Animals, Suckling: Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.Lactation: The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.Sucking Behavior: Any suction exerted by the mouth; response of the mammalian infant to draw milk from the breast. Includes sucking on inanimate objects. Not to be used for thumb sucking, which is indexed under fingersucking.Animal Population Groups: Animals grouped according to ecological, morphological or genetic populations.Milk Ejection: Expulsion of milk from the mammary alveolar lumen, which is surrounded by a layer of milk-secreting EPITHELIAL CELLS and a network of myoepithelial cells. Contraction of the myoepithelial cells is regulated by neuroendocrine signals.Weaning: Permanent deprivation of breast milk and commencement of nourishment with other food. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Milk: The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.Animals, Newborn: Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.Colostrum: The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Postpartum Period: In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Intestine, Small: The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.Immunity, Maternally-Acquired: Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.Prolactin: A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.Lactase: An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of LACTOSE to D-GALACTOSE and D-GLUCOSE. Defects in the enzyme cause LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.Intestines: The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.DisaccharidasesEnterotoxins: Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.Ketone Bodies: The metabolic substances ACETONE; 3-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; and acetoacetic acid (ACETOACETATES). They are produced in the liver and kidney during FATTY ACIDS oxidation and used as a source of energy by the heart, muscle and brain.Reoviridae Infections: Infections produced by reoviruses, general or unspecified.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Anovulation: Suspension or cessation of OVULATION in animals or humans with follicle-containing ovaries (OVARIAN FOLLICLE). Depending on the etiology, OVULATION may be induced with appropriate therapy.Ileum: The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.Mammary Glands, Animal: MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.Litter Size: The number of offspring produced at one birth by a viviparous animal.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Estrus: The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.Diarrhea: An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.Luteinizing Hormone: A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.Trichinella: A genus of parasitic nematodes that causes TRICHINELLOSIS in man and other animal.Jejunum: The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.Maternal Behavior: The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a mother.Animal Husbandry: The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Rotavirus: A genus of REOVIRIDAE, causing acute gastroenteritis in BIRDS and MAMMALS, including humans. Transmission is horizontal and by environmental contamination. Seven species (Rotaviruses A thru G) are recognized.Swine Diseases: Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.Anestrus: A state of sexual inactivity in female animals exhibiting no ESTROUS CYCLE. Causes of anestrus include pregnancy, presence of offspring, season, stress, and pathology.Organ Size: The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.Weight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutritional physiology of animals.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Intestinal Mucosa: Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.SucraseParturition: The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.Rotavirus Infections: Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.Breast Feeding: The nursing of an infant at the breast.Maternal-Fetal Exchange: Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: A species of gram-negative bacteria that causes MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIA OF SWINE. The organism damages the CILIA in the airways of the pig, and thus compromises one of the most effective mechanical barriers against invading pathogens. The resulting weakening of the IMMUNE SYSTEM can encourage secondary infections, leading to porcine respiratory disease complex.DairyingBiological Assay: A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.Relaxin: A water-soluble polypeptide (molecular weight approximately 8,000) extractable from the corpus luteum of pregnancy. It produces relaxation of the pubic symphysis and dilation of the uterine cervix in certain animal species. Its role in the human pregnant female is uncertain. (Dorland, 28th ed)Ovulation: The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Nutrition Disorders: Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase: a control enzyme in ketogenesis. (1/1173)
Cytosolic and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthases were first recognized as different chemical entities in 1975, when they were purified and characterized by Lane's group. Since then, the two enzymes have been studied extensively, one as a control site of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and the other as an important control site of ketogenesis. This review describes some key developments over the last 25 years that have led to our current understanding of the physiology of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase in the HMG-CoA pathway and in ketogenesis in the liver and small intestine of suckling animals. The enzyme is regulated by two systems: succinylation and desuccinylation in the short term, and transcriptional regulation in the long term. Both control mechanisms are influenced by nutritional and hormonal factors, which explains the incidence of ketogenesis in diabetes and starvation, during intense lipolysis, and in the foetal-neonatal and suckling-weaning transitions. The DNA-binding properties of the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor and other transcription factors on the nuclear-receptor-responsive element of the mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase promoter have revealed how ketogenesis can be regulated by fatty acids. Finally, the expression of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase in the gonads and the correction of auxotrophy for mevalonate in cells deficient in cytosolic HMG-CoA synthase suggest that the mitochondrial enzyme may play a role in cholesterogenesis in gonadal and other tissues. (+info)Ontogeny of intestinal safety factors: lactase capacities and lactose loads. (2/1173)
We measured intestinal safety factors (ratio of a physiological capacity to the load on it) for lactose digestion in developing rat pups. Specifically, we assessed the quantitative relationships between lactose load and the series capacities of lactase and the Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT-1). Both capacities increased significantly with age in suckling pups as a result of increasing intestinal mass and maintenance of mass-specific activities. The youngest pups examined (5 days) had surprisingly high safety factors of 8-13 for both lactase and SGLT-1, possibly because milk contains lactase substrates other than lactose; it also, however, suggests that their intestinal capacities were being prepared to meet future demands rather than just current ones. By day 10 (and also at day 15), increased lactose loads resulted in lower safety factors of 4-6, values more typical of adult intestines. The safety factor of SGLT-1 in day 30 (weanling) and day 100 (adult) rats was only approximately 1.0. This was initially unexpected, because most adult intestines maintain a modest reserve capacity beyond nutrient load values, but postweaning rats appear to use hindgut fermentation, assessed by gut morphology and hydrogen production assays, as a built-in reserve capacity. The series capacities of lactase and SGLT-1 varied in concert with each other over ontogeny and as lactose load was manipulated by experimental variation in litter size. (+info)Effect of reducing the phytate content and of partially hydrolyzing the protein in soy formula on zinc and copper absorption and status in infant rhesus monkeys and rat pups. (3/1173)
BACKGROUND: Although soy formulas have been designed to meet the nutrient requirements of human infants, they also contain phytate, which may negatively affect trace element absorption. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the effect of removing phytate on zinc and copper absorption and status in infant rhesus monkeys and suckling rat pups and evaluated differences between intact and partially hydrolyzed soy protein. DESIGN: In monkeys, regular and low-phytate soy formulas were fed exclusively for 4 mo and whole-body absorption and retention of 65Zn, 67Cu, 59Fe, 54Mn, and 47Ca were determined at different time points with a whole-body counter. Subsequently, zinc and copper absorption from several human infant formulas and the effect of phytate concentration were evaluated in suckling rat pups by using 65Zn and 64Cu. Finally, infant rhesus monkeys were fed low-phytate formulas with intact or hydrolyzed soy protein for 4 mo and plasma zinc and copper were measured monthly. RESULTS: In the first monkey study, zinc absorption at 1 mo was higher from low-phytate soy formula (36%) than from regular soy formula (22%), whereas there was no significant difference between groups in the absorption of other minerals. Plasma copper was significantly lower in monkeys fed low-phytate soy formula from 2 to 4 mo. In rat pups, zinc absorption was significantly higher from low-phytate soy formula (78%) than from regular soy formula (51%) and hydrolysis of the protein had no significant effect. Phytate content or protein hydrolysis did not significantly affect copper absorption. In the second monkey study, plasma copper concentrations were highest in monkeys fed the low-phytate, hydrolyzed-protein soy formula. CONCLUSION: Reducing the phytate content and partially hydrolyzing the protein in soy formula had a beneficial effect on zinc and copper absorption and status in infant rhesus monkeys. (+info)Comparisons of flux control exerted by mitochondrial outer-membrane carnitine palmitoyltransferase over ketogenesis in hepatocytes and mitochondria isolated from suckling or adult rats. (4/1173)
The primary aim of this paper was to calculate and report flux control coefficients for mitochondrial outer-membrane carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT I) over hepatic ketogenesis because its role in controlling this pathway during the neonatal period is of academic importance and immediate clinical relevance. Using hepatocytes isolated from suckling rats as our model system, we measured CPT I activity and carbon flux from palmitate to ketone bodies and to CO2 in the absence and presence of a range of concentrations of etomoxir. (This is converted in situ to etomoxir-CoA which is a specific inhibitor of the enzyme.) From these data we calculated the individual flux control coefficients for CPT I over ketogenesis, CO2 production and total carbon flux (0.51 +/- 0.03; -1.30 +/- 0.26; 0.55 +/- 0.07, respectively) and compared them with equivalent coefficients calculated by similar analyses [Drynan, L., Quant, P.A. & Zammit, V.A. (1996) Biochem. J. 317, 791-795] in hepatocytes isolated from adult rats (0.85 +/- 0.20; 0.23 +/- 0.06; 1.06 +/- 0.29). CPT I exerts significantly less control over ketogenesis in hepatocytes isolated from suckling rats than those from adult rats. In the suckling systems the flux control coefficients for CPT I over ketogenesis specifically and over total carbon flux (< 0.6) are not consistent with the enzyme being rate-limiting. Broadly similar results were obtained and conclusions drawn by reanalysis of previous data {from experiments in mitochondria isolated from suckling or adult rats [Krauss, S., Lascelles, C.V., Zammit, V.A. & Quant, P.A. (1996) Biochem. J. 319, 427-433]} using a different approach of control analysis, although it is not strictly valid to compare flux control coefficients from different systems. Our overall conclusion is that flux control coefficients for CPT I over oxidative fluxes from palmitate (or palmitoyl-CoA) differ markedly according to (a) the metabolic state, (b) the stage of development, (c) the specific pathway studied and (d) the model system. (+info)Interferon-gamma plays a role in pancreatic islet-cell destruction of reovirus type 2-induced diabetes-like syndrome in DBA/1 suckling mice. (5/1173)
Reovirus type 2 (Reo-2) infection in DBA/1 suckling mice causes insulitis, which leads to pancreatic islet-cell destruction, resulting in a diabetes-like syndrome. T-helper (Th) 1 cytokines are thought to play a key role in islet inflammation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We examined this hypothesis in the Reo-2-induced diabetes-like syndrome. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR techniques to examine mRNA expression of interferon (IFN)-gamma (Th1 type cytokine), and interleukin (IL)-4 (Th2 type cytokine) in splenic cells. We observed that in Reo-2 infected mice the level of IFN-gamma expression increases with the development of insulitis, whereas expression of message for IL-4 is minimal to detectable with the immuno-inflammatory process 10 days after infection. The treatment of monoclonal antibody (mAb) against mouse IFN-gamma during the expansion phase of insulitis (5-9 days after infection) inhibited the development of insulitis and the elevation of blood glucose concentrations in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore altered CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio compared with uninfected mice in the splenic cells by the infection was recovered to the ratio of uninfected mice by the treatment of mAb against mouse IFN-gamma, suggesting normalization of T cell balance in immune system. These results suggest that Reo-2-triggered autoimmune insulitis may be mediated by Th1 lymphocytes and IFN-gamma may play a role in islet inflammation leading to islet cell destruction. (+info)Glucocorticoids mediate the enhanced expression of intestinal type II arginase and argininosuccinate lyase in postweaning pigs. (6/1173)
Arginine metabolism is enhanced in the small intestine of weanling pigs, but the molecular mechanism(s) involved is not known. The objectives of this study were to determine the following: 1) whether glucocorticoids play a role in induction of intestinal arginine metabolic enzymes during weaning; 2) whether the induction of enzyme activities was due to increases in corresponding mRNA levels; and 3) the identity of the arginase isoform(s) expressed in the small intestine. Jejunum was obtained from 29-d-old weaned pigs that were or were not treated with 17-beta-hydroxy-11beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)17alpha-(prop- 1-ynyl)es tra-4,9-dien-3-one (RU486, an antagonist of glucocorticoid receptors), or from age-matched suckling pigs. Activities and mRNA levels for type I and type II arginases, argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) were determined. Activities of arginase, ASL and ASS increased by 635, 56 and 106%, respectively, in weanling pigs, compared with suckling pigs. RU486 treatment attenuated the increase in arginase activity by 74% and completely prevented the ASL induction in weanling pigs, but had no effect on ASS activity. Pig intestine expresses both type I and type II arginases. On the basis of immunoblot analyses, there was no significant difference in levels of intestinal type I arginase among these three groups of pigs, indicating that changes in arginase activity were due only to type II arginase. The mRNA levels for type II arginase and ASL increased by 135 and 198%, respectively, in weanling pigs compared with suckling pigs, and this induction was completely prevented by RU486. In contrast, ASS mRNA levels did not differ between suckling and weanling pigs. These results suggest that intestinal type II arginase, ASS and ASL are regulated differentially at transcriptional and post-translational levels and that glucocorticoids play a major role in the induction of type II arginase and ASL mRNAs in the small intestine of weanling pigs. (+info)Recovery of 15N-lactoferrin is higher than that of 15N-casein in the small intestine of suckling, but not adult miniature pigs. (7/1173)
Performance of biological functions of lactoferrin in the small intestine requires at least some resistance to degradation. Therefore, we studied prececal digestibility of lactoferrin in comparison to casein both in suckling and adult miniature pigs, applying 15N-labeled proteins. In study 1, 43 piglets (10-d-old), deprived of food for 12 h received 10 mL of sow's milk supplemented with 120 mg of 15N-labeled protein (porcine or bovine lactoferrin or bovine casein). Piglets were anesthetized 150 min later, after which the small intestine was excised, cut into three sections, and chyme was collected. In study 2, nine food-deprived boars fitted with T-canulae at the terminal ileum were given two semisynthetic experimental meals (204 g) in a cross-over design, 2 wk apart. One contained 7.5% (g/100 g) 15N-labeled bovine casein, the other 1.25% 15N-labeled bovine lactoferrin. Both were adjusted to 15% total protein with nonlabeled casein. Ileal chyme was collected from the canula over 33 h postprandially. All diets contained the indigestible marker chromic oxide. 15N-digestibility of lactoferrin, both porcine (84.4 +/- 3.2%) and bovine (82.3 +/- 4.8%), was significantly lower than casein digestibility (97.6 +/- 0.5%) in the distal small intestine of suckling piglets (P < 0.05). Based on immunoblotting after acrylamide electrophoresis, 4.5% of non- and partially digested lactoferrin was found in the last third of the small intestine of piglets. In adult miniature pigs there was no difference in 15N-digestibility of bovine lactoferrin compared to bovine casein (90.7 +/- 1.9% vs. 93.9 +/- 1.0%, P > 0.05). In suckling miniature pigs, the reduced digestibility of lactoferrin may provide the prerequisite for biological actions along the whole intestinal tract. The source of lactoferrin, porcine or bovine, made no difference in this respect. (+info)Ultrasonic vocalizations elicit orienting and associative reactions in preweanling mice. (8/1173)
On postnatal days (PND) 12 and 13, 90 male Swiss CD-1 mice were tested for orientation to 3 intensities of recorded ultrasounds while climbing an inclined wire grid surface. Motor responses and vocalization to replayed ultrasounds (55-75 kHz) of 20-, 40-, and 60-dB SPL indicated an intensity dependence. In Experiment 2, 138 pups were exposed to either contingent or noncontingent pairings of recorded ultrasounds of 55-75 kHz, averaging 40 dB, and mild inescapable footshocks, or taped vocalizations or footshocks only on PND 12, 14, or 16. At PND 18, subjects were tested for passive avoidance following exposure to the taped ultrasounds only upon entry into the dark side of a black-white compartment. Results suggested only overall, nonspecific effects of pretreatment to elicit responses antagonistic to motor activity. In Experiment 3, 36 pups at PND 15 were tested for passive avoidance with the ultrasound recordings of 40- or 80-dB onset upon entry to the dark compartment; a third group had no ultrasound exposure. A significant intensity effect confirmed that the ultrasounds had prepotent properties. (+info)The animal launches itself from a tree, spreading its limbs to expose the gliding membranes. This creates an aerofoil enabling ... Suckling, G.C (1984). "Population ecology of the sugar glider "Petaurus breviceps", in a system of fragmented habitats". ... Unlike animals that move along the ground, the sugar glider and other gliding species produce fewer, but heavier, offspring per ... Entering torpor saves energy for the animal by allowing its body temperature to fall to a minimum of 10.4 °C (50.7 °F) to 19.6 ...
Animal Behaviour. 55: 779-786. doi:10.1006/anbe.1997.0651. Fraser, D., (1973). The nursing and suckling behaviour in pigs. I. ... As part of animal conservation (The Three Rs (animals)), these animals contribute to the reduction methods for animal research ... The domestic pig, both as a live animal and source of post-mortem tissues, is one of the most valuable animal models used in ... doi:10.1016/s0168-1591(98)00100-2. Houpt, K.A., (1998). Domestic Animal Behavior for Veterinarians and Animal Scientists. 3rd ...
Suckling. Acoustic behavior[edit]. Australian fur seals are social animals that use vocalizations in a broad range of contexts ... The brown fur seal's main predator is the great white shark, although they are also preyed upon by various other animals, such ... This species is an inquisitive and friendly animal when in the water, and often accompanies scuba divers. They swim around ...
"Journal Animal Science. 71: 2826-2831.. *^ Castren, H.; Algers, B.; Jensen, P.; Saloniemi, H. (1989). "Suckling behaviour and ... As part of animal conservation (The Three Rs (animals)), live animals, as well as post mortem porcine tissues, contribute to ... Nursing and suckling behaviour[edit]. A sow with suckling piglets. Note the greater use of the anterior teats thus forming the ... The domestic pig, both as a live animal and source of post mortem tissues, is one of the most valuable animal models used in ...
In the summer of 2008, Best Friends Animal Society, an animal welfare organization, gathered 50,000 signatures on a petition ... apparently his attempts to suckle irritated her. The Obamas pledged a donation to the DC Humane Society in a show of support ... Some animal welfare supporters criticized The White House for not adopting a shelter dog. The Humane Society of the United ... Scott, Danny; Miller, William; Griffin, Craig (2001). Small Animal Dermatology. W B Saunders. p. 4. ISBN 0-7216-7618-9. ...
They cannot stand to suckle and must be destroyed. All the affected animals descend from a single individual. The gene involved ... animals show no symptoms, but are likely to be much more widespread in the population than affected animals. Today, the breed ... Animals taken to Scotland in 1817 from the Booth herd were used to produce the Beef Shorthorn breed. In 1822, George Coates ... and completely white animals are not common. However, one type of Shorthorn has been bred to be consistently white - the ...
The animals are docile and calm. The hair is soft and short. The cows have a fairly well-developed udder. The hooves are well- ... The calves suckle their dams before and after milking. Quantity of the dry fodder fed depends mainly on the availability of ... The animals are housed in either separate houses or a part of the owner's residence during the night. No weaning is practiced ... These animals are quite popular in the tracts of former Hyderabad State which is now Telangana and adjoining districts of ...
She-wolves suckled him, and deer brought him fruit. He learned to roar from a tiger, to hunt from an eagle, and to run from an ... Jangar went outside and roared, and all the animals living nearby came to see what the noise was. He befriended them and they ...
This animal is of ginger to red colouration and is thought to have descended from wild boars, via native pig stock of Europe. ... The sows demonstrate good maternal skills, being consistent in suckling all littermates. Litters normally range in size from ... This animal is very efficient at excavation while rooting for food in the forest or pasture. The breed is used in forage-based ... The animal is not only durable and rugged, but also is extremely well-suited for forest grazing, being able to thrive on ...
Like other monk seals, this species had four retractable nipples for suckling their young. Newborn pups were probably about 1 ... When compared to the body, the animal's foreflippers were relatively short with little claws and the hindflippers were slender ... It is believed this animal's average lifespan was approximately twenty years. Caribbean monk seals were found in warm temperate ... Extinction portal Hawaiian monk seal Mediterranean monk seal List of extinct animals Lowry, L. 2015. Neomonachus tropicalis. ...
... and leptin from mother's milk has been found in the blood of suckling infant animals. Leptin along with kisspeptin controls the ... This effect is reversed when the animals are put back on a low-energy diet. This also may have an evolutionary advantage: ... Leptin levels signal when an animal has enough stored energy to spend it in pursuits besides acquiring food. This would mean ... small doses of NPY injected into the brains of experimental animals stimulates feeding, while selective destruction of the NPY ...
He was exposed and suckled by animals, while his mother was executed. After Theseus had killed Cercyon he willingly handed over ...
This can cause additional injuries inside the animal itself, especially in the upper gastrointestinal tract. In suckling white ... In non-domestic animals, cases of red imported fire ants stings in animals such as ferrets, moles squirrels, white-tailed deer ... These large-scale attacks on an animal are caused by chemical signals. As a result, this explains why an animal may suffer from ... The aftermath of the injuries is like those in domestic animals. Red imported fire ants do not intend to kill animals because ...
His personal seal included suckling animals in two registers, allegorically symbolizing his care for his subjects. The ...
List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic ... Sheep are not milked in Iceland today, and instead the lamb is allowed to continue suckling. This is largely due to the ... Solid-patterned animals simply show their base color all over. To be solid, a sheep must inherit the solid pattern from both ... of Animal Science. Retrieved 2009-04-17. Tyne, Tim (2009). The sheep book for smallholders. Preston [England]: Good Life Press ...
A chivito has already begun to eat solid foods, whereas the cabrito is still a suckling. The chivito is less gamey and has a ... Chivito differs from cabrito in that chivito is a slightly older animal with whose meat is less tender. ...
The chivito has already begun to eat solid foods, whereas the cabrito is still a suckling. It is a regional specialty of the ... Cabrito en salsa (cabrito in sauce) - The animal is cut into portions, browned in oil and braised in a tomato-based sauce with ... "Chivito" differs from "cabrito" in that chivito is a slightly older animal with less tender meat. ... along with the animal's liver, kidneys, and heart, and other seasonings. The end product is tender cabrito in a rich, very dark ...
King, S.A. (2007). Animal Dreaming: The Spiritual and Symbolic Language of the Australasian Animals (Revised and expanded ed ... They appear to remember their homes; females in particular remember the places they first gave birth or suckled their offspring ... Rosati, A.; Tewolde, A.; Mosconi, C. (2007). Animal Production and Animal Science Worldwide. Wageningen (The Netherlands): ... "Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 56: 870-2.. *^ Hifny, A.K.; Mansour, A.A.; Moneim, M.E.A. (1985). "Some anatomical studies ...
Cakes of bread were sacrificed along with the three animals. At the moment the sacrifices were made, the landowner was to say: ... "Father Mars, if aught hath not pleased thee in the offering of those sucklings, I make atonement with these victims." If only ... of sacrificed animals for divinatory signs. Both public and private suovetaurilias were performed in the Roman religion. Cato ... The first step was to lead the three animals around the boundaries of the land to be blessed, pronouncing the following words: ...
One very unusual specialty is lion meat, from animals raised for those purpose in Zumpango and sells for about 850 pesos per ... These meats include those from iguanas, skunks, deer, rabbit, suckling pigs, goat, wild boar and lowland paca. ... Fresh meat from many different animals, both from Mexico and abroad can be found. ...
Qureshi, M. Subhan (2010). "Pregnancy depresses milk yield in Dairy Buffaloes" (PDF). Italian Journal of Animal Science. Animal ... Qureshi, M. Subhan (2008). "Interaction of calf suckling, use of oxytocin and milk yield with reproductive performance of dairy ... Dean Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Subhan Qureshi. University of Agriculture, Peshawar ... Meanwhile, he joined the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and completed his MSc and PhD degrees in animal reproduction. In ...
See "Other animals" below. "Calf" is the term used from birth to weaning, when it becomes known as a weaner or weaner calf, ... They usually stand within a few minutes of calving, and suckle within an hour. However, for the first few days they are not ... See "Other animals" below. Calves may be produced by natural means, or by artificial breeding using artificial insemination or ... The single suckler system of rearing calves is similar to that occurring naturally in wild cattle, where each calf is suckled ...
The fresh meat tastes strong and juicy; the suckling pigs are much preferred for their good fresh meat qualities. In Hungary, ... In 1991 there were less than 200 animals in Hungary. Monte Nevado, a Spanish company began the breeding and recovery of ... Meat from Mangalica can be easily found in Hungary, as Hungarian farmers produce about 60,000 animals each year. The three ...
It is transmitted mainly by ingestion of infected tissues or fluids, semen during breeding, and suckling infected animals. ... The Brucella abortus (rough LPS Brucella) vaccine, developed for bovine brucellosis and licensed by the USDA Animal Plant ... The disease typically causes chronic inflammatory lesions in the reproductive organs of susceptible animals or orchitis, and ... 2003). "Brucellosis". Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals. Volume 1 (PDF) (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: ...
Cows average 2270 kilograms of milk while suckling a calf and much higher milk yields have been recorded. Due to their heat ... Sahiwal breeds are now used in Australia for beef production, as crossing high-grade Sahiwal sires with Bos taurus animals ... and farmers used them as draft and dairy animals. The Division Sahiwal has one of the best dairy breeds in India and Pakistan. ...
International Fund for Animal Welfare. Retrieved 29 August 2015.. *. Viegas, Jennifer (23 February 2010). "Thousands Mourn Dead ... Whales are creatures of the open ocean; they feed, mate, give birth, suckle and raise their young at sea. So extreme is their ... These animals have very large heads, which can make up as much as 40% of their body mass, and much of the head is the mouth. ... "International Fund for Animal Welfare. Retrieved 29 August 2015.. *. "Aboriginal Subsistence whaling". IWC. Retrieved 29 August ...
Data are expressed as the percentage reduction in villus height of indomethacin treated animals compared with animals given the ... and growth factors for the suckling neonate. Some studies suggest it may be of value in eliminating infection and stimulating ... Similar changes were seen in animals which had received the 5% or 10% milk or the 5% colostrum solution. Animals receiving 10% ... Animals were killed 24 hours after indomethacin as we have previously shown that this is the time of maximal damage.9 In order ...
... mostly due to the delay in suckling. Recent studies have found 46%-61% of calves fail to suckle in the first 6 hours after ... Calves should not be left on the cow to nurse as these animals experience an exceptionally high rate of failure of passive ... Additionally, cows with a dry period of less than 45 days often have poor-quality colostrum as well as those animals that ... According to the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System survey, approximately 19% of dairy heifer calves in the US had ...
Indeed, recent studies carried out in our group in suckling animals have shown that the immune function is enhanced after ... The expression profile of mesenteric lymph nodes from animals supplemented with CLA during gestation and suckling through dams ... milk (Group A) or by oral gavage (Group B), supplemented just during suckling (Group C) and control animals (Group D) was ... The 1% CLA diet in suckling animals corresponded to a daily administration of 1.5 mg CLA oil provided/g rat from day 1 to 21. ...
Some nutritional interventions mainly focused on suckling animals can also induce some effects on dams. This kind of protocol ... Animal identification by labeling the animals with a tag or just with a permanent marker pen on the skin can facilitate the ... b) Animal identification by labeling the animals with a marker pen on the skin. (c) Oral gavaging in newborns younger than 5 ... Some experimental studies in different animal models, including the suckling rat model, have been performed in this regard. ...
... human females sometimes breastfeed young animals, and animals are used to suckle babies and children. Animals were used as ... Suckling of animals by humans[edit]. Terracotta feeding bottles surviving from the third millennium BC in Sumeria indicate that ... The suckling of animals by infants was a repeated theme in classical mythology. Most famously, twin brothers Romulus and Remus ... Suckling directly was preferable to milking an animal and giving the milk, as contamination by microbes during the milking ...
The effect of delayed suckling on colostrum and milk whey proteins - Volume 11 Issue 3 - F. J. Bourne ... Suckling and teat disputes by neonatal piglets. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Vol. 22, p. 23. ... Department of Animal Husbandry. , University of Bristol School of Veterinary Science. , Langford House. , Langford. , Bristol. ... Studies on colostral and milk whey proteins in the sow 2. The effect of delayed suckling on colostrum and milk whey proteins. * ...
Animals. Animals, Newborn / growth & development*, metabolism*. Animals, Suckling / metabolism*. Bone and Bones / metabolism*. ... Title: Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition Volume: 92 ISSN: 1439-0396 ISO Abbreviation: J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr ... For this purpose, 12 pregnant Wistar rats were divided into two groups of six animals each: a control group with free access to ... 11760154 - Exposure to flaxseed or its purified lignan during suckling only or continuously does n.... 3602124 - Effects of pre ...
Loading and Unloading Animals Properly. *. Gut Check: Why the Microbiome MattersBy Geoff Geddes, for Swine Innovation Porc. ... Samples can be collected from suckling piglets that are near weaning age but getting suckling pigs to consistently chew on the ... Paisley Canning from South West Ontario Veterinary Services, Oral Fluids For Monitoring In Suckling Pigs. March 30, 2020. 256 ...
Suckle To feed (a baby or young animal) from the breast or teat. ...
Any animal orifice that spits out coins is alright in my book. ... Doggie Mommy Suckles HIS Young. Might wanna fix that John.... ... Augie Doggie was a cute name when he was suckling but as he matured he had to change his name to August Dog so he wouldnt get ... Ive been told I tried to suckle it when I was a youngun. ...
Animal Nutrition. WIAS. Publication type. Refereed Article in a scientific journal. Publication year. 2007. ... Changes in the fermentation end-product profile in the GIT of piglets during post-colostrum suckling period. ... to evaluate the effect of age on fermentation end-product profiles during the post-colostrum suckling period, as the variation ... fermentation end-product profile skewed from lactic acid to acetic acid as a major product during the post-colostrum suckling ...
Suckling. Acoustic behavior[edit]. Australian fur seals are social animals that use vocalizations in a broad range of contexts ... The brown fur seals main predator is the great white shark, although they are also preyed upon by various other animals, such ... This species is an inquisitive and friendly animal when in the water, and often accompanies scuba divers. They swim around ...
Suckling, K.F. 2000. A House on Fire: Connecting the Biological and Linguistic Diversity Crises. Animal Law 6:193-202. Suckling ... and says of Suckling: "Rimbaud reinvented poetry. Kierán Suckling would do the same with environmentalism." The Center, which ... Suckling, K.F. and W. Hodges. 2007. Status of the bald eagle in the Lower 48 states and the District of Columbia. Center for ... Sucklings parents and siblings immigrated to the United States from Ireland and England in the 1960s. He is the only member of ...
ANIMAL CONTROLLING OR HANDLING (E.G., RESTRAINING, BREAKING, TRAINING, SORTING, CONVEYING, ETC.). ... Animal-carried hook or extension for engaging and preventing breaching or lifting of fence or barrier (e.g., poke, drag hook, ... Inhibiting use or movement of specific body part other than tail by re- straint carried solely by animal (e.g., for ear, head, ... Device simulates animal (e.g., steer, calf, etc.) for training a pursuing or regulating horse ...
animal model. Introduction. The role of dopamine (DA) in schizophrenia is well established based on the ability of DA agonists ... In control animals (n = 5 rats, 62 neurons), the simultaneous NMDA-induced activation of the vHipp and PPTg resulted in a ... Animals.. MAM treatments were performed as described previously (Moore et al., 2006). In brief, timed pregnant female Sprague ... 3B,C). It should be noted that no significant change in cells/track within animals across time was observed, suggesting that ...
Suckling,Infant,Triggers,Trust,Hormone,in,Moms,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current ... Recent research has found oxytocin to be involved in trust and love in both humans and animals. It is also causes the release ... Suckling Infant Triggers Trust Hormone in Moms. ...Breast-feeding releases oxytocin involved in bonding release of milk... ... "We knew that these pulses arise because, during suckling, oxytocin neurons fire together in dramatic synchronized bursts. But ...
D Antitoxin for animal usage including: active ingredients, directions for use, precautions, and storage information. ... Prophlactic) Using aseptic technique, inject subcutaneously or intravenously: Calves - 10 mL; Cattle - 30 mL; Suckling lambs - ...
... piglet growth performance in addition to decreasing the crypt depth and enhancing functional development in jejunum of suckling ... All animal care and procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Nanjing Agricultural University in ... c) The blots of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and β-actin of the jejunum mucosa in suckling piglets. (d-e) The relative ... a-c) The brush border enzyme activity of the jejuna in suckling piglets. (d-e) The relative mRNA expression of jejunal nutrient ...
Animals, Suckling * Antiviral Agents / metabolism* * Diarrhea / physiopathology* * Interferon Type I / physiology* * Interferon ... In other experiments, type I IFN receptor -/- suckling mice and IFN-gamma-/- suckling mice developed diarrhea of similar ... Immunocompetent suckling mice were treated orally (5,000 IU) or parenterally (500 IU) with type I and II murine IFNs before and ... Treated animals developed diarrhea indistinguishable from that observed in untreated control mice. ...
Animals * Animals, Suckling * Chikungunya virus / genetics* * Chikungunya virus / pathogenicity* * Chlorocebus aethiops * ... aegypti to suckling mice in competition experiments. The effect of the E1-A226V mutation on cholesterol dependence of CHIKV was ... albopictus, and led to more efficient viral dissemination into mosquito secondary organs and transmission to suckling mice. ...
Causes death in host animal. Recommended Host suckling mouse; mouse, 3 to 4 weeks old, i.c. inoculation; hamster kidney cells ...
"Armed Sibling Rivalry among Suckling Piglets." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 29.1 (1991): 9-15. Print. Pope W.F., S. Xie ... Animals, including siblings, compete for resources such as food, territory, and potential mating partners. In animal sibling ... Not all forms of sibling rivalry in animals involve direct aggression or death of a sibling. This is not an extremely ... "Fetal Programming by Co-Twin Rivalry in Sheep." Journal of Animal Science 92.1 (2014): 64-71. Print. Fraser, David, and B. K. ...
Pregnant or suckling mares need more water. Do not give water to tired or sweating animals as this can cause colic. Walk the ... Hobbling animals Lifting one leg to control the animal Holding one leg up will stop the animal moving or kicking. This will ... Grooming is the cleaning and brushing of the animals coat which helps to keep the animal healthy and prevent skin problems. ... Otherwise the young animal may be left to suckle from the mother until it is 20 months old. Foals should be trained to the head ...
Learn about Micro-Vet Equine Traditional Blend for animal usage including: active ingredients, directions for use, precautions ... Suckling foals, on dry feed:. 1/2 scoop per day. There are approximately 12 scoops per lb., or 1-1/3 oz (38 gm) per scoop. ... D-activated animal sterol (source of Vitamin D3), Vitamin E supplement, menadione sodium metabisulfite complex (source of ...
by Nigel Suckling Starting at $1.49 Anatomy for Artists: A New Approach to Discovering, Learning and Remembering the Body ...
Kieran SucklingCalvesTeatHumansDiarrheaFoals1999SowsSupplementationMetabolismLambsCattleApplied Animal Behaviour ScienceNewbornIsomerCenter for BioloVirologyMonkeysLivestockEwesStimuliGestationInfectionWelfare5,000Adult animalsHusbandryMaresReflexMothersCruelty to AnimDevelopment2019MeatCharacteristicsBabyOrgansFitsFeedingConcentratesMechanismInfectionsSyndromeAlrightParturitionPlantsReproductionVeterinary
- Researchers Martin Taylor, Kieran Suckling, and Jeffrey Rachlinski compared population trends of 1,095 listed species with three related factors: how long the species were listed, whether their habitat had been protected, and whether specific recovery plans were in place. (nationalgeographic.com)
- The Obama administration has no sense of urgency when it comes to protecting imperiled plants and animals," said Kieran Suckling, executive director of the Center for Biological Diversity. (commondreams.org)
- Effects of prenatal stress on suckling calves. (semanticscholar.org)
- article{Lay1997EffectsOP, title={Effects of prenatal stress on suckling calves. (semanticscholar.org)
- It is very common in suckling calves during their first weeks after birth. (infonet-biovision.org)
- The first is the traditional animal type, which is most often made from the stomach of suckling calves. (ehow.com)
- To feed (a baby or young animal) from the breast or teat. (ranker.com)
- Inside the pouch the embryo attaches to a teat for suckling. (torontozoo.com)
- In fact, animal studies are needed to focus and direct further studies conducted in humans. (hindawi.com)
- Recent research has found oxytocin to be involved in trust and love in both humans and animals. (bio-medicine.org)
- And it works for humans the same as for animals. (envirolink.org)
- In all animals, humans included. (envirolink.org)
- Though it may be true they communicate with one another, it's obviously very different from how humans (or even animals) interact. (inhabitat.com)
- Humans soon realized that something in the lining of the fourth stomach of suckling animals caused this curdling effect and began to use this substance, called rennet. (ehow.com)
- Treated animals developed diarrhea indistinguishable from that observed in untreated control mice. (nih.gov)
- In other experiments, type I IFN receptor -/- suckling mice and IFN-gamma-/- suckling mice developed diarrhea of similar characteristics and duration and had comparable quantities of viral antigen in their intestines as did immunocompetent mice. (nih.gov)
- Most of the mares are heavily pregnant, still suckling last year's foals. (dailymail.co.uk)
- The sight is repeated right across the country, as The Mail on Sunday has highlighted in recent weeks, with increasing numbers of animals, including pregnant mares and foals, being abandoned everywhere from Norfolk and Kent to South Wales. (dailymail.co.uk)
- I actually pulled the foals out,' answered Moirano, an animal sciences major planning to go into veterinary medicine. (courant.com)
- The foals added to the annual 'Ag Day' showcase at Maryland Day, drawing crowds of children and grown-up animal enthusiasts. (courant.com)
- In tending sows housed jointly, social facilitation can boost the number of suckling bouts undertaken by all sows. (essaysprofessors.com)
- Specifically, sera IgG concentration and IgM in vitro production by splenocytes are increased after CLA supplementation during suckling. (biomedcentral.com)
- Maternal low-protein diet affects bone mass and mineral metabolism in suckling rats. (biomedsearch.com)
- 0·001) in the fat of lambs from the grass group compared with lambs suckled by ewes given concentrates. (cambridge.org)
- 0·001 and P = 0·01) in the intramuscular fat from lambs from the grass group compared with animals from the concentrate group. (cambridge.org)
- The involvement of the hypothalamopituitary-adrenocortical axis in stress physiology and its significance in the assessment of animal welfare in cattle. (semanticscholar.org)
- Modeling extended lactation curves of dairy cattle:A biological basis for the multiphasic approach 1 Journal of Animal Science 86 , 988-998. (springer.com)
- Applied Animal Behaviour Science , Vol. 22, p. 23. (cambridge.org)
- Fleming is watching a newborn bongo antelope suckle for the first time. (orlandosentinel.com)
- Indeed, recent studies carried out in our group in suckling animals have shown that the immune function is enhanced after feeding them with an 80:20 isomer mix composed of c9,t11 and t10,c12 CLA. (biomedcentral.com)
- Suckling founded the Center for Biological Diversity while working on doctoral dissertation in 1989 along with Peter Galvin, Robin Silver and Todd Schulke. (wikipedia.org)
- Not only had Dalldorf and Sickles identified the first members of a very large group of human viruses, but they also introduced and popularized a new and inexpensive animal into the virology laboratory - the suckling mouse. (virology.ws)
- D-activated Animal Sterol--A livestock feed supplement of plant origin supplying vitamin D3, obtained by activation of a sterol fraction of animal origin with ultraviolet light or other means. (thefreelibrary.com)
- however, it's important to remember that these animals are livestock and are not meant to live inside the home or be kept indoors, which increases the risk of illness in people. (cdc.gov)
- Food for animals, especially livestock. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 0·001) in the fat from animals raised by grazing ewes. (cambridge.org)
- Animal behaviors express an effort to adjust the response to stimuli. (essaysprofessors.com)
- However, the impact of nutrients on the developing immune system in animals during gestation or early life has been studied less. (hindawi.com)
- animals more than one week old were resistant to infection. (virology.ws)
- Close contact with infected immature companion animals is a significant cause of campylobacteriosis in children and direct intrafamilial transmission and occupational infection have been documented. (springer.com)
- Although some early publications identify breast-feeding as a possible route for T. cruzi infection, such data are scarce, and few animal studies exist ( 5 - 8 ). (cdc.gov)
- The histopathology of Machupo virus infection in intracerebrally inoculated suckling hamsters was studied and compared to the histopathology of a virus isolated from a case of hemorrhagic fever from Cochabamba, Bolivia. (ajtmh.org)
- The red tape that enmeshes animal welfare officers is almost as confining as the straps around the mare's legs. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Sessions will include the latest research findings on pig production, welfare, dairying, animal genetics, meat quality, animal feeds and all aspects of animal science. (thedairysite.com)
- Mass introduced to agriculture to boost animal production and reduce feed consumption in the early 1950s, agricultural antibiotics were soon accused of selecting for bacterial resistance, causing residues and enabling bad animal welfare. (jhu.edu)
- Animal science and welfare. (ncl.ac.uk)
- Special interests in pig housing, nutrition and reproduction, and in animal welfare and management of extensive and organic production systems. (ncl.ac.uk)
- Science to the person or group whose work has done the most to promote the cause of farm animal welfare). (ncl.ac.uk)
- Animal Welfare 2018, 27 (1), 21-34. (ncl.ac.uk)
- All animals need to be more productive and their welfare must be assured of at all times. (essaysprofessors.com)
- During this closure, minimal Zoo staffing will still be on-site to ensure the health of our 5,000 animals. (torontozoo.com)
- These studies have usually been performed on adult animals through the consumption of enriched diets or by direct administration of dietary supplements (oral gavage) such as vitamins, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fiber, probiotics, prebiotics, and other ingredients. (hindawi.com)
- However, agricultural [End Page antibiotic use has an equal number of disadvantages: it can cover up bad animal husbandry, and residues in food and the environment can create or trigger antibiotic allergies. (jhu.edu)
- Cyrus I of Persia was said to have been suckled by a dog, while mares supposedly suckled Croesus , Xerxes and Lysimachus . (wikipedia.org)
- Poor suckle reflex. (petcaretips.net)
- Stories of abandoned children being brought up by animal mothers such as she-wolves and bears were widespread in Europe from the Middle Ages and into modern times. (wikipedia.org)
- Although data from animal studies and human studies are scarce, we do not recommend that mothers with Chagas disease discontinue breast-feeding, unless they are experiencing the acute phase of the disease, reactivated disease resulting from immunosuppression, or bleeding nipples. (cdc.gov)
- They showed their youth, trotting around in fits and starts, suckling their mothers and laying lazily in the sun. (courant.com)
- Since long before there were people, mammal mothers from anteaters to orangutans to whales have been suckling babies at their breasts. (latimes.com)
- Imperial Banquet for Welcoming the English Cruelty to Animals. (todayinsci.com)
- In particular, it describes the main changes in the systemic and mucosal immune system development during rat suckling and allows some of these elements to be established as target biomarkers for studying the influence of particular nutrients. (hindawi.com)
- In summary, this paper provides investigators with useful tools for better designing experimental approaches focused on nutrition in early life for programming and immune development by using the suckling rat as a model. (hindawi.com)
- Thus, the purpose of this paper is to describe the potential of the suckling rat as a model for immunonutrition studies in early life and, more specifically, to provide tools for the investigators for better designing experimental approaches focused on the importance of nutrition in early life for programming and immune development. (hindawi.com)
- The Development of Animal Behavior: A R. (whsmith.co.uk)
- This book brings together for the first time, a collection of classic texts combined with a number of contemporary syntheses on the widely studied topic of behavioral development in animals. (whsmith.co.uk)
- Behavioral development is a major subject area in both animal behavior and experimental psychology since throughout the history of psychology and ethology, the study of development has played a crucial role and has been the subject of some of the major intellectual debates, for example the "Nature versus Nurture" issue. (whsmith.co.uk)
- More recently, biological approaches to development, derived from work on animals, have become increasingly important and influential. (whsmith.co.uk)
- The Development of Animal Behaviour: A Reader" provides the key readings in these important areas of research in one volume. (whsmith.co.uk)
- This Reader will therefore prove an invaluable resource for students and scholars who wish to engage with the study of animal behavioral development. (whsmith.co.uk)
- Animal 2019, 13 (1), 180-188. (ncl.ac.uk)
- Animal 2019, 13 (1), 189-197. (ncl.ac.uk)
- People get infected by having contact with sick or dead animals or eating meat contaminated with spores. (cdc.gov)
- The dressed body of a slaughtered meat animal. (famu.edu)
- WE have now discussed the physical characteristics of animals and their methods of generation. (edu.au)
- Active and passive interface are some of those factors that interfere with natural characteristics of domesticated animals. (essaysprofessors.com)
- A group of animals with similar characteristics (color markings, size etc.) that distinguishes it from other animals. (famu.edu)
- Neurons start releasing oxytocin from their dendrites (the arms that extend outward from the nerve cell that transport messages to and from other nerve cells) and from their nerve endings when a baby suckles. (bio-medicine.org)
- I think you'd first better study how the feeding of specific baby animals you want to portray actually happens. (absolutewrite.com)
- Be sure to select the correct size suckling or roasting pig - one that fits your cooking method: grill, oven, rotisserie or roasting box and the size of your party. (dartagnan.com)
- Pet Feeding Bottle or Small Animal Suckling Syringe Pup. (ebay.co.uk)
- I think 'suckling' is alright to use, just a little old fashioned, I changed it to 'feeding' (or could have used 'nursing') because I wanted to use. (absolutewrite.com)
- Suckling isn't feeding, or is it? (whsmith.co.uk)
- The second group of animals was housed collectively in a pen and was given hay and concentrates (concentrate). (cambridge.org)
- Researchers from the University of Warwick, in collaboration with other universities and institutes in Edinburgh, France and Italy, now seem to have pinpointed the actual mechanism by which suckling triggers the release of oxytocin. (bio-medicine.org)
- what mechanism the animal uses to accomplish its behaviors, how the behaviors contribute to the animals continued existence and reproduction, the way in which the behavior develop in its life time and how such behavior developed. (essaysprofessors.com)
- Although there are many benefits to interacting with farm animals, it's important to be aware that farm animals can sometimes carry harmful germs that can cause a variety of illnesses in people, ranging from minor skin infections to serious illnesses. (cdc.gov)
- In animals, oral exposure to lower levels for a long period also affected the liver and decreased their ability to fight infections. (cdc.gov)
- At this stage, the animal develops strain characterized by susceptible to various infections. (essaysprofessors.com)
- Physiological level: the animals which have not modified continue with arousal that generates general adaptive syndrome. (essaysprofessors.com)
- Any animal orifice that spits out coins is alright in my book. (blogspot.com)
- Colostral whey protein levels do not change during the first 4 hr from the start of parturition when suckling is prevented. (cambridge.org)
- and, in a word, the whole genus of plants, whilst it is devoid of life as compared with an animal, is endowed with life as compared with other corporeal entities. (edu.au)
- Indeed, as we just remarked, there is observed in plants a continuous scale of ascent towards the animal. (edu.au)
- Farm animals can become infected with anthrax when they ingest spores in contaminated soil, plants, or water. (cdc.gov)
- Aldrin rapidly changes to dieldrin in plants and animals. (cdc.gov)
- The Obama administration has been abysmal when it comes to protecting our most vulnerable plants and animals," Suckling said. (commondreams.org)
- In: Book of Abstracts of the 16th International Congress on Animal Reproduction: Poster abstracts. (wur.nl)
- Animal Reproduction Science , 60 , 449-457. (springer.com)
- Animal Reproduction Science , 97 , 201-215. (springer.com)
- Animal Reproduction. (springer.com)
- According to psychologists, the actions of animals are triggered by need for survival and reproduction. (essaysprofessors.com)
- By providing your farm animals with routine veterinary care and following the Healthy People tips, you are less likely to get sick from touching, owning, visiting, or working with farm animals. (cdc.gov)