Aniseikonia
Lenses
Epiretinal Membrane
A membrane on the vitreal surface of the retina resulting from the proliferation of one or more of three retinal elements: (1) fibrous astrocytes; (2) fibrocytes; and (3) retinal pigment epithelial cells. Localized epiretinal membranes may occur at the posterior pole of the eye without clinical signs or may cause marked loss of vision as a result of covering, distorting, or detaching the fovea centralis. Epiretinal membranes may cause vascular leakage and secondary retinal edema. In younger individuals some membranes appear to be developmental in origin and occur in otherwise normal eyes. The majority occur in association with retinal holes, ocular concussions, retinal inflammation, or after ocular surgery. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p291)
Ocular Physiological Phenomena
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted
Color Vision Defects
Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.
Medical Laboratory Science
Blindness
Color
Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells
Photosensitive afferent neurons located primarily within the FOVEA CENTRALIS of the MACULA LUTEA. There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) whose photopigments have different spectral sensitivity curves. Retinal cone cells operate in daylight vision (at photopic intensities) providing color recognition and central visual acuity.
Color Perception
Mental processing of chromatic signals (COLOR VISION) from the eye by the VISUAL CORTEX where they are converted into symbolic representations. Color perception involves numerous neurons, and is influenced not only by the distribution of wavelengths from the viewed object, but also by its background color and brightness contrast at its boundary.
Saccade amplitude disconjugacy induced by aniseikonia: role of monocular depth cues. (1/16)
The conjugacy of saccades is rapidly modified if the images are made unequal for the two eyes. Disconjugacy persists even in the absence of disparity which indicates learning. Binocular visual disparity is a major cue to depth and is believed to drive the disconjugacy of saccades to aniseikonic images. The goal of the present study was to test whether monocular depth cues can also influence the disconjugacy of saccades. Three experiments were performed in which subjects were exposed for 15-20 min to a 10% image size inequality. Three different images were used: a grid that contained a single monocular depth cue strongly indicating a frontoparallel plane; a random-dot pattern that contained a less prominent monocular depth cue (absence of texture gradient) which also indicates the frontoparallel plane; and a complex image with several overlapping geometric forms that contained a variety of monocular depth cues. Saccades became disconjugate in all three experiments. The disconjugacy was larger and more persistent for the experiment using the random-dot pattern that had the least prominent monocular depth cues. The complex image which had a large variety of monocular depth cues produced the most variable and less persistent disconjugacy. We conclude that the monocular depth cues modulate the disconjugacy of saccades stimulated by the disparity of aniseikonic images. (+info)Disconjugate oculomotor learning caused by feeble image-size inequality: differences between secondary and tertiary positions. (2/16)
In order to examine the minimum value of image-size inequality capable of inducing lasting disconjugacy of the amplitude of saccades, six normal emmetropic subjects were exposed for 16 min to 2% image size inequality. Subjects were seated at 1 m in front of a screen where a random-dot pattern was projected and made saccades of 7.5 and 15 deg along the horizontal and vertical principal meridians and to tertiary positions in the upper and lower field. During the training period, compensatory disconjugacy of the amplitude of the saccades occurred for the principal horizontal and vertical meridians; such increased disconjugacy persisted after training, suggesting learning. In contrast, for horizontal saccades to or from tertiary positions made in the upper and lower field, no consistent changes in the disconjugacy occurred, either during training or after the training condition. In an additional experiment, three subjects read sequences of words with the 2% magnifier in front of their dominant eye: in such a task, horizontal saccades to or from tertiary positions at the upper or lower field showed appropriate and lasting disconjugacy for two of the three subjects. We conclude that even a 2% image size inequality stimulates oculomotor learning, leading to persistent disconjugacy of saccades. The small disparity created by the image-size inequality is thus compensated by the oculomotor system rather than tolerated by the sensory system (e.g. by enlarging the Panum's area). (+info)Differences in tests of aniseikonia. (3/16)
The New Aniseikonia Test (NAT), a hand-held direct-comparison test using red/green anaglyphs, has several potential advantages as a screener. We compared the validity of the NAT to that of the Space Eikonometer in three experiments: (1) aniseikonia was induced by calibrated size lenses in a double-blind study of 15 normal subjects; (2) habitual aniseikonia was measured with both instruments in four patients; and (3) eight of the normal subjects were retested with a computer-video simulation of the NAT. The NAT underestimated induced aniseikonia by a factor of 3 in the normal subjects and underestimated habitual aniseikonia in four patients. The Space Eikonometer correctly measured the magnitude of induced aniseikonia in the normal subjects. The simulation test did not show underestimation in the eight normal subjects. We could not attribute the NAT's underestimation of aniseikonia to the red/green anaglyph method, printing error, psychophysical method, or the direct-comparison test format. We speculate that the NAT induces a different sensory fusion response to aniseikonia than do the other tests, and that this altered sensory fusion response diminishes measured aniseikonia. We conclude that the NAT is not a valid measure of aniseikonia. (+info)Aniseikonia associated with epiretinal membranes. (4/16)
AIMS: To determine whether the computerised version of the new aniseikonia test (NAT) is a valid, reliable method to measure aniseikonia and establish whether aniseikonia occurs in patients with epiretinal membranes (ERM) with preserved good visual acuity. METHODS: With a computerised version of the NAT, horizontal and vertical aniseikonia was measured in 16 individuals (mean 47 (SD 16.46) years) with no ocular history and 14 patients (mean 67.7 (14.36) years) with ERM. Test validity was evaluated by inducing aniseikonia with size lenses. Test reliability was assessed by the test-retest method. RESULTS: In normal individuals, the mean percentage (SD) aniseikonia was -0.24% (0.71) horizontal and 0% (0.59) vertical. Validity studies revealed mean (SD) 0.990 (0.005) horizontal and 0.991 (0.004) vertical correlation coefficients, 0.985 (0.111) horizontal and 0.989 (0.102) vertical slope. Repeatability coefficients were 1.04 horizontal and 0.88 vertical. Aniseikonia in patients with ERM ranged from 4% to 14%. Eight patients showed 2% or more size difference between horizontal and vertical meridians. CONCLUSIONS: The aniseikonia test used in this study can be considered a simple, fast, valid and reliable method to measure the difference in image size perceived by each eye. Aniseikonia does occur in symptomatic patients with ERM. The effect of ERM on image size is heterogeneous across the retinal area affected. (+info)Validity and repeatability of a new test for aniseikonia. (5/16)
PURPOSE: The Aniseikonia Inspector 1.1 (AI) is a new software product to measure aniseikonia using red-green anaglyphs. The purpose of this study was to test whether the AI is a valid and reliable test. METHODS: There were two groups of sample subjects: one at risk of aniseikonia, with anisometropia greater than or equal to 1.00 D (n= 29), and a control group (n= 45). The validity was studied by comparing the measured aniseikonia with the aniseikonia simulated with size lenses. The reliability was estimated by the Bland-Altman statistical method. RESULTS: The results showed that the AI underestimated aniseikonia and that the underestimation was greater in the horizontal than in the vertical direction. The reliability was low, with biases that were clinically insignificant, but the 95% limits of agreement were around +/-2%. The behavior of the test was similar in both groups of subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of the AI is only moderate, and professionals are therefore warned to use the results of this test with caution. (+info)Effect of aniseikonia on fusion. (6/16)
Physiological aniseikonia is the basis of stereopsis but beyond certain limits it becomes an obstacle to fusion. It is not well established as to how much aniseikonia can be tolerated by the fusional mechanism. Different tests under different testing conditions have given a wide range of variation. On the synoptophore we had observed tolerance upto 35% aniseikonia in some cases. Under more physiological conditions on a polaroid dissociation stereoprojector we observed lesser baseline fusional vergences but tolerance in about 70% of the cases upto 30% aniseikonia while 25% could tolerate even 35% aniseikonia. However we realise that these indicate the maximal potential and not the symptom free tolerable limits. (+info)Magnifications of single and dual element accommodative intraocular lenses: paraxial optics analysis. (7/16)
(+info)The effect of lens-induced anisometropia on accommodation and vergence during human visual development. (8/16)
(+info)
Aniseikonia - Wikipedia
Aniseikonia - EyeWiki
Aniseikonia - EyeWiki
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Aniseikonia
Retinal aniseikonia occur due to forward displacement, stretching or edema of retina. A way to demonstrate aniseikonia is to ... 288 Aniseikonia Calculator, Chadwick Optical (U.S.A.) - a magnification calculator for iseikonic prescriptions or aniseikonia ... Aniseikonia is an ocular condition where there is a significant difference in the perceived size of images. It can occur as an ... Similarly retinal aniseikonia is corrected by treating causative retinal disease. Note however that before the optics can be ...
Macropsia
The Aniseikonia Inspector contains an aniseikonia test based on the same principles as the NAT, but the test is run on a ... the condition is known as aniseikonia. Aniseikonia is known to be associated with certain retinal conditions. Epiretinal ... The New Aniseikonia Test (NAT) can quantify the degree of macropsia or micropsia independently in the vertical and horizontal ... Aniseikonia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1938; 36:227-234. Riley, H. D. (2005). Amsler grid testing. Indiana University School of ...
Horror fusionis
Brandenburg KC (September 1935). "Aniseikonia". California and Western Medicine. 43 (3): 188-92. PMC 1753774. PMID 18743367. ( ... condition was present years after surgical correction of strabismus acquired during childhood and co-existed with aniseikonia. ...
Refractive error
"Aniseikonia - EyeWiki". eyewiki.aao.org. Retrieved 10 February 2020. Millodot M. In: Dictionary of Optometry and Vision Science ... Other terminology include anisometropia, when the two eyes have unequal refractive power, and aniseikonia which is when the ...
Epiretinal membrane
de Wit GC (2007). "Retinally-induced aniseikonia". Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 22 (2): 96-101. PMID 17688418. Benson WE, Brown GC ... creating a localized or field dependent aniseikonia that cannot be fully corrected optically with glasses. Partial correction ...
Worth 4 dot test
This is a common adaptation to strabismus, amblyopia and aniseikonia. The W4LT can be performed by the examiner at two ...
Adelbert Ames Jr.
He conducted important research into aspects of binocular vision, including cyclophoria and aniseikonia. Ames is perhaps best ... and aniseikonia (in which each eye has a differently sized retinal image of the same object). This latter defect could be ...
Contact lens
Additionally, there are conditions such as keratoconus and aniseikonia that are typically corrected better with contact lenses ...
Diplopia
Abscess Aniseikonia Anisometropia Antipsychotics (haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine etc.) Atypical parkinsonisms, ...
Roger J. Williams
For most of his life Williams suffered from eyestrain caused by aniseikonia, a condition that was not recognized during his ...
Amblyopia
... in particular if conventional approaches have failed due to aniseikonia or lack of compliance or both. Frequently, amblyopia is ...
Suppression (eye)
... convergence insufficiency and aniseikonia. The brain can eliminate double vision by ignoring all or part of the image of one of ...
Anisometropia
... if the aniseikonia is ignored. In order to avoid the aniseikonia (so that both magnifications will be practically the same, ... aniseikonia) which could also prevent the development of good binocular vision. This can make it very difficult to wear glasses ...
Strabismus
... aniseikonia) which is otherwise caused by spectacles in which the refractive power is very different for the two eyes. In a few ...
List of ICD-9 codes 320-389: diseases of the nervous system and sense organs
... of refraction and accommodation 367.0 Hypermetropia 367.1 Myopia 367.2 Astigmatism 367.3 Anisometropia and aniseikonia 367.4 ...
Suppression
... convergence insufficiency and aniseikonia Appetite suppression Bone marrow suppression, the decrease in cells responsible for ...
List of MeSH codes (C11)
... aniseikonia MeSH C11.744.126 - anisometropia MeSH C11.744.212 - astigmatism MeSH C11.744.479 - hyperopia MeSH C11.744.636 - ...
Aniseikonia Archives - Delaware 211
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Signs & Symptoms of Aniseikonia - Optography
Signs of Aniseikonia-. In the previous stanza we see the symptoms and the patients experience of aniseikonia. Now in this ... Symptoms of Aniseikonia: Here we discuss about the few symptoms a patient with aniseikonia may face ... of aniseikonia state the image perceive by the right eye is 5% larger than the left eye) of aniseikonia without feeling any ... As 5% of aniseikonia define when the image of the right eye is 5% more larger than the left eye and a patient at ...
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There are two types of aniseikonia - static and dynamic aniseikonia. The first type is the classical aniseikonia, denoting a ... Classic aniseikonia can occur naturally or be induced by refractive surgery.. The second type of aniseikonia is also called ... Aniseikonia Aniseikonia is a binocular condition in which left and right images differ in size or shape. ... Detailed Aniseikonia and Lasik Information. Anisometropia The condition in which the two eyes have an unequal refractive power ...
Can a person be short sighted in one eye and long sighted in the other?
Since contact lenses are very thin and rest directly on the surface of the eye, they cause little or no aniseikonia and can ... LASIK is another option to correct significantly dissimilar refractive errors in the two eyes and avoid aniseikonia. However, ... This difference in image sizes is called aniseikonia. This, too, can cause problems with depth perception, headaches, dizziness ...
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Intraocular lens exchange for high myopia in pseudophakic children<...
IOL exchange should be considered an option to reduce anisometropia and associated aniseikonia to improve visual outcomes. ... IOL exchange should be considered an option to reduce anisometropia and associated aniseikonia to improve visual outcomes. ... IOL exchange should be considered an option to reduce anisometropia and associated aniseikonia to improve visual outcomes. ... IOL exchange should be considered an option to reduce anisometropia and associated aniseikonia to improve visual outcomes. ...
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... aniseikonia according to the New Aniseikonia test. Aniseikonia tolerance was assessed using Eyemark Hello, a haploscope using ... Measurement of Aniseikonia Tolerance in Binocular Fusion [RETRACTED]. Hoshikawa, Rie; Handa, Tomoya; Akaishizawa, Chiho; Shoji ... RESULTS: The mean aniseikonia tolerance was approximately 3%; the median value was approximately 2% (range, 1.0%-11.5%; ... The value at which the patient responded was considered the aniseikonia tolerance value and assessed thrice per eye, five times ...
Color blindness - Wikipedia
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The iPad Aniseikonia Test is a new computer-based test designed for measuring aniseikonia in vertical direction. The iPad Test ... Methods Aniseikonia was induced in 21 subjects by means of afocal size lenses. Resulting aniseikonia was measured in vertical ... In all cases the iPad Aniseikonia Test underestimates the level of aniseikonia. However for gross assessment of anisometropia ... Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the iPad Aniseikonia Test for measurement size lens-induced ...
Keratoconus and aniseikonia1
- Additionally, there are conditions such as keratoconus and aniseikonia that are typically corrected better with contact lenses than with glasses. (loading.io)
Anisometropia7
- Most of the time aniseikonia is present due to presence of high amount of anisometropia in the patient and research has shown that approximately patient can manage at around 5% (a measurement of 5% of aniseikonia state the image perceive by the right eye is 5% larger than the left eye) of aniseikonia without feeling any discomfort. (optography.org)
- And as aniseikonia associated with anisometropia most of the time these causes a huge difference in the refractive error of the eyes. (optography.org)
- So at the basic or primary eye care level if the patient come and complaining about the symptoms of aniseikonia and by seeing the previous prescription or glass or by performing the refraction process if we fiend the patient is already having the anisometropia, we may primarily consider the patient is also suffering in the aniseikonic condition also. (optography.org)
- Dartmouth Studies- By this procedure aniseikonia measured by the amount of Anisometropia. (optography.org)
- Since contact lenses are very thin and rest directly on the surface of the eye, they cause little or no aniseikonia and can sometimes provide more comfortable, natural-appearing vision than spectacles for people with anisometropia. (allaboutvision.com)
- Other disorder of refraction and accommodation includes diagnosis codes indicating anisometropia and aniseikonia, disorders of accommodation, internal ophthalmoplegia, paresis of accommodation, or spasm of accommodation. (cdc.gov)
- IOL exchange should be considered an option to reduce anisometropia and associated aniseikonia to improve visual outcomes. (elsevier.com)
Term aniseikonia1
- The term aniseikonia is used to define the ophthalmic disorder of human where an object producing a different size of image in the two eyes retina. (optography.org)
Binocular3
- 1. Defective Binocular Vision- The patient feeling a diplopia a very common complain of Aniseikonia. (optography.org)
- around with 5% of aniseikonia can manage to lead a normal binocular vision. (optography.org)
- 2. Disturbances in depth perception - As the person with aniseikonia also not develop binocular vision properly by this way he/she may feels problem with depth perception also. (optography.org)
Refractive3
- So here Axial aniseikonia can be occur where the refractive error occurs not due to the abnormal refractive power of the eye but for the abnormal axial length. (optography.org)
- LASIK is another option to correct significantly dissimilar refractive errors in the two eyes and avoid aniseikonia. (allaboutvision.com)
- Rarely, fusion cannot occur because of dissimilar image size, which can occur after changes in the optical function of the eye after refractive surgery (eg, LASIK) or after a cataract is replaced by an intraocular lens or because of aniseikonia, which represents a discrepancy in image size perceived by the two eyes. (medscape.com)
Measurement1
- Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the iPad Aniseikonia Test for measurement size lens-induced aniseikonia. (bsz-bw.de)
Eyes1
- After the surgery, you will likely experience symptoms of uncomfortable vision, such as disorientation, confusing or seeing double images (diplopia) with two eyes as a result of different retinal image sizes in two eyes (aniseikonia) and/or differential prismatic effect induced from the new spectacle lenses. (alanoptics.com)
Clinical1
- In the next few stanzas, we will go to look over the clinical factors (Signs and Symptoms) of aniseikonia. (optography.org)
Image sizes1
- This difference in image sizes is called aniseikonia. (allaboutvision.com)
Static aniseikonia2
- Note the improvement in the zone of binocular vision comfort in addition to the elimination of static aniseikonia and the dramatic reduction of dynamic aniseikonia. (shawlens.com)
- In the remainder of this web-page we will speak of aniseikonia and anisophoria instead of static aniseikonia and dynamic aniseikonia. (confidenceandcourage.com)
Unequal1
- The eikonometer is an instrument to measure aniseikonia, which is a distortion of stereoscopic space due to unequal retinal image sizes. (aco.org.au)
Ametropia1
- It should be noted that for Knapp's law to be fulfilled, the ametropia must be purely axial, and there must be no anatomic Aniseikonia present. (slideshare.net)
Monocular1
- There are basically two methods to test for aniseikonia: Asthenopia pada operator komputer merupakanAsthenopia Acomodatifyang disebabkan oleh kelelahan ototsiliaris Hanum, This monocular macropsia means that binocularly field-dependent aniseikonia will be present. (confidenceandcourage.com)
Lenses4
- Methods Aniseikonia was induced in 21 subjects by means of afocal size lenses. (bsz-bw.de)
- Results: Afocal size lenses of known magnification were used to induce aniseikonia. (bsz-bw.de)
- Some field dependent aniseikonia patients have gained some relief by occluding part of the visual field for example, placing a removable dot in the center of one of the spectacle lenses or partially shielding the periphery in one eye, creating kind of a tunnel vision for one eye. (confidenceandcourage.com)
- Additionally, there are conditions such as keratoconus and aniseikonia that are typically corrected better with contact lenses than with glasses. (loading.io)
Basically1
- Aniseikonia is basically when one eye sees the world at a different scale to the other. (eyeskills.org)
Test6
- Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the iPad Aniseikonia Test for measurement size lens-induced aniseikonia. (bsz-bw.de)
- The iPad Aniseikonia Test is a new computer-based test designed for measuring aniseikonia in vertical direction. (bsz-bw.de)
- Resulting aniseikonia was measured in vertical direction by the iPad Aniseikonia Test. (bsz-bw.de)
- In all cases the iPad Aniseikonia Test underestimates the level of aniseikonia. (bsz-bw.de)
- Raw aniseikonia test data. (confidenceandcourage.com)
- Your eye doctor may perform a Schirmer's test to determine whether your eyes produces enough tears to keep them moist, and other tests to rule out binocular and accommodative disorders, as well as oculomotor dysfunction (eye muscle and fixation and tracking difficulty) and aniseikonia (a condition in which the shape and size of the image differ in each eye). (2020detroit.com)
Condition1
- In some cases aniseikonia (condition which results in difference in the size of images as seen by the person) is also a predominant factor leading to binocular diplopia. (targetwoman.com)
Size1
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Symptoms1
- Deciding factors for visiting the optician were classified into replacement, routine check, vision, asthenopia and others astenpoia cases which didn't fit Sometimes sensitive individuals are suspected to have symptoms with less aniseikonia 9but it is well possible that these symptoms are caused by optically-induced anisophoria and not aniseikonia. (confidenceandcourage.com)
Target1
- Aniseikonia will be the target parameter to be measured and corrected. (confidenceandcourage.com)
Problem1
- 13. There are several ways to approach the problem of Aniseikonia:- 1.Use a frame with a short vertex distance 2. (slideshare.net)
Vision1
- reprints of artlcles by Bannon (Cat No 528 and 529) and Kenneth Ogle's book on Researches on binocular vision (Cat No 509 and 597) for more information about aniseikonia and this instrument. (aco.org.au)