AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
AnisotropyFluorescence PolarizationDiffusion Tensor ImagingDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingNerve Fibers, MyelinatedCorpus CallosumDiphenylhexatrieneInternal CapsuleImage Processing, Computer-AssistedBrainMembrane FluiditySpectrometry, FluorescenceDiffusionPyramidal TractsImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedFluorescent DyesBrain MappingNeural PathwaysIsothiocyanatesMathematicsLiquid CrystalsRotationMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMagneticsBiophysical PhenomenaBiophysicsTryptophanFornix, BrainCerebrumEosine Yellowish-(YS)Lipid BilayersNaphthalenesulfonatesProtein ConformationImage EnhancementMolecular ConformationEnergy TransferPolymorphism, Single NucleotideForaminiferaDimyristoylphosphatidylcholineViscosityThermodynamicsPhosphatidylcholinesMicroscopy, PolarizationElasticityAlgorithmsImaging, Three-DimensionalTemperatureModels, ChemicalComputer SimulationBirefringenceModels, MolecularStress, MechanicalPhenylketonuria, MaternalReproducibility of ResultsFrontal LobeMechanical ProcessesBiomechanical PhenomenaSurgical EquipmentFunctional LateralityProtein BindingFluorescenceMembrane LipidsOrientationDecanoatesFluorescence Resonance Energy TransferModels, BiologicalErythrosineSensitivity and SpecificityNeuroimagingFluoresceinDiffuse Axonal Injury1,2-DipalmitoylphosphatidylcholineTensile Strength
Anisotropy
A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions.
Fluorescence Polarization
Measurement of the polarization of fluorescent light from solutions or microscopic specimens. It is used to provide information concerning molecular size, shape, and conformation, molecular anisotropy, electronic energy transfer, molecular interaction, including dye and coenzyme binding, and the antigen-antibody reaction.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
The use of diffusion ANISOTROPY data from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging results to construct images based on the direction of the faster diffusing molecules.
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
A diagnostic technique that incorporates the measurement of molecular diffusion (such as water or metabolites) for tissue assessment by MRI. The degree of molecular movement can be measured by changes of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with time, as reflected by tissue microstructure. Diffusion MRI has been used to study BRAIN ISCHEMIA and tumor response to treatment.
Nerve Fibers, Myelinated
A class of nerve fibers as defined by their structure, specifically the nerve sheath arrangement. The AXONS of the myelinated nerve fibers are completely encased in a MYELIN SHEATH. They are fibers of relatively large and varied diameters. Their NEURAL CONDUCTION rates are faster than those of the unmyelinated nerve fibers (NERVE FIBERS, UNMYELINATED). Myelinated nerve fibers are present in somatic and autonomic nerves.
Corpus Callosum
Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all lobes with corresponding regions of the opposite hemisphere. The corpus callosum is located deep in the longitudinal fissure.
Diphenylhexatriene
A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.
Internal Capsule
WHITE MATTER pathway, flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers projecting between the WHITE MATTER and the BRAINSTEM. It consists of three distinct parts: an anterior limb, posterior limb, and genu.
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Membrane Fluidity
The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.
Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.
Diffusion
The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.
Pyramidal Tracts
Fibers that arise from cells within the cerebral cortex, pass through the medullary pyramid, and descend in the spinal cord. Many authorities say the pyramidal tracts include both the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts.
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.
Fluorescent Dyes
Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.
Brain Mapping
Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.
Neural Pathways
Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.
Isothiocyanates
Organic compounds with the general formula R-NCS.
Mathematics
The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Liquid Crystals
Materials in intermediate state between solid and liquid.
Rotation
Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Magnetics
The study of MAGNETIC PHENOMENA.
Biophysical Phenomena
The physical characteristics and processes of biological systems.
Biophysics
The study of PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and PHYSICAL PROCESSES as applied to living things.
Tryptophan
An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.
Fornix, Brain
Heavily myelinated fiber bundle of the TELENCEPHALON projecting from the hippocampal formation to the HYPOTHALAMUS. Some authorities consider the fornix part of the LIMBIC SYSTEM. The fimbria starts as a flattened band of axons arising from the subiculum and HIPPOCAMPUS, which then thickens to form the fornix.
Cerebrum
Derived from TELENCEPHALON, cerebrum is composed of a right and a left hemisphere. Each contains an outer cerebral cortex and a subcortical basal ganglia. The cerebrum includes all parts within the skull except the MEDULLA OBLONGATA, the PONS, and the CEREBELLUM. Cerebral functions include sensorimotor, emotional, and intellectual activities.
Eosine Yellowish-(YS)
A versatile red dye used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, etc., and as tissue stain, vital stain, and counterstain with HEMATOXYLIN. It is also used in special culture media.
Lipid Bilayers
Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.
Naphthalenesulfonates
A class of organic compounds that contains a naphthalene moiety linked to a sulfonic acid salt or ester.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Image Enhancement
Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.
Molecular Conformation
The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.
Energy Transfer
The transfer of energy of a given form among different scales of motion. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed). It includes the transfer of kinetic energy and the transfer of chemical energy. The transfer of chemical energy from one molecule to another depends on proximity of molecules so it is often used as in techniques to measure distance such as the use of FORSTER RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER.
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.
Foraminifera
An order of amoeboid EUKARYOTES characterized by reticulating pseudopods and a complex life cycle with an alternation of generations. Most are less than 1mm in size and found in marine or brackish water.
Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes.
Viscosity
The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
Phosphatidylcholines
Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.
Microscopy, Polarization
Microscopy using polarized light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarized light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable.
Elasticity
Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.
Algorithms
A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.
Temperature
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Models, Chemical
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Computer Simulation
Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.
Birefringence
The property of nonisotropic media, such as crystals, whereby a single incident beam of light traverses the medium as two beams, each plane-polarized, the planes being at right angles to each other. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Stress, Mechanical
A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.
Phenylketonuria, Maternal
A condition occurring in untreated or partially treated females with PHENYLKETONURIA when they become pregnant. This may result in damages to the FETUS, including MICROCEPHALY; MENTAL RETARDATION; congenital heart disease; FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION; and CRANIOFACIAL ABNORMALITIES. (From Am J Med Genet 1997 Mar 3;69(1):89-95)
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Frontal Lobe
The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus.
Mechanical Processes
The behaviors of materials under force.
Biomechanical Phenomena
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Surgical Equipment
Nonexpendable apparatus used during surgical procedures. They are differentiated from SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, usually hand-held and used in the immediate operative field.
Functional Laterality
Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Fluorescence
The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.
Membrane Lipids
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
Orientation
Awareness of oneself in relation to time, place and person.
Decanoates
Salts and esters of the 10-carbon monocarboxylic acid-decanoic acid.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
A type of FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY using two FLUORESCENT DYES with overlapping emission and absorption spectra, which is used to indicate proximity of labeled molecules. This technique is useful for studying interactions of molecules and PROTEIN FOLDING.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Erythrosine
A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Neuroimaging
Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.
Fluorescein
A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.
Diffuse Axonal Injury
A relatively common sequela of blunt head injury, characterized by a global disruption of axons throughout the brain. Associated clinical features may include NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; DEMENTIA; and other disorders.
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.
Tensile Strength
The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)

Referenceless interleaved echo-planar imaging. (1/2188)

Interleaved echo-planar imaging (EPI) is an ultrafast imaging technique important for applications that require high time resolution or short total acquisition times. Unfortunately, EPI is prone to significant ghosting artifacts, resulting primarily from system time delays that cause data matrix misregistration. In this work, it is shown mathematically and experimentally that system time delays are orientation dependent, resulting from anisotropic physical gradient delays. This analysis characterizes the behavior of time delays in oblique coordinates, and a new ghosting artifact caused by anisotropic delays is described. "Compensation blips" are proposed for time delay correction. These blips are shown to remove the effects of anisotropic gradient delays, eliminating the need for repeated reference scans and postprocessing corrections. Examples of phantom and in vivo images are shown.  (+info)

Adaptation of bulk constitutive equations to insoluble monolayer collapse at the air-water interface. (2/2188)

A constitutive equation based on stress-strain models of bulk solids was adapted to relate the surface pressure, compression rate, and temperature of an insoluble monolayer of monodendrons during collapse at the air-water interface. A power law relation between compression rate and surface pressure and an Arrhenius temperature dependence of the steady-state creep rate were observed in data from compression rate and creep experiments in the collapse region. These relations were combined into a single constitutive equation to calculate the temperature dependence of the collapse pressure with a maximum error of 5 percent for temperatures ranging from 10 degrees to 25 degrees C.  (+info)

Variation in echogenicity of the basal ganglia: anisotropic effect. (3/2188)

We observed that the fetal brain demonstrates relatively increased echogenicity of the basal ganglia compared with the thalami and cortical brain parenchyma, which we did not observe on neonatal sonograms. We hypothesized that the difference in relative echogenicity was due to differences in imaging techniques and anisotropic effects for prenatal and postnatal brain images. In 18 consecutive neonates, we obtained coronal images of the basal ganglia and thalami through the anterior fontanelle and axial images through the anterolateral fontanelle with both 5 and 7.5 MHz transducers. Two observers determined whether increased echogenicity or conspicuity of the basal ganglia was present, comparing the axial and coronal planes. We observed relatively increased echogenicity of the basal ganglia in the axial plane in 11 of the 16 examinations in this series. Of these 11, the increased echogenicity effect was manifest only in the axial plane in seven neonates. In the four instances in which the increased basal ganglia echogenicity was seen in both the coronal and axial planes, the effect was better shown in axial plane in all four. We did not observe any cases of increased echogenicity of the basal ganglia only in the coronal plane. The increased echogenicity was more conspicuous with the lower frequency transducer in 10 of the 11 examinations. We believe that the change in echogenicity of the basal ganglia is predominantly an anisotropic effect. Observing that increased echogenicity of the basal ganglia can disappear or decrease when comparing images in the axial to the coronal plane or be better demonstrated with lower frequency transducers might be a means by which to distinguish this phenomenon from true pathologic processes of the neonatal brain.  (+info)

GroEL-GroES cycling: ATP and nonnative polypeptide direct alternation of folding-active rings. (4/2188)

The double-ring chaperonin GroEL mediates protein folding in the central cavity of a ring bound by ATP and GroES, but it is unclear how GroEL cycles from one folding-active complex to the next. We observe that hydrolysis of ATP within the cis ring must occur before either nonnative polypeptide or GroES can bind to the trans ring, and this is associated with reorientation of the trans ring apical domains. Subsequently, formation of a new cis-ternary complex proceeds on the open trans ring with polypeptide binding first, which stimulates the ATP-dependent dissociation of the cis complex (by 20- to 50-fold), followed by GroES binding. These results indicate that, in the presence of nonnative protein, GroEL alternates its rings as folding-active cis complexes, expending only one round of seven ATPs per folding cycle.  (+info)

The influence of large scanning eye movements on stereoscopic slant estimation of large surfaces. (5/2188)

The results of several experiments demonstrate that the estimated magnitude of perceived slant of large stereoscopic surfaces increases with the duration of the presentation. In these experiments, subjects were free to make eye movements. A possible explanation for the increase is that the visual system needs to scan the stimulus with eye movements (which take time) before it can make a reliable estimate of slant. We investigated the influence of large scanning eye movements on stereoscopic slant estimation of large surfaces. Six subjects estimated the magnitude of slant about the vertical or horizontal axis induced by large-field stereograms of which one half-image was transformed by horizontal scale, horizontal shear, vertical scale, vertical shear, divergence or rotation relative to the other half-image. The experiment was blocked in three sessions. Each session was devoted to one of the following fixation strategies: central fixation, peripheral (20 deg) fixation and active scanning of the stimulus. The presentation duration in each of the sessions was 0.5, 2 or 8 s. Estimations were done with and without a visual reference. The magnitudes of estimated slant and the perceptual biases were not significantly influenced by the three fixation strategies. Thus, our results provide no support for the hypothesis that the time used for the execution of large scanning eye movements explains the build-up of estimated slant with the duration of the stimulus presentation.  (+info)

An orientation anisotropy in the effects of scaling vertical disparities. (6/2188)

Garding et al. (Vis Res 1995;35:703-722) proposed a two-stage theory of stereopsis. The first uses horizontal disparities for relief computations after they have been subjected to a process called disparity correction that utilises vertical disparities. The second stage, termed disparity normalisation, is concerned with computing metric representations from the output of stage one. It uses vertical disparities to a much lesser extent, if at all, for small field stimuli. We report two psychophysical experiments that tested whether human vision implements this two-stage theory. They tested the prediction that scaling vertical disparities to simulate different viewing distances to the fixation point should affect the perceived amplitudes of vertically but not horizontally oriented ridges. The first used elliptical half-cylinders and the 'apparently circular cylinder' judgement task of Johnston (Vis Res 1991;31:1351-1360). The second experiment used parabolic ridges and the amplitude judgement task of Buckley and Frisby (Vis Res 1993;33:919-934). Both studies broadly confirmed the anisotropy prediction by finding that large scalings of vertical disparities simulating near distances had a strong effect on the perceived amplitudes of the vertically oriented stimuli but little effect on the horizontal ones. When distances > 25 cm were simulated there were no significant differential effects and various methodological reasons are offered for this departure from expectations.  (+info)

Ultrafast primary processes in photosystem I of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. (7/2188)

Ultrafast primary processes in the trimeric photosystem I core antenna-reaction center complex of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 have been examined in pump-probe experiments with approximately 100 fs resolution. A global analysis of two-color profiles, excited at 660 nm and probed at 5 nm intervals from 650 to 730 nm, reveals 430 fs kinetics for spectral equilibration among bulk antenna chlorophylls. At least two lifetime components (2.0 and 6.5 ps in our analysis) are required to describe equilibration of bulk chlorophylls with far red-absorbing chlorophylls (>700 nm). Trapping at P700 occurs with 24-ps kinetics. The multiphasic bulk left arrow over right arrow red equilibration kinetics are intriguing, because prior steady-state spectral studies have suggested that the core antenna in Synechocystis sp. contains only one red-absorbing chlorophyll species (C708). The disperse kinetics may arise from inhomogeneous broadening in C708. The one-color optical anisotropy at 680 nm (near the red edge of the bulk antenna) decays with 590 fs kinetics; the corresponding anisotropy at 710 nm shows approximately 3.1 ps kinetics. The latter may signal equilibration among symmetry-equivalent red chlorophylls, bound to different monomers within trimeric photosystem I.  (+info)

The pentaene macrolide antibiotic filipin prefers more rigid DPPC bilayers: a fluorescence pressure dependence study. (8/2188)

Filipin is a pentaene macrolide antibiotic which was previously shown to incorporate more extensively into DPPC bilayers below the main phase transition temperature than above this temperature. This result was extremely unusual because drugs tend to be expelled from ordered gel phases. However, such results could not be safely attributed to the phase change of the bilayer itself because the temperature was changing concomitantly. In this work we changed the bilayer phase isothermally (53 degrees C) by hydrostatic pressure variation and discovered that filipin has a slightly more extensive incorporation in the pure DPPC gel phase (P>ca. 54.4 MPa): Kp,lc approximately 3x10(3) vs. Kp,gel approximately 6x10(3). The presence of sterols (45% molar ergosterol or cholesterol) caused an increase in the partition coefficients, regardless of pressure, ergosterol having a more pronounced effect (Kp approximately 2x10(4)-6x10(4)). Kp was pressure dependent in both cases, but mainly with cholesterol (Kp approximately 2x10(3)-2x10(4)). At variance with cholesterol, when ergosterol was used, no phase transition was detected. This difference cannot be due to a more extended uptake of filipin by cholesterol-containing membranes, and so must be due to specific interactions with cholesterol. In agreement with this finding, we discovered that filipin is more tightly packed (lower partial molar volume) in the cholesterol-rich phase than in the ergosterol-rich phase. Our results also point to a 2:1 DPPC:cholesterol stoichiometry in the cholesterol-rich phase (17% molar cholesterol). All partition coefficients were calculated from steady-state fluorescence anisotropy measurements.  (+info)

Uncinate Fasciculus Findings in Schizophrenia: A Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging StudyUncinate Fasciculus Findings in Schizophrenia: A Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Objective: Disruptions in connectivity between the frontal and temporal lobes may explain some of the symptoms observed in schizophrenia. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, however, have not shown compelling evidence for white matter abnormalities, because white matter fiber tracts cannot be visualized by conventional MRI. Diffusion tensor imaging is a relatively new technique that can detect subtle white matter abnormalities in vivo by assessing the degree to which directionally organized fibers have lost their normal integrity. The first three diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia showed lower anisotropic diffusion, relative to comparison subjects, in whole-brain white matter, prefrontal and temporal white matter, and the corpus callosum, respectively. Here the authors focus on fiber tracts forming temporal-frontal connections. Method: Anisotropic diffusion was assessed in the uncinate fasciculus, the most prominent white matter tract connecting temporal and ...
https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/28520523?show=full
Evidence for white matter disruption in traumatic brain injury without macroscopic lesions | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery...Evidence for white matter disruption in traumatic brain injury without macroscopic lesions | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery...
Background: Non-missile traumatic brain injury (nmTBI) without macroscopically detectable lesions often results in cognitive impairments that negatively affect daily life.. Aim: To identify abnormal white matter projections in patients with nmTBI with cognitive impairments using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI).. Methods: DTI scans of healthy controls were compared with those of 23 patients with nmTBI who manifested cognitive impairments but no obvious neuroradiological lesions. DTI was comprised of fractional anisotropy analysis, which included voxel-based analysis and confirmatory study using regions of interest (ROI) techniques, and magnetic resonance tractography of the corpus callosum and fornix.. Results: A decline in fractional anisotropy around the genu, stem and splenium of the corpus callosum was shown by voxel-based analysis. Fractional anisotropy values of the genu (0.47), stem (0.48), and splenium of the corpus callosum (0.52), and the column of the fornix (0.51) ...
http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/77/7/850
Augmenting the anisotropic network model with torsional potentials improves PATH performance, enabling detailed comparison with...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Augmenting the anisotropic network model with torsional potentials improves PATH performance, enabling detailed comparison with experimental rate data. AU - Chandrasekaran,Srinivas Niranj. AU - Carter,Charles W.. PY - 2017/5/1. Y1 - 2017/5/1. N2 - PATH algorithms for identifying conformational transition states provide computational parameters-time to the transition state, conformational free energy differences, and transition state activation energies-for comparison to experimental data and can be carried out sufficiently rapidly to use in the high throughput mode.These advantages are especially useful for interpreting results from combinatorial mutagenesis experiments. This report updates the previously published algorithm with enhancements that improve correlations between PATH convergence parameters derived from virtual variant structures generated by RosettaBackrub and previously published kinetic data for a complete, four-way combinatorial mutagenesis of a conformational ...
https://uncch.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/augmenting-the-anisotropic-network-model-with-torsional-potential
Default Mode Network Connectivity and Related White Matter Disruption in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Concurrent with...Default Mode Network Connectivity and Related White Matter Disruption in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Concurrent with...
Title:Default Mode Network Connectivity and Related White Matter Disruption in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Concurrent with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. VOLUME: 14 ISSUE: 11. Author(s):Di Qi, Ailin Wang, Yaojing Chen, Kewei Chen, Sisi Zhang , Junying Zhang, Xin Li , Lin Ai* and Zhanjun Zhang*. Affiliation:State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Banner Alzheimers Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Department of ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/151651/article
DNA-mediated anisotropic mechanical reinforcement of a virus<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - DNA-mediated anisotropic mechanical reinforcement of a virus. AU - Mateu, M. G.. AU - Carreira, A.. AU - Schaap, I. A. T.. AU - Serena, P. A.. AU - Gomez-Herrero, J.. AU - Mateu, M. G.. AU - de Pablo, P. J.. PY - 2006/9/12. Y1 - 2006/9/12. N2 - in this work, we provide evidence of a mechanism to reinforce the strength of an icosahedral virus by using its genomic DNA as a structural element. The mechanical properties of individual empty capsids and DNA-containing virions of the minute virus of mice are investigated by using atomic force microscopy. The stiffness of the empty capsid is found to be isotropic. Remarkably, the presence of the DNA inside the virion leads to an anisotropic reinforcement of the virus stiffness by approximate to 3%, 40%, and 140% along the fivefold, threefold, and twofold symmetry axes, respectively. A finite element model of the virus indicates that this anisotropic mechanical reinforcement is due to DNA stretches bound to 60 concavities of the capsid. ...
https://researchportal.hw.ac.uk/en/publications/dna-mediated-anisotropic-mechanical-reinforcement-of-a-virus
Comparison of Fractional Anisotropy from Tract-Based Spatial Statistics with and without Lesion Masking in Patients with...Comparison of Fractional Anisotropy from Tract-Based Spatial Statistics with and without Lesion Masking in Patients with...
Background: Diffusion-tensor fractional anisotropy (FA) is an index of neural-fiber damage in patients following stroke. To better characterize FA, tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) is frequently
https://myneuronews.com/stroke/comparison-of-fractional-anisotropy-from-tract-based-spatial-statistics-with-and-without-lesion-masking-in-patients-with-intracerebral-hemorrhage-a-technical-note/
Influence of water content and anisotropy on the strength and deformability of low porosity meta-sedimentary rocks under...Influence of water content and anisotropy on the strength and deformability of low porosity meta-sedimentary rocks under...
A reduction of uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) by the presence of water has been ascertained in many sedimentary rocks and even some metamorphic rocks experimentally. This paper reports and discusses the influence of water content and anisotropy on the strength and deformability of two meta-sedimentary rocks by triaxial compressive tests. Before conducting the triaxial tests, the physical properties of meta-siltstone and meta-sandstone specimens have been carefully examined. The water contents of both tested rocks are very low, for instance, 0.17% for meta-siltstone and 0.10% for meta-sandstone. The porosities of the tested rocks are analyzed by the technique of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). It shows that the meta-sedimentary rocks have very low porosity, 0.18% for meta-siltstone and 0.53% for meta-sandstone on average. The thin section analysis reveals that the meta-siltstone contains more hydrophilic substances such as clay minerals than the meta-sandstone, and both two ...
https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/handle/10220/11302
fractional anisotropy [Operative Neurosurgery]fractional anisotropy [Operative Neurosurgery]
From the diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion anisotropy measures such as the fractional anisotropy (FA), can be computed. Moreover, the principal direction of the diffusion tensor can be used to infer the white matter connectivity of the brain (i.e. tractography; trying to see which part of the brain is connected to which other part). Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a scalar value between zero and one that describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. A value of zero means that diffusion is isotropic, i.e. it is unrestricted (or equally restricted) in all directions. A value of one means that diffusion occurs only along one axis and is fully restricted along all other directions. FA is a measure often used in diffusion imaging where it is thought to reflect fiber density, axonal diameter, and myelination in white matter. The FA is an extension of the concept of eccentricity of conic sections in 3 dimensions, normalized to the unit range. FA values of the gray matter, especially in the ...
http://operativeneurosurgery.com/doku.php?id=fractional_anisotropy
Relationships between hippocampal atrophy, white matter disruption, and gray matter hypometabolism in Alzheimers disease. -...
In early Alzheimers disease (AD), the hippocampal region is the area most severely affected by cellular and structural alterations, yet glucose hypometabolism predominates in the posterior association cortex and posterior cingulate gyrus. One prevalent hypothesis to account for this discrepancy is that posterior cingulate hypometabolism results from disconnection from the hippocampus through disruption of the cingulum bundle. However, only partial and indirect evidence currently supports this hypothesis. Thus, using structural magnetic resonance imaging and 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in 18 patients with early AD, we assessed the relationships between hippocampal atrophy, white matter integrity, and gray matter metabolism by means of a whole-brain voxel-based correlative approach. We found that hippocampal atrophy is specifically related to cingulum bundle disruption, which is in turn highly correlated to hypometabolism of the posterior cingulate cortex but also of
https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00492150
Magnetically induced structural anisotropy in binary colloidal gels and its effect on diffusion and pressure driven...Magnetically induced structural anisotropy in binary colloidal gels and its effect on diffusion and pressure driven...
We report on the synthesis, microstructure and mass transport properties of a colloidal hydrogel self-assembled from a mixture of colloidal silica and nontronite clay plates at different particle concentrations. The gel-structure had uniaxial long-range anisotropy caused by alignment of the clay particles in
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2014/SM/C4SM00315B
Asian Science Citation Index - Articles written by W. HaoAsian Science Citation Index - Articles written by W. Hao
Ketamine abuse has been shown to have a deleterious impact on brain function. However, the precise mechanisms of ketamine dependence-induced pathological change remain poorly understood. Although there is evidence for white matter changes in drug abuse, the presence of white matter abnormalities in chronic ketamine users has not been studied. White matter volumes were measured using in vivo diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging data in 41 ketamine-dependent subjects and 44 drug-free healthy volunteers. White matter changes associated with chronic ketamine use were found in bilateral frontal and left temporoparietal cortices. There was also evidence that frontal white matter fractional anisotropy correlated with the severity of drug use (as measured by estimated total ketamine consumption). We provide direct evidence for dose-dependent abnormalities of white matter in bilateral frontal and left temporoparietal regions following chronic ketamine use. The findings suggest a microstructural ...
https://scialert.net/asci/author.php?ascicat=ALL&author=W.&last=Hao
Unfall-Blog Aktuelles aus dem Haftpflichtrecht und Sozialversicherungsrecht: Nachweis von Leichten Traumatischen...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem. Even injuries classified as mild, the most common, can result in persistent neurobehavioural impairment. Diffuse axonal injury is a common finding after TBI, and is presumed to contribute to outcomes, but may not always be apparent using standard neuroimaging. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a more recent method of assessing axonal integrity in vivo. The primary objective of the current investigation was to characterize white matter integrity utilizing DTI across the spectrum of chronic TBI of all severities. A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between white matter integrity and cognition. Twenty mild, 17 moderate to severe TBI and 18 controls underwent DTI and neuropsychological testing. Fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity were calculated from the DTI data. Fractional anisotropy was the primary measure of white matter integrity. Region of interest analysis included anterior and ...
http://aktuell.rahuber.ch/2007/11/nachweis-von-leichten-traumatischen.html
Search Results for horizontal effect | brillSearch Results for horizontal effect | brill
The article discusses the proposal for a Charter of Digital Fundamental Rights of the European Union, whose central element is a binding effect of its fundamental rights not only to state authorities, but also to powerful private internet companies, which have a potential similar to that of the state to infringe on fundamental rights in the digital era. The article outlines the traditional German approach to fundamental rights and its underlying distinction between state and society, which makes it difficult for German scholars to handle a so-called horizontal effect of fundamental rights. Finally, the article discusses the main objections to such a horizontal effect and shows some practical problems it has the potential to cause in German and European constitutional law. ...
https://brill.com/search?level=child&pageSize=10&q=horizontal+effect&sort=relevance
Detection and Predictive Value of Fractional Anisotropy Changes of the Corticospinal Tract in the Acute Phase of a Stroke |...Detection and Predictive Value of Fractional Anisotropy Changes of the Corticospinal Tract in the Acute Phase of a Stroke |...
Results-The FA laterality index for the cerebral peduncle-regions of interest was a poor predictor of 3-month outcome (R2=0.044; P=0.137), whereas the slope over the FA laterality index of the nearest-5-slices showed a relatively weak but significant prediction (R2=0.11; P=0.022) with the affected side having lower FA values. Initial upper extremity Fugl-Meyer (R2=0.69; P,0.001) and the weighted CST lesion load (R2=0.71; P,0.001) were strong predictors of 3-month outcome. In multivariate analyses, controlling for initial upper extremity Fugl-Meyer, weighted CST lesion load, and days-of-therapy, neither the FA laterality index of the cerebral peduncle nor the slope over the FA laterality index of the nearest-5-slices significantly contributed to the prediction of 86% of the variance in the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer at 3 months. ...
http://stroke.ahajournals.org/content/early/2016/05/05/STROKEAHA.115.012088
White matter alterations in antipsychotic- and mood stabilizer-naïve individuals with bipolar II/NOS disorder. - Oxford...
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) have been inconsistent in demonstrating impairments in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) structures in bipolar disorder (BD). This may be a consequence of significant confounding effects of medication, illness history and selection of controls in existing studies. Study of bipolar II or not-otherwise-specified (BD II/NOS) disorder provides a solution to these confounds and a bridge to unipolar cases across the affective spectrum. Thirty-eight euthymic, antipsychotic- and mood stabilizer-naïve young adults (mean age = 20.9 years) with BD II/NOS and 37 age-, cognitive ability- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent MRI. Voxel-wise and regional gray matter volume comparisons were conducted using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to assess whole-brain WM, as indexed using fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/435501
Diffusion Anisotropy Measurement of Brain White Matter Is Affected by Voxel Size: Underestimation Occurs in Areas with Crossing...Diffusion Anisotropy Measurement of Brain White Matter Is Affected by Voxel Size: Underestimation Occurs in Areas with Crossing...
To our knowledge, our study is the 1st systematic evaluation of the effect of voxel size/shape on measured FA. We have shown that measured FA may be affected by voxel size/shape in certain regions of the brain, but not in other regions. The areas in which measured FA did not depend on voxel size/shape included the corpus callosum and the CST. On the other hand, when using the nonisotropic voxel, statistically significant lower FA values were found in locations such as the SLF, the red nucleus, and the thalamus. For example, FA values from the 2 × 2 × 6 mm3 voxel at the SLF were lower by approximately 6% compared with those of the 2 × 2 × 2 mm3 voxel.. The difference between the regions with and without FA diversity appears to be related to the degree that crossing fibers were contained within the voxel of the DTI. For example, callosal fibers and the CST are both characterized by tightly packed fiber bundles that run in a similar direction. These areas did not have a lower FA for the ...
http://www.ajnr.org/node/7037.full.print
Influence of Tissue Conductivity Anisotropy on EEG/MEG Field and Return Current Computation in a Realistic Head Model: A...Influence of Tissue Conductivity Anisotropy on EEG/MEG Field and Return Current Computation in a Realistic Head Model: A...
To achieve a deeper understanding of the brain, scientists, and clinicians use electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) inverse methods to reconstruct sources in the cortical sheet of the human brain. The influence of structural and electrical anisotropy in both the skull and th …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16364662/
The Neurocritic: July 2006The Neurocritic: July 2006
We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study 2 patients with traumatic brain injury. The first patient recovered reliable expressive language after 19 years in a minimally conscious state (MCS); the second had remained in MCS for 6 years. Comparison of white matter integrity in the patients and 20 normal subjects using histograms of apparent diffusion constants and diffusion anisotropy identified widespread altered diffusivity and decreased anisotropy in the damaged white matter. These findings remained unchanged over an 18-month interval between 2 studies in the first patient. In addition, in this patient, we identified large, bilateral regions of posterior white matter with significantly increased anisotropy that reduced over 18 months. In contrast, notable increases in anisotropy within the midline cerebellar white matter in the second study correlated with marked clinical improvements in motor functions. This finding was further correlated with an increase in resting metabolism measured ...
http://neurocritic.blogspot.sg/2006/07/
US4729809A - Anisotropically conductive adhesive composition - Google Patents
An anisotropically conductive adhesive composition (10) for use in electrically connecting at least one conductive area (14) on one substrate (12) with at least one conductive area (20) on a second substrate (18) is disclosed. The composition (10) is comprised of a mixture of conductive particles and a nonconductive adhesive binder (26). The conductive particles are dispersed throughout the binder in a plurality of noncontiguous conductive units (24) such that, upon applying a layer (30) of the composition (10) over both the conductive and insulating areas (14, 16) on one substrate (12) and positioning in a conducting relationship and adhering said at least one conductive area (20) on the second substrate (18) with said at least one conductive area (14) on the first substrate (12), the units (24) establish electrical connection between the adhered conductive areas (14, 20) on the two substrates (12, 18). The units (24) are sufficiently spaced apart, however, to preclude electrical conductivity
https://patents.google.com/patent/US4729809A/en
Entropy | Free Full-Text | Anisotropically Weighted and Nonholonomically Constrained Evolutions on ManifoldsEntropy | Free Full-Text | Anisotropically Weighted and Nonholonomically Constrained Evolutions on Manifolds
We present evolution equations for a family of paths that results from anisotropically weighting curve energies in non-linear statistics of manifold valued data. This situation arises when performing inference on data that have non-trivial covariance and are anisotropic distributed. The family can be interpreted as most probable paths for a driving semi-martingale that through stochastic development is mapped to the manifold. We discuss how the paths are projections of geodesics for a sub-Riemannian metric on the frame bundle of the manifold, and how the curvature of the underlying connection appears in the sub-Riemannian Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Evolution equations for both metric and cometric formulations of the sub-Riemannian metric are derived. We furthermore show how rank-deficient metrics can be mixed with an underlying Riemannian metric, and we relate the paths to geodesics and polynomials in Riemannian geometry. Examples from the family of paths are visualized on embedded surfaces, and we
http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/18/12/425
Insight Journal (ISSN 2327-770X) - Distributed Anisotropic DiffusionInsight Journal (ISSN 2327-770X) - Distributed Anisotropic Diffusion
Distributed anisotropic diffusion provides a wrapper program around ITKs anisotropic diffusion filters that allows an input image to be spread across
https://www.insight-journal.org/browse/publication/782
Insight Journal - Distributed Anisotropic DiffusionInsight Journal - Distributed Anisotropic Diffusion
Distributed anisotropic diffusion provides a wrapper program around ITKs anisotropic diffusion filters that allows an input image to be spread across
http://insight-journal.org/browse/publication/782
PIER Online - Plasmonic Resonant Light Scattering by a Cylinder with Radial AnisotropyPIER Online - Plasmonic Resonant Light Scattering by a Cylinder with Radial Anisotropy
We apply the full-wave electromagnetic theory to study electromagnetic scattering by a small cylindrical particle with radial anisotropy for normally incident light with transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. The scattering coefficients are derived, when the radial anisotropies in both the permittivity and permeability tensors are taken into account. It is shown that the surface and volume plasmon resonances can be identified by the sign of dεt/dq, in which εt is the permittivity element in a direction tangential to the local r-axis, and q is the size parameter. The near field distributions for surface and volume modes are illustrated by finite element method. It is found that small changes of anisotropy can affect the scattering efficiencies significantly. Moreover, the quadrupole and octupole resonant peaks may be much higher and sharper than those of dipole resonance in the scattering efficiency spectra ...
http://www.jpier.org/PIER/pier.php?paper=10060601
OSA | Influence of anisotropy in the depolarization ability of microsphere solutionsOSA | Influence of anisotropy in the depolarization ability of microsphere solutions
The influence of scattering anisotropy on polarized light transport in microsphere solutions was studied experimentally an with Monte Carlo programs. Anisotropy is an important parameter in the depolarization of light traveling through a scattering media.. © Optical Society of America. PDF Article ...
https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=BIO-2004-FH44
Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse UMR 5502 - Thèse C. Toupoint
swarm, towards the hydrodynamical modeling of ebullated bed reactors Soutenance de thèse Clément Toupoint. Jeudi 29 novembre - Amphithéâtre Nougaro. Abstract : The origin of this PhD. thesis lies in the study of Ebullated Bed Reactors (EBRs). These chemical reactors are very active research topics in chemical processes, notably thanks to their many usages in heavy oil processing. Many complex phenomena take place within EBRs, and make their design and optimization difficult. In fluid mechanics, a lot of physical mechanisms present in EBRs are active fields of study (three-phase flow, fluid-body interaction...). Hence, in the present work, a study of mechanisms participating in the hydrodynamics of an EBR with cylindrical catalysts is performed.. In a first part, the impact of the catalyst anisotropy on its fall is investigated. In order to gain insight on the effect of the body anisotropy on its fall dynamics, we investigate experimentally the free fall of a solid cylinder in a fluid at ...
https://www.imft.fr/These-C-Toupoint-29-novembre?lang=fr
OSA | Optical anisotropy of self-assembled nanostructure in glassOSA | Optical anisotropy of self-assembled nanostructure in glass
Y. Shimotsuma, M. Nakabayasi, K. Miura, K. Hirao, and P. G. Kazansky, Optical anisotropy of self-assembled nanostructure in glass, in Advanced Photonics Congress, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2012), paper BW1D.1 ...
https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=BGPP-2012-BW1D.1
Sporttherapie bei Multipler Sklerose
Immune responses to exercise generally consist of induced lymphocyte populations (mainly T-cells, B-cells and natural killer cells) in the blood under exercise and immune suppression during regeneration (29). The inflicted damages of the CNS structures lead to dysregulations of the inflammatory balance in favour of a pro-inflammatory state that may be targeted and modulated via exercise (12). MS research has more and more focused on the role of cytokines and neurotrophic factors linking the beneficial effects of exercise found in elder adults and animal studies also with MS pathogenesis. Data from cross-sectional studies in pwMS show positive associations between the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and measures of grey matter atrophy and white matter integrity: in 21 pwMS (EDSS 1.0-6.0) high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were positively correlated with grey matter volume and higher focal fractional anisotropy values (33).However, training interventions studies in pwMS show mixed ...
https://www.germanjournalsportsmedicine.com/archiv/archiv-2015/heft-11/sporttherapie-bei-multipler-sklerose/
Whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging measures are related to disability in ALS. - Wellcome Centre for...
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the sensitivity of a recently developed whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequence to cerebral pathology and disability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and compare with measures derived from diffusion tensor imaging. METHODS: Whole-brain MRSI and diffusion tensor imaging were undertaken in 13 patients and 14 age-similar healthy controls. Mean N-acetylaspartate (NAA), fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity were extracted from the corticospinal tract, compared between groups, and then in relation to disability in the patient group. RESULTS: Significant reductions in NAA were found along the course of the corticospinal tracts on whole-brain MRSI. There were also significant changes in fractional anisotropy (decreased) and mean diffusivity (increased) in the patient group, but only NAA showed a significant relationship with disability (r = 0.65, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Whole-brain MRSI has potential as a quantifiable neuroimaging marker of
https://www.win.ox.ac.uk/publications/374228
PyANM - PyMOLWiki
Elastic Network Models (ENM) have been successful in reproducing fluctuations for proteins of native conformations. ENM is a coarse-grained method for modeling protein dynamics, meaning in generally in ENM each residue is represented by one bead in its Alpha Carbon position. These beads are then connected by elastic springs if the distance between two beads fall under a cutoff value (usually within the range of 7 to 15 angstroms). For more details please read here. PyANM is developed as a cross-platform Pymol Plugin to allow its users to build and visualize Anisotropic Network Models, a member of the ENM family. This plugin allows its users to draw arrows or make movies based on calculated mode motions, to draw all springs used to build the ANM within the protein, to color the protein based on its Mean Square Fluctuations (MSF) calculated from ANM and to export data from ANM for future processing. PyANM also allows its users to change the colors and scales (sizes) for movies or arrows generated ...
https://pymolwiki.org/index.php?title=PyANM&oldid=11742
1811.03584] Thermodynamics at Strong Coupling on Anisotropic Lattices1811.03584] Thermodynamics at Strong Coupling on Anisotropic Lattices
Abstract: Lattice QCD with staggered fermions at strong coupling has long been studied in a dual representation to circumvent the finite baryon density sign problem. Monte Carlo simulations at finite temperature and density require anisotropic lattices. Recent results that established the non-perturbative functional dependence between the bare anisotropy $\gamma$ and the physical anisotropy $a_s/a_t$ in the chiral limit are now extended to finite quark mass. We illustrate how the calibration of the anisotropy works and discuss the consequences of the anisotropy on thermodynamic observables. We also show first results on the energy density and pressure in the QCD phase diagram in the strong coupling regime ...
https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.03584
Compositional measures of diffusion anisotropy and asymmetry - IEEE Conference PublicationCompositional measures of diffusion anisotropy and asymmetry - IEEE Conference Publication
Diffusion MRI (dMRI) can be used to examine white matter structures in the living human brain. A common approach to dMRI analysis involves calculating a sc
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8363537/
2016 October Monthly Meeting
Host: Core B, Dr. Ivet Bahar. Place: Victoria Building, Room 228. Date and Time: Wednesday, Oct. 5, 2016, 3:00 - 4:40 pm. 3:00 - 3:10 pm General Business for CDAR 3:10 - 4:20 pm Core B Monthly Report Update Presenters: Dr. Hongchun Li (Postdoctoral Associate, Bahar lab) gave an update on his work describing γ-secretase as an attractive target for treatment of Alzheimers disease and presented potential figures for a manuscript. G-secretase is a membrane protein and its function is related to many diseases. Recently, its 3-dimensional intact structure was determined, and we studied the intact structure with anisotropic network model (ANM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our ANM model showed interesting motions related with modulator binding in a cavity, and our MD simulations found that the cavity is druggable. We also provided atomistic details of potential modulators in the cavity.. Title of presentation: Dynamic Modulation of Binding Affinity as a Mechanism to Regulate Interferon ...
http://cdar.pharmacy.pitt.edu/2016-october-monthly-meeting/
Breast milk appears to aid white matter microstructural organization in preemies developing brains - Childrens National...Breast milk appears to aid white matter microstructural organization in preemies developing brains - Childrens National...
Critical white matter structures in the brains of babies who are born so prematurely that they weigh less than 1,500 grams develop more robustly when their mothers breast-feed them, compared with preemie peers who are fed formula.
https://childrensnational.org/news-and-events/childrens-newsroom/2017/breast-milk-appears-to-aid-white-matter-microstructural-organization-in-preemies-developing-brains
Anisotropic properties of directed energy deposition (DED)-processed Ti-6Al-4V<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Anisotropic properties of directed energy deposition (DED)-processed Ti-6Al-4V. AU - Wolff, Sarah. AU - Lee, Taekyung. AU - Faierson, Eric. AU - Ehmann, Kornel. AU - Cao, Jian. PY - 2016/10/1. Y1 - 2016/10/1. N2 - Directed energy deposited (DED) Ti-6Al-4V components and prototypes are quickly growing in prevalence in aerospace and biomedical industries for their increased strength and fast processing time. However, one of the remaining challenges in DED processes, particularly laser engineered net shaping (LENS), is the characterization of the inherent anisotropy in material properties. Anisotropy in microstructure, porosity and mechanical behavior arises due to unique material thermal histories during processing. Understanding anisotropy in additive manufacturing can lead to refined process parameters, characterization methods, material and thermal modeling as well as improved mechanical properties. This paper investigates the anisotropic mechanical properties, specifically ...
https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/anisotropic-properties-of-directed-energy-deposition-ded-processe
Publications | Page 10 | PULSE InstitutePublications | Page 10 | PULSE Institute
Gaffney KJ, Lindenberg A, Larsson J, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Blome C, Synnergren O, Sheppard J, Caleman C, MacPhee AG, Weinstein D et al.. 2005. Observation of structural anisotropy and the onset of liquidlike motion during the nonthermal melting of InSb. Physical review letters. 95:125701. ...
https://ultrafast.stanford.edu/biblio?page=9&f%5Bauthor%5D=157&s=type&o=desc
Regional Variations of Laminar Beam Orientation, Connective Tissue Volume Fraction and Anisotropy in Three-dimensionally...Regional Variations of Laminar Beam Orientation, Connective Tissue Volume Fraction and Anisotropy in Three-dimensionally...
High-resolution, 3D reconstructions of the ONH were generated for four clinically confirmed normal and two clinically confirmed glaucomatous human donor eyes from six donors. Eyes were immersion fixed at 10 mmHg and reconstructed using a custom automated microtome-based system that serially images the embedded tissue block face at 1.5 µm resolution in the fluorescent domain after each 1.5 µm section is cut. The images are then aligned and stacked into a digital 3D ONH reconstruction with 1.5x1.5x1.5 µm voxel resolution. The lamina cribrosa (LC) architecture was delineated and segmented and the laminar microarchitecture was sampled on a discrete grid to compute the connective tissue volume fraction (CTVF), the degree of anisotropy and the predominant laminar beam orientation within each sampling volume. CTVF, LC beam orientation, and LC beam anisotropy were mapped for each eye and compared.. ...
http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2269759
Nanoparticles with Morphological and Functional Anisotropy: Faraday Discussion
Anisotropy at the nanoscale is a critical factor in the mechanical, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of nanoparticles. Indeed, many unusual properties of colloidal materials arise due to heterogeneous spatial confinement of electrons, plasmons and electric fields around the particles. As the field of nanoparticle synthesis and application matures, there is an increasing need for the design of novel and more complex nanosized objects. In particular, the incorporation of multiple functionalities, the directionality of such functions, and the incorporation of lower or higher dimensional order have great relevance and interest for biomolecule detection, diagnosis and therapeutic medical applications ...
http://www.rsc.org/events/detail/16842/nanoparticles-with-morphological-and-functional-anisotropy-faraday-discussion/programme
Consideration of Microstructural Changes in the Study of Adiabatic Shear Bands.
We have analyzed the effect of microstructural changes on the initiation and growth of shear bands. These have been studied by developing an adaptive mesh refinement technique to decipher adiabatic shear bands in two-dimensional problems, formulating a three-dimensional finite-deformation theory for dipolar thermoviscoplastic materials and using it to examine the initiation and growth of shear bands in plane strain thermomechanical deformations of dipolar materials, employing an internal variable theory of Brown, Kim and Anand to study the shear band problem, investigating the possibility of phase transformations during the development of adiabatic shear bands in a steel specimen, ascertaining the speed of propagation of a shear band in a steel tube, assessing the effect of frictional forces between the loading device and the cylinder ends, and, analyzing the development of a shear band in a FCC single crystal. Principal results obtained during these investigations are summarized in the
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA290398
Materials | Free Full-Text | Phase Stability and Elasticity of TiAlNMaterials | Free Full-Text | Phase Stability and Elasticity of TiAlN
We review results of recent combined theoretical and experimental studies of Ti1−xAlxN, an archetypical alloy system material for hard-coating applications. Theoretical simulations of lattice parameters, mixing enthalpies, and elastic properties are presented. Calculated phase diagrams at ambient pressure, as well as at pressure of 10 GPa, show a wide miscibility gap and broad region of compositions and temperatures where the spinodal decomposition takes place. The strong dependence of the elastic properties and sound wave anisotropy on the Al-content offers detailed understanding of the spinodal decomposition and age hardening in Ti1−xAlxN alloy films and multilayers. TiAlN/TiN multilayers can further improve the hardness and thermal stability compared to TiAlN since they offer means to influence the kinetics of the favorable spinodal decomposition and suppress the detrimental transformation to w-AlN. Here, we show that a 100 degree improvement in terms of w-AlN suppression can be achieved, which
http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/4/9/1599
Erik Bitzeks blog | iMechanica
The Atomistic Materials Modeling group of Prof. Erik Bitzek is inviting applications for a fully funded PhD position at the Institute for General Materials Properties within the Department of Materials Science of the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg in Erlangen, Germany. The objective of the PhD project is to use atomistic simulation methods to study the influence of topological anisotropy on the mechanical properties of inorganic glasses.. ...
https://www.imechanica.org/blog/4415
Anisotropy | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystAnisotropy | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
A physical property showing different values in relation to the direction in or along which the measurement is made. The physical property may be with regard to thermal or electric conductivity or light refraction. In crystallography, it describes crystals whose index of refraction varies with the direction of the incident light. It is also called acolotropy and colotropy. The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Anisotropy
Spatial Anisotropies and Temporal Fluctuations in Extracellular Matrix Network Texture during Early EmbryogenesisSpatial Anisotropies and Temporal Fluctuations in Extracellular Matrix Network Texture during Early Embryogenesis
Early stages of vertebrate embryogenesis are characterized by a remarkable series of shape changes. The resulting morphological complexity is driven by molecular, cellular, and tissue-scale biophysical alterations. Operating at the cellular level, extracellular matrix (ECM) networks facilitate cell motility. At the tissue level, ECM networks provide material properties required to accommodate the large-scale deformations and forces that shape amniote embryos. In other words, the primordial biomaterial from which reptilian, avian, and mammalian embryos are molded is a dynamic composite comprised of cells and ECM. Despite its central importance during early morphogenesis we know little about the intrinsic micrometer-scale surface properties of primordial ECM networks. Here we computed, using avian embryos, five textural properties of fluorescently tagged ECM networks - (a) inertia, (b) correlation, (c) uniformity, (d) homogeneity, and (e) entropy. We analyzed fibronectin and fibrillin-2 as ...
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/13265
Eulerian and Lagrangian isopycnal eddy diffusivities in the Southern Ocean of an eddying modelEulerian and Lagrangian isopycnal eddy diffusivities in the Southern Ocean of an eddying model
Author(s): Griesel, A; Mcclean, JL; Gille, ST; Sprintall, J; Eden, C | Abstract: Lagrangian isopycnal diffusivities quantify the along-isopycnal mixing of any tracer with mean gradients along isopycnal surfaces. They are studied in the Southern Ocean of the 1/10° Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model using more than 50 000 float trajectories. Concurrent Eulerian isopycnal diffusivities are estimated directly from the eddy fluxes and mean tracer gradients. Consistency, spatial variation, and relation to mean jets are evaluated. The diffusivities are calculated in bins large enough to reduce contributions from the rotational components that do not lead to net tracer mixing. Because the mean jets are nonzonal and nonparallel, meridional dispersion includes standing eddies and is significantly different from cross-stream dispersion. With the subtraction of the local Eulerianmean, the full Lagrangian diffusivity tensor can be estimated. Along-stream diffusivities are about 6 times larger than cross-stream
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03r4s4kx
A Spectroscopic Survey of Substituted Indoles Reveals Consequences of a Stabilized 1Lb Transition - Meng - 2012 -...A Spectroscopic Survey of Substituted Indoles Reveals Consequences of a Stabilized 1Lb Transition - Meng - 2012 -...
Figure S4. 6-hydroxyindole transition bandshapes, 1La and 1Lb, calculated from eqns. (6) and (7), using limiting anisotropy values derived from the fluorescence excitation anisotropy measurement at 77 K, given in Fig. 4b: fa(λ), dashed line and fb(λ), solid line ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01219.x/suppinfo
AMS :: Quarterly of Applied MathematicsAMS :: Quarterly of Applied Mathematics
Abstract , References , Additional Information Abstract: In a previous paper [7] it was shown that for waves propagating in certain linear anisotropic mechanical systems there exist universal connections between the phase speeds of harmonic plane waves. Here the results are shown to hold in a wider context ...
http://www.ams.org/journals/qam/1973-31-03/S0033-569X-1973-99696-X/home.html
Effect of orientation ratio on recording performance for longitudinal thin film media | ScholarBank@NUSEffect of orientation ratio on recording performance for longitudinal thin film media | [email protected]
The effects of orientation ratio (OR) on longitudinal thin film media recording performance are studied via micromagnetic modeling. The OR of the media is controlled by the anisotropy axes distribution. Along the preferred anisotropy direction, the coercivity and the remanence increases with decreasing standard deviation of anisotropy distribution σ and gives rise to an OR as high as 90. Highly oriented media show an ultra low transition noise and high effective track width. However, it is observed that highly oriented media exhibits a large track edge bending which increases the track edge noise. Effect of saturation magnetization (Ms) on the recording pattern for highly oriented media (OR = 22.5) is investigated. Low magnetization is found to induce even lower transition noise and slightly higher effective track width. Edge percolation is observed when Ms increases up to 800 emu/cm3. However, the noise magnitude at this edge does not change much when Ms is decreased to 200 emu/cm3 ...
https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/81403
Difference between revisions of OnCanvasSymmetryTool - Inkscape WikiDifference between revisions of OnCanvasSymmetryTool - Inkscape Wiki
UC 1) User has created one or more objects which they want to replicate using a group of symmetry relationships (rotation, reflection, translation or glide). The user must choose a symmetry group or create their own set of transformation rules. Transformation base tiles for wallpaper groups In order to choose the symmetry relationships that will produce the desired effect, the user must understand how clones of the base tile will be transformed. For example, if the user selects a symmetry type of CMM, they will want to know at a general level that the tile will be reflected in two orthogonal directions and rotated 180 degrees in a diagonal direction. At a more specific level, they will want to know across what lines the pattern will be reflected and what is the pivot point for the rotation. An on-canvas visualization of the base tile and of the tiling pattern is proposed. ...
https://wiki.inkscape.org/wiki/index.php?title=OnCanvasSymmetryTool&diff=prev&oldid=85622
Heart Of GOCE Now Beating -...Heart Of GOCE Now Beating -...
GOCEs highly sensitive gradiometer instrument has been switched on and is producing data. Forming the heart of GOCE, the gradiometer is specifically designed to measure Earths gravity field with unprecedented accuracy.. We are very pleased with what we have seen from the gradiometer from the moment it was switched on. All accelerometer sensor heads are working in very good health and provide meaningful data, GOCE Project Manager Danilo Muzi said.. The gradiometer consists of three pairs of identical ultra-sensitive accelerometers, each mounted to point in orthogonal directions to allow the simultaneous measurement of the spatial variations of the gravity field.. With the switching on of the gradiometer, all systems on the satellite have now been activated. The satellites sophisticated electric ion propulsion system was switched on last week and continues to operate normally. In order to get the maximum performance from the gradiometer, GOCE was designed to provide a highly stable and ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1667688/heart_of_goce_now_beating/
Materials in Meep - AbInitio
The material structure in Maxwells equations is determined by the relative permittivity ε(x) and the relative permeability μ(x). However, ε is not only a function of position. In general, it also depends on frequency (material dispersion) and on the electric field E itself (nonlinearity). It may also depend on the orientation of the field (anisotropy). Material dispersion, in turn, is generally associated with absorption loss in the material, or possibly gain. All of these effects can be simulated in Meep, with certain restrictions. Similarly for the relative permeability μ(x), for which dispersion, nonlinearity, and anisotropy are all supported as well. In this section, we describe the form of the equations and material properties that Meep can simulate. The actual interface with which you specify these properties is described in the Meep reference. ...
http://ab-initio.mit.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Materials_in_Meep&oldid=3683
An efficient wave extrapolation method for tilted orthorhombic media using effective ellipsoidal models<...
TY - GEN. T1 - An efficient wave extrapolation method for tilted orthorhombic media using effective ellipsoidal models. AU - Waheed, Umair bin. AU - Alkhalifah, Tariq Ali. N1 - KAUST Repository Item: Exported on 2020-10-01. PY - 2014/8/5. Y1 - 2014/8/5. N2 - The wavefield extrapolation operator for ellipsoidally anisotropic (EA) media offers significant cost reduction compared to that for the orthorhombic case, especially when the symmetry planes are tilted and/or rotated. However, ellipsoidal anisotropy does not provide accurate focusing for media of orthorhombic anisotropy. Therefore, we develop effective EA models that correctly capture the kinematic behavior of the wavefield for tilted orthorhombic (TOR) media. Specifically, we compute effective source-dependent velocities for the EA model using kinematic high-frequency representation of the TOR wavefield. The effective model allows us to use the cheaper EA wavefield extrapolation operator to obtain approximate wavefield solutions for a TOR ...
https://research.kaust.edu.sa/en/publications/an-efficient-wave-extrapolation-method-for-tilted-orthorhombic-me
AnisotropyAnisotropy
Seismic anisotropy is the variation of seismic wavespeed with direction. Seismic anisotropy is an indicator of long range order ... Look up anisotropy or anisotropic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Anisotropy (/ˌænaɪˈsɒtrəpi, ˌænɪ-/) is the property of a ... "Overview of Anisotropy" DoITPoMS Teaching and Learning Package: "Introduction to Anisotropy" "Gauge, and knitted fabric ... Physicists use the term anisotropy to describe direction-dependent properties of materials. Magnetic anisotropy, for example, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropy
Magnetocrystalline anisotropyMagnetocrystalline anisotropy
The anisotropy of such crystals is called uniaxial anisotropy. If the z axis is taken to be the main symmetry axis of the ... "Magnetic Anisotropy in F.C.C. Single Crystal Cobalt-Nickel Electrodeposited Films. I. Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy Constants ... while that for uniaxial anisotropy is second order. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy parameters have a strong dependence on ... The magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is generally represented as an expansion in powers of the direction cosines of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetocrystalline_anisotropy
Magnetic anisotropyMagnetic anisotropy
Magnetoelastic anisotropy Tension may alter magnetic behaviour, leading to magnetic anisotropy. Exchange anisotropy Occurs when ... A magnetic particle with cubic anisotropy has three or four easy axes, depending on the anisotropy parameters. The energy has ... the anisotropy is uniaxial. A magnetic particle with triaxial anisotropy still has a single easy axis, but it also has a hard ... The magnetic anisotropy of a benzene ring (A), alkene (B), carbonyl (C), alkyne (D), and a more complex molecule (E) are shown ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_anisotropy
Dipole anisotropyDipole anisotropy
... is a form of anisotropy and the progress of nothing difference in the frequency of radiation from opposite ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole_anisotropy
Fluorescence anisotropyFluorescence anisotropy
Steady-state fluorescence anisotropy only give an "average" anisotropy. Much more information can be obtained with time- ... residual anisotropy and rotational correlation time can all be determined from fitting the anisotropy decay. Typically a ... Where r is the observed anisotropy, r0 is the intrinsic anisotropy of the molecule, τ {\displaystyle \tau } is the fluorescence ... The anisotropy (r) of a light source is defined as the ratio of the polarized component to the total intensity ( I T {\ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_anisotropy
Seismic anisotropySeismic anisotropy
... prestack depth anisotropy migration, and fracture characterization based on anisotropy velocity models. The anisotropy ... Anisotropy differs from the property called heterogeneity in that anisotropy is the variation in values with direction at a ... Seismic Anisotropy can be defined as the dependence of seismic velocity on direction or upon angle. General anisotropy is ... In sedimentary rocks, anisotropy develops during and after deposition. For anisotropy to develop, there needs to be some degree ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seismic_anisotropy
Anisotropy energyAnisotropy energy
The word anisotropy means "directionally dependent", hence the definition. The most common form of anisotropic energy is ... In order to study magnetocrystalline anisotropy, energy (usually in the form of an electric current) is applied to the domain, ... Magnetic anisotropy Brune, Harald (November 2007). "Nanomagnetism: Probing magnetism at the nanoscale". Nature Nanotechnology. ... Moskowitz, Bruce M. "Magnetic Anisotropy". Retrieved 5 December 2013. (Articles needing additional references from October 2015 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropy_energy
Fractional anisotropyFractional anisotropy
... (FA) is a scalar value between zero and one that describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion ... called Generalized Fractional Anisotropy. GFA computations use samples of the ODF to evaluate the anisotropy in diffusion. They ... have been used to define newer and richer estimates of the anisotropy, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_anisotropy
Cosmic Anisotropy TelescopeCosmic Anisotropy Telescope
... (CAT) online The first detection of small-scale structure in the cosmic microwave background Press ... The Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope (CAT) was a three-element interferometer for cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB/R) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Anisotropy_Telescope
Mobile Anisotropy TelescopeMobile Anisotropy Telescope
MAT was an experiment to measure the anisotropy of the Cosmic microwave background at angular scales of 50 < l < 400. Cosmic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Anisotropy_Telescope
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy ProbeWilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), originally known as the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP and Explorer 80), was ... The anisotropies then were used to measure the universe's geometry, content, and evolution; and to test the Big Bang model, and ... the Soviet RELIKT-1 that reported the upper-limit measurements of CMB anisotropies, and (ii) the U.S. COBE satellite that first ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe
Cosmic Anisotropy Polarization MapperCosmic Anisotropy Polarization Mapper
CAPMAP is an experiment at Princeton University to measure the polarization of the Cosmic microwave background. Cosmic microwave background experiments Observational cosmology Barkats, D.; Bischoff, C.; Farese, P.; Gaier, T.; Gundersen, J. O.; Hedman, M. M.; Hyatt, L.; McMahon, J. J.; Samtleben, D.; Staggs, S. T.; Stefanescu, E. (July 2005). "CMB Polarimetry using Correlation Receivers with the PIQUE and CAPMAP Experiments". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 159 (1): 1-26. doi:10.1086/430208. ISSN 0067-0049. CAPMAP Homepage v t e (Coordinates on Wikidata, Articles with infoboxes completely from Wikidata, Cosmic microwave background experiments, All stub articles, Physical cosmology stubs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_Anisotropy_Polarization_Mapper
Residual chemical shift anisotropyResidual chemical shift anisotropy
... (RCSA) is the difference between the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of aligned and non- ... Lipsitz, Rebecca S.; Tjandra, Nico (2003). "15N chemical shift anisotropy in protein structure refinement and comparison with ... and Carbonyl Chemical Shielding Anisotropies in a Protein Dissolved in a Dilute Liquid Crystalline Phase". Journal of the ... "Determination of Relative Configuration from Residual Chemical Shift Anisotropy". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 138 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual_chemical_shift_anisotropy
Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging ArrayMillimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array
The Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array (MAXIMA) experiment was a balloon-borne experiment funded by the United ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Millimeter Anisotropy eXperiment IMaging Array. Cosmic microwave background experiments ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millimeter_Anisotropy_eXperiment_IMaging_Array
Neodymium magnetNeodymium magnet
"Magnetic Anisotropy". Hitchhiker's Guide to Magnetism. Retrieved 2 March 2014. Boysen, Earl; Muir, Nancy C. (2011). ... most important is that the tetragonal Nd2Fe14B crystal structure has exceptionally high uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium_magnet
Kenneth G. McCrackenKenneth G. McCracken
"Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy". NASA. Retrieved 24 May 2012. (Use dmy dates from April 2022, Articles with hCards, Pages using infobox ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_G._McCracken
Texture (chemistry)Texture (chemistry)
ISBN 978-1-4200-6365-3. U. F. Kocks, C. N. Tomé, H. -R. Wenk and H. Mecking (2000). Texture and Anisotropy: Preferred ... H.-R. Wenk & P. Van Houtte (2004). "Texture and anisotropy". Rep. Prog. Phys. 67 (8): 1367-1428. Bibcode:2004RPPh...67.1367W. ... in which the crystalline anisotropy is so great that a good-quality filament will be a distorted single crystal with ... "Texture and Anisotropy - Preferred Orientations in Polycrystals and Their Effect on Materials Properties" (2000) Cambridge ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_(chemistry)
Exchange biasExchange bias
Exchange anisotropy has long been poorly understood due to the difficulty of studying the dynamics of domain walls in thin ... Exchange anisotropy was discovered by Meiklejohn and Bean of General Electric in 1956. The first commercial device to employ ... doi:10.1016/S0304-8853(98)00266-2. Berkowitz, A.E.; Takano, Kentaro (1999). "Exchange anisotropy - a review" (PDF). Journal of ... Exchange bias or exchange anisotropy occurs in bilayers (or multilayers) of magnetic materials where the hard magnetization ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange_bias
List of cosmic microwave background experimentsList of cosmic microwave background experiments
"Balloon-Borne Anisotropy Measurement (BAM)". Brown University. 2002. Retrieved 22 July 2015. Polenta, G.; P. A. R., Ade; J., ... Some notable experiments in the list are COBE, which first detected the temperature anisotropies of the CMB, and showed that it ... There have been a variety of experiments to measure the CMB anisotropies and polarization since its first observation in 1964 ... This list is a compilation of experiments measuring the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation anisotropies and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cosmic_microwave_background_experiments
Hans-Rudolf WenkHans-Rudolf Wenk
226, 507-519 [doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.07.033] Romanowicz, B., Wenk, H.-R. (2017). Anisotropy in the deep Earth. PEPI (Review ... 45, 3283-3296 Kocks, U.F., Tome, C., Wenk, H.-R. (2000). Texture and Anisotropy. Preferred Orientations in Polycrystals and ... Tectonophysics 321, 253-277 Wenk, H.-R., Voltolini, M., Kern, H., Popp, H., Mazurek, M. (2008). Anisotropy of Mont Terri ... His work quantifying preferred orientation and correlating crystal alignment in shales to seismic anisotropy is used in seismic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Rudolf_Wenk
Interindividual differences in perceptionInterindividual differences in perception
Chaudhuri, Avi (1991). "Metastable motion anisotropy". Visual Neuroscience. 7 (5): 397-407. doi:10.1017/s0952523800009706. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interindividual_differences_in_perception
IsotropyIsotropy
Exceptions, or inequalities, are frequently indicated by the prefix a- or an-, hence anisotropy. Anisotropy is also used to ... "Anisotropy and Isotropy". Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2012-05-26. Landman L. "The Epidermal ... An example of anisotropy is in flows with a background density as gravity works in only one direction. The apparent surface ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotropy
Innermost inner coreInnermost inner core
"Joint inversion of normal mode and body wave data for inner core anisotropy 1. Laterally homogeneous anisotropy". Journal of ... It has also been theorized that the anisotropy observed represents an unknown phase change in iron. Understanding the ... Trampert, Jeannot; Beghein, Caroline (2003-01-24). "Robust Normal Mode Constraints on Inner-Core Anisotropy from Model Space ... and claims the data are best described by hemispheric anisotropy. Brush, Stephen G. (September 1980). "Discovery of the Earth's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innermost_inner_core
Autowave reverberatorAutowave reverberator
Anisotropy induced drift. Boundary induced drift (see also). Interaction of spirals. High frequency induced drift. Note that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autowave_reverberator
Acoustoelastic effectAcoustoelastic effect
"Anisotropy and Isotropy". Archived from the original on 2012-05-31. Retrieved 2013-12-07. Norris, A. N. (1997). "Finite- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustoelastic_effect
List of important publications in geologyList of important publications in geology
Defined a version of elastic anisotropy using transversely isotropic media that could be analyzed through the use of Thomsen ... Thomsen, Leon (October 1986). "Weak elastic anisotropy". Geophysics. 51 (10): 1954-1966. Bibcode:1986Geop...51.1954T. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_important_publications_in_geology
Abir Al-TabbaaAbir Al-Tabbaa
A, Al Tabbaa (16 September 1984). "Anisotropy of clay". publications.eng.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 November 2018. A, Al Tabbaa ( ... Her Master's research considered the anisotropy of clay. She obtained her PhD in 1987 with a dissertation entitled Permeability ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abir_Al-Tabbaa
Collimated transmission theoryCollimated transmission theory
These optical properties are described by the absorption coefficient μa, scattering coefficient μs, and anisotropy factor g. In ... scattering anisotropy = ; μt = extinction coefficient = μa + μs Where Na is the number of absorbers in a medium, 𝜎a is the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collimated_transmission_theory
Transverse isotropyTransverse isotropy
"Weak Elastic Anisotropy". In geophysics the anisotropy in elastic properties is usually weak, in which case δ , γ , ϵ ≪ 1 {\ ... These expressions are also useful in some contexts where the anisotropy is not weak. Hooke's law Linear elasticity Orthotropic ... In geophysics, vertically transverse isotropy (VTI) is also known as radial anisotropy. This type of material exhibits ... Backus, G. E. (1962), Long-Wave Elastic Anisotropy Produced by Horizontal Layering, J. Geophys. Res., 67(11), 4427-4440 Ikelle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_isotropy
Janardan Ganpatrao NegiJanardan Ganpatrao Negi
His studies have been detailed in a book, Anisotropy in Geoelectromagnetism, as chapters in books by others, and as several ... J. G. Negi; P. D. Saraf (1989). Anisotropy in geoelectromagnetism. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-87495-5. S. Böhme; U. Esser; H. ... J. G. Negi; P. D. Saraf (1989). Anisotropy in geoelectromagnetism. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-87495-5. S. Böhme; U. Esser; H. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janardan_Ganpatrao_Negi
Evaluation of crack anisotropy in agricultural clay soils | Université de LiègeEvaluation of crack anisotropy in agricultural clay soils | Université de Liège
The test of Mardia (1976) was successfully used for the distinction of anisotropy of cracks in planar sections made through ... František Doležal, «Evaluation of crack anisotropy in agricultural clay soils», Acta Stereologica [En ligne], Volume 9 (1990), ...
https://popups.ulg.ac.be/0351-580x/index.php?id=2794
Anisotropy of Field-Compacted Asphalt Concrete MaterialAnisotropy of Field-Compacted Asphalt Concrete Material
This note presents a study to quantify the degree of anisotropy induced in situ by the compaction equipment. Large asphalt ... This note presents a study to quantify the degree of anisotropy induced in situ by the compaction equipment. Large asphalt ... The dynamic modulus obtained at different frequencies was used as the indicator of anisotropy in the three principal directions ...
https://www.astm.org/jte100151.html
Second order anisotropy contribution in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions | Scientific ReportsSecond order anisotropy contribution in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions | Scientific Reports
It is found that a second-order anisotropy term of the form −K2cos4θ must be added to the conventional uniaxial -K1cos2θ term ... By fitting these loops to an analytical model, the effective anisotropy fields in both free and reference layers were derived ... The four-fold bulk cubic anisotropy combined with the two-fold uniaxial anisotropies for the out-of-plane direction can yield ... Conversely, the four-fold anisotropy also reaches maxima when the field is out-of-plane while the two-fold anisotropy reaches ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep26877?error=cookies_not_supported&code=303524aa-fc6a-43a7-b4f3-618f569c467b
LAMBDA - Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe DR2. The data made available through this page has been updated. The most recent version ... Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology, D. Spergel, et.al (2006). ... Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Temperature Analysis, G. Hinshaw, et.al. (2006) ... Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Polarization Analysis, L. Page, et.al. (2006) ...
https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/wmap/dr2/templates_info.html
anisotropy soil | iMechanica
Dear all,. I am searching UMAT or numerical algorithm for anisotropic model for soil (clay).. Please give me the link if u have one.. Thank You in advance ...
https://www.imechanica.org/taxonomy/term/5601
Capillary pressure-dependent anisotropy of unsaturated soils - DRICapillary pressure-dependent anisotropy of unsaturated soils - DRI
Capillary pressure-dependent anisotropy of unsaturated soils. Sun, D., Zhu, J. (2010). Capillary pressure-dependent anisotropy ...
https://www.dri.edu/publication/385/
Modification of magnetocrystalline anisotropy via ion-implantation (Journal Article) | DOE PAGESModification of magnetocrystalline anisotropy via ion-implantation (Journal Article) | DOE PAGES
Tuning Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy by Oxygen Octahedral Rotations in (. La. 1. −. x. Sr. x. MnO. 3. ). /. (. SrIrO. 3. ) ... Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy via strain-engineered oxygen vacancy ordering in epitaxial L. a. 1. −. x. S. r. x. Co. O. 3. ... Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in UMn 2 Ge 2 and related Mn-based actinide ferromagnets. Journal Article Parker, David S. ; ... Tunable dimensional crossover and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Fe 2 P -based alloys. Journal Article Zhuravlev, I. A. ; ...
https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1631648-img795961-fig
Evidence for Weak Link Anisotropy Limitations on the Transport Critical Current in Bulk Polycrystalline Y1Ba2Cu3Ox | NISTEvidence for Weak Link Anisotropy Limitations on the Transport Critical Current in Bulk Polycrystalline Y1Ba2Cu3Ox | NIST
Evidence for Weak Link Anisotropy Limitations on the Transport Critical Current in Bulk Polycrystalline Y1Ba2Cu3Ox. ... Evidence for Weak Link Anisotropy Limitations on the Transport Critical Current in Bulk Polycrystalline Y,sub,1,/sub,Ba,sub,2,/ ... https://www.nist.gov/publications/evidence-weak-link-anisotropy-limitations-transport-critical-current-bulk ...
https://www.nist.gov/publications/evidence-weak-link-anisotropy-limitations-transport-critical-current-bulk
Intrinsic Anisotropy of Tb-Fe Films Prepared by Magnetron Co Sputtering - Nokia Bell LabsIntrinsic Anisotropy of Tb-Fe Films Prepared by Magnetron Co Sputtering - Nokia Bell Labs
Nokia sites use cookies to improve and personalize your experience and to display advertisements. The sites may also include cookies from third parties. By using this site, you consent to the use of cookies. Learn more ...
https://www.bell-labs.com/institute/publications/bl8400077/
November 2004 3Digest: DOOM III, 1024x768, AntiAliasing+Anisotropy, Windows XPNovember 2004 3Digest: DOOM III, 1024x768, AntiAliasing+Anisotropy, Windows XP
Anisotropy NVIDIA: *GeForce 4 Ti: (8x) *GeForce FX 5200/5600/5700/5900/5950: (8x) *GeForce 6800: (16x) ATI: *RADEON 9000/9200 ...
http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/digest3d/1104/itogi-video-d3-wxp-aaa-1024.html
Generalized Anisotropy - SurfaceGeneralized Anisotropy - Surface
6.0 Tightness of Anisotropy. The A and B parameters control the tightness of the anisotropy. Larger A and B parameters give a ... Generalized Anisotropy - Surface. 1.0 Introduction Anisotropic Surface Overview. The Anisotropic Surface option is only used in ... The Weak layer strength is the strength in the weakest direction of anisotropy. The Base material strength is the strength of ... Select File , Recent , Tutorial in the menu and open the file Generalized Anisotropy - Surface - starting file ...
https://www.rocscience.com/help/slide3/tutorials/anisotropic-material-models/generalized-anisotropy-surface
PDF] NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE (WMAP) OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER RESULTS | Semantic ScholarPDF] NINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE (WMAP) OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER RESULTS | Semantic Scholar
When WMAP data are combined with measurements of the high-l cosmic microwave background anisotropy, the baryon acoustic ... We present cosmological parameter constraints based on the final nine-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data, in ... FIVE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION. *E. Komatsu, K. Smith, +18 authors. E ... Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Implications for Cosmology. *D. Spergel, R. Bean, +19 ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/NINE-YEAR-WILKINSON-MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE-Hinshaw-Larson/d9105984e817dbbdd3198ad7719c14f28bc31be6
2005.05327] Inevitable imprints of patchy reionization on the cosmic microwave background anisotropy
Title:Inevitable imprints of patchy reionization on the cosmic microwave background anisotropy. Authors:Sourabh Paul, Suvodip ...
https://aps.arxiv.org/abs/2005.05327
APS -APS March Meeting 2014 - Event - Magnetic Anisotropy of a 3-Dimensional Honeycomb Iridate LatticeAPS -APS March Meeting 2014 - Event - Magnetic Anisotropy of a 3-Dimensional Honeycomb Iridate Lattice
We present magnetic anisotropy measurements of a 3-dimensional honeycomb iridate lattice. The large spin-orbit coupling and the ... Abstract: L4.00004 : Magnetic Anisotropy of a 3-Dimensional Honeycomb Iridate Lattice. 8:36 AM-8:48 AM ... An order of magnitude increase in anisotropy with field orientation at low temperature highlights the strong orbital character ... At high temperature, the geometry of the octahedral environment and the iridium g-factor anisotropy constrain the ...
https://meetings.aps.org/Meeting/MAR14/Session/L4.4
Anisotropy 2 - 3D model by James [620de41] - SketchfabAnisotropy 2 - 3D model by James [620de41] - Sketchfab
fractional anisotropy : Bipolar Network Newsfractional anisotropy : Bipolar Network News
Prior to illness onset, there was increased fractional anisotropy (FA), a sign of white matter integrity, but following the ... was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy, a measure of brain fiber integrity, in the cingulate gyrus in patients with ...
https://bipolarnews.org/?tag=fractional-anisotropy
Anisotropy | Graphite 101 | Asbury CarbonsAnisotropy | Graphite 101 | Asbury Carbons
An anisotropic material is a material that has different properties (chemical, physical, or both) depending on the crystallographic direction in which the property is observed. Learn more with Asbury Carbons today!
https://asbury.com/de/informationsangebot/education/graphite-101/anisotropy/
Contact force measurements and local anisotropy in ellipses and disks - NASA/ADSContact force measurements and local anisotropy in ellipses and disks - NASA/ADS
Our results uncover the role of local anisotropy in the statistical framework of granular materials and open a regime of ... Our results uncover the role of local anisotropy in the statistical framework of granular materials and open a regime of ... Contact force measurements and local anisotropy in ellipses and disks *Wang, Yinqiao ...
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PhRvR...3d3053W/abstract
Polarization dependent study of gain anisotropy in semipolar InGaN lasersPolarization dependent study of gain anisotropy in semipolar InGaN lasers
The optical gain of single quantum well laser structures on semipolar (1122)-GaN in dependence of the optical polarization and the resonator orientation has been studied by variable stripe length method. The c-[1123] resonator shows maximum gain in TE mode, followed by the m-[1100]-resonator with extraordinary polarization. The anisotropic gain behaviour is explained by valence sub-band ordering and birefringence of the wurtzite crystal, resulting in a modification of the transition matrix element for stimulated emission. Measurements are accompanied by 6 x 6 k . p band structure calculations and gain analysis.
https://publica.fraunhofer.de/entities/publication/1dc1b764-13a9-4e6b-84a5-762a1b942c98
Stress-Dependent Anisotropy of Shale: an Example • Geophysik • Fachbereich GeowissenschaftenStress-Dependent Anisotropy of Shale: an Example • Geophysik • Fachbereich Geowissenschaften
Stress-Dependent Anisotropy of Shale: an Example. R. Ciz and S. A. Shapiro - 2008. ...
https://www.geo.fu-berlin.de/geol/fachrichtungen/geophy/AG_Seismik/phase/reports/contributions/phase_2008_ciz/index.html
Influence of Anisotropy on the Mechanical Properties of Baixo Alentejo Flysch Rocks (Portugal) | ISRM Congress | OnePetroInfluence of Anisotropy on the Mechanical Properties of Baixo Alentejo Flysch Rocks (Portugal) | ISRM Congress | OnePetro
Influence of Anisotropy on the Mechanical Properties of Baixo Alentejo Flysch Rocks (Portugal) A. B. Pinho; A. B. Pinho ... The word anisotropy comes from two Greek words "anisos" (meaning uneven) and "tropos" (meaning direction). A body or material ... "Influence of Anisotropy on the Mechanical Properties of Baixo Alentejo Flysch Rocks (Portugal)." Paper presented at the 13th ... The anisotropy verified in some physical properties and on mechanical properties, due to the foliation makes difficult the ...
https://onepetro.org/isrmcongress/proceedings-abstract/CONGRESS13/All-CONGRESS13/ISRM-13CONGRESS-2015-227/165798?redirectedFrom=PDF
Evolution of Anisotropy in Collapsing Systems - aspbooks.org
No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or used in any form other than for personal use without written permission from the ASP ...
http://www.aspbooks.org/a/volumes/article_details/?paper_id=13459
Mapping the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy:Combined Analysis of QMAP Flights | MIT Kavli InstituteMapping the Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy:Combined Analysis of QMAP Flights | MIT Kavli Institute
de Oliveira-Costa, A. and Devlin, M.J. and Herbig, T. and Miller, A.D. and Netterfield, C.B. and Page, L.A. and Tegmark, M ...
https://space.mit.edu/publications/mapping-the-cosmic-microwave-background-anisotropycombined-analysis-of-qmap-flights/
Uniaxial anisotropy and high-frequency permeability of novel s...Uniaxial anisotropy and high-frequency permeability of novel s...
Uniaxial anisotropy and high-frequency permeability of novel soft magnetic FeCo TaN and FeCoAlN films field-annealed at CMOS ...
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/110059302
A review on anisotropy analysis of spatial point patternsA review on anisotropy analysis of spatial point patterns
Several methods for anisotropy analysis have been introduced in the literature. In this paper, we give an overview of ... nonparametric methods for anisotropy analysis of (stationary) point patterns in ℝ2 andℝ3. We discuss methods based on nearest ... Several methods for anisotropy analysis have been introduced in the literature. In this paper, we give an overview of ... A review on anisotropy analysis of spatial point patterns Review article, 2018 ...
https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/2d3c32bb-2c1f-42fb-843b-acf4665ab996
Electrical anisotropy of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced composites containing carbon black<...
Electrical anisotropy of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced composites containing carbon black. Sila Gungor, Charles E. ... Electrical anisotropy was analyzed in three directions: Through thickness, in-plane longitudinal and in-plane transverse. With ... Electrical anisotropy was analyzed in three directions: Through thickness, in-plane longitudinal and in-plane transverse. With ... Electrical anisotropy of unidirectional glass fiber reinforced composites containing carbon black. / Gungor, Sila; Bakis, ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/electrical-anisotropy-of-unidirectional-glass-fiber-reinforced-co
Post-doctoral - position perpendicular shape anisotropy - SpintecPost-doctoral - position perpendicular shape anisotropy - Spintec
The perpendicular shape anisotropy becomes the major source for stability, contributing on top of the surface anisotropy ... Recently Perpendicular Shape Anisotropy (PSA) has been demonstrated to provide a breakthrough in the scaling of MRAM cells well ... 2] K. Watanabe, B. Jinnai, S. Fukami, H. Sato, and H. Ohno, "Shape anisotropy revisited in single-digit nanometer magnetic ... Investigation of magnetization dynamics spin transfer torque driven reversal in perpendicular shape anisotropy magnetic tunnel ...
https://www.spintec.fr/post-doc-position-perpendicular-shape-anisotropy/
talks.cam : Adventures in anisotropy at the base of the mantle: New constraints on deep mantle dynamicstalks.cam : Adventures in anisotropy at the base of the mantle: New constraints on deep mantle dynamics
Adventures in anisotropy at the base of the mantle: New constraints on deep mantle dynamics. Add to your list(s) Download to ... Observations of seismic anisotropy, or the directional dependence of seismic wavespeeds, provide one some of the most direct ... "A regional test of global models for flow, rheology, and seismic anisotropy at the base of the mantle." Physics of the Earth ... "Lowermost mantle anisotropy beneath Africa from differential SKS ‐SKKS shear‐wave splitting." Journal of Geophysical Research: ...
https://talks.cam.ac.uk/talk/index/131299
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Brain Metastases: The Role of p, q, L, and Fractional Anisotropy |...Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Brain Metastases: The Role of p, q, L, and Fractional Anisotropy |...
Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Brain Metastases: The Role of p, q, L, and Fractional Anisotropy. W. ... Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Brain Metastases: The Role of p, q, L, and Fractional Anisotropy ... Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Brain Metastases: The Role of p, q, L, and Fractional Anisotropy ... Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Brain Metastases: The Role of p, q, L, and Fractional Anisotropy ...
http://www.ajnr.org/content/30/1/203/tab-figures-data
A new approach for characterization and prediction of natural fracture occurrence in tight oil sandstones with intense...A new approach for characterization and prediction of natural fracture occurrence in tight oil sandstones with intense...
Tight sandstones commonly have intense mechanical anisotropy, which means that fracture development in such tight formations ... and rock anisotropy). Finally, according to the failure criteria established using the measured mechanical parameters, the ... conducted to measure the mechanical parameters of rock samples in different directions that assessed the mechanical anisotropy ... new approach for characterization and prediction of natural fracture occurrence in tight oil sandstones with intense anisotropy ...
https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/aapgbull/article-abstract/103/6/1383/570434/A-new-approach-for-characterization-and-prediction?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Wilkinson MicroAzimuthal anisotropy of charged particlesVoltage-controlled magnetic anisotropyUniaxialAnisotropicFluorescenceInterface anisotropyInterfacial anisotropyMagnetocrystalline anisotropySeismicPerpendicularShearDynamicsParametersAbstractNanoscaleConstantsShrinkagePermeabilitySymmetrySituFractionalRotationalTemperatureSurfacePlanarObservationsPhenomenaParameterMechanicalDiffusionInvestigationSoilsFractureCharacterizeFerromagneticSusceptibilityShapeThicknessDemonstrateSuppressionDirectionalStrainHadronsDependent
Wilkinson Micro4
  • Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Beam Profiles, Data Processing, Radiometer Characterization and Systematic Error Limits , N. Jarosik, et.al. (nasa.gov)
  • Three-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Temperature Analysis , G. Hinshaw, et.al. (nasa.gov)
  • We present cosmological parameter constraints based on the final nine-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data, in conjunction with a number of additional cosmological data sets. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mapped the distribution of temperature and polarization over the entire sky in five microwave frequency bands. (semanticscholar.org)
Azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles2
  • The azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV is measured with the CMS detector at the LHC over an extended transverse momentum (pT) range up to approximately 60 GeV/c. (uzh.ch)
  • The ATLAS Collaboration 2018, ' Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles produced in √sNN = 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector ', European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields , vol. 78, 997, pp. 1-35. (royalholloway.ac.uk)
Voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy2
  • In this work, a spintronic device design based on Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) exploiting the use of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect is proposed as a solution to the write sneak path problem. (arxiv.org)
  • The voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) becomes a subject of major interest for spintronics due to its promising potential outcome: fast magnetization manipulation in magnetoresistive random access memories with enhanced storage density and very low power consumption. (researchsquare.com)
Uniaxial5
  • It is found that a second-order anisotropy term of the form −K 2 cos 4 θ must be added to the conventional uniaxial -K 1 cos 2 θ term to explain the experimental data. (nature.com)
  • Uniaxial anisotropy and high-frequency permeability of novel s. (kit.edu)
  • We determine the time-dependent changes in the in-plane and out-of-plane anisotropy constants and find a sign change in the uniaxial in-plane anisotropy in the first 24 h due to morphological changes at the surface. (kirensky.ru)
  • These results are obtained with a linear stability analysis of a single magnetic domain rigid nanosphere with uniaxial anisotropy in a Ioffe-Pritchard magnetic field. (nextbigfuture.com)
  • First, anisotropy can be induced with uniaxial strain. (northwestern.edu)
Anisotropic3
  • It allows you to define a 3D surface which is used to determine the local orientation of anisotropic material regions in which the direction of anisotropy changes with location. (rocscience.com)
  • Furthermore, the anisotropic weak layer has a variable orientation, therefore the direction of anisotropy changes. (rocscience.com)
  • Scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging of the as-grown samples reveals an anisotropic Nb dopant distribution, prompting an investigation of anisotropy in electronic properties. (warwick.ac.uk)
Fluorescence3
  • Techniques based on homo-FRET can reveal the aggregation state of receptor proteins because homo-FRET causes the fluorescence anisotropy of the system to decrease when the number of identical fluorophores within energy transfer distance increases. (ntu.ac.uk)
  • The experimental results showed that: 1) none of the clustered species followed the assumption of equal fluorescence efficiency, 2) by applying the assumption of equal fluorescence efficiency, anisotropies were under-predicted and cluster sizes were under-estimated in systems that show quenching and 3) anisotropy behaviour of a multiply labelled cluster of a particular size depends on the behaviour of the fluorophores and their distance in a cluster. (ntu.ac.uk)
  • Fluorescence anisotropy was used to characterize differences in the membrane fluidity of C. nodaensis with and without cold adaptation. (usda.gov)
Interface anisotropy2
  • The conventional CoFeB/MgO interface yields high TMR due to the coherent body centered cubic structure of the MgO tunnel and perpendicular interface anisotropy. (spintec.fr)
  • Transmission electron microscopy, the ion-irradiation simulations and the calculations of interface anisotropy found the ion-induced changes of magnetic properties not to be caused by the large microstructural changes but to be associated with localized ion-beam induced atomic disordering at the Co/Pt interfaces. (escholarship.org)
Interfacial anisotropy3
  • Concept of interfacial anisotropy was proposed in the pioneering work of L. Neel 1 predicting the perpendicular interfacial anisotropy as a result of the lowered symmetry at the surface/interface. (nature.com)
  • Quite frequently, in systems where interfacial anisotropy is present, the first order term proportional to K 1 s dominates the higher order term proportional to K 2 s . (nature.com)
  • The ion-induced changes in the magnetic properties are associated with a decrease in interfacial anisotropy, KS. (escholarship.org)
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy4
  • Previous studies on epitaxial Fe3O4 rings in the context of spin-transfer torque effect have revealed complicated and undesirable domain structures, attributed to the intrinsic fourfold magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the ferrite. (utwente.nl)
  • In this Letter, we report a viable solution to this problem, utilizing a 6-nm-thick epitaxial Fe3O4 thin film on GaAs(100), where the fourfold magnetocrystalline anisotropy is negligible. (utwente.nl)
  • Here we explore two alternative approaches to manipulate magnetocrystalline anisotropy and excite magnetization precession in a low-symmetry _lm of a magnetic metallic alloy galfenol (Fe,Ga) either by injecting picosecond strain pulse into it from a substrate or by generating dynamical strain of complex temporal profile in the film directly. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • In the latter case optically-generated strain emerged abruptly in the film modifies its magnetocrystalline anisotropy, competing with heat-induced change of anisotropy parameters. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Seismic4
  • Observations of seismic anisotropy, or the directional dependence of seismic wavespeeds, provide one some of the most direct constraints on the pattern of flow in the Earth's mantle. (cam.ac.uk)
  • It has been challenging to develop a similar framework for understanding flow in the lowermost mantle, even though there is convincing observational evidence for seismic anisotropy at these depths. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Ongoing improvements in seismic observational strategies, experimental and computational mineral physics, and geodynamic modeling approaches are leading to new avenues for understanding flow in the deep mantle through the study of seismic anisotropy. (cam.ac.uk)
  • A regional test of global models for flow, rheology, and seismic anisotropy at the base of the mantle. (cam.ac.uk)
Perpendicular6
  • This work was followed by experiments carried out on ultrathin NiFe films grown on Cu(111) 2 which confirmed the interfacial nature of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) observed in this system. (nature.com)
  • Recently Perpendicular Shape Anisotropy (PSA) has been demonstrated to provide a breakthrough in the scaling of MRAM cells well below sub-20nm lateral dimensions. (spintec.fr)
  • The perpendicular shape anisotropy becomes the major source for stability, contributing on top of the surface anisotropy already used in conventional perpendicular STT-MRAM approaches. (spintec.fr)
  • The purpose of this study is to experimentally investigate the magnetization dynamics of spin transfer torque driven reversal in perpendicular shape anisotropy (PSA) magnetic tunnel junctions. (spintec.fr)
  • A highly thermally stable sub-20 nm magnetic random-access memory based on perpendicular shape anisotropy," Nanoscale , vol. 10, no. 25, pp. 12187-12195, Jul. (spintec.fr)
  • The effects of growth temperature, TG, and ion-irradiation on the magnetic properties and microstructure of Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy were investigated. (escholarship.org)
Shear3
  • Lowermost mantle anisotropy beneath Africa from differential SKS ‐SKKS shear‐wave splitting. (cam.ac.uk)
  • We emphasize that in both approaches the ultrafast change of magnetic anisotropy mediating the precession excitation relies on mixed, compressive and shear, character of the dynamical strain, which emerges due to low-symmetry of the metallic film under study. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Universal anisotropy in force networks under shear. (ens.fr)
Dynamics1
  • Using a macrospin approach, we carried out a thorough analysis of the role of the VCMA on the magnetization dynamics of nanostructures with out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy. (researchsquare.com)
Parameters4
  • Then, triaxial tests were conducted to measure the mechanical parameters of rock samples in different directions that assessed the mechanical anisotropy of the formation and its impact on the development of fracture networks in the basin. (geoscienceworld.org)
  • The best agreement with the experimental data is obtained with a ratio of anisotropy parameters c4/c2=1.8. (tue.nl)
  • Diagrams of the magnetization switching have been computed depending on the material and experiment parameters (surface anisotropy, Gilbert damping, duration/amplitude of electric and magnetic field pulses) thus allowing predictive sets of parameters for optimum switching experiments. (researchsquare.com)
  • We demonstrate that the optically-generated strain remains efficient for launching magnetization precession, when the heat-induced changes of anisotropy parameters do not trigger the precession anymore. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "We determine the anisotropy of the spin-fluctuation-induced pairing gap on the Fermi surface of the FeAs-based superconductors as function of the exchange and Hund's coupling JH. (dundee.ac.uk)
Nanoscale1
  • It is of interfacial nature and is believed to be due to spatial fluctuations at the nanoscale of the first order anisotropy parameter at the FeCoB/MgO interface. (nature.com)
Constants2
  • where θ is the angle between magnetization and normal to the plane of the layers, K 1 s , K 2 s … are constants of the first and second order surface anisotropy energy per unit area and t is the thickness of the FM layer. (nature.com)
  • We report an in situ study of the time evolution of magnetic anisotropy constants of an uncapped 4 nm [∼27 monolayers (ML)] Fe film epitaxially grown on a GaAs (110) substrate at room temperature under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. (kirensky.ru)
Shrinkage1
  • We have grown cylindrical ∼98% aerogels with anisotropy indicated by preferential radial shrinkage after supercritical drying and find that this shrinkage correlates with small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). (northwestern.edu)
Permeability1
  • Crustal rocks are commonly permeated by aligned fractures which may control the wave anisotropy and permeability pattern. (northwestern.edu)
Symmetry2
  • Due to the axial symmetry, the system energy remains invariant around a cone with opening angle θ c yielding a so-called "easy-cone" anisotropy. (nature.com)
  • The diamagnetic SnS2 phase causes a decrease in symmetry and an increase in magnetic anisotropy of the Mo3+ ions. (ntnu.edu.tw)
Situ2
  • This note presents a study to quantify the degree of anisotropy induced in situ by the compaction equipment. (astm.org)
  • The in situ FMR measurements and the Auger analysis allow us to exclude changes in the magnetization and anisotropy due to the contamination and oxidation of the Fe film. (kirensky.ru)
Fractional1
  • Prior to illness onset, there was increased fractional anisotropy (FA), a sign of white matter integrity, but following the onset of full-blown bipolar illness there were decreases in FA. (bipolarnews.org)
Rotational3
  • Two different rotational-rainbow maxima can appear even for homonuclear product molecules when the interaction potential contains substantial anisotropy described by a fourth-order Legendre polynomial P4. (tue.nl)
  • This type of anisotropy can explain the bimodal rotational distribution of the product N2(C) of the exothermic excitation-transfer collision Ar*(3P0,2)+N2(X), with an energy release ΔE=701 and 521 meV for the 3P0 and 3P2 states, respectively, as measured by Nguyen and Sadeghi at a temperature of 90 K (=11 meV). (tue.nl)
  • Beijerinck, H.C.W. / Multiple rainbow singularities in product rotational distributions of exothermic collisions : a probe for the P4 anisotropy of the system Ar(1S0) + N2(C3Πu) . (tue.nl)
Temperature3
  • By fitting these loops to an analytical model, the effective anisotropy fields in both free and reference layers were derived and their variations in temperature range between 340 K and 5 K were determined. (nature.com)
  • At high temperature, the geometry of the octahedral environment and the iridium g-factor anisotropy constrain the susceptibility. (aps.org)
  • An order of magnitude increase in anisotropy with field orientation at low temperature highlights the strong orbital character of the coupling. (aps.org)
Surface2
  • One can also divide the magnetic anisotropy as arising from the bulk and/or from the surface or interface of the layer. (nature.com)
  • We find that for sufficiently large JH, nearly commensurate magnetic fluctuations yield a fully gapped s±-pairing state with small anisotropy of the gap amplitude on each Fermi-surface sheet, but significant variations of the gap amplitude for different sheets of the Fermi surface. (dundee.ac.uk)
Planar2
  • The test of Mardia (1976) was successfully used for the distinction of anisotropy of cracks in planar sections made through agricultural clay soils. (ac.be)
  • We demonstrate that in the Fe3O4 planar wires patterned from our thin film, such a unique magnetic anisotropy system has been preserved, and relatively simple magnetic domain configurations compared to those previous reports can be obtained. (utwente.nl)
Observations1
  • In particular, as our understanding of crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of olivine aggregates under a range of deformation conditions has improved, our ability to exploit observations of upper mantle anisotropy has led to fundamental discoveries about the patterns of flow in the upper mantle and the drivers of that flow. (cam.ac.uk)
Phenomena1
  • The data cover both the low-pT region associated with hydrodynamic flow phenomena and the high-pT region where the anisotropies may reflect the path-length dependence of parton energy loss in the created medium. (uzh.ch)
Parameter1
  • The anisotropy parameter (v2) of the particles is extracted by correlating charged tracks with respect to the event-plane reconstructed by using the energy deposited in forward-angle calorimeters. (uzh.ch)
Mechanical5
  • Our results uncover the role of local anisotropy in the statistical framework of granular materials and open a regime of exploring the role of particle shape on the mechanical and dynamical properties of granular materials in depth. (harvard.edu)
  • This study highlights the influence of anisotropy and heterogeneity of these flysch rocks on their physical and mechanical characteristics. (onepetro.org)
  • The anisotropy verified in some physical properties and on mechanical properties, due to the foliation makes difficult the sample preparation for the laboratory tests. (onepetro.org)
  • Tight sandstones commonly have intense mechanical anisotropy, which means that fracture development in such tight formations may vary widely with respect to fracture orientations. (geoscienceworld.org)
  • Although tissue engineering is a useful approach to regenerating cartilage, mechanical anisotropy has not been reconstructed from a cellular organization level. (elsevier.com)
Diffusion2
  • Five days later, diffusion tensor MRI data were acquired for indices of anisotropy (IA) for use in a novel method of analysis to detect changes in gray matter microarchitecture. (harvard.edu)
  • Possible diffusion routes for interstitial Ti atoms are investigated and strong anisotropy in interstitial diffusion in TiO 2 is supported by the results. (elsevier.com)
Investigation1
  • This investigation concerns the tailoring of electrical anisotropy of unidirectionally reinforced glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRP) composites for the purpose of matrix damage detection by the electrical resistance method. (elsevier.com)
Soils1
  • František Doležal , «Evaluation of crack anisotropy in agricultural clay soils», Acta Stereologica [En ligne], Volume 9 (1990), Number 1 - Proceedings of the fifth European congress for stereology - Part three - June 1990, 125-133 URL : https://popups.ulg.ac.be/0351-580x/index.php?id=2794. (ac.be)
Fracture1
  • Next, finite element numerical simulations of the paleotectonic stress field during fracturing were performed based on the fracture formation mechanism and controlling factors (lithology, bed thickness, sedimentary microfacies, and rock anisotropy). (geoscienceworld.org)
Characterize1
  • The opposite of anisotropy is isotropy wherein the same values characterize the object when measured along axes in all directions. (bvsalud.org)
Ferromagnetic2
  • The existence of this higher order anisotropy was also confirmed by ferromagnetic resonance experiments on FeCoB/MgO sheet films. (nature.com)
  • Magnetic anisotropy is a key feature of a ferromagnetic material playing a crucial role in technical applications of these materials. (nature.com)
Susceptibility1
  • Its qualities but also its defects as the dimensional instability, the susceptibility to biological attack, the anisotropy, are due to its complex structure. (irg-wp.com)
Shape2
  • These interactions provide respectively shape, exchange and magnetocrystalline (magnetoelastic) anisotropies. (nature.com)
  • At high enough doses, KS becomes comparable to the shape anisotropy and a transition to in-plane magnetization results. (escholarship.org)
Thickness1
  • Electrical anisotropy was analyzed in three directions: Through thickness, in-plane longitudinal and in-plane transverse. (elsevier.com)
Demonstrate1
  • We perform effective bandstructure and conductivity calculations on realistic models of the material that demonstrate that a high level of anisotropy can be expected in electronic properties including conductivity. (warwick.ac.uk)
Suppression1
  • On the other hand, the flux suppression reduces the statistics available for searching for such anisotropies. (sissa.it)
Directional1
  • DTI can be used to measure anisotropy per voxel and provides the directional information relevant for magnetic resonance tractography or fiber tracking in vivo. (medscape.com)
Strain1
  • The growth-induced anisotropy was found to be ∼90° out of phase relative to that induced by strain. (northwestern.edu)
Hadrons1
  • They vary slowly with pT and show a systematic variation with centrality which is characteristic of other anisotropy measurements, such as that observed for inclusive hadrons. (sussex.ac.uk)
Dependent1
  • Then, based on the solutions and Foldy's scattering theorem we develop a dynamic-effective-medium model to estimate frequency-dependent anisotropy of wave propagation in a fluid-saturated poroelastic rock with a sparse set of aligned fractures. (northwestern.edu)
Cooperative inhibition of SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion by α-synuclein monomers and oligomers | Scientific Reports
Cooperative inhibition of SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion by α-synuclein monomers and oligomers | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
Cosmology - Wikipedia
Cosmology - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Fluctuating superconductivity in organic molecular metals close to the Mott transition | Nature
Fluctuating superconductivity in organic molecular metals close to the Mott transition | Nature (nature.com)
Dynamic history of the inner core constrained by seismic anisotropy | Nature Geoscience
Dynamic history of the inner core constrained by seismic anisotropy | Nature Geoscience (nature.com)
Anisotropy of Field-Compacted Asphalt Concrete Material
Anisotropy of Field-Compacted Asphalt Concrete Material (astm.org)
Mark A. Iadicola | NIST
Mark A. Iadicola | NIST (nist.gov)
Pressure-temperature phase diagrams of CaK(Fe1-xNix)4As4 superconductors (Journal Article) | DOE PAGES
Pressure-temperature phase diagrams of CaK(Fe1-xNix)4As4 superconductors (Journal Article) | DOE PAGES (osti.gov)
CDC - Mining - Confinement-Dependent Characteristics of a Utah Coal - NIOSH
CDC - Mining - Confinement-Dependent Characteristics of a Utah Coal - NIOSH (cdc.gov)
Epigenomic profiling of preterm infants reveals DNA methylation differences at sites associated with neural function |...
Epigenomic profiling of preterm infants reveals DNA methylation differences at sites associated with neural function |... (nature.com)
Fibremod™ - Automotive - Polyolefins - Borealis
Fibremod™ - Automotive - Polyolefins - Borealis (borealisgroup.com)
Anisotropy 2 - 3D model by James [620de41] - Sketchfab
Anisotropy 2 - 3D model by James [620de41] - Sketchfab (sketchfab.com)
Archaean and Proterozoic diamond growth from contrasting styles of large-scale magmatism | Nature Communications
Archaean and Proterozoic diamond growth from contrasting styles of large-scale magmatism | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Nano/Micro self-assembly ‒ LMIS1 ‐ EPFL
Nano/Micro self-assembly ‒ LMIS1 ‐ EPFL (epfl.ch)
Complex RhEologies in Earth dynamics and industrial Processes | CREEP Project | Results | H2020 | CORDIS | European Commission
Complex RhEologies in Earth dynamics and industrial Processes | CREEP Project | Results | H2020 | CORDIS | European Commission (cordis.europa.eu)
Transmural Remodeling of Cardiac Microstructure in Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Diffusion Tensor MRI (Journal...
Transmural Remodeling of Cardiac Microstructure in Aged Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Diffusion Tensor MRI (Journal... (osti.gov)
Page 3: doc. RNDr. Rostislav Melichar, Dr. - Publications | Masaryk University
Page 3: doc. RNDr. Rostislav Melichar, Dr. - Publications | Masaryk University (muni.cz)
Acquiring More Azimuths for Improved Offshore Seismic Resolution | Marine Seismic Acquisition | Seismic Survey Design | PGS
Acquiring More Azimuths for Improved Offshore Seismic Resolution | Marine Seismic Acquisition | Seismic Survey Design | PGS (pgs.com)
Heavy Drinking by Teens May Affect White Matter Integrity
Heavy Drinking by Teens May Affect White Matter Integrity (medscape.com)
3Digest, July 2007. PCI-E Cards: Call Of Juarez, AntiAliasing+Anisotropy, Windows XP
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Brain Abnormalities in Drug-Naive Parkinson's Disease
Brain Abnormalities in Drug-Naive Parkinson's Disease (medscape.com)
Selection of DNA Aptamers for Ovarian Cancer Biomarker CA125 Using One-Pot SELEX and High-Throughput Sequencing
Selection of DNA Aptamers for Ovarian Cancer Biomarker CA125 Using One-Pot SELEX and High-Throughput Sequencing (hindawi.com)
New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods in Nephrology
New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods in Nephrology (medscape.com)
New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods in Nephrology
New Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods in Nephrology (medscape.com)