Anopheles gambiae. Medical search

A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.

The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

A polychlorinated pesticide that is resistant to destruction by light and oxidation. Its unusual stability has resulted in difficulties in residue removal from water, soil, and foodstuffs. This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen: Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES.

Bites and stings inflicted by insects.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.

A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

The genetic complement of an insect (INSECTS) as represented in its DNA.

A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.

Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.

A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.

A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.

A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea.

An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.

Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.

The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.

Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.

Lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester, nylon (polyamides), or other material impregnated with insecticide, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby offering protection against insect bite and insect-borne diseases.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.

A mitosporic fungal genus. Teleomorphs are found in the family Clavicipitaceae and include Cordyceps bassiana. The species Beauveria bassiana is a common pathogen of ARTHROPODS and is used in PEST CONTROL.

An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.

Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. The large number of different odorant receptors appears to arise from several gene families or subfamilies rather than from DNA rearrangement.

A segment of the COLON between the RECTUM and the descending colon.

Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB)

A republic in central Africa, bordering the Bay of Biafra, CAMEROON is to the north and GABON to the south. Its capital is Malabo.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.

The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These infective cells invade the host and undergo asexual reproduction producing MEROZOITES (or other forms) and ultimately gametocytes.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

A mitosporic fungal genus in the family Clavicipitaceae. It has teleomorphs in the family Nectriaceae. Metarhizium anisopliae is used in PESTICIDES.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.

Proteins and peptides found in SALIVA and the SALIVARY GLANDS. Some salivary proteins such as ALPHA-AMYLASES are enzymes, but their composition varies in different individuals.

Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).

Free-standing or supported lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester or other material, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby protecting against INSECT BITES; INSECT STINGS, and insect-borne diseases.

Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

The deposit of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.

A carbamate insecticide.

Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.

Synthetic analogs of the naturally occurring insecticides cinerin, jasmolin, and pyrethrin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ACETYLCHOLINE to CHOLINE and acetate. In the CNS, this enzyme plays a role in the function of peripheral neuromuscular junctions. EC 3.1.1.7.

The blood/lymphlike nutrient fluid of some invertebrates.

Paired sense organs connected to the anterior segments of ARTHROPODS that help them navigate through the environment.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects.

A protozoan parasite that occurs naturally in the macaque. It is similar to PLASMODIUM VIVAX and produces a type of malaria similar to vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species has been found to give rise to both natural and experimental human infections.

Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.

A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.

Any blood or formed element especially in invertebrates.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

The continuous sequence of changes undergone by living organisms during the post-embryonic developmental process, such as metamorphosis in insects and amphibians. This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

Living facilities for humans.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

Sexual activities of animals.

Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.

A republic in western Africa, constituting an enclave within SENEGAL extending on both sides of the Gambia River. Its capital is Banjul, formerly Bathurst.

Family of antimicrobial peptides that have been identified in humans, animals, and plants. They are thought to play a role in host defenses against infections, inflammation, wound repair, and acquired immunity.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that contains gelonin, a ribosome-inactivating protein.

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

Antimicrobial peptides that form channels in membranes that are more permeable to anions than cations. They resemble MAGAININS, with their N-terminal region forming a positively charged amphipathic alpha helix, but containing an additional C-terminal segment.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

A republic in eastern Africa bounded on the north by RWANDA and on the south by TANZANIA. Its capital is Bujumbura.

An insecticide synergist, especially for pyrethroids and ROTENONE.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The splitting of an ancestral species into daughter species that coexist in time (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 6th ed). Causal factors may include geographic isolation, HABITAT geometry, migration, REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION, random GENETIC DRIFT and MUTATION.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. EC 1.10.3.1.

The body fluid that circulates in the vascular system (BLOOD VESSELS). Whole blood includes PLASMA and BLOOD CELLS.

The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; EQUATORIAL GUINEA; GABON; and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

MalariaSphere: a greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya. (1/829)

BACKGROUND: The development and implementation of innovative vector control strategies for malaria control in Africa requires in-depth ecological studies in contained semi-field environments. This particularly applies to the development and release of genetically-engineered vectors that are refractory to Plasmodium infection. Here we describe a modified greenhouse, designed to simulate a natural Anopheles gambiae Giles ecosystem, and the first successful trials to complete the life-cycle of this mosquito vector therein. METHODS: We constructed a local house, planted crops and created breeding sites to simulate the natural ecosystem of this vector in a screen-walled greenhouse, exposed to ambient climate conditions, in western Kenya. Using three different starting points for release (blood-fed females, virgin females and males, or eggs), we allowed subsequent stages of the life-cycle to proceed under close observation until one cycle was completed. RESULTS: Completion of the life-cycle was observed in all three trials, indicating that the major life-history behaviours (mating, sugar feeding, oviposition and host seeking) occurred successfully. CONCLUSION: The system described can be used to study the behavioural ecology of laboratory-reared and wild mosquitoes, and lends itself to contained studies on the stability of transgenes, fitness effects and phenotypic characteristics of genetically-engineered disease vectors. The extension of this approach, to enable continuous maintenance of successive and overlapping insect generations, should be prioritized. Semi-field systems represent a promising means to significantly enhance our understanding of the behavioural and evolutionary ecology of African malaria vectors and our ability to develop and evaluate innovative control strategies. With regard to genetically-modified mosquitoes, development of such systems is an essential prerequisite to full field releases. (+info)

Early duplication and functional diversification of the opsin gene family in insects. (2/829)

Recent analysis of the complete mosquito Anopheles gambiae genome has revealed a far higher number of opsin genes than for either the Drosophila melanogaster genome or any other known insect. In particular, the analysis revealed an extraordinary opsin gene content expansion, whereby half are long wavelength-sensitive (LW) opsin gene duplicates. We analyzed this genomic data in relationship to other known insect opsins to estimate the relative timing of the LW opsin gene duplications and to identify "missing" paralogs in extant species. The inferred branching patterns of the LW opsin gene family phylogeny indicate at least one early gene duplication within insects before the emergence of the orders Orthoptera, Mantodea, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. These data predict the existence of one more LW opsin gene than is currently known from most insects. We tested this prediction by using a degenerate PCR strategy to screen the hymenopteran genome for novel LW opsin genes. We isolated two LW opsin gene sequences from each of five bee species, Bombus impatiens, B. terrestris, Diadasia afflicta, D. rinconis, and Osmia rufa, including 1.1 to 1.2 kb from a known (LW Rh1) and 1 kb from a new opsin gene (LW Rh2). Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the novel hymenopteran gene is orthologous to A. gambiae GPRop7, a gene that is apparently missing from D. melanogaster. Relative rate tests show that LW Rh2 is evolving at a slower rate than LW Rh1 and, therefore, may be a useful marker for higher-level hymenopteran systematics. Site-specific rate tests indicate the presence of several amino acid sites between LW Rh1 and LW Rh2 that have undergone shifts in selective constraints after duplication. These sites and others are discussed in relationship to putative structural and functional differences between the two genes. (+info)

The genetics of inviability and male sterility in hybrids between Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis. (3/829)

Male hybrids between Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis suffer from hybrid sterility, and inviability effects are sometimes present as well. We examined the genetic basis of these reproductive barriers between the two species, using 21 microsatellite markers. Generally, recessive inviability effects were found on the X chromosome of gambiae that are incompatible with at least one factor on each arabiensis autosome. Inviability is complete when the gambiae and arabiensis inviability factors are hemi- or homozygous. Using a QTL mapping approach, regions that contribute to male hybrid sterility were also identified. The X chromosome has a disproportionately large effect on male hybrid sterility. Additionally, several moderate-to-large autosomal QTL were found in both species. The effect of these autosomal QTL is contingent upon the presence of an X chromosome from the other species. Substantial regions of the autosomes do not contribute markedly to male hybrid sterility. Finally, no evidence for epistatic interactions between conspecific sterility loci was found. (+info)

Innate immunity in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae: comparative and functional genomics. (4/829)

The resurgence of malaria is at least partly attributed to the absence of an effective vaccine, parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs and resistance to insecticides of the anopheline mosquito vectors. Novel strategies are needed to combat the disease on three fronts: protection (vaccines), prophylaxis/treatment (antimalarial drugs) and transmission blocking. The latter entails either killing the mosquitoes (insecticides), preventing mosquito biting (bednets and repellents), blocking parasite development in the vector (transmission blocking vaccines), genetic manipulation or chemical incapacitation of the vector. During the past decade, mosquito research has been energized by several breakthroughs, including the successful transformation of anopheline vectors, analysis of gene function by RNAi, genome-wide expression profiling using DNA microarrays and, most importantly, sequencing of the Anopheles gambiae genome. These breakthroughs helped unravel some of the mechanisms underlying the dynamic interactions between the parasite and the vector and shed light on the mosquito innate immune system as a set of potential targets to block parasite development. In this context, putative pattern recognition receptors of the mosquito that act as positive and negative regulators of parasite development have been identified recently. Characterizing these molecules and others of similar function, and identifying their ligands on the parasite surface, will provide clues on the nature of the interactions that define an efficient parasite-vector system and open up unprecedented opportunities to control the vectorial capacity of anopheline mosquitoes. (+info)

A weather-driven model of malaria transmission. (5/829)

BACKGROUND: Climate is a major driving force behind malaria transmission and climate data are often used to account for the spatial, seasonal and interannual variation in malaria transmission. METHODS: This paper describes a mathematical-biological model of the parasite dynamics, comprising both the weather-dependent within-vector stages and the weather-independent within-host stages. RESULTS: Numerical evaluations of the model in both time and space show that it qualitatively reconstructs the prevalence of infection. CONCLUSION: A process-based modelling structure has been developed that may be suitable for the simulation of malaria forecasts based on seasonal weather forecasts. (+info)

Structural and evolutionary analyses of the Ty3/gypsy group of LTR retrotransposons in the genome of Anopheles gambiae. (6/829)

The recent availability of the genome of Anopheles gambiae offers an extraordinary opportunity for comparative studies of the diversity of transposable elements (TEs) and their evolutionary dynamics between two related species, taking advantage of the existing information from Drosophila melanogaster. To this goal, we screened the genome of A. gambiae for elements belonging to the Ty3/gypsy group of long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. The A. gambiae genome displays a rich diversity of LTR retrotransposons, clearly greater than D. melanogaster. We have characterized in detail 63 families, belonging to five of the nine main lineages of the Ty3/gypsy group. The Mag lineage is the most diverse and abundant, with more than 30 families. In sharp contrast with this finding, a single family belonging to this lineage has been found in D. melanogaster, here reported for the first time in the literature, most probably consisting of old inactive elements. The CsRn1 lineage is also abundant in A. gambiae but almost absent from D. melanogaster. Conversely, the Osvaldo lineage has been detected in Drosophila but not in Anopheles. Comparison of structural characteristics of different families led to the identification of several lineage-specific features such as the primer-binding site (PBS), the gag-pol translational recoding signal (TRS), which is extraordinarily diverse within the Ty3/gypsy retrotransposons of A. gambiae, or the presence/absence of specific amino acid motifs. Interestingly, some of these characteristics, although in general well conserved within lineages, may have evolved independently in particular branches of the phylogenetic tree. We also show evidence of recent activity for around 75% of the families. Nevertheless, almost all families contain a high proportion of degenerate members and solitary LTRs (solo LTRs), indicative of a lower turnover rate of retrotransposons belonging to the Ty3/gypsy group in A. gambiae than in D. melanogaster. Finally, we have detected significant overrepresentations of insertions on the X chromosome versus autosomes and of putatively active insertions on euchromatin versus heterochromatin. (+info)

Invertebrate data predict an early emergence of vertebrate fibrillar collagen clades and an anti-incest model. (7/829)

Fibrillar collagens are involved in the formation of striated fibrils and are present from the first multicellular animals, sponges, to humans. Recently, a new evolutionary model for fibrillar collagens has been suggested (Boot-Handford, R. P., Tuckwell, D. S., Plumb, D. A., Farrington Rock, C., and Poulsom, R. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 31067-31077). In this model, a rare genomic event leads to the formation of the founder vertebrate fibrillar collagen gene prior to the early vertebrate genome duplications and the radiation of the vertebrate fibrillar collagen clades (A, B, and C). Here, we present the modular structure of the fibrillar collagen chains present in different invertebrates from the protostome Anopheles gambiae to the chordate Ciona intestinalis. From their modular structure and the use of a triple helix instead of C-propeptide sequences in phylogenetic analyses, we were able to show that the divergence of A and B clades arose early during evolution because alpha chains related to these clades are present in protostomes. Moreover, the event leading to the divergence of B and C clades from a founder gene arose before the appearance of vertebrates; altogether these data contradict the Boot-Handford model. Moreover, they indicate that all the key steps required for the formation of fibrils of variable structure and functionality arose step by step during invertebrate evolution. (+info)

Distribution of ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone I in the nervous system and gut of mosquitoes. (8/829)

Ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone I (OEH I) is a gonadotropin in the female mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Whole-mount immunocytochemistry using OEH I antisera revealed an extensive distribution of immunostained cells in larvae and adults of this mosquito comparable to that observed in the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Medial neurosecretory cells were stained in brains of larvae and adult Ae. aegypti. In An gambiae the lateral neurosecretory cells were stained more often. In both species, immunostained axons from these cells extended out of the brain through the neurohemal organ associated with the aorta and branched extensively along the midgut. Immunostained endocrine cells were observed in larval and adult midguts of both species. In adults, abdominal metameric perivisceral organs were stained. Stained axons interconnected the perivisceral organs and neurosecretory cells in the abdominal ganglia. Episodic release of OEH I from these organs was evident in female Ae. aegypti, when staining disappeared at 12 hours after a blood meal and returned by 48 hours to levels observed before and up to 2 hours after the blood meal. Two sites were specifically stained only in An. gambiae: an axon net around the pyloric valve in the hindgut of larvae and adults and a ring of endocrine cells in the cardiac valve in the larval midgut. The markedly similar localizations of immunostained cells in larvae and adults of two distantly related species indicate that OEH I, or a homolog, is conserved within this group of Diptera and likely has stage- and sex-specific functions. (+info)

FHV has been shown to infect medically important genera of insects: mosquitos, e.g. Anopheles gambiae; the tsetse fly; and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flock_House_virus

ISBN 0-8138-2053-7. Anopheles gambiae female mosquito feeding. Stomxys calcitrans adult stable-fly. Tabanus bovinus adult ... Species of genera Aedes, Anopheles and Psorophora transmit equine encephalitis viruses to horses. Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles ... against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in southern Benin. Transactions of the ... 1: Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Mansonia and Psorophora. Journal of Medical Entomology, 8: 687-695. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_flies_of_domestic_animals

". "AGAP007948-PA, partial [Anopheles gambiae STR. PEST] - Protein - NCBI". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDR75

... gambiae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000005575.2_AgamP3". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30. "Anopheles gambiae (ID 46) - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_density

ISBN 978-88-900622-7-8. Turner, T.L. (2005). "Genomic Islands of Speciation in Anopheles gambiae". PLOS Biology. 3 (9): e285. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication_islands

With the sequencing of P. falciparum, one of its vectors Anopheles gambiae, and the human genome, the genetics of all three ... Killeen G, Fillinger U, Kiche I, Gouagna L, Knols B (2002). "Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: Lessons for malaria ... Aultman KS, Gottlieb M, Giovanni MY, Fauci AS (2002). "Anopheles gambiae genome: completing the malaria triad". Science. 298 ( ... Females of the mosquito genus Anopheles prefer to feed at night. They usually start searching for a meal at dusk, and continue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria

He also participated in the sequencing of the genome of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae completed in 2002. He was Assistant ... Dimopoulos, G.; Müller, H. M.; Kafatos, F. C. (1999). "How does Anopheles gambiae kill malaria parasites?". Parassitologia. 41 ... 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-149. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.. ... "Low-resolution genome map of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotis_Kafatos

March 4, 2010). "Odorant reception in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Nature. 464 (7285): 66-71. doi:10.1038/ ... repertoire and a similar study that characterized the Or repertoire of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito. Carlson lab research has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carlson_(biologist)

Dinglasan, R.R.; M. Devenport; L. Florens; J.R. Johnson & C.A. McHugh (2009). "The Anopheles gambiae Adult Midgut Peritrophic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritrophic_matrix

Ren X, Hoiczyk E, Rasgon JL (August 2008). Schneider DS (ed.). "Viral paratransgenesis in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae ... Ren X, Hoiczyk E, Rasgon JL (August 2008). "Viral paratransgenesis in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae". PLOS Pathogens. 4 ... October 2001). "Aedes aegypti transducing densovirus pathogenesis and expression in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae larvae ... gambiae and Ae. aegypti symbiotic viruses using bacteria symbionts blood-sucking, tsetse flies and mosquitoes. Symbionts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratransgenesis

428:493 Holt, RA, et al., The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science, 2002. 298:129 Castellarin M ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Andrew_Holt

October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-49. Bibcode:2002Sci... ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPro

Anopheles gambiae) has 7 PGRP genes, with 9 splice variants. Mammals have up to four PGRPs, all of which are secreted. These ... "Immunity-related genes and gene families in Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 159-165. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..159C. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein

October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-49. Bibcode:2002Sci... ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_eukaryotic_genomes

... is a bacterium isolated from the midgut of Anopheles gambiae G3 mosquitoes reared in captivity. The ... nov., isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... "Transstadial and horizontal transfer of bacteria within a colony of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) and oviposition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethkingia_anophelis

Blackwood, Oxford Service, MW (1971). "Studies on sampling larval populations of the Anopheles gambiae complex". Bull World ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor's_law

Anopheles gambiae in Brazil". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 78 (1): 176-78. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.176 ... entomologist Raymond Corbett Shannon discovered imported disease-bearing Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes living in Brazil (DNA ... However, complete eradication of A. gambiae from northeast Brazil and thus from the New World was achieved in 1940 by the ... Relapses were confirmed by Patrick Manson, who allowed infected Anopheles mosquitoes to feed on his eldest son. The younger ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_malaria

... the olfactory neurons of malaria mosquitoes Anopheles gambiae. In 2019, the Q-system in Anopheles mosquitoes was used to ... "Organization of olfactory centres in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Nature Communications. 7: 13010. Bibcode: ... "Commonly Used Insect Repellents Hide Human Odors from Anopheles Mosquitoes". Current Biology. 0: 3669-3680.e5. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-system_(genetics)

The main anthropophilic vectors are Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus. The animal reservoir includes birds, monkeys and ... as far south as the Republic of South Africa and as far north westwards as Gambia'. Bwamba fever is endemic in several African ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bwamba_orthobunyavirus

nov., isolated from the midgut of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... The genus includes four species: Elizabethkingia anophelis, isolated from Anopheles mosquitoes, can cause respiratory tract ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethkingia

"Organization of olfactory centres in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Nature Communications. 7: 13010. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_olfaction

However, T. anophelis has also been found in the reproductive tissues of male and female Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii ... "Dynamic gut microbiome across life history of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Kenya". PLOS ONE. 6 (9): e24767. doi: ... "16S rRNA gene-based identification of midgut bacteria from field-caught Anopheles gambiae sensu lato and A. funestus mosquitoes ... "Thorsellia anophelis is the dominant bacterium in a Kenyan population of adult Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes". The ISME Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorselliaceae

2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. Science, AAAS. 298 (5591): 129-149. doi: ... He was a member of the European Drosophila Genome Project and the Anopheles Genome Project. Study of the molecular interactions ... With his colleagues in Crete, he developed AnoDB/AnoBase, the first genetic databases for Anopheles, which later evolved into ... between Anopheles and the Malaria parasite. Development of biomedical ontologies, especially for medical entomology, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christos_Louis

"Physiology of desiccation resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiccation_tolerance

"Survivorship of Immature Stages of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Natural Habitats in Western Kenya Highlands ... Anopheles mosquitoes in highland areas are to experience a larger shift in their metabolic rate due to the climate change. This ... Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of a number of diseases in the world, such as, malaria, lymphatic ... as deforestation could increase local temperatures in the highlands thus could enhance the vectorial capacity of the anopheles. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-anxiety

Oct 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-149. Bibcode:2002Sci...298 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterPro?rdfrom=https://bsd.neuroinf.jp/w/index.php?title=InterPro&redirect=no

... which could eradicate Anopheles gambiae or otherwise render the mosquito unable to transmit malaria. Being able to model and ... "Homing endonuclease mediated gene targeting in Anopheles gambiae cells and embryos". Nucleic Acids Research. 35 (17): 5922-33. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/[email protected]

Anopheles gambiae Strain: PEST, mosquito (vector of malaria) (2002[120]). *Anopheles gambiae Strain: M, mosquito (vector of ... Anopheles gambiae Strain: S, mosquito (vector of malaria) (2010)[121]). *Anopheles sinensis, mosquito (vector of vivax malaria ... October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-49. Bibcode:2002Sci... ... "Widespread divergence between incipient Anopheles gambiae species revealed by whole genome sequences". Science. 330 (6003): 512 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_animal_genomes

Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti and Tsetse fly are important vectors of diseases. 1600 species of bees and 2000 species of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_of_Africa

TEP1 in Anopheles gambiae is the one of the best studied of these molecules. Despite close structural and functional ... TEP1 was first identified as a key immunity gene in 2001 through functional studies on Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. TEP1 is an ... Le BV, Williams M, Logarajah S, Baxter RH (2012). "Molecular basis for genetic resistance of Anopheles gambiae to Plasmodium: ... Blandin SA, Marois E, Levashina EA (2008). "Antimalarial responses in Anopheles gambiae: from a complement-like protein to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioester-containing_protein_1

Pryfed: Drosophila melanogaster (pry ffrwythau), Anopheles gambiae (mosgito), Aedes aegypti (mosgito). *Abwydod: Caenorhabditis ...

https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensembl

Malaria-bearing mosquitos, such as Anopheles gambiae: Mass drug administration of a population with ivermectin for purposes of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivermectin

The diamond-shaped alary muscles (green) of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae and their structural relationship to the tube-like ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forewing

甘比亞瘧蚊（Anopheles Gambiae），瘧蚊的一種 ... 蚊科之下的一個屬，瘧蚊屬（Anopheles），是單

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/蚊

The tube-like heart (green) of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae extends horizontally across the body, interlinked with the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecta

... a hypervariable immunoglobulin domain-containing receptor of the Anopheles gambiae innate immune system". PLOS Biology. 4 (7): ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquired_immunity

The Anopheles gambiae mosquito complex contains both species which are a vector for malaria, and species which are not.[40] ... "Molecular phylogeny of the Anopheles gambiae complex suggests genetic introgression between principal malaria vectors". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_complex

Killeen G, Fillinger U, Kiche I, Gouagna L, Knols B (2002). "Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: lessons for malaria ... 2006). "[Pyrethroid and DDT resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) in five agricultural ecosystems from Côte ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಮಲೇರಿಯಾ

The Anopheles gambiae mosquito complex contains both species that are a vector for malaria and species that are not.[40] ... "Molecular phylogeny of the Anopheles gambiae complex suggests genetic introgression between principal malaria vectors". ... Anopheles,the fungi causing cryptococcosis, and sister species of Bactrocera tyroni, or the Queensland fruit fly. Curiously, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptic_species_complex

"Flight performance of the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles atroparvus" (PDF)។ Journal of Vector Ecology 29 (1): ... The mosquito Anopheles gambiae is currently undergoing speciation into the M(opti) and S(avanah) molecular forms. Consequently ... Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character '១'. "Widespread Divergence Between Incipient Anopheles gambiae Species ... "Daily temperature profiles in and around Western Kenyan larval habitats of Anopheles gambiae as related to egg mortality"។ ...

https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/មូស

Anopheles gambiae genome: completing the malaria triad. Science. 2002, 298 (5591): 13. PMID 12364752. doi:10.1126/science. ... 控制病媒的方法除了化學方法之外，現在還有使用基因工程的做法。基因體是瘧疾研究的中心，目前惡性瘧原蟲、病媒蚊岡比亞瘧蚊（英语：Anopheles stephensi），和人類的基因體皆已定序[209]。科學家改造瘧蚊的基因，使其壽命縮短，或是可

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/疟疾

"Comparative molecular modeling of Anopheles gambiae CYP6Z1, a mosquito P450 capable of metabolizing DDT". Proceedings of the ... and CYP6Z1 in the mosquito malaria vector Anopheles gambiae is capable of directly metabolizing DDT.[35] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP450

Minangka nu paling kawentar nyaéta Anopheles gambiae, reungit nu boga 'jasa' gede dina nyebarkeun parasit Plasmodium falciparum ... Sababaraha spésiés Anopheles ogé bisa jadi véktor Dirofilaria immitis, Filariidae Wuchereria bancrofti, jeung Brugia malayi, ... Anopheles téh hiji genus reungit (Culicidae), kabagi kana kira 400 spésiés, nu 30-40 di antarana bisa mawa parasit ti genus ... Habitat jentik Anopheles bisa di mana waé, tapi lolobana mah milih cai nu beresih, tanpa polusi. Nu kungsi kapanggih di ...

https://su.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles

Anopheles gambiae és una de les més conegudes a causa del seu paper important en la transmissió del Plasmodium falciparum. ... Anopheles és un gènere de dípters nematòcers de la família Cuculidae. N'hi ha aproximadament 400 espècies, de les quals 30-40 ... Com tots els mosquits, els Anopheles travessen quatre fases: ou, larva, pupa i adult. Les primeres 3 etapes transcorren en medi ... Mapa del món mostrant la distribució de diversos mosquits Anopheles. *Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. - Enllaços a catàleg en ...

https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles

Espesye sa langaw ang Anopheles gambiae[1]. Una ning gihulagway ni Giles ni adtong 1902. Ang Anopheles gambiae sakop sa ... Gikuha gikan sa "https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anopheles_gambiae&oldid=17989925" ... kahenera nga Anopheles sa kabanay nga Culicidae.[1][2] Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya.[1] ...

https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles_gambiae

Killeen GF, Fillinger U, Kiche I, Gouagna LC, Knols BG (October 2002). "Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: lessons ... "Anopheles gambiae, one of the primary vectors of malaria in Africa, breeds in numerous small pools of water that form due to ... Hargreaves K, Hunt RH, Brooke BD, Mthembu J, Weeto MM, Awolola TS, Coetzee M (December 2003). "Anopheles arabiensis and An. ... Thus far, pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles has not been a major problem.[113] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ddt

Anopheles, Aedes, Culex larvae Antinociception, antihyperalgesic. S. acmella. Flowers. CWE. Formalin test of nociception and ... A. gambiae, Culex larvae Anti-inflammatory. S. acmella. Aerial parts. Aqueous. Carragenan-induced paw edema in rats ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmella_oleracea

Anopheles coustani. Anopheles crypticus. Anopheles farauti. Anopheles forattinii. Anopheles funestus. Anopheles gambiae. ... Anopheles minimus. 'Anopheles moucheti. Anopheles nili. Anopheles ovengensis. Anopheles pampanae. Anopheles peytoni. Anopheles ... Anopheles grabhamii. Anopheles hailarensis. Anopheles halophylus. Anopheles hyrcanus. Anopheles kosiensis. Anopheles ... Anopheles gambiae adalah paling terkenal akibat peranannya sebagai penyebar parasit malaria (contoh. Plasmodium falciparum) ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles

This was the second mosquito species to have its genome sequenced in full (the first was Anopheles gambiae). The published data ... and Anopheles gambiae and this species diverged about 150 million years ago.[37][38] ... This approach could also be applied to control Aedes albopictus and the Anopheles mosquitoes that spread malaria.[33] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedes_aegypti

Anopheles gambiae". Proc Biol Sci. 265 (1398): 763-8. doi:10.1098/rspb.1998.0358. PMC 1689045 . PMID 9628035.. ... Mosquitoes of the genera Culex, Anopheles, Culiseta, Mansonia and Aedes may act as insect hosts for various Plasmodium species ... The best studies of these have been the Anopheles mosquitoes which host Plasmodium parasites that cause human malaria, as well ... Several of the species which infect rodents have been shown to also infect the mosquito Anopheles stephensi. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiplasmodial

Killeen GF, Fillinger U, Kiche I, Gouagna LC, Knols BG (2002). "Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: lessons for ... Hargreaves K, Hunt RH, Brooke BD (2003). "Anopheles arabiensis and An. quadriannulatus resistance to DDT in South Africa". Med ...

https://ta.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/டி.டி.டீ

... gambiae taxonomy, facts and life cycle. *Anopheles quadrimaculatus, common malaria mosquito on the University of ... Anopheles gambiae Genome and Related Data. *CDC - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Parasitic Diseases; ... Țânțarul anofel (Anopheles), numit și „țânțarul malariei" sau al febrei de baltă, este un gen de țânțari care face parte din ... Genul Anopheles cuprinde 420 de specii din care circa 40 de specii transmit malaria. Acești țânțari sunt mici, având dimensiuni ...

https://ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles

... gabaldoni. *Anopheles galvaoi. *Anopheles gambiae. *Anopheles garnhami. *Anopheles geometricus. *Anopheles georgianus ... Henero sa mga langaw ang Anopheles[1]. Ang Anopheles sakop sa kabanay nga Culicidae.[1] ... Gikuha gikan sa "https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anopheles&oldid=17989567" ...

https://ceb.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles

Killeen GF, Fillinger U, Kiche I, Gouagna LC, Knols BG (October 2002). "Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: lessons ... "Anopheles gambiae, un dos vectores principais da malaria en África, reprodúcese en numerosas pequenas pozas de auga que se ... Os autores do estudo concluíron que o feito de "atopar resistencia ao DDT no vector Anopheles arabiensis, preto da área na que ... Polo de agora, a resistencia aos piretroides en Anopheles non supón un problema de importancia.[101] ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT

... ting is mainly used for the protection against the malaria transmitting vector, Anopheles gambiae. The first record ... In December 2019 it was reported that West African populations of Anopheles gambiae include mutants with higher levels of ... Results showed that from 2008 to 2010 the relative population density of the female anopheles gambiae decreased from 90.6% to ... Minakawa, Noboru . "Impacts of insecticide treated bed nets on Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in Mbita district and Suba ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_net

"Flight performance of the malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles atroparvus" (PDF). Journal of Vector Ecology. 29 (1 ... These include Aedes aegypti, Aedes vexans, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, Culex pipiens,[111] Aedes communis, Anopheles ... The mosquito Anopheles gambiae is currently undergoing speciation into the M(opti) and S(avanah) molecular forms. Consequently ... Sep 24, 2018). "A CRISPR-Cas9 gene drive targeting doublesex causes complete population suppression in caged Anopheles gambiae ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito

... and in the Republic of the Gambia, West Africa, following children during the period when they are most susceptible to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_Resistance_to_Malaria

Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles bwambae Anopheles melas Anopheles merus Anopheles quadriannulatus Anopheles gambiae sensu ... The Anopheles gambiae complex or Anopheles gambiae sensu lato was recognized as a species complex only in the 1960s. The A. ... Anopheles gambiae in Brazil". Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 78 (1): 176-8. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2008.78.176. PMID 18187802. "Anopheles ... "Anopheles gambiae: First genome of a vector for a parasitic disease". Genoscope. Lawniczak, M. K.; et al. (Oct 22, 2010). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles_gambiae

Now the entire repertoire of odorant receptor proteins in the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, the major malaria vector in sub- ... Our analysis of the Anopheles gambiae repertoire identifies receptors that may be useful targets for controlling the ... Here we functionally characterize the Anopheles gambiae odorant receptor (AgOr) repertoire. We identify receptors that respond ... This analysis of the Anopheles gambiae receptors permits a comparison with the corresponding Drosophila melanogaster odorant ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08834?error=cookies_not_supported&code=64653e9a-51bb-49e6-977f-a9406f3303db

Evidence for late Pleistocene population expansion of the malarial mosquitoes, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae in ... Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Aram D. Stump, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Neil F. Lobo, ... Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Aram D. Stump, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Neil F. Lobo, ... Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Aram D. Stump, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Neil F. Lobo, ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/102/44/15930/tab-article-info

... Softberry Team softberry at softberry.com Tue Nov 5 16:33:34 EST 2002 *Previous ... Anopheles gambiae Gene finding parameters for FGENESH the program with parameters for major model organisms is available for on ... Fgenesh output: fgenesh Tue Nov 5 16:23:15 EST 2002 FGENESH 1.1 Prediction of potential genes in Anopheles_gambiae genomic DNA ... A new parameter set for gene prediction Anopheles gambiae is developed for FGENESH program. Accuracy of prediction of ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/genstruc/2002-November/000364.html

AgaP_AGAP010787 [Anopheles gambiae str. PEST] AgaP_AGAP010787 [Anopheles gambiae str. PEST]. Gene ID:5668064 ... Update of the Anopheles gambiae PEST genome assembly. Sharakhova MV, et al. Genome Biol, 2007. PMID 17210077, Free PMC Article ... The Anopheles gambiae genome: an update. Mongin E, et al. Trends Parasitol, 2004 Feb. PMID 14747013 ... Anopheles gambiae str. PEST (strain: PEST) Lineage. Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5668064

Systems genetic analysis of inversion polymorphisms in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Changde Cheng, John C. Tan, ... Here we take a systems genetics approach, analyzing two inversion systems implicated in climatic adaption by Anopheles gambiae ... Inversion polymorphisms in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae segregate along climatic gradients of aridity. Despite ... Systems genetic analysis of inversion polymorphisms in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/115/30/E7005.short?rss=1

gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) Kisumu strain.. Results: Anopheles arabiensis was the dominant malaria specie in the country, ... Molecular assay were used to determine distribution of Anopheles gambiae sub-species. A microplate assay approach was used for ... gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis. Also bendiocarb resistance was recorded in Mbozi site, where An. gambiae s.s. is the dominant ... Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae from Tanzania. A major concern for malaria vector control ...

https://www.rti.org/publication/multiple-insecticide-resistance-anopheles-gambiae-tanzania

The Genome Sequence of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae. By Robert A. Holt, G. Mani Subramanian, Aaron Halpern, Granger G ... The Genome Sequence of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae. By Robert A. Holt, G. Mani Subramanian, Aaron Halpern, Granger G ... The Genome Sequence of the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae Message Subject. (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/298/5591/129.full

Reproductive success in Anopheles arabiensis and the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae: Do natural sporozoite ... Read more about Reproductive success in Anopheles arabiensis and the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae: Do natural ... The reproductive success of wild-caught Anopheles arabiensis and the M and S molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae was ... Anopheles gambiae resistance to pyrethroid-treated nets in cotton versus rice areas in Mali February 15, 2012 - 14:59 -- ...

https://malariaworld.org/category/medical-condition/medical-condition-25?page=4

Open Access , An Expression Map for Anopheles gambiae. December 21, 2011 - 13:20 -- Patrick Sampao. Author(s): ... CLOSED: Job: Post-Doctoral Position to study Cuticular Proteins in Anopheles gambiae. November 3, 2011 - 19:50 -- Ingeborg van ... Open Access , Visual and olfactory associative learning in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. January 31, 2012 ... Kinetic properties of alternatively spliced isoforms of laccase-2 from Tribolium castaneum and Anopheles gambiae January 26, ...

https://malariaworld.org/category/medical-condition/medical-condition-25?page=5

Satellite DNA from the Y chromosome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Jaroslaw Krzywinski, Djibril Sangare and Nora ... Satellite DNA from the Y chromosome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Jaroslaw Krzywinski, Djibril Sangare and Nora ... Satellite DNA from the Y chromosome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Jaroslaw Krzywinski, Djibril Sangare and Nora ... Satellite DNA from the Y chromosome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae ...

http://www.genetics.org/content/early/2004/09/30/genetics.104.034264

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito). Anopheles quadriannulatus (Mosquito). 668. UniRef100_Q7QI16. Cluster: AGAP000958- ... Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito). Anopheles quadriannulatus (Mosquito). Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) ( ... Anopheles epiroticus. Anopheles stephensi (Indo-Pakistan malaria mosquito). Anopheles funestus (African malaria mosquito). 668 ... Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito)Imported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7QI16

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito)Imported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using ... tr,Q7PQ16,Q7PQ16_ANOGA AGAP005213-PA OS=Anopheles gambiae OX=7165 GN=1274922 PE=3 SV=4 ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7PQ16

An Integrated Genetic Map of the African Human Malaria Vector Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae Liangbiao Zheng, Mark Q. Benedict, ... An Integrated Genetic Map of the African Human Malaria Vector Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae Liangbiao Zheng, Mark Q. Benedict, ... An Integrated Genetic Map of the African Human Malaria Vector Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae Liangbiao Zheng, Mark Q. Benedict, ... We present a genetic map based on microsatellite polymorphisms for the African human malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae. ...

https://www.genetics.org/content/143/2/941

... Cody J. Champion,1 ... E. Warr, R. Aguilar, Y. Dong, V. Mahairaki, and G. Dimopoulos, "Spatial and sex-specific dissection of the Anopheles gambiae ... A. Padrón, A. Molina-Cruz, M. Quinones et al., "In depth annotation of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito midgut transcriptome," ... J. C. Hoxmeier, B. D. Thompson, C. D. Broeckling et al., "Analysis of the metabolome of Anopheles gambiae mosquito after ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/dpis/2017/8091749/ref/

... Cody J. Champion,1 ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/dpis/2017/8091749/dataset/

Mismatch repair (Anopheles gambiae). From WikiPathways. Revision as of 11:06, 26 June 2013 by Ddigles (Talk , contribs) ...

https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php?title=Pathway:WP1233&direction=prev&oldid=68441

Anopheles gambiae License=CC BY 2.0, ,Comment Source=GenMAPP notes,Gene lists from obtained from InterPro 9-23-2003: Mm ...

https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php?title=Pathway:WP1229&action=edit&oldid=40476

Within the genus Anopheles, Anopheles gambiae is the species with the greatest vectorial capacity and is the most prominent ... RNAi Trigger Delivery into Anopheles gambiae Pupae. Kimberly Regna1, Rachel M. Harrison1, Shannon A. Heyse1, Thomas C. Chiles1 ... Harker, B. W., et al. Transcription Profiling Associated With Life Cycle of Anopheles gambiae. J Med Entomol. 49, (2), 316-325 ... Mitchell, S. N., et al. Metabolic and Target-Site Mechanisms Combine to Confer Strong DDT Resistance in Anopheles gambiae. PLoS ...

https://www.jove.com/video/53738/rnai-trigger-delivery-into-anopheles-gambiae-pupae

Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of malaria, a disease that afflicts more than 500 million people and causes more than ... The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2002-10-04; 298.5591: 129-49.. ... Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 ...

https://www.jcvi.org/publications/genome-sequence-malaria-mosquito-anopheles-gambiae

Olfactory Coding in Antennal Neurons of the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae.. [Yu Tong Qiu, Joop J A van Loon, Willem ... of the electrophysiological responses of olfactory neurons in the antennae of the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/16963500

... PLoS Pathog. 2018 Mar 8;14 ... Here we have established a modified CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing procedure for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, and studied ... The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools for Anopheles mosquitoes provide new and promising opportunities ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29518156/?dopt=Abstract

The article contains a summary of the published data on the biology of Anopheles gambiae and of the author's studies of ... Among other things, the author investigated the potentially very important problem: are there two races of gambiae-zoophilic ... gambiae for malaria parasites in French West Africa. Because the author's studies are largely ecological the lack of ... Identification of Single Specimens of the Anopheles Gambiae Complex by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Julie A. Scott, William G ...

http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1953.2.755

gambiae collected in six sentinel sites in Côte dIvoire. The sites were selected on the basis of their bioclimatic status and ... gambiae populations were significantly higher than the levels found in the susceptible strain Kisumu. Pre-exposure of ... gambiae populations across sites showed high levels of resistance to organochloride, pyrethroid and carbamate insecticides. The ... Anopheles gambiae Is the Subject Area "Anopheles gambiae" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0082387

Exposure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection enhances the ability of their immune system to respond to ... A mosquito lipoxin/lipocalin complex mediates innate immune priming in Anopheles gambiae.. [Jose Luis Ramirez, Giselle de ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/26100162

... the role of L-lactic acid was investigated in relation to host-seeking and selection by female Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu ... L-lactic acid: a human-signifying host cue for the anthropophilic mosquito Anopheles gambiae Med Vet Entomol. 2002 Mar;16(1):91 ... the role of L-lactic acid was investigated in relation to host-seeking and selection by female Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu ... gambiae. Analysis of skin rubbings from various vertebrates (carnivores, chickens, primates, rodents, ungulates) indicated that ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11963986/?dopt=Abstract

... gene family in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in Sub-Saharan Africa. We identified 18 A. gambiae SRPN ... Update of the Anopheles gambiae PEST genome assemply. Genome Biol. 2007;8:R5. [PMC free article] [PubMed] ... Anopheles gambiae SRPN2 facilitates midgut invasion by the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. EMBO Reports. 2005;6:891-897. [ ... Anopheles gambiae. Ms. Manduca sexta. Dm. Drosophila melanogaster. PPO. prophenoloxidase. PAP. prophenoloxidase-activating ...

http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2716094/

EGFR ortholog from Anopheles; from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: orthologs from Drosophila, human, mouse & chicken; ... Anopheles gambiae AGER protein. Subscribe to New Research on Anopheles gambiae AGER protein ... AGER - EGFR ortholog from Anopheles; from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae: orthologs from Drosophila, human, mouse & ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC452619-Anopheles-gambiae-AGER-protein.do

The main Afrotropical malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, is undergoing a process of sympatric ecological ...

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The Anopheles gambiae complex consists of at least seven morphologically indistinguishable species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. (wikipedia.org)
We tested Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Côte d'Ivoire for resistance and screened a subset The Study for target site mutations. (cdc.gov)
Metabolomic and ecdysteroid variations in Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes exposed to the stressful conditions of the dry season in Burkina Faso, West Africa," Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 486-497, 2014. (hindawi.com)
The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools for Anopheles mosquitoes provide new and promising opportunities for the study of agonist function and for developing malaria control strategies through gene deletion to achieve complete agonist inactivation. (nih.gov)
Exposure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection enhances the ability of their immune system to respond to subsequent infections. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Using a dual-choice olfactometer, the role of L-lactic acid was investigated in relation to host-seeking and selection by female Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in a Y-tube bioassay. (nih.gov)
Collections of Anopheles gambiae Giles complex, A. funestus Giles group and other mosquitoes were made by spray-catch from twelve catching stations indoors and by hand-catch from pit shelters at two catching stations at Segera, Tanzania, between January 1970 and June 1971. (cambridge.org)
Here, we report a compilation of the transgenesis tools that we have designed for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae , including new docking strains, convenient transgenesis plasmids, a puromycin resistance selection marker, mosquitoes expressing cre recombinase, and various reporter lines defining the activity of cloned promoters. (g3journal.org)
To investigate the genetic basis of olfactory modulation in mosquitoes, we assayed changes in CO 2 detection from receptor gene expression through physiological function to behaviour, associated with the onset of host seeking in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae . (biologists.org)
For example, in several populations of the major malaria vector in Africa, Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes, mutations in the DDT/pyrethroid target site, known as knockdown resistance ( kdr ) alleles, have been found in conjunction with resistance alleles of the acetylcholinesterase gene ( Ace-1 R ), the target site of organophosphates and carbamates ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Time-mortality curve for wild-caught Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from Tiassalé, southern Côte d'Ivoire, exposed to deltamethrin (median time to death = 248 minutes). (cdc.gov)
Whilst physical and chemical cues used by Culex and Aedes vector mosquitoes for selecting an oviposition site have been extensively studied, those for Anopheles remain poorly explored. (diva-portal.org)
Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were collected from four sites across Benin and identified to species/molecular form. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes is a major threat for malaria vector control. (biomedcentral.com)
In insects, including Anopheles mosquitoes, Dscam (Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule) appears to be involved in phagocytosis of pathogens, and shows pathogen-specific splice-form expression between divergent pathogen (or parasite) types (e.g. between bacteria and Plasmodium or between Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium falciparum ). (biomedcentral.com)
Significant increases in Anopheles gambiae Dscam (AgDscam) receptor diversity were observed in parasite-exposed mosquitoes, but only weak evidence that AgDscam diversity rises further upon exposure to mixed genotype parasite infections was found. (biomedcentral.com)
Malaria is a worldwide infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
gambiae sensu stricto S form mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been suggested that variation in a thioester-containing protein called TEP1 (AGAP010815) may alter the ability of Anopheles mosquitoes to transmit Plasmodium parasites, and high divergence between alleles of this gene suggests the possible action of long-term balancing selection. (biomedcentral.com)
The level of susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to 4% DDT, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.1% bendiocarb and 5% malathion were compared between mosquitoes collected from polluted, non polluted and cultivated areas. (biomedcentral.com)
Mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles are the only arthropods capable of transmitting the Plasmodium parasites that cause human malaria, which infects over 200 million people and kills nearly one million people globally each year ( Enayati & Hemingway, 2010 ). (peerj.com)
When taking a blood meal on a person infected with malaria, female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes, the major vector of human malaria, acquire nutrients that will activate egg development (oogenesis) in their ovaries. (inserm.fr)
gambiae mosquitoes, our work prompts for new alternative strategies to be urgently developed for the control of major malaria vectors in Burkina Faso. (cirad.fr)
Because free-insecticide treated net distribution is planned in Benin (West Africa) during the next few years, we investigated the type, frequency and distribution of insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in four localities selected on the basis of contrasting agricultural practices, use of insecticides and environment. (lshtm.ac.uk)
gambiae mosquitoes were identified to species and to M or S molecular forms using PCR techniques. (lshtm.ac.uk)
gambiae mosquitoes collected in urban areas compared to those collected in rice growing areas. (lshtm.ac.uk)
In order to find a blood host and to select appropriate oviposition sites female Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes rely on olfactory cues which are sensed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) located within morphologically different sensilla hairs. (ijbs.com)
Malaria vector mosquitoes belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex were studied in four hamlets in The Gambia. (semanticscholar.org)
Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes exhibit an endophilic, nocturnal blood feeding behavior. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite the importance of light as a regulator of malaria transmission, our knowledge on the molecular interactions between environmental cues, the circadian oscillators and the host seeking and feeding systems of the Anopheles mosquitoes is limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Human malaria parasites are transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes, of which Anopheles gambiae is the most prevalent vector in Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes are efficient vectors for Plasmodium falciparum, although variation exists in their susceptibility to infection. (ru.nl)
METHODOLOGY: We used fingerprint genotyping data from 414 field-collected female mosquitoes at 42 microsatellite loci to infer the evolutionary relationships of four species in the A. gambiae complex, the two major malaria vectors A. gambiae sensu stricto (A. gambiae s.s.) and A. arabiensis, as well as two minor vectors, A. merus and A. melas. (cnrs.fr)
Anopheles mosquitoes, which transmit malaria, have never been found to harbour Wolbachia in nature, and despite numerous transinfection attempts, no stable line has been developed. (omicsdi.org)
Transcriptional profiling has been proposed as a method for predicting mosquito age for Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, however, whether this new method is adequate for natural conditions is unknown. (duhnnae.com)
Differential rhodopsin gene expression within specialized R7 photoreceptor cells divides the retinas of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes into distinct domains. (biologists.com)
To test whether a similar mechanism is operating in immature stages of Anopheles mosquitoes, we analyzed global gene expression in the A. gambiae fourth instar larvae and pupae using high-coverage RNA-seq data. (pirbright.ac.uk)

The Anopheles gambiae complex or Anopheles gambiae sensu lato was recognized as a species complex only in the 1960s. (wikipedia.org)
gambiae sensu lato in selected locations in Tanzania. (rti.org)
Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) consists of several morphologically cryptic species throughout sub-Saharan Africa. (biologists.org)
Here the habitat selection by Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.), the principal African malaria vector, was investigated when presented with a choice of two infusions made from rabbit food pellets, or soil. (diva-portal.org)
Here, insecticide susceptibility was investigated in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato from an area of large scale ITN distribution programme in south-western Chad. (biomedcentral.com)

However, the ability to target genes using RNAi during pre-adult stages is limited in the major human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae . (jove.com)
We identified 18 A. gambiae SRPN genes, all on chromosomes 2 and 3, through searches of genomic DNA and EST databases. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Insecticide Exposure Triggers a Modulated Expression of ABC Transporter Genes in Larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (mdpi.com)
In Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in Sub-Saharan Africa, 18 SRPN genes encoding 23 distinct proteins have been identified. (k-state.edu)
Using deep RNA sequencing of multiple Anopheles gambiae life stages, we have identified 2,949 lncRNAs and more than 300 previously unannotated putative protein-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
We find that across the genus Anopheles , lncRNAs display much lower sequence conservation than protein-coding genes. (biomedcentral.com)
We propose that hemozoin boosts the innate immunity in Anopheles , activating key effector genes involved in mosquito resistance to Plasmodium, and this activation is REL2-mediated. (biomedcentral.com)
Analyses of the immunity genes of Anopheles gambiae , the primary mosquito vector for Plasmodium falciparum in Africa, have, for some time, lagged behind those of the model Drosophila , but this is changing. (biomedcentral.com)
However, although it is clear that phenotypic variation for resistance to malaria is abundant in natural A . gambiae populations [ 15 , 16 ], it has not yet been precisely determined which Anopheles genes explain variation in resistance to Plasmodium (or indeed any parasite or pathogen of Anopheles ). (biomedcentral.com)
To further investigate renal conservation across species we selected four D. melanogaster genes with orthologues highly enriched in the Anopheles tubules, and generated RNAi knockdown flies. (gla.ac.uk)
There are eight lysozyme genes in the Anopheles gambiae genome. (semanticscholar.org)
Transcripts of one of these genes, LYSC-1, increased in Anopheles gambiae cell line 4a3B by 24 h after exposure to heat-killed Micrococcus luteus. (semanticscholar.org)
A thorough understanding of the A. gambiae genome and the genes and protein products integral to successful parasite transmission may inform malaria control strategies, including those capitalizing on natural malaria resistance and those using transgenic approaches. (biomedcentral.com)
It was hoped that the genes involved in animal biting in the sibling species Anopheles quadriannulatus could be exploited by crossing with An. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Availability of the Anopheles gambiae genome sequence will accelerate identification and exploitation of new target genes in this insect vector. (meta.org)
gambiae genes, AGAP009551 and AGAP011615, was measured during aging under laboratory and field conditions in three mosquito strains. (duhnnae.com)

The A. gambiae complex consists of: Anopheles arabiensis Anopheles bwambae Anopheles melas Anopheles merus Anopheles quadriannulatus Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Anopheles coluzzii Anopheles amharicus The individual species of the complex are morphologically difficult to distinguish from each other, although it is possible for larvae and adult females. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we have investigated if ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a major component of the defensome machinery, are involved in defence against the insecticide permethrin, in susceptible larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. (mdpi.com)
The plant species studied were selected on the basis of criteria (Table 1), such as lack of information on activity against Anopheles and Culex larvae, botanical families (Euphorbiaceae, Verbenaceae, and Meliaceae) from which number of larvicidal plant were reported and large distribution in West Africa. (thefreelibrary.com)
Anopheles gambiae larvae were reared at 21oC, 25oC or 29oC, and fed either a standard larval diet or half of it. (bris.ac.uk)
Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae were found in large numbers in the open ground pools at Rayfield, Jos and a few from along the stream edges formed by some pool. (scirj.org)
We investigated the hatchability rates of freshly laid Anopheles gambiae s.s. eggs in presence of third instars larvae. (biomedcentral.com)
Freshly laid eggs of An.gambiae s.s. were washed in microcosms containing larvae of third instars in different three densities (20, 60 and 100) and likewise in control microcosms (without larvae). (biomedcentral.com)

For example, Anopheles quadriannulatus is both a saltwater and mineralwater species. (wikipedia.org)
A. melas and A. merus are saltwater species, while the remainder are freshwater species.Anopheles quadriannulatus generally takes its blood meal from animals (zoophilic), whereas Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto generally feeds on humans, i.e. is considered anthropophilic. (wikipedia.org)
gambiae s.s. has been discovered to be currently in a state of diverging into two different species-the Mopti (M) and Savannah (S) strains-though as of 2007, the two strains are still considered to be a single species. (wikipedia.org)
Fecundity of A. gambiae depends on the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalase. (wikipedia.org)
Pennetier C, Warren B, Dabiré KR, Russell IJ, Gibson G (2009) "Singing on the wing" as a mechanism for species recognition in the malarial mosquito Anopheles gambiae. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular assay were used to determine distribution of Anopheles gambiae sub-species. (rti.org)
Results: Anopheles arabiensis was the dominant malaria specie in the country, accounting for 52% of the sibling species identified, while An. (rti.org)
gambiae s.s. is the dominant species. (rti.org)
The article contains a summary of the published data on the biology of Anopheles gambiae and of the author's studies of certain aspects of the biology of that species. (ajtmh.org)
The main Afrotropical malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, is undergoing a process of sympatric ecological diversification leading to at least two incipient species (the M and S molecular forms) showing heterogeneous levels of divergence across the genome. (diva-portal.org)
Comparative studies on sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Dipt. (cambridge.org)
Females of A. gambiae were identified cytotaxonomically as sibling species A or B of the complex. (cambridge.org)
In houses during 1970, A. gambiae species B was more numerous at first than A, but A became predominant during the long rains of March-May. (cambridge.org)
Similar cycles of species A and B were observed outdoors, although the relative numbers outdoors/indoors averaged 2·3 times more for species B than for species A. In A. funestus, A. gambiae species A and A. gambiae species B Human Blood Indices were 97·5%, 91·2% and 60·9% indoors and 24%, 2% and 7% outdoors, respectively. (cambridge.org)
I. DETAILED STUDY OF A FRONTIER Opportunity for a full study of the advance of a species of anopheles into new territory is not often offered to the investigator, and is a matter of much sanitary importance. (ajtmh.org)
gambiae and may therefore affect pathogen survival within this important vector species. (k-state.edu)
In addition to previously described repeats, a novel highly repetitive element called Zanzibar was discovered and mapped to the males of various Anopheles sibling species. (vt.edu)
The 2La inversion is a widespread polymorphism in the Anopheles gambiae species complex, the major African mosquito vectors of human malaria. (pasteur.fr)
gambiae were the only malaria vectors found, sympatric in all the sites, with the former species predominant. (preprints.org)
Larvicidal properties of some Tanzanian plant species against Anopheles gambiae s.s. (ac.ke)
BACKGROUND: Attempts over the last three decades to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the Anopheles gambiae species complex have been important for developing better strategies to control malaria transmission. (cnrs.fr)
Background Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been successfully used on fresh and RNAlater®-preserved members of the Anopheles gambiae complex to identify sibling species and age. (cdc.gov)
Confirmation of the existence of dosage compensation in Anopheles gambiae lays the foundation for research into the components of dosage compensation machinery in this important vector species. (pirbright.ac.uk)

Anopheles stephensi p38 MAPK signaling regulates innate immunity and bioenergetics during Plasmodium falciparum infection," Parasites and Vectors , vol. 8, article 424, 2015. (hindawi.com)
Here we have established a modified CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing procedure for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, and studied the effect of inactivating the fibrinogen-related protein 1 (FREP1) gene on the mosquito's susceptibility to Plasmodium and on mosquito fitness. (nih.gov)
In this study, we aim to investigate the role of this parasite's by-product as stimulator of Anopheles gambiae immunity to Plasmodium berghei . (biomedcentral.com)
The major yolk protein vitellogenin interferes with the anti-plasmodium response in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. (inserm.fr)
Six gene markers have been used to map the progress of the innate immune response of the mosquito vector, Anopheles gambiae , upon infection by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei . (embopress.org)
The life cycle of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei in the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae begins with the ingestion of sexual stage gametocytes during blood feeding on an infected rodent host. (embopress.org)
The African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the major vector of Plasmodium falciparum parasite in Africa transmitting malarial disease from person to person by its blood feeding almost exclusively from humans. (confex.com)
Females of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the major vector of the life-threatening parasite Plasmodium falciparum , strongly rely on their sense of smell to find appropriate human blood hosts, nectar sources and oviposition sites [ 1 - 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
Microarray analyses included in this site were based on the Affymetrix GeneChip Plasmodium/Anopheles Genome Array. (uci.edu)
The database was updated 12/16/08 with new parameters to link Affymetrix Anopheles/Plasmodium array probeset IDs with associated gene IDs. (uci.edu)
The impact of insecticide resistance and exposure on Plasmodium infection level and prevalence in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. (lstmed.ac.uk)
This project is investigating how genetic insecticide resistance mechanisms and non-genetic responses to insecticide exposure affect Anopheles gambiae susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum. (lstmed.ac.uk)

Larvicidal potential of some plants from west Africa against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and anopheles gambiae giles (Diptera: Culicidae). (thefreelibrary.com)
Ang Anopheles gambiae sakop sa kahenera nga Anopheles sa kabanay nga Culicidae . (wikipedia.org)

Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae from Tanzania: A major concern for malaria vector control. (rti.org)
Multiple Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. (cirad.fr)

The genera Culex, Aedes and Anopheles are the most important vectors involved in diseases transmission to humans. (thefreelibrary.com)
BACKGROUND : The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is characterized as a holoendemic malaria area with the main vectors being Anopheles funestus and members of the Anopheles gambiae complex. (up.ac.za)
The work included in this thesis arose from a long-standing interest in the possible use of genetic control for one of the most important malaria vectors in Africa, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. (lshtm.ac.uk)

The main aim of this work was to investigate the host preferences of the two most behaviourally diverse members of the Anopheles gambiae complex (An. (lshtm.ac.uk)
The impact of these findings on our current understanding of the behaviour of members of the Anopheles gambiae complex is discussed. (lshtm.ac.uk)

Prevalence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles multiple insecticide-resistance mechanisms ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
gambiae (sensu stricto) (s.s.), is associated with adaptation to microclimatic differences in humidity and desiccation resistance and mosquito behaviors. (cdc.gov)
The situation in Burkina Faso is emblematic with Anopheles gambiae populations showing high levels of resistance to most available compounds. (cirad.fr)
Background: Insecticide resistance of the main malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, has been reported in south-western Burkina Faso, West Africa. (cirad.fr)
The GSTs of A. gambiae are of particular interest because of their involvement in DDT resistance [6,7]. (scirp.org)
These docking results support the hypothesis [8] that overexpression of agGSTe2 provides DDT resistance to Anopheles gambiae by readily decomposing DDT to DDE via an E2 elimination mechanism. (scirp.org)
Here, we examined resistance of P. falciparum isolates of African origin (NF54, NF165 and NF166) to TEP1-mediated killing in a susceptible Ngousso and a refractory L3-5 strain of A. gambiae. (ru.nl)
In Anopheles gambiae , predominant heritable insecticide resistance mechanisms cause major conformational protein changes, which would be expected to impact physiological performance, including the ability to withstand parasites, because the insecticide targets are essential components of the nervous system. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Following evidence of associations between the mosquito microbiota and insecticide resistance, the microbiota of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) from Tulukuyi village, Bungoma, Kenya, with differing permethrin resistance profiles were comparatively characterized. (cdc.gov)

In the Sahel, the Anopheles gambiae complex consists of Anopheles arabiensis and the M and S molecular forms of A. gambiae sensu stricto . (biologists.org)
To our knowledge, this study provides the first measurements of metabolic rates of A. gambiae and A. arabiensis in the field. (biologists.org)
The mean metabolic rate of A. arabiensis was higher than that of M-form A. gambiae when accounting for the effects of female gonotrophic status, temperature and flight activity. (biologists.org)
In the Sahel region of Mali, this complex includes Anopheles arabiensis (Patton 1905) and A. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s. (biologists.org)
These comparisons suggest that the A. gambiae M form is more arid adapted than A. arabiensis , which is more arid adapted than the A. gambiae S form. (biologists.org)
s.s. and Anopheles arabiensis being the most abundant and widespread. (biomedcentral.com)

Cloning and molecular characterization of two invertebrate-type lysozymes from Anopheles gambiae. (semanticscholar.org)

We present a genetic map based on microsatellite polymorphisms for the African human malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae . (genetics.org)
The Y chromosome of the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae appears to be involved in sex determination although very little is known about both its structure and function. (unipg.it)

gambiae s.l. populations. (biomedcentral.com)
gambiae populations sampled from 10 sites in Burkina Faso in 2010. (cirad.fr)
gambiae populations from this country. (cirad.fr)
Results: Anopheles gambiae populations were dominated by the M form. (cirad.fr)
gambiae complex while also help identify novel targets to create successful transgenic male populations. (vt.edu)

In depth annotation of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito midgut transcriptome," BMC Genomics , vol. 15, article no. 636, 2014. (hindawi.com)
We propose to develop a comprehensive picture of the Anopheles gambiae transcriptome using high-coverage RNA-seq through two discrete, complementary study aims. (vectorbase.org)
To investigate the physiological adaptations required for successful development to adulthood, we studied the Malpighian tubule transcriptome of Anopheles gambiae using Affymetrix arrays. (gla.ac.uk)

gambiae s.s. based upon conserved sequences to miRNA found in Drosophila. (wikipedia.org)
This analysis of the Anopheles gambiae receptors permits a comparison with the corresponding Drosophila melanogaster odorant receptor repertoire. (nature.com)
However recently, two strains of Wolbachia, wAlbB from Aedes albopictus, and wRi from Drosophila simulans were cultured in Anopheles gambiae Sua5B cells. (omicsdi.org)
Overall design: Two strains of Wolbachia, wRi from Drosophila simulans and wAlbB from Aedes albopictus were transfered into Anopheles gambiae Sua5B cells via the shell vial technique. (omicsdi.org)
To analyze the similarities and differences in this pathway between Drosophila and mosquito, we performed an in-depth analysis of the genomic loci producing piRNAs and their targets in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae . (biomedcentral.com)

The mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. (nature.com)
Some of the advice which is given is unduly elementary, but perhaps this must be viewed in the light of the fact that in his search of the literature the author could find only two published reports of dissections of A. gambiae for malaria parasites in French West Africa. (ajtmh.org)
In this study, we characterized the serpin ( SRPN ) gene family in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae , the major malaria vector in Sub-Saharan Africa. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Approximately 90% of deaths caused by mosquito-borne disease are attributable to malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, where children under the age of five are the primary victims and the mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the major vector. (vectorbase.org)
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We identify six taxonomic units, including a clear separation of West and East Africa A. gambiae s.s. (cnrs.fr)
Biology of Anopheles gambiae : research in French West Africa / M. H. Holstein. (who.int)
This study tests the applicability of transcriptional profiling for age-grading of Anopheles gambiae, the most important malaria vector in Africa. (duhnnae.com)

Identification of olfactory stimulants for Anopheles gambiae from human sweat samples. (nature.com)
Olfactory Coding in Antennal Neurons of the Malaria Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We performed an analysis of the electrophysiological responses of olfactory neurons in the antennae of the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. and investigated the effect of blood feeding on responsiveness. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Daily rhythms in antennal protein and olfactory sensitivity in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae . (vectorbase.org)

This study explored the protein composition of specific Anopheles gambiae mosquito head tissue isolates, with particular relevance to brain function, and the sensory modalities of vision, olfaction and gustation. (vectorbase.org)
The combined injections from Anopheles tissue yielded 8230 peptide identifications at a 1% false discovery rate (FDR) and 8350 at a 5% FDR, and 1,322 non-redundant protein identifications. (vectorbase.org)
The quality and accuracy of the reannotation was assessed by comparison with end sequences from 20,249 full-length cDNA clones, and evaluation of mass spectrometry peptide hit rates from an A. gambiae shotgun proteomic dataset confirms that the reannotated CDSs offer a high quality protein database for proteomics. (biomedcentral.com)

Impact of permethrin-treated bednets on malaria transmission by the Anopheles gambiae complex in The Gambia. (semanticscholar.org)

Update of the Anopheles gambiae PEST genome assembly. (nih.gov)
Tenfold shotgun sequence coverage was obtained from the PEST strain of A. gambiae and assembled into scaffolds that span 278 million base pairs. (jcvi.org)

gambiae s.s. genome has been sequenced three times, once for the M strain, once for the S strain, and once for a hybrid strain. (wikipedia.org)
gambiae Kisumu susceptible reference strain. (cirad.fr)
Ranson, H., Prapanthadara, L. and Hemingway, J. (1997) Cloning and characterization of two glutathione S-transferases from a DDT-resistant strain of Anopheles gambiae. (scirp.org)

The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. (nih.gov)
The current Ensembl gene predictions for the A. gambiae genome sequence are an extremely important resource that has transformed malaria vector biology into a genomic discipline. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we have investigated the A. gambiae immune response to systemic ONNV infection using forward and reverse genetic approaches. (malariaworld.org)
The Anopheles innate immune system in the defense against malaria infection. (semanticscholar.org)

Bacteria of the genus Asaia stably associate with Anopheles stephensi, an Asian malarial mosquito vector. (semanticscholar.org)

Anopheles genomes that are currently in a sequencing pipeline. (vectorbase.org)

and assess the evolutionary conservation of lncRNAs and their secondary structures across the Anopheles genus. (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally, we find that lncRNA secondary structure is highly conserved within the Gambiae complex, but diverges rapidly across the rest of the genus Anopheles . (biomedcentral.com)

Anopheles funestus annotations of the microarray reporter sequences. (up.ac.za)

Site-specific genetic engineering of the Anopheles gambiae Y chromosome. (unipg.it)

Anopheles coluzzii and An. (preprints.org)

A mosquito lipoxin/lipocalin complex mediates innate immune priming in Anopheles gambiae. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Here we functionally characterize the Anopheles gambiae odorant receptor (AgOr) repertoire. (nature.com)

We show that a peroxidase, secreted by the Anopheles gambiae midgut, and dual oxidase form a dityrosine network that decreases gut permeability to immune elicitors. (sciencemag.org)

Champion M.M., Sheppard A.D., Rund S.S.C., Freed S.A., O'Tousa J.E. and Duffield G.E. (2015) Qualitative and quantitative proteomics methods for the analysis of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito proteome. (vectorbase.org)

Dissections of the salivary gland of the Anopheles yielded chromosomes which spread successfully as expected. (scirj.org)

Gene expression patterns associated with blood-feeding in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae ," BMC Genomics , vol. 6, article 5, 2005. (hindawi.com)
gambiae s.s. and show that the gene expression response is modulated across time, being continuous, but stronger at the earliest and latest times after exposure. (mdpi.com)
In addition to providing a comprehensive view of temporal and spatial gene expression during the A. gambiae life cycle, this large-scale comparative transcriptomic analysis has detected important evolutionary features of insect transcriptomes. (unige.ch)
Welcome to the Anopheles gambiae Gene Expression Database at UC Irvine. (uci.edu)
Anopheles gambiae gene expression database with integrated comparative algorithms for identifying conserved DNA motifs in promoter sequences. (uci.edu)
Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in adult Anopheles gambiae . (uci.edu)

It first appeared online via Malaria World at https://malariaworld.org/mwj/2016/research-larval-environment-influences-vector-competence-malaria-mosquito-anopheles-gambiae. (bris.ac.uk)

To achieve a better understanding of the Anopheles heterochromatin, we investigated heterochromatic region of the X chromosome. (vt.edu)

gambiae s.s from Yaokoffikro, which could have serious implications in detoxification of insecticides. (malariaworld.org)

gambiae s.l. females discriminate between potential aquatic habitats for oviposition. (diva-portal.org)
gambiae females and males. (up.ac.za)
gambiae, analysis of transcription levels showed that the glutathione-S-transferase, GSTS1-2, produced the highest fold change in expression (7.6-fold in females and 31-fold in males) followed by GSTE2, thioredoxin peroxidase (TPX2), and cytochrome oxidases (CYP6M2 and CYP6P1). (up.ac.za)

Among other things, the author investigated the potentially very important problem: are there two races of gambiae -zoophilic and anthropophilic? (ajtmh.org)
[6] Anopheles quadriannulatus generally takes its blood meal from animals ( zoophilic ), whereas Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto generally feeds on humans, i.e. is considered anthropophilic . (jakearchibald.com)

Yakob L (2011) Epidemiological consequences of a newly discovered cryptic subgroup of Anopheles gambiae.Biol Lett G.B. White (1974). (wikipedia.org)

Investigations on the role of a lysozyme from the malaria vector Anopheles dirus during malaria parasite development. (semanticscholar.org)

We describe an in vivo model for investigation of detoxification mechanisms of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, important for the development of malaria control programmes. (lstmed.ac.uk)

gambiae on vector control measures against malaria transmission, such as insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), in this area is discussed. (cirad.fr)

gambiae s. s. by hybridisation experiments with the zoophilic An. (lshtm.ac.uk)

Anatomy9

Organisms18

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care13

Geographicals17

MalariaSphere: a greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) ecosystem in western Kenya. (1/829)

Early duplication and functional diversification of the opsin gene family in insects. (2/829)

The genetics of inviability and male sterility in hybrids between Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis. (3/829)

Innate immunity in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae: comparative and functional genomics. (4/829)

A weather-driven model of malaria transmission. (5/829)

Structural and evolutionary analyses of the Ty3/gypsy group of LTR retrotransposons in the genome of Anopheles gambiae. (6/829)

Invertebrate data predict an early emergence of vertebrate fibrillar collagen clades and an anti-incest model. (7/829)

Distribution of ovary ecdysteroidogenic hormone I in the nervous system and gut of mosquitoes. (8/829)

Anopheles gambiae

Anopheles

Insecticide Resistance

Insect Vectors

Insecticides

Mosquito Control

Insect Proteins

Pyrethrins

Malaria

DDT

Entomology

Disease Vectors

Permethrin

Insect Bites and Stings

Larva

Benin

Genes, Insect

Kenya

Mali

Culicidae

Genome, Insect

Plasmodium

Insect Repellents

Plasmodium berghei

Burkina Faso

Cameroon

Host-Parasite Interactions

Phenylcarbamates

Fenitrothion

Plasmodium falciparum

Culex

Feeding Behavior

Africa, Western

Oocysts

Insecticide-Treated Bednets

Population Density

Oviposition

Aedes

Beauveria

Chromosome Inversion

DEET

Receptors, Odorant

Colon, Sigmoid

Africa

Chromosomes, Insect

Seasons

Dieldrin

Equatorial Guinea

Ecosystem

Digestive System

Guinea

Sporozoites

Malaria, Falciparum

Metarhizium

Molecular Sequence Data

Species Specificity

Cote d'Ivoire

Phylogeny

Tanzania

Salivary Proteins and Peptides

Salivary Glands

Mosquito Nets

Pest Control, Biological

Biological Assay

Insemination

Rain

Geography

Bedding and Linens

Propoxur

Nitriles

Allethrin

Acetylcholinesterase

Laundering

Hemolymph

Arthropod Antennae

Population Dynamics

Pupa

Plasmodium cynomolgi

Astemizole

Angola