Anopheles. Medical search

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.

A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester.

A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.

Bites and stings inflicted by insects.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

A medical specialty concerned with the hypersensitivity of the individual to foreign substances and protection from the resultant infection or disorder.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.

A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) commonly found in tropical regions. Species of this genus are vectors for ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS as well as many other diseases of man and domestic and wild animals.

Substances causing insects to turn away from them or reject them as food.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)

Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.

The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These infective cells invade the host and undergo asexual reproduction producing MEROZOITES (or other forms) and ultimately gametocytes.

A protozoan parasite of rodents transmitted by the mosquito Anopheles dureni.

Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically.

A protozoan parasite that causes vivax malaria (MALARIA, VIVAX). This species is found almost everywhere malaria is endemic and is the only one that has a range extending into the temperate regions.

A republic in western Africa, southwest of MAURITANIA and east of MALI. Its capital is Dakar.

The genetic complement of an insect (INSECTS) as represented in its DNA.

Lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester, nylon (polyamides), or other material impregnated with insecticide, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby offering protection against insect bite and insect-borne diseases.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The intergenic DNA segments that are between the ribosomal RNA genes (internal transcribed spacers) and between the tandemly repeated units of rDNA (external transcribed spacers and nontranscribed spacers).

A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.

An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB)

The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) frequently found in tropical and subtropical regions. YELLOW FEVER and DENGUE are two of the diseases that can be transmitted by species of this genus.

An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.

Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM VIVAX. This form of malaria is less severe than MALARIA, FALCIPARUM, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day.

A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.

Functional proteins that do not have unique, stable, folded, three-dimensional native structures or that possess non-ordered regions under physiological conditions. They are characterized by extraordinary structural flexibility and plasticity, which enable them to adopt different conformations in response to different stimuli or different interactions.

The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.

Phenyl esters of carbamic acid or of N-substituted carbamic acids. Structures are similar to PHENYLUREA COMPOUNDS with a carbamate in place of the urea.

Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.

A mitosporic fungal genus. Teleomorphs are found in the family Clavicipitaceae and include Cordyceps bassiana. The species Beauveria bassiana is a common pathogen of ARTHROPODS and is used in PEST CONTROL.

A compound used as a topical insect repellent that may cause irritation to eyes and mucous membranes, but not to the skin.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

A carbamate insecticide.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.

Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

Living facilities for humans.

The continuous sequence of changes undergone by living organisms during the post-embryonic developmental process, such as metamorphosis in insects and amphibians. This includes the developmental stages of apicomplexans such as the malarial parasite, PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM.

Rare congenital lymphoid disorder due to mutations in certain Fas-Fas ligand pathway genes. Known causes include mutations in FAS, TNFSF6, NRAS, CASP8, and CASP10 proteins. Clinical features include LYMPHADENOPATHY; SPLENOMEGALY; and AUTOIMMUNITY.

A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.

The collective name for the islands of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Australia, including NEW CALEDONIA; VANUATU; New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, Admiralty Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, FIJI, etc. Melanesia (from the Greek melas, black + nesos, island) is so called from the black color of the natives who are generally considered to be descended originally from the Negroid Papuans and the Polynesians or Malays. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p748 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p344)

A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.

Extra large CHROMOSOMES, each consisting of many identical copies of a chromosome lying next to each other in parallel.

A mitosporic fungal genus in the family Clavicipitaceae. It has teleomorphs in the family Nectriaceae. Metarhizium anisopliae is used in PESTICIDES.

Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. The large number of different odorant receptors appears to arise from several gene families or subfamilies rather than from DNA rearrangement.

A republic in southern Africa, south of TANZANIA, east of ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE, bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Maputo. It was formerly called Portuguese East Africa.

A protozoan parasite that occurs primarily in subtropical and temperate areas. It is the causal agent of quartan malaria. As the parasite grows it exhibits little ameboid activity.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

Change in the surface ANTIGEN of a microorganism. There are two different types. One is a phenomenon, especially associated with INFLUENZA VIRUSES, where they undergo spontaneous variation both as slow antigenic drift and sudden emergence of new strains (antigenic shift). The second type is when certain PARASITES, especially trypanosomes, PLASMODIUM, and BORRELIA, survive the immune response of the host by changing the surface coat (antigen switching). (From Herbert et al., The Dictionary of Immunology, 4th ed)

Communications using an active or passive satellite to extend the range of radio, television, or other electronic transmission by returning signals to earth from an orbiting satellite.

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)

A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.

A superfamily of nematodes of the order ENOPLIDA. Characteristics include a reduced alimentary tract and the presence of a trophosome. Its organisms can be present in the human intestine through ingestion of unwashed or contaminated raw vegetables.

The blood/lymphlike nutrient fluid of some invertebrates.

An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects.

Free-standing or supported lightweight meshwork fabric made of cotton, silk, polyester or other material, having openings too small to allow entry of mosquitoes or other insects, thereby protecting against INSECT BITES; INSECT STINGS, and insect-borne diseases.

A French overseas department on the northeast coast of South America. Its capital is Cayenne. It was first settled by the French in 1604. Early development was hindered because of the presence of a penal colony. The name of the country and the capital are variants of Guyana, possibly from the native Indian Guarani guai (born) + ana (kin), implying a united and interrelated race of people. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p418 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p195)

Can anything be done to maintain the effectiveness of pyrethroid-impregnated bednets against malaria vectors? (1/1919)

Pyrethroid-treated bednets are the most promising available method of controlling malaria in the tropical world. Every effort should be made to find methods of responding to, or preventing, the emergence of pyrethroid resistance in the Anopheles vectors. Some cases of such resistance are known, notably in An. gambiae in West Africa where the kdr type of resistance has been selected, probably because of the use of pyrethroids on cotton. Because pyrethroids are irritant to mosquitoes, laboratory studies on the impact of, and selection for, resistance need to be conducted with free-flying mosquitoes in conditions that are as realistic as possible. Such studies are beginning to suggest that, although there is cross-resistance to all pyrethroids, some treatments are less likely to select for resistance than others are. Organophosphate, carbamate and phenyl pyrazole insecticides have been tested as alternative treatments for nets or curtains. Attempts have been made to mix an insect growth regulator and a pyrethroid on netting to sterilize pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes that are not killed after contact with the netting. There seems to be no easy solution to the problem of pyrethroid resistance management, but further research is urgently needed. (+info)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (2/1919)

A new insect member of the STAT family of transcription factors (Ag-STAT) has been cloned from the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. The domain involved in DNA interaction and the SH2 domain are well conserved. Ag-STAT is most similar to Drosophila D-STAT and to vertebrate STATs 5 and 6, constituting a proposed ancient class A of the STAT family. The mRNA is expressed at all developmental stages, and the protein is present in hemocytes, pericardial cells, midgut, skeletal muscle and fat body cells. There is no evidence of transcriptional activation following bacterial challenge. However, bacterial challenge results in nuclear translocation of Ag-STAT protein in fat body cells and induction of DNA-binding activity that recognizes a STAT target site. In vitro treatment with pervanadate (vanadate and H2O2) translocates Ag-STAT to the nucleus in midgut epithelial cells. This is the first evidence of direct participation of the STAT pathway in immune responses in insects. (+info)

Purification and cloning of the salivary peroxidase/catechol oxidase of the mosquito Anopheles albimanus. (3/1919)

Salivary homogenates of the adult female mosquito Anopheles albimanus have been shown previously to contain a vasodilatory activity associated with a catechol oxidase/peroxidase activity. We have now purified the salivary peroxidase using high-performance liquid chromatography. The pure enzyme is able to relax rabbit aortic rings pre-constricted with norepinephrine. The peroxidase has a relative molecular mass of 66 907 as estimated by mass spectrometry. Amino-terminal sequencing allowed us to design oligonucleotide probes for isolation of cDNA clones derived from the salivary gland mRNA from female mosquitoes. The full sequence of the cDNA demonstrated homology between A. albimanus salivary peroxidase and several members of the myeloperoxidase gene family. A close comparison of A. albimanus salivary peroxidase with canine myeloperoxidase, for which the crystal structure is known, showed that all six disulfide bridges were conserved and demonstrated identity for all five residues associated with a Ca2+-binding site. In addition, 16 of 26 residues shown to be in close proximity to the heme moiety in the canine myeloperoxidase were identical. We conclude that the salivary peroxidase of A. albimanus belongs to the myeloperoxidase gene family. Other possible functions for this molecule in blood feeding are discussed. (+info)

Can vector control play a useful supplementary role against bancroftian filariasis? (4/1919)

A single campaign of mass treatment for bancroftian filariasis with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in Makunduchi, a town in Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania, combined with elimination of mosquito breeding in pit latrines with polystyrene beads was followed by a progressive decline over a 5-year period in the microfilarial rate from 49% to 3%. Evidence that vector control had contributed to this long-term decline was obtained by comparison with another town, Moga, where a DEC campaign was used without vector control and where resurgence of microfilariae could be observed 3-6 years after the campaign. In Zanzibar town, treatment of 3844 wet pit latrines and cesspits with polystyrene beads reduced the adult mosquito population in houses by about 65%. Supplementary treatment of open drains and marshes with Bacillus sphaericus produced little or no additional reduction compared to a sector of the town where only pit treatment with polystyrene was carried out. The cost and effort of achieving the 65% reduction in mosquito population could hardly be justified for its impact on filariasis alone, but its noticeable impact on biting nuisance might help to gain community support for an integrated programme. (+info)

Bancroftian filariasis in an irrigation project community in southern Ghana. (5/1919)

An epidemiological study to document the endemicity and transmission characteristics of bancroftian filariasis was conducted in an irrigation project community in southern Ghana. In a 50% random sample of the population, the prevalence of microfilaraemia was 26.4% and the geometric mean microfilarial intensity among positives was 819 microfilariae/ml of blood. Hydrocoele was found in 13.8% of the males aged > or =18 years, and 1.4% of the residents examined, all females, had tymphoedema/elephantiasis. Detailed monitoring of the microfilarial intensity in 8 individuals over a 24-h period confirmed its nocturnal periodicity with a peak at approximately 0100 hours. The most important vector was Anopheles gambiae s.l., followed by An. funestus. The abundance of these mosquitoes and their relative importance as vectors varied considerably between the wet and the dry season. Opening of the irrigation canals late in the dry season resulted in a remarkable increase in the population of An. gambiae (8.3% of which carried infective filarial larvae) to levels comparable to those seen during the wet season, suggesting that the irrigation project is responsible for increased transmission of lymphatic filariasis in the community. (+info)

Host haematological factors influencing the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes to Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes. (6/1919)

We investigated the relationship between selected host haematological and parasitological parameters and the density and infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. 143 individuals (age range 1-62 years) attending an outpatient clinic in Farafenni, The Gambia, who had peripheral blood gametocytaemia were recruited (mean gametocyte density 123.7/microl, range 5-17,000/microl). Of the parameters measured, packed cell volume (PCV), reticulocyte count (RetC) and lymphocyte count (LyC) were significantly associated with gametocyte density (r = - 0.17, P < 0.05; r = 0.21, P < 0.01; r = 0.18, P < 0.05, respectively). Data from membrane feeding experiments in which 15 or more mosquitoes were dissected showed that 60.7% (53/87) of gametocyte carriers infected one or more mosquitoes. Gametocyte density was strongly correlated with transmission success (TS) (r = 0.3, P < 0.005) and, in successful infections, with both mosquito prevalence (MP) (r = 0.36, P < 0.005) and mean oocyst burden (MOB) (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001). None of the other factors measured were significantly associated with any of these indices in bivariate analysis. Regression modelling showed that both gametocyte density and PCV were positively associated with gametocyte carrier infectivity to mosquitoes (LRchi2 = 100.7 and 47.2, respectively) and, in successful infections, with MOB (beta = 0.16, t = 4.9, P < 0.001; beta = 0.02, t = 2.3, P < 0.05, respectively). The positive association with PCV suggests that blood meal quality influences infection probably as a nutritional requirement, however, as this effect was most apparent at high gametocyte densities, its epidemiological significance is questionable. Though the haematological parameters associated with gametocyte density are a direct consequence of asexual infection, they may also represent an adaptive mechanism for optimization of sexual stage development. (+info)

Control of malaria vectors: cost analysis in a province of northern Vietnam. (7/1919)

The cost of permethrin-treated bednets (50% EC; 0.2 g/m2, 2 rounds per year) was compared to the cost of residual spraying with lambdacyhalothrin 10% WP (0.03 g/m2, once yearly) in Hoa Binh, a mountainous province in northern Vietnam. Calculations of the amounts of insecticides needed were based on national guidelines, on data from a cross-sectional survey and on district activity reports. The actual cost of insecticide required per person per year was lower for impregnation (US$ 0.26) than for spraying (US$ 0.36), but the difference was smaller than expected. The total cost for impregnated bednets per person per year amounted to US$ 0.90 compared to USS 0.47 for spraying. The determining factor was the cost of the net, amounting to US$ 0.58 per person per year, assuming a 5-year life of the net. Other material (excluding nets), labour and transport combined, accounted for only 17% of the impregnation cost and 23% of spraying expenses. However, for the National Malaria Control Programme of Vietnam, the cost per person per year for impregnated bednets amounted to US$ 0.32 only, because the vast majority of nets are bought by the population. For spraying, the programme had to bear the entire cost. (+info)

A hemocyte-like cell line established from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae expresses six prophenoloxidase genes. (8/1919)

Cell lines from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae have been established as a tool for the study of the mosquito innate immune system in vitro. Here, we describe the first continuous insect cell line that produces prophenoloxidase (PPO). This cell line (4a-3B) expresses constitutively six PPO genes, three of which are novel (PPO4, PPO5, and PPO6). The PPO genes show distinct temporal expression profiles in the intact mosquito, spanning stages from the embryo to the adult in an overlapping manner. Transient induction of larva-specific PPO genes in blood-fed adult females suggests that the developmental hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone may be involved in PPO gene regulation. Indeed, exposure of 4a-3B cells to 20-hydroxyecdysone in culture results in induction of those PPO genes that are mainly expressed in early developmental stages, and repression of PPO5, which is preferentially expressed at the adult stage. The cell line shows bacteria-induced immune transcripts that encode defensin and Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein, but no induction of PPO transcripts. This cell line most likely derives from a hemocyte lineage, and represents an appropriate in vitro model for the study of the humoral and cellular immune defenses of A. gambiae. (+info)

FHV has been shown to infect medically important genera of insects: mosquitos, e.g. Anopheles gambiae; the tsetse fly; and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flock_House_virus

"Anopheles Male Vs. Female". animals.mom.me. Retrieved 17 April 2016. Singer, Michael S.; Bernays, Elizabeth A. (2003). " ... such as those of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex) also eat blood to reproduce effectively. Although cases exist of herbivores eating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnivore

According to CDC, such methods are not practical in Africa because "Anopheles gambiae, one of the primary vectors of malaria in ... Hargreaves K, Hunt RH, Brooke BD, Mthembu J, Weeto MM, Awolola TS, Coetzee M (December 2003). "Anopheles arabiensis and An. ... Killeen GF, Fillinger U, Kiche I, Gouagna LC, Knols BG (October 2002). "Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: lessons ... However, pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes is on the rise with resistant mosquitoes found in multiple countries. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT

Anopheles gambiae Strain: PEST, mosquito (vector of malaria) (2002[120]). *Anopheles gambiae Strain: M, mosquito (vector of ... Anopheles gambiae Strain: S, mosquito (vector of malaria) (2010)[121]). *Anopheles sinensis, mosquito (vector of vivax malaria ... Highly evolvable malaria vectors: the genomes of 16 Anopheles mosquitoes". Science. 347 (6217): 1258522. doi:10.1126/science. ... October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-49. Bibcode:2002Sci... ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sequenced_animal_genomes

Anopheles mosquito Rhinosporidiosis Rhinosporidium seeberi nose, nasopharynx biopsy India and Sri Lanka nasal mucosa came into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_parasites_of_humans

2003). "Anopheles arabiensis and An. quadriannulatus resistance to DDT in South Africa". Med. Vet. Entomol. 17 (4): 417-22. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_residual_spraying

Species of genera Aedes, Anopheles and Psorophora transmit equine encephalitis viruses to horses. Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles ... 1: Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Mansonia and Psorophora. Journal of Medical Entomology, 8: 687-695. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/ ... Typical genera are Culex, Aedes, and Anopheles The basic structure of dipteran flies is illustrated in the diagram. Veterinary ... ISBN 0-8138-2053-7. Anopheles gambiae female mosquito feeding. Stomxys calcitrans adult stable-fly. Tabanus bovinus adult ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_flies_of_domestic_animals

He described several species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles and took an interest in the ticks. His collection of ... Insekten-Börse 18:36-38 (1901) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Anopheles. Z. Hyg. Infektkr. 41 15-88, 2 pls. (1902) English ... Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Anopheles. II. Mittheilung. Z. hyg. Infektkr. 43:215-238, illus. (1903) Sakai, Tatsuo (2010). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Karl_Wilhelm_Dönitz

The larva of Anopheles turkhudi. Indian J. Med. Res., 17:1189-1192, 1930 Filariasis in North Travancore. Indian J. Med. Res., ... Iyengar, M. O. T.; Rook, H. De; Dijk, W. J. O. M. Van (1959). "Interruption of transmission of Anopheles-borne filariasis by ... Iyengar, M. O. P.; Iyengar, M. O. T. (1932). "On a Characium Growing on Anopheles Larvae". The New Phytologist. 31 (1): 66-69. ... Naturalistic control of the breeding of Anopheles sundaicus by means of Eichomia cover. J. Malar. Inst. India, 6:309-310,1946. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.O.T._Iyengar

Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. IJMR 74,1981,18-22. P.K.RAJAGOPALAN. Vector control operations in rural areas and ... Breeding habitats of Anopheles culiclfacles in Rameswaram Island. IJMR 84,1986,44-52. P.JAMBULINGAM, S.SABESAN, K. ... Das.P.K. and Rajagopaian.P.K. Laboratory studies on the biology of Anopheles culicifacies (Giles). Indian J, MEd, Res. 70 : 424 ... Laboratory studies on the biology of Anopheles sub-pjclUSGrassi 1899. IJMR 80,1984,57-59. K.N.PANICKER AND P.K.RAJAGOPALAN. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._K._Rajagopalan

". "AGAP007948-PA, partial [Anopheles gambiae STR. PEST] - Protein - NCBI". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDR75

El Anopheles albitarsis F Lch. A., La semana médica, XXIII, nº 1151, 1915. 95. La avispa contra la mosca (Prospalangia ... Contribución para el conocimiento de los Anopheles Argentinos, C. N. M. (3º) 7, págs. 666-667, 1928. 249. Hyménoptères Sud- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Brèthes

... the female Anopheles mosquito carries malaria. The threats to the wildlife of Mali are on account of deforestation (in 1997, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Mali

"Anopheles gambiae (ID 46) - Genome - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-30. "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/ ... "Index of /genomes/refseq/invertebrate/Anopheles_gambiae/latest_assembly_versions/GCF_000005575.2_AgamP3". ftp.ncbi.nih.gov. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_density

Kligler, I.J.; Mer, G. (1937). "Studies on the effect of various factors on the infection rate of Anopheles elutus with ... Seasonal variations in the food preference of Anopheles elutus". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. Oxford University Press. 26 (3 ... doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(32)90211-9. Kligler, I.J.; Mer, G. (1936). "Anopheles in Syria and their distribution". Rivista di ... Long-range dispersion of Anopheles during the prehibernating period". Rivista di Malariologia. 9 (4): 363-374. Kligler, I.J.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon_Mer

Kligler, I.J.; Mer, G. (1937). "Studies on the effect of various factors on the infection rate of Anopheles elutus with ... Seasonal variations in the food preference of Anopheles elutus". Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 26 (3): 283-287. doi:10.1016/ ... He studied the prevalence of various Anopheles species, their biology and nesting grounds, tested different methods of ... Long-range dispersion of Anopheles during the prehibernating period". Rivista di Malariologia. 9 (4): 363-374. Kligler, I.J.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Jacob_Kligler

... is a subgenus of the mosquito genus Anopheles. The type species is Anopheles nimbus. There are five species in this ... Of the seven extant subgenera of Anopheles, Stethomyia appears to be the earliest diverging clade. This branching order is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stethomyia

Anopheles, Aedes, Culex larvae Antinociception, antihyperalgesic. S. acmella. Flowers. CWE. Formalin test of nociception and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acmella_oleracea

ISBN 978-88-900622-7-8. Turner, T.L. (2005). "Genomic Islands of Speciation in Anopheles gambiae". PLOS Biology. 3 (9): e285. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestication_islands

"Malaria and the Anopheles mosquitoes of Tajikistan. Journal of Vector Ecology, 37 (2), 419-427. Lavigne, R. and McAlister, E. ... "Systematics of Anopheles barbirostris van der Wulp and a sibling species of the Barbirostris Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in ... "Malaria and the Anopheles mosquitoes of Tajikistan". Journal of Vector Ecology. 37 (2): 419-427. doi:10.1111/j.1948-7134.2012. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erica_McAlister

Smaller juvenile spiders have adopted an Anopheles-specific prey-capture behavior, using the posture of Anopheles mosquitoes as ... the Anopheles was consumed by both adults and juveniles. Juveniles would choose the Anopheles over all other prey regardless of ... Anopheles has a distinctive resting posture with its abdomen angled up. In this case, the spider takes a detour and approaches ... E. culicivora has been observed to time its predation to the early morning hours since this is when Anopheles mosquitoes are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evarcha_culicivora

Mackerras, M. J., & Lemerle, T. H. (1949). Laboratory Breeding of Anopheles Punctulatus Punctulatus, Dönitz. Bulletin of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabel_Josephine_Mackerras

I. Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Mansonia and Psorophora". Journal of Medical Entomology. 8 (6): 687-695. doi:10.1093/ ... These include Aedes sollicitans (eastern salt marsh mosquito), Anopheles bradleyi, and A. atropos. According to observational ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedes_taeniorhynchus

It was isolated from the midgut of the malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis from Kenya. This new bacterium was given its name ... Thorsellia has besides in Anopheles also been found to dominate the gut flora in the mosquito species Culex tarsalis, which is ... However, T. anophelis has also been found in the reproductive tissues of male and female Anopheles gambiae and An. coluzzii ... nov., isolated from the larvae of Anopheles arabiensis as members of the family Thorselliaceae fam. nov". Int J Syst Evol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorselliaceae

isolated from larvae of Anopheles darlingi". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 66 (12): 5211- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maureen_Coetzee

Pittendrigh, Colin (March 1948). "The Bromeliad-Anopheles-Malaria Complex in Trinidad. I-The Bromeliad Flora". Evolution. 2 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Pittendrigh

Females of the mosquito genus Anopheles prefer to feed at night. They usually start searching for a meal at dusk, and continue ... With the sequencing of P. falciparum, one of its vectors Anopheles gambiae, and the human genome, the genetics of all three ... Killeen G, Fillinger U, Kiche I, Gouagna L, Knols B (2002). "Eradication of Anopheles gambiae from Brazil: Lessons for malaria ... The disease is most commonly spread by an infected female Anopheles mosquito. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria

He also participated in the sequencing of the genome of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae completed in 2002. He was Assistant ... Dimopoulos, G.; Müller, H. M.; Kafatos, F. C. (1999). "How does Anopheles gambiae kill malaria parasites?". Parassitologia. 41 ... 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129-149. Bibcode:2002Sci...298.. ... "Low-resolution genome map of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotis_Kafatos

The size of the gene family for Anopheles albimanus is one and there is only one isoform. Table 1. Identified orthologs of Homo ... The most distantly related homolog of TMEM169 is Anopheles albimanus. The gene is located on human chromosome 2(2q35) and spans ... "transmembrane protein 169-like [Anopheles albimanus] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-10-22. "TimeTree ... The most distantly related organism with TMEM169 ortholog is Anopheles albimanus, within the taxonomic group Arthropoda. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEM169

Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. For more information about this message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=23&SID=9

Taxonomy of Anopheles Tropical disease "Anopheles - Define Anopheles at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Meigen, J. W. (1818). ... The Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus clades diverged between 80 million years ago and 36 million years ago. A molecular ... Two main groupings within the genus Anopheles are used: one formed by the Celia and Anopheles subgenera and a second by ... Malaria Atlas Project Anopheles gambiae taxonomy, facts and life cycle Anopheles quadrimaculatus, common malaria mosquito on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles

Anopheles Eradication in Cyprus. Br Med J 1949; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.4619.176-a (Published 16 July 1949) Cite ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/2/4619/176.2

Anopheles gambiae és una de les més conegudes a causa del seu paper important en la transmissió del Plasmodium falciparum. ... Anopheles és un gènere de dípters nematòcers de la família Cuculidae. Nhi ha aproximadament 400 espècies, de les quals 30-40 ... Com tots els mosquits, els Anopheles travessen quatre fases: ou, larva, pupa i adult. Les primeres 3 etapes transcorren en medi ... Mapa del món mostrant la distribució de diversos mosquits Anopheles. *Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. - Enllaços a catàleg en ...

https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles

Anopheles (Celia) varuna is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles. It is found in India, Sri ... Confirmation of Anopheles varuna in Vietnam, previously misidentified and mistargeted as the malaria vector Anopheles minimus ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) "Food of larval Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles varuna in a stream habitat in Sri ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Physico-chemical characteristics of Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles varuna ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles_varuna

Definition of Anopheles aztecus. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and definitions ...

https://www.drugs.com/dict/anopheles-aztecus.html

Now the entire repertoire of odorant receptor proteins in the Anopheles gambiae mosquito, the major malaria vector in sub- ... Our analysis of the Anopheles gambiae repertoire identifies receptors that may be useful targets for controlling the ... Here we functionally characterize the Anopheles gambiae odorant receptor (AgOr) repertoire. We identify receptors that respond ... This analysis of the Anopheles gambiae receptors permits a comparison with the corresponding Drosophila melanogaster odorant ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08834?error=cookies_not_supported&code=64653e9a-51bb-49e6-977f-a9406f3303db

Your basket is currently empty. i ,p>When browsing through different UniProt proteins, you can use the basket to save them, so that you can back to find or analyse them later.,p>,a href=/help/basket target=_top>More...,/a>,/p> ...

https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/43151

... the Anopheles genus is likely the deadliest. This is because Anopheles carry and spread malaria. ... Among the 3,000 mosquito species, the Anopheles genus is likely the deadliest. This is because Anopheles carry and spread ... All about Moustique Anopheles. FACTS: There are some 3,000 mosquito species living all over the world. Perhaps the deadliest of ... Like all mosquitoes, Anopheles are attracted to your body heat and the carbon dioxide you exhale, which they can detect 75 feet ...

https://www.giantmicrobes.com/fr/products/anopheles-mosquito.html

... the Anopheles genus is likely the deadliest. This is because it spreads malaria.,br,,br,,a href=https://www.malarianomore.org ... All about Anopheles Mosquito. FACTS: There are some 3,000 mosquito species living all over the world. Perhaps the deadliest of ... Like all mosquitoes, Anopheles are attracted to your body heat and the carbon dioxide you exhale, which they can detect 75 feet ... Like all mosquitoes, Anopheles are attracted to your body heat and the carbon dioxide you exhale, which they can detect 75 feet ...

https://www.giantmicrobes.com/us/products/anopheles-mosquito.html

Characterization of swarming and mating behaviour between Anopheles coluzzii and Anopheles melas in a sympatry area of Benin ... Evidence for late Pleistocene population expansion of the malarial mosquitoes, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles gambiae in ... Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Aram D. Stump, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Neil F. Lobo, ... Centromere-proximal differentiation and speciation in Anopheles gambiae. Aram D. Stump, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Neil F. Lobo, ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/102/44/15930/tab-article-info

Anopheles darlingi, whole genome shotgun sequencing project Anopheles darlingi, whole genome shotgun sequencing project. gi, ... Anopheles darlingi, whole genome shotgun sequencing project. GenBank: ADMH00000000.2. * This entry is the master record for a ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ADMH00000000

... Softberry Team softberry at softberry.com Tue Nov 5 16:33:34 EST 2002 *Previous ... Anopheles gambiae Gene finding parameters for FGENESH the program with parameters for major model organisms is available for on ... Fgenesh output: fgenesh Tue Nov 5 16:23:15 EST 2002 FGENESH 1.1 Prediction of potential genes in Anopheles_gambiae genomic DNA ... A new parameter set for gene prediction Anopheles gambiae is developed for FGENESH program. Accuracy of prediction of ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/genstruc/2002-November/000364.html

Retrieved from "https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anopheles_concolor&oldid=7680882" ... Genus: Anopheles. Subgenus: A. (Anopheles). Species: Anopheles concolor Name[edit]. Anopheles concolor Edwards, 1938 ...

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anopheles_concolor

Genus: Anopheles. Subgenus: A. (Anopheles). Species: Anopheles albotaeniatus Name[edit]. Anopheles albotaeniatus (Theobald, ... Retrieved from "https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anopheles_albotaeniatus&oldid=7680797" ...

https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Anopheles_albotaeniatus

Anopheles minimus. Anopheles moucheti. Anopheles nili. Anopheles ovengensis. Anopheles pampanae. Anopheles peytoni. Anopheles ... Anopheles beklemishevi. Anopheles coustani. Anopheles crypticus. Anopheles farauti. Anopheles forattinii. Anopheles funestus. ... Anopheles gambiae. Anopheles grabhamii. Anopheles hailarensis. Anopheles halophylus. Anopheles hyrcanus. Anopheles kosiensis. ... Anopheles (nyamuk malaria) merupakan salah satu genus nyamuk. Terdapat 400 spesies nyamuk Anopheles, namun hanya 30-40 ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles

Kasap, H., Kasap, M., Alptekin, D., Lüleyap, U. & Herath, P. R. (‎2000)‎. Insecticide resistance in Anopheles sacharovi Favre ...

http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/268142

Anopheles farautiImported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using automatic procedures.,/p> ,p>,a ... tr,A0A182QD30,A0A182QD30_9DIPT Arrestin_C domain-containing protein OS=Anopheles farauti OX=69004 PE=4 SV=1 ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A182QD30

Learn how to pronounce anopheles in English with native pronunciation. anopheles translation and audio pronunciation ... anopheles pronunciation Pronunciation by carsonpowers (Male from United States) 0 votes Good Bad ... Can you pronounce it better? Or with a different accent? Pronounce anopheles in English ...

https://forvo.com/word/anopheles/

... on WN Network delivers the latest Videos and Editable pages for News & Events, including Entertainment, Music, Sports ... Anopheles. Anopheles /əˈnɒfᵻliːz/ (Greek anofelís: "useless") is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen ... Anopheles. Anopheles /əˈnɒfᵻliːz/ (Greek anofelís: "useless") is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen ... Latest News for: anopheles. Edit A new malaria vector in Africa: Predicting the expansion range of Anopheles stephensi and ...

https://wn.com/Anopheles

Systems genetic analysis of inversion polymorphisms in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Changde Cheng, John C. Tan, ... Here we take a systems genetics approach, analyzing two inversion systems implicated in climatic adaption by Anopheles gambiae ... Inversion polymorphisms in the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae segregate along climatic gradients of aridity. Despite ... Systems genetic analysis of inversion polymorphisms in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/115/30/E7005.short?rss=1

T. V. Pascini, J. M. Ramalho-Ortigäo, and G. F. Martins "The Fine Structure of the Spermatheca in Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera ... The Fine Structure of the Spermatheca in Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae). T. V. Pascini, J. M. Ramalho-Ortigäo, G. F. ... Anopheles lindesayi japonicus Yamada (Diptera Culicidae) in Korea ... Susceptibility of Adult Mosquitoes to Insecticides in ... T. V. Pascini, J. M. Ramalho-Ortigäo, G. F. Martins "The Fine Structure of the Spermatheca in Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: ...

https://bioone.org/journals/annals-of-the-entomological-society-of-america/volume-106/issue-6/AN13079/The-Fine-Structure-of-the-Spermatheca-in-Anopheles-aquasalis-Diptera/10.1603/AN13079.short

Genetic structure and gene flow of Anopheles minimus and Anopheles... Trophic behavior and biting activity of the two sibling ... Pradya Somboon, Damrongpan Thongwat, Wej Choochote, Catherine Walton, and Masahiro Takagi "CROSSING EXPERIMENTS OF ANOPHELES ... In the Anopheles minimus complex, 2 sibling species (A and C) are generally accepted. Recently, a 3rd species, provisionally ... Diversity of Anopheles Species and Trophic Behavior of Putative Malaria... Evidence of the Specific Status ofAnopheles ...

https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-the-american-mosquito-control-association/volume-21/issue-1/8756-971X

Digital droplet PCR and IDAA for the detection of CRISPR indel edits in the malaria species Anopheles stephensi ... I am currently working on a next-generation gene drive for the African malaria vector Anopheles gambie that shows low frequency ... Digital droplet PCR and IDAA for the detection of CRISPR indel edits in the malaria species Anopheles stephensi?. Mosquito- ... Rebeca Carballar-Lejarazú on digital droplet PCR and IDAA for the detection of CRISPR indel edits in Anopheles stephensi. 29 ...

https://www.biotechniques.com/crispr/a-peek-behind-the-paper-rebeca-carballar-lejarazu-on-digital-droplet-pcr-and-idaa-for-the-detection-of-crispr-indel-edits-in-anopheles-stephensi/

Results: Anopheles arabiensis was the dominant malaria specie in the country, accounting for 52% of the sibling species ... Molecular assay were used to determine distribution of Anopheles gambiae sub-species. A microplate assay approach was used for ... Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae from Tanzania. A major concern for malaria vector control ... Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae from Tanzania: A major concern for malaria vector control. Malaria Journal ...

https://www.rti.org/publication/multiple-insecticide-resistance-anopheles-gambiae-tanzania

Despite their importance as malaria vectors, little is known of the bionomic of Anopheles nili and Anopheles moucheti. Larval ... Read more about Distribution and larval habitat characterization of Anopheles moucheti, Anopheles nili, and other malaria ... Distribution and larval habitat characterization of Anopheles moucheti, Anopheles nili, and other malaria vectors in river ... Molecular organization of heterochromatin in malaria mosquitoes of the Anopheles maculipennis subgroup. October 31, 2009 - 10: ...

https://malariaworld.org/category/medical-condition/medical-condition-57?page=8

But a new study suggests that Anopheles species, including some found in the United States, also are capable of carrying and ... Mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles are well known as primary vectors of malaria. ... Mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles are well known as primary vectors of malaria. But a new study suggests that Anopheles species ... The four Anopheles species were selected to cover different geographical regions: North America (An. freeborni and An. ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-11/ps-amc110818.php

Characterizing the insecticide resistance of Anopheles gambiae in Mali. Malar J. 2015;14:327.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle ... Anopheles Malaria vector Insecticide resistance Adaptive introgression kdr P450 Carboxylesterase Abbreviations. WHO. World ... Characterization of inhibitors and substrates of Anopheles gambiae CYP6Z2. Insect Mol Biol. 2008;17:125-35.CrossRefPubMedGoogle ... coluzzii: the primary mosquito vectors of malaria in Mali [2, 3, 4]. Anopheles coluzzii has been increasing in relative ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-2817-5

In the Czech Republic, we found Anopheles maculipennis (with a prevalence rate of 1.4%), Anopheles messeae (49.0%) and ... Anophelinae Maculipennis complex Anopheles daciae Mosquitoes Cryptic species Vector-borne diseases This is a preview of ... Blazquez J, de Zulueta J (1980) The disappearance of Anopheles labranchiae from Spain. Parassitologia 22:161-163PubMedGoogle ... Halgoš J, Benková I (2004) First record of Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera:Culicidae) from Slovakia. Biologia 59:68Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00436-017-5670-0

The culicine and Anopheles clades of mosquitoes diverged between 120 million years ago and 150 million years ago. (wikipedia.org)
Like all mosquitoes, Anopheles are attracted to your body heat and the carbon dioxide you exhale, which they can detect 75 feet away - so you might try holding your breath. (giantmicrobes.com)
Anopheles mosquitoes are most active just before dawn and at dusk. (giantmicrobes.com)
Percentage of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes from the total collected mosquito samples per each study site. (cdc.gov)
Types of breeding sites from which larvae of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were collected. (cdc.gov)
Anopheles mosquitoes kill about 440,000 people each year because of malaria. (wn.com)
Mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles are well known as primary vectors of malaria. (eurekalert.org)
In addition, the researchers noted, Anopheles mosquitoes tend to take multiple blood meals between egg-laying events, and this bite frequency increases their capacity to transmit viruses. (eurekalert.org)
Despite the fact that Anopheles mosquitoes are widely dispersed worldwide, they currently are neglected as potential vectors of arboviruses," Rasgon said. (eurekalert.org)
We report the distribution of mosquitoes of the maculipennis complex in two distinct areas of the Czech Republic (Bohemia and South Moravia) and in one locality of neighbouring Slovakia with emphasis on the detection of the newly described cryptic species Anopheles daciae (Linton, Nicolescu & Harbach, 2004). (springer.com)
Bates M (1940) The nomenclature and taxonomic status of the mosquitoes of the Anopheles maculipennis complex. (springer.com)
Danabalan R, Monaghan MT, Ponsonby DJ, Linton YM (2013) Occurrence and host preferences of Anopheles maculipennis group mosquitoes in England and Wales. (springer.com)
The objective was to determine IG2 efficacy under controlled household-like conditions for personal protection and control of wild, pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus mosquitoes. (malariaworld.org)
Metabolomic and ecdysteroid variations in Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes exposed to the stressful conditions of the dry season in Burkina Faso, West Africa," Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 486-497, 2014. (hindawi.com)
The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tools for Anopheles mosquitoes provide new and promising opportunities for the study of agonist function and for developing malaria control strategies through gene deletion to achieve complete agonist inactivation. (nih.gov)
Exposure of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection enhances the ability of their immune system to respond to subsequent infections. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes are primarily seen in eastern North America. (ufl.edu)
not determine which sibling species of the complex are present in those provinces, Mosquitoes of the Anopheles maculipennis and since then no further studies have been complex have been incriminated as some of carried out to determine current distribu- the main malaria vectors in Europe and the tion. (who.int)
Salivary gland homogenates from adult female Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes relaxed aortic rings preconstricted with noradrenaline (NA). (biologists.org)
It is suggested that adult female Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes contain a salivary heme peroxidase that functions during blood finding and blood feeding by destroying hemostatically active biogenic amines released by the vertebrate host during tissue destruction. (biologists.org)
Collections of Anopheles gambiae Giles complex, A. funestus Giles group and other mosquitoes were made by spray-catch from twelve catching stations indoors and by hand-catch from pit shelters at two catching stations at Segera, Tanzania, between January 1970 and June 1971. (cambridge.org)
Here, we report a compilation of the transgenesis tools that we have designed for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae , including new docking strains, convenient transgenesis plasmids, a puromycin resistance selection marker, mosquitoes expressing cre recombinase, and various reporter lines defining the activity of cloned promoters. (g3journal.org)
To investigate the genetic basis of olfactory modulation in mosquitoes, we assayed changes in CO 2 detection from receptor gene expression through physiological function to behaviour, associated with the onset of host seeking in the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae . (biologists.org)
Whilst physical and chemical cues used by Culex and Aedes vector mosquitoes for selecting an oviposition site have been extensively studied, those for Anopheles remain poorly explored. (diva-portal.org)
Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes were collected from four sites across Benin and identified to species/molecular form. (biomedcentral.com)
The development of insecticide resistance in anopheles mosquitoes is a major threat for malaria vector control. (biomedcentral.com)
Human Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles . (biomedcentral.com)
Recent advancements in DNA sequencing technology make the prospects of wholegenome sequencing-based population genomic studies likely for Anopheles mosquitoes in the near future, but this so-called ʻnext-generation sequencing' (NGS) is complicated by relatively high sequencing error rates and subsequent uncertainty in genotype inference. (cornell.edu)
In several contexts, the estimation of the fitness of Anopheles mosquitoes is required. (biomedcentral.com)
Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting human malaria parasites that cause an estimated 200 million cases and more than 600 thousand deaths each year. (unige.ch)
Two articles published on November 27th in the journal Science describe detailed genomic comparisons of these mosquitoes and the deadliest of them all, Anopheles gambiae . (unige.ch)
Malaria parasites are transmitted to humans by only a few dozen of the many hundreds of species of Anopheles mosquitoes, and of these, only a handful are highly efficient disease-vectors. (unige.ch)

Red indicates sites of Anopheles stephensi mosquito collection. (cdc.gov)
Collection information and species proportions detected using a combination of standard PCR diagnostics and mitochondrial DNA sequencing Estimated percentages of Anopheles stephensi (with associated binomial confidence intervals) are. (cdc.gov)
Please can you give us a short summary of the recent reports article, 'Digital droplet PCR and IDAA for the detection of CRISPR indel edits in the malaria species Anopheles stephensi' ? (biotechniques.com)
Simultaneous microarray-based transcription analysis of 4987 Anopheles stephensi midgut and Plasmodium berghei infection stage specific cDNAs was done at seven successive time points: 6, 20 and 40h, and 4, 8, 14 and 20 days after ingestion of malaria infected blood. (unboundmedicine.com)
Quando Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say e Anopheles stephensi Liston foram incluídas como grupos externos, os dados combinados dos genes White e COI recuperaram o monofiletismo de An. (usp.br)
When Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say and Anopheles stephensi Liston were included as outgroups, combined white and COI data resolved An. (usp.br)
Anopheles stephensi p38 MAPK signaling regulates innate immunity and bioenergetics during Plasmodium falciparum infection," Parasites and Vectors , vol. 8, article 424, 2015. (hindawi.com)
Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Anopheles stephensi, female mosquito vector carrier of malaria. (sciencephoto.com)
Here we report on the development of transgenic sexing lines for the mosquito Anopheles stephensi, the principal vector of human malaria in Asia. (semanticscholar.org)
The energetic budget of Anopheles stephensi infected with Plasmodium chabaudi: is energy depletion a mechanism for virulence? (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. (biomedcentral.com)

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb, Dos, Cecilia L. S., Wilkerson, Richard C. (2009): Studies on Anopheles (Kerteszia) homunculus Komp (Diptera: Culicidae). (gbif.org)
Anopheles is a genus of mosquito from the family Culicidae. (sciencephoto.com)
E. E. Frances , Survivorship and distribution of immature Anopheles gambiae sl (Diptera: Culicidae) in Banambani village, Mali, Journal of Medical Entomology , 41 (2004), 333-339. (aimsciences.org)
Larvicidal potential of some plants from west Africa against Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) and anopheles gambiae giles (Diptera: Culicidae). (thefreelibrary.com)
This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Harbach, Ralph E., Rattanarithikul, Rampa, Harrison, Bruce A. (2017): Anopheles prachongae, a new species of the Gigas Complex of subgenus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand, contrasted with known forms of the complex. (gbif.org)

Anopheles (/əˈnɒfɪliːz/) is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen in 1818. (wikipedia.org)
The only known fossils of this genus are those of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) dominicanus Zavortink & Poinar contained in Dominican amber from the Late Eocene (40.4 million years ago to 33.9 million years ago) and Anopheles rottensis Statz contained in German amber from the Late Oligocene (28.4 million years ago to 23 million years ago). (wikipedia.org)
The genus Anopheles Meigen (nearly worldwide distribution) belongs to the subfamily Anophelinae together with another two genera: Bironella Theobald (Australia only) and Chagasia Cruz (Neotropics). (wikipedia.org)
The same phylogeny also argues that, based on genetic similarity, Anopheles implexus is actually divergent from the common ancestor to the Anopheles genus, raising new questions regarding taxonomy and classification. (wikipedia.org)
Two main groupings within the genus Anopheles are used: one formed by the Celia and Anopheles subgenera and a second by Kerteszia, Lophopodomyia and Nyssorhynchus. (wikipedia.org)
Anopheles (Celia) varuna is a species complex of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles. (wikipedia.org)
Among the 3,000 mosquito species, the Anopheles genus is likely the deadliest. (giantmicrobes.com)
Perhaps the deadliest of all is the genus Anopheles, some species of which spread malaria. (giantmicrobes.com)
Unlike the Culex genus of mosquito which is prevalent throughout the USA, Anopheles live predominantly in warm, moist and tropical climates. (giantmicrobes.com)
Anopheles ( nyamuk malaria) merupakan salah satu genus nyamuk. (wikipedia.org)
Anopheles / ə ˈ n ɒ f ᵻ l iː z / (Greek anofelís: "useless") is a genus of mosquito first described and named by J. W. Meigen in 1818. (wn.com)
Genus Anopheles is a serious mosquito group of curiosity in Sri Lanka because it contains vectors of malaria and its members exist as species complexes. (anobase.org)
2005). Species in the genus Anopheles have long palps approximately equal in length to the proboscis. (ufl.edu)
The internal classification of genus Anopheles is updated to reflect taxonomic actions published since the classification was last reviewed in 1994. (cambridge.org)
This is the first report on the diversity of the salivary protein repertoire among species from the Anopheles genus at the protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
The involvement of these proteins as antigenic candidates for genus-, subgenus- or species-specific immunological evaluation of individual exposure to Anopheles bites is discussed. (biomedcentral.com)
Several mosquito species of the Anopheles genus are vectors of Plasmodium parasites, the causal agents of malaria. (biomedcentral.com)
Human malaria parasites are vectored primarily by three mosquito species of the genus Anopheles, and new technologies and strategies to control disease transmission by targeting the mosquito vector have been proposed or are in development. (cornell.edu)

N'hi ha aproximadament 400 espècies , de les quals 30-40 transmeten cinc espècies diferents de paràsits del gènere Plasmodium , que causen la malària que afecta els humans en àrees endèmiques. (wikipedia.org)
Anopheles gambiae és una de les més conegudes a causa del seu paper important en la transmissió del Plasmodium falciparum . (wikipedia.org)
Anopheles gambiae is one of the best known, because of its predominant role in the transmission of the most dangerous malaria parasite species (to humans) - Plasmodium falciparum. (wikipedia.org)
Malaria is caused by the plasmodium parasite living inside Anopheles. (giantmicrobes.com)
Plasmodium falciparum ) dalam kawasan endemik di Afrika, sedangkan Anopheles sundaicus adalah penyebar malaria di Asia. (wikipedia.org)
The study reveals the molecular components of several Anopheles processes relating to blood digestion, midgut expansion and response to Plasmodium-infected blood such as digestive enzymes, transporters, cytoskeletal and structural components and stress and immune responsive factors. (unboundmedicine.com)
Temporal correlation between transcription profiles of both organisms identifies putative gene clusters of interacting processes, such as Plasmodium invasion of the midgut epithelium, Anopheles immune responses to Plasmodium infection, and apoptosis and expulsion of invaded midgut cells from the epithelium. (unboundmedicine.com)
Here we have established a modified CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing procedure for the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, and studied the effect of inactivating the fibrinogen-related protein 1 (FREP1) gene on the mosquito's susceptibility to Plasmodium and on mosquito fitness. (nih.gov)
The naturally acquired microbiota of Anopheles can influence vector's susceptibility to Plasmodium and its capacity to transmit them. (frontiersin.org)
There are approximately 400 species of the Anopheles mosquito, 30 to 40 transmit four different species of the parasite, Plasmodium, that causes malaria. (sciencephoto.com)

The Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus clades diverged between 80 million years ago and 36 million years ago. (wikipedia.org)
The malaria vector Anopheles funestus is increasingly recognized as a dominant vector of residual transmission in many African settings. (malariaworld.org)
Understanding the molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquito, such as Anopheles funestus, is an important step in developing strategies to mitigate the resistance problem. (malariaworld.org)
Increased levels of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors such as Anopheles funestus threaten the effectiveness of insecticide-based control programmes. (malariaworld.org)

Previous mosquito surveys performed in the Federation of St Kitts and Nevis identified Anopheles albimanus in Nevis but there is no recorded occurrence of this mosquito in St Kitts. (uwi.edu)
A new record for St Kitts was Anopheles albimanus which was trapped during the rainy season near a mangrove site. (uwi.edu)
Germ-line transformation of the South American malaria vector, Anopheles albimanus, with a piggyBac/EGFP transposon vector is routine and highly efficient. (semanticscholar.org)
The micro-geographic structure of Anopheles albimanus was studied in southern Central America using partial sequences of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). (dp.la)
Anopheles albimanus (subgenus Nyssorhynchus ) is an important malaria vector in the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)

The analyses included 12 species within Anopheles and 4 within the Myzorhynchus Series of the subgenus Anopheles , 8 within Neocellia, 6 within Myzomyia, 3 within Paramyzomyia, and 1 within the Pyretophorus Series of the subgenus Cellia . (go.jp)

Effect of predation on Anopheles larvae by five sympatic insect families in coastal Kenya. (thefreelibrary.com)
Studying predation pressure on Anopheles mosquito larvae is made more complicated by having at least two distinct guilds of predators (12). (thefreelibrary.com)
The Anopheles mosquito larvae, filter feeding at the surface of the water, must contend with potential attacks from both surface and submerged predators. (thefreelibrary.com)
Insecticide Exposure Triggers a Modulated Expression of ABC Transporter Genes in Larvae of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (mdpi.com)
In this study, we have investigated if ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, a major component of the defensome machinery, are involved in defence against the insecticide permethrin, in susceptible larvae of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. (mdpi.com)
The plant species studied were selected on the basis of criteria (Table 1), such as lack of information on activity against Anopheles and Culex larvae, botanical families (Euphorbiaceae, Verbenaceae, and Meliaceae) from which number of larvicidal plant were reported and large distribution in West Africa. (thefreelibrary.com)

Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago. (wikipedia.org)

I used population genetic approaches to study the historical demographic and selective events of multiple populations of one of the primary vectors, Anopheles gambiae. (cornell.edu)

The system of subgenera originated with the work of Christophers, who in 1915 described three subgenera: Anopheles (widely distributed), Myzomyia (later renamed Cellia) (Old World) and Nyssorhynchus (Neotropical). (wikipedia.org)
The number of species currently recognised within the subgenera is given here in parentheses: Anopheles (206 species), Baimaia (1), Cellia (216), Kerteszia (12), Lophopodomyia (6), Nyssorhynchus (34) and Stethomyia (5). (wikipedia.org)
The larger subgenera (Anopheles, Cellia and Nyssorhynchus) have been subdivided into sections and series which in turn have been divided into groups and subgroups. (wikipedia.org)
Anopheles albertoi Unti e Anopheles arthuri Unti são retiradas da sinonímia com Anopheles strodei Root, e uma forma morfologicamente distinta, adiante designada Anopheles CP, do Complexo Strodei de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) é caracterizada. (usp.br)
Anopheles albertoi Unti and Anopheles arthuri Unti are revived from the synonymy with Anopheles strodei Root, and a distinct morphological form (herein designated Anopheles CP Form) from the Strodei complex of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) is characterized. (usp.br)
Subgenera Anopheles , Cellia and Nyssorhynchus are subdivided hierarchically into nested informal groups of morphologically similar species that are believed to represent monophyletic lineages based on morphological similarity. (cambridge.org)

ABSTRACT A diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using species-specific primers and direct sequencing was used to identify members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex in the north-west and central regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)

Despite their importance as malaria vectors, little is known of the bionomic of Anopheles nili and Anopheles moucheti. (malariaworld.org)

Results: Anopheles arabiensis was the dominant malaria specie in the country, accounting for 52% of the sibling species identified, while An. (rti.org)

Insecticide resistance in Anopheles sacharovi Favre in southern Turkey. (who.int)
Multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae from Tanzania: A major concern for malaria vector control. (rti.org)
A major threat to further reductions in malaria incidents is the emergence and spread of insecticide resistance (IR) in Anopheles ( An . (springer.com)
We examine the extent and impact of recent introgression of a strongly selected insecticide-resistance mutation ( Vgsc-1014F ) located within one of two exceptionally large genomic islands of divergence separating the Anopheles gambiae species pair. (nature.com)

Abdulla-Khan , R. , Coetzee , M. & Hunt , R.H. ( 1998 ) Description of Anopheles (Cellia) seretsei sp. (cambridge.org)
The congruent tree topologies of both molecular markers strongly supported monophyly of subgenera Anopheles and Cellia . (go.jp)

Here, we describe a metabolome analysis of the midgut of Anopheles coluzzii provided with a sugar-meal or a non-infectious blood-meal, under conventional or antibiotic-treated conditions. (nih.gov)
In depth annotation of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito midgut transcriptome," BMC Genomics , vol. 15, article no. 636, 2014. (hindawi.com)
We show that a peroxidase, secreted by the Anopheles gambiae midgut, and dual oxidase form a dityrosine network that decreases gut permeability to immune elicitors. (sciencemag.org)

2012). Though not major malaria vectors in South America, Anopheles goeldii and Anopheles triannulatus are locally and regionally important (Rubio-Palis 1994, Póvoa et al. (scielo.br)

Populations of Anopheles (Kerteszia) were sampled fortnightly over a one-year period (August 1991 to July 1992) at Ribeira Valley, S. Paulo State, Brazil. (scielo.br)

Molecular assay were used to determine distribution of Anopheles gambiae sub-species. (rti.org)
Djadid D, Gholizadeh S, Tafsiri E, Romi R, Gordeev M, Zakeri S (2007) Molecular identification of Palearctic members of Anopheles maculipennis in northern Iran. (springer.com)
The main Afrotropical malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, is undergoing a process of sympatric ecological diversification leading to at least two incipient species (the M and S molecular forms) showing heterogeneous levels of divergence across the genome. (diva-portal.org)

http://www.softberry.com/berry.phtml?topic=gfind Method description: A new parameter set for gene prediction Anopheles gambiae is developed for FGENESH program. (bio.net)
She is currently working on the development and optimization of a gene drive system based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology for population modification of the malaria African vector Anopheles gambiae to spread beneficial genes quickly through mosquito populations. (biotechniques.com)
Gene expression patterns associated with blood-feeding in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae ," BMC Genomics , vol. 6, article 5, 2005. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we characterized the serpin ( SRPN ) gene family in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae , the major malaria vector in Sub-Saharan Africa. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Bacterial culture and 16S rRNA gene-PCR associated to Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) were applied to explore the bacterial diversity in the abdomen of 100 wild specimens (eight Anopheles species) collected in the Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam. (frontiersin.org)
OBP3 gene cDNA ORF clone, Anopheles gambiae str. (genscript.com)

Anopheles farauti sensu stricto (formerly A. farauti 1) is distributed in Papua New Guinea and Australia where it is and it was a malaria vector, respectively. (vectorbase.org)

However, the results, reported today (Nov. 7) in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases , demonstrated that all four Anopheles species were competent laboratory vectors of the virus. (eurekalert.org)

There are over 400 species of the Anopheles mosquito, and about 40 of these species carry malaria. (giantmicrobes.com)

The Anopheles genome, at 230-284 million base pairs (Mbp), is comparable in size to that of Drosophila, but considerably smaller than those found in other culicine genomes (528 Mbp-1.9 Gbp). (wikipedia.org)
The Anopheles gambiae genome: an update. (genscript.com)
Much of our understanding of many such processes derives from the sequencing of the Anopheles gambiae genome in 2002, which has since facilitated many large-scale functional studies that have offered numerous insights into how this mosquito became highly specialized in order to live amongst and feed upon humans. (unige.ch)
Until now, the lack of such genomic resources for other Anopheles limited comparisons to small-scale studies of individual genes with no genome-wide data to investigate key attributes that impact the mosquito's ability to transmit parasites. (unige.ch)

In the Anopheles minimus complex, 2 sibling species (A and C) are generally accepted. (bioone.org)

Here, the morphology of the spermatheca in the saltwater-tolerant mosquito Anopheles aquasalis Curry was investigated for the first time using a combination of light, confocal, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. (bioone.org)

Blazquez J, de Zulueta J (1980) The disappearance of Anopheles labranchiae from Spain. (springer.com)

The mosquito Anopheles gambiae is the major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. (nature.com)
So about half of the world's population is at risk since Anopheles lives throughout Africa, South and Southeast Asia and Latin America. (giantmicrobes.com)
The divergence time between Anopheles gambiae , the main malaria vector in Africa, and the Neotropical vectors has been estimated to be 100 My. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus although about half the world's human population is at risk of malaria, most fatalities occur in sub-Saharan Africa, home of the major vector species, Anopheles gambiae . (unige.ch)
We selected species from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America," explained Prof. Besansky , "that represent a range of evolutionary distances from Anopheles gambiae , a variety of ecological conditions, and varying degrees of vectorial capacity. (unige.ch)
In Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in Sub-Saharan Africa, 18 SRPN genes encoding 23 distinct proteins have been identified. (k-state.edu)

We performed an analysis of the electrophysiological responses of olfactory neurons in the antennae of the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. and investigated the effect of blood feeding on responsiveness. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Their origin and the existence of Anopheles -specific bacterial taxa are discussed. (frontiersin.org)

The genera Culex, Aedes and Anopheles are the most important vectors involved in diseases transmission to humans. (thefreelibrary.com)

Anopheles Eradication. (bmj.com)

An association of brain tumor incidence and malaria suggests the Anopheles might transmit a virus or other agent that could cause a brain tumor. (wn.com)
The capacity of the two North American species of Anopheles to transmit Mayaro is particularly relevant to the United States, because the estimated geographic distribution of these species covers the entire country," Rasgon said. (eurekalert.org)
Variation in the ability of different Anopheles species to transmit malaria - known as "vectorial capacity" - is determined by many factors, including feeding and breeding preferences, as well as their immune responses to infections. (unige.ch)

In the taxonomy published by Harbach et al in 2016, it was shown that three species of Bironella: confusa, gracilis, and hollandi are phylogenetically similar Anopheles kyondawensis than other Bironella species. (wikipedia.org)
Phylogenetic trees constructed on the basis of ITS2 sequences could accurately categorize all of the series according to the classical taxonomy but could not distinguish Pyretophorus ( Anopheles subpictus ) from Paramyzomyia Series. (go.jp)

Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say is historically the most important vector of malaria in the eastern United States. (ufl.edu)
Adult female common malaria mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. (ufl.edu)
Known distribution of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. (ufl.edu)
Anopheles quadrimaculatus has dark scales on the wings with patches of scales forming four darker spots on the wing (Carpenter and LaCasse 1955). (ufl.edu)
Egg of the common malaria mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say. (ufl.edu)
Anopheles quadrimaculatus will feed on mammals including humans and domestic and wild animals (Carpenter and LaCasse 1955). (ufl.edu)

Malaria transmission has been eradicated from southern European Russia and Siberia but the main mosquito vector Anopheles messeae still flourishes. (europa.eu)

Anopheles farauti is a complex of seven species distributed in the Moluccas (Indonesia) and extend eastward through Papua New Guinea (the Admiralty Islands and the Bismarck Archipelago), the Solomon Islands, the New Hebrides (Vanuatu) and Australia. (vectorbase.org)

To evaluate whether environmental heterogeneity contributes to the genetic heterogeneity in Anopheles triannulatus , larval habitat characteristics across the Brazilian states of Roraima and Pará and genetic sequences were examined. (scielo.br)

Comparative studies on sibling species of the Anopheles gambiae Giles complex (Dipt. (cambridge.org)
In a study carried out by Service (5) on natural mortalities and predation of immature stages of Anopheles gambiae Giles, mortality was observed to be higher in the rice pools than in the small pools and ponds. (thefreelibrary.com)

However, the ability to target genes using RNAi during pre-adult stages is limited in the major human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae . (jove.com)

Scientists must understand the biology and behavior of Anopheles to develop malaria insecticides and other control strategies. (giantmicrobes.com)
However, many Anopheles species have become resistant to insecticides through years and years of pesticide use. (giantmicrobes.com)

Therefore, new and innovative approaches to control Anopheles vectors for reducing malaria transmission on a more durable and safer manner for human health are, hence, needed. (frontiersin.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms18

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes18

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Health Care12

Geographicals19

Can anything be done to maintain the effectiveness of pyrethroid-impregnated bednets against malaria vectors? (1/1919)

Anopheles gambiae Ag-STAT, a new insect member of the STAT family, is activated in response to bacterial infection. (2/1919)

Purification and cloning of the salivary peroxidase/catechol oxidase of the mosquito Anopheles albimanus. (3/1919)

Can vector control play a useful supplementary role against bancroftian filariasis? (4/1919)

Bancroftian filariasis in an irrigation project community in southern Ghana. (5/1919)

Host haematological factors influencing the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes to Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes. (6/1919)

Control of malaria vectors: cost analysis in a province of northern Vietnam. (7/1919)

A hemocyte-like cell line established from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae expresses six prophenoloxidase genes. (8/1919)

Anopheles

Anopheles gambiae

Insect Vectors

Insecticide Resistance

Malaria

Mosquito Control

Insecticides

Pyrethrins

Entomology

Insect Bites and Stings

Disease Vectors

Allergy and Immunology

Insect Proteins

Culicidae

Larva

Plasmodium

Permethrin

Culex

Insect Repellents

Kenya

Genes, Insect

Population Density

Benin

Feeding Behavior

Sporozoites

Plasmodium berghei

Oocysts

Plasmodium falciparum

Seasons

Host-Parasite Interactions

Plasmodium vivax

Senegal

Genome, Insect

Colombia

Insecticide-Treated Bednets

Ecosystem

DNA, Ribosomal Spacer

Mali

Dieldrin

Oviposition

Species Specificity

Cameroon

Aedes

Fenitrothion

Salivary Glands

Malaria, Falciparum

Malaria, Vivax

Burkina Faso

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Laundering

Africa, Western

Phenylcarbamates

Pest Control, Biological

Beauveria

DEET

Geography

Propoxur

Phylogeny

Digestive System

Africa

Molecular Sequence Data

Chromosome Inversion

Population Dynamics

Bedding and Linens

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Insect Control

Tanzania

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Chromosomes, Insect

Rain

Biological Assay

Housing

Life Cycle Stages

Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

Angola

Melanesia

Malathion

Polytene Chromosomes

Metarhizium

Receptors, Odorant