Ankle. Medical search

Ankle Joint: The joint that is formed by the inferior articular and malleolar articular surfaces of the TIBIA; the malleolar articular surface of the FIBULA; and the medial malleolar, lateral malleolar, and superior surfaces of the TALUS.Ankle: The region of the lower limb between the FOOT and the LEG.Ankle Injuries: Harm or hurt to the ankle or ankle joint usually inflicted by an external source.Lateral Ligament, Ankle: LATERAL LIGAMENTS of the ANKLE JOINT. It includes inferior tibiofibular ligaments.Sprains and Strains: A collective term for muscle and ligament injuries without dislocation or fracture. A sprain is a joint injury in which some of the fibers of a supporting ligament are ruptured but the continuity of the ligament remains intact. A strain is an overstretching or overexertion of some part of the musculature.Talus: The second largest of the TARSAL BONES. It articulates with the TIBIA and FIBULA to form the ANKLE JOINT.Foot: The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.Joint Instability: Lack of stability of a joint or joint prosthesis. Factors involved are intra-articular disease and integrity of extra-articular structures such as joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles.Arthrodesis: The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)Ankle Brachial Index: Comparison of the BLOOD PRESSURE between the BRACHIAL ARTERY and the POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY. It is a predictor of PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE.Range of Motion, Articular: The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.Orthotic Devices: Apparatus used to support, align, prevent, or correct deformities or to improve the function of movable parts of the body.Ligaments, Articular: Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.Braces: Orthopedic appliances used to support, align, or hold parts of the body in correct position. (Dorland, 28th ed)Biomechanical Phenomena: The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.Fibula: The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.Subtalar Joint: Formed by the articulation of the talus with the calcaneus.Foot Injuries: General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.Gait: Manner or style of walking.Tarsus, Animal: The region in the hindlimb of a quadruped, corresponding to the human ANKLE.Athletic Injuries: Injuries incurred during participation in competitive or non-competitive sports.Ankle Fractures Proprioception: Sensory functions that transduce stimuli received by proprioceptive receptors in joints, tendons, muscles, and the INNER EAR into neural impulses to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Proprioception provides sense of stationary positions and movements of one's body parts, and is important in maintaining KINESTHESIA and POSTURAL BALANCE.Tarsal Bones: The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid, navicular, and the internal, middle, and external cuneiforms.Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.Fractures, Bone: Breaks in bones.Electromyography: Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.Walking: An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. This includes recreational walking, walking for fitness, and competitive race-walking.Leg: The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.Equinus Deformity: Plantar declination of the foot.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Casts, Surgical: Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.Joint Prosthesis: Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)Postural Balance: A POSTURE in which an ideal body mass distribution is achieved. Postural balance provides the body carriage stability and conditions for normal functions in stationary position or in movement, such as sitting, standing, or walking.Foot Diseases: Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.Gait Disorders, Neurologic: Gait abnormalities that are a manifestation of nervous system dysfunction. These conditions may be caused by a wide variety of disorders which affect motor control, sensory feedback, and muscle strength including: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or MUSCULAR DISEASES.Basketball: A competitive team sport played on a rectangular court having a raised basket at each end.Shoes Achilles Tendon: A fibrous cord that connects the muscles in the back of the calf to the HEEL BONE.Posture: The position or attitude of the body.Bandages: Material used for wrapping or binding any part of the body.Reflex, Stretch: Reflex contraction of a muscle in response to stretching, which stimulates muscle proprioceptors.Peroneal Nerve: The lateral of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal (or fibular) nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to parts of the leg and foot.Movement: The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.Foot Deformities: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.Weight-Bearing: The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.Osteoarthritis: A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.Calcaneus: The largest of the TARSAL BONES which is situated at the lower and back part of the FOOT, forming the HEEL.Toes: Any one of five terminal digits of the vertebrate FOOT.Joints: Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.Arthroplasty, Replacement: Partial or total replacement of a joint.Knee Joint: A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.Locomotion: Movement or the ability to move from one place or another. It can refer to humans, vertebrate or invertebrate animals, and microorganisms.Recovery of Function: A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.Flatfoot: A condition in which one or more of the arches of the foot have flattened out.Foot Deformities, Acquired: Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.Sports Equipment: Equipment required for engaging in a sport (such as balls, bats, rackets, skis, skates, ropes, weights) and devices for the protection of athletes during their performance (such as masks, gloves, mouth pieces).Joint Diseases Lower Extremity: The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.Heel: The back (or posterior) of the FOOT in PRIMATES, found behind the ANKLE and distal to the TOES.Knee: A region of the lower extremity immediately surrounding and including the KNEE JOINT.Tendons: Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.Tibial Nerve: The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.Hip: The projecting part on each side of the body, formed by the side of the pelvis and the top portion of the femur.Arthroscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy and surgery of the joint.Tibia: The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.Foot Joints: The articulations extending from the ANKLE distally to the TOES. These include the ANKLE JOINT; TARSAL JOINTS; METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT; and TOE JOINT.Tibial Fractures Hip Joint: The joint that is formed by the articulation of the head of FEMUR and the ACETABULUM of the PELVIS.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Toe Joint: The articulation between the head of one phalanx and the base of the one distal to it, in each toe.Clubfoot: A deformed foot in which the foot is plantarflexed, inverted and adducted.Foot Bones: The TARSAL BONES; METATARSAL BONES; and PHALANGES OF TOES. The tarsal bones consists of seven bones: CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid; navicular; internal; middle; and external cuneiform bones. The five metatarsal bones are numbered one through five, running medial to lateral. There are 14 phalanges in each foot, the great toe has two while the other toes have three each.Soccer: A game in which a round inflated ball is advanced by kicking or propelling with any part of the body except the hands or arms. The object of the game is to place the ball in opposite goals.Hindlimb: Either of two extremities of four-footed non-primate land animals. It usually consists of a FEMUR; TIBIA; and FIBULA; tarsals; METATARSALS; and TOES. (From Storer et al., General Zoology, 6th ed, p73)Fractures, Closed: Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.Fracture Fixation: The use of metallic devices inserted into or through bone to hold a fracture in a set position and alignment while it heals.Arthropathy, Neurogenic: Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)Joint Deformities, Acquired: Deformities acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease. The joint deformity is often associated with rheumatoid arthritis and leprosy.Muscle Spasticity: A form of muscle hypertonia associated with upper MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. Resistance to passive stretch of a spastic muscle results in minimal initial resistance (a "free interval") followed by an incremental increase in muscle tone. Tone increases in proportion to the velocity of stretch. Spasticity is usually accompanied by HYPERREFLEXIA and variable degrees of MUSCLE WEAKNESS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p54)Peripheral Vascular Diseases: Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.Isometric Contraction: Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.Muscle Contraction: A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.Arthritis H-Reflex: A monosynaptic reflex elicited by stimulating a nerve, particularly the tibial nerve, with an electric shock.Fracture Fixation, Internal: The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena: Processes and properties of the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.Robotics: The application of electronic, computerized control systems to mechanical devices designed to perform human functions. Formerly restricted to industry, but nowadays applied to artificial organs controlled by bionic (bioelectronic) devices, like automated insulin pumps and other prostheses.Foot Orthoses: Devices used to support or align the foot structure, or to prevent or correct foot deformities.Immobilization: The restriction of the MOVEMENT of whole or part of the body by physical means (RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL) or chemically by ANALGESIA, or the use of TRANQUILIZING AGENTS or NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS. It includes experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility.Forefoot, Human: The forepart of the foot including the metatarsals and the TOES.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Peripheral Arterial Disease: Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.Hemiplegia: Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.Artificial Limbs: Prosthetic replacements for arms, legs, and parts thereof.Cryotherapy: A form of therapy consisting in the local or general use of cold. The selective destruction of tissue by extreme cold or freezing is CRYOSURGERY. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Paresis: A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.Muscle Strength: The amount of force generated by MUSCLE CONTRACTION. Muscle strength can be measured during isometric, isotonic, or isokinetic contraction, either manually or using a device such as a MUSCLE STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER.Ilizarov Technique: A bone fixation technique using an external fixator (FIXATORS, EXTERNAL) for lengthening limbs, correcting pseudarthroses and other deformities, and assisting the healing of otherwise hopeless traumatic or pathological fractures and infections, such as chronic osteomyelitis. The method was devised by the Russian orthopedic surgeon Gavriil Abramovich Ilizarov (1921-1992). (From Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1992 Summer;52(1):1)Leg Injuries: General or unspecified injuries involving the leg.Reflex, Abnormal: An abnormal response to a stimulus applied to the sensory components of the nervous system. This may take the form of increased, decreased, or absent reflexes.Metatarsophalangeal Joint: The articulation between a metatarsal bone (METATARSAL BONES) and a phalanx.Physical Therapy Modalities: Therapeutic modalities frequently used in PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALTY by PHYSICAL THERAPISTS or physiotherapists to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individual.Arthralgia: Pain in the joint.Supination: Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm forward or upward. When referring to the foot, a combination of adduction and inversion movements of the foot.Osteotomy: The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)Metatarsal Bones: The five long bones of the METATARSUS, articulating with the TARSAL BONES proximally and the PHALANGES OF TOES distally.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Kinesthesis: Sense of movement of a part of the body, such as movement of fingers, elbows, knees, limbs, or weights.Hallux Valgus: Lateral displacement of the great toe (HALLUX), producing deformity of the first METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT with callous, bursa, or bunion formation over the bony prominence.Fasciitis, Plantar: Inflammation of the thick tissue on the bottom of the foot (plantar fascia) causing HEEL pain. The plantar fascia (also called plantar aponeurosis) are bands of fibrous tissue extending from the calcaneal tuberosity to the TOES. The etiology of plantar fasciitis remains controversial but is likely to involve a biomechanical imbalance. Though often presenting along with HEEL SPUR, they do not appear to be causally related.Athletic Tape: Adhesive tape with the mechanical strength to resist stretching. It is applied to the skin to support, stabilize, and restrict movement to aid healing and/or prevent injuries of MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM.Brachial Artery: The continuation of the axillary artery; it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries.Collateral Ligaments: A number of ligaments on either side of, and serving as a radius of movement of, a joint having a hingelike movement. They occur at the elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints of the hands and feet. (Stedman, 25th ed)External Fixators: External devices which hold wires or pins that are placed through one or both cortices of bone in order to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment. These devices allow easy access to wounds, adjustment during the course of healing, and more functional use of the limbs involved.Metatarsus: The part of the foot between the tarsa and the TOES.Decerebrate State: A condition characterized by abnormal posturing of the limbs that is associated with injury to the brainstem. This may occur as a clinical manifestation or induced experimentally in animals. The extensor reflexes are exaggerated leading to rigid extension of the limbs accompanied by hyperreflexia and opisthotonus. This condition is usually caused by lesions which occur in the region of the brainstem that lies between the red nuclei and the vestibular nuclei. In contrast, decorticate rigidity is characterized by flexion of the elbows and wrists with extension of the legs and feet. The causative lesion for this condition is located above the red nuclei and usually consists of diffuse cerebral damage. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p358)Intermittent Claudication: A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.Exercise Therapy: A regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed for specific therapeutic goals. Its purpose is to restore normal musculoskeletal function or to reduce pain caused by diseases or injuries.Osteochondritis: Inflammation of a bone and its overlaying CARTILAGE.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Intra-Articular Fractures: Fractures of the articular surface of a bone.Cerebral Palsy: A heterogeneous group of nonprogressive motor disorders caused by chronic brain injuries that originate in the prenatal period, perinatal period, or first few years of life. The four major subtypes are spastic, athetoid, ataxic, and mixed cerebral palsy, with spastic forms being the most common. The motor disorder may range from difficulties with fine motor control to severe spasticity (see MUSCLE SPASTICITY) in all limbs. Spastic diplegia (Little disease) is the most common subtype, and is characterized by spasticity that is more prominent in the legs than in the arms. Pathologically, this condition may be associated with LEUKOMALACIA, PERIVENTRICULAR. (From Dev Med Child Neurol 1998 Aug;40(8):520-7)Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.Rotation: Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.Amputation: The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)Reconstructive Surgical Procedures: Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.Sports Medicine: The field of medicine concerned with physical fitness and the diagnosis and treatment of injuries sustained in exercise and sports activities.Cadaver: A dead body, usually a human body.Radiography: Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of X-RAYS or GAMMA RAYS, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film).Muscle Weakness: A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)Contracture: Prolonged shortening of the muscle or other soft tissue around a joint, preventing movement of the joint.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Diabetic Neuropathies: Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)AmputeesRupture: Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.

Isolated femoropopliteal bypass graft for limb salvage after failed tibial reconstruction: a viable alternative to amputation. (1/775)

PURPOSE: Femoropopliteal bypass grafting procedures performed to isolated popliteal arteries after failure of a previous tibial reconstruction were studied. The results were compared with those of a study of primary isolated femoropopliteal bypass grafts (IFPBs). METHODS: IFPBs were only constructed if the uninvolved or patent popliteal segment measured at least 7 cm in length and had at least one major collateral supplying the calf. When IFPB was performed for ischemic lesions, these lesions were usually limited to the digits or small portions of the foot. Forty-seven polytetrafluoroethylene grafts and three autogenous reversed saphenous vein grafts were used. RESULTS: Ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) increased after bypass grafting by a mean of 0.46. Three-year primary life table patency and limb-salvage rates for primary IFPBs were 73% and 86%, respectively. All eight IFPBs performed after failed tibial bypass grafts remained patent for 2 to 44 months, with patients having viable, healed feet. CONCLUSION: In the presence of a suitable popliteal artery and limited tissue necrosis, IFPB can have acceptable patency and limb-salvage rates, even when a polytetrafluoroethylene graft is used. Secondary IFPB can be used to achieve limb salvage after failed tibial bypass grafting. (+info)

Surgical transluminal iliac angioplasty with selective stenting: long-term results assessed by means of duplex scanning. (2/775)

PURPOSE: The safety of iliac angioplasty and selective stenting performed in the operating room by vascular surgeons was evaluated, and the short- and long-term results were assessed by means of serial duplex scanning. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1996, 281 iliac stenotic or occlusive lesions in 235 consecutive patients with chronic limb ischemia were treated by means of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone (n = 214) or PTA with stent (n = 67, 23.8%). There were 260 primary lesions and 21 restenosis after a first PTA, which were analyzed separately. Stents were implanted in selected cases, either primarily in totally occluded arteries or after suboptimum results of PTA (ie, residual stenosis or a dissection). Data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Results were reported in an intention-to-treat basis. Clinical results and patency were evaluated by means of symptom assessment, ankle brachial pressure index, and duplex scanning at discharge and 1, 3, 6, and every 12 months after angioplasty. To identify factors that may affect outcome, 12 clinical and radiological variables, including the four categories of lesions defined by the Standards of Practice Committee of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, were analyzed separately. The statistical significances of life-table analysis of patency were determined by means of the log-rank test. RESULTS: There were no postoperative deaths or amputations. Local, general, and vascular complications occurred in 2.1%, 1.3% and 4.7% of cases, respectively (total, 8.1%). The mean follow-up period was 29.6 months. The cumulative patency rates +/- SE of the 260 PTAs (including 55 PTAs plus stents) were 92.9% +/- 1.5% at 1 month, 86. 5% +/- 1.7% at 1 year, 81.2% +/- 2.3% at 2 years, 78.8% +/- 2.9% at 3 years, and 75.4% +/- 3.5% at 5 and 6 years. The two-year patency rate of 21 redo PTAs (including 11 PTAs plus stents) was 79.1% +/- 18.2%. Of 12 predictable variables studied in the first PTA group, only the category of the lesion was predictive of long-term patency. The two-year patency rate was 84% +/- 3% for 199 category 1 lesions and 69.7% +/- 6.5% for 61 category 2, 3, and 4 lesions together (P =. 02). There was no difference of patency in the stented and nonstented group. CONCLUSION: Iliac PTA alone or with the use of a stent (in cases of occlusion and/or suboptimal results of PTA) offers an excellent long-term patency rate. Categorization of lesions remains useful in predicting long-term outcome. PTA can be performed safely by vascular surgeons in the operating room and should be considered to be the primary treatment for localized iliac occlusive disease. (+info)

Ankle-arm index as a predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the Cardiovascular Health Study. The Cardiovascular Health Study Group. (3/775)

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the legs, measured noninvasively by the ankle-arm index (AAI) is associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. To determine risk of total mortality, coronary heart disease, or stroke mortality and incident versus recurrent CVD associated with a low AAI, we examined the relationship of the AAI to subsequent CVD events in 5888 older adults with and without CVD. The AAI was measured in 5888 participants >/=65 years old at the baseline examination of the Cardiovascular Health Study. All participants had a detailed assessment of prevalent CVD and were contacted every 6 months for total mortality and CVD events (including CVD mortality, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, angina, stroke, and hospitalized PAD). The crude mortality rate at 6 years was highest (32.3%) in those participants with prevalent CVD and a low AAI (P<0.9), and it was lowest in those with neither of these findings (8.7%, P<0.01). Similar patterns emerged from analysis of recurrent CVD and incident CVD. The risk for incident congestive heart failure (relative risk [RR]=1.61) and for total mortality (RR=1.62) in those without CVD at baseline but with a low AAI remained significantly elevated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Hospitalized PAD events occurred months to years after the AAI was measured, with an adjusted RR of 5.55 (95% CI, 3.08 to 9.98) in those at risk for incident events. A statistically significant decline in survival was seen at each 0.1 decrement in the AAI. An AAI of <0.9 is an independent risk factor for incident CVD, recurrent CVD, and mortality in this group of older adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study. (+info)

Ropivacaine or 2% mepivacaine for lower limb peripheral nerve blocks. Study Group on Orthopedic Anesthesia of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care. (4/775)

BACKGROUND: Intra- and postoperative clinical properties of sciatic-femoral nerve block performed with either ropivacaine at different concentrations or mepivacaine have been evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, blinded study. METHODS: Adult patients scheduled for foot and ankle surgery were randomized to receive combined sciatic-femoral nerve block with 225 mg of either 0.5% (n = 83), 0.75% (n = 87), or 1% (n = 86) ropivacaine, or with 500 mg of 2% mepivacaine (n = 84). A thigh tourniquet was used in all patients. Onset time, adequacy of surgical anesthesia, time to offset of nerve block, and time until first postoperative requirement for pain medication were evaluated by a blinded observer. RESULTS: The adequacy of nerve block was similar in the four treatment groups (the ratios between adequate:inadequate: failed blocks were 74:9:0 with 0.5% ropivacaine, 74:13:0 with 0.75% ropivacaine, 78:8:0 with 1% ropivacaine, and 72:12:0 with 2% mepivacaine). The onset of the block was slower with 0.5% ropivacaine than with other anesthetic solutions (P < 0.001). Regardless of the concentration, ropivacaine produced a longer motor blockade (10.5+/-3.8 h, 10.3+/-4.3 h, and 10.2+/-5.1 h with 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1% ropivacaine, respectively) than with mepivacaine (4.3+/-2.6 h; P < 0.001). The duration of postoperative analgesia was shorter after mepivacaine (5.1+/-2.7 h) than after ropivacaine (12.2+/-4.1 h, 14.3+/-5 h, and 14.5+/-3.4 h, with 0.5%, 0.75%, or 1% ropivacaine, respectively; P < 0.001). Pain relief after 0.5% ropivacaine was 14% shorter than 0.75% or 1% ropivacaine (P < 0.05). During the first 24 h after surgery, 30-37% of patients receiving ropivacaine required no analgesics compared with 10% of those receiving mepivacaine (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that 0.75% ropivacaine is the most suitable choice of local anesthetic for combined sciatic-femoral nerve block, providing an onset similar to mepivacaine and prolonged postoperative analgesia. (+info)

Volume of ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors determined with stereological techniques. (5/775)

The validity of the methods used for determination of muscle mass has not been evaluated previously. We determined muscle mass by estimating muscle volume with assumption-free stereological techniques applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 18 healthy untrained subjects (6 women, 12 men) aged 41 yr (29-64 yr; median, range). Muscle mass was also estimated by measuring leg circumference and cross-sectional muscle areas (CSA) from MRIs at three predetermined levels. Power [peak torque (PT)] of the ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors was estimated by using isokinetic dynamometry. Dorsiflexor volume (r2 = 0.76, P < 5 x 10(-6)) and CSA (r2 = 0.73, P < 5 x 10(-5)) were related to PT, whereas circumference was not (r2 = 0.17, not significant). Correspondingly, a relationship to plantar PT was established for plantar flexor volume (r2 = 0.69, P < 5 x 10(-5)) and CSA (r2 = 0.46, P < 5 x 10(-3)) but not leg circumference (r2 = 0.15, not significant). SDs of the residuals were smaller for the relationship between dorsiflexor PT and volume than between PT and CSA (0.42 vs. 0.45) for plantar flexors (1.5 vs. 2.0). By using the Cavalieri method, six MRI sections and 15 min of point counting are sufficient to obtain a valid estimate of the volume of the muscles of the lower leg. (+info)

Lower limb deep venous flow in patients with peripheral vascular disease. (6/775)

PURPOSE: A prospective controlled study was undertaken to determine how peripheral vascular disease (PVD) influences flow in the deep veins of the leg. METHODS: Eighty-nine patients with peripheral vascular disease and 35 age-matched control subjects were studied. The popliteal vein diameter and flow velocity were measured at rest by means of color duplex ultrasound scanning, and these measurements were compared with the ankle-brachial pressure index. For 23 subjects, measurements were also performed during reactive hyperemia and then repeated after venous return from the foot was prevented by an ankle cuff. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the ankle-brachial pressure index and the popliteal vein diameter (r = 0.35, P <.001) but a negative correlation between the ankle-brachial pressure index and venous flow velocity among patients with PVD (r = -0.24, P =.002). In PVD patients the diameter decreased further in reactive hyperemia, whereas it increased in control subjects ( P <.001). Preventing venous return from the foot in PVD patients led to diameter increase at rest and abolished the reduction in diameter caused by reactive hyperemia. Despite the reduction in diameter during reactive hyperemia, flow velocity increased less in patients with PVD than it did in control subjects (P =.01). CONCLUSION: Chronic tissue ischemia results in constriction of the popliteal vein. This appears to be an active process related to the washout of humoral factors from ischemic tissues distally, which leads to an increase in flow velocity. The latter may confer some protection against the deep vein thrombosis that would otherwise tend to occur with low venous flow rates. (+info)

Modulation of stretch reflexes during imposed walking movements of the human ankle. (7/775)

Our overall objectives were to examine the role of peripheral afferents from the ankle in modulating stretch reflexes during imposed walking movements and to assess the mechanical consequences of this reflex activity. Specifically we sought to define the changes in the electromyographic (EMG) and mechanical responses to a stretch as a function of the phase of the step cycle. We recorded the ankle position of a normal subject walking on a treadmill at 3 km/h and used a hydraulic actuator to impose the same movements on supine subjects generating a constant level of ankle torque. Small pulse displacements, superimposed on the simulated walking movement, evoked stretch reflexes at different phases of the cycle. Three major findings resulted: 1) soleus reflex EMG responses were influenced strongly by imposed walking movements. The response amplitude was substantially smaller than that observed during steady-state conditions and was modulated throughout the step cycle. This modulation was qualitatively similar to that observed during active walking. Because central factors were held constant during the imposed walking experiments, we conclude that peripheral mechanisms were capable of both reducing the amplitude of the reflex EMG and producing its modulation throughout the movement. 2) Pulse disturbances applied from early to midstance of the imposed walking cycle generated large reflex torques, suggesting that the stretch reflex could help to resist unexpected perturbations during this phase of walking. In contrast, pulses applied during late stance and swing phase generated little reflex torque. 3) Reflex EMG and reflex torque were modulated differently throughout the imposed walking cycle. In fact, at the time when the reflex EMG response was largest, the corresponding reflex torque was negligible. Thus movement not only changes the reflex EMG but greatly modifies the mechanical output that results. (+info)

The influence of experience on the reproducibility of the ankle-brachial systolic pressure ratio in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. (8/775)

OBJECTIVES: to estimate the intra-observer variability of the measurement of the ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABPI) and to compare the reproducibility of the measurements by experienced vascular laboratory assistants and by less-experienced general practice personnel. DESIGN: repeated measurement of ABPI by general practitioners (GPs), GP-assistants and vascular laboratory assistants using a pocket Doppler device and a random-zero sphygmomanometer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: ABPI was measured in six patients with various degrees of PAOD by two experienced observers (vascular laboratory assistants) and by 24 less-experienced observers (18 practice assistants, six GPs). RESULTS: the total number of measurements was 354. The overall intra-observer variability estimate was 11.8% ABPI. The intra-observer variability was 7.3% in the experienced observers and 12.0% in the less-experienced observers. The difference of variability between experienced and less-experienced observers was significant. CONCLUSIONS: the ABPI is suitable in follow-up studies where repeated measurements are needed. Differences between measurements can be minimised by performing repeated measurements or by using more experienced observers. (+info)

Sprain

"Sprained Ankle". American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society. March 2005. Retrieved 2008-04-01. Ankle Sprains: Healing and ... See sprained ankle for more details. The knee. One of the more talked about sprains is that to the anterior cruciate ligament ( ... It is the most common, and has been said that sprains such as serious ankle sprains are more painful and take longer to heal ... In case of, for example, a sprained ankle, walking should be kept to a minimum. Ice: Ice should be applied immediately to the ...

Ankle replacement

... , or ankle arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the damaged articular surfaces of the human ankle ... Clinical ankle scores, such as the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) or the Manchester Oxford Foot & Ankle ... Ankle Society score (AOFAS) free online calculator Total Ankle Replacement Total Ankle Institute. ... "Prospective Controlled Trial of STAR Total Ankle Replacement Versus Ankle Fusion: Initial Results". Foot & Ankle International ...

Evans technique

Peters, J. W.; Trevino, S. G.; Renstrom, P. A. (1991). "Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability". Foot & Ankle International. 12 (3 ... "Functional Evaluation of the 10-Year Outcome after Modified Evans Repair for Chronic Ankle Instability". Foot & Ankle ... "Repair of the lateral ligaments of the ankle by the Evans technique." J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 58 (1976): S133. EVANS DL (May ... The Evans technique is a surgical procedure to treat the mechanical instability of the lateral ankle ligaments. In the Evans ...

Ottawa ankle rules

"Multicentre trial to introduce the Ottawa ankle rules for use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Multicentre Ankle Rule ... In medicine, the Ottawa ankle rules are a set of guidelines for clinicians to help decide if a patient with foot or ankle pain ... April 2009). "Accuracy of Ottawa Ankle Rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and midfoot in children: a meta-analysis". Acad ... Evidence in systematic reviews supports the Ottawa ankle rules as an accurate instrument for excluding fractures of the ankle ...

Comparative foot morphology

The foot and ankle: biomechanical evaluation and treatment. In: Gould JA, Davies GJ, ed. Orthopaedic and Sports Physical ... whereas the distal limb structures of the ankle and foot have an angulated orientation. In humans and elephants, a vertical- ... the area available for storing and releasing mechanical energy in the muscle tendon units originating proximally to the ankle ...

Sprained ankle

A sprained ankle, also known as a twisted ankle or rolled ankle, is a common injury where sprain occur on one or more ligaments ... The Ottawa ankle rule is a simple, widely used rule to help differentiate fractures of the ankle or mid-foot from other ankle ... there are different types of ankle sprains such as eversion ankle sprains and inversion ankle sprains. Overall, the most common ... strengthening and stretching exercises should be done through a full range of ankle motion. To improve ankle mobility, ankle ...

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view. Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Ankle ...

Ankle pressure

The blood pressure at the ankle is a simple exam for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Often the ankle pressure is divided by ... The patient is placed supine with ankles at heart level. A sphygmomanometer cuff is wrapped around the ankle, and using a ... In a normal subject the pressure at the ankle is equal or slightly higher than arm blood pressure. Unilateral ankle pressure ... Bilateral decrease of ankle pressure can be seen e.g. in aortic disease, and in a young(ish) patient aortic coarctation should ...

Fibula

It extends past the lower end of the tibia and forms the outer part of the ankle providing stability to this joint. It has ... Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Knee and tibiofibular joint.Deep dissection. Anterior view. The fibula does not carry any ... and is classified as ankle fracture. In the Danis-Weber classification it has three categories: Type A: Fracture of the lateral ... and forms the lateral part of the ankle-joint. The bone has the following components: Lateral malleolus Interosseous membrane ...

Ankle

The ankle, or the talocrural region, is the region where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle includes three joints: the ankle ... Ankle joint. Deep dissection Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view. Dorsum ... In common usage, the term ankle refers exclusively to the ankle region. In medical terminology, "ankle" (without qualifiers) ... Thus, a sprained ankle is more likely to occur when the ankle is plantar-flexed, as ligamentous support is more important in ...

Trimalleolar fracture

A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal ... Haraguchi, Naoki; Haruyama, H; Toga, H; Kato, F (2006). "Pathoanatomy of Posterior Malleolar Fractures of the Ankle". The ... Anatomical terms of location Bimalleolar fracture Orthopaedic Trauma Association (September 2007). "Ankle Fractures". AAOS. ... the ankle cannot bear any weight while the bone knits. This typically takes six weeks in an otherwise healthy person, but can ...

Accessory navicular bone

Immobilizing involves placing the foot and ankle in a cast or removable walking boot. This alleviates stressors on the foot and ... An accessory navicular bone is an accessory bone of the foot that occasionally develops abnormally in front of the ankle ... Foot and ankle clinics. 9 (1): 1-23. doi:10.1016/S1083-7515(03)00155-4. PMID 15062212. Media related to Accessory navicular ... mdmercy.com/centers-of-excellence/orthopedics-bone-and-joint/institute-for-foot-and-ankle-reconstruction/conditions-we-treat/ ...

Ankle-brachial pressure index

The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the ... Measurement of ankle blood pressures in a seated position will grossly overestimate the ABI (by approximately 0.3). A Doppler ... In a normal subject the pressure at the ankle is slightly higher than at the elbow (there is reflection of the pulse pressure ... Allison MA, Hiatt WR, Hirsch AT, Coll JR, Criqui MH (April 2008). "A high ankle-brachial index is associated with increased ...

Ankle brace

An ankle brace is a garment that is worn around the ankle to protect it or for immobilization while allowing it to heal. Ankle ... weak muscles in the ankle, among others. In rehabilitation are used to immobilize the ankle in a neutral position, which " ... They are common in injury rehabilitation processes that affect the ankle, being made of rigid fabric such nylon and neoprene ... They are indicated for ankle trauma with small fractures or without fracture, immobilization of the joint, postoperative ...

Tibia

Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Ankle ... Ankle joint. Deep dissection Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view Bones of ... The part of the ankle joint known as the talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia ... The tibia is a part of four joints; the knee, ankle, superior and inferior tibiofibular joint. In the knee the tibia forms one ...

Navicular bone

ISBN 978-87-628-0307-7. "Top Rated Foot Surgeons - Foot & Ankle Institute in Baltimore- Mercy". "Wheeless' Textbook of ...

Lateral collateral ligament of ankle joint

The lateral collateral ligament of ankle joint (or external lateral ligament of the ankle-joint) are ligaments of the ankle ... The most common ligament involved in ankle sprain is the anterior talofibular ligament. posterior talofibular ligament The ...

Avulsion fracture

Surgery of the Foot and Ankle. 2 (6th ed.). St Louis: Mosby-Year Book. pp. 1627-1640. Rothschild, B., Tanke, D. H., and Ford, T ...

Ankle fracture

In children ankle fractures occur in about 1 per 1000 per year. Symptoms of an ankle fracture can be similar to those of ankle ... An ankle fracture is a break of the ankle bones. It is typically diagnosed by X-ray. Treatment is with splinting, casting or ... A triplane fracture of the ankle as seen on plain X-ray A triplane fracture of the ankle as seen on CT A triplane fracture of ... Ankle Injuries: A Sprained Ankle? Radiology Cases in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Volume 3, Case 3 Alson S. Inaba MD Kapiolani ...

Ankle monitor

An ankle monitor (also known as a tether, or ankle bracelet) is a homing device that defendants under house arrest or parole ... Ankle monitors are designed to be tamper-resistant and can alert authorities to removal attempts, such as cutting the band ... GPS units are similar in design, but the offender also carries a GPS cell phone unit that receives a signal from the ankle unit ... At all times, the ankle monitor sends a radio frequency signal containing location and other information to a receiver. If an ...

Ankle Hill

... and Ankle Hill Is Called Ankle Hill due to the blood at The bottom of The Hill was up to peoples ankles. The original Ankle ... Ankle Hill is a hill located in the centre of Melton Mowbray, in Leicestershire. In The Civil War, The Town Of Melton Mowbray ...

Ankle flare

When this flare occurs around the ankle, it is called an ankle flare. The condition is also known as a malleolar flare, in ... Ankle flares are often caused by venous ulcer, due to deep vein thrombosis or varicose veins. It is considered to be an early ... reference to the malleolus, the bony prominence on each side of the ankle. ...

Footballer's ankle

... is a pinching or impingement of the ligaments or tendons of the ankle between the bones, particularly the ... pain and tenderness over anterior ankle joint - pain on dorsiflexion and plantar flexion - band of pain across anterior ankle ... soft tissue techniques to stretch muscles crossing the ankle to relieve tension - mobilisation of ankle joint - steroid ... This bone spur may then begin to impact on the soft tissue at the front of the ankle, causing inflammation and swelling. The ...

Ankle tap

An ankle-tap or tap-tackle is a form of tackle used in both codes of rugby and gridiron football. It is used when the player ...

Black Ankle

... may refer to: Black Ankle, North Carolina, an unincorporated community in Montgomery County Black Ankle, Texas, an ...

JCM | Free Full-Text | Factors Affecting Ankle Support Device Usage in Young Basketball Players

Strategies aimed at increasing players willingness to wear ankle protection should be emphasized among coaches and parents as ... personal history of ankle injury, influence of coach to preventive action) that may affect an athletes decision to wear ASDs. ... as were athletes who perceived ankle injuries to be severe (OR: 2.77; 95% CI: 1.04, 7.37). Previous injury did not ... This cross-sectional study explores factors affecting the decision of basketball players to wear ankle support devices (ASDs). ...

http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/2/2/22

King Brand Ankle Injury Treatment

ankle injury symptoms are ankle pain and swelling. A sore ankle can be helped with ankle exercises although ankle exercises ... Coldcure will help with ankle pain. You can cure ankle pain and a ankle injury with BFST and coldcure technology. Some ankle ... There are many symptoms of ankle pain caused by ankle injuries. Treatment for a ankle injury will cause your ankle pain to ... This heals the injured ankle but the pain in your ankle after surgery can be severe. The best ankle injury treatment is BFST. ...

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Ankle/Foot Injury - West Wickham Osteopaths

Osteopathic examination of lower limb biomechanics may lead to a fast recovery from an ongoing foot or ankle problem. ... West Wickham Osteopaths treatments for ankle and foot injury can be very beneficial. ... Ankle Injury. Osteopath treatments for ankle and foot injury can be very beneficial. Osteopathic examination of lower limb ... The foot and ankle joint are made up of many small bones and a network of complex tendons and ligaments. These can become ...

http://www.westwickhamosteopathy.co.uk/ankle-injury/

Knee, Ankle, Foot Injuries | Official Hurt Trucker™ Site

Official Hurt Trucker™ Site » TRUCKING INJURIES » Knee, Ankle, Foot Injuries. Knee, Ankle, Foot Injuries. Knee, ankle, and foot ... If your knee, ankle or foot injury has reached the point where it is difficult for you to do your job, it is time to call us. ... If your knee, ankle, or foot injury resulted from a work related accident, or was caused by the negligence of a third party, we ... Serious leg, ankle, and foot injuries can be excruciatingly painful for a trucker who must drive day-after-day with few breaks ...

https://hurttrucker.com/trucking-injuries/knee-ankle-foot-injuries/

Relationship of body mass index, ankle dorsiflexion, and foot pronation on plantar fascia thickness in healthy, asymptomatic...

Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion showed no correlation at either location. Foot pronation showed an inverse correlation with ... Physical examination was also performed to assess body mass index, ankle joint dorsiflexion, and degree of foot pronation in ... Relationship of body mass index, ankle dorsiflexion, and foot pronation on plantar fascia thickness in healthy, asymptomatic ... Relationship of body mass index, ankle dorsiflexion, and foot pronation on plantar fascia thickness in healthy, asymptomatic ...

http://abacus.universidadeuropea.es/handle/11268/5473

Risk factors of diabetic foot Charcot arthropathy: a case-control study at a Malaysian tertiary care centre | SMJ

J Foot Ankle Surg. . 2006. ;. 4. :. 5 Suppl. S1. -. S66. .. 15. Abbott CA, Malik RA, van Ross ER, Kulkarni J, Boulton AJ. ... J Foot Ankle Surg. . 2004. ;. 43. :. 87. -. 92. .. 14. Frykberg RG, Zgonis T, Armstrong DG, et al. Diabetic Foot Disorders. A ... Diabet Foot Ankle. . 2013. ;. 4. :.. 9. Molines L, Darmon P, Raccah D.. Charcots foot: newest findings on its pathophysiology ... Foot Ankle Surg. . 2009. ;. 187. -. 91. .. 7. Jeffcoate W.. Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy.. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. . 2008. ; ...

http://www.smj.org.sg/article/risk-factors-diabetic-foot-charcot-arthropathy-case-control-study-malaysian-tertiary-care

Ankle replacement - Wikipedia

Ankle replacement, or ankle arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the damaged articular surfaces of the human ankle ... Clinical ankle scores, such as the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) or the Manchester Oxford Foot & Ankle ... "Prospective Controlled Trial of STAR Total Ankle Replacement Versus Ankle Fusion: Initial Results". Foot & Ankle International ... Mann, J.A.; Mann, R.A.; Horton, E. (2011). "STAR ankle: long-term results". Foot Ankle International. 32 (5): S473-484. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankle_replacement

Ankle Sprains

Find out how to avoid ankle sprains and what to do if you get one. ... A sprained ankle is a very common injury that happens when the ligaments that support the ankle get overly stretched or torn. ... The persons ankle will feel loose and unsteady and early on the person probably wont be able to put any weight on the ankle. ... What Causes a Sprained Ankle?. Most ankle sprains happen when people turn or twist too fast and too far, or when the foot rolls ...

http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ankle-sprains.html

Ankle Socks

Browse our Ankle Socks selection for colors, prints, and patterns you will love. ... Gap is your source with a fashionable Ankle Socks collection that is always quality made. ...

https://www.gap.com/products/ankle-socks-womens-C1089081.jsp

X-Ray Exam: Ankle

... or deformity of the ankle joint. It can also detect broken bones or a dislocated joint. ... An ankle X-ray can help find the cause of symptoms such as pain, tenderness, and swelling, ... An ankle X-ray is a safe and painless test that uses a small amount of radiation to make an image of the ankle. The ankle joint ... An ankle X-ray can help find the cause of symptoms such as pain, tenderness, and swelling, or deformity of the ankle joint. It ...

http://kidshealth.org/VidantMedicalCenter/en/parents/xray-ankle.html

Ankle-brachial pressure index - Wikipedia

The ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) or ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the blood pressure at the ankle to the ... March 2006). "The long-term prognostic value of the resting and postexercise ankle-brachial index". Arch. Intern. Med. 166 (5 ... In a normal subject the pressure at the ankle is slightly higher than at the elbow (there is reflection of the pulse pressure ... Measurement of ankle blood pressures in a seated position will grossly overestimate the ABI (by approximately 0.3). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankle%E2%80%93brachial_pressure_index

Ankle and Foot

The ankle joint is formed by the union of the lower leg bones - the tibia and fibula - and the talus bone (one of a group of ... These bones also act as a lever to increase the strength of the muscles acting on the ankle joint, allowing the body to easily ... The bones of the ankle and foot form the most distal region of the lower limb in the appendicular skeleton. These bones are ... The fibula is united to the bones of the foot on the lateral side of the ankle by the anterior and posterior talofibular ...

https://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/skeletal/leg-foot/ankle-foot

Cashmere Ankle Trousers

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Stable Ankle Fractures

... the ankle joint itself remains well positioned and stable. ... Stable ankle fractures involve a fracture of the outside bone ... of the ankle joint (the fibula). However, although the outside bone is fractured, ... Stable Ankle Fractures. Stable ankle fractures involve a fracture of the outside bone of the ankle joint (the fibula). However ... Foot & Ankle Surgeons. See our foot & ankle surgeons below and use the button to see our entire team, including Advanced ...

https://www.massgeneral.org/orthopaedics/foot-ankle/conditions-and-treatments/ankle-fractures-stable

Help!!! Ankle!!!? | Yahoo Answers

What happened was the shoe fell over, and the outside of my ankle hit the floor really hard. So, right after that I went to the ... So after that I could barely stand my ankle being bent or straitened more than 45 degrees. Now I can barely walk. I am going to ... so I hurt my ankle a little bit by pushing off a wall (while swimming) wrong. That made it hurt a little bit, but not much. ... Help!!! Ankle!!!?. O.k. so I hurt my ankle a little bit by pushing off a wall (while swimming) wrong. That made it hurt a ...

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080130174349AAHIRUh

DOWNLOAD: Ankle

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Ankle Joint

Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Ankle Joint in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes 1000s of ... Ankle Joint. Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Ankle Joint in minutes with SmartDraw. SmartDraw includes ... Ankle Joint. Lateral view of the right ankle joint showing the relative positions of skeletal structures and ligaments. ...

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Foot and Ankle - Google Books

... and orthotics and proceeds to the specific problems encountered in the foot and ankle clinic. A chapter on arthroscopy is also ... this volume of our Orthopaedic Surgery Essentials Series presents all the information residents need during foot and ankle ... Written by rising stars in the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, ... abductor hallucis Achilles tendon Achilles tendon rupture ankle joint anterolateral artery arthritis arthrodesis arthroscopic ...

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Red Ankle Trousers

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Ankle Sprains | HealthCentral

... the tearing or excessive stretching of the ligaments that hold the ankle bones in position. Description Of all the joints in ... Definition The usual ankle injury is a sprain - ... Have the ankles been injured?. Will I need x-rays to tell what ... A moderate ankle sprain may require 3 to 6 weeks of rehabilitation before the area is fully healed, and a severe ankle sprain ... The usual ankle injury is a sprain - the tearing or excessive stretching of the ligaments that hold the ankle bones in position ...

https://www.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/ankle-sprains

Ankle Gout | Ankle Diseases

Learn about diseases that can impact the ankle. ... Many conditions affect the ankle including arthritis and gout ... Arthritis and Diseases that Affect the Ankle. From joint inflammation to sprains, problems that may be to blame for ankle pain. ... In some people with lupus, arthritis affects the ankles. However, swelling of the ankles may be a sign of kidney involvement. ... Home > About Arthritis > Where It Hurts > Ankle Pain > Causes > Diseases that Affect the Ankle ...

https://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/where-it-hurts/ankle-pain/causes/ankle-diseases.php

Ankle Mimic - Goodsearch & Goodshop

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Ankle Pain | Buzzle.com

Foot and Ankle Pain. More often than not, pain in the foot and ankle is caused due to ankle sprains. This write-up provides ... Ankle Ligament Injury. An ankle ligament injury usually occurs due to a sudden twist in the ankle. In this article, we will ... Ankle Pain While Running. Ankle sprains, tendinitis, as well as minor injuries to the ankle are some of the possible causes of ... Swollen Ankles Treatment. Swollen ankles can be caused by either injury or due to the accumulation of excess fluid in the ankle ...

https://www.buzzle.com/articles/ankle-pain/

Busted Ankle | Travel Channel

A water stunt gone wrong leaves Austins left foot in 2 parts.

https://www.travelchannel.com/videos/busted-ankle-0181086

Ankle 'collapses' - Orthopedics - MedHelp

Ive noticed several times recently that my ankle fails when I am walking. Its happened a few times as Ive been descending ... Ankle collapses CamV Ive noticed several times recently that my ankle fails when I am walking. Its happened a few times as ... Ankle collapses. Ive noticed several times recently that my ankle fails when I am walking. Its happened a few times as Ive ... im 17 and have collapsesing ankles. i started seeing it when i was about 14. i have pain in my ankles when i walk and when i ...

https://www.medhelp.org/posts/Orthopedics/Ankle-collapses/show/357439

The standard Doctor's direction for most ankle injuries is to rest the injury and let it heal over time. (kingbrand.com)
King Brand Healthcare Products manufactures a line of BFST ® wraps and ColdCure ® medical devices that are specifically designed for patients that require better than normal care for their ankle injuries. (kingbrand.com)
Patients enjoy the support BFST ® wraps provide their ankle injuries and appreciate that they are healing - patients like wearing them , they know its helping them heal. (kingbrand.com)
Knee, ankle, and foot injuries can be debilitating and can take a truck driver months - or even years - to recover from, and with certain injuries full recovery is not possible. (hurttrucker.com)
Serious leg, ankle, and foot injuries can be excruciatingly painful for a trucker who must drive day-after-day with few breaks or opportunities to for physical therapy. (hurttrucker.com)

BFST ® stimulates blood flow through the ankle tendons while the patient is at rest. (kingbrand.com)

Doctors usually recommend patients try to stay off their ankle for a period of time and to take something for the pain. (kingbrand.com)

While promoting blood flow at rest is fundamental to rapid recovery, controlling inflammation and pain are also very important for treating an ankle injury. (kingbrand.com)

If you have suffered a serious knee, ankle, or foot injury, don't try to tough it out. (hurttrucker.com)
If your knee, ankle or foot injury has reached the point where it is difficult for you to do your job, it is time to call us. (hurttrucker.com)
If your knee, ankle, or foot injury resulted from a work related accident, or was caused by the negligence of a third party, we will help you recover the compensation you are owed. (hurttrucker.com)

The BFST ® device is designed to be worn even when turned off to help protect the ankle from reinjury and this goes a long way towards shortening the recovery time. (kingbrand.com)

Poor understanding of the functions of the structures guiding ankle motion in the natural joint (ligaments and articular surfaces), and poor restoration of these functions in the replaced joint may be responsible for the complications and revisions. (wikipedia.org)
It happens when the ligaments that support the ankle get overly stretched or torn. (kidshealth.org)
This is a moderate sprain where ligaments tear partly, making the ankle joint feel loose. (kidshealth.org)
If your doctor wants you to come in for an office visit, he or she will examine your ankle to see which ligaments have been injured. (kidshealth.org)
In rare cases, an ankle sprain involves a severe injury to the ligaments or joint and your doctor may order an MRI to evaluate the injury in more detail. (kidshealth.org)
Most ankle sprains happen when people turn or twist too fast and too far, or when the foot rolls onto its side, injuring the ligaments that connect the ankle and leg bones. (kidshealth.org)
With this type of sprain, the ankle turns so the sole of the foot is facing inwards, stretching and possibly damaging the ligaments on the outer part of the ankle. (kidshealth.org)
This damages the ligaments on the inside of a person's ankle. (kidshealth.org)
A stress X-ray may also be done to check how tightly the ligaments are holding the ankle together. (kidshealth.org)
The fibula is united to the bones of the foot on the lateral side of the ankle by the anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments and the calcaneofibular ligament. (innerbody.com)
All of these ligaments work together to limit extreme movements and dislocations of the ankle joint while providing slight lateral flexibility that helps the body walk on uneven surfaces and maintain its balance. (innerbody.com)
Lateral view of the right ankle joint showing the relative positions of skeletal structures and ligaments. (smartdraw.com)
The usual ankle injury is a sprain - the tearing or excessive stretching of the ligaments that hold the ankle bones in position. (healthcentral.com)
When the ligaments that stabilize the ankle are overstretched or torn, the result is a sprained ankle, one of the most common exercise-related injuries. (healthcentral.com)
Even sedentary people are vulnerable, since inactivity causes the muscles that support the ankle and protect the ligaments to lose strength and elasticity. (healthcentral.com)
These occur when the foot abruptly turns inward, putting tremendous stress on the ligaments on the outside of the ankle. (healthcentral.com)
Soreness is mainly caused due to injury and inflammation in the muscles, tissues, tendons, joints and ligaments of the ankles. (buzzle.com)
Hi, Please consult an Orthopaedician,it can be due to laxity of ligaments at the ankle joint,Treat it at once befor it becomes too lax.Wear a creep bandage to support your ankle joint.Do a thorough blood work.Are you wearing right size footwear? (medhelp.org)
Your ankle is an intricate network of bones, ligaments, tendons and muscles. (mayoclinic.org)
An ankle sprain is an injury to the ligaments, which connect bones to one another. (medlineplus.gov)
In most cases, the ankle is twisted inward, causing small tears in the ligaments. (medlineplus.gov)
Several ligaments in the ankle help keep it stable and allow it to move. (medlineplus.gov)
The ankle joint is bound by the strong deltoid ligament and three lateral ligaments: the anterior talofibular ligament, the posterior talofibular ligament, and the calcaneofibular ligament. (wikipedia.org)
A sprained ankle, also known as a twisted ankle or rolled ankle, is a common injury where sprain occur on one or more ligaments of the ankle. (wikipedia.org)
Returning to activity before the ligaments have fully healed may cause them to heal in a stretched position, resulting in less stability at the ankle joint. (wikipedia.org)
Ankle sprains occur usually through excessive stress on the ligaments of the ankle. (wikipedia.org)
When this type of ankle sprain happens, the outer, or lateral, ligaments are stretched too much. (wikipedia.org)
When the ankle becomes inverted, the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments are damaged. (wikipedia.org)
A high ankle sprain is an injury to the large ligaments above the ankle that join together the two long bones of the lower leg, called the tibia and fibula. (wikipedia.org)

The person's ankle will feel loose and unsteady and early on the person probably won't be able to put any weight on the ankle. (kidshealth.org)
Often they will not be able to bear weight on the ankle, although in some cases they may be able to walk with significant pain. (massgeneral.org)
If the swelling and pain are slight and you can put weight on the ankle, the sprain is mild and you may not need medical attention. (healthcentral.com)

These injuries are equivalent to a severe ankle sprain. (massgeneral.org)
If you heard a popping sound when you sprained your ankle, if the ankle looks abnormally bent, and/or if the swelling is severe and the skin discolored, you should suspect a severe sprain or even a fracture and see a doctor or go the emergency room as soon as possible. (healthcentral.com)
A moderate ankle sprain may require 3 to 6 weeks of rehabilitation before the area is fully healed, and a severe ankle sprain can take 8 to 12 months. (healthcentral.com)
If running is your favorite way to exercise, and if you often experience severe pain in your ankles after running, then read this Buzzle article to understand why ankles hurt after running. (buzzle.com)
You should see your doctor for severe ankle pain, especially if it follows an injury. (mayoclinic.org)
Right foot, housed in an air brace, has become swollen as a result of a more severe 2nd degree sprain to the ankle. (wikipedia.org)

In about 90 percent of people with rheumatoid arthritis, the joints of the feet are ankles are affected. (arthritis.org)

Chronic ankle instability. (medlineplus.gov)
This can lead to a condition known as Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI), and an increased risk of ankle sprains. (wikipedia.org)

The medial malleolus of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the fibula form a cup surrounding the rounded tarsus to prevent lateral movement at the ankle joint. (innerbody.com)
Stable ankle fractures involve a fracture of the outside bone of the ankle joint (the fibula). (massgeneral.org)
Plain x-rays of the ankle joint will identify a fracture (Figure 1) of the outer bone of the ankle (the fibula). (massgeneral.org)

An ankle X-ray can help find the cause of symptoms such as pain, tenderness, and swelling, or deformity of the ankle joint. (kidshealth.org)
The symptoms of an ankle sprain are pain, tenderness, and swelling, usually occurring within the first few minutes of the injury. (healthcentral.com)

Using tape, ankle braces, or high-top shoes may be helpful if you're prone to ankle sprains. (kidshealth.org)
If you are prone to ankle pain or twisting your ankle during certain activities, use ankle support braces. (medlineplus.gov)

The ankle will feel painful, and may stay swollen for a while. (kidshealth.org)
Swollen ankles refer to the unnatural fluid buildup between the body cells of the ankle and feet. (buzzle.com)
Swollen ankles is a result of abnormal accumulation of fluid in the legs. (buzzle.com)
Swollen ankles can be caused by either injury or due to the accumulation of excess fluid in the ankle joints due to certain diseases and conditions. (buzzle.com)
Swollen feet and ankles is a common problem faced by many elderly people. (buzzle.com)
Swollen ankles of feet is often attributed to fluid retention. (buzzle.com)
It is not uncommon to see people experiencing swollen ankles after surgery. (buzzle.com)
Ankle edema or swollen ankles and feet are caused by a range of factors including diseases such as gout, arthritis, certain medication, and pregnancy. (buzzle.com)
Tissues in your ankle can become swollen and sore from overuse. (medlineplus.gov)

A less common type of ankle sprain is called an eversion injury, affecting the medial side of the foot. (wikipedia.org)

In the following decade, the disappointing results of long-term follow-up clinical studies of the pioneering designs has left ankle arthrodesis as the surgical treatment of choice for these patients. (wikipedia.org)
There was also a smaller rash area on my left ankle. (medhelp.org)

About 2 months ago I developed a rash on my right ankle and the back of my right leg. (medhelp.org)

Use crutches or a cane to help take the weight off a sore or unsteady ankle. (medlineplus.gov)

Since the early 1970s, the disadvantages of ankle arthrodesis and the excellent results attained by arthroplasty at other human joints have encouraged numerous prosthesis designs also for the ankle . (wikipedia.org)
Of all the joints in the body, none is as complex as the ankle. (healthcentral.com)
Subsequent attacks may occur off and on in other joints, including the ankles. (arthritis.org)
Pseudogout most commonly affects the knees, but it can also affect other joints, including the ankles. (arthritis.org)
The ankles, knees and joints of the feet often are the first joints affected by reactive arthritis. (arthritis.org)
In some cases skin thickening over the joints, such as the ankle, can cause joint stiffness. (arthritis.org)
The ankle includes three joints: the ankle joint proper or talocrural joint, the subtalar joint, and the inferior tibiofibular joint. (wikipedia.org)
The ankle is composed of three joints: the talocrural joint (also called talotibial joint, tibiotalar joint, talar mortise, talar joint), the subtalar joint (also called talocalcaneal), and the Inferior tibiofibular joint. (wikipedia.org)

Strong enough to bear your body weight and enable you to move, your ankle can be prone to injury and pain. (mayoclinic.org)

Psoriatic arthritis commonly involves the ankle. (arthritis.org)
Ankle pain involves any discomfort in one or both ankles. (medlineplus.gov)

A sprained ankle is a very common injury for teens - athletes and non-athletes alike. (kidshealth.org)
If your ankle hurts enough after an injury that you need to call a doctor, the office staff will probably ask questions over the phone about how you injured it and what it feels like. (kidshealth.org)
Patients will usually report a twisting injury to the ankle. (massgeneral.org)
Not all sprained ankles need to have x-rays to determine the nature of the injury. (healthcentral.com)
Apply the ice pack to the ankle 4 to 8 times a day for 20 minutes at a time (not longer due to possible cold injury and frostbite). (healthcentral.com)
Any injury to the ankles, or sometimes ever overuse can cause ankle pain. (buzzle.com)
Even a relatively benign ankle injury can be quite painful, at least at first. (mayoclinic.org)
You will need to start exercises to strengthen your ankle and avoid injury in the future. (medlineplus.gov)
This can form after an injury to the ankle. (medlineplus.gov)

The foot may be rolled to the inside similar to an ankle sprain, or the foot may be fixed on the ground while the body rotates around it. (massgeneral.org)
This happens when the foot, instead of the ankle rotating medially resulting in an inversion (the foot being rolling to the inside), the ankle rotates laterally resulting in an eversion (when the foot rolls to the outside). (wikipedia.org)

Ankle arthroscopy is surgery that uses a tiny camera and surgical tools to examine or repair the tissues inside or around your ankle. (medlineplus.gov)
Arthroscopy allows the surgeon to explore what is causing your ankle pain. (medlineplus.gov)

Ankle pain and swelling can be caused by various medical conditions that can range from an infection through an open wound, an early symptom of diabetes, to water-retention. (buzzle.com)

The outcome of an ankle replacement includes factors like ankle function, pain, revision and implant survival. (wikipedia.org)
If you repeatedly sprain the same ankle or feel pain for more than 4 to 6 weeks, you may have what's called a chronic sprain . (kidshealth.org)
They are associated with pain, resulting in it being very difficult or even impossible to walk on the ankle. (massgeneral.org)
In either case, patients will describe pain and swelling in their ankle. (massgeneral.org)
Licensed acupuncturist, certified massage therapist, and trigger point specialist Valerie DeLaune presents Trigger Point Therapy for Foot, Ankle, Knee, and Leg Pain, the first book to offer trigger point therapy techniques specifically for these t. (tradebit.com)
There are several different types of juvenile arthritis that can cause pain and swelling in the ankles. (arthritis.org)
No swelling accompanying this ankle pain is considered to be a relatively good sign, as it may heal without any medical treatment. (buzzle.com)
Ankle pain is a common problem experienced by many people while walking on a treadmill or on an inclined surface. (buzzle.com)
There are ample medical conditions responsible for pain in ankles. (buzzle.com)
Suffering from chronic ankle pain is not only a discomforting condition but also a cause of concern. (buzzle.com)
Ankle pain is a painful and unpleasant experience that can keep you awake the entire night. (buzzle.com)
Ankle pain after running can be a huge deterrent in your daily exercise routine. (buzzle.com)
i have pain in my ankles when i walk and when i run but what i have noticed is when i weare me shoes instead of sandles my ankls dont bother me as much. (medhelp.org)
How to bounce back fast from an ankle sprain - and stay pain free. (medhelp.org)
Although mild ankle pain often responds well to home treatments, it can take time to resolve. (mayoclinic.org)
Even with the best of care, you may have some ankle swelling, stiffness or pain, particularly first thing in the morning or after you've been active, for several weeks. (mayoclinic.org)
Ankle pain is often due to an ankle sprain. (medlineplus.gov)
Home care for ankle pain depends on the cause and what other treatment or surgery has taken place. (medlineplus.gov)
As the swelling and pain improve, you may still need to keep extra weight stress off your ankle for a period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
Once the pain and swelling are mostly gone, the injured ankle will still be a little weaker and less stable than the uninjured ankle. (medlineplus.gov)
Your leg and ankle area will be numbed so that you do not feel any pain. (medlineplus.gov)
Keep your ankle elevated above your heart for 2 to 3 days to help reduce swelling and pain. (medlineplus.gov)

Ice is used to decrease the blood flow to the ankle and therefore decrease the swelling. (massgeneral.org)
Compressing the ankle with tape or elastic bandage helps control the bleeding and swelling, as does Elevation of the foot. (healthcentral.com)
However, swelling of the ankles may be a sign of kidney involvement. (arthritis.org)
Swelling in the legs and ankles can be a symptom of a number of health issues. (buzzle.com)

Clinical ankle scores, such as the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) or the Manchester Oxford Foot & Ankle Questionnaire are outcome rating system for ankle replacements. (wikipedia.org)
But one day she stepped on another player's foot and turned her ankle badly. (kidshealth.org)
Sprained ankles can happen when you step in a hole, slip walking downhill, or just put your weight down on your foot awkwardly. (kidshealth.org)
Musculoskeletal Examination of the Foot and Ankle: Making the Complex Simple provides a quick and thorough review of the most common pathologic foot and ankle conditions, techniques for diagnosis, as well as the appropriate treatment for each cond. (tradebit.com)
books.google.com - Written by rising stars in the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, this volume of our Orthopaedic Surgery Essentials Series presents all the information residents need during foot and ankle surgery rotations. (google.com)
Coverage begins with anatomy, biomechanics, physical examination, and orthotics and proceeds to the specific problems encountered in the foot and ankle clinic. (google.com)
Overview of foot and ankle disorders. (mayoclinic.org)
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/foot-and-ankle-disorders/overview-of-foot-and-ankle-disorders. (mayoclinic.org)
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: "Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle," "Orthopaedics. (webmd.com)
The ankle, or the talocrural region, is the region where the foot and the leg meet. (wikipedia.org)
As a region, the ankle is found at the junction of the leg and the foot. (wikipedia.org)
Movements - especially turning, and rolling of the foot - are the primary cause of an ankle sprain. (wikipedia.org)
The most common type of ankle sprain occurs when the foot is inverted too much, affecting the lateral side of the foot. (wikipedia.org)

For these ladies, the Walking Dead Women's 3-Pack Team Daryl Ankle Socks will make them very happy. (geekalerts.com)

Your doctor will probably recommend avoiding weight bearing on the ankle for some time, and the use of crutches. (healthcentral.com)

University of Washington Medicine Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine: "Ankle Arthritis. (webmd.com)

You may need a brace to support the ankle or a boot to rest your ankle. (medlineplus.gov)
Thus, a sprained ankle is more likely to occur when the ankle is plantar-flexed, as ligamentous support is more important in this position. (wikipedia.org)

Inspects all the tissues of your ankle. (medlineplus.gov)

It is happening a lot,my ankles and knees do pop a lot so I was thinking maybe it is from excess cartilige growth.Any thoughts? (dailystrength.org)

Ankle cramps are common to a number of people. (buzzle.com)
In common usage, the term ankle refers exclusively to the ankle region. (wikipedia.org)
This is the most common ankle sprain. (wikipedia.org)

Non-Achilles ankle tendinopathy. (mayoclinic.org)

The best way to heal a broken ankle is by taking proper treatment and following a healthy diet. (buzzle.com)

Here are some diseases that can affect the ankles. (arthritis.org)

So after that I could barely stand my ankle being bent or straitened more than 45 degrees. (yahoo.com)

Three different pictures are taken: one from the front (anteroposterior view, or AP) of the ankle, one from the side (lateral view, or lat), and one at an angle (internal oblique or mortise view). (kidshealth.org)
The bony arch formed by the tibial plafond and the two malleoli is referred to as the ankle "mortise" (or talar mortise). (wikipedia.org)

Always warm up and use the recommended stretching techniques for your ankles before playing sports, exercising, or doing any other kind of physical activity. (kidshealth.org)