AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Anopheles gambiaeAnophelesInsecticide ResistanceInsect VectorsInsecticidesMosquito ControlInsect ProteinsPyrethrinsMalariaDDTEntomologyDisease VectorsPermethrinInsect Bites and StingsLarvaBeninGenes, InsectKenyaMaliCulicidaeGenome, InsectPlasmodiumInsect RepellentsPlasmodium bergheiBurkina FasoCameroonHost-Parasite InteractionsPhenylcarbamatesFenitrothionPlasmodium falciparumCulexFeeding BehaviorAfrica, WesternOocystsInsecticide-Treated BednetsPopulation DensityOvipositionAedesBeauveriaChromosome InversionDEETReceptors, OdorantSenegalAfricaChromosomes, InsectSeasonsDieldrinEquatorial GuineaEcosystemDigestive SystemGuineaSporozoitesMalaria, FalciparumMetarhiziumMolecular Sequence DataSpecies SpecificityCote d'IvoirePhylogenyTanzaniaSalivary Proteins and PeptidesSalivary GlandsMosquito NetsPest Control, BiologicalBiological AssayInseminationRainGeographyBedding and LinensPropoxurNitrilesAllethrinAcetylcholinesteraseLaunderingHemolymphArthropod AntennaePopulation DynamicsPupaPlasmodium cynomolgiSequence Analysis, DNAAngolaHemocytesEvolution, MolecularLife Cycle StagesDrosophila melanogasterHousingPolymerase Chain ReactionOdorsGhanaAmino Acid SequenceEcologySexual Behavior, AnimalCarbamatesGambiaDefensinsGenomeSuregadaHumidityCecropinsMicrosatellite RepeatsBurundi
Anopheles gambiae
A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.
Anopheles
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.
Insecticide Resistance
The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.
Insect Vectors
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
Insecticides
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
Mosquito Control
The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.
Insect Proteins
Proteins found in any species of insect.
Pyrethrins
The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
DDT
A polychlorinated pesticide that is resistant to destruction by light and oxidation. Its unusual stability has resulted in difficulties in residue removal from water, soil, and foodstuffs. This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Entomology
A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.
Disease Vectors
Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.
Permethrin
A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES.
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.
Larva
Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.
Benin
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)
Genes, Insect
The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.
Kenya
A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.
Mali
A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.
Culicidae
A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.
Genome, Insect
The genetic complement of an insect (INSECTS) as represented in its DNA.
Plasmodium
A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.
Insect Repellents
Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.
Plasmodium berghei
A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.
Burkina Faso
A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.
Cameroon
A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.
Host-Parasite Interactions
The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.
Phenylcarbamates
Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea.
Fenitrothion
An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.
Plasmodium falciparum
A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.
Culex
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.
Feeding Behavior
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Africa, Western
The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.
Oocysts
Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.
Insecticide-Treated Bednets
Lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester, nylon (polyamides), or other material impregnated with insecticide, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby offering protection against insect bite and insect-borne diseases.
Population Density
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
Oviposition
The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.
Aedes
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.
Beauveria
A mitosporic fungal genus. Teleomorphs are found in the family Clavicipitaceae and include Cordyceps bassiana. The species Beauveria bassiana is a common pathogen of ARTHROPODS and is used in PEST CONTROL.
Chromosome Inversion
An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.
DEET
A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.
Receptors, Odorant
Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. The large number of different odorant receptors appears to arise from several gene families or subfamilies rather than from DNA rearrangement.
Senegal
A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar.
Africa
Chromosomes, Insect
Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.
Seasons
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Dieldrin
An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB)
Equatorial Guinea
A republic in central Africa, bordering the Bay of Biafra, CAMEROON is to the north and GABON to the south. Its capital is Malabo.
Ecosystem
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Digestive System
A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).
Guinea
A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.
Sporozoites
The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These infective cells invade the host and undergo asexual reproduction producing MEROZOITES (or other forms) and ultimately gametocytes.
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.
Metarhizium
A mitosporic fungal genus in the family Clavicipitaceae. It has teleomorphs in the family Nectriaceae. Metarhizium anisopliae is used in PESTICIDES.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Cote d'Ivoire
A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Tanzania
A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.
Salivary Proteins and Peptides
Proteins and peptides found in SALIVA and the SALIVARY GLANDS. Some salivary proteins such as ALPHA-AMYLASES are enzymes, but their composition varies in different individuals.
Salivary Glands
Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).
Mosquito Nets
Free-standing or supported lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester or other material, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby protecting against INSECT BITES; INSECT STINGS, and insect-borne diseases.
Pest Control, Biological
Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.
Biological Assay
A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.
Insemination
The deposit of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.
Rain
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
Geography
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Bedding and Linens
Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.
Propoxur
A carbamate insecticide.
Nitriles
Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.
Allethrin
Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Acetylcholinesterase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ACETYLCHOLINE to CHOLINE and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7.
Laundering
Hemolymph
The blood/lymphlike nutrient fluid of some invertebrates.
Arthropod Antennae
Paired sense organs connected to the anterior segments of ARTHROPODS that help them navigate through the environment.
Population Dynamics
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
Pupa
An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects.
Plasmodium cynomolgi
A protozoan parasite that occurs naturally in the macaque. It is similar to PLASMODIUM VIVAX and produces a type of malaria similar to vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species has been found to give rise to both natural and experimental human infections.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Angola
A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.
Hemocytes
Any blood or formed element especially in invertebrates.
Evolution, Molecular
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
Life Cycle Stages
The continuous sequence of changes undergone by living organisms during the post-embryonic developmental process, such as metamorphosis in insects and amphibians. This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.
Drosophila melanogaster
A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.
Housing
Living facilities for humans.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Odors
The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Ghana
A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Ecology
The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)
Sexual Behavior, Animal
Sexual activities of animals.
Carbamates
Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.
Gambia
A republic in western Africa, constituting an enclave within SENEGAL extending on both sides of the Gambia River. Its capital is Banjul, formerly Bathurst.
Defensins
Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.
Genome
The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.
Suregada
A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that contains gelonin, a ribosome-inactivating protein.
Humidity
A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.
Cecropins
Antimicrobial peptides that form channels in membranes that are more permeable to anions than cations. They resemble MAGAININS, with their N-terminal region forming a positively charged amphipathic alpha helix, but containing an additional C-terminal segment.
Microsatellite Repeats
A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).
Burundi
A republic in eastern Africa bounded on the north by RWANDA and on the south by TANZANIA. Its capital is Bujumbura.
Piperonyl Butoxide
An insecticide synergist, especially for pyrethroids and ROTENONE.
Climate
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Genetic Speciation
The splitting of an ancestral species into daughter species that coexist in time (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 6th ed). Causal factors may include geographic isolation, HABITAT geometry, migration, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, random GENETIC DRIFT and MUTATION.
Genotype
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
Catechol Oxidase
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. EC 1.10.3.1.
Blood
The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.
Africa, Central
The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; EQUATORIAL GUINEA; GABON; and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

MalariaSphere: a greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya. (1/829)

BACKGROUND: The development and implementation of innovative vector control strategies for malaria control in Africa requires in-depth ecological studies in contained semi-field environments. This particularly applies to the development and release of genetically-engineered vectors that are refractory to Plasmodium infection. Here we describe a modified greenhouse, designed to simulate a natural Anopheles gambiae Giles ecosystem, and the first successful trials to complete the life-cycle of this mosquito vector therein. METHODS: We constructed a local house, planted crops and created breeding sites to simulate the natural ecosystem of this vector in a screen-walled greenhouse, exposed to ambient climate conditions, in western Kenya. Using three different starting points for release (blood-fed females, virgin females and males, or eggs), we allowed subsequent stages of the life-cycle to proceed under close observation until one cycle was completed. RESULTS: Completion of the life-cycle was observed in all three trials, indicating that the major life-history behaviours (mating, sugar feeding, oviposition and host seeking) occurred successfully. CONCLUSION: The system described can be used to study the behavioural ecology of laboratory-reared and wild mosquitoes, and lends itself to contained studies on the stability of transgenes, fitness effects and phenotypic characteristics of genetically-engineered disease vectors. The extension of this approach, to enable continuous maintenance of successive and overlapping insect generations, should be prioritized. Semi-field systems represent a promising means to significantly enhance our understanding of the behavioural and evolutionary ecology of African malaria vectors and our ability to develop and evaluate innovative control strategies. With regard to genetically-modified mosquitoes, development of such systems is an essential prerequisite to full field releases.  (+info)

Early duplication and functional diversification of the opsin gene family in insects. (2/829)

Recent analysis of the complete mosquito Anopheles gambiae genome has revealed a far higher number of opsin genes than for either the Drosophila melanogaster genome or any other known insect. In particular, the analysis revealed an extraordinary opsin gene content expansion, whereby half are long wavelength-sensitive (LW) opsin gene duplicates. We analyzed this genomic data in relationship to other known insect opsins to estimate the relative timing of the LW opsin gene duplications and to identify "missing" paralogs in extant species. The inferred branching patterns of the LW opsin gene family phylogeny indicate at least one early gene duplication within insects before the emergence of the orders Orthoptera, Mantodea, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. These data predict the existence of one more LW opsin gene than is currently known from most insects. We tested this prediction by using a degenerate PCR strategy to screen the hymenopteran genome for novel LW opsin genes. We isolated two LW opsin gene sequences from each of five bee species, Bombus impatiens, B. terrestris, Diadasia afflicta, D. rinconis, and Osmia rufa, including 1.1 to 1.2 kb from a known (LW Rh1) and 1 kb from a new opsin gene (LW Rh2). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the novel hymenopteran gene is orthologous to A. gambiae GPRop7, a gene that is apparently missing from D. melanogaster. Relative rate tests show that LW Rh2 is evolving at a slower rate than LW Rh1 and, therefore, may be a useful marker for higher-level hymenopteran systematics. Site-specific rate tests indicate the presence of several amino acid sites between LW Rh1 and LW Rh2 that have undergone shifts in selective constraints after duplication. These sites and others are discussed in relationship to putative structural and functional differences between the two genes.  (+info)

The genetics of inviability and male sterility in hybrids between Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis. (3/829)

Male hybrids between Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis suffer from hybrid sterility, and inviability effects are sometimes present as well. We examined the genetic basis of these reproductive barriers between the two species, using 21 microsatellite markers. Generally, recessive inviability effects were found on the X chromosome of gambiae that are incompatible with at least one factor on each arabiensis autosome. Inviability is complete when the gambiae and arabiensis inviability factors are hemi- or homozygous. Using a QTL mapping approach, regions that contribute to male hybrid sterility were also identified. The X chromosome has a disproportionately large effect on male hybrid sterility. Additionally, several moderate-to-large autosomal QTL were found in both species. The effect of these autosomal QTL is contingent upon the presence of an X chromosome from the other species. Substantial regions of the autosomes do not contribute markedly to male hybrid sterility. Finally, no evidence for epistatic interactions between conspecific sterility loci was found.  (+info)

Innate immunity in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae: comparative and functional genomics. (4/829)

The resurgence of malaria is at least partly attributed to the absence of an effective vaccine, parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs and resistance to insecticides of the anopheline mosquito vectors. Novel strategies are needed to combat the disease on three fronts: protection (vaccines), prophylaxis/treatment (antimalarial drugs) and transmission blocking. The latter entails either killing the mosquitoes (insecticides), preventing mosquito biting (bednets and repellents), blocking parasite development in the vector (transmission blocking vaccines), genetic manipulation or chemical incapacitation of the vector. During the past decade, mosquito research has been energized by several breakthroughs, including the successful transformation of anopheline vectors, analysis of gene function by RNAi, genome-wide expression profiling using DNA microarrays and, most importantly, sequencing of the Anopheles gambiae genome. These breakthroughs helped unravel some of the mechanisms underlying the dynamic interactions between the parasite and the vector and shed light on the mosquito innate immune system as a set of potential targets to block parasite development. In this context, putative pattern recognition receptors of the mosquito that act as positive and negative regulators of parasite development have been identified recently. Characterizing these molecules and others of similar function, and identifying their ligands on the parasite surface, will provide clues on the nature of the interactions that define an efficient parasite-vector system and open up unprecedented opportunities to control the vectorial capacity of anopheline mosquitoes.  (+info)

A weather-driven model of malaria transmission. (5/829)

BACKGROUND: Climate is a major driving force behind malaria transmission and climate data are often used to account for the spatial, seasonal and interannual variation in malaria transmission. METHODS: This paper describes a mathematical-biological model of the parasite dynamics, comprising both the weather-dependent within-vector stages and the weather-independent within-host stages. RESULTS: Numerical evaluations of the model in both time and space show that it qualitatively reconstructs the prevalence of infection. CONCLUSION: A process-based modelling structure has been developed that may be suitable for the simulation of malaria forecasts based on seasonal weather forecasts.  (+info)

Structural and evolutionary analyses of the Ty3/gypsy group of LTR retrotransposons in the genome of Anopheles gambiae. (6/829)

The recent availability of the genome of Anopheles gambiae offers an extraordinary opportunity for comparative studies of the diversity of transposable elements (TEs) and their evolutionary dynamics between two related species, taking advantage of the existing information from Drosophila melanogaster. To this goal, we screened the genome of A. gambiae for elements belonging to the Ty3/gypsy group of long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. The A. gambiae genome displays a rich diversity of LTR retrotransposons, clearly greater than D. melanogaster. We have characterized in detail 63 families, belonging to five of the nine main lineages of the Ty3/gypsy group. The Mag lineage is the most diverse and abundant, with more than 30 families. In sharp contrast with this finding, a single family belonging to this lineage has been found in D. melanogaster, here reported for the first time in the literature, most probably consisting of old inactive elements. The CsRn1 lineage is also abundant in A. gambiae but almost absent from D. melanogaster. Conversely, the Osvaldo lineage has been detected in Drosophila but not in Anopheles. Comparison of structural characteristics of different families led to the identification of several lineage-specific features such as the primer-binding site (PBS), the gag-pol translational recoding signal (TRS), which is extraordinarily diverse within the Ty3/gypsy retrotransposons of A. gambiae, or the presence/absence of specific amino acid motifs. Interestingly, some of these characteristics, although in general well conserved within lineages, may have evolved independently in particular branches of the phylogenetic tree. We also show evidence of recent activity for around 75% of the families. Nevertheless, almost all families contain a high proportion of degenerate members and solitary LTRs (solo LTRs), indicative of a lower turnover rate of retrotransposons belonging to the Ty3/gypsy group in A. gambiae than in D. melanogaster. Finally, we have detected significant overrepresentations of insertions on the X chromosome versus autosomes and of putatively active insertions on euchromatin versus heterochromatin.  (+info)

Invertebrate data predict an early emergence of vertebrate fibrillar collagen clades and an anti-incest model. (7/829)

Fibrillar collagens are involved in the formation of striated fibrils and are present from the first multicellular animals, sponges, to humans. Recently, a new evolutionary model for fibrillar collagens has been suggested (Boot-Handford, R. P., Tuckwell, D. S., Plumb, D. A., Farrington Rock, C., and Poulsom, R. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 31067-31077). In this model, a rare genomic event leads to the formation of the founder vertebrate fibrillar collagen gene prior to the early vertebrate genome duplications and the radiation of the vertebrate fibrillar collagen clades (A, B, and C). Here, we present the modular structure of the fibrillar collagen chains present in different invertebrates from the protostome Anopheles gambiae to the chordate Ciona intestinalis. From their modular structure and the use of a triple helix instead of C-propeptide sequences in phylogenetic analyses, we were able to show that the divergence of A and B clades arose early during evolution because alpha chains related to these clades are present in protostomes. Moreover, the event leading to the divergence of B and C clades from a founder gene arose before the appearance of vertebrates; altogether these data contradict the Boot-Handford model. Moreover, they indicate that all the key steps required for the formation of fibrils of variable structure and functionality arose step by step during invertebrate evolution.  (+info)

Distribution of ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone I in the nervous system and gut of mosquitoes. (8/829)

Ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone I (OEH I) is a gonadotropin in the female mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Whole-mount immunocytochemistry using OEH I antisera revealed an extensive distribution of immunostained cells in larvae and adults of this mosquito comparable to that observed in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Medial neurosecretory cells were stained in brains of larvae and adult Ae. aegypti. In An gambiae the lateral neurosecretory cells were stained more often. In both species, immunostained axons from these cells extended out of the brain through the neurohemal organ associated with the aorta and branched extensively along the midgut. Immunostained endocrine cells were observed in larval and adult midguts of both species. In adults, abdominal metameric perivisceral organs were stained. Stained axons interconnected the perivisceral organs and neurosecretory cells in the abdominal ganglia. Episodic release of OEH I from these organs was evident in female Ae. aegypti, when staining disappeared at 12 hours after a blood meal and returned by 48 hours to levels observed before and up to 2 hours after the blood meal. Two sites were specifically stained only in An. gambiae: an axon net around the pyloric valve in the hindgut of larvae and adults and a ring of endocrine cells in the cardiac valve in the larval midgut. The markedly similar localizations of immunostained cells in larvae and adults of two distantly related species indicate that OEH I, or a homolog, is conserved within this group of Diptera and likely has stage- and sex-specific functions.  (+info)

Analysing chemical attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto with modified BG-Sentinel traps | Parasites & Vectors |...Analysing chemical attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto with modified BG-Sentinel traps | Parasites & Vectors |...
Cues that guide gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu lato to oviposition sites can be manipulated to create new strategies for monitoring and controlling malaria vectors. However, progress towards identifying such cues is slow in part due to the lack of appropriate tools for investigating long-range attraction to putative oviposition substrates. This study aimed to develop a relatively easy-to-use bioassay system that can effectively analyse chemical attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. BG-Sentinel™ mosquito traps that use fans to dispense odourants were modified to contain aqueous substrates. Choice tests with two identical traps set in an 80 m2 screened semi-field system were used to analyse the catch efficacy of the traps and the effectiveness of the bioassay. A different batch of 200 gravid An. gambiae s.s. was released on every experimental night. Choices tested were (1) distilled versus distilled water (baseline) and (2) distilled water versus soil infusion. Further, comparisons were
https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-015-0916-0
The Blunt Trichoid Sensillum of Female Mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae: Odorant Binding Protein and Receptor TypesThe Blunt Trichoid Sensillum of Female Mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae: Odorant Binding Protein and Receptor Types
1. Takken W, Knols BG. Odor-mediated behavior of Afrotropical malaria mosquitoes. Annu Rev Entomol. 1999;44:131-157 2. Zwiebel LJ, Takken W. Olfactory regulation of mosquito-host interactions. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2004;34:645-652 3. Himeidan YE, Temu EA, El rayah EA. et al. Chemical cues for malaria vectors oviposition site selection: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Insects. 2013 Article ID685182: 1-9 4. Meijerink J, Braks MA, van Loon JJ. Olfactory receptors on the antennae of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae are sensitive to ammonia and other sweat-borne components. J Insect Physiol. 2001;47:455-464 5. Lu T, Qiu YT, Wang G. et al. Odor coding in the maxillary palp of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Curr Biol. 2007;17:1533-1544 6. Qiu YT, van Loon JJ, Takken W. et al. Olfactory coding in antennal neurons of the malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Chem Senses. 2006;31:845-863 7. McIver SB. Sensilla of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. ...
http://www.ijbs.com/v10p0426.htm
The genetic architecture of target-site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the African malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae...The genetic architecture of target-site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in the African malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae...
Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is a major concern for malaria vector control. Pyrethroids target the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), an essential compo nent of the mosquito nervous system. Substitutions in the amino acid sequence can inducing a resistance phenotype. We use whole-genome sequence data from phase 2 of the Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Project (Ag1000G) to provide a comprehensive account of genetic variation in the Vgsc gene across 13 African countries. In addition to known resistance alleles, we describe 20 other non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions at appreciable population frequency, and map these variants onto a protein model to investigate the likelihood of a pyrethroid resistance phenotypes. Thirteen of these novel alleles were found to occur almost exclusively on haplotypes carrying the known L995F kdr (knock-down resistance allele) and may enhance or compensate for the L995F resistance genotype. A novel mutation I1527T, adjacent to a predicted pyrethroid ...
https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/14495/
Using Nylon Strips to Dispense Mosquito Attractants for Sampling the Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae s.s.
Synthetic versions of human derived kairomones can be used as baits when trapping host seeking mosquitoes. The effectiveness of these lures depends not only on their attractiveness to the mosquitoes but also on the medium from which they are dispensed.We report on the development and evaluation of nylon strips as a method of dispensing odorants attractive to the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiaes.s. (Giles).When a synthetic blend of attractants was dispensed using this method, signiÞcantly more mosquitoes were trapped than when two previous methods, open glass vials or low density polyethylene sachets were used. We conclude that the nylon strips are suitable for dispensing odorants in mosquito trapping operations and can be adopted for use in rural and remote areas. The nylon material required is cheap and widely available and the strips can be prepared without specialized equipment or ...
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/11295/23352
Ecological and genetic relationships of the Forest-M form among chromosomal and molecular forms of the malaria vector Anopheles...Ecological and genetic relationships of the Forest-M form among chromosomal and molecular forms of the malaria vector Anopheles...
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, one of the principal vectors of malaria, has been divided into two subspecific groups, known as the M and S molecular forms. Recent studies suggest that the M form found in Cameroon is genetically distinct from the M form found in Mali and elsewhere in West Africa, suggesting further subdivision within that form. Chromosomal, microsatellite and geographic/ecological evidence are synthesized to identify sources of genetic polymorphism among chromosomal and molecular forms of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Cytogenetically the Forest M form is characterized as carrying the standard chromosome arrangement for six major chromosomal inversions, namely 2La, 2Rj, 2Rb, 2Rc, 2Rd, and 2Ru. Bayesian clustering analysis based on molecular form and chromosome inversion polymorphisms as well as microsatellites describe the Forest M form as a distinct population relative to the West African M form (Mopti-M form) and the S form. The Forest-M form was the most highly diverged
https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-8-75/figures/3
Acetylcholinesterase ( ace-1 R ) target site mutation G119S and resistance to carbamates in Anopheles gambiae ( sensu lato )...Acetylcholinesterase ( ace-1 R ) target site mutation G119S and resistance to carbamates in Anopheles gambiae ( sensu lato )...
The long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) are major malaria vector control strategies in Mali. The success of control strategies depends on a better understanding of the status of malaria vectors with respect to the insecticides used. In this study we evaluate the level of resistance of Anopheles gambiae (sensu lato) to bendiocarb and the molecular mechanism that underlies it. Larvae of An. gambiae (s.l.) were collected from breeding habitats encountered in the three study sites and bioassayed with bendiocarb. The ace-1 target site substitution G119S was genotyped using a TaqMan assay. The three species of the An. gambiae complex in Mali, i.e. An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii and An. gambiae (s.s.) were found in sympatry in the three surveyed localities with different frequencies. We observed a resistance and suspicious resistance of the three species to bendiocarb with a mortality rate ranging from 37% to 86%. The allelic frequency of the G119S mutation
https://parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13071-020-04150-x
Studies on the Incrimination Rates of two Minor Vectors - Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus Complexes in the...Studies on the Incrimination Rates of two Minor Vectors - Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus Complexes in the...
Studies on the roles of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in Makurdi, Nigeria across four localities: High-level, Wurukum, North- bank and Wadata were undertaken from July, 2011 to June, 2012. 1,681 adult female mosquitoes were identified and dissected with the aid of standard keys and procedures to determine their incrimination rates with microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. 1,040 (61.87%) of these were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato while 641 (38.13%) were Anopheles funestus. The results showed a significant difference ( between the mosquito species and their abundance. The overall microfilarial incrimination rate was 5.77% (97/1,681); Anopheles gambiae s.l. was more incriminated (3.57%) than Anopheles funestus (2.20%). The incrimination rates differed significantly ( between the two mosquito species surveyed. ANOVA also showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in the microfilarial incrimination rates across the localities and ...
https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/763
The major yolk protein vitellogenin interferes with the anti-plasmodium response in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. -...
When taking a blood meal on a person infected with malaria, female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, the major vector of human malaria, acquire nutrients that will activate egg development (oogenesis) in their ovaries. Simultaneously, they infect themselves with the malaria parasite. On traversing the mosquito midgut epithelium, invading Plasmodium ookinetes are met with a potent innate immune response predominantly controlled by mosquito blood cells. Whether the concomitant processes of mosquito reproduction and immunity affect each other remains controversial. Here, we show that proteins that deliver nutrients to maturing mosquito oocytes interfere with the antiparasitic response. Lipophorin (Lp) and vitellogenin (Vg), two nutrient transport proteins, reduce the parasite-killing efficiency of the antiparasitic factor TEP1. In the absence of either nutrient transport protein, TEP1 binding to the ookinete surface becomes more efficient. We also show that Lp is required for the normal expression of Vg, and
https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00707257
Infections of Anopheles Gambiae Mosquitoes with Plasmodium Oocysts and its Effects on Highland Malaria in Kisii Town and its...Infections of Anopheles Gambiae Mosquitoes with Plasmodium Oocysts and its Effects on Highland Malaria in Kisii Town and its...
Malaria is a serious threat to human life in sub-Saharan Africa, claiming many lives and causing the greatest morbidity as compared to other infectious diseases. Female Anopheles gambiae mosquito acts as the definitive host of Plasmodium protozoa, and allows sexual reproduction to take place in its gut. Infection rates may vary seasonally due to temperature changes, but this occurrence is not well studied in the Kenyan highlands. This study therefore aimed at investigating the seasonal variations in infection of Anopheles gambiae by Plasmodium oocysts and its implications on malaria prevalence in human beings. The study was conducted in three estates namely, Daraja mbili, Mwembe, and Maili Mbili which surround Kisii town in Nyanza province. Three villages in Keumbu location which is in the outskirts of Kisii town were also sampled to represent the rural population. Bi-weekly collection of mosquitoes during both wet and dry seasons was done for a period of 2 months in each season. Data were ...
http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11705
Habitat discrimination by gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu lato - a push-pull systemHabitat discrimination by gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu lato - a push-pull system
Background: The non-random distribution of anopheline larvae in natural habitats suggests that gravid females discriminate between habitats of different quality. Whilst physical and chemical cues used by Culex and Aedes vector mosquitoes for selecting an oviposition site have been extensively studied, those for Anopheles remain poorly explored. Here the habitat selection by Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), the principal African malaria vector, was investigated when presented with a choice of two infusions made from rabbit food pellets, or soil. Methods: Natural colonization and larval survival was evaluated in artificial ponds filled randomly with either infusion. Dual-choice, egg-count bioassays evaluated the responses of caged gravid females to (1) two- to six-day old infusions versus lake water; (2) autoclaved versus non-autoclaved soil infusions; and assessed (3) the olfactory memory of gravid females conditioned in pellet infusion as larvae. Results: Wild Anopheles exclusively colonized ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:719284
Biting patterns and seasonality of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and Anopheles funestus mosquirtoes in Kamuli District, Uganda |...Biting patterns and seasonality of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and Anopheles funestus mosquirtoes in Kamuli District, Uganda |...
Kabbale, F., Akol, A., Kaddu, J., & Onapa, A. (2013). Biting patterns and seasonality of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and Anopheles funestus mosquirtoes in Kamuli District, Uganda. Parasites and Vectors, 12, 1 - 20 ...
https://www.rti.org/publication/biting-patterns-and-seasonality-anopheles-gambiae-sensu-lato-and-anopheles-funestus-0
Zoophilic and anthropophilic behaviour in the Anopheles gambiae complex - LSHTM Research Online | London School of Hygiene and...Zoophilic and anthropophilic behaviour in the Anopheles gambiae complex - LSHTM Research Online | London School of Hygiene and...
The work included in this thesis arose from a long-standing interest in the possible use of genetic control for one of the most important malaria vectors in Africa, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. It was hoped that the genes involved in animal biting in the sibling species Anopheles quadriannulatus could be exploited by crossing with An. gambiae s. s. and using the fertile female hybrids for successive backcrosses to An. gambiae s. s.. It was envisaged that this method could be used in an attempt to produce a mosquito stock that is harmless to humans because it is zoophilic but with the genetic background of An. gambiae s. s. so that there would be no barriers to cross-mating in the wild. The innate host preference of mosquitoes can be determined in the laboratory using an olfactometer, or in the field using baits. Host-selection patterns in nature are often affected by external factors, which may or may not mask the host preference of the mosquito species in question (discussed in section ...
http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682251/
Anopheles gambiae AGER protein Summary Report | CureHunterAnopheles gambiae AGER protein Summary Report | CureHunter
Anopheles gambiae AGER protein: AGER - EGFR ortholog from Anopheles; from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: orthologs from Drosophila, human, mouse & chicken; Genbank, AJ301655 and AJ304406
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC452619-Anopheles-gambiae-AGER-protein.do
Anopheles gambiae Gene finding parametersAnopheles gambiae Gene finding parameters
Anopheles gambiae Gene finding parameters for FGENESH the program with parameters for major model organisms is available for on line usage at: http://www.softberry.com/berry.phtml?topic=gfind Method description: A new parameter set for gene prediction Anopheles gambiae is developed for FGENESH program. Accuracy of prediction of Plasmodium falciparum protein coding genes is about 98% on the nucleotide level. The FGENESH algorithm is based on pattern recognition of different types of signals and Markov chain models of coding regions. Optimal combination of these features is then found by dynamic programming and a set of gene models is constructed along given sequence. FGENESH is the fastest and most accurate ab initio gene prediction program available. Fgenesh output: fgenesh Tue Nov 5 16:23:15 EST 2002 FGENESH 1.1 Prediction of potential genes in Anopheles_gambiae genomic DNA Time : Tue Nov 5 16:23:16 2002 Seq name: Softberry SERVER PAST Sequence Length of sequence: 1542 Number of predicted genes ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/genstruc/2002-November/000364.html
Elicitation of Anti-Mosquito Immune responses in Balb/c Mice Immunized with Plasmids containing Anopheles Gambiae Mucin 1 ...Elicitation of Anti-Mosquito Immune responses in Balb/c Mice Immunized with Plasmids containing Anopheles Gambiae Mucin 1 ...
Various strategies that block malaria transmission from an infected human host to a female Anopheline mosquito that involve killing of the blood fed mosquito have been studied as a potential strategy to control malaria. These include the immunization of animal hosts with either whole homogenized blood fed mosquito midguts or their extracts. In 1939, William Trager first demonstrated anti-vector immunity by immunizing guinea pigs and rabbits with extracts of the tick Dermacentor variabilis. This immunological targeting of tick midgut antigens led to the commercial development of a vaccine against Boophilus microplus ticks licenced in 1985.This study investigated the mosquitocidal effects of an immune response elicited by immunization of BALB/c mice with a gene, Anopheles gambiae mucin 1 gene (AgMUC1 gene) alone or in combination with immunostimulatory cytokine genes GM-CSF or IL-12. The AgMUC1 genes were cloned from the midgut of blood fed female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. Four groups of ...
http://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/9063
Anopheles gambiae mosquito Archives - Innovation TorontoAnopheles gambiae mosquito Archives - Innovation Toronto
Scientists at the University of Notre Dame have found that exposure to just 10 minutes of light at night suppresses biting and manipulates flight behavior in the Anopheles gambiae mosquito,... Read more ...
https://www.innovationtoronto.com/tag/anopheles-gambiae-mosquito/
Variation in metabolic rate of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis in a Sahelian village | Journal of Experimental BiologyVariation in metabolic rate of Anopheles gambiae and A. arabiensis in a Sahelian village | Journal of Experimental Biology
Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) consists of several morphologically cryptic species throughout sub-Saharan Africa. In the Sahel region of Mali, this complex includes Anopheles arabiensis (Patton 1905) and A. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) (Giles 1902), which is further divided into the M and S molecular forms; all are important malaria vectors (Coluzzi et al., 1979; Collins et al., 2001; della Torre et al., 2001; Coluzzi et al., 2002; della Torre et al., 2002). Although they are morphologically indistinguishable and can occur in sympatry (Lindsay et al., 1998; Coluzzi et al., 2002; della Torre et al., 2002; della Torre et al., 2005; Simard et al., 2009), these cryptic species often differ in abundance according to season, local rainfall, latitude and larval site characteristics (Gimnig et al., 2001; Edillo et al., 2002; Koenraadt et al., 2004; Diabaté et al., 2005; Edillo et al., 2006; Diabaté et al., 2008; Costantini et al., 2009), and thus local differentiation may occur between these ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/14/2345.long
Characterisation of Species and Diversity of Anopheles gambiae Keele ColonyCharacterisation of Species and Diversity of Anopheles gambiae Keele Colony
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto was recently reclassified as two species, An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s., in wild-caught mosquitoes, on the basis of the molecular form, denoted M or S, of a marker on the X chromosome. The An. gambiae Keele line is an outbred laboratory colony strain that was developed around 12 years ago by crosses between mosquitoes from 4 existing An. gambiae colonies. Laboratory colonies of mosquitoes often have limited genetic diversity because of small starting populations (founder effect) and subsequent fluctuations in colony size. Here we describe the characterisation of the chromosomal form(s) present in the Keele line, and investigate the diversity present in the colony using microsatellite markers on chromosome 3. We also characterise the large 2La inversion on chromosome 2. The results indicate that only the M-form of the chromosome X marker is present in the Keele colony, which was unexpected given that 3 of the 4 parent colonies were probably S-form. Levels of diversity
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0168999
Status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Kwale County, Coastal Kenya.Status of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in Kwale County, Coastal Kenya.
BACKGROUND: The strategy for malaria vector control in the context of reducing malaria morbidity and mortality has been the scale-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets to universal coverage and indoor residual spraying. This has led to significant decline in malaria transmission. However, these vector control strategies rely on insecticides which are threatened by insecticide resistance. In this study the status of pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors and its implication in malaria transmission at the Kenyan Coast was investigated. RESULTS: Using World Health Organization diagnostic bioassay, levels of phenotypic resistance to permethrin and deltamethrin was determined. Anopheles arabiensis showed high resistance to pyrethroids while Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles funestus showed low resistance and susceptibility, respectively. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquitoes were further genotyped for L1014S and L1014F kdr mutation by real time PCR. An allele frequency ...
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/102343
The Anopheles gambiae genome: next steps for malaria vector control | Meta
Malaria remains a major public health problem that is made worse by poor implementation of control measures, and by the spread of drug- and insecticide-resistant parasites and vectors, respectively. Availability of the Anopheles gambiae genome sequence will accelerate identification and exploitation of new target genes in this insect vector. This provides unique opportunities to improve on existing vector control tools and to generate new tools within a global partnership. However, significant capacity needs to be built for investigators in disease-endemic countries to exploit the genome data. When integrated with existing strategies, the new tools will form an effective package for selective vector control in an effort to prevent mortality and morbidity due to malaria. ...
https://www.meta.org/papers/the-anopheles-gambiae-genome-next-steps-for/15036036
The Population Dynamics of Anopheles gambiae Immature Stages and their Interaction with other Aquatic Fauna.
Anopheles gambiae sensu lato IS a major vector of malaria in western Kenya where environmental conditions are highly conducive for its survival and reproduction. Breeding mostly occurs in newly formed small and transient water bodies but as the habitats age they may become unattractive for breeding of the species. The aim of this study was to deduce some of the ecological implications of this strategy of early colonization of breeding sites by Anopheles gambiae s.l. Ten semi-natural habitats (5 small and 5 large) were studied longitudinally (sampled same population over time) for a period of 12 weeks with daily sampling of all larval and pupal stages and quantification of all other identifiable aquatic fauna. This was followed by a final census and retrieval of all inhabitants of each habitat. A new set of 10 habitats was investigated together with the old habitats using the same procedures for an additional period of 9 weeks. Larval cohorts lasting on average twelve days were easily noticeable ...
http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke:8080/xmlui/handle/11295/13207
How malaria mosquitoes find their hosts | NoldusHow malaria mosquitoes find their hosts | Noldus
Smelly feet and heat - how malaria mosquitoes find their hosts. Spitzen et al. [1], studied the host-seeking behavior of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto.
https://www.noldus.com/blog/how-malaria-mosquitoes-find-their-hosts
Transcriptional analysis of insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi using cross-species microarray hybridizationTranscriptional analysis of insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi using cross-species microarray hybridization
A large scale microarray (20k MMC1) from the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae was used to monitor gene expression in insecticide resistant and susceptible strains of the Asian mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Heterologous hybridization at slightly reduced stringency yielded approximately 7000 s …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17433071/?dopt=Abstract
Egg hatching, larval movement and larval survival of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in desiccating habitats | Malaria...Egg hatching, larval movement and larval survival of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in desiccating habitats | Malaria...
When natural larval habitats of An. gambiae s.l. dry up, their contribution towards the population dynamics of the adult stage is often neglected, since mass larval mortality is assumed to occur [9]. We found that eggs of An. gambiae s.s. hatched and that emerging larvae showed limited capability of reaching a nearby breeding site, when placed on damp soil. With this experiment we simulated a natural situation whereby eggs remain on damp soil when the water level drops or eggs are oviposited deliberately on damp soil after desiccation of the habitat [8, 10]. In addition, we found that larvae of An. gambiae s.s. survive for several days in sites that are drying up, depending on the larval stage.. Larvae that hatch from eggs on damp soil were able to reach a breeding site within a distance of 10 cm, albeit in low numbers. We induced hatching of the eggs by keeping the soil of our experimental sites damp by daily spraying of water, but during spraying we made sure that no water ran off or that a ...
https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-2-20
A New Chromosomal Phylogeny Supports the Repeated Origin of Vectorial Capacity in Malaria Mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae...A New Chromosomal Phylogeny Supports the Repeated Origin of Vectorial Capacity in Malaria Mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae...
Author Summary Malaria causes more than one million deaths every year, mostly among children in Sub-Saharan Africa. Anopheles mosquitoes are exclusive vectors of human malaria. Many malaria vectors belong to species complexes, and members within these complexes can vary significantly in their ecological adaptations and ability to transmit the parasite. To better understand evolution of epidemiologically important traits, we studied relationships among nonvector and vector species of the African Anopheles gambiae complex. We analyzed gene orders at genomic regions where evolutionary breaks of chromosomal inversions occurred in members of the complex and compared them with gene orders in species outside the complex. This approach allowed us to identify ancient and recent gene orders for three chromosomal inversions. Surprisingly, the more ancestral chromosomal arrangements were found in mosquito species that are vectors of human malaria, while the more derived arrangements were found in both nonvectors
http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002960&imageURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002960.g007
A comprehensive gene expression atlas of sex- and tissue-specificity in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae | BMC Genomics |...A comprehensive gene expression atlas of sex- and tissue-specificity in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae | BMC Genomics |...
To help improve the functional annotation of the Anopheles gambiae genome we have generated the MozAtlas, a unified catalogue of tissue-specific gene expression from a single mosquito strain. In Drosophila melanogaster, cataloguing tissue expression patterns has been useful, especially for inferring biological functions, since the majority of genes encoded in the genome are not ubiquitously expressed [19]. As with the fruit fly, Anopheles gene expression also exhibits substantial tissue specificity, with only a third of detectably expressed genes found in all tissues. Thus, the MozAtlas is a useful resource for better understanding the mosquito genome, providing direct evidence of genes with tissue restricted expression. Below we highlight the utility of MozAtlas for identifying classes of gene with tissue or sex-biased expression that may be exploited for vector control. Analysis of the MozAtlas also identifies gene expression features that are of interest from an evolutionary perspective, ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-12-296
Incorporating the effects of humidity in a mechanistic model of Anopheles gambiae mosquito population dynamics in the Sahel...Incorporating the effects of humidity in a mechanistic model of Anopheles gambiae mosquito population dynamics in the Sahel...
Relative humidity drops to levels that are uncomfortable for mosquitoes at the end of the rainy season. In one village, Banizoumbou, water pools dried up and interrupted mosquito breeding shortly after the end of the rainy season. In this case, relative humidity had little effect on the mosquito population. However, in the other village, Zindarou, the relatively shallow water table led to water pools that persisted several months beyond the end of the rainy season. In this case, the decrease in mosquito survival due to relative humidity improved the models ability to reproduce the seasonal pattern of observed mosquito abundance ...
https://midasnetwork.us/papers/incorporating-the-effects-of-humidity-in-a-mechanistic-model-of-anopheles-gambiae-mosquito-population-dynamics-in-the-sahel-region-of-africa/
Donnelly:News - OpenWetWareDonnelly:News - OpenWetWare
If you are interested in MSc or BSc Honours year projects have a look at the research page to see our general interests and the list below which is a selection of earlier projects. BOASE, Mr Tom; Susceptibility of field populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, Eastern Uganda. RAMPHUL, Ms Urvashi; Knockdown resisatnce to DDT and permethrin in Anopheles gambiae from Uganda LAWTON, Mr Scott; Molecular genetics and systematics of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossina), the vectors of African Trypansomiasis RONALD, Ms Lisa; Epidemiology of malaria and anaemia among children in two districts of Kumasi, Accra SIKAALA, Mr Chadwick; Investigating the distribution of pyrethroid knockdown resistance in Anopheles gambiae in southern and central Africa FINDLAY-COOPER, Ms Kim; Larval ecology of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Kumasi, Ghana PEPPIATT, Ms Nicole; Mortalities of immature stages of Culex quinquefasciatus at various breeding ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/Donnelly:News
Temporal and spatial expression of serine protease genes in Anopheles gambiae. | IRIS Università degli Studi di PerugiaTemporal and spatial expression of serine protease genes in Anopheles gambiae. | IRIS Università degli Studi di Perugia
Serine proteases play a crucial role during the digestion of the blood meal in the mosquito gut. The isolation and the analysis of the genomic organisation of the corresponding genes may lead to the characterization of gut-specific, inducible promoters, suitable for the expression of anti-parasitic agents in the gut of transgenic mosquitoes. We report here on the identification of a trypsin and a chymotrypsin gene family of Anopheles gambiae. Following a blood meal, the transcription of all members of the two identified gene clusters, seven trypsin genes (Antryp1-7) and two chymotrypsin genes (Anchym1-2), is induced. Recombinant Antryp1 and Antryp2, expressed in E. coli, were both active in vitro against blood proteins. Moreover, mouse sera raised against Antryp1, Anchym1 and Anchym2 recognized the corresponding proteases among the proteins of a lysate prepared from dissected guts of An. gambiae mosquitoes.. ...
https://research.unipg.it/handle/11391/121065
Greenwich Academic Literature ArchiveGreenwich Academic Literature Archive
Sawadogo, Simon P., Costantini, Carlo, Pennetier, Cédric, Diabaté, Abdoulaye, Gibson, Gabriella and Dabiré, Roch K. (2013) Differences in timing of mating swarms in sympatric populations of Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles gambiae s.s. (formerly An. gambiae M and S molecular forms) in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Parasites & Vectors, 6 (1):275. ISSN 1756-3305 (Print), 1756-3305 (Online) (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-275) Pennetier, Cédric, Warren, Ben, Dabiré, K. Roch, Russell, Ian J. and Gibson, Gabriella (2009) Singing on the wing as a mechanism for species recognition in the malarial mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Current Biology, 20 (2). pp. 131-136. ISSN 0960-9822 (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.040) Bonnet, Julien, Pennetier, Cédric, Duchon, Stéphane, Lapied, Bruno and Corbel, Vincent (2009) Multi-function oxidases are responsible for the synergistic interactions occurring between repellents and insecticides in mosquitoes. Parasites & Vectors, 2 (17). ISSN 1756-3305 (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-2-17) ...
http://gala.gre.ac.uk/view/creators/Pennetier=3AC=E9dric=3A=3A.default.html
Molecular evolution of a gene cluster of serine proteases expressed in the Anopheles gambiae female reproductive tract | BMC...Molecular evolution of a gene cluster of serine proteases expressed in the Anopheles gambiae female reproductive tract | BMC...
Here we present data on a cluster of 3 female LRT-specific serine protease genes suggested to be involved in post-mating processes in A. gambiae s.s. As already shown for other genes with different functions, the reconstruction of the 3 gene-trees shows that most species share alleles at all loci, as an effect of introgression and/or retention of ancestral polymorphisms, and that only A. merus and A. melas are placed in monophyletic assemblages (Figure 2). On the other hand, we found an unusually high substitution rate, which contributes mostly to an exceptionally high level of intra-specific polymorphisms, especially at nonsynonymous sites (Table 1). Moreover, while A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, and A. quadriannulatus do not differ for any fixed replacement, A. melas and A. merus diverge from the other species at all loci, showing a high number of fixed substitutions at both synonymous (7-9) and nonsynonymous (13-23) sites at locus AGAP005195.. The comparisons of different site-models - used to ...
https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-11-72
Insecticide-induced leg loss does not eliminate biting and reproduction in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoesInsecticide-induced leg loss does not eliminate biting and reproduction in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes
Recent successes in malaria control have been largely attributable to the deployment of insecticide-based vector control tools such as bed nets and indoor residual spraying. Pyrethroid-treated bed nets are acutely neurotoxic to mosquitoes, inducing symptoms such as loss of coordination, paralysis, a …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28440300/
Satellite DNA from the Y chromosome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae | GeneticsSatellite DNA from the Y chromosome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae | Genetics
The Genetics Society of America (GSA), founded in 1931, is the professional membership organization for scientific researchers and educators in the field of genetics. Our members work to advance knowledge in the basic mechanisms of inheritance, from the molecular to the population level.. Online ISSN: 1943-2631. ...
http://www.genetics.org/content/early/2004/09/30/genetics.104.034264
The smell of success: Detection of nutritious blood meals by mosquitoesThe smell of success: Detection of nutritious blood meals by mosquitoes
Mosquitoes are important vectors of infectious diseases and successful transmission depends on the efficacy of host discrimination and blood uptake. This process is directed by the need for the mosquito to feed on those hosts that provide greatest fitness. We have preliminary evidence that mosquitoes can detect the quality of the blood meal based on the volatiles emitted from the human skin. The mosquito would thus be able to decide who is the best host for the development of her eggs. We will unravel one of the most important evolutionary mechanisms behind mosquito host choice by answering the hypothesis that malaria mosquitoes detect the quality of a host by its skin volatiles. Therefore, we will link someones attractiveness towards mosquitoes with his/her blood quality. Blood of 40 individuals will be analysed and fed to the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in vivo and in vitro to determine differences in egg production. In addition, odour samples will be analysed and tested for ...
https://www.nwo.nl/en/research-and-results/research-projects/i/07/30307.html
Status of Anopheles gambiae Resistance to Carbamates and Organophosphates Insecticides and Implication on Malaria Vector...Status of Anopheles gambiae Resistance to Carbamates and Organophosphates Insecticides and Implication on Malaria Vector...
Status of Anopheles gambiae Resistance to Carbamates and Organophosphates Insecticides and Implication on Malaria Vector Control in Cote Dâ  ivoire, Toure Mahama, Djogbeno
https://www.tsijournals.com/articles/status-of-anopheles-gambiae-resistance-to-carbamates-and-organophosphates-insecticides-and-implication-on-malaria-vector-control-i-13434.html
anopheles gambiae | MalariaWorldanopheles gambiae | MalariaWorld
Pyrethroid resistance is now widespread in Anopheles gambiae, the major vector for malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. This resistance may compromise malaria vector control strategies that are currently in use in endemic areas. In this context, a new tool for management of resistant mosquitoes based on the combination of a pyrethroid-treated bed net and carbamate-treated plastic sheeting was developed.. ...
https://malariaworld.org/category/medical-condition/medical-condition-25?page=18
A comprehensive transcriptomic view of renal function in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae - Enlighten: PublicationsA comprehensive transcriptomic view of renal function in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae - Enlighten: Publications
Renal function is essential to maintain homeostasis. This is particularly significant for insects that undergo complete metamorphosis; larval mosquitoes must survive a freshwater habitat whereas adults are terrestrial, and mature females must maintain ion and fluid homeostasis after blood feeding. To investigate the physiological adaptations required for successful development to adulthood, we studied the Malpighian tubule transcriptome of Anopheles gambiae using Affymetrix arrays. We assessed transcription under several conditions; as third instar larvae, as adult males fed on sugar, as adult females fed on sugar, and adult females after a blood meal. In addition to providing the most detailed transcriptomic data to date on the Anopheles Malpighian tubules, the data provide unique information on the renal adaptations required for the switch from freshwater to terrestrial habitats, on gender differences, and on the contrast between nectar-feeding and haematophagy. We found clear differences ...
http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/114916/
Malaria infection of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae activates immune‐responsive genes during critical transition stages of the...
Both new and previously identified immune markers are expressed in adult mosquitoes, and thus are suited for monitoring induction by the malaria parasite. The markers show distinct and in some cases complex developmental expression profiles, which may reflect potential non‐defence‐related functions. Developmental and immune‐related processes often share the same components: examples are regulatory factors such as Dif, Dorsal and Relish in D.melanogaster (Dushay et al., 1996; Hoffmann et al., 1996), or effectors such as the Sarcophaga antibacterial defence proteins sapecin, sapecin B and cathepsin L (Natori and Kubo, 1996). Some of the A.gambiae infection‐responsive markers, GNBP, IGALE20 and ICHIT, encode adhesive motifs (Dimopoulos et al., 1996, 1997), and could be involved both in binding to microbial substances in defence and in the removal of apoptotic cells and tissue remodelling during development. NOS is known to have multiple functions in a variety of physiological processes. The ...
http://emboj.embopress.org/content/17/21/6115
1270452 - AGAP000958-PA - Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) - 1270452 gene & protein1270452 - AGAP000958-PA - Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) - 1270452 gene & protein
integral component of membrane, mitochondrial inner membrane, L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity, L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity, aspartate transport, L-glutamate transmembrane transport, malate-aspartate shuttle
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7QI16
1277418 - AGAP000901-PA - Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) - 1277418 gene & protein1277418 - AGAP000901-PA - Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) - 1277418 gene & protein
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7Q4R9
Rhodopsin coexpression in UV photoreceptors of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes | Journal of Experimental Biology...Rhodopsin coexpression in UV photoreceptors of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes | Journal of Experimental Biology...
Spectral analysis of A. aegypti Aaop8 and Aaop10 rhodopsins expressed in transgenic Drosophila. (A) An electroretinogram (ERG) of the positive control Drosophila genotype norpAP24; cn bw; ,pRh1:norpA ,ninaEI17/ninaE+ (Rh1 expressed) shows a dual peak response in the blue (500-450 nm) and UV (350 nm) regions. Stimuli were adjusted to contain similar photon flux (20 μE m−2 s−1) at the indicated wavelengths and were administered as depicted in the diagram under the trace. (B) An ERG of the Drosophila genotype norpAP24; cn bw ,pRh1:Aaop8 ,/cn bw; ,pRh1:norpA ,ninaEI17/ninaEI17 shows that flies expressing Aaop8 are maximally sensitive to UV light. The stimuli were identical to those used in A. (C) Difference spectra obtained from Aaop8-expressing Drosophila head membrane extracts. Blue light treatment generates the rhodopsin form of Aaop8 with a λmax at ~330 nm (left arrow). UV light treatment generates the metarhodopsin form of Aaop8 with a λmax at ~460 nm (right arrow). (D) ERG of the ...
https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/217/6/1003/13057/Rhodopsin-coexpression-in-UV-photoreceptors-of
Items where Author is Haji, K - IHI Digital Library
2015) Efficacy, Persistence and Vector Susceptibility to Pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic® 300CS) Insecticide for Indoor Residual Spraying in Zanzibar. Parasites & vectors, 8 (1). p. 628. ISSN 1756-3305 (2014) Islands and Stepping-Stones: Comparative Population Structure of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Anopheles arabiensis in Tanzania and Implications for the Spread of Insecticide Resistance. PloS one, 9 (10). e110910. ISSN 1932-6203 (2013) Challenges for Malaria Elimination in Zanzibar: Pyrethroid Resistance in Malaria Vectors and Poor Performance of Long-Lasting Insecticide Nets. Parasites & vectors, 6 (1). p. 82. ISSN 1756-3305 (2013) The Dynamics of Pyrethroid Nesistance in Anopheles Arabiensis from Zanzibar and an Assessment of the Underlying Genetic Basis. Parasites & vectors, 6. p. 343. ISSN 1756-3305 ...
http://ihi.eprints.org/view/creators/Haji=3AK=3A=3A.html
The STAT pathway mediates late-phase immunity against Plasmodium in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. - PubMed - NCBIThe STAT pathway mediates late-phase immunity against Plasmodium in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454353?dopt=Abstract
Plasmodium Resistance in A. Gambiae - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govPlasmodium Resistance in A. Gambiae - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Malaria is a blood-borne human disease, and is transmitted to mosquitoes in the bloodmeal, an obligatory step in human malaria transmission. This is a study of malaria parasites in the major mosquito vector of human malaria in Africa, Anopheles gambiae. The intent of the study is to develop modern forms of vector control that would specifically decrease disease transmission by targeting the vector. Genetic linkage mapping of the mosquito vector (Anopheles gambiae) in Africa has identified a small genomic region in the mosquito that controls most of the natural genetic variation for resistance to mosquito infection with the human malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum). In order to study the influence of mosquito vector genetics on transmission of malaria parasites, mosquitoes are exposed to malaria parasites and then the efficiency of parasite development within the mosquito is measured. The goal of the study is to promote and expand this non-transmitting subset of the vector population in ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00466557
Genome variation and population structure among 1142 mosquitoes of the African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and...
Mosquito control remains a central pillar of efforts to reduce malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa. However, insecticide resistance is entrenched in malaria vector populations, and countries with a high malaria burden face a daunting challenge to sustain malaria control with a limited set of surveillance and intervention tools. Here we report on the second phase of a project to build an open resource of high-quality data on genome variation among natural populations of the major African malaria vector species |i|Anopheles gambiae|/i| and |i|Anopheles coluzzii|/i| We analyzed whole genomes of 1142 individual mosquitoes sampled from the wild in 13 African countries, as well as a further 234 individuals comprising parents and progeny of 11 laboratory crosses. The data resource includes high-confidence single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calls at 57 million variable sites, genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) calls, and haplotypes phased at biallelic SNPs. We use these data to analyze genetic
https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/1141208
Increase in susceptibility to insecticides with aging of wild Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Côte dIvoire | BMC Infectious...Increase in susceptibility to insecticides with aging of wild Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Côte dIvoire | BMC Infectious...
Appropriate monitoring of vector insecticide susceptibility is required to provide the rationale for optimal insecticide selection in vector control programs. In order to assess the influence of mosquito age on susceptibility to various insecticides, field-collected larvae of An. gambiae s.l. from Tiassalé were reared to adults. Females aged 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 days were exposed to 5 insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, DDT, malathion and propoxur) using WHO susceptibility test kits. Outcome measures included the LT50 (exposure time required to achieve 50% knockdown), the RR (resistance ratio, i.e. a calculation of how much more resistant the wild population is compared with a standard susceptible strain) and the mortality rate following 1 hour exposure, for each insecticide and each mosquito age group. There was a positive correlation between the rate of knockdown and mortality for all the age groups and for all insecticides tested. For deltamethrin, the RR50 was highest for 2 day old and lowest for
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-12-214
piRNA pathway gene expression in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi - Macias - 2014 - Insect Molecular Biology -...piRNA pathway gene expression in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles stephensi - Macias - 2014 - Insect Molecular Biology -...
Kurscheid, S., Lew-Tabor, A.E., Rodriguez Valle, M., Bruyeres, A.G., Doogan, V.J., Munderloh, U.G. et al. (2009) Evidence of a tick RNAi pathway by comparative genomics and reverse genetics screen of targets with known loss-of-function phenotypes in Drosophila. BMC Mol Biol 10: 26 ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imb.12106/references
Radical remodeling of the Y chromosome in a recent radiation of malaria mosquitoes. | VectorBase
Y chromosomes control essential male functions in many species, including sex determination and fertility. However, because of obstacles posed by repeat-rich heterochromatin, knowledge of Y chromosome sequences is limited to a handful of model organisms, constraining our understanding of Y biology across the tree of life. Here, we leverage long single-molecule sequencing to determine the content and structure of the nonrecombining Y chromosome of the primary African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae We find that the An. gambiae Y consists almost entirely of a few massively amplified, tandemly arrayed repeats, some of which can recombine with similar repeats on the X chromosome. Sex-specific genome resequencing in a recent species radiation, the An. gambiae complex, revealed rapid sequence turnover within An. gambiae and among species. Exploiting 52 sex-specific An. gambiae RNA-Seq datasets representing all developmental stages, we identified a small repertoire of Y-linked genes that lack X ...
https://www.vectorbase.org/publications/radical-remodeling-y-chromosome-recent-radiation-malaria-mosquitoes
Cristin
Natural products of Zanthoxylum heitzii stem bark and their insecticidal activity aginst the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Young Scientists Meeting on Advances in Phytochemical analysis; 2018-07-02 - 2018-07- ...
https://wo.cristin.no/as/WebObjects/cristin.woa/wa/fres?sort=ar&la=no&action=sok&pnr=23665
Genome-wide QTL mapping of saltwater tolerance in sibling species of Anopheles (malaria vector) mosquitoes<...Genome-wide QTL mapping of saltwater tolerance in sibling species of Anopheles (malaria vector) mosquitoes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Genome-wide QTL mapping of saltwater tolerance in sibling species of Anopheles (malaria vector) mosquitoes. AU - Smith, H. A.. AU - White, B. J.. AU - Kundert, P.. AU - Cheng, C.. AU - Romero-Severson, J.. AU - Andolfatto, P.. AU - Besansky, N. J.. PY - 2015/11/1. Y1 - 2015/11/1. N2 - Although freshwater (FW) is the ancestral habitat for larval mosquitoes, multiple species independently evolved the ability to survive in saltwater (SW). Here, we use quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to investigate the genetic architecture of osmoregulation in Anopheles mosquitoes, vectors of human malaria. We analyzed 1134 backcross progeny from a cross between the obligate FW species An. coluzzii, and its closely related euryhaline sibling species An. merus. Tests of 2387 markers with Bayesian interval mapping and machine learning (random forests) yielded six genomic regions associated with SW tolerance. Overlap in QTL regions from both approaches enhances confidence in QTL identification. ...
https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/genome-wide-qtl-mapping-of-saltwater-tolerance-in-sibling-species
A cocktail polymerase chain reaction assay to identify members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group. | The...A cocktail polymerase chain reaction assay to identify members of the Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) group. | The...
Anopheles funestus Giles is a major malaria vector in Africa belonging to a group of species with morphologically similar characteristics. Morphological identification of members of the A. funestus group is difficult because of overlap of distinguishing characteristics in adult or immature stages as well as the necessity to rear isofemale lines to examine larval and egg characters. A rapid rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has been developed to accurately identify five members of the A. funestus group. This PCR is based on species-specific primers in the ITS2 region on the rDNA to identify A. funestus (approximately 505bp), Anopheles vaneedeni Gillies and Coetzee (approximately 587bp), Anopheles rivulorum Leeson (approximately 411bp), Anopheles leesoni Evans (approximately 146bp), and Anopheles parensis Gillies (approximately 252bp).
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.804
Adaptive introgression between Anopheles sibling species eliminates a major genomic island but not reproductive isolation. -...
Adaptive introgression can provide novel genetic variation to fuel rapid evolutionary responses, though it may be counterbalanced by potential for detrimental disruption of the recipient genomic background. We examine the extent and impact of recent introgression of a strongly selected insecticide-resistance mutation (Vgsc-1014F) located within one of two exceptionally large genomic islands of divergence separating the Anopheles gambiae species pair. Here we show that transfer of the Vgsc mutation results in homogenization of the entire genomic island region (~1.5% of the genome) between species. Despite this massive disruption, introgression is clearly adaptive with a dramatic rise in frequency of Vgsc-1014F and no discernable impact on subsequent reproductive isolation between species. Our results show (1) how resilience of genomes to massive introgression can permit rapid adaptive response to anthropogenic selection and (2) that even extreme prominence of genomic islands of divergence can be an
https://www.well.ox.ac.uk/publications/1037116/
PDF] Towards genetic manipulation of wild mosquito populations to combat malaria: advances and challenges | Semantic ScholarPDF] Towards genetic manipulation of wild mosquito populations to combat malaria: advances and challenges | Semantic Scholar
SUMMARY Malaria kills millions of people every year, yet there has been little progress in controlling this disease. For transmission to occur, the malaria parasite has to complete a complex developmental cycle in the mosquito. The mosquito is therefore a potential weak link in malaria transmission, and generating mosquito populations that are refractory to the parasite is a potential means of controlling the disease. There has been considerable progress over the last decade towards developing the tools for creating a refractory mosquito. Accomplishments include germline transformation of several important mosquito vectors, the completed genomes of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and the identification of promoters and effector genes that confer resistance in the mosquito. These tools have provided researchers with the ability to engineer a refractory mosquito vector, but there are fundamental gaps in our knowledge of how to transfer this technology safely
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Towards-genetic-manipulation-of-wild-mosquito-to-Riehle-Srinivasan/156184bd73b11a99e7250d1db30650b2af853b5f
Difference between revisions of Kafatos:Meister, Stephan - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of Kafatos:Meister, Stephan - OpenWetWare
The Anopheles gambiae peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) gene family consists of 7 genes with 13 PGRP domains. We analyze the role of these genes in the mosquito immune defense to bacteria and the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. We have previously shown that the NF-κB transcription factor REL2 is involved in defense against both types of bacteria and malaria parasites [1]. IMD is only responsible for the reaction against Gram-positive bacteria and Plasmodium. Our data suggests significant divergence as well as many similarities of immune signaling between Anopheles gambiae and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The differences most likely reflect the different lifestyles of the two insects and, consequently, different infectious agents that the two insects encounter during their lifetimes. In mosquitoes, one of these agents is the malaria parasite Plasmodium ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=Kafatos:Meister%25252C_Stephan&diff=166829&oldid=22074
British Centre for Science Education: A warm welcome to our newest committee member Robert Saunders, BSc (Hons), PhDBritish Centre for Science Education: A warm welcome to our newest committee member Robert Saunders, BSc (Hons), PhD
I took my first degree at Edinburgh University, where I was awarded a first class honours degree in Genetics. My PhD project was a molecular genetic analysis of female sterile mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, also at the University of Edinburgh. I undertook postdoctoral research at Imperial College, London and at the University of Dundee. Prior to joining my present institution, I held a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Biodiversity, working on the malaria mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae species complex. ...
http://bcseweb.blogspot.com/2010/11/warm-welcome-to-our-newest-committee.html
New Outside Mosquito May Pose Severe Malaria Risks | Daily Health ReportNew Outside Mosquito May Pose Severe Malaria Risks | Daily Health Report
This new mosquito is classified with the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, but it appears to be vastly different than any other mosquito collected over the four year period.
https://dailyhealthreport.org/2011/02/05/new-outside-mosquito-may-pose-severe-malaria-risks/
The Gr family of candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti<...The Gr family of candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The Gr family of candidate gustatory and olfactory receptors in the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. AU - Kent, Lauren B.. AU - Walden, Kimberly K.O.. AU - Robertson, Hugh M. PY - 2008/1/1. Y1 - 2008/1/1. N2 - The gustatory receptor (Gr) protein family contains most of the diversity in the insect chemoreceptor superfamily, including within it not only taste receptors but select olfactory receptors as well. Manual annotation of the Gr family in the genome sequence of the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti , yielded a total of 114 potential proteins encoded by 79 genes. In the sequenced genome, 23 of these genes and protein isoforms are pseudogenic, leaving 91 putatively functional Grs. Comparison with our previously published set of 76 Grs encoded by 52 genes in the distantly related Anopheles gambiae mosquito revealed 13 new AgGrs encoded by 8 genes. Phylogenetic analysis reveals the conservation of carbon dioxide, sugar, and several orphan receptors in these 2 mosquitoes ...
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/the-gr-family-of-candidate-gustatory-and-olfactory-receptors-in-t
Invasive malaria mosquito finds way to cities in the Horn of AfricaInvasive malaria mosquito finds way to cities in the Horn of Africa
Sunday 25 April is World Malaria Day. The malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi, originally found in South Asian cities, is making its way to cities in the Horn of Africa.
https://www.itg.be/E/Article/invasive-malaria-mosquito
A mosquito lipoxin/lipocalin complex mediates innate immune priming in Anopheles gambiae. | Sigma-AldrichA mosquito lipoxin/lipocalin complex mediates innate immune priming in Anopheles gambiae. | Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Jose Luis Ramirez, Giselle de Almeida Oliveira, Eric Calvo, Jesmond Dalli, Romain A Colas, Charles N Serhan, Jose M Ribeiro, Carolina Barillas-Mury].
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/26100162
Anopheles gambiae: A genetic approach Karin Eiglmeier Unité de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire des Insectes Institut Pasteur....Anopheles gambiae: A genetic approach Karin Eiglmeier Unité de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire des Insectes Institut Pasteur....
Since when ???? Anopheline fossile (20 Myr) ber/critters/skeeter-b.html (Amber from the Dominican Republic) Dr. David Grimaldi Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaures (145-65Myr) Oldest Culicidae-like fossile: Myr (canadian amber) FROM: index.php?id=galeria
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4381450/
The serpin gene family in Anopheles gambiae
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2716094/
Canary Database: Browse by Species: Anopheles gambiae
The Center for One Health Research Department of Environment & Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health University of Washington Box 357234 Seattle, WA, USA ...
http://podcast.canarydatabase.org/browse/species/322926
Honeybee Genome Sequenced - SlashdotHoneybee Genome Sequenced - Slashdot
mapkinase writes to let us know about articles in Nature on the completed sequencing of the honeybee genome. From the first article: Two other insects have already been sequenced: the malaria-carrying mosquito Anopheles gambiae, and one of sciences great model organisms, the fruitfly Drosophila me...
https://slashdot.org/story/06/10/28/1610206/honeybee-genome-sequenced
Electric nets and sticky materials for analysing oviposition behaviour of gravid malaria vectors. - Durham Research OnlineElectric nets and sticky materials for analysing oviposition behaviour of gravid malaria vectors. - Durham Research Online
Background Little is known about how malaria mosquitoes locate oviposition sites in nature. Such knowledge is important to help devise monitoring and control measures that could be used to target gravid females. This study set out to develop a suite of tools that can be used to study the attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae s.s. towards visual or olfactory cues associated with aquatic habitats. Methods Firstly, the study developed and assessed methods for using electrocuting nets to analyse the orientation of gravid females towards an aquatic habitat. Electric nets (1m high × 0.5m wide) were powered by a 12V battery via a spark box. High and low energy settings were compared for mosquito electrocution and a collection device developed to retain electrocuted mosquitoes when falling to the ground. Secondly, a range of sticky materials and a detergent were tested to quantify if and where gravid females land to lay their eggs, by treating the edge of the ponds and the water surface. A randomized ...
http://dro.dur.ac.uk/12830/
The malaria mosquito is disappearing - but it is not just good news - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comThe malaria mosquito is disappearing - but it is not just good news - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Dan Meyrowitsch explains that the 99 % fall in the malaria mosquito population during the end of the 1990s seems to be connected to a fall in precipitation. This may be due to global climate changes.. - From 2003 to 2009 the volume of precipitation was more stable, but the rain was more chaotic and fell outside the rainy season. And this may have disturbed the natural cycle of mosquito development, he says.. -Of course it is great that the number of malaria-related fatalities among children has fallen drastically in the last five or six years, but we need to know why!. Since the researchers can discount mosquito nets, the question is whether the mosquitoes have succumbed to disease, or communities have been using pesticides, or whether the fall is due to the chaotic new precipitation patterns.. - Unless we find the answer we will not be able to predict when the malaria mosquitoes will come back, and that could rapidly prove critical, Dan Meyrowitsch explains.. ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/infections/19998-the-malaria-mosquito-is-disappearing-but-it-is-not-just-good-news.html
Anopheles Mosquito Comparative Genomics - Business Ideas PlanAnopheles Mosquito Comparative Genomics - Business Ideas Plan
Download full project about Anopheles Mosquito Comparative Genomics . Your business software is ready for download . You can use it for your own company / Office / home without any cost. We provide free business software for our visitor. The software is develop by using different model such as waterfall life-cycle ,traditional ,classic etc Anopheles Mosquito Comparative Genomics is a large and time consuming project. So, Our aim is to help all business vendors by sharing our best. We want your help by joining our community. You will get your project as you desire ...
https://businessideasplan.blogspot.com/2016/11/anopheles-mosquito-comparative-genomics.html
DiVA - SökresultatDiVA - Sökresultat
Background: Little is known about how malaria mosquitoes locate oviposition sites in nature. Such knowledge is important to help devise monitoring and control measures that could be used to target gravid females. This study set out to develop a suite of tools that can be used to study the attraction of gravid Anopheles gambiae s.s. towards visual or olfactory cues associated with aquatic habitats. Methods: Firstly, the study developed and assessed methods for using electrocuting nets to analyse the orientation of gravid females towards an aquatic habitat. Electric nets (1m high x 0.5m wide) were powered by a 12V battery via a spark box. High and low energy settings were compared for mosquito electrocution and a collection device developed to retain electrocuted mosquitoes when falling to the ground. Secondly, a range of sticky materials and a detergent were tested to quantify if and where gravid females land to lay their eggs, by treating the edge of the ponds and the water surface. A randomized ...
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/resultList.jsf?af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22journalId%22%3A%225148%22%7D%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&language=sv&query=
Insecticide resistance | LSTMInsecticide resistance | LSTM
Working primarily on Aedes, Culex and Anopheles mosquitoes, and phlebotomine sandflies, our projects employ a diverse range of methodologies for candidate discovery and functional validation including microarrays, RNAseq, genomewide association studies, in vitro metabolomics, transgenesis, and whole genome sequencing, especially via the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Anopheles gambiae 1000 genomes consortium project, co-led by LSTM.
https://lstmed.ac.uk/research/departments/vector-biology/insecticide-resistance
Trace the life-cycle of malarial parasite in the human body when bitten by an infected female Anopheles - CBSE Class 12 Biology...Trace the life-cycle of malarial parasite in the human body when bitten by an infected female Anopheles - CBSE Class 12 Biology...
Sporozoite of Plasmodium gets into human blood through the bite of female Anopheles mosquito,sporozoites reproduce asexually in liver cells,then they get into red blood cells, there they reproduce asexually and infect mo…
http://ask.learncbse.in/t/trace-the-life-cycle-of-malarial-parasite-in-the-human-body-when-bitten-by-an-infected-female-anopheles/7072
New Findings May Help Control Disease-Carrying Mosquitoes - MosquitoTraps.biz
Mosquito sperm have a sense of smell - a surprising finding that could one day help control disease-carrying mosquitoes, researchers say.. Mosquitoes use scent-detecting molecules known as odorant receptors in their antennae. These sensors help mosquitoes sniff out sources of blood as part of their sense of smell, technically known as olfaction.. Now, researchers have discovered mosquitoes have these same molecules in their sperm. Scientists analyzed the mosquito species Anopheles gambiae, one of the most common carriers of malaria. They found odorant receptors on the whip like tails of the mosquitoes sperm. These molecules help to spur the beating of the tails, and thus help control the movement of the sperm, the researchers said. read more. ...
http://www.mosquitotraps.biz/new-findings-may-help-control-disease-carrying-mosquitoes/
An Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal through the skin. | Penn State UniversityAn Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal through the skin. | Penn State University
An Anopheles mosquito takes a blood meal through the skin. If this blood carries sexual-stage stage parasites, they will develop in the mosquito and be passed on to others who are bit by this mosquito days later.
http://news.psu.edu/photo/305315/2014/02/23/anopheles-mosquito-takes-blood-meal-through-skin
malaria : IGTRCNmalaria : IGTRCN
A chemical-free eradication method for the human malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, that is self-sustaining and requires no additional inputs beyond pushing the button to get it started, sounds fantastic. For geneticists it has not been terribly difficult to think of […]. Read More ». ...
http://igtrcn.org/tag/malaria/
E-mail a Wiley Online Library LinkE-mail a Wiley Online Library Link
E. Warr, S. Das, Y. Dong and G. Dimopoulos The Gram-Negative Bacteria-Binding Protein gene family: Its role in the innate immune system of Anopheles gambiae and in anti-Plasmodium defence Insect Molecular Biology 17. Version of Record online: 30 JAN 2008 , DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00778.x. Complete the form below and we will send an e-mail message containing a link to the selected article on your behalf. Required = Required Field. ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/emailArticleLink?doi=10.1111/j.1365-2583.2008.00778.x&issueDoi=10.1111/imb.2008.17.issue-1
A Mosquito Dna Transposon Agh1: Structure, Evolution and Evidence of ActivityA Mosquito Dna Transposon Agh1: Structure, Evolution and Evidence of Activity
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements. They are a significant component of many eukaryotic genomes. They are involved in chromosomal rearrangement by serving as substrates for homologous recombination, in creating new genes through a process of TE domestication, and in modifying and shuffling existing genes by transducing neighboring sequences (Lander et al., 2001). Therefore, both active and inactive TEs are potentially potent agents for genomic change (Kidwell and Lisch, 2001, 2002; Rizzon et al., 2002; Petrov et al., 2003). In the meantime, active TEs are being explored as useful tools for genetic transformation and possible gene drive mechanisms to deliver genes in natural populations (Ashburner et al.,1998; Alphey et al.,2002; Handler and OBrochta, 2004). My thesis project focuses on AGH1, a novel DNA-mediated TE in Anopheles gambiae and related mosquitoes. I have studied its genomic structure, insertion polymorphism, evolution, and transposition activity. As part of ...
https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/35028
Genetic aspects of sexual behavior in malaria mosquitoes on the basis of specific acoustic signals at mating, Russian Journal...Genetic aspects of sexual behavior in malaria mosquitoes on the basis of specific acoustic signals at mating, Russian Journal...
Read Genetic aspects of sexual behavior in malaria mosquitoes on the basis of specific acoustic signals at mating, Russian Journal of Genetics on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/genetic-aspects-of-sexual-behavior-in-malaria-mosquitoes-on-the-basis-MwBSVXsMiZ
The Ubiquitous Protein Domain EAL Is a Cyclic Diguanylate-Specific Phosphodiesterase: Enzymatically Active and Inactive EAL...The Ubiquitous Protein Domain EAL Is a Cyclic Diguanylate-Specific Phosphodiesterase: Enzymatically Active and Inactive EAL...
The approximately 250-amino-acid protein domain EAL (www.sanger.ac.uk/Software/Pfam), also referred to as domain of unknown function 2 or DUF2 (http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de), is conserved in the Bacteria. The domain name originates from one of the most conserved amino acid signature motifs, EAL (Glu-Ala-Leu). EAL is encoded by most sequenced genomes in all branches of the bacterial phylogenetic tree, which implies that EAL-containing proteins play important roles in Bacteria (8, 9). This domain is not encoded in the genomes of Archaea or Eukarya, except for two putative proteins of Anopheles gambiae, which probably originated from bacterial contamination (19). EAL is often linked to sensory and/or output (signal transduction) domains and is, in fact, one of the most ubiquitous bacterial signal transduction domains whose biochemical activity has not been characterized yet (8, 9). In many proteins, EAL is located C terminal of the approximately 170-amino-acid GGDEF domain (also known as DUF1). ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/187/14/4774?ijkey=b725b0a8b475b4149b3ed9e936acd24a6b66eb79&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Vertical and Horizontal Transmission in Paratransgenic Anopheles Mosquitoes : IGTRCNVertical and Horizontal Transmission in Paratransgenic Anopheles Mosquitoes : IGTRCN
The authors demonstrate that these marked symbionts can then be transmitted to their progeny through mating and to non-sibling larvae by horizontal transmission via the water in which the animals are living.. The authors created a number of strains of AS1 containing a collection of anti Plasmodium effectors either singly or in combination and show that these have significant impacts on the intensity of midgut infections.. This is a very interesting paper that seems to bring the promise of paratransgenic approaches closer to fruition as tools for combating vector borne diseases.. An interesting feature of this approach is that it can be used to simultaneously reduce the vectoral capacity of multiple anopheles species in an environment whereas transgenic approaches would require solving the problems of creating transgenics from these other species. Not necessarily and easy task.. The widespread presence of these genetically modified bacteria in water sources will elicit questions related to risk ...
http://igtrcn.org/vertical-and-horizontal-transmission-in-paratransgenic-anopheles-mosquitoes/
Genetically engineered mosquitoes could be vital weapon against malaria - NextBillionGenetically engineered mosquitoes could be vital weapon against malaria - NextBillion
Wednesday, April 23, 2014. 627,000 deaths per year: thats a good figure. Malaria, the deadly illness caused by infected mosquitoes, is on the retreat, thanks to medical treatments that have reduced mortality rates by 42% since 2000. Among African children, the mortality rate has dropped even more: 54%. Even so, one African child dies of malaria every minute, according to the World Health Organisation.. Its not that NGOs and aid organisations dont try hard enough to prevent the parasite-infected mosquitoes from biting humans: its just that keeping every one of the tiny insects away with nets and insecticides is very hard work.. What if all that mosquito-chasing wasnt necessary? What if the insects killed themselves? Thats the idea behind Oxitec, an Oxford-based biotech company. It breeds sterile male mosquitoes for release in affected areas. As male mosquitoes always do, theyll find the females and mate with them - but because theyre sterile, the offspring will die. Were using ...
https://nextbillion.net/news/genetically-engineered-mosquitoes-could-be-vital-weapon-against-malaria/
Anopheles
The Anopheles mosquito is the only species known to spread malaria. The eMedTV Web page discusses its life cycle in detail, explains how mosquitoes transmit malaria, and measures designed to combat insect biting and control the spread of disease.
http://malaria.emedtv.com/anopheles/anopheles.html
Mosquitoes: Etymology, History, and Habits | Wyzant ResourcesMosquitoes: Etymology, History, and Habits | Wyzant Resources
And as I think, once more I m bitten. -Dick Emmons Male mosquitoes drink only sugary fluids such as flower nectar. Both in the wild and in the laboratory, mosquitoes will visit certain flowers and will feed on fruit placed in their cage. Since they vigorously probe the flowers of some plants and can distinguish between different types of sugars, mosquitoes play a role in the pollination of certain plants. The females will also drink sugary fluids, but when hungry females are given a choice between sugar water and blood, they will always choose blood. If males are offered the same choice, they will always drink the sugar water. Since male mosquitoes do not suck blood, they also do not transmit diseases. Like the males of many other insect families, they are important for just one reason, and then they become superfluous. The female usually needs to mate just once in her life. She stores sperm in her body and fertilizes her eggs at the moment when she lays them. Shortly before or after mating, she ...
https://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/english/etymology/words-mod-mosquitoes
End Of The Line For Malaria Mosquitoes? | Science 2.0End Of The Line For Malaria Mosquitoes? | Science 2.0
MELBOURNE, Australia, April 22 /PRNewswire/ -- Researchers in The Netherlands have achieved outstanding success in blocking the lifecycle of the mosquitoes which transmit malaria.
http://www.science20.com/newswire/end_line_malaria_mosquitoes
Acid Brown 27Acid Brown 27
Name:C.I.Acid Brown 27,C.I.66710 Molecular Structure: anthraquinones C.I.Acid Brown 27,C.I.66710,CAS 1324-45-4,582.56,C32H19N2NaO6S C.I.Acid Brown 27,C.I.66710,CAS 1324-45-4,582.56,C32H19N2NaO6S Molecular Formula:C32H19N2NaO6S Molecular Weight: 582.56 CAS Registry Number: 1324-45-4
http://www.worlddyevariety.com/acid-dyes/acid-brown-27.html
How & Why Do Mosquitoes Leave Itchy, Red Bumps on Your Skin? | Animals - mom.meHow & Why Do Mosquitoes Leave Itchy, Red Bumps on Your Skin? | Animals - mom.me
Male mosquitoes never bother us -- only the females do, because they need the protein they get from our blood to make their eggs. Even though we call the itchy, inflamed bumps they make on our skin bites, they really arent. In fact, it might be more accurate to call them mosquito drinks, ...
https://animals.mom.me/mosquitoes-leave-itchy-red-bumps-skin-11102.html
Anopheles - Everything2.comAnopheles - Everything2.com
A*nophe*les (a*nofE*lEz), n. [NL., fr. Gr. anwfelh`s useless, hurtful.] (Zoöl.) A genus of mosquitoes which are se...
https://everything2.com/title/Anopheles
Etymologia: AnophelesEtymologia: Anopheles
Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. For more information about this message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/19090
Publications | kcri.ac.tzPublications | kcri.ac.tz
Is aging raw cattle urine efficient for sampling Anopheles arabiensis Patton?. Aneth M Mahande, Beda J Mwangonde, Shandala Msangi, Epiphania Kimaro, Ladslaus L Mnyone, Humphrey D Mazigo, Michael J Mahande and Eliningaya J Kweka BMC Infect Dis 10(1):172 (2010) ...
http://www.kcri.ac.tz/publications/2010/Malaria
Supply - Video - Consumer Electronics - Products - Yabofashion.comSupply - Video - Consumer Electronics - Products - Yabofashion.com
Category: API CAS NO: 43210-67-9 EC NO: 256-145-7 Molecular Formula: C15H13N3O2S Molecular Weight: 299.3476 Specification: EP/USP/CP(V) InChI: InChI=1/C15H13N3O2S/c1-20-15(19)18-14-16-12-8-7-11(9-13(12)17-14)21-10-5-3-2-4-6-10/h2-9H,1H3,(H2,16,17,18,19) ...
http://www.yabofashion.com/products/index-htm-typeid-0-catid-2128.html
Buy Best Indian Whey Protein Supplements At Best PriceBuy Best Indian Whey Protein Supplements At Best Price
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Anopheles gambiaeAnopheles gambiae
Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles bwambae Anopheles melas Anopheles merus Anopheles quadriannulatus Anopheles gambiae sensu ... The Anopheles gambiae complex or Anopheles gambiae sensu lato was recognized as a species complex only in the 1960s. The A. ... Scholia has a topic profile for Anopheles gambiae. "Anopheles gambiae". VectorBase. View the anoGam1 genome assembly in the ... "Anopheles gambiae: First genome of a vector for a parasitic disease". Genoscope. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles_gambiae
Flock House virusFlock House virus
FHV has been shown to infect medically important genera of insects: mosquitos, e.g. Anopheles gambiae; the tsetse fly; and the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flock_House_virus
CYP6M2CYP6M2
"Genetic variation at the Cyp6m2 putative insecticide resistance locus in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii". Malaria ... CYP6M2 is a gene location in Anopheles gambiae chromosome 3R, involved in the insecticide resistant. The enzyme encoded by this ... Wagah, MG; Korlević, P; Clarkson, C; Miles, A; Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes, Consortium.; Lawniczak, MKN; Makunin, A (25 May ... CYP6P3 and CYP6M2 are significantly elevated in multiple pyrethroid resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae s.s. from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP6M2
Parasitic flies of domestic animalsParasitic flies of domestic animals
ISBN 0-8138-2053-7. Anopheles gambiae female mosquito feeding. Stomxys calcitrans adult stable-fly. Tabanus bovinus adult ... Species of genera Aedes, Anopheles and Psorophora transmit equine encephalitis viruses to horses. Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles ... against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in southern Benin. Transactions of the ... 1: Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Mansonia and Psorophora. Journal of Medical Entomology, 8: 687-695. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_flies_of_domestic_animals
WDR75WDR75
Anopheles gambiae STR. PEST] - Protein - NCBI". (Human proteins). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDR75
Gene densityGene density
... gambiae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000005575.2_AgamP3". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30. "Anopheles gambiae (ID 46) - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_density
Domestication islandsDomestication islands
ISBN 978-88-900622-7-8. Turner, T.L. (2005). "Genomic Islands of Speciation in Anopheles gambiae". PLOS Biology. 3 (9): e285. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication_islands
MalariaMalaria
With the sequencing of P. falciparum, one of its vectors Anopheles gambiae, and the human genome, the genetics of all three ... Killeen G, Fillinger U, Kiche I, Gouagna L, Knols B (2002). "Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: Lessons for malaria ... Aultman KS, Gottlieb M, Giovanni MY, Fauci AS (2002). "Anopheles gambiae genome: completing the malaria triad". Science. 298 ( ... Females of the mosquito genus Anopheles prefer to feed at night. They usually start searching for a meal at dusk, and continue ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria
Fotis KafatosFotis Kafatos
He also participated in the sequencing of the genome of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae completed in 2002. He was Assistant ... Dimopoulos, G.; Müller, H. M.; Kafatos, F. C. (1999). "How does Anopheles gambiae kill malaria parasites?". Parassitologia. 41 ... 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-149. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.. ... "Low-resolution genome map of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotis_Kafatos
John Carlson (biologist)John Carlson (biologist)
March 4, 2010). "Odorant reception in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Nature. 464 (7285): 66-71. doi:10.1038/ ... repertoire and a similar study that characterized the Or repertoire of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito. Carlson lab research has ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carlson_(biologist)
Peritrophic matrixPeritrophic matrix
Dinglasan, R.R.; M. Devenport; L. Florens; J.R. Johnson & C.A. McHugh (2009). "The Anopheles gambiae Adult Midgut Peritrophic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritrophic_matrix
ParatransgenesisParatransgenesis
Ren X, Hoiczyk E, Rasgon JL (August 2008). Schneider DS (ed.). "Viral paratransgenesis in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae ... Ren X, Hoiczyk E, Rasgon JL (August 2008). "Viral paratransgenesis in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae". PLOS Pathogens. 4 ... October 2001). "Aedes aegypti transducing densovirus pathogenesis and expression in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae larvae ... gambiae and Ae. aegypti symbiotic viruses using bacteria symbionts blood-sucking, tsetse flies and mosquitoes. Symbionts ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransgenesis
Robert Andrew HoltRobert Andrew Holt
428:493 Holt, RA, et al., The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science, 2002. 298:129 Castellarin M ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Andrew_Holt
Climate change and infectious diseasesClimate change and infectious diseases
"Survivorship of Immature Stages of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Natural Habitats in Western Kenya Highlands ... Anopheles mosquitoes in highland areas are to experience a larger shift in their metabolic rate due to climate change. This ... Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of a number of diseases in the world, such as, malaria, lymphatic ... Exposure to malaria will become a greater risk to humans as the number of female Anopheles mosquitos infected with either the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_infectious_diseases
InterProInterPro
October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-49. Bibcode:2002Sci... ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPro
Peptidoglycan recognition proteinPeptidoglycan recognition protein
Anopheles gambiae) has 7 PGRP genes, with 9 splice variants. Mammals have up to four PGRPs, all of which are secreted. These ... "Immunity-related genes and gene families in Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 159-165. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..159C. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein
List of sequenced eukaryotic genomesList of sequenced eukaryotic genomes
October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-49. Bibcode:2002Sci... ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_eukaryotic_genomes
Stephen L. HoffmanStephen L. Hoffman
He also organized the sequencing of the genome of Anopheles gambiae. In 2003 Hoffman founded Sanaria Inc. to develop whole ... The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):129-49. PubMed PMID: 12364791. ... of deaths from malaria and Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria transmitting mosquito in Africa. He was the senior author on ... "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-149. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..129H. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_L._Hoffman
VectorBaseVectorBase
2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-49. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.. ... Aedes aegypti Anopheles gambiae Culex quinquefasciatus Ixodes scapularis Pediculus humanus Rhodnius prolixus Genome browser ... provides summary information VectorBase genome browsers Aedes aegypti genome browser at VectorBase Anopheles gambiae genome ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VectorBase
Elizabethkingia anophelisElizabethkingia anophelis
... is a bacterium isolated from the midgut of Anopheles gambiae G3 mosquitoes reared in captivity. The ... nov., isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... "Transstadial and horizontal transfer of bacteria within a colony of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) and oviposition ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethkingia_anophelis
Taylors lawTaylor's law
Blackwood, Oxford Service, MW (1971). "Studies on sampling larval populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex". Bull World ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor's_law
History of malariaHistory of malaria
Anopheles gambiae in Brazil". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 78 (1): 176-78. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.176 ... entomologist Raymond Corbett Shannon discovered imported disease-bearing Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes living in Brazil (DNA ... However, complete eradication of A. gambiae from northeast Brazil and thus from the New World was achieved in 1940 by the ... Relapses were confirmed by Patrick Manson, who allowed infected Anopheles mosquitoes to feed on his eldest son. The younger ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_malaria
Q-system (genetics)Q-system (genetics)
... the olfactory neurons of malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae. In 2019, the Q-system in Anopheles mosquitoes was used to ... "Organization of olfactory centres in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Nature Communications. 7: 13010. Bibcode: ... "Commonly Used Insect Repellents Hide Human Odors from Anopheles Mosquitoes". Current Biology. 29 (21): 3669-3680.e5. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-system_(genetics)
Bwamba orthobunyavirusBwamba orthobunyavirus
The main anthropophilic vectors are Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus. The animal reservoir includes birds, monkeys and ... as far south as the Republic of South Africa and as far north westwards as Gambia'. Bwamba fever is endemic in several African ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwamba_orthobunyavirus
ElizabethkingiaElizabethkingia
nov., isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... The genus includes four species: Elizabethkingia anophelis, isolated from Anopheles mosquitoes, can cause respiratory tract ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethkingia
Insect olfactionInsect olfaction
"Organization of olfactory centres in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Nature Communications. 7: 13010. Bibcode: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_olfaction
ThorselliaceaeThorselliaceae
However, T. anophelis has also been found in the reproductive tissues of male and female Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii ... "16S rRNA gene-based identification of midgut bacteria from field-caught Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and A. funestus mosquitoes ... "Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24767. ... "Thorsellia anophelis is the dominant bacterium in a Kenyan population of adult Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes". The ISME Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorselliaceae
Christos LouisChristos Louis
2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. Science, AAAS. 298 (5591): 129-149. doi: ... He was a member of the European Drosophila Genome Project and the Anopheles Genome Project. Study of the molecular interactions ... With his colleagues in Crete, he developed AnoDB/AnoBase, the first genetic databases for Anopheles, which later evolved into ... between Anopheles and the Malaria parasite. Development of biomedical ontologies, especially for medical entomology, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christos_Louis
Desiccation toleranceDesiccation tolerance
"Physiology of desiccation resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiccation_tolerance
Rosetta@home[email protected]
... which could eradicate Anopheles gambiae or otherwise render the mosquito unable to transmit malaria. Being able to model and ... "Homing endonuclease mediated gene targeting in Anopheles gambiae cells and embryos". Nucleic Acids Research. 35 (17): 5922-33. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[email protected]
BioGRIDBioGRID
Anopheles gambiae PEST (African malaria mosquito) Apis mellifera (honey bee) Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) Bacillus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioGRID
List of Ig Nobel Prize winnersList of Ig Nobel Prize winners
Italy for showing that the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is attracted equally to the smell of limburger cheese and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ig_Nobel_Prize_winners
Judith WillisJudith Willis
... precise role CPs play in constructing insects and annotating the CP genes of Anopheles gambiae, the major vector of malaria. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Willis
Genome editingGenome editing
January 2016). "A CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive system targeting female reproduction in the malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae ... Researchers have used CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives to modify genes associated with sterility in A. gambiae, the vector for malaria. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_editing
DrosophilaDrosophila
... with the genomes of more distantly related species such as the honeybee Apis mellifera or the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila
Cystathionine beta synthaseCystathionine beta synthase
However, the Anopheles gambiae sequence has a longer N-terminal extension than the human enzyme and contains the conserved ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystathionine_beta_synthase
Eilat virusEilat virus
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Anopheles gambiae Culex quinquefasciatus Anterior mid-gut ... Anopheles coustani may in fact be the only mosquito species which is a natural conservative for the EILV. This would make the ... It is found in regions where its natural vector (the Anopheles coustani) is situated. The place of its study however, plays an ... However, it was initially obtained by Joseph Peleg from a pool of Anopheles coustani mosquitoes (from the isolates back in 1982 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat_virus
Remedios VaroRemedios Varo
... anopheles mosquito, Anopheles gambiae)) 1947 El hombre de la guadaña (muerte en el mercado) (The Man with the scythe (death in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remedios_Varo
Aedes aegyptiAedes aegypti
This was the second mosquito species to have its genome sequenced in full (the first was Anopheles gambiae). The published data ... and Anopheles gambiae and this species diverged about 150 million years ago. Matthews et al., 2018 finds A. aegypti to carry a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti
Rickettsia felisRickettsia felis
The mosquito species Anopheles gambiae, which is notorious mainly as a malaria vector, has been demonstrated to be a competent ... in mosquito genera such as Anopheles, Aedes, Mansonia, and Culex; all of these genera include species that are challenging to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_felis
Mosquito controlMosquito control
It is believed by some researchers that the larvae of Anopheles gambiae (important vectors of malaria) can survive for several ... A pioneering experimental demonstration of the gene drive method eradicated small populations of Anopheles gambiae. In 2020, ... including malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Wilson stated, "I'm talking about a very small number of species that have co- ... "A CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive targeting doublesex causes complete population suppression in caged Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes" (PDF ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_control
DibenzoylhydrazineDibenzoylhydrazine
In 2013, a compound of the substance was tested with promising results against larvae of Anopheles gambiae, the major vector ... "A new dibenzoylhydrazine with insecticidal activity against Anopheles mosquito larvae", Pest Manag Sci. 2013 Jul;69(7):827-33. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibenzoylhydrazine
Nora J. BesanskyNora J. Besansky
While in this role, Besansky collaborated with her husband Frank H. Collins to genetically engineer Anopheles gambiae as a ... gambiae complex members. This resulted in funding for a pilot genome-sequencing project focusing on An. gambiae Mopti (M) and ... gambiae and closely related species in 2016 using long single-molecule sequencing technology and physical mapping of DNA ... She focused on comparing the DNA from various gambiae populations in West Africa to determine whether they were interbreeding. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora_J._Besansky
Overlapping geneOverlapping gene
... evolutionary implications from comparison with orthologs of Anopheles gambiae and other insects". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 13 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlapping_gene
PyrethroidPyrethroid
Various mosquito populations have been discovered to have a high level of resistance, including Anopheles gambiae s.l. in West ... Africa by Chandre et al 1999 through Pwalia et al 2019, A. arabiensis in Sudan by Ismail et al 2018 and The Gambia by Opondo et ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrethroid
Asteranthe luteaAsteranthe lutea
... root and stem bark has been reported to contain bioactive molecules with larvicidal properties in tests with Anopheles gambiae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteranthe_lutea
AnophelesAnopheles
PMID 17205136 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anopheles. Anopheles Database Anopheles gambiae Genome and Related Data ... The Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus clades diverged between 80 million years ago and 36 million years ago. A molecular ... Malaria Atlas Project Anopheles gambiae taxonomy, facts and life cycle Anopheles quadrimaculatus, common malaria mosquito on ... Taxonomy of Anopheles Tropical disease "Anopheles - Define Anopheles at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Meigen, J. W. (1818). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles
Species complexSpecies complex
Besansky NJ, Powell JR, Caccone A, Hamm DM, Scott JA, Collins FH (1994). "Molecular phylogeny of the Anopheles gambiae complex ... Anopheles, the fungi causing cryptococcosis, and sister species of Bactrocera tryoni, or the Queensland fruit fly. That pest is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_complex
Naked cuticleNaked cuticle
... that is highly conserved in Drosophila species but is neither present in the more distantly related mosquito Anopheles gambiae ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naked_cuticle
Sex differences in sensory systemsSex differences in sensory systems
Sexual dimorphic expression of putative antennal carrier protein genes in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Insect ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_sensory_systems
Seminal fluid proteinSeminal fluid protein
"A genome-wide analysis in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes reveals 46 male accessory gland genes, possible modulators of female ... For example, approximately 150 SFPs have been identified in D. melanogaster, 46 in the mosquito Anopheles gambae, and around ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminal_fluid_protein
The Grand Challenges in Global HealthThe Grand Challenges in Global Health
Anopheles gambiae. Goal 4: Improve Nutrition Grand Challenge #9: Create a Full Range of Optimal, Bioavailable Nutrients in a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grand_Challenges_in_Global_Health
Insecticide resistance in populations of Anopheles gambiae in West AfricaInsecticide resistance in populations of Anopheles gambiae in West Africa
Elliott, R. (‎1959)‎. Insecticide resistance in populations of Anopheles gambiae in West Africa. Bulletin of the World Health ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/265423?locale-attribute=en&
Cytogenetics of Anopheles gambiaeCytogenetics of Anopheles gambiae
Holstein, M. (‎1957)‎. Cytogenetics of Anopheles gambiae. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 16 (‎2)‎, 456 - 458. https ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/265715
Genetic selection of a Plasmodium-refractory strain of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiaeGenetic selection of a Plasmodium-refractory strain of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
A strain of Anopheles gambiae, which was selected for complete … ... Genetic selection of a Plasmodium-refractory strain of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae Science. 1986 Oct 31;234(4776):607- ... A strain of Anopheles gambiae, which was selected for complete refractoriness to the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3532325/
AgaP AGAP006885 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) | Gene Target - PubChemAgaP AGAP006885 (Anopheles gambiae str. PEST) | Gene Target - PubChem
Anopheles gambiae str. PEST). Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay ...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/AGAP_AGAP006885
1 Anopheles gambiae - Alliance for Science1 Anopheles gambiae - Alliance for Science
AgaP AGAP010283 gene cDNA ORF clone, Anopheles gambiae str. PEST - GenScriptAgaP AGAP010283 gene cDNA ORF clone, Anopheles gambiae str. PEST - GenScript
AgaP_AGAP010283 ( XM_001238161.2 ) cDNA ORF clone, Anopheles gambiae str. PEST -, XP_001238162.2 Anopheles gambiae str. PEST ... The Anopheles gambiae genome: an update.. Trends in parasitology20(2)49-52(2004 Feb). Mongin E,Louis C,Holt RA,Birney E,Collins ... Anopheles gambiae str. PEST AGAP010283-RA (AgaP_AGAP010283), partial mRNA.. pcDNA3.1-C-(k)DYK or customized vector. 7-9. $ ... The Anopheles gambiae genome: an update.. Mongin E, Louis C, Holt RA, Birney E, Collins FH. Trends in parasitology20(2)49-52( ...
https://www.genscript.com/gene/anopheles-gambiae/4578224/agap_agap010283.html
Evidence for population-specific positive selection on immune genes of Anopheles gambiae - Research - Institut PasteurEvidence for population-specific positive selection on immune genes of Anopheles gambiae - Research - Institut Pasteur
Evidence for population-specific positive selection on immune genes of Anopheles gambiae. ... Putative signals of positive selection were identified at 11 loci, but only one was shared by two subgroups of A. gambiae. ... 28 immune-related loci in wild samples of multiple genetic subpopulations of the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, ... gambiae. Analyses of haplotypic and genetic diversity at these 28 loci revealed striking differences among populations in ...
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/evidence-for-population-specific-positive-selection-on-immune-genes-of-anopheles-gambiae/
State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae | Malaria Journal | Full TextState-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae | Malaria Journal | Full Text
... the influence of mosquito starvation status and availability of nectar on the decision of female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes ... gambiae, which may play a role in malarial transmission dynamics. Employment of simple, first-principle, mechanistic models can ... Anopheles spp.). The accessibility of blood hosts and availability of plant sugar (i.e., nectar) sources, together with ... State-dependent domicile leaving rates in Anopheles gambiae. Access & Citations. * 4761 Article Accesses. ...
https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12936-017-2166-4/metrics
High, clustered, nucleotide diversity in the genome of Anopheles gambiae revealed through pooled-template sequencing:...High, clustered, nucleotide diversity in the genome of Anopheles gambiae revealed through pooled-template sequencing:...
To further association studies in Anopheles gambiae we conducted a major resequencing programme, primarily targeting regions ... gambiae genome. Comparison of SNPs identified from pooled templates with those from individual sequences revealed a very low ... gambiae genome. The high frequency and clustering of SNPs has important ramifications for the design of high-throughput ... Wilding, C.S., Weetman, D., Steen, K. et al. High, clustered, nucleotide diversity in the genome of Anopheles gambiae revealed ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-10-320
Apolipophorin-III mediates antiplasmodial epithelial responses in Anopheles gambiae (G3) mosquitoes<...
Apolipophorin-III mediates antiplasmodial epithelial responses in Anopheles gambiae (G3) mosquitoes. In: PloS one. 2010 ; Vol. ... Apolipophorin-III mediates antiplasmodial epithelial responses in Anopheles gambiae (G3) mosquitoes. Lalita Gupta, Ju Young Noh ... Apolipophorin-III mediates antiplasmodial epithelial responses in Anopheles gambiae (G3) mosquitoes. PloS one. 2010;5(11): ... Apolipophorin-III mediates antiplasmodial epithelial responses in Anopheles gambiae (G3) mosquitoes. / Gupta, Lalita; Noh, Ju ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/apolipophorin-iii-mediates-antiplasmodial-epithelial-responses-in-4
The evolution of TEP1, an exceptionally polymorphic immunity gene in Anopheles gambiae - Projects - University of...
The evolution of TEP1, an exceptionally polymorphic immunity gene in Anopheles gambiae. ...
https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/the-evolution-of-tep1-an-exceptionally-polymorphic-immunity-gene-/projects/
BLAST search - Anopheles gambiae - Ensembl Genomes 55BLAST search - Anopheles gambiae - Ensembl Genomes 55
Ensembl Metazoa is a genome-centric portal for metazoan species of scientific interest
https://metazoa.ensembl.org/Anopheles_gambiae/Tools/Blast
Gene: AGAP011698 - Summary - Anopheles gambiae - Ensembl Genomes 55Gene: AGAP011698 - Summary - Anopheles gambiae - Ensembl Genomes 55
Anopheles gambiae (AgamP4) ▼ Favourite species. *Caenorhabditis elegans (PRJNA13758). *Anopheles gambiae. *Drosophila ...
http://metazoa.ensembl.org/Anopheles_gambiae/Gene/Summary?db=core
Identificação de vectores de malária do complexo Anopheles gambiae pelas técnicas de PCR e Citogenética, em espécimenes...Identificação de vectores de malária do complexo Anopheles gambiae pelas técnicas de PCR e Citogenética, em espécimenes...
title = "Identifica{\c c}{\~a}o de vectores de mal{\a}ria do complexo Anopheles gambiae pelas t{\e}cnicas de PCR e Citogen{\ ... T1 - Identificação de vectores de malária do complexo Anopheles gambiae pelas técnicas de PCR e Citogenética, em espécimenes ... Identificação de vectores de malária do complexo Anopheles gambiae pelas técnicas de PCR e Citogenética, em espécimenes ... Identificação de vectores de malária do complexo Anopheles gambiae pelas técnicas de PCR e Citogenética, em espécimenes ...
https://novaresearch.unl.pt/en/publications/identifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-vectores-de-mal%C3%A1ria-do-complexo-anopheles-gambia
An Anopheles gambiae salivary gland promoter analysis in transgenic mosquitoes and fruit flies.An Anopheles gambiae salivary gland promoter analysis in transgenic mosquitoes and fruit flies.
... LOMBARDO, Fabrizio;T. Nolan;G ... With the objective to identify Anopheles gambiae salivary gland promoters we focused our attention on the salivary genes AgApy ... With the objective to identify Anopheles gambiae salivary gland promoters we focused our attention on the salivary genes AgApy ... We also analyzed the putative promoters of the highly expressed A. gambiae D7r genes. Both the D7r2 and D7r4 promoters worked ...
https://iris.uniroma1.it/handle/11573/472839
Deforestation and Vectorial Capacity of Anopheles gambiae Giles Mosquitoes in Malaria Transmission, KenyaDeforestation and Vectorial Capacity of Anopheles gambiae Giles Mosquitoes in Malaria Transmission, Kenya
... ... Title : Deforestation and Vectorial Capacity of Anopheles gambiae Giles Mosquitoes in Malaria Transmission, Kenya Personal ... Deforestation and Vectorial Capacity of Anopheles gambiae Giles Mosquitoes in Malaria Transmission, Kenya ... Anopheles Climate Ecosystem Female Humans Insect Vectors Malaria, Falciparum Male Plasmodium Falciparum Trees ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/16909
Effects of blood-feeding on olfactory sensitivity of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: application of mixed linear models...
N2 - Olfaction plays an important role in the host-seeking behavior of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. After a complete ... AB - Olfaction plays an important role in the host-seeking behavior of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. After a complete ... Olfaction plays an important role in the host-seeking behavior of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. After a complete ... Dive into the research topics of Effects of blood-feeding on olfactory sensitivity of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: ...
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/effects-of-blood-feeding-on-olfactory-sensitivity-of-the-malaria-
Details for: Biology of Anopheles gambiae : › WHO HQ Library catalog
Biology of Anopheles gambiae : research in French West Africa / M. H. Holstein. By: Holstein, M. HContributor(s): World Health ... 9Publication details: Geneva : World Health Organization, 1954. Description: 172 pISBN: 9241400099Subject(s): Anopheles , ...
https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=copydate%3A%221954%5D.%22%20and%20location%3ADISCARD&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=se:World%20Health%20Organization%20monograph%20series
Quantitative trait loci in Anopheles gambiae controlling the encapsulation response against Plasmodium cynomolgi Ceylon | BMC...Quantitative trait loci in Anopheles gambiae controlling the encapsulation response against Plasmodium cynomolgi Ceylon | BMC...
Anopheles gambiae females are the worlds most successful vectors of human malaria. However, a fraction of these mosquitoes is ... Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector for human malaria in Africa. A laboratory-selected strain derived from the G3 colony ... Anopheles gambiae females are the worlds most successful vectors of human malaria. However, a fraction of these mosquitoes is ... Zheng, L., Wang, S., Romans, P. et al. Quantitative trait loci in Anopheles gambiae controlling the encapsulation response ...
https://bmcgenomdata.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2156-4-16
Overlapping genes of Aedes aegypti: evolutionary implications from comparison with orthologs of Anopheles gambiae and other...Overlapping genes of Aedes aegypti: evolutionary implications from comparison with orthologs of Anopheles gambiae and other...
... and Anopheles gambiae (malaria vector). The overlapping gene pairs of A. aegypti were further compared with orthologs of other ... The results show that as much as ~10% of the predicted genes of A. aegypti and A. gambiae are localized in positional ... gambiae. In A. aegypti as well as in A. gambiae, the overlapping gene pairs are localized either in nested form (one gene ... gambiae. That is, while nearly equally percentages (~60%) of the official gene sets of A. aegypti as well as A. gambiae have ...
https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-13-124
Anopheles gambiae complexAnopheles gambiae complex
Keywords: Anopheles gambiae complex. Anopheles gambiae Genome Conservation as a Resource for Rational Gene Drive Target Site ... Keywords: Anopheles gambiae complex, gene drive synthetic, genetic resistance, genetic variability, genome conservation, vector ...
https://www.geneconvenevi.org/tag/anopheles-gambiae-complex/
SearchSearch
The survival of Anopheles gambiae giles through a long dry season in Sudan / Salah M. Omer, J. L. Cloudsley-Thompson  Omer, ... Some observations on the Anopheles gambiae complex near Kisumu, Kenya  Service, M. W; World Health Organization (‎WHO/MAL/ ... A dry-season of the anopheles gambiae complex around Kaduna, Northern Nigeria / by M. W. Service  Service, M. W; World Health ... The man-biting activity of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in DDT-sprayed and unsprayed villages of the dry savanna in Nigeria / by G. R ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/discover?filtertype_0=dateIssued&filtertype_1=author&filtertype_2=dateIssued&filter_relational_operator_1=equals&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_2=%5B1960+TO+1999%5D&filter_1=World+Health+Organization&filter_relational_operator_2=equals&filter_0=%5B1960+TO+1969%5D&filtertype=subject&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=Anopheles
ArboCat Virus: Ilesha (ILEV)
Anopheles gambiae 1 Central African Republic (9) ,,,Click on the PDF icon to the left to view a copy of this virus entry in PDF ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=188&SID=7
IMSEAR at SEARO: Anopheles gambiae s.s. breeding in polluted water bodies in urban Lagos, southwestern Nigeria.
Anopheles gambiae s.s. breeding in polluted water bodies in urban Lagos, southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases ... gambiae s.s. from a rural area of Lagos. Over 85% of An. gambiae s.s. larvae were found in water bodies characterised by low ... Anopheles gambiae s.s. breeding in polluted water bodies in urban Lagos, southwestern Nigeria. ... A study was undertaken in Lagos, Nigeria to study the Anopheles breeding in polluted water bodies. METHODS: Anopheles larval ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/118014?locale=en
Domain assignment for AGAP002793-PA|hypothetical from Anopheles gambiae VectorBase AgamP3.6Domain assignment for AGAP002793-PA|hypothetical from Anopheles gambiae VectorBase AgamP3.6
... hypothetical from Anopheles gambiae VectorBase AgamP3.6 . Plus protein sequence and external database links. ... Domain assignment for AGAP002793-PA,hypothetical from Anopheles gambiae VectorBase. AgamP3.6. Domain architecture ...
https://supfam.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/gene.cgi?genome=w2
Genome variation and population structure among 1142 mosquitoes of the African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and...Genome variation and population structure among 1142 mosquitoes of the African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and...
The Anopheles gambiae 1000 Genomes Consortium, and Wilding, CS (2020) Genome variation and population structure among 1142 ... Genome variation and population structure among 1142 mosquitoes of the African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and ... data on genome variation among natural populations of the major African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles ... mosquitoes of the African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii. Genome Research, 30 (10). pp. 1533- ...
http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/13847/
Study of the Influence of Larval Life on the Sensitivity of the Adult Stages of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to Deltamethrin in the...
Study of the Influence of Larval Life on the Sensitivity of the Adult Stages of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to Deltamethrin in the ... Study of the Influence of Larval Life on the Sensitivity of the Adult Stages of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to Deltamethrin in the ... Study of the Influence of Larval Life on the Sensitivity of the Adult Stages of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to Deltamethrin in the ... Anopheles gambiae distribution and insecticide resistance in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé (Cameroon): influence of urban ...
https://www.fortunejournals.com/articles/study-of-the-influence-of-larval-life-on-the-sensitivity-of-the-adult-stages-of-anopheles-gambiae-sl-to-deltamethrin-in-the-north-.html
Impact of permethrin-treated bednets on malaria transmission by the Anopheles gambiae complex in The Gambia - Centre for...
Impact of permethrin-treated bednets on malaria transmission by the Anopheles gambiae complex in The Gambia ... Impact of permethrin-treated bednets on malaria transmission by the Anopheles gambiae complex in The Gambia ... Anopheles salivary antigens as serological biomarkers of vector exposure and malaria transmission: A systematic review with ... formulations applied to outdoor vegetation on a laboratory-adapted colony of the Southeast Asian malaria vector Anopheles dirus ...
https://www.tropicalmedicine.ox.ac.uk/publications/102344
MosquitoesPlasmodiumColuzziiArabiensisSpeciesLarvaeInsecticidesGenesCulicidaeAfricaCulexOrganismPopulationsAgaPSusceptibilityResistanceHuman malariaAedesDrosophilaMETHODSMosquito populationDengueStrainsStephensiComplexAbstractPredominantTransmissionGenomeFemalesBiologyAdultParasiteNigeria
Mosquitoes15
  • We tested Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Côte d'Ivoire for resistance and screened a subset The Study for target site mutations. (cdc.gov)
  • gambiae (G3 strain) mosquitoes in response to Plasmodium berghei infection. (elsevier.com)
  • An Anopheles gambiae salivary gland promoter analysis in transgenic mosquitoes and fruit flies. (uniroma1.it)
  • Overall the fruit fly analysis suggests a partial conservation of some "basic" salivary gland regulatory elements between the two species, whereas the discrepancies observed between Drosophila and Anopheles could be explained by a "specialized" additional control elements perhaps acquired by the mosquitoes during the evolution of haematophagy. (uniroma1.it)
  • In this study, we investigated retention and rearrangement of positionally overlapping genes between the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (dengue virus vector) and Anopheles gambiae (malaria vector). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Urban environment probably reduces the sensitivity of Anopheles mosquitoes to essential oils with low toxicity. (dipterajournal.com)
  • all Anopheles mosquitoes tested belonged to the Anopheles gambiae complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Malaria is a worldwide infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. (unl.pt)
  • Increasing incidence of DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes is seen as a limiting factor for malaria vector control. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes were collected as larvae and pupae from six localities spread throughout the four main biogeographical domains of Cameroon and reared to adults in insectaries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Every year the bites of Anopheles mosquitoes kill hundreds of thousands of people, mostly young African children, by transmitting deadly Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. (harvard.edu)
  • 2004) Anopheles mosquitoes, malaria. (scirp.org)
  • It means these mosquitoes are more difficult to reach with insecticides, just as is the case with Anopheles arabiensis. (news24.com)
  • Immature forms of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in Africa and Anopheles dirus mosquitoes in Southeast Asia thrive in the small puddles created around villages. (cdc.gov)
  • A brief survey of the mosquitoes of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, with special Reference to the identity of Anopheles barbirostris (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Margolembo area. (si.edu)
Plasmodium6
  • A strain of Anopheles gambiae, which was selected for complete refractoriness to the simian malaria parasite Plasmodium cynomolgi, also has varying degrees of refractoriness to most other malaria species examined, including the human parasites P. falciparum, P. ovale, and P. vivax for which this mosquito is the principal African vector. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to previous studies that focused on immune genes identified in laboratory studies, we centered our analysis on genes that fall within a quantitative trait locus associated with resistance to Plasmodium falciparum in natural populations of A. gambiae. (pasteur.fr)
  • gambiae AgApoLp-III participates in midgut epithelial defense responses that limit Plasmodium infection. (elsevier.com)
  • In this study, we aim to investigate the role of this parasite's by-product as stimulator of Anopheles gambiae immunity to Plasmodium berghei . (unl.pt)
  • We propose that hemozoin boosts the innate immunity in Anopheles , activating key effector genes involved in mosquito resistance to Plasmodium, and this activation is REL2-mediated. (unl.pt)
  • The circadian clock modulates Anopheles gambiae infection with Plasmodium falciparum. (amedeo.com)
Coluzzii2
  • Here we report on the second phase of a project to build an open resource of high-quality data on genome variation among natural populations of the major African malaria vector species Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii. (ljmu.ac.uk)
  • Anopheles coluzzii was the predominant malaria vector species in most of the sites followed by An. (cdc.gov)
Arabiensis7
  • Species confirmation by PCR indicated that Anopheles arabiensis was the only malaria vector in the study area, with high anthropophilic behaviour (84.9% human-feeding). (who.int)
  • The top three malaria transmitters in Africa are Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis. (news24.com)
  • The first two live in areas of Africa where there is higher rainfall while the third, Anopheles arabiensis, is a more savanna-based, arid zone species. (news24.com)
  • Gambiae and funestus prefer to feed indoors and are strongly attracted to humans, but arabiensis feeds as easily outdoors as indoors and also as easily on cattle and other animals as humans. (news24.com)
  • Anopheles arabiensis in the Cape Verde Archipelago. (si.edu)
  • Anopheles arabiensis s pecies page. (si.edu)
  • gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles arabiensis. (cdc.gov)
Species5
  • The alleles of knock down resistance (Kdr) gene and species of anopheles were determined by PCR -RLFP. (bvsalud.org)
  • Non-destructive Determination of Age and Species of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (ajtmh.org)
  • Key differences in swarming behaviour and sound communication between closely related mosquito species help explain apparent reproductive isolation and ultimately speciation in the malarial mosquito Anopheles gambiae species complex, with fieldwork in Burkina Faso. (nri.org)
  • mostly harmless and another ( Anopheles ) that is actually a genus (including hundreds of species). (healthworldnet.com)
  • The malaria-carrying mosquito, Anopheles gambiae , turned out to be at least seven distinct species. (wordpress.com)
Larvae5
  • RESULTS: Morphological and PCR analysis of 2358 anopheline larvae revealed only the presence of two members of the Anopheles gambiae complex consisting of 93.1% Anopheles gambiae s.s. and 6.9% An. (who.int)
  • gambiae s.l. reared in the laboratory from larvae collected from different sites in the study area. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objective: To evaluate organic extracts of Mundulea sericea stem bark and leaves for efficacy against Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinqefasciatus larvae. (open-science-repository.com)
  • Distinct navigation behaviors in Aedes , Anopheles and Culex mosquito larvae. (si.edu)
  • METHODS: The susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) to chlorfenapyr and pyrethroid insecticides was investigated in a total of sixteen sites in 2019 and 2020, using 2-5-day-old adults reared from wild collected larvae per site. (cdc.gov)
Insecticides2
  • The capacities of Anopheles have increased with the level of urbanization and suggest the impact of the environment through the quality of the water in the lodgings in increasing resistance to insecticides. (fortunejournals.com)
  • This means it is easier to target gambiae and funestus using indoor methods such as spraying walls with insecticides and using insecticide-impregnated bed nets. (news24.com)
Genes8
  • To further association studies in Anopheles gambiae we conducted a major resequencing programme, primarily targeting regions within or close to candidate genes for insecticide resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the objective to identify Anopheles gambiae salivary gland promoters we focused our attention on the salivary genes AgApy, which encodes the platelet inhibitor apyrase, and D7-related. (uniroma1.it)
  • We also analyzed the putative promoters of the highly expressed A. gambiae D7r genes. (uniroma1.it)
  • The results show that as much as ~10% of the predicted genes of A . aegypti and A . gambiae are localized in positional overlapping manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2007 [ 5 ] compared overlapping genes of Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae with Apis mellifera (honey bee) and suggested that relocalization of overlapping genes may have played a significant role in genome evolution of these insects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study is an effort to investigate overlapping genes of Aedes aegypti , the primary global vector of dengue virus, in a comparative manner with those of A . gambiae , a major vector of malaria in subSaharan Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We identified positional overlapping of genes at the whole genome level in A . aegypti and studied structural differences and evolutionary features by comparisons with orthologous genes of A . gambiae and other selected arthropod genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the genus Anopheles the rRNA genes are localized on the heterochromatic arm of both sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
Culicidae2
  • n., a seventh member of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Diptera, Culicidae) endemic to the Cape Verde archipelago. (si.edu)
  • Anopheles indefinitus and Culex fuscanus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Saipan. (si.edu)
Africa5
  • Biology of Anopheles gambiae : research in French West Africa / M. H. Holstein. (who.int)
  • Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector for human malaria in Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Sub-Saharan Africa, two major malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and An. (harvard.edu)
  • The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in Africa, Europe and the Middle East: Occurrence, data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. (si.edu)
  • However, seven countries ( Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Ghana, Namibia and South Africa ) in the Region were on track to reduce case incidence by 40% by 2020, realizing the milestones 2020. (who.int)
Culex1
  • The malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae s.s. and the Southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, using a World Health Organisation (WHO)-approved topical application bioassay (ii) the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, using a climbing repellency assay, and (iii) the red poultry mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, using field trapping experiments. (permaculturenews.org)
Organism1
  • The mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, has become an important model organism for the study of insect - parasite interactions and innate immune responses. (cshl.edu)
Populations1
  • In fact, physico-chemical analyzes were carried out in the water of the breeding lodges and insecticide tests were carried out on two sub-populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (fortunejournals.com)
AgaP2
  • AgaP_AGAP006885 (Anopheles gambiae str. (nih.gov)
  • AgaP_AGAP010283 gene cDNA ORF clone, Anopheles gambiae str. (genscript.com)
Susceptibility1
  • Insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae s.l and identification of some resistance mechanisms in Kwilu Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (bvsalud.org)
Resistance2
  • Prevalence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles multiple insecticide-resistance mechanisms ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study is to determine the status and resistance mechanisms involved in Anopheles gambiae s.l. population of DRC. (bvsalud.org)
Human malaria1
  • Anopheles gambiae females are the world's most successful vectors of human malaria. (biomedcentral.com)
Aedes1
  • But Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae are well known for their preference for human blood and their role as vectors which transmit disease in humans. (healthworldnet.com)
Drosophila2
  • An 800 bp promoter fragment from the AgApy gene, previously shown to drive a weak but tissue-specific expression in adult Drosophila melanogaster salivary glands, was analyzed in the mosquito Anopheles stephensi. (uniroma1.it)
  • Her Anopheles gambiae research includes elements of Proteases, Drosophila melanogaster, Proteolytic enzymes, Sequence analysis and Sexual conflict. (research.com)
METHODS1
  • METHODS: Anopheles larval breeding habitats were surveyed and water samples from 24 larval breeding sites from four strategic areas in urban Lagos were analysed. (who.int)
Mosquito population1
  • They demonstrate diploS/HIC by simulating different selective scenarios based on data from an Anopheles gambiae mosquito population. (genestogenomes.org)
Dengue1
  • Anopheles gambiae is the main carrier for parasites that cause malaria and filariasis as well as viruses that cause yellow fever, dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever, chikungunya and encephalitis. (open-science-repository.com)
Strains2
  • gambiae strains. (elsevier.com)
  • Genetic mapping experiments with the current refractory (L3-5) and susceptible strains (4Arr) revealed three QTLs controlling the encapsulation of P. cynomolgi B. These loci were named Pen1-3 for P lasmodium en capsulation 1 , 2 and 3 . (biomedcentral.com)
Stephensi1
  • Flaminia Catteruccia integrates Genetics and Anopheles stephensi in her research. (research.com)
Complex2
  • Chromosomal differentiation and adaptation to human environments in the Anopheles gambiae complex. (nature.com)
  • Names for the Anopheles gambiae complex. (si.edu)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "Olfaction plays an important role in the host-seeking behavior of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. (wur.nl)
Predominant1
  • Gambiae (69.6%) was predominant, followed by An. (bvsalud.org)
Transmission1
  • Among the latter are those which cause many health problems such as Anopheles, responsible for the transmission of malaria. (fortunejournals.com)
Genome3
  • The Anopheles gambiae genome: an update. (genscript.com)
  • The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. (genscript.com)
  • Genome-wide analysis results were confirmed by stimulation of Anopheles gambiae tissues and cells with hemozoin and silencing of REL2-F and its negative regulator Caspar. (unl.pt)
Females1
Biology2
  • Her studies deal with areas such as Evolutionary biology, Zoology, Mating, Mating plug and Reproductive success as well as Anopheles gambiae. (research.com)
  • Her Anopheles gambiae research integrates issues from Zoology, Mating, Steroid hormone, Reproductive success and Cell biology. (research.com)
Adult1
  • gambiae s.l. were collected and standard WHO bioassays were performed on adult An. (bvsalud.org)
Parasite1
Nigeria2
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Anopheles gambiae s.s. breeding in polluted water bodies in urban Lagos, southwestern Nigeria. (who.int)
  • A study was undertaken in Lagos, Nigeria to study the Anopheles breeding in polluted water bodies. (who.int)