest activity was attained with p-nitrophenyl butyrate, but the enzyme was also able to hydrolyze long chain fatty acid esters, as well as triolein. The primary sequence and predicted tridimensional structure of the enzyme are very similar to those of other Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus carboxyl esterases in a distinct, recently described lipase family. Est/Lip was highly enantioselective, with preference for the (S)-enantiomer of substrates. (+info)Taxonomic classification of Anoxybacillus isolates from geothermal regions in Turkey by 16S rRNA gene sequences and ARDRA, ITS-PCR, Rep-PCR analyses. (6/6)
A total of 115 endospore-forming bacilli were taken for 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and clustered among 7 genera. In this paper, the most abundant thermophiles belonging to genus Anoxybacillus with its 53 isolates are presented. The Anoxybacillus species, some of which were producing biotechnologically valuable enzymes, mostly displayed amylolytic and glucosidic activities and the ability of carbohydrate degradation made them superior in number among the other bacilli in these extreme habitats. In comparative sequence analyses, similarities ranged from 91.1% to 99.9% between the isolates and the type strains. Isolates were clustered into eight phylogenetic lineages within the type strains of A. kamchatkensis, A. flavithermus, A. kamchatchensis subsp. asaccharedens, and A. salavatliensis. In addition, C161ab and A321 were proposed as novel species which displayed < 97.0% similarities to their closest relatives. Moreover, their individual AluI, HaeIII, and TaqI ARDRA restriction patterns, ITS-, (GTG)5-, and BOX-PCR fingerprintings generated 27, 28, 31, 35, 40, and 41 clusters, respectively. The twelve type strains and 35 of the isolates showed unique distinctive patterns from all the others at least in two of these analyses. These phenotypic and genomic characters allowed us to differentiate their genotypic diversity from the reference strains. (+info)Anoxybacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria that are commonly found in environments with high temperatures, such as hot springs and volcanic areas. These bacteria are able to grow under aerobic or anaerobic conditions and can tolerate low pH levels and the presence of salt. They have been studied for their potential applications in biotechnology, including the production of enzymes and other industrial products. Some species of Anoxybacillus may also be associated with human diseases, although they are not considered to be major pathogens.
Bacillaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria that are typically rod-shaped (bacilli) and can form endospores under adverse conditions. These bacteria are widely distributed in nature, including in soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals. Some members of this family are capable of causing disease in humans, such as Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax, and Bacillus cereus, which can cause foodborne illness. Other genera in this family include Lysinibacillus, Paenibacillus, and Jeotgalibacillus.
'Hot Springs' are a type of geothermal feature where water is heated by the Earth's internal heat and emerges from the ground at temperatures greater than the surrounding air temperature. The water in hot springs can range in temperature from warm to extremely hot, and it is often rich in minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and sodium.
People have been using hot springs for thousands of years for various purposes, including relaxation, recreation, and therapeutic benefits. The heat and mineral content of the water can help to soothe sore muscles, improve circulation, and promote healing in some cases. However, it is important to note that not all hot springs are safe for bathing, as some may contain harmful bacteria or pollutants. It is always recommended to check with local authorities before using a hot spring for therapeutic purposes.
Geobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria that are thermophilic, meaning they thrive at relatively high temperatures, typically between 45-70°C. These bacteria are commonly found in hot environments such as volcanic vents, hot springs, and oil fields. They have the ability to break down complex organic matter, making them of interest for potential industrial applications like bioremediation and biofuel production. Some species within this genus can also cause spoilage of canned foods when exposed to high temperatures during processing. It's worth noting that while Geobacillus spp. are generally not harmful to humans, they may be capable of causing infection in immunocompromised individuals.
Bacillales is an order of rod-shaped, gram-positive bacteria that are generally saprophytic and found in soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals. The most well-known genus within this group is Bacillus, which includes several species that form endospores, allowing them to survive in harsh environments for long periods of time. Some members of Bacillales can cause food poisoning or other types of infection in humans, but many are also used in industrial and agricultural applications, such as the production of enzymes and antibiotics.
"Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods" is a term that refers to a specific group of bacteria with certain defining characteristics. Here's the medical definition:
Gram-Positive: These are bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain used in Gram staining, a common laboratory technique for the differential staining of bacteria. The cell walls of these bacteria contain a thick layer of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids, which retain the stain.
Endospore-Forming: These are bacteria that can form endospores under adverse conditions. Endospores are highly resistant structures that can survive extreme conditions like high temperatures, radiation, and chemicals. They allow the bacterium to remain dormant until favorable conditions return.
Rods: This refers to the shape of the bacteria. Rod-shaped bacteria are also known as bacilli.
So, when we say 'Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods', we're referring to a group of bacteria that have a rod shape, retain the crystal violet stain in Gram staining (Gram-positive), and can form highly resistant endospores under unfavorable conditions. Examples of such bacteria include Bacillus species and Clostridium species.
I apologize, but "Bulgaria" is not a medical term or condition. It is a country located in southeastern Europe, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and natural beauty. If you have any questions related to the field of medicine or health, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you.
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) refers to the specific regions of DNA in a cell that contain the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomes are complex structures composed of proteins and rRNA, which play a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins.
In humans, there are four types of rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S. These rRNAs are encoded by multiple copies of rDNA genes that are organized in clusters on specific chromosomes. In humans, the majority of rDNA genes are located on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.
Each cluster of rDNA genes contains both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer regions. The transcribed regions contain the genes for the four types of rRNA, while the non-transcribed spacers contain regulatory elements that control the transcription of the rRNA genes.
The number of rDNA copies varies between species and even within individuals of the same species. The copy number can also change during development and in response to environmental factors. Variations in rDNA copy number have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes, which are complex structures inside cells where protein synthesis occurs. The "16S" refers to the sedimentation coefficient of the rRNA molecule, which is a measure of its size and shape. In particular, 16S rRNA is a component of the smaller subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome (found in bacteria and archaea), and is often used as a molecular marker for identifying and classifying these organisms due to its relative stability and conservation among species. The sequence of 16S rRNA can be compared across different species to determine their evolutionary relationships and taxonomic positions.
Aerobiosis is the process of living, growing, and functioning in the presence of oxygen. It refers to the metabolic processes that require oxygen to break down nutrients and produce energy in cells. This is in contrast to anaerobiosis, which is the ability to live and grow in the absence of oxygen.
In medical terms, aerobiosis is often used to describe the growth of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, that require oxygen to survive and multiply. These organisms are called aerobic organisms, and they play an important role in many biological processes, including decomposition and waste breakdown.
However, some microorganisms are unable to grow in the presence of oxygen and are instead restricted to environments where oxygen is absent or limited. These organisms are called anaerobic organisms, and their growth and metabolism are referred to as anaerobiosis.
Anaerobiosis is a state in which an organism or a portion of an organism is able to live and grow in the absence of molecular oxygen (O2). In biological contexts, "anaerobe" refers to any organism that does not require oxygen for growth, and "aerobe" refers to an organism that does require oxygen for growth.
There are two types of anaerobes: obligate anaerobes, which cannot tolerate the presence of oxygen and will die if exposed to it; and facultative anaerobes, which can grow with or without oxygen but prefer to grow in its absence. Some organisms are able to switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on the availability of oxygen, a process known as "facultative anaerobiosis."
Anaerobic respiration is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of molecular oxygen. In this process, organisms use alternative electron acceptors other than oxygen to generate energy through the transfer of electrons during cellular respiration. Examples of alternative electron acceptors include nitrate, sulfate, and carbon dioxide.
Anaerobic metabolism is less efficient than aerobic metabolism in terms of energy production, but it allows organisms to survive in environments where oxygen is not available or is toxic. Anaerobic bacteria are important decomposers in many ecosystems, breaking down organic matter and releasing nutrients back into the environment. In the human body, anaerobic bacteria can cause infections and other health problems if they proliferate in areas with low oxygen levels, such as the mouth, intestines, or deep tissue wounds.
rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is not a type of gene itself, but rather a crucial component that is transcribed from genes known as ribosomal DNA (rDNA). In cells, rRNA plays an essential role in protein synthesis by assembling with ribosomal proteins to form ribosomes. Ribosomes are complex structures where the translation of mRNA into proteins occurs. There are multiple types of rRNA molecules, including 5S, 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNAs in eukaryotic cells, each with specific functions during protein synthesis.
In summary, 'Genes, rRNA' would refer to the genetic regions (genes) that code for ribosomal RNA molecules, which are vital components of the protein synthesis machinery within cells.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Turkey" is not a medical term. It is a common name for the country located in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, as well as a type of large bird native to North America that is often eaten as a holiday meal. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try and help answer them!
Bacterial typing techniques are methods used to identify and differentiate bacterial strains or isolates based on their unique characteristics. These techniques are essential in epidemiological studies, infection control, and research to understand the transmission dynamics, virulence, and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens.
There are various bacterial typing techniques available, including:
1. **Bacteriophage Typing:** This method involves using bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to identify specific bacterial strains based on their susceptibility or resistance to particular phages.
2. **Serotyping:** It is a technique that differentiates bacterial strains based on the antigenic properties of their cell surface components, such as capsules, flagella, and somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens.
3. **Biochemical Testing:** This method uses biochemical reactions to identify specific metabolic pathways or enzymes present in bacterial strains, which can be used for differentiation. Commonly used tests include the catalase test, oxidase test, and various sugar fermentation tests.
4. **Molecular Typing Techniques:** These methods use genetic markers to identify and differentiate bacterial strains at the DNA level. Examples of molecular typing techniques include:
* **Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE):** This method uses restriction enzymes to digest bacterial DNA, followed by electrophoresis in an agarose gel under pulsed electrical fields. The resulting banding patterns are analyzed and compared to identify related strains.
* **Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST):** It involves sequencing specific housekeeping genes to generate unique sequence types that can be used for strain identification and phylogenetic analysis.
* **Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS):** This method sequences the entire genome of a bacterial strain, providing the most detailed information on genetic variation and relatedness between strains. WGS data can be analyzed using various bioinformatics tools to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene deletions or insertions, and other genetic changes that can be used for strain differentiation.
These molecular typing techniques provide higher resolution than traditional methods, allowing for more accurate identification and comparison of bacterial strains. They are particularly useful in epidemiological investigations to track the spread of pathogens and identify outbreaks.
Bacterial DNA refers to the genetic material found in bacteria. It is composed of a double-stranded helix containing four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria.
Bacterial DNA is circular in most bacterial species, although some have linear chromosomes. In addition to the main chromosome, many bacteria also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids that can carry additional genes and provide resistance to antibiotics or other environmental stressors.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, bacterial DNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is in direct contact with the cell's metabolic machinery. This allows for rapid gene expression and regulation in response to changing environmental conditions.
Water microbiology is not a formal medical term, but rather a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms found in water. It involves the identification, enumeration, and characterization of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other microscopic organisms present in water sources such as lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater.
In a medical context, water microbiology is relevant to public health because it helps to assess the safety of water supplies for human consumption and recreational activities. It also plays a critical role in understanding and preventing waterborne diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that can lead to illnesses such as diarrhea, skin infections, and respiratory problems.
Water microbiologists use various techniques to study water microorganisms, including culturing, microscopy, genetic analysis, and biochemical tests. They also investigate the ecology of these organisms, their interactions with other species, and their response to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability.
Overall, water microbiology is a vital field that helps ensure the safety of our water resources and protects public health.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.
Base composition in genetics refers to the relative proportion of the four nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine) in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, so the base composition is often expressed in terms of the ratio of adenine + thymine (A-T) to guanine + cytosine (G-C). This ratio can vary between species and even between different regions of the same genome. The base composition can provide important clues about the function, evolution, and structure of genetic material.
Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long aliphatic chain, which are important components of lipids and are widely distributed in living organisms. They can be classified based on the length of their carbon chain, saturation level (presence or absence of double bonds), and other structural features.
The two main types of fatty acids are:
1. Saturated fatty acids: These have no double bonds in their carbon chain and are typically solid at room temperature. Examples include palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0).
2. Unsaturated fatty acids: These contain one or more double bonds in their carbon chain and can be further classified into monounsaturated (one double bond) and polyunsaturated (two or more double bonds) fatty acids. Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid (C18:1, monounsaturated), linoleic acid (C18:2, polyunsaturated), and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3, polyunsaturated).
Fatty acids play crucial roles in various biological processes, such as energy storage, membrane structure, and cell signaling. Some essential fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through dietary sources.
Nucleic acid hybridization is a process in molecular biology where two single-stranded nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) with complementary sequences pair together to form a double-stranded molecule through hydrogen bonding. The strands can be from the same type of nucleic acid or different types (i.e., DNA-RNA or DNA-cDNA). This process is commonly used in various laboratory techniques, such as Southern blotting, Northern blotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microarray analysis, to detect, isolate, and analyze specific nucleic acid sequences. The hybridization temperature and conditions are critical to ensure the specificity of the interaction between the two strands.
DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.
The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.
In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.
Bacterial RNA refers to the genetic material present in bacteria that is composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Unlike higher organisms, bacteria contain a single circular chromosome made up of DNA, along with smaller circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These bacterial genetic materials contain the information necessary for the growth and reproduction of the organism.
Bacterial RNA can be divided into three main categories: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA). mRNA carries genetic information copied from DNA, which is then translated into proteins by the rRNA and tRNA molecules. rRNA is a structural component of the ribosome, where protein synthesis occurs, while tRNA acts as an adapter that brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.
Bacterial RNA plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including gene expression, protein synthesis, and regulation of metabolic pathways. Understanding the structure and function of bacterial RNA is essential for developing new antibiotics and other therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial infections.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geologic sediments" is not a term used in medical definitions. Geological sediments are deposits of material that accumulate over time, usually in layers, as a result of natural geological processes such as weathering, erosion, and deposition. These sediments can eventually become rock formations and provide important clues about the Earth's history, including information about past climates, environments, and life on Earth.
Temperature, in a medical context, is a measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment. It is usually measured using a thermometer and reported in degrees Celsius (°C), degrees Fahrenheit (°F), or kelvin (K). In the human body, normal core temperature ranges from about 36.5-37.5°C (97.7-99.5°F) when measured rectally, and can vary slightly depending on factors such as time of day, physical activity, and menstrual cycle. Elevated body temperature is a common sign of infection or inflammation, while abnormally low body temperature can indicate hypothermia or other medical conditions.
I believe there might be a slight confusion in your question. Bacteria do not produce spores; instead, it is fungi and other types of microorganisms that produce spores for reproduction and survival purposes. Spores are essentially reproductive cells that are resistant to heat, radiation, and chemicals, allowing them to survive under harsh conditions.
If you meant to ask about endospores, those are produced by some bacteria as a protective mechanism during times of stress or nutrient deprivation. Endospores are highly resistant structures containing bacterial DNA, ribosomes, and some enzymes. They can survive for long periods in extreme environments and germinate into vegetative cells when conditions improve.
Here's the medical definition of endospores:
Endospores (also called bacterial spores) are highly resistant, dormant structures produced by certain bacteria belonging to the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. They contain a core of bacterial DNA, ribosomes, and some enzymes surrounded by a protective layer called the spore coat. Endospores can survive under harsh conditions for extended periods and germinate into vegetative cells when favorable conditions return. Common examples of endospore-forming bacteria include Bacillus species (such as B. anthracis, which causes anthrax) and Clostridium species (such as C. difficile, which can cause severe diarrhea).
Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.
Anoxybacillus
Anoxybacillus gonensis
Alternative abiogenesis scenarios
Mount Rittmann
Fictibacillus gelatini
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Mount Melbourne
Geobacillus jurassicus
Cetacean microbiome
Chloracidobacterium
Endospore
Anoxybacillus - Wikipedia
Regulon of YtrA in Anoxybacillus flavithermus WK1
Diphenolases from Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis strains K1 and K4(T) | AVESİS
Jeroen Heyrman
HOMD :: Genome Info
Name Taxonomy in SILVA v123
Geothermal area Archives - Matís
Reshma Jadhav | Agharkar Research Institute
QAU Faculty | Microbiology | Prof. Dr. Aamer Ali Shah
Pesquisa | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde
Bacillaceae ⇒ Aeribacillus | Microbiota | MetaBiom
MicrobiomePrescription : microbiome labs/ megasporebiotic Bacteria Impacted
NHC Approved 1 New Food Raw Material and 9 New Food Additives in China - Regulatory News - Food & Food Contact Materials - CIRS...
생물자원센터 KCTC
Strain Engineering for Xylanase
L10 leader: Bacillales
Prediction and validation of novel SigB regulon members in Bacillus subtilis and regulon structure comparison to Bacillales...
Use of modified ichip for the cultivation of thermo-tolerant microorganisms from the hot spring | BMC Microbiology | Full Text
HAMAP
Pre GI: CDS description
Pre GI: BLASTP Hits
Going to extremes to tackle oil contamination - KAUST Discovery
Chemical Papers
Volume 23 No. 5 September - October, 2018
Kinetic characterization of annotated glycolytic enzymes present in cellulose-fermenting Clostridium thermocellum suggests...
HAMAP
Face Oil with Prebiotics - The Green Beauty Concept
All Publications
Flavithermus2
Geothermal1
- Anoxybacillus occur in geothermal springs, manure and milk processing plants. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria3
- Anoxybacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- INNOVATIVE PREBIOTIC LIPID COMPLEX: an innovative, highly concentrated blend of pre- and post-biotic lipids extracted from the extremophyte bacteria, Anoxybacillus kamchatkensi. (thegreenbeautyconcept.com)
- They fermented the oil cakes with the bacteria Anoxybacillus sp. (millenniumenzymes.com)
Strains1
- Diphenolases from Anoxybacillus kestanbolensis strains K1 and K4(T), highly active against 4-methylcatechol were characterized in terms of pH- and temperature-optima, pH- and temperature-stability, kinetic parameters, and inhibition/activation behaviour towards some general polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitors and metal ions. (ktu.edu.tr)
Species1
- The proteobacteria Thermomonas hydrothermalis and Tepidimonas ignava were also grown from several samples and the thermophilic Firmicutes species Anoxybacillus kualawohkensis. (matis.is)