Anoxia. Medical search

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

A reduction in brain oxygen supply due to ANOXEMIA (a reduced amount of oxygen being carried in the blood by HEMOGLOBIN), or to a restriction of the blood supply to the brain, or both. Severe hypoxia is referred to as anoxia, and is a relatively common cause of injury to the central nervous system. Prolonged brain anoxia may lead to BRAIN DEATH or a PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE. Histologically, this condition is characterized by neuronal loss which is most prominent in the HIPPOCAMPUS; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; CEREBELLUM; and inferior olives.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A genus of CRUSTACEA of the order ANOSTRACA, found in briny pools and lakes and often cultured for fish food. It has 168 chromosomes and differs from most crustaceans in that its blood contains hemoglobin.

Catalyzes the decarboxylation of an alpha keto acid to an aldehyde and carbon dioxide. Thiamine pyrophosphate is an essential cofactor. In lower organisms, which ferment glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide, the enzyme irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde. EC 4.1.1.1.

A part of the embryo in a seed plant. The number of cotyledons is an important feature in classifying plants. In seeds without an endosperm, they store food which is used in germination. In some plants, they emerge above the soil surface and become the first photosynthetic leaves. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.

A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes, but has been shown to be an especially potent inhibitor of heme enzymes and hemeproteins. It is used in many industrial processes.

A plant family of the order Najadales, subclass Alismatidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons).

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Common name for a number of different species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. This includes, among others, the common carp, crucian carp, grass carp, and silver carp.

A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.

Small oviparous fishes in the family Cyprinodontidae, usually striped or barred black. They are much used in mosquito control.

The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

A monocot plant family of the Liliopsida class. It is classified by some in the Liliales order and some in the Asparagales order.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

The ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are generally alternate, large, and compound. Flowers are five-parted and arranged in compound flat-topped umbels. The fruit is a berry or (rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).

A primitive form of digestive gland found in marine ARTHROPODS, that contains cells similar to those found in the mammalian liver (HEPATOCYTES), and the PANCREAS.

Organic compounds that contain two nitro groups attached to a phenol.

A plant genus of the family ACORACEAE, order Arales, subclass Arecidae most notable for Acorus calamus L. root which contains asarone and has been used in TRADITIONAL MEDICINE.

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)

A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is grown mainly as a hay crop.

Mixtures of closely related hypotensive alkaloids from Veratrum album (Liliaceae). They have been used in the treatment of hypertension but have largely been replaced by drugs with fewer adverse effects.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

A plant genus of the family ALISMATACEAE that grows in salty marshes and is used for phytoremediation of oil spills. The unisexual flowers have 3 sepals and 3 petals. Members contain trifoliones (DITERPENES).

Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.

Common name for a family of eel-shaped jawless fishes (Myxinidae), the only family in the order MYXINIFORMES. They are not true vertebrates.

Fluids found within the osseous labyrinth (PERILYMPH) and the membranous labyrinth (ENDOLYMPH) of the inner ear. (From Gray's Anatomy, 30th American ed, p1328, 1332)

The part of the membranous labyrinth that traverses the bony vestibular aqueduct and emerges through the bone of posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) where it expands into a blind pouch called the endolymphatic sac.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

The recording of wavelike motions or undulations. It is usually used on arteries to detect variations in blood pressure.

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Iodinated derivatives of acetic acid. Iodoacetates are commonly used as alkylating sulfhydryl reagents and enzyme inhibitors in biochemical research.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.

Animals and plants which have, as their normal mode of reproduction, both male and female sex organs in the same individual.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.

The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.

A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.

The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.

Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.

An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide.

Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial mollusks of the class Gastropoda. Most have an enclosing spiral shell, and several genera harbor parasites pathogenic to man.

A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays a role in APOPTOSIS. It is composed of two subunits: ARYL HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR and HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1, ALPHA SUBUNIT.

The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a source of energy for the cell.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Electron transfer through the cytochrome system liberating free energy which is transformed into high-energy phosphate bonds.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.

The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. The pH (HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION) of the arterial BLOOD provides an index for the total body acid-base balance.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.

Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)

A group of elongate elasmobranchs. Sharks are mostly marine fish, with certain species large and voracious.

The initial stages of the growth of SEEDS into a SEEDLINGS. The embryonic shoot (plumule) and embryonic PLANT ROOTS (radicle) emerge and grow upwards and downwards respectively. Food reserves for germination come from endosperm tissue within the seed and/or from the seed leaves (COTYLEDON). (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290)

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

A compound tubular gland, located around the eyes and nasal passages in marine animals and birds, the physiology of which figures in water-electrolyte balance. The Pekin duck serves as a common research animal in salt gland studies. A rectal gland or rectal salt gland in the dogfish shark is attached at the junction of the intestine and cloaca and aids the kidneys in removing excess salts from the blood. (Storer, Usinger, Stebbins & Nybakken: General Zoology, 6th ed, p658)

Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-biphosphate to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The enzyme also acts on (3S,4R)-ketose 1-phosphates. The yeast and bacterial enzymes are zinc proteins. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) E.C. 4.1.2.13.

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is regulated by OXYGEN availability and is targeted for degradation by VHL TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN.

The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.

The mitochondria of the myocardium.

An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed)

A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.

Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.

2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

Proteins which are synthesized in eukaryotic organisms and bacteria in response to hyperthermia and other environmental stresses. They increase thermal tolerance and perform functions essential to cell survival under these conditions.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Naphthalene derivatives carrying one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups at any ring position. They are often used in dyes and pigments, as antioxidants for rubber, fats, and oils, as insecticides, in pharmaceuticals, and in numerous other applications.

Drugs that bind to and block the activation of ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTORS.

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

Cell membrane glycoproteins that are selectively permeable to potassium ions. At least eight major groups of K channels exist and they are made up of dozens of different subunits.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.

A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.

Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.

A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.

Organisms whose GENOME has been changed by a GENETIC ENGINEERING technique.

A small cluster of chemoreceptive and supporting cells located near the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery. The carotid body, which is richly supplied with fenestrated capillaries, senses the pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen concentrations in the blood and plays a crucial role in their homeostatic control.

The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.

Root-like underground horizontal stem of plants that produces shoots above and roots below. Distinguished from true roots which don't have buds and nodes. Similar to true roots in being underground and thickened by storage deposits.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Identification and measurement of ELEMENTS and their location based on the fact that X-RAYS emitted by an element excited by an electron beam have a wavelength characteristic of that element and an intensity related to its concentration. It is performed with an electron microscope fitted with an x-ray spectrometer, in scanning or transmission mode.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

The technique of using a microtome to cut thin or ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in a supporting substance. The microtome is an instrument that hold a steel, glass or diamond knife in clamps at an angle to the blocks of prepared tissues, which it cuts in sections of equal thickness.

Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Organic compounds containing both the hydroxyl and carboxyl radicals.

10-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.

An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart.

A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).

A technique in which tissue is rendered resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged ISCHEMIA and REPERFUSION by prior exposure to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion. (Am J Physiol 1995 May;268(5 Pt 2):H2063-7, Abstract)

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

An analytical method for detecting and measuring FLUORESCENCE in compounds or targets such as cells, proteins, or nucleotides, or targets previously labeled with FLUORESCENCE AGENTS.

Liquids transforming into solids by the removal of heat.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.

Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.

The unfavorable effect of environmental factors (stressors) on the physiological functions of an organism. Prolonged unresolved physiological stress can affect HOMEOSTASIS of the organism, and may lead to damaging or pathological conditions.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.

A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

A purine and a reaction intermediate in the metabolism of adenosine and in the formation of nucleic acids by the salvage pathway.

A great expanse of continuous bodies of salt water which together cover more than 70 percent of the earth's surface. Seas may be partially or entirely enclosed by land, and are smaller than the five oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic).

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM.

Drugs that bind to and block the activation of PURINERGIC RECEPTORS.

An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996)

Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

An allosteric enzyme that regulates glycolysis by catalyzing the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate to yield fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. D-tagatose- 6-phosphate and sedoheptulose-7-phosphate also are acceptors. UTP, CTP, and ITP also are donors. In human phosphofructokinase-1, three types of subunits have been identified. They are PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, MUSCLE TYPE; PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, LIVER TYPE; and PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE-1, TYPE C; found in platelets, brain, and other tissues.

Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.

A complex of enzymes and PROTON PUMPS located on the inner membrane of the MITOCHONDRIA and in bacterial membranes. The protein complex provides energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient, which may be used by either MITOCHONDRIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES or BACTERIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A large stout-bodied, sometimes anadromous, TROUT found in still and flowing waters of the Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska. It has a greenish back, a whitish belly, and pink, red, or lavender stripes on the sides, with usually a sprinkling of black dots. It is highly regarded as a sport and food fish. Its former name was Salmo gairdneri. The sea-run rainbow trouts are often called steelheads. Redband trouts refer to interior populations of rainbows.

An alkaloid from SOLANACEAE, especially DATURA and SCOPOLIA. Scopolamine and its quaternary derivatives act as antimuscarinics like ATROPINE, but may have more central nervous system effects. Among the many uses are as an anesthetic premedication, in URINARY INCONTINENCE, in MOTION SICKNESS, as an antispasmodic, and as a mydriatic and cycloplegic.

Quantification of tumour vasculature and hypoxia by immunohistochemical staining and HbO2 saturation measurements. (1/8649)

Despite the possibility that tumour hypoxia may limit radiotherapeutic response, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. A new methodology has been developed in which information from several sophisticated techniques is combined and analysed at a microregional level. First, tumour oxygen availability is spatially defined by measuring intravascular blood oxygen saturations (HbO2) cryospectrophotometrically in frozen tumour blocks. Second, hypoxic development is quantified in adjacent sections using immunohistochemical detection of a fluorescently conjugated monoclonal antibody (ELK3-51) to a nitroheterocyclic hypoxia marker (EF5), thereby providing information relating to both the oxygen consumption rates and the effective oxygen diffusion distances. Third, a combination of fluorescent (Hoechst 33342 or DiOC7(3)) and immunohistological (PECAM-1/CD31) stains is used to define the anatomical vascular densities and the fraction of blood vessels containing flow. Using a computer-interfaced microscope stage, image analysis software and a 3-CCD colour video camera, multiple images are digitized, combined to form a photo-montage and revisited after each of the three staining protocols. By applying image registration techniques, the spatial distribution of HbO2 saturations is matched to corresponding hypoxic marker intensities in adjacent sections. This permits vascular configuration to be related to oxygen availability and allows the hypoxic marker intensities to be quantitated in situ. (+info)

Effect of chronic hypoxia on alpha-1 adrenoceptor-mediated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling in ovine uterine artery. (2/8649)

The present study examined the effect of chronic hypoxia on coupling efficiency of alpha-1 adrenoceptors to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) signaling in ovine uterine artery. Chronic hypoxia did not change the time course of InsP3 formation, but significantly decreased the potency (pD2: 6.17 +/- 0.09 --> 5.26 +/- 0.12) and the maximal response (220.7 +/- 21.7 --> 147.7 +/- 15.3 pmol/mg protein) of norepinephrine-induced InsP3 synthesis. The coupling efficiency of alpha-1 adrenoceptors to InsP3 synthesis (picomoles InsP3 per femtomoles receptor) was decreased 45% by chronic hypoxia. In addition, simultaneous measurement of norepinephrine-induced contractions and InsP3 synthesis indicated that for a given amount of InsP3 generated, the contractile force of the uterine artery was significantly less in chronically hypoxic than in control tissues (0. 27 +/- 0.01 versus 0.35 +/- 0.02 g tension/pmol InsP3). InsP3 receptors were characterized using radioligand binding techniques. Although the density of InsP3 receptors was not changed by chronic hypoxia (Bmax: 325 +/- 35 --> 378 +/- 18 fmol/mg protein), the dissociation constant (Kd) of InsP3 to its receptors was significantly increased (Kd: 5.20 +/- 0.40 --> 7.81 +/- 0.34 nM). Analysis of InsP3 receptor occupancy-tension development relationship indicated no difference in intrinsic ability of the InsP3-receptor complex in eliciting contractions between the control and hypoxic tissues. Our results suggest that chronic hypoxia attenuates coupling efficiency of alpha-1 adrenoceptors to InsP3 synthesis in the uterine artery. In addition, the tissue contractile sensitivity to InsP3 is reduced, which is mediated predominantly by a decrease in InsP3 binding affinity to InsP3 receptors. (+info)

Nonlinear indicial response of complex nonstationary oscillations as pulmonary hypertension responding to step hypoxia. (3/8649)

This paper is devoted to the quantization of the degree of nonlinearity of the relationship between two biological variables when one of the variables is a complex nonstationary oscillatory signal. An example of the situation is the indicial responses of pulmonary blood pressure (P) to step changes of oxygen tension (DeltapO2) in the breathing gas. For a step change of DeltapO2 beginning at time t1, the pulmonary blood pressure is a nonlinear function of time and DeltapO2, which can be written as P(t-t1 | DeltapO2). An effective method does not exist to examine the nonlinear function P(t-t1 | DeltapO2). A systematic approach is proposed here. The definitions of mean trends and oscillations about the means are the keys. With these keys a practical method of calculation is devised. We fit the mean trends of blood pressure with analytic functions of time, whose nonlinearity with respect to the oxygen level is clarified here. The associated oscillations about the mean can be transformed into Hilbert spectrum. An integration of the square of the Hilbert spectrum over frequency yields a measure of oscillatory energy, which is also a function of time, whose mean trends can be expressed by analytic functions. The degree of nonlinearity of the oscillatory energy with respect to the oxygen level also is clarified here. Theoretical extension of the experimental nonlinear indicial functions to arbitrary history of hypoxia is proposed. Application of the results to tissue remodeling and tissue engineering of blood vessels is discussed. (+info)

Depression of peripheral chemosensitivity by a dopaminergic mechanism in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. (4/8649)

In the present study, respiratory drives to chemical stimuli and peripheral chemosensitivity were evaluated in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSAS). The effects of oral administration of domperidone, a selective dopamine D2-receptor antagonist, were also examined, to study the respiratory effects of endogenous dopamine on peripheral chemoreceptors. Sixteen patients with OSAS and nine normal control subjects were studied. Respiratory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were measured using the rebreathing method and isocapnic progressive hypoxia method, respectively. The hypoxic withdrawal test, which measures the decrease in ventilation caused by two breaths of 100% O2 under mild hypercapnic hypoxic conditions (end-tidal oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions approximately 8.0 kPa and 5.3-6.7 kPa, respectively), was used to evaluate peripheral chemosensitivity. In the patients with OSAS, ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were significantly decreased compared with those of control subjects. Hypoxic withdrawal tests showed that peripheral chemosensitivity was significantly lower in patients with OSAS than in normal subjects. Hypercapnic ventilatory response and peripheral chemosensitivity were enhanced by administration of domperidone in the patients with OSAS, although no changes in either of these were observed in the control subjects. The hypoxic ventilatory response and peripheral chemosensitivity in the patients with OSAS were each significantly correlated with severity of hypoxia during sleep. These findings suggest that peripheral chemosensitivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome may be decreased as a result of abnormality in dopaminergic mechanisms and that the reduced chemosensitivity observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome may affect the severity of hypoxia during sleep. (+info)

Evidence of O2 supply-dependent VO2 max in the exercise-trained human quadriceps. (5/8649)

Maximal O2 delivery and O2 uptake (VO2) per 100 g of active muscle mass are far greater during knee extensor (KE) than during cycle exercise: 73 and 60 ml. min-1. 100 g-1 (2.4 kg of muscle) (R. S. Richardson, D. R. Knight, D. C. Poole, S. S. Kurdak, M. C. Hogan, B. Grassi, and P. D. Wagner. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 37): H1453-H1461, 1995) and 28 and 25 ml. min-1. 100 g-1 (7.5 kg of muscle) (D. R. Knight, W. Schaffartzik, H. J. Guy, R. Predilleto, M. C. Hogan, and P. D. Wagner. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 2586-2593, 1993), respectively. Although this is evidence of muscle O2 supply dependence in itself, it raises the following question: With such high O2 delivery in KE, are the quadriceps still O2 supply dependent at maximal exercise? To answer this question, seven trained subjects performed maximum KE exercise in hypoxia [0.12 inspired O2 fraction (FIO2)], normoxia (0.21 FIO2), and hyperoxia (1.0 FIO2) in a balanced order. The protocol (after warm-up) was a square wave to a previously determined maximum work rate followed by incremental stages to ensure that a true maximum was achieved under each condition. Direct measures of arterial and venous blood O2 concentration in combination with a thermodilution blood flow technique allowed the determination of O2 delivery and muscle VO2. Maximal O2 delivery increased with inspired O2: 1.3 +/- 0.1, 1.6 +/- 0.2, and 1.9 +/- 0.2 l/min at 0.12, 0.21, and 1.0 FIO2, respectively (P < 0.05). Maximal work rate was affected by variations in inspired O2 (-25 and +14% at 0.12 and 1.0 FIO2, respectively, compared with normoxia, P < 0.05) as was maximal VO2 (VO2 max): 1.04 +/- 0.13, 1. 24 +/- 0.16, and 1.45 +/- 0.19 l/min at 0.12, 0.21, and 1.0 FIO2, respectively (P < 0.05). Calculated mean capillary PO2 also varied with FIO2 (28.3 +/- 1.0, 34.8 +/- 2.0, and 40.7 +/- 1.9 Torr at 0.12, 0.21, and 1.0 FIO2, respectively, P < 0.05) and was proportionally related to changes in VO2 max, supporting our previous finding that a decrease in O2 supply will proportionately decrease muscle VO2 max. As even in the isolated quadriceps (where normoxic O2 delivery is the highest recorded in humans) an increase in O2 supply by hyperoxia allows the achievement of a greater VO2 max, we conclude that, in normoxic conditions of isolated KE exercise, KE VO2 max in trained subjects is not limited by mitochondrial metabolic rate but, rather, by O2 supply. (+info)

Mechanisms of hypoxic vasodilatation of isolated rat mesenteric arteries: a comparison with metabolic inhibition. (6/8649)

1. Hypoxia (PO2 < 5 mmHg) decreased vessel tone in isolated rat mesenteric arteries precontracted with either high [K+] or the thromboxane analogue U46619. This response was not altered by N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) and indomethacin. 2. Simultaneous measurement of pHi and tension showed that the decrease in vessel tone was accompanied by an intracellular acidification. Similar reductions in tone and pHi were observed with the metabolic inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and sodium azide. 3. The presence of the lactate transport inhibitor alpha-cyano-4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (CHC) increased the magnitude of the acidification and resulted in a significantly faster reduction in tone in response to hypoxia. Addition of CHC to normoxic tissues caused both a vasodilatation and a reduction of pHi. 4. A decrease in pHi induced on washout of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) resulted in an increase in tone. 5. Relaxation to hypoxia or metabolic inhibition was unaffected when the change in pHi was neutralized by addition of the weak base trimethylamine (TMA). 6. It is concluded that severe hypoxia decreases tone in isolated rat mesenteric arteries by a mechanism which is independent of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Both severe hypoxia and metabolic inhibition reduced pHi, although this does not appear to be contributing to the changes in tone observed. (+info)

Comparison of vascular reactivity in spinal cord and brain. (7/8649)

The local tissue PO2 in the brain cortex and in the spinal cord of rats was examined with ultramicroelectrodes. In the spinal cord the PO2 was highest in white matter, intermediate in dorsal horn gray matter, and lowest in the ventral horn gray matter. In the gray matter of the cord, as well as in the brain, the PO2 at a fixed locus was found normally to oscillate. CO2 responses were more brisk in the cord than in the brain while the responses to hypoxia were similar. Therefore, it appears that the physiological regulation of blood flow in the spinal cord is qualitatively similar to that of the brain. (+info)

Estimation of corneal endothelial pump function in long-term contact lens wearers. (8/8649)

PURPOSE: To study the effects of long-term contact lens wear on morphologic and physiologic properties of corneal endothelial cells. METHODS: The endothelial permeability to fluorescein and the rate of corneal deswelling from hypoxia-induced edema were measured in 20 long-term (mean, 17+/-9 years; range, 5-33 years) contact lens wearers and 20 age-matched control subjects. From these data, the relative endothelial pump rate in each subject was estimated, based on the pump-leak hypothesis of corneal hydration control. Corneal autofluorescence and the aqueous humor flow rate were determined by fluorescein fluorophotometry. Images of corneal endothelial cells were recorded by using specular microscopy, and morphologic indices (cell density, coefficient of variation of cell area, percentage of hexagonal cells, and skewness) were determined. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the contact lens and control groups in endothelial permeability, corneal deswelling, relative endothelial pump rate ([mean +/- SD] 1.07+/-0.33 relative pump units versus 1.01+/-0.25 relative pump units; contact lens versus control; P = 0.57), and endothelial cell density. Contact lens wearers had a significantly higher aqueous humor flow rate (3.57+/-1.03 microl/min versus 2.77+/-0.51 microl/min; P = 0.005), coefficient of variation of cell area (0.35+/-0.09 versus 0.28+/-0.04; P = 0.006), and corneal autofluorescence (3.1+/-0.6 ng/ml versus 2.3+/-0.3 ng/ml fluorescein equivalents; P < 0.001) than did non-contact lens wearers. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the known effects of long-term contact lens wear on corneal endothelial morphometry, no effect on endothelial function was found. (+info)

Anoxia[edit]. See also: Anoxic event. Evidence for widespread ocean anoxia (severe deficiency of oxygen) and euxinia (presence ... Once anoxia became established, it would have been sustained by a positive feedback loop because deep water anoxia tends to ... The persistence of anoxia through the Early Triassic may explain the slow recovery of marine life after the extinction. Models ... Rather than a sudden decline in sea level, intermittent periods of ocean-bottom hyperoxia and anoxia (high-oxygen and low- or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian-triassic_extinction

Anoxia. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology. 21. pp. 205-17. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1896-8_12. ISBN 978- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardigrade

Anoxia means there is no oxygen. Anoxic is used in biology to refer to habitats with little or no oxygen. A related term is ... Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anoxia&oldid=6721669" ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic

Anoxia or hypoxemia is a low level of oxygen in the blood. The word "anoxic" used in biology to refer to habitats with little ... Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anoxia&oldid=7196410" ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic

The Fink effect, also known as "diffusion anoxia", "diffusion hypoxia", or the "second gas effect", is a factor that influences ... ISBN 978-0-443-06785-3. Bernard R. Fink (1955). "Diffusion Anoxia". Anesthesiology. 16 (4): 511-519. doi:10.1097/00000542- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fink_effect

He first explained the Fink Effect in his 1955 paper "Diffusion anoxia". He went to the University of London at 16. He served ... Retrieved 2010-01-27.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) B. R. Fink (1955). "Diffusion anoxia". Anesthesiology. 16 (51): 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Raymond_Fink

Another anoxia-tolerant animal that is commonly used as a model to study anoxia in the mammalian brain is the crucian carp, ... Even though glycolysis is stimulated early in anoxia in both the crucian carp and C. picta, the crucian carp is able to stay ... Anoxia-prone cells in the brain include the hippocampal pyramidal cells of CA1, cerebellar purkinje cells, pyramidal ... Selective vulnerability is how some parts of the brain are more sensitive to anoxia than others, and thus to ischemic insult. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_of_anoxic_depolarization_in_the_brain

Peskine, A; Picq, C; Pradat-Diehl, P (Dec 2004). "Cerebral anoxia and disability". Brain Injury. 18 (12): 1243-54. doi:10.1080/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait_theory

Anoxia and the Electroencephalogram. Springfield, Illinois, C. C. Thomas 1961 Bonduelle M, Gastaut H, eds. Les Myoclonies. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gastaut

Stroke or brain anoxia. Brain tumor Brain trauma Autoimmune disease Paraneoplastic syndrome Micrometastasis neurodegenerative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_aphasia

However, anoxia was also rife during the Hirnantian (late Ordovician) ice age. Oceanic anoxic events have been recognized ... Currently,[when?] there are several places on earth exhibiting the features of anoxia on a local scale such as algal/bacterial ... Page, A. (2007). "Deglacial anoxia in a long-lived Early Palaeozoic Icehouse." (PDF). In Budd, G. E.; Streng, M.; Daley, A. C ... Pearce, C. R.; Cohen, A. S.; Coe, A. L.; Burton, K. W. (March 2008). "Molybdenum isotope evidence for global ocean anoxia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_event

p.295 PLUM, FRED (July 1962). "Delayed Neurological Deterioration After Anoxia". Archives of Internal Medicine. 110 (1): 18-25 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinker_myelinopathy

In May 2020, studies suggested the cause of the mass extinction was due to global warming, related to volcanism, and anoxia, ... Bond, David P.G.; Grasby, Stephen E. (18 May 2020). "Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia, ... Watson, Andrew J. (2016-12-23). "Oceans on the edge of anoxia". Science. 354 (6319): 1529-1530. Bibcode:2016Sci...354.1529W. ... full-scale ocean anoxia would take "thousands of years to develop". Kump, Pavlov and Arthur (2005) have proposed that during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinction_event

Past and Present Water Column Anoxia. Dordrecht (Netherlands), Springer, 2006. O'Sullivan, Patrick E., and Colin S. Reynolds, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemocline

... anoxia in at least some strata; high turbidity; high incident irradiation; and low macrophyte biomass. The bacterium is thought ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindrospermopsis_raciborskii

anoxia Tissues completely lacking in oxygen. anoxic Environment or gas completely lacking in oxygen. AODC Association of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_underwater_diving_terminology

Anoxia and Ischemia; and collected papers in Emergency Medical Services and Traumatology. Editorial boards: Disaster Medicine; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_Adams_Cowley

This is because anoxia slows the degradation of organic matter, allowing for greater burial in the sediments. Other evidence ... This caused a temporary state of total anoxia in the fjord, and resulted in dramatic fish mortality. This fjord is marked by a ... The degree of pyritization and the δ34S were both high, supporting the presence of anoxia and sulfide, as well as the depletion ... Anoxia and sulfidic conditions often occur together. In anoxic conditions anaerobic, sulfate reducing bacteria convert sulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euxinia

". "Autopsy results reveal triathlete died of anoxia". Siskiyou Daily News, Yreka, CA. Retrieved 2019-07-19. Harding, Thomas ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_triathlon_fatalities

Anoxia is further influenced by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which is the amount of oxygen used by marine organisms in the ... This property leads to daily anoxic cycles on small geographic scales and seasonal cycles of anoxia on larger scales. Thus, ... Sarmiento, J. L.; Herbert, T. D.; Toggweiler, J. R. (1988). "Causes of anoxia in the world ocean". Global Biogeochemical Cycles ... H3PO4 Anoxia is quite common in muddy ocean bottoms where there are both high amounts of organic matter and low levels of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_waters

He experiences anoxia, resulting in brain damage. Henry survives but can neither move nor talk and he suffers retrograde ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regarding_Henry

Importance of substrate-level phosphorylation in anoxiaEdit. During anoxia, provision of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate-level_phosphorylation

"Differential Vulnerability of Spinal Cord Structures to Anoxia". Journal of Neurophysiology. 18 (2): 170-188. doi:10.1152/jn. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Gelfan

Seliger, H.H; Boggs, J.A; Biggley, W.H (1985). "Catastrophic Anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay in 1984". Science. 228 (4695): 70-73 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Harold_Seliger

The cause of death is "anoxia and hypercarbia". Due to the fact adult beetles mostly live outside, permanent mitigation is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthrenocerus_australis

Altenbach, A. V., In Bernhard, J. M., & In Seckbach, J. (2012). Anoxia: Evidence for eukaryote survival and paleontological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_B._Frankel

Once anoxia became established, it would have been sustained by a positive feedback loop because deep water anoxia tends to ... The persistence of anoxia through the Early Triassic may explain the slow recovery of marine life after the extinction. Models ... Rather than a sudden decline in sea level, intermittent periods of ocean-bottom hyperoxia and anoxia (high-oxygen and low- or ... The relative delay in the recovery of benthic organisms has been attributed to widespread anoxia, but high abundances of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permian–Triassic_extinction_event

Effects of anoxia on adrenergic and cholinergic control". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 203 (Pt 24): 3775-3784. PMID ... Krivoruchko, A.; Storey, K. B. (2010). "Forever Young: Mechanisms of Natural Anoxia Tolerance and Potential Links to Longevity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-eared_slider

Neonatal cardiomyocytes ultrastructure after anoxia-reoxygenation.. Defective pathways[edit]. The many different types of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis

The brims are thought to have served a respiratory purpose, and the increasing anoxia of waters led to an increase in their ... David P. G. Bond; Paul B. Wignalla (2008). "The role of sea-level change and marine anoxia in the Frasnian-Famennian (Late ... Evidence exists of widespread anoxia in oceanic bottom waters; the rate of carbon burial shot up, and benthic organisms were ... The extinction events were accompanied by widespread oceanic anoxia; that is, a lack of oxygen, prohibiting decay and allowing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Devonian_extinction

... anoxia) may result in a coma that lasts for several weeks and is often fatal. Stroke, a rupture or blockage of vessels ... with lack of oxygen (anoxia). Fetal anoxia may occur from inadequate oxygenation of the mother, low maternal blood pressure, or ... contrast, lack of oxygen (anoxia) may result in a coma that lasts for several weeks and is often fatal. Stroke, a rupture or ... result from insufficient oxygen (anoxia) during a difficult and prolonged delivery or from the condition known as kernicterus, ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/anoxia

Anoxia occurs when a persons body or brain stops getting oxygen. Learn more about the causes, symptoms, and types in this ... Some of the different types of anoxia are:. Anemic anoxia. Anemic anoxia takes place where there is not enough hemoglobin in a ... Stagnant anoxia. Stagnant anoxia happens when a persons blood does not reach the brain or other parts of the body that require ... Toxic anoxia. Toxic anoxia stops the blood from carrying oxygen around the body effectively. It can occur after a person ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320585.php

The term anoxia means a total depletion in the level of oxygen, an extreme form of hypoxia or "low oxygen". The terms anoxia ... when the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply Cerebral anoxia, when the brain is completely ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anoxia. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ... deprived of oxygen, an extreme form of cerebral hypoxia Anoxia (beetle), a genus of scarab beetles Oxygen saturation, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxia

Anoxia is usually a result of hypoxia. Heres what you need to know. ... Anoxia happens when your body or brain completely loses its oxygen supply. ... What is anoxia?. Anoxia happens when your body or brain completely loses its oxygen supply. Anoxia is usually a result of ... How is anoxia diagnosed?. In order to find out if any symptoms youre having are related to hypoxia or anoxia, your doctor may ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/anoxia

Anoxia affinis Anoxia africana Anoxia arenbergeri Anoxia asiatica Anoxia australis Anoxia baraudi Anoxia caphtor Anoxia ... Anoxia pasiphae Anoxia pilosa Anoxia rattoi Anoxia reisseri Anoxia rotroui Anoxia scutellaris Anoxia smyrnensis Anoxia tristis ... Anoxia cingulata Anoxia cretica Anoxia cypria Anoxia derelicta Anoxia desbrochersi Anoxia emarginata Anoxia hirta Anoxia ... Anoxia kocheri Anoxia kraatzi Anoxia laevimacula Anoxia lodosi Anoxia luteipilosa Anoxia maculiventris Anoxia makrisi Anoxia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxia_(beetle)

Anoxic anoxia definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up ... Words nearby anoxic anoxia. anovulation, anovulatory, anoxaemia, anoxemia, anoxia, anoxic anoxia, ANPA, ANPR, Anqing, Anquetil ... Hypoxia or anoxia or lack of oxygen could affect his memory.. Warren Commission (6 of 26): Hearings Vol. VI (of 15),The ... There they encountered the larvae of the Cetonia, the Oryctes, the Anoxia, succulent morsels on which to rear their families. ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/anoxic-anoxia

Anoxia niceaensis Baraud, 1990 References[edit]. Links[edit]. *Schoolmeesters P. 2017. Scarabs: World Scarabaeidae Database ( ... Genus: Anoxia. Species: Anoxia niceaensis Name[edit]. ...

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anoxia_niceaensis

Effects of anoxia on ATP, water, ion and pH balance in an insect (Locusta migratoria) Mathias V. Ravn, Jacob B. Campbell, Lucie ... Effects of prolonged anoxia on electrical activity of the heart in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) Elisa Tikkanen, Jaakko ... Taurine activates glycine and GABAA receptor currents in anoxia-tolerant painted turtle pyramidal neurons Ashley R. Miles, ... Anoxia-mediated calcium release through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore silences NMDA receptor currents in ...

http://jeb.biologists.org/keyword/anoxia-tolerance

... Dataset GBIF Backbone Taxonomy Rank SPECIES Classification. kingdom Animalia phylum ...

https://www.gbif.org/species/1054755

... Dataset GBIF Backbone Taxonomy Rank SPECIES Classification. kingdom Animalia phylum Arthropoda ...

https://www.gbif.org/species/1054741

Buy Anoxia - Intense Killings - Pathos Productions - CD, Album, Ltd - PP 006 CD, includes Rebirth Of Humanity, Visions Of The ...

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxia

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic

... Hans Christian Eidenert hce at bahnhof.se Tue Jun 20 05:39:12 EST ... Anoxia with posttraumatic amnesia Hello there, This is a serious attempt to find more information and consultation from various ... The neuropsychologist that I spoke to today told me that in his experience patients with anoxia either regain their motoric ...

http://www.bio.net/hypermail/neur-sci/1995-June/018824.html

... transect across the Chesapeake Bay near the mouth of the Choptank River were used to reconstruct a 2000-year history of anoxia ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/254/5034/992

The second L A N D album, Anoxia, sees Daniel Lea return alone with an outing that marks a shift from the industrial inflected ... Anoxia may well be in a time outside of time. A Ballardian imagination is opened up that allows the inverted dreams of the mind ... And while Anoxia means the total absence of oxygen, in Leas hands it heralds aural environments that are full of the dreams of ... "Anoxia is dark and dynamic, filled with original timbres and some of the best stereo effects weve heard all year. The title ...

https://importantrecords.com/products/imprec429

... n : the absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues. This type of lack of oxygen in the ... brain - cerebral anoxia is sometimes cited as a possible cause of the near death experience. For example a lack of oxygen in ...

http://www.paranormality.com/anoxia.shtml

Effect of anoxia on starch breakdown in rice and wheat seeds.. Perata P1, Pozueta-Romero J, Akazawa T, Yamaguchi J. ... Wheat seeds were shown to germinate even under anoxia if fed glucose or sucrose exogenously. The overall results indicate that ... The results showed that rice, a species highly tolerant to anoxia, can readily break down starch under anaerobiosis concomitant ... in rice under anoxia, whereas the enzyme is not produced in wheat seeds. We found that rice seeds possess a set of enzymes ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24178396?dopt=Abstract

Hints: Click on a [map] link to show a map of that region. Click on a [studies] link to search within your current results for studies in that region. Use the back button to return to this list and try another region. Studies with no locations are not included in the counts or on the map. Studies with multiple locations are included in each region containing locations ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results/map?cond=%22Anoxia%22&intr=%22Hypnotics+and+Sedatives%22&map=

anoxia [27,37,40-41], or to global warming [32,42].. Thus it seems a reasonable point to report upon. I agree that most ... But was anoxia the sole cause on a global scale? That, the authors say, remains equivocal: although records of anoxic events ... As I understand the issue that has been raised about ocean anoxia causing widespread extinction on Earth it is not that all the ... Death in Jurassic Park: global warming and ocean anoxia. Posted on 15 March 2013 by John Mason. New research links greenhouse ...

https://skepticalscience.com/jurassic-global-warming.html

Data on rocks from Spitsbergen and the equatorial sections of Italy and Slovenia indicate that the worlds oceans became anoxic at both low and high paleolatitudes in the Late Permian. Such conditions may have been responsible for the mass extinction at this time. This event affected a wide range of shelf depths and extended into shallow water well above the storm wave base.. ...

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/272/5265/1155?ijkey=0a9b510c54038a609070da302e8468a985865551&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

... anoxia explanation free. What is anoxia? Meaning of anoxia medical term. What does anoxia mean? ... Looking for online definition of anoxia in the Medical Dictionary? ... Related to anoxia: acidosis, cerebral palsy, necrosis, Arcoxia, Cerebral anoxia. Anoxia. Definition. Anoxia is a condition ... Kinds of anoxia include anemic anoxia and stagnant anoxia. See also hypoxemia, hypoxia. anoxic, adj. ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anoxia

GSA Bulletin: Rock avalanches, ancient weather, astronomical clocks, anoxia, and volcanism. Geological Society of America ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-04/gsoa-gbr040414.php

... anoxia) of minutes can quickly cause human death. But the western painted turtle can survive anoxia for months without apparent ... In anoxia, why cant humans be more like western painted turtles? The right answer could yield better anesthetics, as well as ... "Key to surviving anoxia is the shutting off of energy-utilizing cellular activities, such as the synthesis of proteins and ... Unlike anoxia-sensitive mammals, this doesnt occur in the western painted turtles brain. *Paper presentation: "NMDA receptor ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-04/aps-iaw032805.php

The physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie anoxia tolerance in turtles include profound metabolic rate ... In the present review we discuss the recent advances made in understanding the molecular nature of anoxia tolerance in turtles ... Many of the mechanisms involved in natural anoxia tolerance, such as hypometabolism or the induction of various protective ... The physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie anoxia tolerance in turtles include profound metabolic rate ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2010/306209/

Anoxia may well be in a time outside of time. On "Anoxia," cello harmonics swing their head and screech like prancing komodo ... "Anoxia"; Clive Bell: shakuhachi on "Drop City," "Equinox," and "Anoxia"; Leo Abrahams: processed guitars on "Neutra," " ... The second L A N D album, Anoxia, sees Daniel Lea return alone with an outing that marks a shift from the industrial-inflected ... "Anoxia" means "total absence of oxygen," and in Leas hands the term heralds aural environments that are full of the dreams of ...

https://www.forcedexposure.com/Product.aspx?CatalogNo=l-a-n-d-anoxia-lp/IMPREC.429LP

Alybaev, A.M., Bobkov, Y.G. & Losev, A.S. Role of cholinergic systems in the recovery period after acute hypobaric anoxia. Bull ... Role of cholinergic systems in the recovery period after acute hypobaric anoxia. *A. M. Alybaev, ... V. A. Berezovskii (ed.), Anoxia and Individual Differences in Reactivity [in Russian], Kiev (1978). ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00834968

1 day of anoxia (20°), 5 days of anoxia (20°), 1 day of normoxia (28°), or 1 day of anoxia (28°). Animals exposed to anoxia ... anoxia survival phenotypes:. The long-term anoxia and high-temperature anoxia survival phenotypes of daf-2(e1370) animals were ... time-lapse microscopy is used to assay animal motility in anoxia. Time 0 is when the anoxia sensor in the anoxia bag indicates ... animals have an enhanced anoxia-survival phenotype in that they survive long-term anoxia and high-temperature anoxia, do not ...

https://www.genetics.org/content/174/3/1173

During his internship, Koda will be documenting his experiences on his new blog, From Data to Anoxia: The Experiences of an ... Introducing a new associated blog: From Data to Anoxia. June 21, 2017 ...

https://www.brown.edu/research/facilities/haffenreffer-museum/news/2017-06/introducing-new-associated-blog-data-anoxia

Psychology definition for Anoxia in normal everyday language, edited by psychologists, professors and leading students. Help us ... Anoxia. Anoxia occurs when oxygen is absent or depleted and unable to properly reach organs or tissue. Anoxia has been shown to ... Anoxia typically refers to complete oxygen deprivation while partial deprivation is called hypoxia (although occasionally these ... terms are used interchangeably). Anoxia can be caused by a variety of situations like asthma, medical conditions that affect ...

https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Anoxia

Anoxic anoxia can happen when there is not enough oxygen available to ensure the body functions properly. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Anoxic anoxia happens when there's not enough oxygen available to your body. (healthline.com)
One form of anoxic anoxia can happen when you're at high altitudes. (healthline.com)
Exerting yourself when you're at high altitudes can make the effects of anoxic anoxia worse. (healthline.com)
Anoxic anoxia can also be caused by anything that keeps your lungs from working properly and limiting the body's oxygen. (healthline.com)
Taurine increases naturally in anoxic painted turtle brain and can activate both GABA and glycine receptors, which probably contributes to the mechanism of anoxia tolerance. (biologists.org)
This receptor/channel is strongly associated with anoxic damage in the mammalian brain by permitting a very large flow of calcium ions into the cell during anoxia. (eurekalert.org)
In contrast, injection of atropine during anoxia resulted in an increase in the heart rate and systemic blood flow, suggesting that the anoxic cardiac response is partially mediated through cholinergic mechanisms. (nih.gov)
These findings support an overall stabilization of the small ncRNA transcriptome during exposure to anoxic insults, but also suggest that multiple small ncRNA expression pathways may support anoxia tolerance, as no conserved small ncRNA response was identified among the anoxia-tolerant vertebrates studied. (frontiersin.org)
In contrast, anoxia per se results in limited changes to cardiac AP shape or ion current densities in turtle and crucian carp, suggesting that anoxic modifications of cardiac electrophysiology to reduce ATP demand are not extensive. (biomedsearch.com)
The amount of apoptotic cells did not increase significantly after 7 days of anoxia (at 9 °C). However, when the anoxic fish were given 1 day of reoxygenation at normal oxygen levels, a 170 % increase in the number of apoptotic cells was detected. (uio.no)
Genes induced (D) or repressed (E) by anoxia were plotted on the basis of their fold change following the anoxic treatment (horizontal axis) and the heat + anoxia treatment (vertical axis). (plantphysiol.org)
Our observations of ongoing calcification under anoxic conditions mean that geochemical proxy data obtained from benthic foraminifera in settings experiencing intermittent anoxia have to be reconsidered. (biogeosciences.net)
The depths of onset of hypoxia and anoxia were then interpolated between sampling stations producing two surfaces representing the depth at which hypoxic and anoxic conditions respectively are found. (smhi.se)
Turtle brain is remarkably tolerant of anoxia, maintaining a pre-anoxic [Ca2+]i while cerebral adenosine levels increase 12-fold. (biologists.org)
Threshold potentials did decrease significantly following 60 min of anoxic or adenosine perfusion (control -33.3+/-1.9 mV, anoxia -28.4+/-1.5 mV, adenosine -23.4+/-2.8 mV). (biologists.org)
Belkin DA (1968a) Anaerobic brain function: effects of stagnant and anoxic anoxia on persistence of breathing in reptiles. (springer.com)
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) is one of very few vertebrates that can tolerate several months completely without oxygen (anoxia), a trait that enables this fish to survive under the ice in small ponds that become anoxic during the winter. (uio.no)
These results provide insight into the effects of Suc on the anoxic transcriptome and provide a list of candidate genes that enhance anoxia tolerance of Suc-treated seedlings. (plantphysiol.org)
Although the Hangenberg Black Shale event is generally preserved as a discrete anoxic interval in Devonian-Carboniferous boundary sections of North America and Europe, the Pho Han Formation records sustained dysoxic/anoxic conditions from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) through the Tournasian (early Carboniferous), with severe anoxia (approaching euxinia) throughout the Hangenberg Black Shale event interval (as determined by trace element proxies, increased total organic carbon, and framboidal pyrite distributions). (uncg.edu)

In contrast, differentially expressed genes are mostly unique to each species, suggesting that each species may have evolved distinct small ncRNA expression patterns in response to anoxia. (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria-derived small ncRNAs (mitosRNAs) which have a robust response to anoxia in A. limnaeus embryos, were identified in the other anoxia tolerant vertebrates here but did not display a similarly robust response to anoxia. (frontiersin.org)
Nilsson, G.E. and P.L. Lutz, Release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in response to anoxia in turtle brain. (springer.com)
Results: ChREBP was anoxia-responsive in kidney and liver, with transcript levels increasing by 1.2-1.8 fold in response to anoxia and protein levels increasing by 1.8-1.9 fold. (chalmers.se)
Conclusions: The results suggest that activation of ChREBP in response to anoxia might be a crucial factor for anoxia survival in turtle liver by contributing to elevated glycolytic flux in the initial phases of oxygen limitation. (chalmers.se)
General significance: This study provides the first demonstration of activation of ChREBP in response to anoxia in a natural model of anoxia tolerance, further improving our understanding of the molecular nature of anoxia tolerance. (chalmers.se)

However, basic biochemical pathways are common to almost all species, certainly among reptiles (turtles), fish, birds and mammals," Buck said, adding: "Therefore, the basic signals and pathways that permit anoxia-tolerance in the turtle must also be present in mammals. (eurekalert.org)
In studying the natural mechanisms of anoxia tolerance, Buck's lab focused on a particular ion channel, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. (eurekalert.org)
This result indicates that this channel plays a key role in the natural anoxia-tolerance of the turtle and opens a new research direction in this area. (eurekalert.org)
The physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie anoxia tolerance in turtles include profound metabolic rate depression, post-translational modification of proteins, strong antioxidant defenses, activation of specific stress-responsive transcription factors, and enhanced expression of cyto-protective proteins. (hindawi.com)
Many of the mechanisms involved in natural anoxia tolerance, such as hypometabolism or the induction of various protective proteins/pathways, have been shown to play important roles in mammalian oxygen-related diseases and improved understanding of how cells survive without oxygen could aid in the understanding and treatment of various pathological conditions that involve hypoxia or oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
In the present review we discuss the recent advances made in understanding the molecular nature of anoxia tolerance in turtles and the potential links between this tolerance and longevity. (hindawi.com)
Extreme anoxia tolerance requires a metabolic depression whose modulation could involve small non-coding RNAs (small ncRNAs), which are specific, rapid, and reversible regulators of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
A previous study of small ncRNA expression in embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus , the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrate known, revealed a specific expression pattern of small ncRNAs that could play important roles in anoxia tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we conduct a comparative study on the presence and expression of small ncRNAs in the most anoxia-tolerant representatives of several major vertebrate lineages, to investigate the evolution of and mechanisms supporting extreme anoxia tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
This may reflect divergent strategies to achieve the same endpoint: anoxia tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
Only a handful of vertebrates from diverse lineages have evolved tolerance of extended periods of time without oxygen (anoxia) ( Bickler and Buck, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
Comparing how these few anoxia-tolerant vertebrate species survive in habitats that are regularly depleted of oxygen provides insight into the evolution of anoxia tolerance, and may uncover unique cellular and genetic mechanisms supporting this rare ability. (frontiersin.org)
In the present review, we summarize the current and limited understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying this cardiac anoxia tolerance. (biomedsearch.com)
Additionally, as knowledge of cellular physiology in non-mammalian vertebrates is still in its infancy, we briefly discuss the cellular defense mechanisms towards the acidosis that accompanies anoxia as well as mammalian cardiac models of hypoxia/ischemia tolerance. (biomedsearch.com)
By examining if fundamental cellular mechanisms have been conserved during the evolution of anoxia tolerance we hope to have provided a framework for the design of future experiments investigating cardiac cellular mechanisms of anoxia survival. (biomedsearch.com)
This points at an hitherto unrecognized aspect of anoxia tolerance in crucian carp: the need to possess effective mechanisms to repair a damaged brain after anoxia / reoxygenation events. (uio.no)
While in this mass larvae may experience periods of no oxygen (anoxia), little oxygen (hypoxia), or normal oxygen (normoxia), but the tolerance of blow fly larvae to severe hypoxic conditions is not known. (unl.edu)
I tested the anoxia tolerance of four species of calliphorids ( Calliphora vicina, Cochliomyia macellaria, Lucilia sericata, and Phormia regina ), using third stage larvae across five temperatures. (unl.edu)
B, H 2 O 2 production under anoxia and heat (38°C). C, Effects of 5 m m H 2 O 2 on anoxia tolerance. (plantphysiol.org)
Role of HsfA2 in anoxia tolerance. (plantphysiol.org)
Belkin DA (1963) Anoxia: tolerance in reptiles. (springer.com)
Bickler PE (1992) Cerebral anoxia tolerance in turtles: regulation of intracellular calcium and pH. (springer.com)
Exogenous sucrose (Suc) greatly enhances anoxia tolerance of Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) seedlings. (plantphysiol.org)
Interestingly, a short heat treatment enhanced anoxia tolerance, suggesting that heat shock proteins may play a role in survival to low oxygen. (plantphysiol.org)

Persistent environmental stresses such as hyperwarming and ocean anoxia may have delayed the biotic recovery [1,2,3]. (confex.com)
In order to characterize the duration and extent of ocean anoxia after the LPME, we have measured the U isotope composition (δ 238 U) - a proxy for global ocean anoxia - in well-preserved marine carbonates across the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic at Zal (Iran). (confex.com)
The nature of the protracted global ocean anoxia might be a key and direct factor that caused the delayed biotic recovery from the LPME. (confex.com)
This impact of bioturbation on global biogeochemistry likely affected animal evolution through expanded ocean anoxia, high atmospheric CO2 levels and global warming. (tudelft.nl)
The Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary In Vietnam: Sustained Ocean Anoxia With A Volcanic Trigger For The Hangenberg Crisis? (uncg.edu)

The results revealed that berberine treatment downregulated the serum expression of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α, IL‑10 and IL‑17A in mice with anoxia‑reoxygenation injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
Berberine treatment also decreased myocardial cell apoptosis following anoxia‑reoxygenation injury via regulating the expression of apoptosis‑associated genes. (spandidos-publications.com)
The body weight, blood lipid levels, blood pressure and heart rate were markedly improved in mice with anoxia‑reoxygenation injury following berberine treatment compared with untreated mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
The expression of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB expression was downregulated in myocardial cells from in mice with anoxia‑reoxygenation injury following berberine treatment compared with untreated mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
These results suggest that berberine may be an effective treatment for anoxia‑reoxygenation injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
At present, anoxia-reoxygenation injury of the heart represents a serious threat to human health ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
As such, developing our understanding of the potential signaling mechanism of anoxia-reoxygenation injury is essential for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. (spandidos-publications.com)
Anoxia-reoxygenation injury-associated coronary heart disease has high morbidity and mortality ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Inflammation is one of the most common pathogeneses observed and serves an important role in the progression of anoxia-reoxygenation injury ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
However, the potential molecular signaling pathways mediated by berberine anoxia-reoxygenation injury remain to be elucidated. (spandidos-publications.com)

The epaulette shark ( Hemiscyllium ocellatum ), crucian carp ( Carassius carassius ), western painted turtle ( Chrysemys picta bellii ), and leopard frog ( Rana pipiens ) were exposed to anoxia and recovery, and small ncRNAs were sequenced from the brain (one of the most anoxia-sensitive tissues) prior to, during, and following exposure to anoxia. (frontiersin.org)
Certain vertebrates, such as freshwater turtles of the genus Chrysemys and Trachemys and crucian carp (Carassius carassius), have anoxia-tolerant hearts that continue to function throughout prolonged periods of anoxia (up to many months) due to successful balancing of cellular ATP supply and demand. (biomedsearch.com)
The crucian carp (Carassius carassius) has an exceptional ability to tolerate anoxia, being able to survive without oxygen for several months at low temperatures. (uio.no)
The aim of this study was therefore to examine if anoxia, and/or subsequent reoxygenation, affect the incidence of apoptotic cell death in the brain of crucian carp. (uio.no)
Regardless, anoxia followed by reoxygenation does cause some damage in the form of increased levels of apoptosis in the crucian carp telencephalon. (uio.no)
In contrast, the crucian carp ( Carassius carassius ) and some North American freshwater turtles of the genera Trachemys and Chrysemys can survive anoxia for hours to months depending upon the temperature. (springer.com)
Although the turtle and the crucian carp have both evolved strategies for anoxia survival, the mechanisms by which each defends their brain energy levels differ considerably. (springer.com)
In contrast, the crucian carp up-regulates glycolysis with only a slight reduction in neuronal activity which allows the crucian carp to maintain a degree of physical activity during anoxia. (springer.com)
The adaptation of the crucian carp and the turtle to anoxia represents two contrasting strategies for anoxia survival which may allow for insights into novel targets for therapeutic intervention in the ischemic mammalian brain. (springer.com)
We have here characterized RNR in crucian carp, to search for adaptations to anoxia. (uio.no)
However, the radicals in crucian carp RNR small subunits, especially in the p53R2ii subunit, were very stable at 0 °C. A long half-life of the tyrosyl radical during wintertime anoxia could allow for continued cell division in crucian carp. (uio.no)

However a Western painted turtle can survive anoxia for months without apparent tissue damage. (eurekalert.org)
Paper presentation: "NMDA receptor regulation by mitochondrial KATP channels and adenosine receptors in cortical neurons of the anoxia-tolerant western painted turtle," 12:30 p.m.-3 p.m. Sunday April 3, Physiology 381.3/board #A558. (eurekalert.org)

Previous studies have found indications of cell division in this fish after 7 days of anoxia. (uio.no)

In this article, we look at the most common causes and symptoms of anoxia, as well as how the effects of anoxia are treated. (medicalnewstoday.com)
C, MapMan representation of the effects of anoxia, heat, and heat + anoxia on genes annotated as "heat responsive" or "anoxia responsive. (plantphysiol.org)
Effects of anoxia, heat, and combined heat + anoxia treatments on the expression of selected anaerobic genes. (plantphysiol.org)
B, Heat map showing the effects of anoxia, heat, and combined heat + anoxia treatments on the expression of putative targets of HsfA2 . (plantphysiol.org)
T.M. Bosley, P.L. Woodhams, R.D. Gordon and R. Balozs, Effects of anoxia on the stimulated release of amino acid neurotransmitters in the cerebellum in vitro . (springer.com)
Addition of exogenous Suc mitigated the effects of anoxia on auxin responsive genes that are repressed under oxygen deprivation. (plantphysiol.org)

Estimates of the extent of hypoxia and anoxia in Autumn 2007. (europa.eu)
Enter your email address where to send 'Estimates of the extent of hypoxia and anoxia in Autumn 2007. (europa.eu)
The volume and area of hypoxia and anoxia have been calculated and the results have then been transformed to maps and diagrams to visualize the annual autumn oxygen situation during the analysed period. (smhi.se)
The mRNA levels of these subunits were measured with quantitative PCR and were generally well maintained in hypoxia and anoxia in heart and brain. (uio.no)

One possibility is that anoxia initiates apoptotic pathways in the brain without leading to actual cell death until oxygen is restored. (uio.no)
Besides the expected induction of genes encoding enzymes involved in Suc metabolism and alcoholic fermentation, a large number of genes not related to these pathways were affected by anoxia. (plantphysiol.org)

Stagnant anoxia happens when a person's blood does not reach the brain or other parts of the body that require blood to function correctly. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Cardiovascular problems, such as a stroke or heart failure , are often the cause of stagnant anoxia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Stagnant anoxia is also known as hypoxicischemic injury. (healthline.com)
Cardiovascular events are the most common cause of stagnant anoxia. (healthline.com)
Stagnant anoxia occurs when there is interference with the blood flow, although the blood and its oxygen-carrying abilities are normal. (thefreedictionary.com)
A common cause of general stagnant anoxia is heart disease or interference with the return of blood flow through the veins. (thefreedictionary.com)
Examples of local stagnant anoxia include exposure to cold, diseases that restrict circulation to the extremities, and ergot poisoning . (thefreedictionary.com)
What increases my risk for stagnant anoxia? (sharecare.com)
Heart disease, asthma, and emphysema all increase your risk for stagnant anoxia. (sharecare.com)
There is a risk of stagnant anoxia with any surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia. (sharecare.com)
Although stagnant anoxia is not common, it can occur at any age. (sharecare.com)

These data indicate that the worst part of the F-F extinction was not related directly to oceanic anoxia in this region and potentially globally. (usgs.gov)
However, the lack of quantitative constraints on the details of Early Triassic oceanic anoxia (for example, time, duration, and extent) leaves the links between oceanic conditions and the delayed biotic recovery ambiguous. (sciencemag.org)

Anemic anoxia takes place where there is not enough hemoglobin in a person's blood, or the hemoglobin present has become ineffective. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Anemic anoxia occurs when your blood can't carry enough oxygen around your body to keep your organs functioning properly. (healthline.com)
This lack of oxygen can cause anemic anoxia. (healthline.com)
Anemic anoxia results from a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin or RBCs in the blood, which reduces the ability to get oxygen to the tissues. (thefreedictionary.com)

This type of lack of oxygen in the brain - cerebral anoxia is sometimes cited as a possible cause of the near death experience . (paranormality.com)
San Diego (April 3, 2005) - For a human, mere minutes without oxygen (called anoxia) resulting from cardiac arrest, cerebral stroke or being trapped under water can lead to profound tissue damage and even death. (eurekalert.org)

contrast, lack of oxygen ( anoxia ) may result in a coma that lasts for several weeks and is often fatal. (britannica.com)
with lack of oxygen ( anoxia ). (britannica.com)
Hypoxia or anoxia or lack of oxygen could affect his memory. (dictionary.com)

Apoptosis has been shown to be involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, and upregulating expression of SIRT1 can inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R). Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether the protective effects of Cap against the injury to the cardiomyocytes are mediated by SIRT1. (hindawi.com)
Anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury refers to a phenomenon in which ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) myocardial tissues aggravate the injury to myocardial structures and functions [ 1 ], which can lead to arrhythmia, heart hypofunction, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and other disorders [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Another possibility is that anoxia in itself does not induce apoptosis, but that the following reoxygenation causes increased apoptosis. (uio.no)
We aimed to study the pharmacologic preconditioning effects of salidroside versus those of HPC in hypoxia-/anoxia-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells (pheochromocytoma). (medscimonit.com)

The results showed that rice, a species highly tolerant to anoxia, can readily break down starch under anaerobiosis concomitant with germination, while wheat does not germinate and fails to degrade starch present in the endosperm. (nih.gov)
Thus it is of interest in understanding the genetic and cellular responses to hypoxia or anoxia in oxygen-deprivation-tolerant organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans . (genetics.org)
Cardiac survival in anoxia-tolerant vertebrates: An electrophysiological perspective. (biomedsearch.com)
Of species tested, C. macellaria withstood the longest period of anoxia ( LT 50 of 9 h at 20 o C). In contrast, C. vicina was the least tolerant (LT 50 of 2.2 h at 40 o C). Overall, survival of P. regina showed the least response and C. macellaria showed the greatest response to temperature. (unl.edu)
These anoxia-tolerant vertebrates defend their brain ATP (adenosine triphosphate) levels by matching ATP consumption to glycolytic ATP production. (springer.com)
Complete mitochondrial genomes of the yellow-bellied slider turtle Trachemys scripta scripta and anoxia tolerant red-eared slider Trachemys scripta. (nih.gov)
The complete mitochondrial genomes of the yellow-bellied slider (Trachemys scripta scripta) and anoxia tolerant red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) turtles were sequenced to analyze gene arrangement. (nih.gov)
We hypothesized that activation of ChREBP could be relevant to anoxia survival by the anoxia-tolerant turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans. (chalmers.se)

Clarification of the mechanisms that contribute to cell death during hypometabolic states such as stroke and anoxia may lead to novel strategies for therapy. (springer.com)
Neuronal mechanisms of the anoxia-induced network oscillations in the rat hippocampus in vitro. (inserm.fr)
We have found that anoxia-induced network oscillations (ANOs, 20-40 Hz, lasting for 1-2 min) can be reproduced in the intact hippocampi of postnatal day P7-10 rats in vitro, and we have examined the underlying mechanisms using whole-cell and extracellular field potential recordings in a CA3 pyramidal layer. (inserm.fr)

Unlike wild-type animals, the daf-2(e1370) animals have an enhanced anoxia-survival phenotype in that they survive long-term anoxia and high-temperature anoxia, do not accumulate significant tissue damage in either of these conditions, and are motile after 24 hr of anoxia. (genetics.org)
RNA interference was used to screen DAF-16-regulated genes that suppress the daf-2(e1370) -enhanced anoxia-survival phenotype. (genetics.org)
The long-term anoxia survival phenotype of dauer larvae is consistent with its ability to survive stress. (genetics.org)
Presentation for the 2008 University Scholars Day at the University of North Texas discussing sex, stress, oxygen deprivation, and gender-specific phenotypes modulate survival in anoxia. (unt.edu)
Lutz, J. Pablo, and D. Mash, Downregulation of sodium channels during anoxia: a putative survival strategy of turtle brain. (springer.com)

Mathew Pamenter, a graduate student in the lab, had the idea to investigate a relatively newly discovered potassium channel (mitochondrial KATP channel) as a possible regulator of NMDA receptor activity during anoxia. (eurekalert.org)
Perez-Pinzon, M.A., C.Y. Chan, M. Rosenthal, and T.J. Sick, Membrane and synaptic activity during anoxia in the isolated turtle cerebellum. (springer.com)

Our data show a sharp shift to lighter δ 238 U values at the LPME that persist through the Early Triassic period, which indicates a protracted period of anoxia. (confex.com)

Here, we show that anoxia reduces expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a natural inhibitor of angiogenesis, in glioblastoma cells. (rupress.org)
Together, our results show that anoxia induced a greatly reduced rate of heterotrophic metabolism in Ammonia tepida on a time scale of less than 24 hours, these observations are consistent with a state of dormancy. (epfl.ch)

The analysis of whole single specimens or of their successive chambers may provide essential information about short-term environmental variability and/or the causes of anoxia. (biogeosciences.net)

5. In the presence of the A1 adenosine receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), the anoxia induced an epileptiform activity and no ANOs were observed. (inserm.fr)

Anoxia occurs when a person's body or brain stops getting oxygen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Anoxia is when the body or brain does not get enough oxygen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
It is important to note that the symptoms of anoxia may not be immediately apparent because the brain can compensate for diminished oxygen for a few minutes before any symptoms appear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Anoxia happens when your body or brain completely loses its oxygen supply. (healthline.com)
Anoxia can be especially harmful to your brain. (healthline.com)
Anoxia, and the resultant brain damage, is a particular problem with newborns during difficult births. (thefreedictionary.com)
Unlike anoxia-sensitive mammals, this doesn't occur in the western painted turtle's brain. (eurekalert.org)
It reduces the inflow of calcium through NMDA receptors during anoxia and is associated with brain protection. (eurekalert.org)
Anoxia has been shown to cause brain damage that can have lasting consequences like amnesia. (alleydog.com)
Medication used to treat toxic anoxia works by stabilizing the brain or by reversing the chemical problem that caused the condition. (sharecare.com)
Turtle brain survives anoxia by maintaining ATP levels necessary to avoid the loss of ion homeostasis and the uncontrolled release of excitotoxic neurotransmitters [1-6]. (springer.com)
Feng, Z.C., M. Rosenthal, and T.J. Sick, Suppression of evoked potentials with continued ion transport during anoxia in turtle brain. (springer.com)
It was concluded that 1) N2-delivery patterns consisting of long anoxia, short normoxia and high cycle frequency increased disruption of brain [K+]o baseline maintenance, 2) males were more susceptible to repeated anoxia than females at room temperature, and 3) hypothermia had a protective effect on brain K+ homeostasis during repetitive anoxia. (queensu.ca)

Anoxia is a genus of dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. (wikipedia.org)

Anoxia is an extreme form of hypoxia. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Objective: To study the protective effect of β carotene in anoxia injured cardiomyocytes. (cnki.com.cn)
WT5FZ]Methods: The cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were subjected to 2h anoxia and the changes of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxygen free radical (OFR) contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected. (cnki.com.cn)
Results: The LDH, MDA, OFR and SOD of cardiomycytes were changed significantly after 2h anoxia (P0.01).However, the β carotene pre treated cardiomyocytes showed less changes. (cnki.com.cn)
Conclusion: β carotene (10 -2 ～10 -1 ) mmol/L can protect cardiomyocytes from anoxia injury. (cnki.com.cn)
During anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury, intracellular chloride ion concentration ([Cl - ] i ) homeostasis may play a role in maintaining the normal physiological function of cardiomyocytes. (biomedcentral.com)

And while Anoxia means the total absence of oxygen, in Lea's hands it heralds aural environments that are full of the dreams of man that may well be devoid of his living presence. (importantrecords.com)
For the autumn period each profile in the dataset was examined for the occurrence of hypoxia (oxygen deficiency) and anoxia (total absence of oxygen). (smhi.se)

Small ncRNA profiles were broadly conserved among species under normoxic conditions, and these expression patterns were largely conserved during exposure to anoxia. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, some species are able to survive complete anoxia for weeks to months. (epfl.ch)

some survive days or even years of hypoxia or anoxia. (genetics.org)
Yet, further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanism that the dauer larvae use to survive anoxia. (genetics.org)

Low temperature pre-conditions fish heart for prolonged anoxia by changes in activity of excitation-contraction coupling genes and thereby allows sustained bradycardia and prolongation of ventricular action potential when oxygen shortage sets in. (biologists.org)
Red dots represent genes induced or repressed by either anoxia or heat, while blue dots represent genes that were not found to be heat responsive. (plantphysiol.org)
A, Heat map showing the expression of anaerobic genes showing a reduced expression in the combined heat + anoxia treatment. (plantphysiol.org)
Anoxia-induced Suc synthases showed a lower induction in presence of exogenous Suc, suggesting that induction of these genes might be related to an anoxia-dependent sugar starvation. (plantphysiol.org)

It was Ca 2+ dependent, suggesting activation by increased [Ca 2+ ] c during anoxia, itself partly attributable to glutamate release. (jneurosci.org)

What emerges is that cold temperature substantially modifies cardiac electrophysiology to precondition the heart for winter anoxia. (biomedsearch.com)
These studies demonstrate that both marked and minor elevations in cardiac glycogen are associated with greater glycolytic reserve and improved mechanical resistance to anoxia. (ahajournals.org)

Anoxia n : the absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues. (paranormality.com)
Anoxia is a condition characterized by an absence of oxygen supply to an organ or a tissue. (thefreedictionary.com)
We used the Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip containing more than 22,500 probe sets to explore the anaerobic transcriptome of Arabidopsis seedlings kept under anoxia for 6 h in presence or absence of exogenous Suc. (plantphysiol.org)
to characterize the response of Arabidopsis seedlings treated for 6 h under anoxia in presence or absence of exogenous Suc. (plantphysiol.org)

In anoxia, why can't humans be more like western painted turtles? (eurekalert.org)

In contrast, in anoxia, fewer diatoms were initially ingested and these were not assimilated or metabolized further, but remained visible within the foraminiferal cytoplasm even after 4 weeks. (epfl.ch)

Employing cell-attached single-channel patch-clamp techniques, we studied the effect of adenosine (200 micromol l-1) and anoxia on NMDA receptor open probability (Popen) and current amplitude. (biologists.org)
Therefore, during anoxia, NMDA receptors cannot be regulated by Mg2+ in a manner dependent on membrane potential. (biologists.org)
We conclude that anoxia modulates NMDA receptor activity and that adenosine plays a key role in mediating this change. (biologists.org)

For example, calculations based on creatine phosphate depletion and lactate accumulation during anoxia suggested that ATP production was markedly reduced (by approx 88%) [1, 2]. (springer.com)
Hearts from the reserpine-treated rats had higher left ventricular pressures, maximal rate of left ventricular pressure rise, and lactate output after 2 minutes of anoxia than the hearts from control rats. (ahajournals.org)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been used in a number of conditions characterized by global ischemia (as opposed to focal ischemia of stroke), and anoxia, and leading to impairment of consciousness. (hbot.com)
Cell injury during periods of ischemia, hypoxia, or anoxia and reperfusion is caused not only by the loss of energy supply caused by deprivation of oxygen and glucose but also by oxidative stress. (jneurosci.org)

Inhibitory effect of anoxia on 125I-insulin binding by rat hepatocytes. (biomedsearch.com)
The inhibitory effect of anoxia on 125I-insulin binding was not due to any effect on 125I-insulin degradation or on cell viability. (biomedsearch.com)

a measure of the severity of hypoxic conditions Oxygen toxicity (hyperoxia), the opposite condition of hypoxia, an excess of oxygen in body tissues Oxygen-free (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Anoxia. (wikipedia.org)
Affinity anoxia involves a defect in the chemistry of the blood such that the hemoglobin can no longer pick up as much oxygen from the air, even though the quantities are normal, reducing how much is delivered to the tissues. (thefreedictionary.com)
Anoxia is a scientific term which refers to insufficient oxygen levels in the tissues of an organ, despite unrestricted blood flow. (medicalmalpracticehelp.com)
Enhanced nuclear presence under anoxia was also observed in both tissues by 22-2.8 fold. (chalmers.se)

When the tissue or organ itself has a reduced ability to accept and use the oxygen, it is called histotoxic anoxia. (thefreedictionary.com)
Anoxia occurs when oxygen is absent or depleted and unable to properly reach organs or tissue. (alleydog.com)

Fetal anoxia may occur from inadequate oxygenation of the mother, low maternal blood pressure, or abnormalities in the uterus, placenta, or umbilical cord that result in inadequate blood flow to the fetus. (britannica.com)

quickly lowering the ATP demand of the organism to meet the decreased supply of ATP under anoxia is critical to surviving long periods without oxygen. (frontiersin.org)

in rice under anoxia, whereas the enzyme is not produced in wheat seeds. (nih.gov)

Anoxia occurs when the body does not get any oxygen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Toxic anoxia occurs when you take in toxins or other chemicals. (healthline.com)

Anoxia with posttraumatic amnesia Hello there, This is a serious attempt to find more information and consultation from various experts around the world within the field of neuropsychology. (bio.net)

Toxic anoxia stops the blood from carrying oxygen around the body effectively. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the most common causes of toxic anoxia. (healthline.com)
How do medications treat toxic anoxia? (sharecare.com)
Although medication is generally not the primary treatment for toxic anoxia, it is important in some cases. (sharecare.com)
More importantly, medications may be used as antidotes for the common poisons that cause toxic anoxia. (sharecare.com)

result from insufficient oxygen ( anoxia ) during a difficult and prolonged delivery or from the condition known as kernicterus, in which the baby becomes jaundiced because of incompatibility between its blood and that of the mother. (britannica.com)

We used anoxia to obtain a rapid anaerobic response and choose seedlings as they represent a very homogeneous plants material at a growth stage at which plants often experience low oxygen conditions ( Perata and Alpi, 1993 ). (plantphysiol.org)

Anoxia and hypoxia can be caused by any number of disease states of the blood, lungs, heart and circulation including heart attack , severe asthma , or emphysema . (thefreedictionary.com)
When anoxia is at its most severe, it is common for the patient to be confused or to fall into a coma. (medicalmalpracticehelp.com)
This yearly-recurring coastal hypoxia is more severe during some years, leading to coastal anoxia that has strong impacts on the living resources. (biogeosciences.net)

Don't wait until symptoms start to point to anoxia. (healthline.com)
The symptoms of anoxia may not always be obvious at first. (healthline.com)
No matter what the cause of anoxia, the symptoms are similar. (thefreedictionary.com)
Diagnosis of anoxia and hypoxia is commonly made through the appearance of clinical symptoms. (thefreedictionary.com)
Anoxia is diagnosed using clinically presented symptoms. (medicalmalpracticehelp.com)
This is unfortunate, because anoxia can be easily confused for other problems which share similar symptoms such as a pulmonary embolism, polycythemia vera, or pulmonary hypertension. (medicalmalpracticehelp.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms26

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes35

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Health Care3

Geographicals3

Quantification of tumour vasculature and hypoxia by immunohistochemical staining and HbO2 saturation measurements. (1/8649)

Effect of chronic hypoxia on alpha-1 adrenoceptor-mediated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling in ovine uterine artery. (2/8649)

Nonlinear indicial response of complex nonstationary oscillations as pulmonary hypertension responding to step hypoxia. (3/8649)

Depression of peripheral chemosensitivity by a dopaminergic mechanism in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. (4/8649)

Evidence of O2 supply-dependent VO2 max in the exercise-trained human quadriceps. (5/8649)

Mechanisms of hypoxic vasodilatation of isolated rat mesenteric arteries: a comparison with metabolic inhibition. (6/8649)

Comparison of vascular reactivity in spinal cord and brain. (7/8649)

Estimation of corneal endothelial pump function in long-term contact lens wearers. (8/8649)

Anoxia

Hypoxia, Brain

Oxygen

Turtles

Cell Hypoxia

Anaerobiosis

Artemia

Pyruvate Decarboxylase

Cotyledon

Sodium Cyanide

Potassium Cyanide

Potamogetonaceae

Adenosine Triphosphate

Carps

Glycolysis

Killifishes

Adaptation, Physiological

Potassium

Iridaceae

Oxygen Consumption

Araliaceae

Hepatopancreas

Dinitrophenols

Acorus

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase

Oryza sativa

Aerobiosis

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Time Factors

Veratrine

Amobarbital

Echinochloa

Protoveratrines

Calcium

Energy Metabolism

Sagittaria

Nystatin

Glucose

Myocardium

Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone

Hagfishes

Labyrinthine Fluids

Endolymphatic Duct

Sodium

Kymography

Lactic Acid

Iodoacetates

Rats, Wistar

Plant Roots

Iodoacetic Acid

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Cyanides

Hermaphroditic Organisms

Mitochondria

Lactates

Sodium Lactate

Adenine Nucleotides

Acidosis

Heart

Extracellular Space

Glyburide

Snails

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1

Cell Respiration

Brain

Cells, Cultured

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Cell Survival

Hippocampus

Temperature

Perfusion

Ouabain

Acid-Base Equilibrium

Neurons

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Ethanol

Brain Stem

Animals, Newborn

Guinea Pigs