Retinoscopy
Amblyopia
A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.
Refractive Errors
Strabismus
Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)
Astigmatism
Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Hyperopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back. It is also called farsightedness because the near point is more distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Aniseikonia
Esotropia
Visual Acuity
Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.
Eyeglasses
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.
Refractive Surgical Procedures
Accommodation, Ocular
The dioptric adjustment of the EYE (to attain maximal sharpness of retinal imagery for an object of regard) referring to the ability, to the mechanism, or to the process. Ocular accommodation is the effecting of refractive changes by changes in the shape of the CRYSTALLINE LENS. Loosely, it refers to ocular adjustments for VISION, OCULAR at various distances. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Exotropia
A form of ocular misalignment where the visual axes diverge inappropriately. For example, medial rectus muscle weakness may produce this condition as the affected eye will deviate laterally upon attempted forward gaze. An exotropia occurs due to the relatively unopposed force exerted on the eye by the lateral rectus muscle, which pulls the eye in an outward direction.
Dominance, Ocular
The functional superiority and preferential use of one eye over the other. The term is usually applied to superiority in sighting (VISUAL PERCEPTION) or motor task but not difference in VISUAL ACUITY or dysfunction of one of the eyes. Ocular dominance can be modified by visual input and NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS.
Vision Screening
Application of tests and examinations to identify visual defects or vision disorders occurring in specific populations, as in school children, the elderly, etc. It is differentiated from VISION TESTS, which are given to evaluate/measure individual visual performance not related to a specific population.
Sensory Deprivation
Axial Length, Eye
Corneal Topography
The measurement of curvature and shape of the anterior surface of the cornea using techniques such as keratometry, keratoscopy, photokeratoscopy, profile photography, computer-assisted image processing and videokeratography. This measurement is often applied in the fitting of contact lenses and in diagnosing corneal diseases or corneal changes including keratoconus, which occur after keratotomy and keratoplasty.
Occlusive Dressings
Eye
Ocular Physiological Phenomena
Prevalence
The role of optical defocus in regulating refractive development in infant monkeys. (1/126)
Early in life, the two eyes of infant primates normally grow in a coordinated manner toward the ideal refractive state. We investigated the extent to which lens-induced changes in the effective focus of the eye affected refractive development in infant rhesus monkeys. The main finding was that spectacle lenses could predictably alter the growth of one or both eyes resulting in appropriate compensating refractive changes in both the hyperopic and myopic directions. Although the effective operating range of the emmetropization process in young monkeys is somewhat limited, the results demonstrate that emmetropization in this higher primate, as in a number of other species, is an active process that is regulated by optical defocus associated with the eye's effective refractive state. (+info)The therapy of amblyopia: an analysis of the results of amblyopia therapy utilizing the pooled data of published studies. (2/126)
CONTEXT: Although the treatment of amblyopia with occlusion has changed little over the past 3 centuries, there is little agreement about which regimes are most effective and for what reasons. OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of occlusion therapy in patients with anisometropic, strabismic, and strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia employing the raw data from 961 patients reported in 23 studies published between 1965 and 1994. DESIGN: Analysis of the published literature on amblyopia therapy results during the above interval, utilizing primary data obtained from the authors of these articles or tables published in the articles detailing individual patient outcomes. PARTICIPANTS: 961 amblyopic patients, participants in 23 studies, undergoing patching therapy for amblyopia from 1965 to 1994 with anisometropia, strabismus, or anisometropia-strabismus. MAIN OUTCOMES: In the pooled data set, success of occlusion therapy was defined as visual acuity of 20/40 at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Success by the 20/40 criteria was achieved in 512 of 689 (74.3%) patients. By category, 312 of 402 (77.6%) were successful in strabismic amblyopia, 44 of 75 (58.7%) in strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia, and 72 of 108 (66.7%) in anisometropic amblyopia. Success was not related to the duration of occlusion therapy, type of occlusion used, accompanying refractive error, patient's sex, or eye. Univariate analyses showed that success was related to the age at which therapy was initiated; the type of amblyopia; the depth of visual loss before treatment for the anisometropic patients and the strabismic patients, but not for the anisometropic-strabismic patients; and the difference in spherical equivalents between eyes, for the anisometropic patients. Logistic/linear regression revealed that 3 were independent predictors of a successful outcome of amblyopia therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Factors that appear most closely related to a successful outcome are age, type of amblyopia, and depth of visual loss before treatment. These may be related to factors, as yet undetermined in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. With present emphasis on the value of screening and prevention and the development of new screening tools, such a look at the results of amblyopia therapy in a large population seems indicated. (+info)Amblyopia and visual acuity in children with Down's syndrome. (3/126)
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Amblyopia in people with Down's syndrome has not been well investigated. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and associated conditions of amblyopia in a group of home reared children with Down's syndrome. METHODS: All children in the study group underwent an evaluation of visual acuity. In addition, previous ophthalmological records were reviewed, and a subgroup of children was examined. For the purposes of this study, amblyopia was defined quantitatively as a difference of two Snellen acuity lines between eyes or if unilateral central steady maintained (CSM) vision and a clear fixation preference was observed. A high refractive error was defined as a spherical equivalent more than 3 dioptres and astigmatism more than 1.75 dioptres. Anisometropia was defined as a difference of at least 1.5 dioptres of sphere and/or 1.0 dioptre of cylinder between eyes. 68 children with Down's syndrome between the ages of 5 and 19 years were enrolled in the final study group. RESULTS: Amblyopia was observed in 15 (22%) of 68 patients. An additional 16 (24%) patients had bilateral vision less than 20/50. Strabismus, high refractive errors, and anisometropia were the conditions most commonly associated with decreased vision and amblyopia CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the prevalence of amblyopia is higher than previously reported. Fully 46% of these children with Down's syndrome had evidence of substantial visual deficits. These patients may be at higher risk for visual impairment and should be carefully examined for ophthalmological problems. (+info)The association between anisometropia, amblyopia, and binocularity in the absence of strabismus. (4/126)
PURPOSE: First, to determine if thresholds exist for the development of amblyopia and subnormal binocularity with various types of anisometropia and to confirm or refute existing guidelines for its treatment or observation. Second, to delineate any association between the degree or type of anisometropia and the depth of amblyopia and severity of binocular sensory abnormalities. METHODS: Four hundred eleven (411) patients with various levels of anisometropia, no previous therapy, and no other ocular pathology were evaluated. The effect of anisometropia (both corrected and uncorrected) on monocular acuity and binocular function was examined. RESULTS: Spherical myopic anisometropia (SMA) of > 2 diopters (D) or spherical hypermetropic anisometropia (SHA) of > 1 D results in a statistically significant increase in the incidence of amblyopia and decrease in binocular function when compared to non anisometropic patients. Increasing levels of SMA and SHA beyond these thresholds were also associated with increasing depth (and in the case of SHA, incidence as well) of amblyopia. Cylindrical myopic anisometropia (CMA) or cylindrical hyperopic anisometropia (CHA) of > 1.5 D results in a statistically significant increase in amblyopia and decrease in binocular function. A clinically significant increase in amblyopia occurs with > 1 D of CMA or CHA. Increasing levels of CMA and CHA beyond > 1 D were also associated with an increased incidence (and in the case of SMA, depth as well) of amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides guidelines for the treatment or observation of anisometropia and confirms and characterizes the association between the type and degree of anisometropia and the incidence and severity of amblyopia and subnormal binocularity. (+info)Factors limiting contrast sensitivity in experimentally amblyopic macaque monkeys. (5/126)
Contrast detection is impaired in amblyopes. To understand the contrast processing deficit in amblyopia, we studied the effects of masking noise on contrast threshold in amblyopic macaque monkeys. Amblyopia developed as a result of either experimentally induced strabismus or anisometropia. We used random spatiotemporal broadband noise of varying contrast power to mask the detection of sinusoidal grating patches. We compared masking in the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes. From the masking functions, we calculated equivalent noise contrast (the noise power at which detection threshold was elevated by square root of 2) and signal-to-noise ratio (the ratio of threshold contrast to noise contrast at high noise power). The relation between contrast threshold and masking noise level was similar for amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes. Although in most cases there was some elevation in equivalent noise for amblyopic compared to fellow eyes, signal-to-noise ratio showed greater variation with the extent of amblyopia. These results support the idea that the contrast detection deficit in amblyopia is a cortical deficit. (+info)Outcome in refractive accommodative esotropia. (6/126)
AIM: To examine outcome among children with refractive accommodative esotropia. METHODS: Children with accommodative esotropia associated with hyperopia were included in the study. The features studied were ocular alignment, amblyopia, and the response to treatment, binocular single vision, requirement for surgery, and the change in refraction with age. RESULTS: 103 children with refractive accommodative esotropia were identified. Mean follow up was 4.5 years (range 2-9.5 years). 41 children (39.8%) were fully accommodative (no manifest deviation with full hyperopic correction). The remaining 62 children (60.2%) were partially accommodative. At presentation 61.2% of children were amblyopic in one eye decreasing to 15.5% at the most recent examination. Stereopsis was demonstrated in 89.3% of children at the most recent examination. Mean cycloplegic refraction (dioptres, spherical equivalent) remained stable throughout the follow up period. The mean change in refraction per year was 0.005 dioptres (D) in right eyes (95% CL -0. 0098 to 0.02) and 0.001 D in left eyes (95% CL -0.018 to 0.021). No patients were able to discard their glasses and maintain alignment. CONCLUSIONS: Most children with refractive accommodative esotropia have an excellent outcome in terms of visual acuity and binocular single vision. Current management strategies for this condition result in a marked reduction in the prevalence of amblyopia compared with the prevalence at presentation. The degree of hyperopia, however, remains unchanged with poor prospects for discontinuing glasses wear. The possibility that long term full time glasses wear impedes emmetropisation must be considered. It is also conceivable, however, that these children may behave differently with normal and be predestined to remain hyperopic. (+info)The role of anisometropia in the development of accommodative esotropia. (7/126)
PURPOSE: To determine if anisometropia increases the risk for the development of accommodative esotropia in hypermetropia. METHODS: Records of all new patients with a refractive error of > or = +2.00 (mean spherical equivalent [SE] of both eyes) over a 42-month period were reviewed. Three hundred forty-five (345) patients were thus analyzed to determine the effect of anisometropia (> or = 1 diopter [D]) on the relative risk of developing esodeviation and of requiring surgical correction once esodeviation was present (uncontrolled deviation). RESULTS: Anisometropia (> or = 1 D) increased the relative risk of developing accommodative esodeviation to 1.68 (P < .05). Anisometropia (> or = 1 D) increased the relative risk for esodeviation to 7.8 (P < .05) in patients with a mean SE of < 3 D and to 1.49 (P < .05) in patients with SE of > or = 3 D. This difference was significant (P = .016). In patients with esotropia and anisometropia (> or = 1 D), the relative risk for an uncontrolled deviation was 1.72 (P < .05) compared with nonanisometropic esotropic patients. Uncontrolled esodeviation was present in 33% of anisometropic patients versus 0% of nonanisometropic patients with a mean hypermetropic SE of < 3 D (P = .003); however, anisometropia did not increase the relative risk of uncontrolled esotropia in patients with SE of > or = 3 D. Although amblyopia and anisometropia were closely associated, anisometropia increased the relative risk of esodeviation to 2.14 (P < .05) even in the absence of amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: Anisometropia (> 1 D) is a significant risk factor for the development of accommodative esodeviation, especially in patients with lower overall hypermetropia (< 3 D). Anisometropia also increases the risk that an accommodative esodeviation will not be fully eliminated with hypermetropic correction. (+info)Contour integration deficits in anisometropic amblyopia. (8/126)
PURPOSE: Previous retrospective studies have found that integration of orientation information along contours defined by Gabor patches is abnormal in strabismic, but not in anisometropic, amblyopia. This study was conducted to reexamine the question of whether anisometropic amblyopes have contour integration deficits prospectively in an untreated sample, to isolate the effects of the disease from the effects of prior treatment-factors that may have confounded the results in previous retrospective studies. METHODS: Contour detection thresholds, optotype acuity, and stereoacuity were measured in a group of 19 newly diagnosed anisometropic amblyopes before initiation of occlusion therapy. Contour detection thresholds were measured using a card-based procedure. RESULTS: Significant interocular differences in contour detection thresholds were present in 14 of the 19 patients with anisometropic amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: Contour integration deficits are a common, but not universal, finding in untreated anisometropic amblyopia. Differences in the prevalence of contour integration deficits between the present study and that of another study may lie in differences in treatment history and/or in the sensitivity of the two different contour integration tasks. (+info)
Prevalence of anisometropia and its association with refractive error and amblyopia in preschool children | British Journal of...
Anisometropia
All biometric components are important in anisometropia, not just axial length | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Progesssion of Myopia and Anisometropia in Individual Children with Regressed Retinopathy of Prematurity | IOVS | ARVO Journals
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Anisometropia | definition of anisometropia by Medical dictionary
Observational Study of Optical Correction for Strabismic Amblyopia in Children 3 to |7 Years Old - Tabular View -...
Corrigendum to Perceptual learning improves contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in adults with anisometropic amblyopia ...
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Anisometropia
However, anisometropia is associated with age regardless of cataract development: a rapid decrease in anisometropia during the ... In a study performed on 53 children who had amblyopia due to anisometropia, surgical correction of the anisometropia followed ... Secondly, different criteria have been employed to define anisometropia, and the boundary between anisometropia and isometropia ... Anisometropia follows a U-shape distribution according to age: it is frequent in infants aged only a few weeks, is more rare in ...
Aniseikonia
For some patients the removal was only performed on one eye, resulting in the anisometropia / aniseikonia. Today, this is ... Dartmouth Eye Institute, research in the 1930s and 1940s on aniseikonia) Anisometropia Macropsia Micropsia Berens, Conrad; ... ISBN 978-81-312-1132-8. "Patients with anisometropia and aniseikonia". Borish's clinical refraction (2nd ed.). Butterworth ... usually anisometropia (having significantly different refractive errors between each eye) or antimetropia (being myopic ( ...
Amblyopia
Refractive amblyopia may result from anisometropia (unequal refractive error between the two eyes). Anisometropia exists when ... Frequently, amblyopia is associated with a combination of anisometropia and strabismus. In some cases, the vision between the ... Given that the refractive correction of anisometropia by means of spectacles typically leads to different image magnification ... Amblyopia has three main causes: Strabismic: by strabismus (misaligned eyes) Refractive: by anisometropia (difference of a ...
Ocular dominance
Vincent SJ, Collins MJ, Read SA, Carney LG, Yap MK (December 2011). "Interocular symmetry in myopic anisometropia" (PDF). ...
Refractive error
Other terminology include anisometropia, when the two eyes have unequal refractive power, and aniseikonia which is when the ... "Anisometropia - American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus". aapos.org. Retrieved 10 February 2020. " ...
Four prism dioptre reflex test
Anisometropia in a patient can lead to a microtropia. If left untreated at a young age foveal suppression occurs and the ... anisometropia and poorer stereopsis. Eccentric fixation utilises an abnormal retinal correspondence point and not the fovea, no ...
Yoon Suk-yeol
Yoon was exempted in 1982 from national service due to anisometropia. Yoon later added that he was unable to obtain a driving ...
Suppression (eye)
The scene simply disappears for the suppressed eye." Suppression is frequent in children with anisometropia or strabismus or ...
List of Israeli inventions and discoveries
Line free single power bicentric prismatic spectacle lens for correction of anisometropia. Sydney J. Bush UK patent no. 1539381 ...
Aphakia
Due to high anisometropia, spectacle correction in uniocular aphakia may cause diplopia. Glaucoma: Secondary angle closure ...
Treacher Collins syndrome
Vision loss can occur and is associated with strabismus, refractive errors, and anisometropia. It can also be caused by ...
Marcus Gunn phenomenon
This condition has been associated with amblyopia (in 54% of cases), anisometropia (26%), and strabismus (56%). Although ...
Hypertropia
Refractive errors such as hyperopia and anisometropia may be associated abnormalities found in patients with vertical ...
Optical power
Anisometropia is the condition in which one eye has a different refractive power than the other eye. Lens clock Lensmeter Plate ...
Diplopia
Abscess Aniseikonia Anisometropia Antipsychotics (haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine etc.) Atypical parkinsonisms, ...
Aspheric lens
... anisometropia). Not related to the optical quality, they may give a thinner lens, and also distort the viewer's eyes less as ...
Eye disease
Anisometropia - the lenses of the two eyes have different focal lengths (H52.4) Presbyopia - a condition that occurs with ...
Pediatric ophthalmology
... anisometropia) or one of the eye is misaligned for a long period of time (Strabismus). The management of amblyopia involves ...
Strabismus
In case of strong anisometropia, contact lenses may be preferable to spectacles because they avoid the problem of visual ...
List of ICD-9 codes 320-389: diseases of the nervous system and sense organs
367 Disorders of refraction and accommodation 367.0 Hypermetropia 367.1 Myopia 367.2 Astigmatism 367.3 Anisometropia and ...
Visual acuity
... anisometropia (unequal refractive error between the two eyes), or covering or patching the eye during medical treatment, will ...
Monocular
... anisometropia or astigmatism) or unilateral visual impairment (due to amblyopia, cataract or corneal ulceration). Conventional ...
Binocular vision
... amblyogenic anisometropia, constant unilateral esotropia or exotropia, amblyogenic bilateral isometropia, amblyogenic ...
Refractive surgery
... anisometropia, anisometric amblyopia or accommodative esotropia. Interventions on young children may require general ...
List of MeSH codes (C11)
... anisometropia MeSH C11.744.212 - astigmatism MeSH C11.744.479 - hyperopia MeSH C11.744.636 - myopia MeSH C11.744.636.500 - ...
What can anisometropia tell us about eye growth? | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Amblyopia Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Small amounts of hyperopic anisometropia, such as 1-2 diopters, can induce amblyopia. In myopia, mild myopic anisometropia up ... Hypermetropic anisometropia of 1.50 diopters or greater has been shown to be a long-term risk factor for deterioration of ... Anisometropia. Inhibition of the fovea occurs to eliminate the abnormal binocular interaction caused by one defocused image and ...
Anisometropia
... this is a unique subset of anisometropia called antimetropia. Anisometropia is actually fairly common. An estimated 20% of ... and then to meet the technical criteria of anisometropia the difference between the right and left eye is two or more diopters ... Anisometropia is the condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive (glasses) power. The name is derived from Greek ... Types of Anisometropia. Simple Anisometropia. Simple anisometropia occurs when only one eye has a refractive error. The eye can ...
Anisometropia
... this is a unique subset of anisometropia called antimetropia. Anisometropia is actually fairly common. An estimated 20% of ... and then to meet the technical criteria of anisometropia the difference between the right and left eye is two or more diopters ... Anisometropia is the condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive (glasses) power. The name is derived from Greek ... Types of Anisometropia. Simple Anisometropia. Simple anisometropia occurs when only one eye has a refractive error. The eye can ...
Sturge-Weber Syndrome Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Pharmacologic Treatment of Seizures, Pharmacologic...
Vision Therapy for Anisometropia | Dr. Steven Wang
Vision Therapy for Anisometropia | Dr. Carmen Abesamis-Dichoso
MESVision Knowledge Center
anisometropia. A condition in which the eyes have unequal refractive power. anterior chamber. Fluid-filled space inside the eye ... anisometropia. A condition in which the eyes have unequal refractive power. anterior chamber. Fluid-filled space inside the eye ... or 20/60 for certain conditions of Anisometropia. A report from the provider and approval from Medical Eye Services is required ... or 20/60 for certain conditions of Anisometropia. A report from the provider and approval from Medical Eye Services is required ...
Evidence Summary: Vision in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce
Strabismus, 23%; anisometropia, 47%; strabismus and anisometropia, 30%. 0.56 logMAR. (≈Snellen equivalent 20/75). United States ... Anisometropia, 72%. 0.36 logMAR. (≈Snellen 20/45). United Kingdom. (8 eye clinics). Patching + eyeglasses vs eyeglasses only vs ... Associations of anisometropia with unilateral amblyopia, interocular acuity difference, and stereoacuity in preschoolers. ... Specific conditions associated with amblyopia are anisometropia (a difference in refractive power between the eyes, in which ...
Fusional Vergence Detected by Prism Bar and Synoptophore in Chinese Childhood Intermittent Exotropia
Search Results - OptiBoard Discussion Forums
Can a person be short sighted in one eye and long sighted in the other?
Learn about this rare condition called anisometropia (or, more accurately, antimetropia) - and what can be done about it. ... In simple anisometropia one eye has no prescription while the other can be log or short sighted. In complex anisometropia, both ... Treatment of anisometropia. Early diagnosis and treatment of anisometropia are critical so the brain doesn't ignore the ... Anisometropia symptoms. A person with anisometropia or antimetropia will see noticeably unequal blur in the two eyes at ...
Eye Health Conditions | Case Definitions and Data Indicators | Project Description | Vision and Eye Health Surveillance System ...
Refractive Errors | Astigmatism | Myopia | MedlinePlus
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Glossary of Lasik Laser Eye Surgery Related Terms - Numbers~A
Anisometropia The condition in which the two eyes have an unequal refractive power. One eye may be myopic (nearsighted, ... Anisometropia The absence of refractive error symmetry between both eyes. If one persons eye has a refractive error that is ... shortsighted) and the other hyperopic (farsighted, longsighted). Detailed Anisometropia and Lasik Information. Anophthalmia. ... more than one diopter greater than the other, it is called anisometropia. Anterior_Chamber The anterior chamber is in the front ...
A Review of the Literature - American Academy of Ophthalmology
Eye-Hand Coordination Skills in Children with and without Amblyopia | IOVS | ARVO Journals
These children had a history of strabismus and/or anisometropia, but no systemic or ocular disease. Data on their current ... and anisometropia (refractive imbalance) during the susceptible period (up to age 7-8 years), 10,11 each of which can result in ... to make more errors when using both eyes and their dominant eye alone than those with pure anisometropia (n = 7). This result, ... who had strabismus and/or anisometropia. Movement kinematics and error rates were compared for each viewing condition within ...
Critical period - Scholarpedia
Anisometropia is where one eye is focused at different distance from the other, also leading to mismatched images on the two ... The most common deficits are strabismus and anisometropia. Strabismus is a problem in the eye movement system where the two ... It is most difficult in stimulus deprivation and strabismus, less difficult in anisometropia, and not too difficult in ... Indeed, if the treatment includes refractive correction, alignment, and visual therapy in cases of anisometropia, almost total ...
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Research
WHO EMRO | Ocular disorders among schoolchildren in Khartoum State, Sudan | Volume 19, issue 3 | EMHJ volume 19, 2013
A randomized trial of adding a plano lens to atropine for amblyopia<...
... children have residual amblyopia after treatment with atropine eyedrops for amblyopia due to strabismus and/or anisometropia. ... children have residual amblyopia after treatment with atropine eyedrops for amblyopia due to strabismus and/or anisometropia. ... children have residual amblyopia after treatment with atropine eyedrops for amblyopia due to strabismus and/or anisometropia. ... children have residual amblyopia after treatment with atropine eyedrops for amblyopia due to strabismus and/or anisometropia. ...
Research Opportunities | OSU College of Optometry
StrabismusAmblyopiaAstigmatismDiopters or greaterTerm anisometropiaSimple AnisometropiaMyopiaMyopicPrevalenceAntimetropiaAniseikoniaUnequalPostoperativeOutcomesUnilateralDizzinessSymptomsChildrenSignificantlyLensGlassesTreatmentCommonCorrectAstigmatismStrabismusCataract surgeryHyperopicMyopic anisometropia1.50OcularSymptomsCorrectionEsophoriaLensesRetinalEyesMildVisionPediatricSignificantVisualChildPostCases
Strabismus7
- The participants were 36 children (age, 5-11 years) and 11 adults who were normally sighted and 21 children (age, 4-8 years) who had strabismus and/or anisometropia. (arvojournals.org)
- 8 , 9 Common causes are strabismus (eye misalignment) and anisometropia (refractive imbalance) during the susceptible period (up to age 7-8 years), 10 , 11 each of which can result in different relative losses in visual acuity versus binocular stereo vision. (arvojournals.org)
- BACKGROUND: Some children have residual amblyopia after treatment with atropine eyedrops for amblyopia due to strabismus and/or anisometropia. (elsevier.com)
- Amblyopia may also develop due to optic nerve damage, anisometropia, strabismus or a combination. (aao.org)
- Its pathogenic factors include hereditary disease, prenatal adverse environments (such as maternal toxicological exposure), preterm labor, perinatal disease, and a family history of strabismus, astigmatism, and anisometropia. (frontiersin.org)
- Amblyopia developed in 18% of children at risk, exclusively in those with anisometropia, pre-existing strabismus, or younger than 12 months. (physiciansweekly.com)
- In addition, infants and children ≤7 years with secondary amblyogenic risk factors (anisometropia or pre-existing strabismus) require close follow-up to monitor and treat amblyopia. (physiciansweekly.com)
Amblyopia4
- In brief, anisometropia is one of the causes of amblyopia (lazy eye). (seevividly.com)
- Small amounts of hyperopic anisometropia, such as 1-2 diopters, can induce amblyopia. (medscape.com)
- In myopia, mild myopic anisometropia up to -3.00 diopters usually does not cause amblyopia. (medscape.com)
- Early diagnosis and treatment of anisometropia are critical so the brain doesn't ignore the weaker eye and cause irreversible amblyopia. (allaboutvision.com)
Astigmatism5
- This form of anisometropia is caused by high astigmatism (also called cylinder) correction in one eye. (seevividly.com)
- By contrast, the prevalence of significant refractive errors varied by group, with the highest rate of hyperopia in non-Hispanic whites and the highest rates of astigmatism and anisometropia in Hispanics. (aao.org)
- To determine the prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia in a prevalence survey of adults in Sumatra, Indonesia. (nus.edu.sg)
- The age-adjusted overall prevalence rates of myopia (SE [spherical equivalent] at least -1.0 D), hyperopia (SE of at least +1.0 D), astigmatism (cylinder of at least -1.0 D), and anisometropia (SE difference of +1.0 D) were 26.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 23.4-28.8), 9.2% (95% CI: 7.4-11.0), 18.5% (95% CI: 16.2-20.8), and 15.1% (95% CI: 12.9-17.4), respectively. (nus.edu.sg)
- Hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia rates were independently higher in older adults. (nus.edu.sg)
Diopters or greater1
- Hypermetropic anisometropia of 1.50 diopters or greater has been shown to be a long-term risk factor for deterioration of visual acuity after occlusion therapy. (medscape.com)
Term anisometropia1
- Antimetropia is the technically accurate term when describing one eye being short-sighted and the other being long-sighted, but the way it affects your vision means optometrists may choose to use the term anisometropia for this condition. (allaboutvision.com)
Simple Anisometropia3
- Simple anisometropia occurs when only one eye has a refractive error. (seevividly.com)
- Simple anisometropia causes one eye to see a blurry image while the other eye sees a clear image. (seevividly.com)
- In simple anisometropia one eye has no prescription while the other can be log or short sighted. (allaboutvision.com)
Myopia1
- Often each eye is nearsighted (myopia) or farsighted (hyperopia), and then to meet the technical criteria of anisometropia the difference between the right and left eye is two or more diopters (the inverse of a meter, which is how an optical lens power is described). (seevividly.com)
Myopic2
- Compound anisometropia occurs when both eyes are either hyperopic (farsighted) or myopic (nearsighted), however, there is still a significant difference in the refractive errors of the two eyes. (seevividly.com)
- Antimetropia (sometimes called mixed anisometropia ) occurs when both eyes have refractive errors but one is myopic (nearsighted), and the other is hyperopic (farsighted). (seevividly.com)
Prevalence1
- Prevalence of anisometropia in volunteer laboratory and school screening populations. (doximity.com)
Antimetropia3
- Although much less common, it is possible to have one nearsighted and one farsighted eye - this is a unique subset of anisometropia called antimetropia. (seevividly.com)
- There are two medical terms used to describe this condition: antimetropia and anisometropia. (allaboutvision.com)
- A person with anisometropia or antimetropia will see noticeably unequal blur in the two eyes at different distances. (allaboutvision.com)
Aniseikonia3
- Since contact lenses are very thin and rest directly on the surface of the eye, they cause little or no aniseikonia and can sometimes provide more comfortable, natural-appearing vision than spectacles for people with anisometropia. (allaboutvision.com)
- Other disorder of refraction and accommodation includes diagnosis codes indicating anisometropia and aniseikonia, disorders of accommodation, internal ophthalmoplegia, paresis of accommodation, or spasm of accommodation. (cdc.gov)
- IOL exchange should be considered an option to reduce anisometropia and associated aniseikonia to improve visual outcomes. (elsevier.com)
Unequal4
- Anisometropia is the condition in which the two eyes have unequal refractive (glasses) power. (seevividly.com)
- When unequal refractive errors are corrected with spectacles, a person with anisometropia will notice that objects seen by one eye will look larger or smaller than the same objects viewed by the other eye. (allaboutvision.com)
- In practice most patients following initial cataract extraction are likely to be symptomatic of anisometropia giving rise to prismatic effects (anisophoria) and unequal retinal image. (uk.com)
- Many children who have anisometropia or unequal vision, do not know they have an eye problem because the stronger eye and the brain compensate for that shortage. (lakesareaeyecare.com)
Postoperative2
- 4,5 Further, ISBCS may be the better option for patients with significant refractive errors because it can prevent postoperative anisometropia and restore postoperative depth perception. (crstoday.com)
- In my experience, IOL exchange in pediatric patients provides adequate visual rehabilitation (ie, decreased spectacle dependence and anisometropia) and a predictable postoperative refraction. (crstodayeurope.com)
Outcomes1
- The presence of anisometropia was a significant risk factor associated with poor visual outcome of 6/15 or worse in laser-treated ROP (P = 0.002).ConclusionThe majority of patients with diode laser-treated threshold ROP had favourable anatomical and visual outcomes. (elsevier.com)
Unilateral1
- Problems of shallow AC, dilatation, Iol calculating, anisometropia and anisokonia especially with unilateral cataract extraction. (mrcophth.com)
Dizziness1
- Also, it's common for uncorrected anisometropia to cause poor depth perception, headaches, dizziness and even nausea. (allaboutvision.com)
Symptoms1
- Children who have anisometropia may not show any symptoms. (seevividly.com)
Children2
- The InfantSEE program was created to help encourage early eye exams in children to catch conditions such as anisometropia . (seevividly.com)
- Routine children's eye exams for kids prior to going to school and once at primary school are essential to rule out anisometropia and ensure normal visual development. (allaboutvision.com)
Significantly2
- This form of anisometropia causes both eyes to see blurry images, but one eye's vision will be significantly blurrier. (seevividly.com)
- Anisometropia is where the two eyes have significantly different refractive (light-bending) powers. (allaboutvision.com)
Lens1
- If your optometrist says you have anisometropia, the lens power for one eye on your glasses prescription will differ from the lens power for the other eye. (allaboutvision.com)
Glasses1
- More severe cases of anisometropia may not respond as well to glasses. (seevividly.com)
Treatment1
- Treatment for anisometropia primarily involves correcting the refractive difference between the eyes . (seevividly.com)
Common1
- Anisometropia is actually fairly common. (seevividly.com)
Correct1
- This is partially due to the anisometropia , and partially due to the attempt to correct it. (seevividly.com)
Astigmatism4
- The astigmatism was less than -1.0D and anisometropia was less than 1.0D. The children were randomly assigned into two groups by using randomized consent design. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Depending on the severity of visual impairment, 62.8%-64.0% of children could be accommodated with RMS if not correcting for astigmatism of ≤0.75 dioptres and anisometropia of ≤0.50 spherical equivalent dioptres. (harvard.edu)
- Approximately 87% of children could be accommodated with RMS if astigmatism and anisometropia limits were increased to ≤1.25 and ≤1.50 dioptres, respectively. (harvard.edu)
- Two thirds of amblyopic patients have a substantial refractive component, either anisometropia, high hyperopia, high astigmatism, or occasionally severe myopic (staphyloma) or hyperopic (aphakic) anisometropia. (abcd-vision.org)
Strabismus6
- and is usually associated with abnormal visual experience caused by strabismus, anisometropia and visual deprivation early in life. (jneurosci.org)
- In the future, anisometropia leads to strabismus. (metronidazoled.com)
- Anisometropia leads to strabismus, and then to complete loss of vision. (levofloxacinr.com)
- b) strabismus or squint and (c ) unequal refractive power of the two eyes, which is called anisometropia . (amblyoplay.com)
- It can either be cataract extraction for congenital cataract, correctly prescribed refractive correction for anisometropia, or surgery/prisms for strabismus. (amblyoplay.com)
- One hundred sixty-eight children younger than 7 years with amblyopia in the range of 20/40 to 20/80 associated with strabismus, anisometropia, or both. (amplifyeyecarechatt.com)
Cataract surgery1
- Predicting refractive aniseikonia after cataract surgery in anisometropia. (aao.org)
Hyperopic2
- 2014 ) Simulated hyperopic anisometropia and reading, visual information processing, and reading-related eye movement performance in children. (neurotree.org)
- Children with hyperopic anisometropia had better accommodative responses when using this therapy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Myopic anisometropia1
- Myopic anisometropia (MA) is a frequent reason of consultation for refractive surgery but also a verv fragile state of binocularitv. (orthoptie.net)
1.501
- Hypermetropic anisometropia of 1.50 diopters or greater has been shown to be a long-term risk factor for deterioration of visual acuity after occlusion therapy. (medscape.com)
Ocular2
- El presente documento, expone el análisis de la situación de la salud ocular en los países de Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela. (bvsalud.org)
- All subject were patients with normal vision with no anisometropia or other ocular problem. (bsz-bw.de)
Symptoms1
- Let us consider in more detail what anisometropia is, what causes it, what symptoms it manifests and how the disease is treated. (levofloxacinr.com)
Correction2
- Everyone who has encountered anisometropia should be aware of cialis and methods for its correction. (rcialipll.com)
- Correction of tadalafil for complete elimination is carried out if anisometropia is in a mild and moderate stage, and in severe cases it is necessary to introduce impaired vision into partial compensation. (rcialipll.com)
Esophoria1
- Cases of squint and esophoria, due to anisometropia, cured by glasses. (nih.gov)
Lenses4
- When Anisometropia is corrected with spectacle lenses, problems are not always over. (slideshare.net)
- The biomimetic properties and underlying optical mechanisms of induced anisometropia, small apertures, dynamic lenses, and multi‐optic lenses in ameliorating the visual consequences of presbyopia are highlighted. (semanticscholar.org)
- After contacting the clinic and diagnosing, the treatment of anisometropia in both adults and children begins with the selection of contact lenses or glasses with corrective capabilities. (rcialipll.com)
- At higher degrees of anisometropia, lenses are prescribed, focusing on the better eye. (rcialipll.com)
Retinal1
- A certain retinal cell - angular movements of puberty, pigment epithelium anisometropia. (wolflube.com)
Eyes7
- 9. Anisometropia Anisometropia is when there is a difference in refractive power between the left and right eyes. (slideshare.net)
- This may occur when there is a difference in prescription between the two eyes (anisometropia). (sankaraeye.com)
- Additionally, both eyes have significant residual refractive errors with anisometropia. (crstodayeurope.com)
- Anisometropia refers to difference in the refractive errors in both eyes. (medicomaestro.com)
- Anisometropia ≤1.00 D in both eyes. (trialbulletin.com)
- Anisometropia is an ophthalmic pathology in which refractive power (refraction) is impaired in both eyes. (levofloxacinr.com)
- Anisometropia is an eye pathology in which there are different refractions in the left and right eyes. (levofloxacinr.com)
Mild1
- The outcome of anisometropia is favorable if treatment is started at a mild or moderate degree of the disease. (metronidazoled.com)
Vision2
- This resulted in poor vision, profound photophobia, glare that became worse with progressive cataract formation, a progressive extreme myopic shift, and resultant anisometropia. (crstoday.com)
- Can photoscreeners like iScreen Vision detect anisometropia? (iscreenvision.com)
Pediatric1
- If you are concerned, please talk to your pediatrician or pediatric ophthalmologist about screening your child for anisometropia. (eyes4kids.com)
Significant1
- A significant amount of Anisometropia ends up creating problems. (slideshare.net)
Visual2
- Pathologic suppression may develop because of strabismic misalignment of the visual axes or other conditions resulting in discordant images in each eye, such as cataract or anisometropia. (aao.org)
- Elisabet Sánchez Moreno trabaja en el área de electrofisiología de la visión, una especialidad que estudia las respuestas generadas ante estímulos visuales y valora el estado funcional del sistema visual. (bvsalud.org)
Child1
- How do I know if my child has Anisometropia? (eyes4kids.com)
Post1
- Le test en LC permet de simuler efficacement la situation sensorielle post op ratoire. (orthoptie.net)
Cases1
- No anisometropia worth mentioning was present in any of these cases. (dictionary.com)