Salmon: Fish of the genera ONCORHYNCHUS and Salmo in the family SALMONIDAE. They are anadromous game fish, frequenting the coastal waters of both the North Atlantic and Pacific. They are known for their gameness as a sport fish and for the quality of their flesh as a table fish. (Webster, 3d ed).Salmo salar: A commercially important species of SALMON in the family SALMONIDAE, order SALMONIFORMES, which occurs in the North Atlantic.United States Food and Drug Administration: An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.Fish Diseases: Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).Fishes: A group of cold-blooded, aquatic vertebrates having gills, fins, a cartilaginous or bony endoskeleton, and elongated bodies covered with scales.Food: Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.Aquaculture: Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Ethics, Institutional: The moral and ethical obligations or responsibilities of institutions.Food, Genetically Modified: Food derived from genetically modified organisms (ORGANISMS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED).Human Experimentation: The use of humans as investigational subjects.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Ethics Committees, Research: Hospital or other institutional committees established to protect the welfare of research subjects. Federal regulations (the "Common Rule" (45 CFR 46)) mandate the use of these committees to monitor federally-funded biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects.Attention: Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.Resilience, Psychological: The human ability to adapt in the face of tragedy, trauma, adversity, hardship, and ongoing significant life stressors.Melopsittacus: A genus, commonly called budgerigars, in the family PSITTACIDAE. In the United States they are considered one of the five species of PARAKEETS.Drug Discovery: The process of finding chemicals for potential therapeutic use.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Immune System: The body's defense mechanism against foreign organisms or substances and deviant native cells. It includes the humoral immune response and the cell-mediated response and consists of a complex of interrelated cellular, molecular, and genetic components.Drug Design: The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.Tuberculosis, Bovine: An infection of cattle caused by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. It is transmissible to man and other animals.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Cattle Diseases: Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.Tuberculosis Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.Tuberculosis: Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.Pandemics: Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.Cheese: A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates.Enzymes: Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.Breeding: The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.Food Supply: The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases.Plasminogen Activators: A heterogeneous group of proteolytic enzymes that convert PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. They are concentrated in the lysosomes of most cells and in the vascular endothelium, particularly in the vessels of the microcirculation.Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease: Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.Mice, Transgenic: Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.Body Modification, Non-Therapeutic: The wounding of the body or body parts by branding, cutting, piercing (BODY PIERCING), or TATTOOING as a cultural practice or expression of creativity or identity.Transgenes: Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.Genetic Engineering: Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.Tissue Engineering: Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.European Union: The collective designation of three organizations with common membership: the European Economic Community (Common Market), the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). It was known as the European Community until 1994. It is primarily an economic union with the principal objectives of free movement of goods, capital, and labor. Professional services, social, medical and paramedical, are subsumed under labor. The constituent countries are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. (The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997, p842)Biotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.United StatesEthics Consultation: Services provided by an individual ethicist (ETHICISTS) or an ethics team or committee (ETHICS COMMITTEES, CLINICAL) to address the ethical issues involved in a specific clinical case. The central purpose is to improve the process and outcomes of patients' care by helping to identify, analyze, and resolve ethical problems.Referral and Consultation: The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.Food Safety: Activities involved in ensuring the safety of FOOD including avoidance of bacterial and other contamination.Legislation, Pharmacy: Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of pharmacy, proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.Hydrobiology: The study of aquatic life inhabiting bodies of water, including growth, morphology, physiology, genetics, distribution, and interactions with other organisms and the environment. It includes MARINE HYDROBIOLOGY.
Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (1/8283)
Early developmental patterning of the Drosophila embryo is driven by the activities of a diverse set of maternally and zygotically derived transcription factors, including repressors encoded by gap genes such as Kruppel, knirps, giant and the mesoderm-specific snail. The mechanism of repression by gap transcription factors is not well understood at a molecular level. Initial characterization of these transcription factors suggests that they act as short-range repressors, interfering with the activity of enhancer or promoter elements 50 to 100 bp away. To better understand the molecular mechanism of short-range repression, we have investigated the properties of the Giant gap protein. We tested the ability of endogenous Giant to repress when bound close to the transcriptional initiation site and found that Giant effectively represses a heterologous promoter when binding sites are located at -55 bp with respect to the start of transcription. Consistent with its role as a short-range repressor, as the binding sites are moved to more distal locations, repression is diminished. Rather than exhibiting a sharp 'step-function' drop-off in activity, however, repression is progressively restricted to areas of highest Giant concentration. Less than a two-fold difference in Giant protein concentration is sufficient to determine a change in transcriptional status of a target gene. This effect demonstrates that Giant protein gradients can be differentially interpreted by target promoters, depending on the exact location of the Giant binding sites within the gene. Thus, in addition to binding site affinity and number, cis element positioning within a promoter can affect the response of a gene to a repressor gradient. We also demonstrate that a chimeric Gal4-Giant protein lacking the basic/zipper domain can specifically repress reporter genes, suggesting that the Giant effector domain is an autonomous repression domain. (+info)A conserved motif in goosecoid mediates groucho-dependent repression in Drosophila embryos. (2/8283)
Surprisingly small peptide motifs can confer critical biological functions. One example is the WRPW tetrapeptide present in the Hairy family of transcriptional repressors, which mediates recruitment of the Groucho (Gro) corepressor to target promoters. We recently showed that Engrailed (En) is another repressor that requires association with Gro for its function. En lacks a WRPW motif; instead, it contains another short conserved sequence, the En homology region 1 (eh1)/GEH motif, that is likely to play a role in tethering Gro to the promoter. Here, we characterize a repressor domain from the Goosecoid (Gsc) developmental regulator that includes an eh1/GEH-like motif. We demonstrate that this domain (GscR) mediates efficient repression in Drosophila blastoderm embryos and that repression by GscR requires Gro function. GscR and Gro interact in vitro, and the eh1/GEH motif is necessary and sufficient for the interaction and for in vivo repression. Because WRPW- and eh1/GEH-like motifs are present in different proteins and in many organisms, the results suggest that interactions between short peptides and Gro represent a widespread mechanism of repression. Finally, we investigate whether Gro is part of a stable multiprotein complex in the nucleus. Our results indicate that Gro does not form stable associations with other proteins but that it may be able to assemble into homomultimeric complexes. (+info)Inhibition of doxorubicin toxicity in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes with elevated metallothionein levels. (3/8283)
Controversial results have been reported regarding whether metallothionein (MT) functions in doxorubicin (DOX) detoxification in the heart. To determine unequivocally the role of MT in cardiac protection against the toxicity of DOX, ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from 1- to 3-day neonatal transgenic mice with high levels of cardiac MT and from nontransgenic control animals were applied. On the 6th day of culturing, MT concentrations in the transgenic cardiomyocytes were about 2-fold higher than those in the nontransgenic cells. DOX was added directly into the cultures. Compared with nontransgenic controls, transgenic cardiomyocytes displayed a significant (p <.05) resistance to DOX cytotoxicity, as measured by morphological alterations, cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase leakage from the cells. This cytoprotective effect of MT correlated with its inhibition of DOX-induced lipid peroxidation. These observations demonstrate unequivocally that elevation of MT concentrations in the cardiomyocytes of 2-fold higher than normal provides efficient protection against DOX toxicity. (+info)Human nerve growth factor beta (hNGF-beta): mammary gland specific expression and production in transgenic rabbits. (4/8283)
Transgenic rabbits carrying gene constructs encoding human nerve growth factor beta (hNGF-beta) cDNA were generated. Expression of hNGF-beta mRNA was restricted to the mammary gland of lactating rabbits. Western Blot analysis revealed a polypeptide of 13.2 kDa in the milk of transgenic animals. hNGF-beta was purified from the milk by a two-step chromatographic procedure. Electrospray mass spectroscopy analysis of purified hNGF-beta depicted a molecular weight of 13,261 Da per subunit. The biological activity of the hNGF-beta was tested using PC12W2 cells and cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons from chicken embryos. Crude defatted milk from transgenic animals and purified hNGF-beta demonstrated full biological activity when compared to commercial recombinant hNGF-beta. (+info)Aging-specific expression of Drosophila hsp22. (5/8283)
hsp22 is among the least abundantly expressed Drosophila heat shock (hs) genes during both development and heat stress. In contrast, hsp22 was found to be the most abundantly expressed hs gene during Drosophila aging. During aging, hsp22 RNA was induced 60-fold in the head, with somewhat lower level induction in abdomen and thorax. Induction of the other hs gene RNAs was 150-fold, with particularly abundant expression in eye tissue. Aging-specific induction of hsp22 was reproduced by hsp22:lacZ fusion reporter constructs in transgenic flies. Analysis of specific promoter mutations in transgenic flies indicated that functional heat shock response elements are required for hsp22 induction during aging. Finally, comparison of hsp22 RNA and protein expression patterns suggests that aging-specific expression of hsp22 is regulated at both the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional levels. Aging-specific induction of hsp22 is discussed with regard to current evolutionary theories of aging. (+info)Transgenic rabbits as models for atherosclerosis research. (6/8283)
Several characteristics of the rabbit make it an excellent model for the study of lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits have low plasma total cholesterol concentrations, high cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, low hepatic lipase (HL) activity, and lack an analogue of human apolipoprotein (apo) A-II, providing a unique system in which to assess the effects of human transgenes on plasma lipoproteins and atherosclerosis susceptibility. Additionally, rabbit models of human lipoprotein disorders, such as the Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic (WHHL) and St. Thomas' Hospital strains, models of familial hypercholesterolemia and familial combined hyperlipidemia, respectively, allow for the assessment of candidate genes for potential use in the treatment of dyslipoproteinemic patients. To date, transgenes for human apo(a), apoA-I, apoB, apoE2, apoE3, HL, and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), as well as for rabbit apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic poly-peptide 1 (APOBEC-1), have been expressed in NZW rabbits, whereas only those for human apoA-I and LCAT have been introduced into the WHHL background. All of these transgenes have been shown to have significant effects on plasma lipoprotein concentrations. In both NZW and WHHL rabbits, human apoA-I expression was associated with a significant reduction in the extent of aortic atherosclerosis, which was similarly the case for LCAT in rabbits having at least one functional LDL receptor allele. Conversely, expression of apoE2 in NZW rabbits caused increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis. These studies provide new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the development of atherosclerosis, emphasizing the strength of the rabbit model in cardiovascular disease research. (+info)Production of donor-derived offspring by transfer of primordial germ cells in Japanese quail. (7/8283)
We transfused concentrated primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the black strain (D: homozygous for the autosomal incomplete dominant gene, D) of quail into the embryos of the wild-type plumage strain (WP: d+/d+) of quail. The recipient quail were raised until sexual maturity and a progeny test of the putative germline chimeras was performed to examine the donor gamete-derived offspring (D/d+). Thirty-one percent (36/115) of the transfused quail hatched and 21 (13 females and 8 males) of them reached maturity. Five females and 2 males were germline chimeras producing donor gamete-derived offspring. Transmission rates of the donor derived gametes in the chimeric females and males were 1.8-8.3% and 2.6-63.0%, respectively. Germline chimeric and the other putative chimeric males were also test-mated with females from the sex-linked imperfect albino strain (AL: d+/d+, al/W, where al indicates the sex-linked imperfect albino gene on the Z chromosome, and W indicates the W chromosome) for autosexing of W-bearing spermatozoa: No albino offspring were born. (+info)The Caenorhabditis elegans lim-6 LIM homeobox gene regulates neurite outgrowth and function of particular GABAergic neurons. (8/8283)
We describe here the functional analysis of the C. elegans LIM homeobox gene lim-6, the ortholog of the mammalian Lmx-1a and b genes that regulate limb, CNS, kidney and eye development. lim-6 is expressed in a small number of sensory-, inter- and motorneurons, in epithelial cells of the uterus and in the excretory system. Loss of lim-6 function affects late events in the differentiation of two classes of GABAergic motorneurons which control rhythmic enteric muscle contraction. lim-6 is required to specify the correct axon morphology of these neurons and also regulates expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of GABA synthesis in these neurons. Moreover, lim-6 gene activity and GABA signaling regulate neuroendocrine outputs of the nervous system. In the chemosensory system lim-6 regulates the asymmetric expression of a probable chemosensory receptor. lim-6 is also required in epithelial cells for uterine morphogenesis. We compare the function of lim-6 to those of other LIM homeobox genes in C. elegans and suggest that LIM homeobox genes share the common theme of controlling terminal neural differentiation steps that when disrupted lead to specific neuroanatomical and neural function defects. (+info)Genetically modified animals[edit]. Transgenic animals have genetically modified DNA. Animals are different from plants in a ... "The Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods".. *^ a b c d John Davison (2010)"GM plants: Science, politics and EC regulations ... McHughen A, Smyth S (2008). "US regulatory system for genetically modified [genetically modified organism (GMO), rDNA or ... FDA page for GM Food. *^ "Guide to U.S. Regulation of Genetically Modified Food and Agricultural Biotechnology Products" (PDF) ...
Genetically modified foods[edit]. Main article: Genetically modified organism. The use of genetically modified seeds to grow ... Farming of animals[edit]. More intensive forms of animal farming have largely replaced traditional methods of raising pigs, ... The Food and Drug Administration generally considers a food with origins from genetically modified organisms (GMO) to be as ... USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service. Retrieved 2013-11-15.. *^ Comis, D (July 2003). "An Environmental Look at ...
Genetically modified mice are the most common animal model for transgenic research. Transgenic mice are currently being used to ... Oncomice are another genetically modified mouse species created by inserting transgenes that increase the animal's ... "Background: Cloned and Genetically Modified Animals". Center for Genetics and Society. April 14, 2005. "Knockout Mice". ... Transgenic or genetically modified organisms, be they bacteria, viruses or fungi, serve all kinds of research purposes. ...
... model animals and the production of agricultural or pharmaceutical products. The genetically modified animals include animals ... is the creation and use of genetically modified crops or genetically modified livestock to produce genetically modified food. ... The Regulation of Genetically Modified Food Glossary definition of Genetically Modified: "An organism, such as a plant, animal ... Genetically modified mice are the most common genetically engineered animal model. They have been used to study and model ...
Animal Behaviour. 50: 1325-1339. doi:10.1016/0003-3472(95)80048-4. Purvis, A; Agapowe, P-M; Gittleman, JL; Mace, GM (2000). " ... This simple SDM is often modified through the use of range data or ancillary information- such as elevation or water distance. ... Animals need certain resources to survive, and when these resources become rare during certain parts of the year animals tend ... This is seen in juvenile animals that are immobile and strongly dependent upon parental care. For example, the bald eagle's ...
... which has jurisdiction over all genetically modified (GM) animals, including fluorescent zebra fish, since they consider the ... "Genetically Engineered Animals". fda.gov. "Regulation of Genetically Engineered Animals Containing Heritable Recombinant DNA ... It is sold only in the United States, where it remains the only genetically modified animal to be publicly available. The ... Although not originally developed for the ornamental fish trade, it is one of the first genetically modified animals to become ...
Genetically modified seeds and animals are excluded. While organic is fundamentally different from conventional because of the ... Genetically modified organisms, nanomaterials, human sewage sludge, plant growth regulators, hormones, and antibiotic use in ... A key characteristic of organic farming is the rejection of genetically engineered plants and animals. On 19 October 1998, ... Although GMOs are excluded from organic farming, there is concern that the pollen from genetically modified crops is ...
... about the potential for cross-pollination occurring between the genetically modified alfalfa and non-genetically modified ... This case arose from the 2005 decision made by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), an arm of the U.S. ... agricultural health and regulating genetically modified organisms. APHIS has the authority to regulate any genetically ... The decision allowed Monsanto to sell genetically modified alfalfa seeds to farmers, and allowed farmers to plant them, grow ...
These buffers would provide a great habitat for plants and animals.. A lot of people do not like genetically modified organisms ... Genetically Modified Plants[edit]. Plants are most commonly modified to be resistant to specific herbicides or pathogens, but ... Genetically modified plants are a good answer to the problem of not enough crops to go around. These plants can be engineered ... Genetically modified plants can be implemented to slow down the effects of the abiotic stressors. This allows more crops to be ...
A ban on genetically modified organisms. Forced full Australian ownership of Australian network infrastructure (like ... Using dole workers to eradicate major plant and animal pests. Reduced insurance costs for local governments and community ...
Genetically modified food controversies Pollution - Nonpoint source pollution • Point source pollution • Air pollution - ... Overpopulation in companion animals • Tragedy of the commons • Gender Imbalance in Developing Countries • Sub-replacement ... Intensive animal farming • Intensive crop farming • Irrigation • Monoculture • Nutrient pollution • Overgrazing • Pesticide ...
"Genetically Engineered Animals - Oxitec Mosquito". US Food and Drug Administration; Animal and Veterinary. 2017-02-05. ... Julia Paoli: Genetically Modified Mosquitoes Pave the Way for Dengue Fever Prevention, Nature Publishing Group, 15 September ... Genetically modified organism Sterile insect technique The Oxitec approach. Oxitech Cookson, Clive (23 April 2015). "'Lethal ... Oxitec is working to develop a genetically modified version of Aedes aegypti to help control the transmission of mosquito borne ...
By being able to genetically modify a monkey, a new breakthrough in technology was formed. ANDi was created in the hope of ... Sawicki, Stephen (2001). "Genetic Engineering Results in First Primate Deliberately Mutated". Animals: 2. McCall, WilliM. "Meet ... ANDi is the first genetically modified rhesus monkey who was born at Oregon Health Sciences University (OHSU) on October 2, ... "GM monkey passes jellyfish gene to offspring". New Scientist. Retrieved 13 December 2013. ...
Background: Cloned and Genetically Modified Animals [online]. Center for Genetics and Society, April 14, 2005. Dostupné online ... Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful? [online]. 2000. Dostupné online. (anglicky). Je zde použita šablona {{Cite web ... Risk assessment of genetically modified crops for nutrition and health. Nutr. Rev.. 2009, s. 1-16. DOI:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008 ... 20 questions on genetically modified foods [online]. World Health Organization, 2010. Dostupné online. (anglicky). Je zde ...
Better animal models[edit]. Genetically modified animals represent an important instrument of modern biomedical research. In ... Disease models in genetically modified animals are mainly in rodents, such as mice and rats. However, they cannot adequately ... They see the following advantages in the use of genetically modified organisms in animal experiments: *Possibility of ... Alternatives to animal experiments[edit]. "Animal experiments will remain necessary in biomedical research for the foreseeable ...
"EFSA - Guidance of the GMO Panel: Guidance Document on the ERA of GM animals". EFSA Journal. 11 (5): 3200. 2013. doi:10.2903/j. ... "FDA Approves Genetically Modified Mosquitoes For Release In Florida". Retrieved 2016-08-07. Regalado, Antonio. "Bill Gates ... One possible application is to genetically modify mosquitoes and other disease vectors so they cannot transmit diseases such as ... Engineered gene drives have been proposed to provide an effective means of genetically modifying populations or even whole ...
nola.com Animals portal Birds portal Africa portal Cooper, J. C. (1992). Symbolic and Mythological Animals. New York, NY: ... Close-up of head: Note the highly modified feathers Close-up of head: Note the long eyelashes to protect the eyes Foot: Note ... Skadhauge, E; Warüi CN; Kamau JM; Maloiy GM (1984). "Function of the lower intestine and osmoregulation in the ostrich: ... Hence, it is plausible to state that metabolic rate in animals with larger masses is greater than animals with a smaller mass. ...
Genetically modified organisms contain genetic material that is altered through genetic engineering. Genetically modified crops ... Forestry operations, grazing of animals and hunting of animals are regulated. Exploitation of habitat or wildlife is banned. ... but advances in genetic engineering have led to tighter laws covering distribution of genetically modified organisms, gene ... Greater species diversity of animals may or may not decrease disease prevalence on those animals (Synthesis of 45 experimental ...
Animals need certain resources to survive, and when these resources become rare during certain parts of the year animals tend ... This simple SDM is often modified through the use of range data or ancillary information- such as elevation or water distance. ... Purvis, A; Agapowe, P-M; Gittleman, JL; Mace, GM (2000). "Non-random extinction and the loss of evolutionary history". Science ... Banerjee, B. (1976). Variance to mean ratio and the spatial distribution of animals. Birkhäuser Basel. pp. 993-994.. ...
"Genetically modified crops: steady growth in Ontario and Quebec". Statistics Canada. 6 December 2002. Retrieved 28 November ... Disease of plants and animals can break an agricultural producer. Tuberculosis in animals was an early threat, and cattle ... The domestication of various farm animals meant that corresponding industries such as feedlots, animal husbandry and meat ... "Animal Health Scrapies Manual of Procedures Module 1 and 2". Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Government of Canada. Archived ...
Its margarines are made without animal products or genetically modified ingredients. The original Nuttelex used to contain nuts ...
The Regulation of Genetically Modified Food Glossary definition of Genetically Modified: "An organism, such as a plant, animal ... A 'GMO' is a genetically modified organism.", Retrieved 2 November 2012. "The Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods". Staff ... McHughen A, Smyth S (2008). "US regulatory system for genetically modified [genetically modified organism (GMO), rDNA or ... including genetically modified food plants. The EPA regulates genetically modified plants with pesticide properties, as well as ...
... is the first medicine produced using genetically engineered animals. GTC states that one genetically modified goat can ... Larkin, Catherine (February 6, 2009). "GTC Drug Is First From Genetically Engineered Animals". Bloomberg. Retrieved February 7 ... It is made from the milk of goats that have been genetically modified to produce human antithrombin, a plasma protein with ... "HSUS Position Statement: Genetic Engineering of Animals". Archived from the original on December 3, 2008. Soler E, Thépot D, ...
Genetically modified foodsEdit. Main article: Genetically modified food controversies. There is a scientific consensus[45][46][ ... "Animals. 1 (1): 186-199.. *^ Reus, E.; Olivier, D. (2007). "Mind-matter for animals matters: Science and the denial of animal ... "Frequently asked questions on genetically modified foods". World Health Organization. Retrieved February 8, 2016. Different GM ... "Genetically modified foods and health: a second interim statement" (PDF). British Medical Association. March 2004. Retrieved ...
Also, the introduction of genetically modified plants and animals is of concern. Crops engineered to produce pharmaceuticals ( ... of nanotechnology Environmental implications of nanotechnology Health implications of nanotechnology Genetically modified food ...
A genetically modified tomato, or transgenic tomato, is a tomato that has had its genes modified, using genetic engineering. ... The first commercially available genetically modified food was a tomato engineered to have a longer shelf life (the Flavr Savr ... As well as aiming to produce novel crops, scientists produce genetically modified tomatoes to understand the function of genes ... Tomatoes are used as a model organism in scientific research and they are frequently genetically modified to further ...
Food and Drug Administration is weighing whether to allow a genetically engineered Atlantic salmon to be the first such animal ... The following are four other genetically engineered animals in development or approved by the FDA. ... They hope it will be the second FDA-approved genetically engineered food animal. ... Food and Drug Administration is weighing whether to allow a genetically engineered Atlantic salmon to be the first such animal ...
Genetic modification of an animal involves altering its genetic material by adding, changing or removing certain DNA sequences ... 1. What are genetically modified (GM) animals?. A genetically modified animal is one whose genetic material has been altered by ... Are there GM animals or food and feed from GM animals currently authorised in the EU?. No GM animals, or food or feed from GM ... impacts of the GM animal on biogeochemical processes; and (7) impacts of the GM animal on human and animal health. ...
... heres a look back at some of the most recognized animals created in labs. ... As modified mosquitoes are unleashed on the Zika virus, ... In 2015, a genetically modified cow gave birth to a healthy ... 12 Genetically Engineered Animals That Changed Modern Science. As modified mosquitoes are unleashed on the Zika virus, heres a ... Last year, the Food and Drug Administration approved the first genetically modified animal for consumption, much to the chagrin ...
... to consider the ethical and welfare issues about the use of genetically modified and cloned animals. ... We provide resources to assist researchers and members of animal ethics committees (AECs) ... care and use of genetically modified and cloned animals for scientific purposes (2007) (the GM Guidelines). However, because ... If you are involved with the use of genetically modified or cloned animals, you may have been using the Guidelines for the ...
If youre worried about potential health problems with genetically modified crops, pay attention: A new paper published in ... Ireland Says Not In This Country: Bans Genetically Modified Crops. UK Scientist Suggests Rebranding GM Crops As "Vaccinated" To ... If youre worried about potential health problems with genetically modified crops, pay attention: A new paper published in ... Read the original research: Genetically modified crops safety assessments: present limits and possible improvements. More on ...
FDA issues rules for genetically modified animals. Animals genetically engineered to produce drugs and healthier foods will be ... that the FDA will not require labeling of genetically engineered animals that are sold as food. Genetically engineered animals ... FDA proposed today that they will only review genetically engineered animals for their safety as food, and will not require any ... the antibiotic that is genetically engineered into the animal will always be present. We are concerned both about the potential ...
Action Alert: Genetically Modified Animals Step Closer to Your Dinner Plate 3 Min Read / Activism ... Will products containing genetically modified animal products be labeled as such?) to environmental impacts (Will genetically ... Fresh off the newswire is this story about the use of genetically modified animals as a food source. The story comes from the ... The Food and Drug Administration took a step Thursday toward considering proposals to sell genetically modified animals as food ...
... genetically modified animals are a whole different playing field of bizarre. Science has made a ton of advancements in changing ... animal DNA, especially with CRISPR, a genome editing tool that allows scientists to edit genomes with ... ... If you thought genetically modified crops were controversial, ... Insane Ways Scientists Are Genetically Modifying Animals Mariel ... If you thought genetically modified crops were controversial, genetically modified animals are a whole different playing field ...
Individual identification of GM animals is essential to improv ... GM) animals has generated a demand for accurate and unique ... The diffusion of genetically modified (GM) animals has generated a demand for accurate and unique identification to assure ... Individual identification of GM animals is essential to improve safety and traceability, as well as to fulfill the present and ... Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. ...
... translatable genetically-modified mouse and rat models for research, drug discovery, and humanized immune systems studies. ... Genetically Engineered Animal Models. start an order , print this page , share this page Genetically Engineered Animal Models. ... Design precise, translatable, genetically-engineered animal models for preclinical research and drug discovery. Taconic ... Taconic is a fully-licensed provider of genetically-engineered animal model generation services, able to partner with you at ...
A variety of genetically modified corn was found to cause signs of hormonal changes and liver and kidney toxicity in rats. All ... liver toxicity in animal studies. by David Gutierrez, staff writer A variety of genetically modified corn that was approved for ... I find it interesting that the FDA believes U.S. consumers should not be allowed to know which foods are genetically modified ... The rats who ate modified corn were found to exhibit signs of liver and kidney toxicity, as well as signs of hormonal changes. ...
Are you happy to eat genetically modified food?. Yes No Results New Posts - Futurist Keynote Speaker * Watch my latest Futurist ... Animal cloning has been going on for over thirty years and making new animals with new genes is also now quite routine, with ... Patents should not be given for sections of normal human genes, nor for human beings, nor for genetically altered animals or ... A Gene Charter - human cloning, GM food, transgenic animals Written by Patrick Dixon ...
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The document, Guidance on the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified animals, which focuses on GM fish, insects ... environmental impacts of the techniques used to rear or keep the GM animal; and the impact of the GM animal on human and animal ... Thus the ERA of GM animals involves collecting, assessing and, where appropriate, generating information about the GM animal to ... the non-GM animal with which the GM animal is compared during the safety evaluation).. In the final chapter of the draft ...
... reports that the performance and health of food-producing animals consuming genetically engineered feed, first introduced 18 ... years ago, has been comparable to that of animals consuming non-GE feed. ... Amino acids in animal feed positively affect environment. Animal feed event to address non-genetically modified product ... FIAAP Animal Nutrition Conference. Animal Ag Alliance Stakeholders Summit. Please enable JavaScript to view the comments ...
Fate of transgenic DNA and evaluation of metabolic effects in goats fed genetically modified soybean and in their offsprings - ... Genetically modified soya bean in sheep feeding: detection of DNA fragments in suckling lambs. Proceedings of 12th AAAP Animal ... Assessing the transfer of genetically modified DNA from feed to animal tissues. Transgenic Research 14, 775-784. ... Fate of genetically modified maize DNA in the oral cavity and rumen of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 89, 159-166. ...
Methods and Mechanisms of Genetic Manipulation and Cloning of Animals: Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate ... For genetically modified (GM) plants and the animal biotechnologies reviewed by FDA, the evaluation has included comprehensive ... In this example, the comparator database is not derived from animals that have been genetically modified by the application of ... Regulatory control of genetically modified (GM) foods: Likely developments. Toxicol Lett 127:341-349. ...
GM Salmon?, FDA image. After a seemingly endless period of review, the FDA has approved the genetically modified (GM) ... Perspectives: FDA approves 1st GM animal (fast growing salmon) to eat. November 19, 2015 Paul Knoepfler Uncategorized 14 ... and there were no qualitative differences in these proteins between GM and non-GM-amago salmons. These results indicate that ... GM Salmon, FDA image. Share this:. *Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) ...
GM) cows. And were talking mad-scientist GMOs here - animals that boast genetic traits utterly impossible to create in ... China is introducing a new wave of genetically modified ( ... China is introducing a new wave of genetically modified (GM) ... Tagscows, tuberculosis, bovine tuberculosis, china, genetically modified animals, livestock, domestic livestock, GMOs ... which details how early testing with a new generation of GM cows has revealed that modified herds can completely resist low ...
A GM house plant that breaks down indoor pollutants linked to cancer may do a better job ... If you live in Canada, you might soon be able to buy a genetically modified fluorescent houseplant that removes cancer-linked ... Read more: Altered animals: Creatures with bonus features. Would it be simpler just to open a window? "Oh, yes, sure," says ... A house plant has been genetically modified to break down indoor pollutants. Mark Stone/University of Washington ...
Genetically modified animals[edit]. Transgenic animals have genetically modified DNA. Animals are different from plants in a ... "The Regulation of Genetically Modified Foods".. *^ a b c d John Davison (2010)"GM plants: Science, politics and EC regulations ... McHughen A, Smyth S (2008). "US regulatory system for genetically modified [genetically modified organism (GMO), rDNA or ... FDA page for GM Food. *^ "Guide to U.S. Regulation of Genetically Modified Food and Agricultural Biotechnology Products" (PDF) ...
The aim of this study was to use a known animal model to determine the safety of the genetically modified (GM) rice T1C-1. The ... No adverse effects on animal behavior or weight gain were observed during the study. Blood samples were collected and analyzed ... The aim of this study was to use a known animal model to determine the safety of the genetically modified (GM) rice T1C-1. The ... However, as genetically modified (GM) crops are becoming an increasing feature of agricultural landscapes, several ...
GM) plants are increasingly used for food production and industrial applications. As the global population has surpassed 7 ... Safety risks for animals fed genetic modified (GM) plants. Vet Res Commun. 2005;29 Suppl 2:13-8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Guidance document of the scientific panel on genetically modified organisms for the risk assessment of genetically modified ... Review of animal models designed to predict the potential allergenicity of novel proteins in genetically modified crops. Regul ...
Products from some of these animals, such as milk from GM cows, may end up in the food chain. Genetically modifying mammals ... GM animals → European consultation on GM animals European consultation on GM animals. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA ... GM mammals. The consultation also covers GM mammals, including farm animals such as cows, pets such as cats, and wild animals ... You can read more about some of these applications elsewhere on this website: GM fish, GM insects and GM and cloned animals. ...
Max Planck scientists analysing the release of genetically modified insects into the environment have found that access to ... the release of genetically modified animals is still at a relatively early stage. A team of scientists from the Max Planck ... Giving genetically modified insects a fair trial. Large numbers of genetically modified mosquitoes are currently being released ... While genetically modified plants have already been introduced into the wild on a large scale in some parts of the world, ...
GMOsScientistsMosquitoesInsectsSoybeanGoatsMilkMonsantoCowsLivestockEuropean Food SafeChickensFoodsRisk assessmentHumansBiotechnologyOrganisms in food productionAssessmentAquaBountyPopulations1995SpeciesBehaviorGloFishEggsPigsConsumptionTransgenic animalsSterilitySalmonFood derivedMicroorganismsIngredientsPMEMControversialCentreHealth1994Genetic materialCloningHumanFluorescentRegulatory approvalPlantReuters
- The EU has established a legal framework regulating GM food and feed derived products as well as the release of living GMOs into the environment in order to ensure a high level of protection of human and animal health, and the environment. (europa.eu)
- EFSA's role is to independently assess and provide scientific advice to risk managers on any possible risks of GMOs for human and animal health and the environment and to propose appropriate measures to mitigate the risks. (europa.eu)
- The basic assumption of this type of comparative assessment, which is required under current EU legislation for all GMOs submitted for market authorisation, is that food and feed from conventionally-bred animals have a history of safe use and therefore can serve as a baseline for the risk assessment of food and feed derived from GM animals. (europa.eu)
- The basic assumption of the comparative assessment, which is the risk assessment approach for all GMOs laid down in EU legislation, is that non-GM animals serve as a baseline with respect to environmental safety. (thefishsite.com)
- And we're talking 'mad-scientist' GMOs here - animals that boast genetic traits utterly impossible to create in nature. (natureworldnews.com)
- In Canada and the USA labeling of GM food is voluntary, while in Europe all food (including processed food ) or feed which contains greater than 0.9% of approved GMOs must be labelled. (wikipedia.org)
- The FDA (led by recently installed former Monsanto executive Michael Taylor) and the USDA continue to claim that there is no difference between GMOs and their non-genetically engineered counterparts . (blogspot.com)
- It would make a lot of us feel more comfortable, especially with their recent efforts to prevent labeling of genetically engineered food (as well as labels designating a food does not contain GMOs. (blogspot.com)
- According to the World Health Organization , "genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can be defined as organisms (i.e. plants, animals or microorganisms) in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. (wikipedia.org)
- GMOs are used to produce many medications and genetically modified foods and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other goods. (wikipedia.org)
- This should not be confused with the more general way in which "GMO" is used to classify genetically altered organisms, as typically GMOs are organisms whose genetic makeup has been altered without the addition of genetic material from an unrelated organism. (wikipedia.org)
- The only human feeding study every published on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) was conducted on Roundup Ready soybeans, in which some of the subjects were found to develop Roundup Ready gut bacteria as a result of consuming GM soybeans. (mercola.com)
- Speaking of environmentally unfriendly GMOs, NPR reported this week that a type of genetically modified corn from Monsanto, which was developed to be impervious to a specific type of worm, may actually be causing the bugs to adapt and turn into "superbugs," making the corn vulnerable to the very worms it was engineered to resist. (anh-usa.org)
- Within the European Union (EU), the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food production is not widely applied and accepted. (archive.org)
- Genetically modified lactic acid bacteria (GM-LAB) can be considered as a different class of GMOs, and the European Union is preparing regulations for the risk assessment of genetically modified microorganisms. (archive.org)
- Since these procedures are not yet implemented, the current risk assessment procedure is shared for GMOs derived from micro organisms, plants, or animals. (archive.org)
- Within the United States of America there is not much public resistance towards the use of genetically modified organisms, GMOs ( Box 1 ), in food. (archive.org)
- 2 Nonetheless, a careful analysis of both industry and independent studies does demonstrate significant harm to animals fed GMOs. (westonaprice.org)
- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) are plants or animals that have had their DNA altered by a process known as genetic engineering . (sourcewatch.org)
- Jeffrey Smith, the executive director of the Institute for Responsible Technology, is a leading spokesperson on the health dangers of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and an international best-selling author of Seeds of Deception and Genetic Roulette: The Documented Health Risks of Genetically Modified Foods. (organicconsumers.org)
- Meanwhile, Gottfried Glöckner, an experienced farmer who had won an award for the high productivity of his dairy herd in Germany, was working with the GM industry, first to test GMOs for cultivation (1995), and then as the first farmer to feed Bt176 maize silage to his dairy cows (1998-2002). (gmoseralini.org)
- While clones are exact copies of an animal, genetically engineered animals are manipulated by scientists to bring about a change in their characteristics. (patagonia.com)
- GE animals are created when scientists insert a gene from one species of animal into the DNA of another animal to reprogram some of its characteristics. (patagonia.com)
- In 2002, scientists at Hebrew University in Rehovot, Israel, genetically bred bare-skinned chickens as part of a research project to create succulent, low-fat poultry that's eco-friendly as well. (takepart.com)
- Scientists genetically modified a bizarre-looking Mexican salamander, which is considered a transformed Aztec god in ancient mythology. (takepart.com)
- Science has made a ton of advancements in changing animal DNA, especially with CRISPR, a genome editing tool that allows scientists to edit genomes with unprecedented precision. (ranker.com)
- Scientists have across-the-board injected animals like rhesus monkeys, mice, pigs and naked mole rats with glowing jellyfish DNA in various experiments. (ranker.com)
- Scientists hope this research will expand to animals like goats and cows that could produce milk on a much larger scale. (ranker.com)
- In 2012, University of Wyoming scientists genetically engineered goats to produce a spider silk protein in their milk. (ranker.com)
- Since the onset of modern biotechnology, scientists have made discoveries leading to the development of new techniques for animal agriculture. (nap.edu)
- In relation to organ transplants, scientists have developed a genetically engineered pig with the aim of reducing rejection of pig organs by human recipients Genetically engineered farm animals can be created to enhance food quality 9. (mint-body.com)
- A team of scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Plön, Germany has now published a study examining the free release of genetically modified insects in Malaysia, USA, and Cayman Islands. (mpg.de)
- Scientists hope that genetically modified mosquitos will result in decimating the wild population and thus lower the risk of infections for human beings. (mpg.de)
- Scientists promise that producing genetically modified foods would solve this problem. (brightkite.com)
- If we support GMO ( Genetically Modified Organisms) then maybe just maybe scientists can find a way in which a plant can produce a surplus of delicious tasting fruit faster and with little nutrient intake. (brightkite.com)
- James Murray and Elizabeth Maga from University of California at Davis are working with Brazilian scientists to obtain approval for GM caprines (goats) that express Lysozime and Lactoferrin in their milk for the prevention of infant diarrhea - an affliction that kills 2 million children every year. (nature.com)
- Community engagement foregrounds the community in our thinking about humans' relationship to nature, and it implies that deciding to release genetically modified insects or animals into the wild ought to be a collective decision, not one made by product developers, policy-makers, private companies, research funders, or scientists alone. (cdc.gov)
- But many scientists, physicians, and concerned citizens don't think that the public should remain the lab animals for the biotech industry's massive uncontrolled experiment. (blogspot.com)
- Scientists have created a genetically modified milk that lacks a key protein involved in triggering allergies - an impressive technical feat that won plaudits in the biotechnology world. (latimes.com)
- Scientists genetically engineered cow cells to suppress the gene for a protein in whey - called beta-lactoglobulin, or BLG - that is present in cow milk but not in human milk. (latimes.com)
- The calf is now about 11 months old, and the scientists intend to breed it next year so they can analyze the milk more extensively, said study coauthor Stefan Wagner, an animal geneticist at AgResearch. (latimes.com)
- Scientists modified bacteria to produce chymosin, which was also able to clot milk, resulting in cheese curds . (wikipedia.org)
- The current regulations were written for the earlier generation of genetically modified organisms, where scientists used bacteria and viruses - typically from plant pests - to drop a payload of new genes into the nuclei of the plant cells where they merge with the plant's DNA. (nytimes.com)
- In the early 1990s, scientists at the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) repeatedly warned their superiors that GM foods could create serious health problems. (westonaprice.org)
- A review of the scientific literature shows there are still open questions about the safety of genetically engineered foods, with independent studies finding some evidence of adverse effect, while other studies, often funded by industry or performed by industry-affiliated scientists, tend to find no safety problem. (sourcewatch.org)
- Written for veterinary pathologists, veterinary diagnostic laboratory staff, toxicologic pathologists, comparative pathologists, medical pathology researchers, environmental scientists, and others involved in veterinary diagnosis and animal research across all animal species, each issue features original articles, in-depth reviews, brief communications and unique case reports. (sagepub.com)
- As modified mosquitoes are unleashed on the Zika virus, here's a look back at some of the most recognized animals created in labs. (takepart.com)
- British company Oxitec will be deploying a genetically modified strain of mosquitoes to help reduce populations of the Aedes aegypti mosquito , the main culprit in spreading the Zika virus . (takepart.com)
- GM insects .The section of the consultation on GM insects has been heavily influenced by the UK company Oxitec, which is developing genetically modified mosquitoes and agricultural pests, with funding from the Swiss multinational agricultural company Syngenta. (genewatch.org)
- The Cayman Islands was in 2009 the site of the first free release of genetically modified mosquitoes. (mpg.de)
- The first and most obvious question of people living in the release sites of the genetically modified mosquitoes (OX513a) in the Cayman Islands, Malaysia, and Brazil is whether humans can be bitten by genetically modified mosquitoes. (mpg.de)
- Are GM Mosquitoes Just as Harmful as GM Foods? (mercola.com)
- In an effort to reduce the mosquito population, the mosquitoes are genetically modified with a gene designed to kill them unless given an antibiotic known as tetracycline. (mercola.com)
- Genetically modified (GM) mosquitoes could be released into the U.S. environment as early as January 2012. (mercola.com)
- A private firm is planning to initiate the release of the GM mosquitoes in the Florida Keys. (mercola.com)
- Offspring of the GM mosquitoes will receive this same lethal gene which will kill the offspring before it can ever reach adulthood. (mercola.com)
- As more genetically modified mosquitoes mate with wild mosquitoes, the idea is that more and more offspring will be produced with the lethal gene, thereby reducing the mosquito population. (mercola.com)
- As for the release of genetically engineered "suicide" mosquitoes, what will happen to the local ecosystem when the mosquito population decreases or is eliminated entirely? (mercola.com)
- Based on the wide range of GM research thought to be currently underway related to several different animal species, the European Commission requested that EFSA develop environmental risk assessment guidance for GM fish, insects, mammals and birds. (europa.eu)
- The document, Guidance on the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified animals , which focuses on GM fish, insects, mammals and birds, outlines the specific data requirements and methodology for the ERA of GM animals should applications be submitted for market authorisation in the European Union (EU) in the future. (thefishsite.com)
- The draft guidance document outlines data requirements for the comparative analysis of different areas of potential risk specific to GM fish, insects, mammals and birds. (thefishsite.com)
- The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published its Guidance for the risk assessment of GM animals in Europe in May 2013, opening the door to commercial production and releases or escapes of GM insects, birds, fish, farm animals and pets. (genewatch.org)
- The Guidance still fails to properly address the issue of GM insects in the food chain. (genewatch.org)
- In summer 2012, EFSA held a consultation on environmental risk assessment of genetically modified GM fish, insects, birds, and mammals (including pets, wild and farm animals) in the European Union (EU). (genewatch.org)
- GM fish , GM insects and GM and cloned animals . (genewatch.org)
- You can contact your MP and members of the European Parliament (MEPs) if you are concerned about the EFSA consultation and proposals to introduce GM fish, insects, birds, farm animals and pets into the air, land and sea in Britain. (genewatch.org)
- The study centres on the US regulatory experience, which is currently being promoted as a global regulatory model for genetically modified insects. (mpg.de)
- The world's first environmental impact statement on genetically altered insects was produced by US authorities in 2008 and has since then been used as a basis for approval of subsequent experiments around the world. (mpg.de)
- Community Engagement and Field Trials of Genetically Modified Insects and Animals. (cdc.gov)
- Driving a desired genotype through a population of wild animals or insects could lead to irreversible genetic modification of an entire species. (cdc.gov)
- Community engagement is essential when it comes to research that would release genetically modified insects or animals into the environment. (cdc.gov)
- Monsanto's genetically modified 'Bt' corn is equipped with a gene from soil bacteria-a pesticide that breaks open the stomach of certain insects and kills them. (mercola.com)
- Now, residents of the Florida Keys, like those of the Cayman Islands and Malaysia, will be subjected to these genetically manipulated insects, without having any say in the matter. (mercola.com)
- It's also genetically modified soybean oils. (biofortified.org)
- And like fish, these new GM soybean oils can also make you healthier and live longer. (biofortified.org)
- The quantities of SDA omega-3 oil produced in genetically modified soybean are pretty high (20-29% of total oils). (biofortified.org)
- In February 2009, the FDA approved GTC Biotherapeutics Inc's modified goats used to produce an anti-clotting therapy for people with a rare disorder called hereditary antithrombin deficiency. (ibtimes.com)
- Should his goats or someone else's transgenic animals come before the FDA, "we need them to make a decision," he said. (latimes.com)
- Unlike conventional antibiotics, which must be cleared from the cow before it can be used to produce milk or meat, the antibiotic that is genetically engineered into the animal will always be present. (massagemag.com)
- The review study also found that scientific studies have detected no differences in the nutritional makeup of the meat, milk or other food products derived from animals that ate genetically engineered feed. (wattagnet.com)
- Studies have continually shown that the milk, meat and eggs derived from animals that have consumed GE feed are indistinguishable from the products derived from animals fed a non-GE diet," Van Eenennaam said. (wattagnet.com)
- Products from some of these animals, such as milk from GM cows, may end up in the food chain. (genewatch.org)
- All the genetically engineered soy milk, tofu, soy veggie burgers, soy yogurt, soy nuts, soy protein powder so many of us eat every day. (blogspot.com)
- The first transgenic livestock were produced in 1985 and the first animal to synthesise transgenic proteins in their milk were mice, engineered to produce human tissue plasminogen activator in 1987. (wikipedia.org)
- Cows have also been genetically engineered to create something more akin to human breast milk , in an effort to make cows milk more nutritious. (mercola.com)
- Moreover, the stated goal of the leading biotech company, Monsanto, is to genetically engineer all commercial seeds in the world. (westonaprice.org)
- China is introducing a new wave of genetically modified (GM) cows. (natureworldnews.com)
- That's at least according to a study recently published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ( PNAS ) , which details how early testing with a new generation of GM cows has revealed that modified herds can completely resist low levels of Mycobacterium bovis infection - the cause of B-TB. (natureworldnews.com)
- The consultation also covers GM mammals, including farm animals such as cows, pets such as cats, and wild animals such as rabbits, all of which could cause harm if they are released or escape into the environment. (genewatch.org)
- True organic beef would become an impossibility since all cows would be potentially exposed to the GM alfalfa. (anh-usa.org)
- A unique new study led by Professor Gilles-Eric Seralini has shown that the first genetically-modified GM crop commercialized for animal feed, Bt176 from Novartis (now Syngenta), was toxic to cows over the long-term. (gmoseralini.org)
- The review, led by UC Davis animal scientist Alison Van Eenennaam, examined nearly 30 years of livestock-feeding studies that represent more than 100 billion animals. (wattagnet.com)
- Titled " Prevalence and Impacts of Genetically Engineered Feedstuffs on Livestock Populations ," the review article is now available online in open-access form through the American Society of Animal Science. (wattagnet.com)
- Therefore, proposed labeling of animal products from livestock and poultry that have eaten GE feed would require supply-chain segregation and traceability, as the products themselves would not differ in any way that could be detected. (wattagnet.com)
- Five years later and we're still finding the same problems in test animals and livestock. (blogspot.com)
- It includes background and specific provisions from the bill for each of the issues and options analyzed in the report: market competition and packer concentration, livestock mandatory price reporting, meat and poultry safety, country-of-origin labeling, animal identification for health protection, animal welfare, feed prices, disaster assistance, and environmental issues. (unt.edu)
- GM livestock have been developed, although, as of November 2013 [update] , none were on the market. (wikipedia.org)
- EU - The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has launched a public consultation on its draft guidance for the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of GM animals. (thefishsite.com)
- The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) does not have the remit or competence to assess environmental harms should any of these GM animals be released or escape into the British countryside or seas. (genewatch.org)
- GM chickens are being developed which are supposed to slow the spread of bird flu in factory farms. (genewatch.org)
- Six years have passed, and genetically-modified foods are, if anything, a bit closer to our dinner tables. (patagonia.com)
- It seems that the more these GM foods are tested, the more frightening the implications seem to be for human health. (naturalnews.com)
- I find it interesting that the FDA believes U.S. consumers should not be allowed to know which foods are genetically modified and which aren't. (naturalnews.com)
- The push for honest labeling of GM foods has been blockaded by corporate interests and corrupt federal regulators. (naturalnews.com)
- In addition, the committee was charged with evaluating methods to detect potential, unintended, adverse health effects of foods derived from cloned animals. (nap.edu)
- Because there is no global approval and registration process for foods derived from GM organisms, approvals are country specific, and testing requirements sometimes differ. (springer.com)
- And we can only speculate about the relationship between the introduction of genetically modified foods in 1996, and the corresponding upsurge in low birth weight babies, infertility, and other problems among the US population. (blogspot.com)
- Genetically modified foods ( GM foods ), also known as genetically engineered foods ( GE foods ), or bioengineered foods are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering . (wikipedia.org)
- Commercial sale of genetically modified foods began in 1994, when Calgene first marketed its unsuccessful Flavr Savr delayed-ripening tomato. (wikipedia.org)
- Genetically modified foods are foods produced from organisms that have had changes introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering as opposed to traditional cross breeding . (wikipedia.org)
- Foods produced from or using GM organisms are often referred to as GM foods. (wikipedia.org)
- If you doubt that Genetically Modified (GM) foods threaten your body, here is a recent report from Russian biologists . (anh-usa.org)
- In addition to the unknown but increasingly documented risks of ingesting organisms that are completely new to the human body, we also need to worry about contaminants found in GM foods such as Monsanto's "Roundup Ready" herbicide. (anh-usa.org)
- There is overwhelming public opinion support for GM labeling, and more than 80 public health, environmental, and agriculture organizations are working to ensure genetically modified foods are labeled as such. (anh-usa.org)
- To enhance the introduction of functional foods with proven health claims it is proposed to adapt the current safety assessment procedures for (GM)-LAB and suggestions are made for the related cost accountability. (archive.org)
- How does FSANZ ensure GM foods are safe? (foodstandards.gov.au)
- FSANZ has established a rigorous and transparent process for assessing the safety of GM foods. (foodstandards.gov.au)
- The safety assessment process used by FSANZ is described in detail in a booklet "Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Foods", that is currently being updated. (foodstandards.gov.au)
- FSANZ conducts a thorough safety assessment of all GM foods before they are allowed in the food supply. (foodstandards.gov.au)
- This assessment ensures that any approved GM foods are as safe and nutritious as comparable conventional foods already in the Australian and New Zealand food supply. (foodstandards.gov.au)
- Why does FSANZ not do its own independent testing of GM foods? (foodstandards.gov.au)
- Companies involved in the development of GM foods spend millions of dollars rigorously testing their products according to these requirements, which include detailed documentation of testing. (foodstandards.gov.au)
- In a few years, you could be eating the next generation of genetically altered foods - potatoes that do not turn brown or soybeans with a healthier mix of fatty acids. (nytimes.com)
- In fact the evidence is so compelling, genetically engineered foods may soon be blamed for promoting a wide range of serious diseases on the rise in the U.S. and elsewhere. (westonaprice.org)
- According to secret documents later made public from a lawsuit, the scientific consensus at the agency was that GM foods were inherently dangerous and might create hard-to-detect allergies, toxins, new diseases and nutritional problems. (westonaprice.org)
- On that basis, no safety studies on GM foods are required. (westonaprice.org)
- Unlike other developed countries, the US does not require genetically engineered foods to be proven safe before they can go on the market, despite significant safety concerns. (sourcewatch.org)
- He is an advocate who is bringing to the world an understanding at a deeper level of the impact of genetically modified foods and genetically engineered foods. (organicconsumers.org)
- This is a forward to Jeff Smith's first book Seeds of Deception: Exposing Industry and Government Lies about the Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods. (organicconsumers.org)
- It talks about the freedom of information and access of citizens to enough information to make informed choices, which doesn't seem to have been the case as it relates to this extraordinary topic of genetically engineered foods. (organicconsumers.org)
- As a result, virtually ALL processed foods and beverages contain at least one genetically engineered ingredient. (mercola.com)
- I've written numerous articles about the health dangers of genetically engineered (GE) foods, and while I've not covered the issue of genetically modified animals to any great extent, this too is taking place. (mercola.com)
- Therefore, as a proactive measure, the European Commission has asked EFSA to develop comprehensive risk assessment guidelines that would be used by companies and risk assessment bodies to evaluate the possible risks for food and feed safety, the environment as well as related animal health and welfare aspects. (europa.eu)
- Acting on the Commission's request, EFSA has developed two separate guidance documents for the risk assessment of GM animals. (europa.eu)
- This guidance document, published in January 2012, outlines specific data requirements and the methodology to be followed for risk assessment should applications for food and feed derived from GM animals be submitted for market authorisation in the EU. (europa.eu)
- The risk assessment approach compares GM animals and derived food and feed with their respective conventional counterparts, integrating food and feed safety as well as animal health and welfare aspects. (europa.eu)
- In May 2013, EFSA published its guidance on the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of GM animals. (europa.eu)
- EFSA concluded that a risk assessment of GM animals should include three major aspects. (europa.eu)
- The risk assessment is based on a comparative approach between GM and non-GM animals. (thefishsite.com)
- In this context, and in anticipation of potential future applications for introduction on the EU market, the European Commission requested EFSA to develop comprehensive guidance for the safety assessment of food and feed derived from GM animals (including animal health and welfare aspects) and for the environmental risk assessment of GM animals. (thefishsite.com)
- The present draft guidance document on the environmental risk assessment of GM animals addresses the remaining part of the request from the European Commission. (thefishsite.com)
- The safety assessment of a GM food is conducted within the established risk assessment framework used by FSANZ. (foodstandards.gov.au)
- A number of companies interested in both cloning and genetic modification are working (or have goals toward working) in both animals and humans. (ipscell.com)
- An alternative view put forward by Schicktanz 36 argues that it is the human-animal relationship that may be damaged by genetic engineering due to the increasingly imbalanced distribution of power between humans and animals. (mint-body.com)
- Animals have all the filthy habits we humans enjoy, but they work in a few more that we'd never even imagine. (listverse.com)
- Although the procedure has been tested on animals such as fish, pigs, and rabbits, it remains relatively untested on humans. (wikipedia.org)
- GM sperm is not frequently used in humans but has been extensively tested and studied in animals. (wikipedia.org)
- Regulation in the United States currently prohibits the application or research use of such technologies in humans, but does allow for research and commercial use, prior to approval, in animals. (wikipedia.org)
- Detailed descriptions of methods used in animal cloning and biotechnology are provided in the report Animal Biotechnology: Science-Based Concerns (NRC, 2002). (nap.edu)
- Application of recombinant bST is a biotechnology in which a recombinant-derived protein is administered by injection to the recipient animal without changing the animal's genetic composition or genome. (nap.edu)
- Biotechnology also offers potential to animal agriculture as a means to reduce nutrients and odors from manure and volume of manure produced, resulting in animals that are more environmentally friendly (CAST, 2003). (nap.edu)
- Areas in which biotechnology could be used to improve the welfare of animals while maintaining profitability are explored along with regulatory schema to improve agency integration in GE animal oversight. (springer.com)
- In the spirit of my blog being a public forum, students in a first-year seminar course I taught this Fall (Animal Science 110S: Animal Biotechnology and Society) had to write a short blog about some aspect of biotechnology and agriculture. (feedburner.com)
- Genetically modified microbial enzymes were the first application of genetically modified organisms in food production and were approved in 1988 by the US Food and Drug Administration . (wikipedia.org)
- Several international organisations, including FAO/WHO and the United States Food and Drug Administration, have already published guidelines for the safety assessment of these animals and their derived products. (europa.eu)
- That report recommends conducting the safety assessment of a GM food on a case-by-case basis through comparison to an existing food with a long history of safe use. (wikipedia.org)
- This document addresses considerations in the safety assessment of GM foodstuffs, including the fate of DNA and protein in animal feeding, animal feeding studies, and future GM feedstuffs. (oecd.org)
- The goal of the safety assessment is not to establish the absolute safety of the GM food but rather to consider whether the GM food is comparable to the conventional counterpart food, i.e., that the GM food has all the benefits and risks normally associated with the conventional food. (foodstandards.gov.au)
- Is company data used during the assessment of a GM food? (foodstandards.gov.au)
- After a seemingly endless period of review, the FDA has approved the genetically modified (GM) AquaBounty salmon for sale and consumption. (ipscell.com)
- The section on GM fish is designed to facilitate the introduction of GM salmon produced by the company Aquabounty. (genewatch.org)
- The article considered the 17 years that have passed since AquaBounty applied for approval for its GM salmon from FDA (this process has not yet been concluded), and suggested that the FDA should ensure other promising genetically modified animals don't meet the same end. (nature.com)
- to environmental impacts (Will genetically modified animal populations be controlled to prevent cross-breeding with wild stocks? (patagonia.com)
- Flequillo, pictured at age one in 1995, is a genetically engineered donkey at the Buenos Aires Zoo. (takepart.com)
- Genetically engineered animals may contain genetic material from entirely different species. (massagemag.com)
- Unbelievable Animals There are more than 8 million species walking, swimming, and flying around Planet Earth. (ranker.com)
- Other GM fish species are expected to be introduced if GM salmon is approved. (genewatch.org)
- Oxitec has a patent which lists more than 50 species of insect it wishes to genetically modify and release into the environment. (genewatch.org)
- For example costs may always be seen to outweigh benefits because the ultimate cost is the violation of species integrity and disregard for the inherent value of animals. (mint-body.com)
- Decades of selecting traits for maximizing yield has led to endemic levels of so-called production diseases in all the major commercial farm animal species. (springer.com)
- With the emerging use of dogs and cats as models for human neoplastic diseases, well established and uniformly applied criteria to classify companion animal neoplastic disease will form a cornerstone in extrapolation of learnings across species. (sagepub.com)
- No adverse effects on animal behavior or weight gain were observed during the study. (plos.org)
- In December 2003, the FDA said there was no reason for it to regulate the GloFish, a zebra danio fish genetically altered with fluorescent colors, because it was not intended for food and posed no environmental threat. (ibtimes.com)
- US Government Approves Transgenic Chicken the Eggs of the Genetically Engineered Animal Contain an Enzyme That Can Treat a Rare Disease. (ncsu.edu)
- CRISPR has prevented HIV infections in human cells and aided in the creation of genetically modified pigs that may one day serve as organ donors for human transplant patients. (ranker.com)
- The pigs, whom had hastily recognized themselves as the intelligent leaders of their comrades, formulated the fundamentals of success on Animal Farm with a philosophy called Animalism. (bartleby.com)
- Examples include transgenic pigs and sheep that have been genetically altered to express higher levels of growth hormone 9. (mint-body.com)
- If it is deemed safe, the FDA will then look at animals intended for human consumption and see if they meet current food safety standards. (patagonia.com)
- Last year, the Food and Drug Administration approved the first genetically modified animal for consumption , much to the chagrin of consumer and environmental groups who have been fighting to keep it from being approved for years. (takepart.com)
- There is no evidence to support the idea that the consumption of approved GM food has a detrimental effect on human health. (wikipedia.org)
- They conducted what they thought would be a "routine" study of the long-term effects of the consumption of GM soy feed among a hamster population. (anh-usa.org)
- Transgenic animals modified to produce proteins for extraction, purification, and therapeutic use. (nap.edu)
- Some rare GM fish that escaped both captivity and the sterility or some other unpredicted event would have to happen. (ipscell.com)
- If GM leads to human sterility in succeeding generations, would we like to see all beef products contaminated? (anh-usa.org)
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is weighing whether to allow a genetically engineered Atlantic salmon to be the first such animal to be sold as food. (ibtimes.com)
- GM Salmon? (ipscell.com)
- AquaBounty's GM salmon has had a long road to approval. (nature.com)
- As part of its charge, the committee was asked to prepare a subreport evaluating methods for detecting potential unintended compositional changes across the spectrum of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), proteins, metabolites and nutrients that may occur in food derived from cloned animals that have not been genetically modified via genetic engineering methods. (nap.edu)
- The process for getting government approval to sell food derived from genetically engineered animals appears to be a hopeless logjam. (latimes.com)
- Genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) are involved in the production of a variety of food and feed. (europa.eu)
- In the United States alone, 9 billion food-producing animals are produced annually, with 95 percent of them consuming feed that contains genetically engineered ingredients. (wattagnet.com)
- A recent poll, conducted by the U.S. Consumers Union, found that two-thirds of US consumers would be concerned if they thought that GM ingredients were in organic food. (anh-usa.org)
- And you may have no idea that something is different, because there may be no mention on the labeling even after a law passed by Congress last year to disclose genetically modified ingredients takes effect. (nytimes.com)
- In the final chapter of the draft guidance document, recommendations are made for the post-market environmental monitoring (PMEM) of GM animals. (thefishsite.com)
- Under EU legislation, applications for the authorisation of GM animals must contain a detailed PMEM plan which defines how potential unanticipated adverse effects on the environment will be monitored. (thefishsite.com)
- Despite the negative and controversial views on genetically modified organisms, these organisms are the solution to the current global food crisis. (ipl.org)
- The authors also thank Experimental Animal Centre of Fudan University and Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, especially Dr. Weiwei Qiao, Dr. Xianzhe Zhao, and Dr. Guolan Liu. (plos.org)
- and the impact of the GM animal on human and animal health, for example to assess potential risks to farmers, other workers or the general public that may come into contact with GM animals. (thefishsite.com)
- A new scientific review from the University of California, Davis, reports that the performance and health of food-producing animals consuming genetically engineered feed, first introduced 18 years ago, has been comparable to that of animals consuming non-GE feed. (wattagnet.com)
- Transgenic biology provides a means of altering animal genomes to achieve desired production and health outcomes of commercial value and societal importance. (nap.edu)
- I don't see any particular reason to think that this GM fish as a food would pose any significant health risks to people. (ipscell.com)
- The US FDA stated that GM golden rice does not meet the nutritional requirements to make a health claim. (globalresearch.ca)
- If that happens, we'll be closing the door on innovations that could help us face the public health and environmental threats of the future, saving countless animals, the article said - and perhaps ourselves. (nature.com)
- Achievement of measurable health benefits with SDA in the diet as shown by Prof Harris has accelerated the entry of nutritionally enhanced GM soybeans into the consumer marketplace by several years. (biofortified.org)
- You'll need to meet the animal health requirements of the country you are visiting. (usda.gov)
- The first genetically modified food approved for release was the Flavr Savr tomato in 1994. (wikipedia.org)
- The advent of techniques to propagate animals by nuclear transfer, also known as cloning, potentially offers many important applications to animal agriculture, including reproducing highly desired elite sires and dams. (nap.edu)
- Then they used cloning technology to create a female calf from the genetically modified cells. (latimes.com)
- 4. Permits required in advance for all virus modifications, particularly where these viruses are being used to infect animal, plant or human cells. (globalchange.com)
- Continued development of new biotechnologies also will allow farm animals to serve as sources of both biopharmaceuticals for human medicine and organs for transplantation. (nap.edu)
- A Discussion That Companion Animals Have a Calculable Benefit to Human on a Diverse Scale. (mint-body.com)
- The average orangutan is more diverse -- genetically speaking -- than the average human,' says lead author Devin Locke, PhD, an evolutionary geneticist at Washington University's Genome Center. (opposingviews.com)
- Genentech announced the production of genetically engineered human insulin in 1978. (wikipedia.org)
- Ruppy the Glowing Puppy is a little different - she's the world's first transgenic dog which means she produces 'a fluorescent protein that glows red under ultraviolet light ,' whereas most bioluminescent animals glow a blue or green when with UV light. (ranker.com)
- If you live in Canada, you might soon be able to buy a genetically modified fluorescent houseplant that removes cancer-linked pollutants such as benzene from the air in your home. (newscientist.com)
- To avoid international trade disruptions, it is critical that the regulatory approval process for genetically engineered products be established in countries importing these feeds at the same time that regulatory approvals are passed in the countries that are major exporters of animal feed," Van Eenennaam said. (wattagnet.com)
- A herd of so-called enviropigs engineered to digest plant phosphorus more efficiently - cutting feed costs as well as levels of polluting phosphorus in their manure - was euthanized this year because of funding difficulties and public wariness about genetically modified organisms. (latimes.com)
- The first genetically modified plant was produced in 1983, using an antibiotic-resistant tobacco plant. (wikipedia.org)
- The first genetically modified mouse was created in 1974, and the first plant was produced in 1983. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1983 the first genetically engineered plant was developed by Michael W. Bevan , Richard B. Flavell and Mary-Dell Chilton . (wikipedia.org)
- WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Genetically engineered animals moved closer to the dinner table on Thursday as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration made the process it will use to review new proposals public. (enn.com)