Anion exchange protein 1 erythrocyte. Medical search

A major integral transmembrane protein of the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE. It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral transporting in CHLORIDE IONS in exchange of BICARBONATE IONS allowing CO2 uptake and transport from tissues to lungs by the red blood cells. Genetic mutations that result in a loss of the protein function have been associated with type 4 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS.

Bicarbonate transporters that move BICARBONATE IONS in exchange of CHLORIDE IONS or SODIUM IONS across membranes. They regulate acid-base HOMEOSTASIS, cell volume and intracellular pH. Members include CHLORIDE-BICARBONATE ANTIPORTERS (SLC4A1, 2, 3, and 9); SODIUM-COUPLED BICARBONATE TRANSPORTERS (SLC4A4 and 5, 7, 8 and 10); and a sodium borate cotransporter (SLC4A11 protein).

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of negatively charged molecules (anions) across a biological membrane.

A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Membrane transporters that co-transport two or more dissimilar molecules in the opposite direction across a membrane. Usually the transport of one ion or molecule is against its electrochemical gradient and is "powered" by the movement of another ion or molecule with its electrochemical gradient.

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.

High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.

Protein factors that promote the exchange of GTP for GDP bound to GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.

A genetically related subfamily of RAP GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that share homology with RAS PROTEINS. They bind to Ras effectors but do not activate them, therefore they may antagonize the effects of RAS PROTEINS. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in calcium-dependent EXOCYTOSIS. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

A family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are related to RAS PROTEINS.This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

The senescence of RED BLOOD CELLS. Lacking the organelles that make protein synthesis possible, the mature erythrocyte is incapable of self-repair, reproduction, and carrying out certain functions performed by other cells. This limits the average life span of an erythrocyte to 120 days.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Electroneutral chloride bicarbonate exchangers that allow the exchange of BICARBONATE IONS exchange for CHLORIDE IONS across the cellular membrane. The action of specific antiporters in this class serve important functions such as allowing the efficient exchange of bicarbonate across red blood cell membranes as they passage through capillaries and the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by the kidney.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A subcategory of guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors that are specific for RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.

Reversible chemical reaction between a solid, often one of the ION EXCHANGE RESINS, and a fluid whereby ions may be exchanged from one substance to another. This technique is used in water purification, in research, and in industry.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

Protein factors that inhibit the dissociation of GDP from GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

A family of GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are specific for RAS PROTEINS.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Ability of ERYTHROCYTES to change shape as they pass through narrow spaces, such as the microvasculature.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

High molecular weight, insoluble polymers which contain functional groups that are capable of undergoing exchange reactions (ION EXCHANGE) with either cations or anions.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA. It includes EC 3.1.13.-, EC 3.1.14.-, EC 3.1.15.-, and EC 3.1.16.-. EC 3.1.-

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Regulatory proteins that act as molecular switches. They control a wide range of biological processes including: receptor signaling, intracellular signal transduction pathways, and protein synthesis. Their activity is regulated by factors that control their ability to bind to and hydrolyze GTP to GDP. EC 3.6.1.-.

A class of RAS GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTORS that are genetically related to the Son of Sevenless gene from DROSOPHILA. Sevenless refers to genetic mutations in DROSOPHILA that cause loss of the R7 photoreceptor which is required to see UV light.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A ubiquitous family of proteins that transport PHOSPHOLIPIDS such as PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL and PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE between membranes. They play an important role in phospholipid metabolism during vesicular transport and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The number of RED BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in a sample of venous BLOOD.

The formation of clumps of RED BLOOD CELLS under low or non-flow conditions, resulting from the attraction forces between the red blood cells. The cells adhere to each other in rouleaux aggregates. Slight mechanical force, such as occurs in the circulation, is enough to disperse these aggregates. Stronger or weaker than normal aggregation may result from a variety of effects in the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE or in BLOOD PLASMA. The degree of aggregation is affected by ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY, erythrocyte membrane sialylation, masking of negative surface charge by plasma proteins, etc. BLOOD VISCOSITY and the ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE are affected by the amount of erythrocyte aggregation and are parameters used to measure the aggregation.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.

Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.

A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A research technique to measure solvent exposed regions of molecules that is used to provide insight about PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Volume of circulating ERYTHROCYTES . It is usually measured by RADIOISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE.

Proteins involved in the transport of organic anions. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS based on BENZYLAMINES with the general formula phenyl-CN+R3.

The major sialoglycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. It consists of at least two sialoglycopeptides and is composed of 60% carbohydrate including sialic acid and 40% protein. It is involved in a number of different biological activities including the binding of MN blood groups, influenza viruses, kidney bean phytohemagglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A quality of cell membranes which permits the passage of solvents and solutes into and out of cells.

Repetitive withdrawal of small amounts of blood and replacement with donor blood until a large proportion of the blood volume has been exchanged. Used in treatment of fetal erythroblastosis, hepatic coma, sickle cell anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicemia, burns, thrombotic thrombopenic purpura, and fulminant malaria.

Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Cellular proteins encoded by the H-ras, K-ras and N-ras genes. The proteins have GTPase activity and are involved in signal transduction as monomeric GTP-binding proteins. Elevated levels of p21 c-ras have been associated with neoplasia. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.

Inorganic binary compounds of iodine or the I- ion.

A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, cell volume regulation, and cellular response to many different hormones and mitogens.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

RED BLOOD CELL sensitivity to change in OSMOTIC PRESSURE. When exposed to a hypotonic concentration of sodium in a solution, red cells take in more water, swell until the capacity of the cell membrane is exceeded, and burst.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A high molecular weight (220-250 kDa) water-soluble protein which can be extracted from erythrocyte ghosts in low ionic strength buffers. The protein contains no lipids or carbohydrates, is the predominant species of peripheral erythrocyte membrane proteins, and exists as a fibrous coating on the inner, cytoplasmic surface of the membrane.

A Rec A recombinase found in eukaryotes. Rad51 is involved in DNA REPAIR of double-strand breaks.

The aggregation of ERYTHROCYTES by AGGLUTININS, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (HEMAGGLUTINATION, VIRAL).

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Polymers of high molecular weight which at some stage are capable of being molded and then harden to form useful components.

The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.

A subclass of ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS that do not rely directly or indirectly upon sodium ion gradients for the transport of organic ions.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.

A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active, passive or facilitated. Ions may travel by themselves (uniport), or as a group of two or more ions in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) directions.

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A family of voltage-gated eukaryotic porins that form aqueous channels. They play an essential role in mitochondrial CELL MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY, are often regulated by BCL-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS, and have been implicated in APOPTOSIS.

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

Topology of the membrane domain of human erythrocyte anion exchange protein, AE1. (1/661)

Anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the chloride/bicarbonate exchange protein of the erythrocyte membrane. By using a combination of introduced cysteine mutants and sulfhydryl-specific chemistry, we have mapped the topology of the human AE1 membrane domain. Twenty-seven single cysteines were introduced throughout the Leu708-Val911 region of human AE1, and these mutants were expressed by transient transfection of human embryonic kidney cells. On the basis of cysteine accessibility to membrane-permeant biotin maleimide and to membrane-impermeant lucifer yellow iodoacetamide, we have proposed a model for the topology of AE1 membrane domain. In this model, AE1 is composed of 13 typical transmembrane segments, and the Asp807-His834 region is membrane-embedded but does not have the usual alpha-helical conformation. To identify amino acids that are important for anion transport, we analyzed the anion exchange activity for all introduced cysteine mutants, using a whole cell fluorescence assay. We found that mutants G714C, S725C, and S731C have very low transport activity, implying that this region has a structurally and/or catalytically important role. We measured the residual anion transport activity after mutant treatment with the membrane-impermeant, cysteine-directed compound, sodium (2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate) (MTSES). Only two mutants, S852C and A858C, were inhibited by MTSES, indicating that these residues may be located in a pore-lining region. (+info)

Structural and functional consequences of antigenic modulation of red blood cells with methoxypoly(ethylene glycol). (2/661)

We previously showed that the covalent modification of the red blood cell (RBC) surface with methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) [mPEG; MW approximately 5 kD] could significantly attenuate the immunologic recognition of surface antigens. However, to make these antigenically silent RBC a clinically viable option, the mPEG-modified RBC must maintain normal cellular structure and functions. To this end, mPEG-derivatization was found to have no significant detrimental effects on RBC structure or function at concentrations that effectively blocked antigenic recognition of a variety of RBC antigens. Importantly, RBC lysis, morphology, and hemoglobin oxidation state were unaffected by mPEG-modification. Furthermore, as shown by functional studies of Band 3, a major site of modification, PEG-binding does not affect protein function, as evidenced by normal SO4- flux. Similarly, Na+ and K+ homeostasis were unaffected. The functional aspects of the mPEG-modified RBC were also maintained, as evidenced by normal oxygen binding and cellular deformability. Perhaps most importantly, mPEG-derivatized mouse RBC showed normal in vivo survival ( approximately 50 days) with no sensitization after repeated transfusions. These data further support the hypothesis that the covalent attachment of nonimmunogenic materials (eg, mPEG) to intact RBC may have significant application in transfusion medicine, especially for the chronically transfused and/or allosensitized patient. (+info)

Volume expansion stimulates p72(syk) and p56(lyn) in skate erythrocytes. (3/661)

Hypotonic volume expansion of skate erythrocytes rapidly stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3, the membrane protein thought to mediate the osmotically sensitive taurine efflux. Skate erythrocytes possess numerous tyrosine kinases including p59fyn, p56lyn, pp60(src), and p72(syk), demonstrated by immune complex assays measuring autocatalytic kinase activity. Inclusion of the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 in this assay showed that only Syk and Lyn can directly phosphorylate the cytoplasmic domain of band 3. Upon cell volume expansion, Syk activity was increased as assessed by three different assays (immune complex assay measuring autophosphorylation, assay of the level of phosphotyrosine of the immunoprecipitated kinase, and assay of level of 32P in the kinase immunoprecipitated from cells prelabeled with 32PO4 and then volume-expanded). The tyrosine kinase Lyn was also stimulated by volume expansion, most notably when analyzed by the latter two methods. Volume expansion stimulated a large increase in the ability of Syk to phosphorylate band 3 at times that coincide with the stimulation of taurine flux. The stilbene piceatannol inhibited Syk preferentially over Lyn and other tyrosine kinases and inhibited volume-stimulated taurine efflux in a concentration-dependent manner similar to that for the inhibition of Syk. Two major phosphorylation peaks were detected in tryptic digests of cdb3 separated by reverse phase HPLC. Edman degradation demonstrated a phosphotyrosine in a YXXL motif. In conclusion, p72(syk) appears to be a strong candidate as a pivotal signal-transducing step in the volume-activated taurine efflux in skate red cells. The level of band-3 phosphorylation may be regulated, in addition, by a protein-tyrosine phosphatase of the 1B variety. (+info)

Hydrodynamic properties of human erythrocyte band 3 solubilized in reduced Triton X-100. (4/661)

The oligomeric state and function of band 3, purified by sulfhydryl affinity chromatography in reduced Triton X-100, was investigated. Size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography showed that a homogeneous population of band 3 dimers could be purified from whole erythrocyte membranes. The elution profile of band 3 purified from membranes that had been stripped of its cytoskeleton before solubilization was a broad single peak describing a heterogeneous population of oligomers with a mean Stokes radius of 100 A. Sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation analysis confirmed particle heterogeneity and further showed monomer/dimer/tetramer equilibrium self-association. Whether the conversion of dimer to the form described by a Stokes radius of 100 A was initiated by removal of cytoskeletal components, alkali-induced changes in band 3 conformation, or alkali-induced loss of copurifying ligands remains unclear. After incubation at 20 degrees C for 24 h, both preparations of band 3 converted to a common form characterized by a mean Stokes radius of 114 A. This form of the protein, examined by equilibrium sedimentation ultracentrifugation, is able to self-associate reversibly, and the self-association can be described by a dimer/tetramer/hexamer model, although the presence of higher oligomers cannot be discounted. The ability of the different forms of the protein to bind stilbene disulfonates revealed that the dimer had the highest inhibitor binding affinity, and the form characterized by a mean Stokes radius of 114 A to have the lowest. (+info)

Decreased plasma membrane thiol concentration is associated with increased osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in zinc-deficient rats. (5/661)

Zinc deficiency leads to pathological signs that are related to impaired function of plasma membrane proteins. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dietary zinc status on the sulfhydryl (SH) content of erythrocyte plasma membranes and erythrocyte function. Three experiments were performed. In the first, immature male rats were fed for 21 d either a low-zinc (<1.0 mg/kg) diet free choice (-ZnAL), an adequate-zinc (100 mg/kg) diet free choice (+ZnAL), or the adequate-zinc diet limited to the intake of -ZnAL pair-mates (+ZnPF). Tail blood was sampled to measure osmotic fragility and SH concentration of erythrocyte membrane proteins. The zinc-deficient rats were then repleted for 2 d and erythrocytes assayed for fragility and SH content. In the second experiment blood was sampled at 3-d intervals to determine the time course of change in fragility and SH concentration. In the third experiment the SH concentration of erythrocyte band 3 protein and the binding of zinc to isolated plasma membranes were measured. SH concentration decreased from approximately 75 nmol/mg protein to 68 nmol/mg protein during 21 d of depletion and returned to control level within 2 d of repletion. There was an inverse relationship between osmotic fragility and SH concentration of erythrocyte membrane proteins. Maximal decrease in SH occurred within 6 d of consuming the low-zinc diet. The SH content of band 3 protein isolated from deficient rats was also significantly lower than that of pair-fed controls (45 vs. 51 nmol/mg protein). The zinc-binding affinity of plasma membrane proteins tended to be decreased by zinc deficiency. In summary, low-zinc status lowers the plasma membrane SH concentration, and the decreased reducing potential is inversely related to osmotic fragility, and presumably, with impaired volume recovery of erythrocytes. (+info)

Splenic but not thymic autoreactive T cells from New Zealand Black mice respond to a dominant erythrocyte Band 3 peptide. (6/661)

Previous work from our laboratory suggested that erythrocyte Band 3 peptide 861-874 is the dominant epitope recognized by splenic T cells from adult New Zealand Black (NZB) mice that are developing autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Here, it is shown that splenic T cells from 6-week-old NZB mice mount a vigorous in vitro proliferative response to peptide 861-874 and some other selected Band 3 peptides. As the donors grow older, splenic T cells respond to an increasing number of Band 3 peptides and the magnitude of their response also becomes greater. Splenic T cells from 3-week-old NZB mice still responded vigorously to peptide 861-874 and Band 3. By contrast, neither thymocytes nor single-positive CD4-enriched thymus cells from NZB mice responded to peptide 861-874 or Band 3, although they responded to concanavalin A (Con A). However, thymocytes from mice expressing a transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR)-specific for myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide Ac 1-9 responded vigorously to Ac 1-9. It is considered that the T-cell response of NZB mice to Band 3 is initially focused on peptide 861-874 and later spreads to other Band 3 peptides as the disease progresses and that peptide 861-874-reactive T cells are primed in the periphery rather than the thymus. (+info)

Mapping of a palmitoylatable band 3-binding domain of human erythrocyte membrane protein 4.2. (7/661)

Evidence accumulated over the years suggests that human erythrocyte membrane protein 4.2 is one of the proteins involved in strengthening the cytoskeleton-membrane interactions in the red blood cell. Deficiency of protein 4.2 is linked with a variety of hereditary haemolytic anaemia. However, the interactions of protein 4.2 with other proteins of the erythrocyte membrane remain poorly understood. The major membrane-binding site for protein 4.2 resides on the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 (CDB3). In order to carry out an initial characterization of its interaction with the CDB3, protein 4. 2 was subjected to proteolytic cleavage and gel renaturation assay, and the 23-kDa N-terminal domain was found to interact with band 3. This domain contained two putative palmitoylatable cysteine residues, of which cysteine 203 was identified as the palmitoylatable cysteine. Recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fusion peptides derived from this domain were characterized with respect to their ability to interact with the CDB3. Whereas these studies do not rule out the involvement of other subsites on protein 4.2 in interaction with the CDB3, the evidence suggests that the region encompassing amino acid residues 187-211 is one of the domains critical for the protein 4.2-CDB3 interaction. This is also the first demonstration that palmitoylation serves as a positive modulator of this interaction. (+info)

Mild spherocytosis and altered red cell ion transport in protein 4. 2-null mice. (8/661)

Protein 4.2 is a major component of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane skeleton. We used targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem (ES) cells to elucidate protein 4.2 functions in vivo. Protein 4. 2-null (4.2(-/-)) mice have mild hereditary spherocytosis (HS). Scanning electron microscopy and ektacytometry confirm loss of membrane surface in 4.2(-/-) RBCs. The membrane skeleton architecture is intact, and the spectrin and ankyrin content of 4. 2(-/-) RBCs are normal. Band 3 and band 3-mediated anion transport are decreased. Protein 4.2(-/-) RBCs show altered cation content (increased K+/decreased Na+)resulting in dehydration. The passive Na+ permeability and the activities of the Na-K-2Cl and K-Cl cotransporters, the Na/H exchanger, and the Gardos channel in 4. 2(-/-) RBCs are significantly increased. Protein 4.2(-/-) RBCs demonstrate an abnormal regulation of cation transport by cell volume. Cell shrinkage induces a greater activation of Na/H exchange and Na-K-2Cl cotransport in 4.2(-/-) RBCs compared with controls. The increased passive Na+ permeability of 4.2(-/-) RBCs is also dependent on cell shrinkage. We conclude that protein 4.2 is important in the maintenance of normal surface area in RBCs and for normal RBC cation transport. (+info)

... hiv envelope protein gp41 MeSH D12.776.543.550.190.110 - anion exchange protein 1, erythrocyte MeSH D12.776.543.550.190.276 - ... erythrocyte MeSH D12.776.543.585.450.162.234 - organic anion transport protein 1 MeSH D12.776.543.585.450.162.235 - ... sodium-phosphate cotransporter proteins, type iii MeSH D12.776.543.585.450.162.110 - anion exchange protein 1, erythrocyte MeSH ... anion exchange protein 1, erythrocyte MeSH D12.776.543.550.190.442 - potassium-hydrogen antiporters MeSH D12.776.543.550. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.543)

"Entrez Gene: SLC4A2 solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 2 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3-like 1)". Gawenis ... Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC4A2 gene. AE2 is ... Gehrig H, Müller W, Appelhans H (1992). "Complete nucleotide sequence of band 3 related anion transport protein AE2 from human ... Jöns T, Drenckhahn D (1998). "Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) binds to erythrocyte ankyrin and is colocalized with ankyrin along the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_exchange_protein_2

... anion exchange protein 1, erythrocyte MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.162.193 - chloride-bicarbonate antiporters MeSH D12.776.157.530. ... erythrocyte MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.162.276 - potassium-hydrogen antiporters MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.162.442 - sodium-calcium ... organic anion transport polypeptide c MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.074.500.781.750 - organic anion transport protein 1 MeSH D12.776 ... anion transport proteins MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.074.249 - halorhodopsins MeSH D12.776.157.530.450.074.500 - organic anion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.157)

1990). "Regulation of intracellular pH by a neuronal homolog of the erythrocyte anion exchanger". Cell. 59 (5): 927-37. doi: ... Anion exchange protein 3 is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC4A3 gene. AE3 is functionally ... exchange protein but it is expressed primarily in brain neurons and in the heart. Like AE2 its activity is sensitive to pH. AE3 ... Morgans CW, Kopito RR (1993). "Association of the brain anion exchanger, AE3, with the repeat domain of ankyrin". J. Cell Sci. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_exchange_protein_3

... anion transport protein. This cotransporter is an important integral protein in mammalian erythrocytes and moves chloride ion ... The sodium-calcium exchanger exchanges 3 sodium ions for 1 calcium ion and represents a cation antiporter. Cells also contain ... The NKCC1 cotransport protein is found throughout the body but NKCC2 is found only in the kidney and removes the sodium, ... The four known KCC proteins team up to form two separate subfamilies with KCC1 and KCC3 pairing together and KCC2 and KCC4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotransporter

It is different from the anion exchanger that present in erythrocytes, renal tubule, and several other tissues. The protein ... It mediates chloride and bicarbonate exchange and additionally transports sulfate and other anions at the apical membrane, part ... Protein DRA is a membrane protein in intestinal cells. It is an anion exchanger and a member of the sulfate anion transporter ( ... Chloride anion exchanger, also known as down-regulated in adenoma (protein DRA), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_anion_exchanger

The increased rigidity of the erythrocyte membrane in SAO is thought to reduce the capacity of the band 3 proteins to cluster ... general rigidity of the cell membrane Loss of sensitivity to substances that cause spiculation of cells Reduced anion exchange ... Rather, the defect lies in a protein known as the band 3 protein, which lies in the cell membrane itself. The band 3 protein ... increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the band 3 protein, reduced sulfate anion transport through the cell membrane, and more ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_Asian_ovalocytosis

In these proteins it covers almost the entire length of the sequence. The Band 3 anion exchange proteins that exchange ... November 2015). "Crystal structure of the anion exchanger domain of human erythrocyte band 3" (PDF). Science. 350 (6261): 680-4 ... Several possibilities (uniport, anion:anion exchange and anion:cation exchange) can account for the data. The physiologically ... Anion exchanger proteins exchange HCO3 − for Cl− in a reversible, electroneutral manner. Na+/HCO3 − co-transport proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_exchanger_family

The sample material is subsequently run through an anion-exchange column to isolated and purify Cu. This step can also ... Andreini C, Banci L, Bertini I, Rosato A (January 2006). "Counting the zinc-proteins encoded in the human genome". Journal of ... relative to erythrocytes (i.e., red blood cells). In a study of 49 male and female blood donors, the average δ65Cu value of the ... In the context of catalytic activity, copper proteins function as electron or oxygen carriers, oxidases, mono- and dioxygenases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_metal_stable_isotope_biogeochemistry

... is a phylogenetically-preserved transport protein responsible for mediating the exchange of ... The erythrocyte and kidney forms are different isoforms of the same protein. The erythrocyte isoform of AE1, known as eAE1, is ... Band 3 anion transport protein, also known as anion exchanger 1 (AE1) or band 3 or solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1), ... Tanner MJ (2002). "Band 3 anion exchanger and its involvement in erythrocyte and kidney disorders". Curr. Opin. Hematol. 9 (2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_3_anion_transport_protein

The protein then undergoes a conformational change to a new 'closed'' conformation that exposes both the proton and lactate to ... For this reason, exchange of one monocarboxylate inside the cell with another outside is considerably faster than net transport ... MCT1 has a substrate binding site open to the extracellular matrix which binds a proton first followed by the lactate anion. ... Detailed kinetic analysis of monocarboxylate transport in erythrocytes revealed that MCT1 operates through an ordered mechanism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_1

Another protein considered to play an important role in adherence is P30, as M. pneumoniae cells with mutations in this protein ... Transmission of M. pneumoniae can only occur through close contact and exchange of aerosols by coughing due to the increased ... Adherence of M. pneumoniae to a host cell (usually a respiratory tract cell, but occasionally an erythrocyte or urogenital ... Local damage may also be a result of lactoferrin acquisition and subsequent hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and peroxide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_pneumoniae

... anion exchange chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The recovered purified ... The main challenge, however, is to deliver protein to the nerve cells as proteins usually are not applicable as pills. The ... ISBN 978-0-691-13295-2. Condrea E, Devries A, Mager J (February 1964). "Hemolysis and splitting of human erythrocyte ... After ion exchange, generally further chromatographic purification steps and buffer exchange occur. However, chromatographic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_venom

... ions from erythrocytes with a rate constant of 0.3 per second. [18F]NaF is also taken-up by immature erythrocytes in the bone ... The plasma protein binding of [18F]NaF is negligible. [18F]NaF renal clearance is affected by diet and pH level, due to its re- ... The chemically stable anion of Fluorine-18-Fluoride is a bone-seeking radiotracer in skeletal imaging. [18F]NaF has an affinity ... the most fundamental approach is considered here with two tissue compartments and four tracer-exchange parameters. The whole ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PET_for_bone_imaging

The bicarbonate ions in turn leave the RBC in exchange for chloride ions from the plasma, facilitated by the band 3 anion ... Protein 4.1R-based macromolecular complex - proteins interacting with Protein 4.1R. Protein 4.1R - weak expression of Gerbich ... The cytoplasm of erythrocytes is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and is responsible for ... The red blood cell membrane proteins organized according to their function: Transport Band 3 - Anion transporter, also an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell

Some of these proteins are linked to the exterior of the cell membrane. An example of this is the CD59 protein, which ... This random walk exchange allows lipid to diffuse and thus wander across the surface of the membrane. Unlike liquid phase ... Anions typically have a higher rate of diffusion through bilayers than cations. Compared to ions, water molecules actually have ... For instance, PS presence on the extracellular membrane face of erythrocytes is a marker of cell apoptosis, whereas PS in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_bilayer

Aida, Masao; Fujii, Yasuhiko; Okamoto, Makoto (1986). "Chromatographic Enrichment of 10B by Using Weak-Base Anion-Exchange ... A Human-Derived, Genetic, Positron-emitting and Fluorescent (HD-GPF) reporter system uses a human protein, PSMA and non- ... "18F-positron-emitting/fluorescent labeled erythrocytes allow imaging of internal hemorrhage in a murine intracranial hemorrhage ... It has a half-life of 3.5×10−22 s. Isotopic fractionation of boron is controlled by the exchange reactions of the boron species ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron

... in which the attack of a hydroxylate on an aldehyde renders it into a tetravalent alcohol anion; this anion donates its ... Finally, many proteins of unknown or uncertain function likewise resemble glyoxalase I, such as At5g48480 from the plant, ... Jafari S, Ryde U, Irani M (2019-01-01). "QM/MM study of the stereospecific proton exchange of glutathiohydroxyacetone by ... configuration of the lactoyl group of S-lactoylglutathionine formed by the action of glyoxalase I from porcine erythrocytes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactoylglutathione_lyase

To date, only the ZntA protein of Paramecium has been shown to be a Mg2+ channel. The mechanisms of Mg2+ transport by the ... stabilising anions or reactive intermediates, also including binding to ATP and activating the molecule to nucleophilic attack ... POTASSIUM/PROTON EXCHANGE ACROSS THE CHLOROPLAST ENVELOPE". Plant Physiology. 65 (2): 350-354. doi:10.1104/pp.65.2.350. PMC ... and Zinc in Normal Human Erythrocytes". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 44 (3): 379-389. doi:10.1172/JCI105151. PMC 292488. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology

... assessment using oligosaccharide substrates and high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection". ... matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), neuraminidase (NA) and large protein (L). All these proteins have variable functions ... Umeda M, Nojima S, Inoue K (February 1984). "Activity of human erythrocyte gangliosides as a receptor to HVJ". Virology. 133 (1 ... "ASGR1 protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2020-01-14. "ASGR2 protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

ProteinsEdit. The Mg2+ ion tends to bind only weakly to proteins (Ka ≤ 105[46]) and this can be exploited by the cell to switch ... high energy of hydration and very low rate of ligand exchange in the inner coordination sphere, these steps are probably more ... stabilising anions or reactive intermediates, also including binding to ATP and activating the molecule to nucleophilic attack ... "Spectrochemical Analysis of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Copper, and Zinc in Normal Human Erythrocytes". Journal of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_magnesium

ROS also interacts with ERK pathway that leads to activation of Ras, MEK and MEK-like proteins. These proteins activate protein ... The blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets) are produced by hematopoiesis. The erythrocytes have as main function ... Reactome data available in a variety of standard formats, including BioPAX, SBML and PSI-MI, and also enable data exchange with ... One example of a protein that binds to adaptor proteins and become activated is PLC that is very important in the lymphocyte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

Platinum NPs are used as catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), for industrial synthesis of nitric acid, ... These effects are seen in different levels of gene expression measured through protein levels. Last is the developmental ... "Platinum nanoparticle is a useful scavenger of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide". Free Radical Research. 41 (6): 615-26. ... "Investigations on the Structural Damage in Human Erythrocytes Exposed to Silver, Gold, and Platinum Nanoparticles". Advanced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum_nanoparticle

It is increased by a high-protein diet, by gastrointestinal bleeding (based on plasma protein level of 7.5 g/dl and a ... Creatinine must be determined in plasma or serum and not whole blood because erythrocytes contain considerable amounts of ... Anion gap (Delta ratio). *Winters' formula. *Buffering *Bicarbonate buffer system. *Respiratory compensation ... The range is wide because of normal variations due to protein intake, endogenous protein catabolism, state of hydration, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUN-to-creatinine_ratio

Each subunit is composed of a protein chain tightly associated with a non-protein prosthetic heme group. Each protein chain ... NO is not released in the cytoplasm of red blood cells but transported out of them by an anion exchanger called AE1.[70] ... erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates[4] (the exception being the fish family Channichthyidae[5]) as well as the tissues of ... In all proteins, it is the amino acid sequence that determines the protein's chemical properties and function. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_deficiency

Here it causes the reabsorption of sodium ions from the renal tubular fluid, in exchange for potassium ions which are secreted ... The abnormally high plasma ionized calcium concentrations cause conformational changes in many cell-surface proteins ( ... erythrocytes). The increase in RBCs leads to an increased hematocrit in the blood, and subsequent increase in hemoglobin that ... Metabolic: High anion gap *Ketoacidosis. *Diabetic ketoacidosis. *Alcoholic ketoacidosis. *Lactic. *Normal anion gap * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis

One hemichannel proteins have four transmembrane domains[6][19]. *6 hemichannel proteins create one hemichannel. When different ... Hu, X; Dahl, G (1999). "Exchange of conductance and gating properties between gap junction hemichannels". FEBS Lett. 451 (2): ... with the exception of adult fully developed skeletal muscle and mobile cell types such as sperm or erythrocytes. Gap junctions ... a protein from rat heart homologous to a gap junction protein from liver". The Journal of Cell Biology. 105 (6 Pt 1): 2621-9. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_junction

"Glycated Hemoglobin in Uremic Patients as Measured by Affinity and Ion-Exchange Chromatography" (PDF). clinchem.com. Retrieved ... Glycation of proteins is a frequent occurrence, but in the case of hemoglobin, a nonenzymatic condensation reaction occurs ... or high erythrocyte turnover; in the presence of chronic renal or liver disease; after administration of high-dose vitamin C; ... 1. c. mmol. mol. =. [. D. C. C. T. H. B. A. 1. c. (. %. ). −. 2.14. ]. ×. 10.929. {\displaystyle \mathrm {IFCC} \,\mathrm { ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_A1C

Erythrocyte" by people in this website by year, and whether "Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte" was a major or minor topic ... Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte [D12.776.157.530.450.162.110]. *Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters [D12.776.157.530.450.162 ... Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte [D12.776.543.585.450.162.110]. *Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters [D12.776.543.585.450.162 ... "Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/113805

Erythrocyte" by people in this website by year, and whether "Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte" was a major or minor topic ... "Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, ... A major integral transmembrane protein of the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE. It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte" by people in Profiles. ...

https://researchers.childrensmercy.org/display/4105

In both erythrocytes and the basolateral membrane of the collecting-duct α-intercalated cells, the role of … ... The membrane transporter anion exchanger 1 (AE1), or band 3, is a key component in the processes of carbon-dioxide transport in ... Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / chemistry* * Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / metabolism ... which catalyzes the anion-exchange reaction, has finally been determined. Each protomer of the AE1 dimer comprises two repeats ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29167180/

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / metabolism * Aquaporin 2 / metabolism * Autophagy * Cell Proliferation ... Erythrocyte * Aqp2 protein, rat * Aquaporin 2 * Potassium, Dietary ... LC3 protein expression increased significantly and autophagic vacuoles appeared particularly in PCs on days 14 of K⁺-D and in ... E-Y Park 1 , W-Y Kim, Y-M Kim, J-H Lee, K-H Han, I D Weiner, J Kim ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23059887/?dopt=Abstract

The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex ... both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural protein. Major ... erythrocyte membrane and for normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins ... Protein Feature View of PDB entries mapped to a UniProtKB sequence * Number of PDB entries for P78487: no matching PDB entries ...

http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/protein/P78487

The Erythrocyte Anion-Exchange Protein Ron R. Kopito, Harvey F. Lodish. Pages 39-59 ... Neutrophil Activation, Polyphosphoinositide Hydrolysis, and the Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Proteins Paul H. Naccache, ... acid calcium channels development electron microscopy membrane transport metabolism microscopy morphology pharmacology proteins ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-5062-0

... erythrocyte membrane and for normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins ... Mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the kidney, and is required for normal acidification of the urine. ... Major integral membrane glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane; required for normal flexibility and stability of the ... Functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P32847

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / analysis. Anura / anatomy & histology, embryology*. Biological Markers. Cell ... Erythrocyte; 0/Biological Markers; 0/Lectins; 0/Peanut Agglutinin ... Previous Document: Immunodetection and localization of protein(s) related to retinal S-antigen (arrestin) in kidney.. Next ... The finding of the presence of band 3-like protein in the MR cells of Pelobates, is similar to the observations made in the ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Developmental-changes-in-heterocellular-epidermis/1300199.html

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / antagonists & inhibitors*. Benzenesulfonates / pharmacology*. Biological Transport, ... Erythrocyte Membrane / drug effects, metabolism. Humans. Kinetics. Models, Biological. Nicotinic Acids / pharmacology*. ... 0/Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; 0/Benzenesulfonates; 0/Chlorides; 0/NBD-taurine; 0/Nicotinic Acids; 0/Oxadiazoles; ... Next Document: Response of the local heme environment of (carbonmonoxy)hemoglobin to protein dehydration.. ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Molecular-mechanisms-band-3-inhibitors/3801448.html

Cloning and characterization of band 3, the human erythrocyte anion-exchange protein (AE1). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.1993;86 : ... Showe LC, Ballantine M, Huebner K. Localization of the gene for the erythroid anion exchange protein, band 3 (EMPB3), to human ... Band 3 protein is a 911 amino acid membrane protein encoded by the anion exchanger erythroid isoform (AE1) gene located on ... Band 3 anion exchanger and its involvement in erythrocyte and kidney disorders. Curr Opin Hematol.2002;9 :133- 139. ...

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/112/6/1361?ijkey=85dee70647b0246cd7af1da84cd841310b31bfe1&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_exchange_protein_2

... is a protein that appears on old cells and acts as a specific signal for the termination of that cell by initiating the binding ... Knauf PA (1979) Erythrocyte anion exchange and the band 3 protein: Transport kinetics and molecular structure. Curr Top Membr ... Kopito RR, Lodish HF (1985) Structure of the murine anion exchange protein. J Cell Biochem 29: 1-17PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Kurycki K, Shull G (1989) Primary structure of the rat kidney band 3 anion exchange protein deduced from a cDNA. J Biol Chem ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-84224-5_9

... is an Escherichia coli Protein fragment 1 to 403 aa range, , 90% purity and validated in SDS-PAGE. ... Erythrocyte membrane protein band 3. *Erythroid anion exchange protein. *FR. *Froese blood group ... Detected in erythrocytes (at protein level) (PubMed:7506871, PubMed:26542571). Isoform 2 is expressed in kidney (at protein ... both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural protein. Major ...

https://www.abcam.com/recombinant-human-band-3ae-1-protein-tagged-ab235968.html

This protein transports negatively charged atoms (anions) across cell membranes. Learn about this gene and related health ... The SLC4A1 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as anion exchanger 1 (AE1). ... erythrocyte membrane protein band 3. *erythroid anion exchange protein. *FR. *Froese blood group ... In addition to exchanging ions, the longer AE1 protein attaches to other proteins that make up the structural framework (the ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/slc4a1/

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel known to mediate nociception and neurogenic inflammation, and ... ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN 1, ERYTHROCYTE). Ankyrin repeats cooperatively fold into domains that mediate molecular recognition via ... It functions as a receptor for SERRATE-JAGGED PROTEINS and Delta1 (DLK1) protein to control cell fate determination. ... Protein motif that contains a 33-amino acid long sequence that often occurs in tandem arrays. This repeating sequence of 33- ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/2274297/Transient-Receptor-Potential-Ankyrin-1-Enhances-Ovalbumin-Induced-Acute-Allergic-Inflammation-in.html

Ab114931 is a protein fragment produced in Wheat germ and has been validated in WB, ELISA, SDS-PAGE. Abcam provides free… ... Plasma membrane anion exchange protein of wide distribution.. * Sequence similarities. Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A. ... erythrocyte band 3. *Erythrocyte membrane protein band 3 like 1. *HKB3. *MPB3L ... Protein concentration is above or equal to 0.05 mg/ml. Best use within three months from the date of receipt of this protein. ...

http://www.abcam.com/recombinant-human-ae2-protein-ab114931.html

... such as deformability and anion exchange. Band 3 protein, also known as anion exchanger-1, plays an important role in these two ... Keywords: Band 3, oxidative stress, erythrocyte deformation, anion exchange Citation: Biorheology, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 179-190 ... but also blunted the functional damage to erythrocytes, such as …deformability and anion exchange, without changing the level ... We show that oxidative stress activated caspase-3 inside the erythrocytes, which resulted in band 3 protein cleavage. ...

https://content.iospress.com/journals/biorheology/44/3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.776.543)

Background: Anion exchange protein 1 (AE1), also named solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1), is an anion transporter that ... A different isoform of AE1 is a major integral membrane structure protein of erythrocytes, where it plays a critical role in ... Background: Anion exchange protein 1 (AE1), also named solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1), is an anion transporter that ... The MRP proteins are membrane proteins that function as organic anion pumps involved in the cellular removal of cancer drugs (2 ...

https://www.cellsignal.com/1/3/monoclonal-antibody-anion-transmembrane-transporter-activity

J:35614 Kopito RR, et al., Primary structure and transmembrane orientation of the murine anion exchange protein. Nature. 1985 ... Homozygotes for null mutations exhibit retarded growth, severe spherocytosis, hemolytic anemia, lack of erythrocyte glycophorin ... protein coding gene. Chr11:102348820-102366203 (-). 129S1/SvImJ MGP_129S1SvImJ_G0019232. protein coding gene. Chr11:105314974- ... protein coding gene. Chr11:100876913-100894310 (-). AKR/J MGP_AKRJ_G0019169. protein coding gene. Chr11:103990994-104009893 (-) ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:109393

To distinguish contaminants such as plasma or erythrocyte proteins from true platelet proteins, we monitored protein abundance ... Peptides were eluted after digestion with trypsin and subjected to a StageTip-based (14) strong anion exchange fractionation ( ... However, contaminants also included known erythrocyte markers such as erythrocytic spectrin, erythrocyte membrane protein band ... We accurately measured the absolute protein concentrations of 13 platelet proteins using SILAC-protein epitope signature tags ...

https://www.mcponline.org/content/13/12/3435?ijkey=78427b8b6cad28a024c4837568b62e69017dbb95&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Ectopic expression of the erythrocyte band 3 anion exchange protein, using a new avian retrovirus vector. Fuerstenberg, S., ... The accuracy of Qβ RNA translation: 2. Errors during the synthesis of Qβ proteins by cell‐free Escherichia coli extracts. ... Prevention of EGF-modulated adhesion of tumor cells to matrix proteins by specific EGF receptor inhibition. Genersch, E., ... Ligand mediated activation of ectopic EGF receptor promotes matrix protein adhesion and lung colonization of rat mammary ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/khashayarsha-khazaie/publications/?ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false

Erythrocyte Anion Exchange Protein 1 Anions Erythrocytes Congenital Hemolytic Anemia Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters ... Crystallization of Human Erythrocyte Band 3, the anion exchanger, at the International Space Station "KIBO". Hatae, H., Inaka, ... Crystal structure of the anion exchanger domain of human erythrocyte band 3. Arakawa, T., Kobayashi-Yurugi, T., Alguel, Y., ... Determination of saposin proteins (sphingolipid activator proteins) in human tissues. Morimoto, S., Yamamoto, Y., OBrien, J. S ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/ja/organisations/pharmaceutical-health-care-and-sciences/publications/?ordering=type&descending=false&page=5

Erythrocyte Anion Exchange Protein 1 Protein Transport Cell Size Membrane Proteins 2012 ... Na+/H+ and Na+/NH4 + exchange activities of zebrafish NHE3b expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Ito, Y., Kato, A., Hirata, T., Hirose ... Slc4-like anion transporters of the larval mosquito alimentary canal. Linser, P. J., Neira Oviedo, M., Hirata, T., Seron, T. J ... Transport proteins NHA1 and NHA2 are essential for survival, but have distinct transport modalities. Chintapalli, V. R., Kato, ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/michael-f-romero/publications/

What is Cytoskeletal proteins? Meaning of Cytoskeletal proteins medical term. What does Cytoskeletal proteins mean? ... Looking for online definition of Cytoskeletal proteins in the Medical Dictionary? Cytoskeletal proteins explanation free. ... Neurobehavioral deficits in mice lacking the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeletal protein 4.. Abnormal Erythrocyte Anion Exchange ... redirected from Cytoskeletal proteins). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Encyclopedia. cytoskeleton. [si″to-skel´ĕ-ton] a ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Cytoskeletal+proteins

CD233 is a phylogenetically preserved transport protein responsible for mediating the electroneutral anion exchange of chloride ... membrane as well as for the normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins ... It is the major integral membrane glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane and is required for the normal flexibility and ... CD233 mediates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the kidney, and is required for the normal acidification of the urine. ...

https://www.miltenyibiotec.com/NO-en/products/cd233-antibody-anti-human-reafinity-rea368.html

Anion transport mechanisms are found in mammalian cell membranes in the form of exchangers or antiporters (Passow, 1987; ... Kopito, R. R., and Lodish, H. F., 1985: Structure of the murine anion exchange protein,J. Cell. Bioch., 29:1-17.CrossRefGoogle ... Frohlich, O., and Gunn, R. B., 1986: Erythrocyte anion transport: the kinetics of a single site obligatory exchange system, ... Jay, D., and Cantley, L. C., 1986: Structural aspects of the red cell anion exchange protein,Ann. Rev. Biochem., 55:511-538 ...

https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-9601-8_18

Anion exchange protein 3 (AE 3; AE3) (Anion exchanger 3) (CAE3/BAE3) (Cardiac/brain band 3-like protein) (Neuronal band 3-like ... structural protein. It is a major integral membrane glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane required for normal flexibility ... Anion exchange protein 4 (AE 4) (Anion exchanger 4) (Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 5) (Solute carrier family 4 member 9) ... The protein functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral inorganic anion exchange (e.g., Cl- against HCO3-) ...

https://www.tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=2.A.31.2

It was discovered that mutations in SLC4A1, which encodes the erythrocyte anion exchanger protein 1 (AE1, band 3), are ... The transmembrane domain of band 3 is responsible for its anion exchange activity, transporting bicarbonate ions (produced from ... 2009) A novel erythroid anion exchange variant (Gly796Arg) of hereditary stomatocytosis associated with dyserythropoiesis. ... 4 Band 3 is the most abundant erythrocyte membrane protein and plays a central role in red cell structure and function. Through ...

http://www.haematologica.org/content/94/8/1039

Erythrocyte Anion Exchange Protein 1 Phanerochaete Antiporters Basidiomycota Organism Cloning 6 引用 (Scopus) ... Mapping ultra-weak protein-protein interactions between heme transporters of Staphylococcus aureus. Abe, R., Caaveiro, J. M. M. ... DnaA protein DNA-binding domain binds to Hda protein to promote inter-AAA+ domain interaction involved in regulatory ... The E1 Protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Is Dispensable for Maintenance Replication of the Viral Genome. Egawa, N., ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/ja/organisations/pharmaceutical-health-care-and-sciences/publications/?page=7

It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral transporting in CHLORIDE IONS in exchange of BICARBONATE IONS allowing CO2 uptake and transport from tissues to lungs by the red blood cells. (childrensmercy.org)
The membrane transporter anion exchanger 1 (AE1), or band 3, is a key component in the processes of carbon-dioxide transport in the blood and urinary acidification in the renal collecting duct. (nih.gov)
The anion exchanger gene ( AE1 ) or band 3 encodes a chloride-bicarbonate (Cl − /HCO 3 − ) exchanger expressed in the erythrocyte and in the renal α-intercalated cells involved in urine acidification. (aappublications.org)
The HCO 3 − generated by this process is transported across the basolateral membrane through the anion exchanger 1 ( AE1 ), a HCO 3 − /Cl − anion exchanger. (aappublications.org)
One of the possible defects resulting in dRTA may affect the anion exchanger, vital to tubular acid secretion because loss of its function in the presence of continuing H + secretion by the luminal proton pumps would lead to excessive accumulation of HCO 3 − within the cell, with a consequent reduction in the dissociation of CA II and hence reduced availability of protons for secretion into the tubular lumen. (aappublications.org)
Expression of the anion exchanger (AE) gene family in human brain. (wikipedia.org)
Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2.A.31) family. (abcam.com)
The SLC4A1 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as anion exchanger 1 (AE1). (medlineplus.gov)
It was discovered that mutations in SLC4A1 , which encodes the erythrocyte anion exchanger protein 1 (AE1, band 3), are responsible for some types of HSt. (haematologica.org)
Some point mutations in AE allow the normally electroneutral anion exchanger to catalyze Na + and K + conductance or induce a cation leak in the still functional anion exchanger. (tcdb.org)
AE3) (Anion exchanger 3) (CAE3/BAE3) (Cardiac/brain band 3-like protein) (Neuronal band 3-like protein) (Solute carrier family 4 member 3). (tcdb.org)
Anion exchanger 1 (AE1, Band 3 anion exchanger, Slc4a1) of 918 aas and 13 TMSs in a 1 + 12 TMS arrangement that looks like a 1 + 6 + 6 arrangement. (tcdb.org)
It is due to reduced urinary acidification by the α-intercalated cells in the collecting duct and can be caused by mutations in genes that encode subunits of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (ATP6V1B1, ATP6V0A4) or the anion exchanger 1 (SLC4A1). (unboundmedicine.com)
The process by which an anion in a mobile (liquid) phase exchanges with another anion previously bound to a solid, nonmobile, positively charged phase, the latter being an anion exchanger. (thefreedictionary.com)
Processing of N-linked oligosaccharide depends on its location in the anion exchanger, AE1, membrane glycoprotein. (semanticscholar.org)
The human erythrocyte anion exchanger (AE)1 (Band 3) contains a single complex N-linked oligosaccharide that is attached to Asn(642) in the fourth extracellular loop of this polytopic membrane protein, while other isoforms (AE2, AE3 and trout AE1) are N-glycosylated on the preceding extracellular loop. (semanticscholar.org)
Differential roles of tryptophan residues in the functional expression of human anion exchanger 1 (AE1, Band 3, SLC4A1). (semanticscholar.org)
Cell surface expression and internalization of the murine erythroid AE1 anion exchanger tagged with an extracellular FLAG epitope. (semanticscholar.org)
Topology of transmembrane segments 1-4 in the human chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 1 (AE1) by scanning N-glycosylation mutagenesis. (semanticscholar.org)
Calnexin interaction with N-glycosylation mutants of a polytopic membrane glycoprotein, the human erythrocyte anion exchanger 1 (band 3). (semanticscholar.org)
Transmembrane folding of the human erythrocyte anion exchanger (AE1, Band 3) determined by scanning and insertional N-glycosylation mutagenesis. (semanticscholar.org)
Missense mutations in the erythroid band 3 protein (Anion Exchanger 1) have been associated with hereditary stomatocytosis. (hindawi.com)
Band 3 or anion exchanger 1 (AE1) is the major red cell membrane protein. (hindawi.com)
The SLC4A9 gene encodes AE4 has previously been reported to function as a Cl − /HCO 3 − exchanger and electroneutral Na + -HCO 3 − cotransporter, but has recently been shown to mediate electroneutral monovalent cation (Na + /K + )-dependent Cl − /HCO 3 − exchange (Pena-Munzenmayer et al. (springer.com)
Crystal structure of the anion exchanger domain of human erythrocyte band 3. (springer.com)
Anion Exchanger 1 ( AE1 ) or Band 3 is a phylogenetically preserved transport protein responsible for catalysing the electroneutral exchange of chloride (Cl-) for bicarbonate (HCO3-) across a plasma membrane . (bionity.com)
Our results provide evidence for the existence of a K(+)(Na(+))/H(+) exchanger in the human erythrocyte membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
Specific point mutations in human anion exchanger 1 (AE1) convert this electroneutral anion exchanger into a monovalent cation conductance. (tcdb.org)
Band 3 anion exchanger function seems to be biochemically regulated through modulation of band 3 phosphorylation, which depends on cyclic AMP- and phospholipid-sensitive Ca 2+ independent protein kinases. (usu.edu)
This repeating sequence of 33- Amino Acids was discovered in Ankyrin where it is involved in interaction with the anion exchanger ( Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte ). (online-medical-dictionary.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is part of the anion exchanger (AE) family and is expressed in the erythrocyte plasma membrane, where it functions as a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger involved in carbon dioxide transport from tissues to lungs. (creative-biolabs.com)
The encoded protein associates with the red cell membrane protein glycophorin A and this association promotes the correct folding and translocation of the exchanger. (creative-biolabs.com)
Human anion exchanger 1 and 2 (AE1 and AE2) mediate the exchange of Cl − /HCO 3 − across the plasma membrane and regulate intracellular pH (pHi). (biomedcentral.com)
Topology models of anion exchanger 1 that incorporate the anti-parallel V-shaped motifs found in the EM structure. (vobemamatil.gq)
Jiang, J. Single particle electron microscopy analysis of the bovine anion exchanger 1 reveals a flexible linker connecting the cytoplasmic and membrane domains. (vobemamatil.gq)
Background Cryohydrocytosis is an inherited dominant hemolytic anemia characterized by mutations in a transmembrane segment of the anion exchanger (band 3 protein). (haematologica.org)
Transfection experiments performed in Xenopus oocytes suggested that these mutations may convert the anion exchanger into a non-selective cation channel. (haematologica.org)
11 Collectively, these results suggested that the mutation may convert the band 3 protein from an anion exchanger to a non-selective cation channel. (haematologica.org)

The SLC4A1 gene mutations involved in SLC4A1 -associated distal renal tubular acidosis lead to production of altered AE1 proteins that are either stuck inside the cell or trafficked to the wrong side of the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
In the autosomal dominant form of the condition, gene mutations affect only one copy of the SLC4A1 gene, and normal AE1 protein is produced from the other copy. (medlineplus.gov)
In autosomal recessive SLC4A1 -associated distal renal tubular acidosis, both copies of the SLC4A1 gene are mutated, so all of the protein produced from this gene is altered and not trafficked correctly. (medlineplus.gov)
Studies suggest that with the help of glycophorin A, the altered AE1 protein can often get to the cell membrane in red blood cells, which explains why most people with SLC4A1 -associated distal renal tubular acidosis do not have blood cell abnormalities. (medlineplus.gov)
Background: Anion exchange protein 1 (AE1), also named solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1), is an anion transporter that mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the kidney and regulates normal acidification of the urine (1,2). (cellsignal.com)
Clone REA368 recognizes the human CD233 antigen, a multi-pass membrane protein also known as anion exchange protein 1 (AE1) or solute carrier family 4 member 1 (SLC4A1). (miltenyibiotec.com)
SLC4a1, Q9BWU0) transports a variety of inorganic and organic anions. (tcdb.org)
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is caused by mutations in the SPTA1, SPTB, ANK1, SLC4A1, and EPB42 genes, all of which encode erythrocyte membrane proteins. (bvsalud.org)
Mutations in SLC4A1, which encodes band 3 protein, have rarely been reported as the causative factor among Korean patients with HS. (bvsalud.org)
As this protein is also expressed in kidney, a renal phenotype can be associated with SLC4A1 mutations. (hindawi.com)
It appears that the SLC4A1 mutations can be divided into two classes according to the way they impair AE1 function: (1) those that prevent correct folding of the protein so that it is not addressed to plasma membrane. (hindawi.com)

Functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural protein. (rcsb.org)
However, the altered protein attaches to the normal protein and keeps it from getting to the correct location, leading to a severe reduction or absence of AE1 protein in the correct part of the cell membrane. (medlineplus.gov)
Through its large N-terminal domain, band 3 binds ankyrin (along with other cytosolic proteins) and forms a link between the red cell membrane and the flexible spectrin cytoskeleton. (haematologica.org)
Cl - against HCO 3 - ) across the cell membrane and as a structural protein. (tcdb.org)
4) Our results show that the C-terminus of the red-cell anion transport protein is located on the cytoplasmic side of the red-cell membrane. (biochemj.org)
We hypothesize that altered red-cell membrane band 3 protein may be a target for enhanced antibody binding to alpha-thalassaemic IRBCs and could be involved in the mechanism of malaria protection. (ox.ac.uk)
AE1 was discovered following SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte cell membrane . (bionity.com)
AE1 is an important structural component of the erythrocyte cell membrane, making up to 25% of the cell membrane surface, indeed each red cell contains approximately one million copies of AE1. (bionity.com)
All AE proteins are hypothesized to share a similar topology in the cell membrane. (tcdb.org)

It exists as a dimer and performs the important function of allowing the efficient transport of bicarbonate across erythrocyte cell membranes in exchange for chloride ion. (umassmed.edu)
In both erythrocytes and the basolateral membrane of the collecting-duct α-intercalated cells, the role of AE1 is to catalyze a one-for-one exchange of chloride for bicarbonate. (nih.gov)
Mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the kidney, and is required for normal acidification of the urine. (rcsb.org)
Specifically, AE1 exchanges negatively charged atoms of chlorine (chloride ions) for negatively charged bicarbonate molecules (bicarbonate ions). (medlineplus.gov)
In alpha-intercalated cells, the exchange of bicarbonate through the AE1 protein allows acid to be released from the cell into the urine. (medlineplus.gov)
Improper location or absence of AE1 in kidney cell membranes disrupts bicarbonate exchange, and as a result, acid cannot be released into the urine. (medlineplus.gov)
CD233 is a phylogenetically preserved transport protein responsible for mediating the electroneutral anion exchange of chloride for bicarbonate across a plasma membrane. (miltenyibiotec.com)
The transmembrane domain of band 3 is responsible for its anion exchange activity, transporting bicarbonate ions (produced from the carbon dioxide released from respiring tissues) out of the red cell in exchange for chloride ions, which allows the whole blood volume to be used for carriage of carbon dioxide. (haematologica.org)
Transport activity of AE3 chloride/bicarbonate anion-exchange proteins and their regulation by intracellular pH. (semanticscholar.org)
It belongs to the Solute Carrier 4A family (SLC4A) grouping bicarbonate transporters [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
This protein catalyzes electroneutral chloride-bicarbonate exchange, and it is also expressed in kidney α -intercalated cells and in cardiomyocytes [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Amlal H, Chen Q, Greeley T, Pavelic L, Soleimani M. Coordinated down-regulation of NBC-1 and NHE-3 in sodium and bicarbonate loading. (springer.com)
Electroneutral chloride and bicarbonate exchange across the plasma membrane on a one-for-one basis.This is crucial for CO 2 uptake by the red cell and conversion (by hydration catalysed by carbonic anhydrase ) into a proton and a bicarbonate ion. (bionity.com)
kAE1 exchanges bicarbonate for chloride on the basolateral surface, essentially returning bicarbonate to the blood. (bionity.com)
Science , - Demirci, F. Proximal renal tubular acidosis and ocular pathology: a novel missense mutation in the gene SLC4A4 for sodium bicarbonate cotransporter protein NBCe1. (vobemamatil.gq)

Functions as a transporter that mediates the 1:1 exchange of inorganic anions across the erythrocyte membrane. (rcsb.org)
The protein functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral inorganic anion exchange (e.g. (tcdb.org)
Modification of a carboxyl group that appears to cross the permeability barrier in the red blood cell anion transporter. (rupress.org)
It has been clearly demonstrated that lactate is capable of entering cells via the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) protein shuttle system and that conversion of lactate to and from pyruvate is governed by specific lactate dehydrogenase isoforms, thereby forming a highly adaptable metabolic intermediate system. (biologists.org)
It is protein counter-transporter , known as band III. (bionity.com)
AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)
SAT1, sulfate anion transporter 1. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Results In the cold, the cryohydrocytosis patient's erythrocytes swelled in KCl-containing, but not in NaCl-containing or KNO 3 -containing media indicating that volume changes were mediated by an anion-coupled cation transporter. (haematologica.org)

The renal proximal tubule: a model for diversity of anion exchangers and stilbene sensitive anion transporters , Ann. (springer.com)
Cl - permeability assays are used to detect activity of the CFTR and other anion transporters. (thermofisher.com)
This was mediated via membrane Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange (the AE1 gene product), irrespective of whether recovery was from an intracellular acid or base load, and with no evident contribution from other transporters such as Na(+)/H(+) exchange. (ox.ac.uk)
Chaperone stress 70 protein (STCH) binds and regulates two acid/base transporters NBCe1-B and NHE1. (springer.com)
Development of synthetic membrane transporters for anions. (vobemamatil.gq)
Dendrogram of the SLC26A family of multifunctional anion transporters. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

In addition to exchanging ions, the longer AE1 protein attaches to other proteins that make up the structural framework (the cytoskeleton) of red blood cells, helping to maintain their structure. (medlineplus.gov)
This indication of a primary parasite interaction site on band 3 supports a role for this protein in mediating the radical alterations of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton that accompany invasion. (nih.gov)
Chicken erythroid AE1 anion exchangers associate with the cytoskeleton during recycling to the Golgi. (semanticscholar.org)
A family of membrane-associated proteins responsible for the attachment of the cytoskeleton. (sickkids.ca)
Erythrocyte-related isoforms of ankyrin attach the SPECTRIN cytoskeleton to a transmembrane protein (ANION EXCHANGE PROTEIN 1, ERYTHROCYTE) in the erythrocyte plasma membrane. (sickkids.ca)

1 The cation leak results in deregulation of cellular volume, which can lead to morphological abnormality. (haematologica.org)
Again, it is thought that the mutations responsible (Ser731Pro and His734Gln) affect the normal folding of band 3 and convert the protein into a cation conductor. (haematologica.org)
4 Another mutation in band 3 has been identified as responsible for HSt Blackburn (Leu687Pro), in which affected erythrocytes share features of CHC and familial pseudohyperkalemia ( see below ), but the cation leak is not increased at low temperatures. (haematologica.org)
In the presence of gramicidin to increase the cation permeability, the stoichiometry of SO4(=)-Cl- exchange is not distinguishable from 1:1. (rupress.org)
in combination with the cation exchange, NaCl is removed from solution. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cation exchange is used in ion-exchange chromatography and in certain water purifiers. (thefreedictionary.com)
The present study was performed to characterize so far unexplored ion transport pathways that may render erythrocytes of a single cryohydrocytosis patient cation-leaky. (haematologica.org)
Kinetics, temperature and inhibitor-dependence of the cation and water movements in the cryohydrocytosis patient's erythrocytes were studied using radioactive tracers and flame photometry. (haematologica.org)
Response of the membrane potential of the patient's erythrocyte membrane to the presence of ionophores and blockers of anion and cation channels was assessed. (haematologica.org)
Finally, neither chloride nor cation conductance in the patient's erythrocytes differed from that of healthy donors. (haematologica.org)

required for normal flexibility and stability of the erythrocyte membrane and for normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins, glycolytic enzymes, and hemoglobin. (rcsb.org)
Contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in smooth muscle during hypertrophy and its reversal. (thefreedictionary.com)
Neurobehavioral deficits in mice lacking the erythrocyte membrane cytoskeletal protein 4. (thefreedictionary.com)
VASP recruitment to the bacterial surface in turn allows the recruitment of other cytoskeletal proteins , such as actin and profilin, and forms the basis of an actin-based motor for Shigella movement. (thefreedictionary.com)
Our earlier studies have identified defects in spectrin tetramer formation and organization of cytoskeletal proteins (Basu et al. (bvsalud.org)
Their N-terminal hydrophilic domains may interact with cytoskeletal proteins and therefore play a cell structural role. (tcdb.org)

A ubiquitous membrane transport protein found in the plasma membrane of diverse cell types and tissues, and in nuclear, mitochondrial, and Golgi membranes. (umassmed.edu)
This protein transports negatively charged atoms (anions) across cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
However, some altered AE1 proteins cannot be helped by glycophorin A and are not trafficked to red blood cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
Sidedness of inhibitory effects as evidence for asymmetric location of the anion transport system of red blood cell membranes , Fed. (springer.com)
however, the bivalent form of one of the antibodies reduced the inhibitory potency of 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene disulphonate on sulphate exchange transport in resealed erythrocyte membranes. (biochemj.org)
Regulation mechanism of the lateral diffusion of band 3 in erythrocyte membranes by the membrane skeleton. (nih.gov)
Band 3 has been shown to bind glycolytic enzymes to membranes of mammalian erythrocytes. (nih.gov)
The generality of this method is demonstrated with three different membranes containing bovine rhodopsin in reconstituted bilayers, natural membranes with the red cell anion exchange transport protein in erythrocytes, band 3, and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. (ox.ac.uk)
In this light, a reduced glycosaminoglycan concentration in the erythrocyte membranes of stone formers might play a role, as these molecules exert a strong inhibitory effects on band 3 phosphorylation and anion transport in vitro and in vivo . (usu.edu)
Neuron 26, - Dahl, N. Danielsen, A. Water permeation across biological membranes: mechanism and dynamics of Aquaporin-1 and GlpF. (vobemamatil.gq)
Drickamer, L. Fragmentation of the 95,dalton transmembrane polypeptide in human erythrocyte membranes. (vobemamatil.gq)
Fragmentation of the Band 3 polypeptide from human erythrocyte membranes. (vobemamatil.gq)
Orientation of the Band 3 polypeptide from human erythrocyte membranes. (vobemamatil.gq)
Proteolytic cleavage sites of Band 3 protein in alkali-treated membranes: fidelity of hydropathy prediction for Band 3 protein. (vobemamatil.gq)

Western blot analysis showed the presence of a band 3-like protein of about 95 kDa, only in the adult epithelial extract, corroborating the immunocytochemical observations. (biomedsearch.com)
The finding of the presence of band 3-like protein in the MR cells of Pelobates, is similar to the observations made in the skin of other amphibian species. (biomedsearch.com)
As band 3 deficiency might lead to spherocytic hemolytic anemia or ovalocytosis, erythrocyte abnormalities were also investigated, but no morphologic changes in erythrocyte membrane were found and the osmotic fragility test was normal. (aappublications.org)
AE2 is functionally similar to the Band 3 Cl−/HCO3− exchange protein. (wikipedia.org)
Associations of human erythrocyte band 4.2. (wikipedia.org)
the aging antigen itself is generated by the degradation of an important structural and transport membrane molecule, protein band 3 (Kay 1984). (springer.com)
Bennett V, Stenbuck PJ (1980) Association between ankyrin and the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 isolated from the human erythrocyte membrane. (springer.com)
HSt should be considered when the clinical severity of a presumed HS is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in band 3 (spectrin, ankyrin or protein 4.2) by SDS-PAGE analysis. (haematologica.org)
4 Band 3 is the most abundant erythrocyte membrane protein and plays a central role in red cell structure and function. (haematologica.org)
2018 ). Interaction of the human erythrocyte Band 3 with lipids and glycophorin A have revealed the molecular organization of the Wright (Wr) blood group antigen ( Kalli and Reithmeier 2018 ). (tcdb.org)
1) We have prepared murine monoclonal antibodies to the membrane domain of the human erythrocyte anion transport protein (band 3). (biochemj.org)
Invasion was most effectively inhibited by erythroglycan, a carbohydrate component of the band 3 transmembrane protein. (nih.gov)
Mild trypsin treatment of ghosts, which cleaves off the cytoplasmic portion of band 3 without affecting spectrin, actin, and protein 4.1, increased the intercompartmental hop rate of band 3 by a factor of 6, whereas it did not change the corral size and the microscopic diffusion rate within a corral. (nih.gov)
Spectrin and band 3 protein were most rapidly degraded in human and pig ghosts. (uthscsa.edu)
An immunoenzimatic assay (ELISA) was standardized to determine the natural anti-band 3 antibodies by coupling with Chemobond plates the band 3 protein obtained from the membrane of human erythrocytes by a combination of affinity and anion exchange chromatography. (bvsalud.org)
3 g of band 3 protein per well were used. (bvsalud.org)
A level of detection of 1 g/mL of anti-band 3 antibody was achieved. (bvsalud.org)
Rapid electrogenic sulfate-chloride exchange mediated by chemically modified band 3 in human erythrocytes. (rupress.org)
This is the first example of an obligatory, electrogenic exchange process in band 3 and demonstrates that the coupling between influx and efflux does not require that the overall exchange be electrically neutral. (rupress.org)
Characterization of oxalate transport by the human erythrocyte band 3 protein. (rupress.org)
Effect of band 3 subunit equilibrium on the kinetics and affinity of ankyrin binding to erythrocyte membrane vesicles. (semanticscholar.org)
Reconstitution of human erythrocyte band 3 into two-dimensional crystals. (harvard.edu)
This work evaluates the anionic influx across band 3 protein in normal and beta-thalassemic red blood cells (RBCs) and ghosts. (unicatt.it)
These mutations are disease causing as they cause mistargetting of the mutant band 3 proteins so that they are retained within the cell or occasionally addressed to the wrong (ie apical) surface. (bionity.com)
The alkalinization of cells in LIS media was ascribed to a band 3 mediated effect since a rapid loss of approximately 80% of intracellular Cl(-) content was observed, which was sensitive to known anion transport inhibitors. (ox.ac.uk)
Band 3 is the major integral glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane. (bioparadigms.org)
The recent findings of an abnormally faster oxalate self-exchange and higher phosphorylation of band 3 in erythrocytes of idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers suggest the hypothesis that nephrolithiasis may be a cellular disease, characterized by a defect in the function of the anion-exchange. (usu.edu)
Identification of contact sites between ankyrin and Band 3 in the human erythrocyte membrane. (vobemamatil.gq)
Biochemistry 51, - Grinstein, S. Anion transport in relation to proteolytic dissection of Band 3 protein. (vobemamatil.gq)
Hereditary spherocytosis associated with a variant of band 3 protein in the erythrocyte membrane. (vobemamatil.gq)
Jarolim, P. Deletion in erythrocyte Band 3 gene in malaria-resistant Southeast Asian ovalocytosis. (vobemamatil.gq)
Chemical modification and labeling of glutamate residues at the stilbenedisulfonate site of human red blood cell Band 3 protein. (vobemamatil.gq)
Anion-proton cotransport through the human red blood cell Band 3 protein. (vobemamatil.gq)
Recently the disease has been linked to mutations in the band 3 protein, the anion-exchange protein (AE1). (haematologica.org)
1 , 9 , 10 RBC from such patients generally have a partial band 3 deficiency and carry mutations within a transmembrane segment of band 3, which may cause the defect. (haematologica.org)
1 Mutated forms of band 3 have been found to be less efficient in transporting anions and have a decreased affinity to stilbene disulfonic acid derivatives. (haematologica.org)

Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC4A2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Bjerrum PJ, Wieth JO, Minakami S (1983) Selective phenyllyoxalation of functionally essential arginyl residues in the erythrocyte anion transport protein. (springer.com)
Anion transport in red blood cells: 1. (springer.com)
The anion transport system of the red blood cell. (springer.com)
In healthy erythrocytes, cell volume is regulated by the transport of cations (Na + and K + ), which are pumped across the plasma membrane to maintain the osmotic potential and keep the cell correctly hydrated. (haematologica.org)
Monoclonal antibodies to the membrane domain of the human erythrocyte anion transport protein. (biochemj.org)
Enolase activates homotypic vacuole fusion and protein transport to the vacuole in yeast. (nih.gov)
One of the modes of action of the red blood cell anion transport protein is the electrically silent net exchange of 1 Cl- for 1 SO4= and 1 H+. (rupress.org)
N-glycosylation and topology of the human SLC26 family of anion transport membrane proteins. (semanticscholar.org)
Since redox-mediated injury is an important pathway in the destruction of beta-thalassemic RBCs, we studied the anion transport and the activity of caspase 3 in the absence and presence of t-butylhydroperoxide in order to evaluate the effect of an increase of cellular oxidative stress. (unicatt.it)
Although mammalian SLC4/AE polypeptides mediate only electroneutral Cl - -anion exchange, trout erythroid AE1 also promotes osmolyte transport and increased anion conductance. (tcdb.org)
AE1 in human red blood cells has been shown to transport a variety of inorganic and organic anions. (tcdb.org)
These data suggest the existence of a link between the erythrocyte abnormality and oxalate transport by the kidney and gut. (usu.edu)
The glycosylated C-terminal membrane-associated domain contains 12-14 membrane spanning segments and carries out the stilbene disulphonate-sensitive exchange transport of anions. (creative-biolabs.com)
Erythrocyte Anion Transport: The Kinetics of a Single-site Obligatory Exchange System, Biochim. (bio-cat.ru)

Null mutations in rsfA have different effects on the expression of sigma(F)-dependent genes, suggesting that the RsfA protein is a regulator of transcription that fine-tunes gene expression in the prespore. (labome.org)

It is the major integral transmembrane protein of the erythrocyte plasma membrane, comprising 25% of the total membrane protein. (umassmed.edu)
Plasma membrane anion exchange protein of wide distribution. (abcam.com)
Physical linkage of the plasma membrane to the underlying membrane skeleton (via binding with ankyrin and protein 4.2). (bionity.com)
Protein as the Protein Linking Membrane Skeleton to Glycoproteins on Platelet Plasma Membrane, J. Biol. (bio-cat.ru)

abstract = "1. (uthscsa.edu)

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
For other protein-related codes, see List of MeSH codes (D12.776). (wikipedia.org)

Deutscher, J. How phosphotransferase system-related protein phosphorylation regulates carbohydrate metabolism in bacteria. (vobemamatil.gq)

Bennett V (1979) Immunoreactive forms of human erythrocyte ankyrin areresent in diverse cells. (springer.com)
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Enhances Ovalbumin-Induced Acute Allergic Inflammation in Murine Models. (bioportfolio.com)
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is an ion channel known to mediate nociception and neurogenic inflammation, and to be activated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced at the sites of inflammation. (bioportfolio.com)
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) Channel Contributes to Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. (bioportfolio.com)
Ionic channels such as the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) are essential for the detection and transmission of painful stimuli. (bioportfolio.com)
Ankyrin exposure induced by activated protein kinase C plays a potential role in erythrophagocytosis. (semanticscholar.org)
Ankyrin repeats cooperatively fold into domains that mediate molecular recognition via protein-protein interactions. (online-medical-dictionary.org)
This protein is predominantly dimeric but forms tetramers in the presence of ankyrin. (creative-biolabs.com)

With a diameter of only 0.5 to 1 μm in mice and 2 to 5 μm in humans, platelets are the smallest blood cell type and have a very short life span of 3 to 4 days (7 to 10 days in humans). (mcponline.org)
In humans, the AE family is composed of 10 paralogous members, among which are the proteins that perform Na + -independent Cl-HCO 3 - exchange (e.g. (tcdb.org)

Molecular physiology and genetics of Na+-independent SLC4 anion exchangers. (semanticscholar.org)
A comparable volume-pH(i) link may also be important in other cell types expressing anion exchangers. (ox.ac.uk)

The internal framework of a eukaryotic cell, composed of protein filaments that provide structural support and drive the movement of the cell and its internal components, typically divided into three categories (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) based on the diameter and composition of the filaments. (thefreedictionary.com)
EC 3.4.22.17) is believed to regulate the function of membrane enzymes and modify the behavior of membrane structural proteins. (semanticscholar.org)
One approach for obtaining high-resolution structural and functional information for biomembranes and their proteins is by static solid-state NMR of oriented systems. (ox.ac.uk)
Structural analysis of the purified PIA revealed a linear polysaccharide composed of β-1,6-linked 2-deoxy-2-amino- d -glucopyranosyl residues ( 16 ). (asm.org)

Bennett GD, Kay MMB (1981) Homeostatic removal of senescent murine erythrocytes by splenic macrophages. (springer.com)

Variations of intracellular pH in human erythrocytes via K(+)(Na(+))/H(+) exchange under low ionic strength conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
The change of intracellular pH of erythrocytes under different experimental conditions was investigated using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF and correlated with (ouabain + bumetanide + EGTA)-insensitive K(+) efflux and Cl(-) loss. (ox.ac.uk)
2007). These proteins are important for the regulation of intracellular pH (pH i ) and play crucial roles in the epithelial absorption of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the renal proximal tubule) and secretion of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the pancreatic duct). (tcdb.org)

Immunodetection and localization of protein(s) related to retinal S-antigen (arrestin) in kidney. (biomedsearch.com)
Isoform 2 is expressed in kidney (at protein level) (PubMed:7506871). (abcam.com)
It is a member of the MRP subfamily that is expressed in various organs including liver, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, kidney, and adrenal gland (1-3). (cellsignal.com)
The purified Atroporin and Kaotree showed killing effects on various types of human (breast, colon, liver, ovary, etc.) and animal cancer cells in concentrations as low as 0.5µg/ml, and having no effect on normal mouse kidney, liver, spleen, and erythrocytes up to 5.0µg/ml. (scielo.br)
The erythrocyte and kidney forms are different isoforms of the same protein . (bionity.com)

Knowledge of the identity and quantity of expressed proteins of a cell type is a prerequisite for a complete understanding of its molecular functions. (mcponline.org)
It is therefore important to understand the molecular processes that control platelet activation and aggregation and to develop new therapeutic strategies to block critical platelet proteins involved in these processes ( 1 ). (mcponline.org)

The animal AE proteins consist of homodimeric complexes of integral membrane proteins that vary in size from about 900 amino acyl residues to about 1250 residues. (tcdb.org)
In the Xenopus oocyte, the AE1 C-terminal cytoplasmic tail residues bind carbonic anhydrase II and are dispensable for Cl - -Cl - exchange, but are required for Cl - -HCO 3 - exchange. (tcdb.org)

Structure of the lac Carrier Protein of Escherichia coli, J. Biol. (bio-cat.ru)
Structures of Novel Sialylated O-Linked Oligosaccharides Isolated from Human Erythrocyte Glycophorins, J. Biol. (bio-cat.ru)

J Gen Physiol (1995) 105 (1): 21-47. (rupress.org)

Bosman GJCGM, Kay MMB (1988) Erythrocyte aging: A comparison of model systems for simulating cellular aging in vitro. (springer.com)
In contrast to transcriptomics, proteomics approaches are intrinsically better suited for studying the cellular functions of platelets, because proteins are the biochemical functional units. (mcponline.org)
In the case of cellular acidification, a comparison of the calculated H(+) influx with the measured unidirectional K(+) efflux at different extracellular ionic strengths showed a correlation with a nearly 1:1 stoichiometry. (ox.ac.uk)
The right to exit extraperitoneally by inflating a balloon catheter because of the patient in some cases of soft-tissue sarcoma and rhabdoid tumours only to include dietary supplements,vitamins,hormones,antihormones, etc.,aswellasrealdrugssuchasaspirin,oltipraz, and other cellular proteins yb-1 and pura with the left lateral rectus muscle. (hemsleyandhemsley.com)

The main causes of NC in pediatric patients are long-term furosemide treatment in neonates 1 , 2 and renal tubular acidosis during childhood. (aappublications.org)

2019 , 1 , M1041. (ui.ac.id)
2019 May 23;14(1):114. (cdc.gov)

This deletion resulted in 1 mutation in codon 888 (Ala-888→Leu) followed by a premature termination codon at position 889, truncating the protein by 23 amino acids. (aappublications.org)
3) One of the antibodies reacts with an epitope present on a cytoplasmic loop of the protein located between the C-terminus and a point 168 amino acids from the C-terminus. (biochemj.org)

Genetic mutations that result in a loss of the protein function have been associated with type 4 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS. (childrensmercy.org)
The mutations involved in hereditary spherocytosis lead to a reduction of AE1 protein, which results in abnormal red blood cells that are round and spherical rather than a flattened disk shape and are more fragile than usual. (medlineplus.gov)
Homozygotes for null mutations exhibit retarded growth, severe spherocytosis, hemolytic anemia, lack of erythrocyte glycophorin A, mitotic defects, and high postnatal mortality. (jax.org)

Faham, S. Fairbanks, G. Electrophoretic analysis of the major polypeptides of the human erythrocyte membrane. (vobemamatil.gq)

This asymmetry causes the putative substrate-binding site to be exposed only to the extracellular space, consistent with the expectation that anion exchange occurs via an alternating-access mechanism. (nih.gov)
The substrate anion selectivity filter may be in the V849 to L863 region of the protein ( Zhu and Casey 2004 ). (tcdb.org)

p>When browsing through different UniProt proteins, you can use the 'basket' to save them, so that you can back to find or analyse them later. (uniprot.org)

Anatomy6

Organisms4

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs68

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes36

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Topology of the membrane domain of human erythrocyte anion exchange protein, AE1. (1/661)

Structural and functional consequences of antigenic modulation of red blood cells with methoxypoly(ethylene glycol). (2/661)

Volume expansion stimulates p72(syk) and p56(lyn) in skate erythrocytes. (3/661)

Hydrodynamic properties of human erythrocyte band 3 solubilized in reduced Triton X-100. (4/661)

Decreased plasma membrane thiol concentration is associated with increased osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in zinc-deficient rats. (5/661)

Splenic but not thymic autoreactive T cells from New Zealand Black mice respond to a dominant erythrocyte Band 3 peptide. (6/661)

Mapping of a palmitoylatable band 3-binding domain of human erythrocyte membrane protein 4.2. (7/661)

Mild spherocytosis and altered red cell ion transport in protein 4. 2-null mice. (8/661)

Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte

SLC4A Proteins

Anion Transport Proteins

4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid

Erythrocytes

Antiporters

Erythrocyte Membrane

Anions

Anion Exchange Resins

Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Cyclic AMP

rab3 GTP-Binding Proteins

rap GTP-Binding Proteins

Erythrocyte Aging

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid

Kinetics

Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters

Chlorides

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors

Ion Exchange

Molecular Sequence Data

Carrier Proteins

Bicarbonates

Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors

Amino Acid Sequence

Guanosine Diphosphate

ras Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors

Molecular Weight

Biological Transport

Erythrocyte Deformability

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Sulfates

Ion Exchange Resins

Phosphatidylcholines

Exoribonucleases

Membrane Proteins

GTP-Binding Proteins

Son of Sevenless Proteins

Cell Membrane

Cattle

Hemolysis

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Phospholipid Transfer Proteins

Cell Line

Protein Binding

Bromides

Chromatography, Gel

Oxalates

Signal Transduction

Erythrocyte Count

Erythrocyte Aggregation

Proteins

Sodium-Calcium Exchanger

Cells, Cultured

Recombinant Proteins

Enzyme Activation

Substrate Specificity

Isoelectric Point

Epichlorohydrin

Colforsin

Sodium

Liposomes

Calcium

Base Sequence

Phospholipids

Binding Sites

Biological Transport, Active

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

Time Factors

Deuterium Exchange Measurement

Erythrocyte Volume

Organic Anion Transporters

Models, Biological

Benzylammonium Compounds

Glycophorin

Pulmonary Gas Exchange