Animal Rights
Animal Testing Alternatives
Animals, Laboratory
Animal Welfare
Animal Use Alternatives
Human Characteristics
Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation
Therapeutic Human Experimentation
An international survey of medical ethics curricula in Asia. (1/197)
SETTING: Medical ethics education has become common, and the integrated ethics curriculum has been recommended in Western countries. It should be questioned whether there is one, universal method of teaching ethics applicable worldwide to medical schools, especially those in non-Western developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To characterise the medical ethics curricula at Asian medical schools. DESIGN: Mailed survey of 206 medical schools in China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Australia and New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 100 medical schools responded, a response rate of 49%, ranging from 23%-100% by country. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of integration of the ethics programme into the formal medical curriculum was measured by lecture time; whether compulsory or elective; whether separate courses or unit of other courses; number of courses; schedule; total length, and diversity of teachers' specialties. RESULTS: A total of 89 medical schools (89%) reported offering some courses in which ethical topics were taught. Separate medical ethics courses were mostly offered in all countries, and the structure of vertical integration was divided into four patterns. Most deans reported that physicians' obligations and patients' rights were the most important topics for their students. However, the evaluation was diverse for more concrete topics. CONCLUSION: Offering formal medical ethics education is a widespread feature of medical curricula throughout the study area. However, the kinds of programmes, especially with regard to integration into clinical teaching, were greatly diverse. (+info)A reply to Joseph Bernstein. (2/197)
Dr. Bernstein suggests that anti-vivisectionists should be able to fill in a directive requesting that they receive no medical treatment developed through work on animals. It is replied that this would only be reasonable if research not using animals had long been funded as adequately and its results were currently available. (+info)Animal experiments: conference report.(3/197)
(+info)Methods in vascular infusion biotechnology in research with rodents. (4/197)
Infusion of experimental compounds into the vascular system of rodents and the need to collect blood and other biological fluids from small animals comprise an area of emerging importance to biomedical research and drug discovery and development. The advances in the development of transgenic rodents coupled with technical progress in the manufacture and commercial availability of various catheters, swivels, tethers, infusion pumps, and sample collection systems that are described have enabled biomedical scientists to miniaturize vascular infusion and sample collection systems previously used in animal species larger than the rat or mouse. Use of these advanced, miniature vascular infusion systems in rodents is possible only when careful planning of experimental design, expert surgical technique, adequate postoperative care, and fundamental animal welfare considerations are meticulously taken into consideration. Use of these vascular infusion systems in rodents promotes animal welfare and scientific progress through the reduction and refinement of animal models. (+info)Animal experimentation in sciences: sadistic nonsense or indispensable necessity? (5/197)
The history of biomedical research clearly shows that, with exception of a very few, scientific findings could be realised only with the help of animal experiments. Unfortunately, in the past the life of animals was treated negligently and, at times, in fact criminally. Only the researchers' willingness to apply ethical principles toward laboratory animals could create a climate in which research is opening up to constructive, active animal protection and is ready to co-operate through the implementations of such programmes as the 3R-principle into daily practice. Using a number of examples, the article at hand tries to show that the dimensions concerning animal protection is very old indeed and that only a change of consciousness by the public and in research has created a situation in which a gentler treatment of life and life conditions of laboratory animals could be realised. A further development of "constructive" animal protection within the industrialised nations is only possible with this back ground. Without such a development, biomedical research is bound for deficits in one way or another. It will be loosing it's medical and economical opportunities and with it, it's meaning for man. (+info)Use of animals in research: a science--society controversy? The American perspective: animal welfare issues. (6/197)
My paper will focus on those events happening within the United States during the last year. The issue of including or excluding rats, birds and mice from inclusion under the Animal Welfare Act has been a difficult battle for both those that wish to exclude them and those that wish to include these animals under this legislation. As of the writing of this abstract, the Senate, which originally intended to include rats, birds and mice under the Animal Welfare Act, has passed an amendment which will permanently exclude their listing under this Act. During the last several years it has become clear that refinement, as one of the 3Rs, has and will become the most important set of activities to add humanness to animal experimentation. It is clear that refinement approaches provide the opportunity to possibly eliminate or significantly minimize any pain or distress in animal protocol. My presentation will focus on CAAT's (http://caat.jhsph.edu) activities in this important area. Understanding potential health hazards to environmental industrial chemicals has become a major focus of activity both in the US, Europe and Japan. These programs offer the first opportunity to provide information, in the public domain, on these chemicals. One of the consequences, however, is the potential requirement for large numbers of animals. In the presentation, I will focus on two approaches to significantly including the 3Rs in these important programs. Although it is common practice in Japan to recognize contributions of laboratory animals through a day of memorialization, this has not been the case in the United States. During the last year, several activities have been initiated to begin to institutionalize memorial services for animals used in research. As the host institution of Altweb (http://altweb.jhsph.edu), the alternative web site internationally, current statistics and accomplishments will be provided on its worldwide utilization. (+info)An ergonomics process for the care and use of research animals. (7/197)
Personnel who work with laboratory animals incur potential occupational health risks that can lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Demanding manual tasks may also result in increased errors, worker fatigue, poor human performance, and decreased productivity. Studies have shown that a comprehensive ergonomics program that utilizes a systematic risk management approach can reduce the likelihood of exposure to musculoskeletal disorder risk factors and remove barriers to human performance. Research has characterized the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorder exposure in terms of force, frequency, posture, and muscle exertion. Ergonomic risk factors for typical animal handling tasks and work areas are identified, and a method is suggested for prioritizing interventions using interrelated data indicators. An initial review of potential control measures is offered to improve the health, safety, and effectiveness of people involved in the care and use of research animals. (+info)Occupational medicine programs for animal research facilities. (8/197)
Occupational medicine is a key component of a comprehensive occupational health and safety program in support of laboratory animal research and production facilities. The mission of the department is to maximize employee health and productivity utilizing a population health management approach, which includes measurement and analysis of health benefits utilization. The department works in close cooperation with other institutional health and safety professionals to identify potential risks from exposure to physical, chemical, and biological hazards in the workplace. As soon as exposures are identified, the department is responsible for formulating and providing appropriate medical surveillance programs. Occupational medicine is also responsible for targeted delivery of preventive and wellness services; management of injury, disease, and disability; maintenance of medical information; and other clinic services required by the institution. Recommendations are provided for the organization and content of occupational medicine programs for animal research facilities. (+info)Animal experimentation, also known as animal testing, refers to the use of non-human animals in scientific research and testing to understand the effects of various substances, treatments, or procedures on living organisms. This practice is performed with the goal of advancing medical and veterinary knowledge, developing new medications, treatments, and surgical techniques, as well as studying basic biological processes and diseases.
In animal experimentation, researchers expose animals to specific conditions, treatments, or substances and then analyze their responses, behaviors, physiological changes, or other outcomes. The selection of animal species for these experiments depends on the research question and the similarities between the animal model and the human or target species under investigation. Commonly used animals include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, primates, and dogs.
Animal experimentation has been instrumental in numerous scientific breakthroughs and medical advancements throughout history. However, it remains a controversial topic due to ethical concerns regarding the treatment and welfare of animals used in research. Many organizations advocate for the reduction, refinement, or replacement (3Rs) of animal testing, aiming to minimize animal suffering and find alternative methods whenever possible.
"Animal rights" is a term that refers to the philosophical and moral stance that non-human animals have inherent value and basic rights to live free from exploitation, harm, and unnecessary suffering. This perspective holds that animals are not merely property or resources for human use, but sentient beings capable of experiencing pleasure and pain, just like humans.
The concept of animal rights is often associated with the abolitionist movement, which advocates for an end to all forms of animal exploitation, including farming, hunting, fishing, entertainment, experimentation, and clothing production. Instead, proponents of animal rights argue that animals should be treated with respect and compassion, and that their interests and well-being should be considered on par with those of humans.
It is important to note that the concept of animal rights can vary in scope and specifics, with some advocates focusing on certain species or issues, while others take a more comprehensive approach. Ultimately, the goal of the animal rights movement is to promote a more just and equitable relationship between humans and animals, based on respect for their inherent worth and dignity.
Animal testing alternatives, also known as alternative methods or replacement methods, refer to scientific techniques that can be used to replace the use of animals in research and testing. These methods aim to achieve the same scientific objectives while avoiding harm to animals. There are several categories of animal testing alternatives:
1. In vitro (test tube or cell culture) methods: These methods involve growing cells or tissues in a laboratory setting, outside of a living organism. They can be used to study the effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances on specific cell types or tissues.
2. Computer modeling and simulation: Advanced computer programs and algorithms can be used to model biological systems and predict how they will respond to various stimuli. These methods can help researchers understand complex biological processes without using animals.
3. In silico (using computer models) methods: These methods involve the use of computational tools and databases to predict the potential toxicity or other biological effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances. They can be used to identify potential hazards and prioritize further testing.
4. Microdosing: This method involves giving human volunteers very small doses of a drug or chemical, followed by careful monitoring to assess its safety and pharmacological properties. This approach can provide valuable information while minimizing the use of animals.
5. Tissue engineering: Scientists can create functional tissue constructs using cells, scaffolds, and bioreactors. These engineered tissues can be used to study the effects of drugs, chemicals, and other substances on human tissues without using animals.
6. Human-based approaches: These methods involve the use of human volunteers, donated tissues, or cells obtained from consenting adults. Examples include microdosing, organ-on-a-chip technology, and the use of human cell lines in laboratory experiments.
These animal testing alternatives can help reduce the number of animals used in research and testing, refine experimental procedures to minimize suffering, and replace the use of animals with non-animal methods whenever possible.
'Laboratory animals' are defined as non-human creatures that are used in scientific research and experiments to study various biological phenomena, develop new medical treatments and therapies, test the safety and efficacy of drugs, medical devices, and other products. These animals are kept under controlled conditions in laboratory settings and are typically purpose-bred for research purposes.
The use of laboratory animals is subject to strict regulations and guidelines to ensure their humane treatment and welfare. The most commonly used species include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, dogs, cats, non-human primates, and fish. Other less common species may also be used depending on the specific research question being studied.
The primary goal of using laboratory animals in research is to advance our understanding of basic biological processes and develop new medical treatments that can improve human and animal health. However, it is important to note that the use of animals in research remains a controversial topic due to ethical concerns regarding their welfare and potential for suffering.
Animal welfare is a concept that refers to the state of an animal's physical and mental health, comfort, and ability to express normal behaviors. It encompasses factors such as proper nutrition, housing, handling, care, treatment, and protection from harm and distress. The goal of animal welfare is to ensure that animals are treated with respect and consideration, and that their needs and interests are met in a responsible and ethical manner.
The concept of animal welfare is based on the recognition that animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and emotions, and that they have intrinsic value beyond their usefulness to humans. It is guided by principles such as the "Five Freedoms," which include freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury or disease, freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress.
Animal welfare is an important consideration in various fields, including agriculture, research, conservation, entertainment, and companionship. It involves a multidisciplinary approach that draws on knowledge from biology, ethology, veterinary medicine, psychology, philosophy, and law. Ultimately, animal welfare aims to promote the humane treatment of animals and to ensure their well-being in all aspects of their lives.
"Animal Use Alternatives" refers to the methods and techniques used in scientific research, testing, and education that avoid or reduce the use of animals. The three main categories of alternatives are:
1. Replacement: This involves using non-animal methods to entirely replace the use of animals in a particular procedure or experiment. Examples include the use of computer modeling, cell cultures, and tissue samples instead of live animals.
2. Reduction: This refers to methods that reduce the number of animals used in a given procedure or experiment while still achieving the same scientific objective. Examples include using statistical methods to design experiments that require fewer animals, or sharing data and resources between research groups.
3. Refinement: This involves modifying procedures to minimize suffering and improve animal welfare for those animals that are still used. Examples include using anesthesia and pain relief during surgical procedures, providing appropriate housing and enrichment, and implementing humane endpoints in experiments.
The development and implementation of animal use alternatives is a key goal in the ethical and responsible conduct of scientific research, testing, and education.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "human characteristics" is not a medical term or concept. It refers to the typical traits, attributes, and features that define humans as a species, both physically and behaviorally. Physical human characteristics include bipedal locomotion, large brains, and fine motor skills, while behavioral characteristics can include complex language use, self-awareness, and sociality.
However, if you have any specific medical or health-related questions, I would be happy to help answer them to the best of my ability!
Human experimentation is a branch of medical research that involves conducting experiments on human subjects. According to the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki, which sets ethical standards for medical research involving human subjects, human experimentation is defined as "systematic study designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge."
Human experimentation can take many forms, including clinical trials of new drugs or medical devices, observational studies, and interventional studies. In all cases, the principles of informed consent, risk minimization, and respect for the autonomy and dignity of the research subjects must be strictly adhered to.
Human experimentation has a controversial history, with many instances of unethical practices and abuse, such as the notorious Tuskegee syphilis study in which African American men were deliberately left untreated for syphilis without their informed consent. As a result, there are strict regulations and guidelines governing human experimentation to ensure that it is conducted ethically and with the utmost respect for the rights and welfare of research subjects.
Nontherapeutic human experimentation refers to medical research studies in which the primary goal is not to directly benefit the participants, but rather to advance scientific knowledge or develop new medical technologies. These studies often involve some level of risk or discomfort for the participants, and may include the administration of experimental treatments, procedures, or interventions.
Nontherapeutic human experimentation can take many forms, including clinical trials, observational studies, and other types of research involving human subjects. In these studies, researchers must carefully weigh the potential benefits of the research against the risks to the participants, and ensure that all participants are fully informed of the nature of the study, its purposes, and any potential risks or benefits before providing their consent to participate.
It's important to note that nontherapeutic human experimentation is subject to strict ethical guidelines and regulations, designed to protect the rights and welfare of research participants. These guidelines and regulations are intended to ensure that all research involving human subjects is conducted in a responsible and ethical manner, with the goal of advancing scientific knowledge while minimizing harm to participants.
Therapeutic human experimentation, also known as clinical research or clinical trials, is a branch of medical research that involves the testing of new medical treatments, drugs, devices, or procedures on human subjects. The goal of this type of research is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these interventions in order to determine whether they should be approved for use in clinical practice.
The term "therapeutic" is used to distinguish this type of research from non-therapeutic research, which does not involve direct medical benefit to the participant. In therapeutic human experimentation, participants may receive some potential direct medical benefit from their participation, although they may also experience risks or side effects.
Therapeutic human experimentation is subject to strict ethical guidelines and regulations, including informed consent, risk-benefit analysis, and independent review by ethics committees or institutional review boards (IRBs). These safeguards are designed to protect the rights and welfare of research participants and ensure that the research is conducted in a responsible and transparent manner.
I am not a medical professional, but I can tell you that the term "war crimes" is a legal concept and does not fall under the category of medical definitions. War crimes are serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in armed conflicts. They include acts such as deliberate attacks on civilians or civilian infrastructure, torture, hostage-taking, and the use of weapons that cause unnecessary suffering or superfluous injury.
If you have any questions related to medical definitions or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them!
Walter Bradford Cannon
Human uses of animals
Human uses of living things
Library of Congress Classification:Class H -- Social sciences
Animal
Animal testing
Animal welfare and rights in India
People for Animals
Vivisection
Hearing range
Short-term effects of alcohol consumption
Paul Marquard Schlegel
Foundation for Biomedical Research
Organ-on-a-chip
W. M. S. Russell
Comparative medicine
Arthur Schafer
Dan Lyons
Mary Midgley
Dognapping
Cruelty to Animals Act 1835
Charles R. Magel
Methods used to study memory
Laurids Smith
Wilhelm Dietler
Animal rights in Indian religions
Human anti-mouse antibody
Head transplant
Alternatives to animal testing
Theralizumab
Experimentation and Animal Welfare
Animal experimentation up 73 percent, study says - CBS News
animal experimentation | Uncommon Descent
Avrion Mitchison - Scientist - Animal experimentation - Web of Stories
Animal Experimentation (Cosmetics) Bill - Hansard - UK Parliament
Animal experimentation--Public opinion
Animal Experimentation - 777 Words | 123 Help Me
CERec - Ethics Committee on Animal and Human Experimentation - UAB Barcelona
Part 5 Effectiveness of the Animal Model in: Animal Experimentation: Working Towards a Paradigm Change
"Animal Experimentation: A Philosopher's Changing Views" by Michael Allen Fox
Is France making fun of the regulation on animal experimentation? | Eurogroup for Animals
Course in Training Research Staff Users of Animals for Experimentation and other Scientific Ends (September) - UAB Barcelona -...
Editorial | ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation
Imprint | ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation
Prediction of Skin Sensitizers using Alternative Methods to Animal Experimentation.<...
Human experimentation | Bartleby
Advertisement | ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation
Editorial | ALTEX - Alternatives to animal experimentation
Legal and ethical framework for animal experimentation
Everyday ethics in animal experimentation | Scandinavian Journal of Laboratory Animal Science
Animal Experimentation | Profiles RNS
Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour (ASAB) Winter Meeting | Cambridge University Press
Home page - Animal Experimentation Conferences
Experimentation - Videos - Animal Rights Zone
Animal experimentation - SAFE Animals&Us
Animal Experimentation Archives - The Constantine Report
Methods of Animal Experimentation - 1st Edition
alternatives to animal experimentation Archives - IELTS Fever
Reducing Animal Experimentation Thanks To Zebrafish - Bionomous Sàrl
Why Animal Research? | Animal Research at Stanford | Stanford Medicine
Experiments23
- In addition to experiments involving cell and tissue culture techniques, computer simulations and human volunteers, this also includes animal experiments. (uu.nl)
- Animal experiments are currently an irreplaceable part of much biological, medical and veterinary research. (uu.nl)
- And the group's attempt to conclude that animal-based research is a 'wasteful and futile quest' that doesn't actually yield positive benefits to humans is laughable, contradicted by countless medical discoveries, from the use of dogs to extract insulin to treat diabetes to the experiments on armadillos that developed a cure for leprosy. (spiked-online.com)
- This quarter I've been taking a class on Rationality and Emotion, which includes lots of readings (mostly written by the teacher) that, among other things, talk about a variety of experiments done on animals in the area of cognitive research. (blogspot.com)
- AE: What are your current views on animal experiments? (antidote-europe.eu)
- However, soon I was interested to discover that there was an increasing number of doctors and scientists questioning the relevance and reliability of animal experiments as models for human disease. (antidote-europe.eu)
- As I began to learn, there are numerous examples (which I won"t list here), where animal experiments did not predict reactions in humans. (antidote-europe.eu)
- Animal experiments were carried out in the Institute of Animal Experimentation, Hokkaido University School of Medicine under the Rules and Regulation of the Animal Care and Use Committee, Hokkaido University School of Medicine (Reference number: 08-0068). (medscape.com)
- For example the widely discussed moral question concerns are the use of animals in scientific experiments. (wowessays.com)
- Animal experiments are considered an age old practice which dates back in ancient Egypt in the third century BCE (McKinnon 2013). (wowessays.com)
- Given that the argument against the use of animals in experiments is so strong, why is animal experimentation still happening? (nzavs.org.nz)
- Animal experiments could be repeated all the time and no one would ever know. (nzavs.org.nz)
- Reality of Animal Testing Many animals each year are killed due to cosmetic and drug testing, biology lessons, and plain experiments driven by curiosity. (ipl.org)
- People use animals for experiments for centuries. (ipl.org)
- One part of the course is a general introduction about the specific responsibilities (both legal and moral) of a scientist, as the central person in the design and conduct of animal experiments, for the management of the study and the welfare of the animals used. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- Vivisectors claim that medical advances and new techniques are made possible by experiments done with animals. (healingcancernaturally.com)
- There are several ways in which animal models differ from patients' clinical experience, which limits how well findings from animal experiments can be translated. (iasp-pain.org)
- Thirdly, animal models lack the degenerative nature of human chronic diseases that progress over years rather than weeks, as is the case in most laboratory experiments. (iasp-pain.org)
- Replacement refers to technologies that replace or avoid the use of animals in experiments. (iasp-pain.org)
- Patients Campaigning For Cures raise awareness of the vital moral issue of human suffering and death, caused by the now proven failure of animal experiments to help in the search for effective treatments and cures. (patientscampaigningforcures.org)
- This human aspect is often overlooked in questioning the morality of animal experiments. (patientscampaigningforcures.org)
- Animal Testing In order to more completely understand biology, researchers sometimes conduct experiments on animals. (bookrags.com)
- ldquo;Experiments are performed on animals that inflict severe pain without the remotest prospect of significant benefits for humans or any other animals. (bookrags.com)
Alternatives3
- Are there any alternatives to animal experimentation? (ieltsfever.org)
- In today's society, our advanced technology has enabled a myriad of alternatives to replace experimentation. (bookrags.com)
- This workshop report provides highlights from the speaker ence Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), presentations, followed by summaries of the discussions, conclu the Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods sions, and recommendations for each of the key areas discussed. (nih.gov)
Biomedical research2
- While traditional animal models continue to be vital to advancing scientific knowledge, NAMs offer unique strengths that, when utilized singly or in combination, can expand the toolbox for researchers to answer previously difficult or unanswerable biomedical research questions. (nih.gov)
- name the commonly used fish species in animal experimentation and give examples of their use in behavioral research, biomedical research, toxicology, aquaculture research and research in the wild. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Vivo3
- The study of digestive and metabolic processes in vivo (directly on the animals) is not easily interpreted, due to the numerous factors that characterize the gastric and intestinal digestive process including the diversity of species and breeds, the ingredients of the diet, the chemical and nutritional characteristics of the ration and the method of breeding. (turval.com)
- For these motives, it was estimated to be more useful, for the aim of comparison between products, to test the probiotics in vitro, analyzing the fermentative potential and the capacity of the microorganisms to produce metabolites contained in the products compared, rather than using the in vivo method, based on the "final" results obtained in animals. (turval.com)
- Our research group has aimed to integrate computational modelling with in vitro and in vivo experimentation towards the advancement of chemical mixture toxicology while minimising animal use. (cdc.gov)
Research57
- The reasons given by Animal Aid for a financial boycott of four charities that benefit from animal experimentation - Cancer Research UK, the British Heart Foundation, Parkinson's UK and the Alzheimer's Society - are nothing the British public hasn't heard before. (spiked-online.com)
- So why are major figures taking the Animal Aid campaign seriously, suggesting that a motley crew of bunny-worshipping nutjobs could have a major effect upon the public's financial support for medical research? (spiked-online.com)
- James Culling, head of individual giving, legacies and membership at Parkinson's UK, said that his charity was not concerned about the impact of the Animal Aid campaign on donations and that 'our members and supporters know that a small, but vital part of our research programme involves animals. (spiked-online.com)
- He argued that animal research would play a 'key role' in ultimately developing a cure for Parkinson's. (spiked-online.com)
- A strong case for animal testing was made by Dr David Scott, director of science funding at Cancer Research UK: 'Cancer survival has doubled over the last 40 years - that progress is based on the wide array of new treatments developed and tested using animal research. (spiked-online.com)
- The NIH gathered input to inform a potential Common Fund research program called "Complement Animal Research in Experimentation (Complement-ARIE)" aimed at development, standardization, validation, and use of new approach methodologies (NAMs) . (nih.gov)
- Thanks to animal research, countless soldiers who would have otherwise died were able to make it home to their families. (umass.edu)
- In this way, animal research has become essential to the medical community for the development of new medicines, therapies, and surgical techniques. (umass.edu)
- In response to the strong backlash to animal use in research, the government created new laws to give some protections to animals. (umass.edu)
- Since 90% of the animals used in research are rodents, these laws do not lend them any protections (Kehinde, 2013). (umass.edu)
- In order to combat this, "The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" was published by the National Research Council and is still considered to be the standard of laboratory animal care today. (umass.edu)
- This "Guide", which is highly respected in the research community, covers the well-being of animals like mice and rats, as well as their proper housing, care, pain management, and even humane euthanasia (NRC, 2011). (umass.edu)
- One example of a welfare recommendation made by "The Guide", as it is better known as, states that animals used for research purposes should be housed to maximize species-specific behaviors and minimize behaviors caused by stress. (umass.edu)
- We post information and flyers from authoritative institutions on animal research. (swissneuroscience.ch)
- Last week, we posted that the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service had announced that it was removing from its Website "inspection reports, regulatory correspondence, research facility annual reports, and enforcement records that have not received final adjudication. (freegovinfo.info)
- The NIH Common Fund is beginning a strategic planning process for a potential Complement-Animal Research In Experimentation (Complement-ARIE) program to catalyze the development, standardization, validation, and use of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) that will more accurately model human outcomes. (nih.gov)
- Participation in the Complement-Animal Research In Experimentation Challenge is open to citizens or permanent residents of the United States, or in the case of a private entity, be incorporated in or maintain a primary place of business in the United States. (nih.gov)
- We eat more than 1,800 times the number of pigs than the number used in research, and we consume more than 340 chickens for every research animal. (ipl.org)
- The research animals are cared for by veterinarians, husbandry specialists, and animal health technicians to ensure their well-being and more accurate test. (ipl.org)
- There is much controversy with regards to animal testing for medical research and there has been throughout the centuries. (ipl.org)
- The inhumane treatment of animals used for research is well documented. (ipl.org)
- There are many pros and cons considering the use of the animals in medical research. (ipl.org)
- For example, there is no central hub containing all current or past research that has involved animals in NZ. (nzavs.org.nz)
- From suppliers of animals (those who breed animals to be used in animal-based research), and suppliers of equipment (such as cages, stereotaxic frames for animal surgery and behaviour testing chambers) to universities, and funders, many people are making a lot of money from this industry. (nzavs.org.nz)
- According to Research and Markets, the global animal testing market was valued at over 10 billion USD (~ 16 billion NZD) in 2019 and is continuing to grow. (nzavs.org.nz)
- Not only can we both live but by removing animals from the equation and focusing on human-based research instead, we'll inevitably be able to increase the chances of helping people in need. (nzavs.org.nz)
- Sadly, many scientific journals and funders of research encourage (or require) animal use in research. (nzavs.org.nz)
- 3 This makes funding and publishing animal-free research harder. (nzavs.org.nz)
- Members of the animal science and research community don't have many incentives driving them toward animal-free research. (nzavs.org.nz)
- In other cases, they are given to research facilities to be used as testing animals, which is wrong. (ipl.org)
- Some shelters will even charge the research facilities to get the animals for testing. (ipl.org)
- Animals should not be used for research due to the fact that their lives are being taken away, there are large economic effects and the animals are typically innocent. (ipl.org)
- We hope that this paper will facilitate the development of a new field of philosophical and technical research regarding the impacts of AI on animals, namely, the ethics of AI as it affects nonhuman animals. (springer.com)
- The course aims to provide knowledge that is essential for understanding the humane use and care of fish as laboratory animals and for the quality of research using fish species. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- Comparative research has enabled use of domestic animal models that translate the advances in basic biosciences to the schemes for human welfare including medicine. (vet-ebooks.com)
- Additionally, research focused on immunology and animal behavior offer new insight into ways of enhancing animal welfare. (vet-ebooks.com)
- The rise in consumption of animal proteins in addition to the challenges of sustaining our natural resources has given animal scientists a vast array of opportunities to engage in integrative systems-based research for meeting the challenges that behold us. (vet-ebooks.com)
- The increased sensitivity in regards to natural products and the necessity, imposed by norms and economical needs, to diminish the "medicalization" of breeding farms, make it obligatory, on the part of the research sectors working on the exploitation of feeds for zootechnical use and animal production, to conduct a careful scientific examination of the physiological and biological behavior of the microorganisms commonly called probiotics. (turval.com)
- Our mission at Inotiv," a company representative told the Journal & Courier after the report was published, "is to help our customers realize the full potential of their scientific and medical research, which ultimately contributes to a significant improvement in the lives of humans and animals. (hsmcohio.com)
- Animals are used in preclinical research to study the etiology and pathophysiology of pain, unravel signal transduction pathways, identify, and evaluate new target molecules and regions, develop therapeutic strategies, and analyse their efficacy. (iasp-pain.org)
- The 3Rs framework (reduction, refinement and replacement) is used to assess and embed minimizing harm to animals used in research [6]. (iasp-pain.org)
- Scientists from the wider community, outside the animal-based research sector, are increasingly reporting on the failure of animal models for human patients, including the Editor in Chief of the British Medical Journal and pharmaceutical companies . (patientscampaigningforcures.org)
- Animal Experimentation The use of animals in medical and other research has been a staple of modern scientific progress. (bookrags.com)
- Animal Rights It is only recently, and in response to their perceived mistreatment by humans, especially in processes of industrial agricultural production and scientific research, that rights have be. (bookrags.com)
- If you are a principal investigator planning to use live vertebrate animals for research, research training, or biological testing, this page explains how to adhere to requirements, prepare a strong application, and manage your grant. (nih.gov)
- The PHS definition of research animal use includes production of custom antibodies and animals obtained for their tissues. (nih.gov)
- Read about NIH animal research, policies, and crisis management at OER Animals in Research . (nih.gov)
- If your application receives a fundable overall impact score, have your animal use protocol reviewed and approved by an institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC), which evaluates your institution's animal research program. (nih.gov)
- An animal research application requires a lot of work, so start early, leave time for unanticipated issues, and involve experts in your project from the beginning. (nih.gov)
- Since NIH allows just-in-time IACUC approval of animal use protocols, a PI can move a research project all the way through NIH initial peer review before an IACUC has a chance to see it. (nih.gov)
- It has detailed sections on animals used in farming, as companions, for research and education, for entertainment and sport, as well as policy on wild animals. (winchester.ac.uk)
- This database, created in 2000, is updated every three months with newly published scientific articles, books, and other publications related to improving or safeguarding the welfare of animals used in research. (awionline.org)
- Research primates may undergo surgical procedures making effective pain management essential to ensure good animal welfare and unbiased scientific data. (awionline.org)
- Collaborative semen collection in monkeys is a valuable tool in research, animal collection management, and conservation efforts. (awionline.org)
- Mice and rats have long been favorite animal models for aging research, because they are more closely related to humans than yeast, flies, or worms, and they are easier to study than other mammals because of their relatively small size and short life span. (nih.gov)
- The full potential of rodent models for aging research, however, has been limited by inconsistent reproducibility, which is partly traceable to differences in the environmental conditions the animals experience - laboratory-specific variations in handling, housing, diet, water supply, and noise level, to name a few. (nih.gov)
- 11 July 2012 native methods that might reduce, refine, or replace the use of animals for rabies vaccine potency testing, Accepted 12 July 2012 and to identify research and development efforts to further advance alternative methods. (nih.gov)
Macaques1
- More than 20 y ago, we developed an animal model for chronic and continuous collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from conscious rhesus macaques. (awionline.org)
Species8
- The thought that a pain medicine can be tested on a completely different species with an artificial pain model, eg, sitting an animal on a hot plate in a sterile laboratory environment, and that these can be useful for predicting outcomes in patients with advanced cancer or other diseases, is a depressingly naïve one. (antidote-europe.eu)
- Footnote 2 There have, we acknowledge, been discussions of AI in connection with endangered species and ecosystems, Footnote 3 but we are referring to questions relating to AI's impact on individual animals. (springer.com)
- Information required for ethical review, the choice of animal species, the origin of the animals, animal housing and husbandry, environmental conditions, humane endpoints, whether or not induction of a disease is needed, and the methods for anesthesia or humane killing are discussed. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- 12-23 February 2024: General introduction to animal experimentation, species-specific fish course theory and practical. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- Can it be that the vivisectors are completely unaware of the most simple reality of life and the food chain - that all animal species have different nutritional needs? (healingcancernaturally.com)
- Different species, sexes, and ages of animals are used, and many other important translational factors are considered in the design of studies. (iasp-pain.org)
- Koalas are not the only species that feed on eucalyptus, other animals and insects compete for the same source of food, but some are unable to climb higher to feed on the leaves. (worldatlas.com)
- And today, current understanding of evolutionary biology and complexity science has delivered Trans-Species Modeling Theory , which explains how and why animals fail as predictive models of humans. (patientscampaigningforcures.org)
Scientists9
- The animal kingdom has been helping scientists understand how diseases are transmitted between groups. (euronews.com)
- The use of animal experimentation dates back to the time of the Ancient Greece, where philosophers and scientists such as Aristotle used animal models to better understand the anatomy and biology of a living organism (Hajar, 2011). (umass.edu)
- Scientists are often motivated to maintain high standards of welfare because failure to do so could put the animals in a state of extreme stress. (umass.edu)
- This argument is premised on the recognition of animal agency in the lab, a space where animals, apparatuses, and scientists are all responding and responsible to each other, though in very different ways. (nih.gov)
- Also the scientists can not treat animals in a inhuman or cruel manner or will be fined or arrested for animal abuse. (ipl.org)
- In the 1600s, scientists began using animals as a way to explore the human body which led to many advancements in the medical field. (ipl.org)
- There is a debate on whether or not scientists should test human products on animals. (ipl.org)
- Product scientists have a disregard for the nature of testing animals. (ipl.org)
- Product scientists commonly take action of ill nature in testing animals. (ipl.org)
Aristotle2
- We can trace the issue back all the way to the 4th century when we have the first record of animal experimentation, Aristotle dissecting animals for study. (ipl.org)
- The first references of using animals in scientific purpose appeared in the works of the Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle in the fourth century BC and he "was the first to have made dissections which revealed internal differences among animals" (Laboratory Primate Advocacy Group). (ipl.org)
Veterinary2
- Susan Stover Ph.D. (2008) a member of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons stated the side effects of using chemicals in horse racing for the purpose of winning and experimentation. (wowessays.com)
- Advances in Animal Experimentation and Modeling- Understanding Life Phenomena PDF Download is one of the best veterinary books online. (vet-ebooks.com)
Researchers8
- For the fourth time, animal welfare activists are trying to get the ban approved, but the government and researchers say it "goes too far. (euronews.com)
- Researchers claim they trained the animals to 'identify' the faces of celebrities. (euronews.com)
- It's time that medical researchers were unequivocal in putting human need ahead of animal-welfare concerns. (spiked-online.com)
- At a time when the authorities and even medical researchers seem unwilling to stand up and make an unequivocal case for the importance of animal experimentation, groups like Animal Aid are empowered to spread doubt and suspicion. (spiked-online.com)
- Animal Aid's campaign is a rehash of the same old anthropomorphic, misanthropic arguments: mice are being 'tortured in water mazes', zebrafish are being 'mutilated', pigs are being 'sacrificed' all for no real reason except seemingly to satisfy the perverse pleasure of sadistic medical researchers. (spiked-online.com)
- In more recent times, researchers have used animal models to improve their understanding of how manipulating body systems with drugs or therapies can alter the health and well-being of the organism. (umass.edu)
- As part of the NIH s Complement-ARIE strategic planning working group, the Office of Strategic Coordination ( Common Fund ) intends to publish a prize competition announcement to solicit entries for new methods and approaches that would complement, make more efficient, or, in some cases, replace traditional animal models, transforming the way biomedical researchers conduct basic, translational, and clinical sciences. (nih.gov)
- Their is no reason to test animals if it could mislead researchers from breakthroughs. (ipl.org)
Ethical7
- Many animal rights groups, such as PETA, or the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, take a strong stance against the use of animals in laboratories (peta.org, n.d. (umass.edu)
- Animals must be used in cases when ethical considerations prevent the use of human subjects. (ipl.org)
- PETA also known as People for the Ethical Treatment of the Animals (2014) conducted an undercover investigation on the laboratory of Philip Morris, an international cigarette manufacturing company. (wowessays.com)
- As a conclusion, animal experimentation is not an ethical because it makes the animals suffer from pain and torture. (wowessays.com)
- But as we begin to unravel the hidden truth about zoos, we begin to ask ourselves if it is ethical to continue to support places like zoos in keeping innocent animals in captivity. (ipl.org)
- Legal and ethical frameworks for the use of laboratory animals will be discussed. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- Animal experimentation must be conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines. (iasp-pain.org)
Examples2
- Mooallem provides many examples of people who give reasoning as to why we should help preserve these animals. (ipl.org)
- Examples of animal experimentation include the investigation of genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of pathological pain conditions [5]. (iasp-pain.org)
Vivisection1
- I also speak of how this fits into colonizing both 'the other' (Non-white peoples and nature) and how vivisection on non-human animals today is connected to the interlocking system of oppression and suffering that allowed Dr. Sims to repeatedly cut into black female slave's vagina's (without anesthesia, remorse, or regret). (abreezeharper.com)
Cruelty4
- The alleged pervasive animal cruelty that took place at the Envigo breeding facility presented the spark for reform. (animalpetitions.org)
- The first part of the book talks about the way in which we consider ourselves to be outside of and above the animal kingdom, which gives us the impression that our desires and our comfort should come before the most basic needs of other animals, even at the risk of supporting acts of cruelty towards them. (one-voice.fr)
- Cruelty is a sensitive subject to most of us, especially when it involves helpless animals. (bookrags.com)
- Manifestos have policy statements on pet imports and minimum sentencing for animal cruelty cases. (winchester.ac.uk)
Practice1
- See here a recent publication on the standing of good practice in Animal Experimentation and Reproducibility. (swissneuroscience.ch)
Toxicology1
- 2021. Refining procedures within regulatory toxicology studies: Improving animal welfare and data. (awionline.org)
20161
- In July 2016, I downloaded a number of big files from the APHIS website, containing thousands of annual reports filed by animal experimentation facilities from 1999 to 2007. (freegovinfo.info)
Morally2
- Animals matter morally, at least to some degree (Sect. (springer.com)
- Animal Rights Recent concern about the way humans treat animals has spawned a powerful social and political movement driven by the conviction that humans and certain animals are similar in morally s. (bookrags.com)
Biology7
- Where are animal models insufficient to answer questions about human biology and disease? (nih.gov)
- See here a recent article in Current Biology on the need of Animal experimentation. (swissneuroscience.ch)
- Advances in Animal Experimentation and Modeling- Understanding Life Phenomena PDF updates our knowledge about the newer technologies such as molecular biology, genomics including sequencing, proteomics, transcriptomics, cell culture, stem cell culture, transgenesis and their translation to understand systematics and phylogeny of laboratory animals at molecular level. (vet-ebooks.com)
- However, due to the differences in biology, immune systems and physiology, transplants performed in animals can only give misleading results as to how transplants will work in humans. (healingcancernaturally.com)
- In compliance with Law no. 413 of 12 October 1993, "Rules on conscientious objection to animal testing", the Academic Board of the Department of Biology grants students the unchallenged right to conscientious objection, exempting them from educational activities that include the use of live or dead animals, extending the exemption to the latter category beyond statutory provisions. (unimi.it)
- Students of degree programmes coordinated by the Academic Board of the Department of Biology of the University of Milan can express their conscientious objection to animal testing at any time during the programme, using the attached form. (unimi.it)
- These NAMs are intended to more accurately model human biology, and that would complement, or in some cases, replace traditional animal models, transforming the way we do basic, translational, and clinical sciences. (nih.gov)
20212
- 30 April 2021: Read an excellent article on how to communicate about animal experimentation from Prof. Hottiger, UNIZH, here . (swissneuroscience.ch)
- You are reporting record '2021-2022 - Emails re: Primate Experimentation & Disposition' . (riseforanimals.org)
Vertebrate animals3
- When you apply for NIAID funding, you need to answer the four points in the Vertebrate Animals Section (VAS) of your grant application. (nih.gov)
- Find guidance on completing the VAS in the Worksheet for Review of the Vertebrate Animal Section (PDF) and OLAW's 30-minute training module on how to Complete the Vertebrate Animals Section (VAS) . (nih.gov)
- Foreign assurances last up to five years and may be renewed only for current or pending awards involving vertebrate animals. (nih.gov)
Investigation4
- A beagle-breeding farm in Cumberland, Virginia recently ignited outrage when an undercover investigation revealed alleged repeated violations of the Animal Welfare Act. (animalpetitions.org)
- On April 21, the Humane Society released a seven-month secret investigation alleging thousands of cases of animal suffering and death at an animal testing lab headquartered in West Lafayette. (hsmcohio.com)
- On April 21, HSUS released a report detailing an investigation involving an undercover agent at Inotiv Inc.'s Mount Vernon, Indiana, facility who was allegedly assigned to more than 70 toxicity studies involving approximately 6,000 animals. (hsmcohio.com)
- Investigation of home cage behavior or the performance of voluntary motivational tasks like wheel running can give insights into the well-being of animals. (iasp-pain.org)
Closely related1
- In addition, McKinnon also argued that animal experimentation was closely related to utilitarianism. (wowessays.com)
Legislation3
- Animal testing for cosmetics could go ahead under new proposals due to confusing legislation. (euronews.com)
- The first major legislation to protect animals was the Animal Welfare Act, which was published in 1966 (Favre, 2002). (umass.edu)
- Crustaceans of the order decapoda , such as lobsters and crabs, are protected in the animal welfare legislation of some countries because there is evidence suggesting that they are probably sentient [ 12 , 13 ]. (springer.com)
20221
- Laurent Bègue-Shankland, Professor of Social Psychology at Grenoble-Alpes University, has recently published a book on our relationships with other animals ( Face aux animaux , Odile Jacob, 2022 ). (one-voice.fr)
Pain and distress2
- Animal testing in the United States provides minimal benefits for the amount of pain and distress animals must endure. (ipl.org)
- During the decision making of whether an experiment is justified by an independent institutional review board, the likely pain and distress experienced by animals will be minimized and weighed against the potential scientific benefits. (iasp-pain.org)
Suffer3
- No animal should suffer for beauty,' says McCartney. (euronews.com)
- By placing few animals to suffer, the results will eventually benefit many people. (wowessays.com)
- Animal Testing: Crucial/Cruel' 'I wonder whether those who object (to animal testing) to finding a higher solution for a major health problem would prefer to see a women continue to suffer and die fr. (bookrags.com)
PETA1
- PETA) I loved animals always. (ipl.org)
Methods8
- While this law, which is enforced by the USDA and APHIS, improved animal well-being by dictating and enforcing the proper use, housing, and methods of acquisition for many animals, it does have some major pitfalls. (umass.edu)
- They leave no room for validated animal-free methods to be used. (nzavs.org.nz)
- This is also why animal-free methods are often required to be validated against animal-based methods before they are accepted by regulators. (nzavs.org.nz)
- Reduction refers to methods that minimize the number of animals used in an experiment without undermining the scientific aims. (iasp-pain.org)
- Ask senior institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) members to validate your ideas and methods. (nih.gov)
- PETA's shareholder resolutions have been a powerful means of influencing the management, boards, and investors of companies engaged in animal testing and of encouraging those businesses to develop and implement non-animal test methods. (peta.org)
- Contributing data for use in projects to verify that non-animal methods can replace animal tests (This information is required before government regulators will accept non-animal methods. (peta.org)
- To address the availability and validation status of alternative contributed to the regulatory acceptance of over 50 alternative test methods that might further reduce, refine, and replace animal use methods [2] . (nih.gov)
Human18
- The Complement-ARIE Challenge seeks to propel the development and refinement of human-centric New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), by developing approaches that complement or replace animal models. (nih.gov)
- The bigger issue is that the anatomic, metabolic, and cellular differences between animals and people make animals poor models for human beings. (ipl.org)
- Antidote Europe (AE): At what point in your medical training did you begin to question the value of animal models with respect to human medicine? (antidote-europe.eu)
- Testing a drug or treatment on an animal, in order to ascertain if it is safe and effective for use in the human body, is not science. (antidote-europe.eu)
- Human beings are animals after all. (wowessays.com)
- Since humans are animals, their right to live must not be taken away or exploited for the means of obtaining human good. (wowessays.com)
- Decision-makers are hesitant to step away from the status quo and embrace animal-free and human-relevant science. (nzavs.org.nz)
- It is easier to publish animal-based papers than human-based ones as generally they take less time, often cost less, and ethics approval is easier to get. (nzavs.org.nz)
- Testing human products on animals should not be allowed. (ipl.org)
- One much more significant, and more immediately present, issue has, however, been almost entirely neglected: AI's impact on non-human animals. (springer.com)
- First, humans are also members of the kingdom Animalia , so it would be more accurate to refer to the beings we are discussing as "non-human animals," but henceforth, for brevity, we shall simply use "animal" to refer to all animals other than humans. (springer.com)
- True to form, the vivisectors have used this fact to justify receiving grant money to study human nutrition in laboratory animals. (healingcancernaturally.com)
- How closely an animal model resembles facets of the human condition is important. (iasp-pain.org)
- Patients Campaigning For Cures The PR company for animal experimentation fails science AND morality, for human patients! (patientscampaigningforcures.org)
- 138 MPs, to date, are now calling for UAR to submit the name of their scientist for a rigorous public medical debate - overseen by independent experts from the relevant fields of science - about false claims that laboratory animal models can predict the responses of human patients. (patientscampaigningforcures.org)
- To some, animals have no rights and are merely a form of property that exists only to fulfill human needs. (bookrags.com)
- With the general election taking place on 8 June, Dr Steven McCulloch, Lecturer in Human-Animal Studies based in the Centre for Animal Welfare at the University, looks at the policies related to animal welfare set out in the political parties' manifestos. (winchester.ac.uk)
- A bill for regulation of scientific experimentation upon human beings and animals in District of Columbia. (nih.gov)
Laboratory animal5
- This general introduction to laboratory animal science is complemented by a specific theoretical and practical program on the use of fish as experimental animals. (universiteitleiden.nl)
- In seven sections Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena resolves issues of conservation, applications in environment monitoring, production of drugs and others. (vet-ebooks.com)
- Exploration in Laboratory Animal Sciences Understanding Life Phenomena also discusses the manipulation of animals as factories for the production of safe foods, drugs, and sensors and others to meet the contemporary challenges faced by mankind in the new world order created by pandemic of Covid 19. (vet-ebooks.com)
- To receive an award, you must have IACUC approval, and your institution must have an Animal Welfare Assurance approved by the NIH Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW). (nih.gov)
- It's also a good idea to find out if your institution has animal facilities accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC). (nih.gov)
Fails1
- Animal Aid's report Victims of Charity , which supposedly provides the evidence base that lends support to its advertising campaign, fails miserably in its attempt to suggest that animal 'suffering' should be prioritised over trying to find a cure for cancer or Alzheimer's. (spiked-online.com)
Welfare activists1
- In contrast, animal welfare activists countered Descartes' philosophical belief by stating that animals can feel pain, pleasure, grief and anger. (wowessays.com)
Strongly2
- On the other hand, I'm very strongly against experimentation for frivolities - makeup, for example. (blogspot.com)
- sample answer: introduction: Animal experimentation is a very difficult issue with lots of people feeling very strongly about it. (ieltsfever.org)
Myriad1
- These animals are impacted by government policy in myriad ways, and Brexit has serious implications for billions of sentient animals going forward. (winchester.ac.uk)
Scientific1
- On the odd occasion when a result was predicted in animal models this was coincidental, not the result of a scientific process. (antidote-europe.eu)
Evident2
- Animal suffering is evident before the event of bullfight. (wowessays.com)
- It is clearly evident that animal experimentation is an ongoing debate as to whether or not it is necessary for the well-being of humanity. (bookrags.com)
Conclusion1
- The structure of the paper forms a series of step-by-step arguments, leading to the conclusion that there needs to be AI ethics concerning animals. (springer.com)
Relation1
- As the general election nears, I'm taking a look at each of the party manifestos in turn and offer an overview of their policies in relation to animal welfare. (winchester.ac.uk)
Relevance1
- Animal experimentation and its relevance to man. (nih.gov)
Switzerland1
- Will Switzerland become the first country to ban animal testing? (euronews.com)
Sentient7
- They are regarded as sentient, suffering beings because they lack the ability to speak and express their thoughts and feelings which made them extremely vulnerable to exploitations and animal abuse. (wowessays.com)
- While the range of issues and groups of stakeholders concerned by the field of AI ethics is expanding, with speculation about whether it extends even to the machines themselves, there is a group of sentient beings who are also affected by AI, but are rarely mentioned within the field of AI ethics-the nonhuman animals. (springer.com)
- We will discuss, in what follows, the moral significance of our limited knowledge of the extent to which various kinds of animals are sentient. (springer.com)
- The Animal Welfare Party vision is a world where animals are not exploited and are treated as sentient beings. (winchester.ac.uk)
- Humans therefore have a duty to respect the interests of sentient animals. (winchester.ac.uk)
- In addition to the progressive policy positions on sentient animals, the Animal Welfare Party has policy statements in staple domestic and foreign policy areas. (winchester.ac.uk)
- In Conservative policy, sentient animals are not part of the community, but are part of the economy. (winchester.ac.uk)
Subject2
- To start up, I thought I might begin with a light and cheerful subject - animal experimentation. (blogspot.com)
- Given the subject matter of the blog, I also cover the Animal Welfare Party. (winchester.ac.uk)
Concerning animal welfare2
- These include Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) reports concerning animal welfare at zoos, circuses, aquariums, puppy mills, etc., as well as their archive of annual reports filed by facilities that experiment on animals. (freegovinfo.info)
- On February 3, 2017, with absolutely no warning, the USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) deleted its database of reports concerning animal welfare at zoos, circuses, aquariums, puppy mills, etc., as well as their archive of annual reports filed by facilities that experiment on animals. (freegovinfo.info)
Time4
- Shelters have a kill list to where the animal will get euthanized in a period of time. (ipl.org)
- Probiotics are often commonly called "lactic yeasts" and their positive properties in the diet of animals and humans have been known for a long time, even though only recently their physiological action has begun to be scientifically evaluated and analyzed. (turval.com)
- Yet in that vast amount of time we have done nothing to learn how to take care of these animals and figure out what makes them tick. (somethingawful.com)
- Please note that at this time, only publications dated 2010 or later (with some exceptions) can be filtered by Animal Type and Topic. (awionline.org)
Reduction1
- Farming practices associated with poor welfare are to be phased out, as is animal experimentation , with binding targets for reduction. (winchester.ac.uk)
Ethically1
- 2 Why do animals matter ethically? (springer.com)
Traditionally1
- The SSN has traditionally invested itself in raising awareness and educating its membership in the debate about animal experimentation. (swissneuroscience.ch)
Experiment2
- From that point on when I was told an animal experiment was essential, my experience had taught me to start questioning this. (antidote-europe.eu)
- The second part of the book discusses an experiment carried out to study the way in which supporting science and profit prospects for humans can be the reason why most people put their empathy to one side to inflict suffering upon an animal . (one-voice.fr)
Humans and animals1
- Not only does the testing on these animals do more harm than good, but also humans and animals are not physically and genetically the same. (ipl.org)
Captivity1
- I am pro animal testing because animals repopulate In the wild and in captivity so,testing won't hurt. (ipl.org)
Study3
- These animals are subjected to inhale smoke for 90 consecutive days before dissecting them for post mortem study. (wowessays.com)
- Further investigations and study relating to animal experimentation are also found in the horse racing industry. (wowessays.com)
- reproduce the basic characteristics of fish development, anatomy, physiology and the immune system and can explain how these features affect the results of an animal study. (universiteitleiden.nl)
Engage1
- All were willing to put forward statements about the importance of animal testing and engage in a debate, but they often came across as unnecessarily apologetic and defensive. (spiked-online.com)
APHIS1
- via Deleted APHIS Annual Reports From Animal-Experimentation Facilities - The Memory Hole 2 . (freegovinfo.info)
Innocent animals1
- The passage of the Beagle Bills will help ensure a better life not only for these innocent animals but for all four-legged Virginians. (animalpetitions.org)
Essay1
- In this essay I am going to discuss the views on either side of animal testing, I will also give my own personal views and what I consider to be right or wrong. (bookrags.com)
Models2
- Animal models of injury and diseases have been developed to investigate pain processes and potential treatments. (iasp-pain.org)
- Several animal models mimicking many acute and chronic pain conditions have been developed. (iasp-pain.org)
20171
- General election 2017: what do political party manifestos pledge on animal welfare policy? (winchester.ac.uk)
Replace1
- Available funding is a huge problem (mentioned above), and the absence of a unified direction is another - there is no overarching strategy to replace the use of animals in science wherever possible. (nzavs.org.nz)
People8
- They help us to further our knowledge of how people and animals function and to find out more about how certain diseases develop and how they can be treated or cured. (uu.nl)
- New analysis published Thursday of a 5000-year-old cow skull with holes drilled into it suggest Neolithic people practiced brain surgery on animals before trying it on humans. (euronews.com)
- Using animals prevents people from dying and could save more depending on the medicine being tested. (ipl.org)
- Some people know what happens to those animals and they don't want to face what happens. (ipl.org)
- Animal experimentation is often perceived as justified - that the death of a few hundred mice is worth it if it's going to save people. (nzavs.org.nz)
- people use animals for drug testing? (ipl.org)
- We use a broader definition than most other people have in recent years because we believe the issue of animal ethics applies to all these systems [ 6 ]. (springer.com)
- The enormous amount of money wasted on attempting heart transplants in animals could have been used in clinical studies of people with heart disease, surveys studying the effects of diet and lifestyle on heart disease and in educating the public about prevention. (healingcancernaturally.com)