Aniline Mustard: Alkylating anti-neoplastic agent.Aniline CompoundsMustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).Mustard Plant: Any of several BRASSICA species that are commonly called mustard. Brassica alba is white mustard, B. juncea is brown or Chinese mustard, and B. nigra is black, brown, or red mustard. The plant is grown both for mustard seed from which oil is extracted or used as SPICES, and for its greens used as VEGETABLES or ANIMAL FEED. There is no relationship to MUSTARD COMPOUNDS.Butterflies: Slender-bodies diurnal insects having large, broad wings often strikingly colored and patterned.Correspondence as Topic: Communication between persons or between institutions or organizations by an exchange of letters. Its use in indexing and cataloging will generally figure in historical and biographical material.Archaeology: The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.Forensic Sciences: Disciplines that apply sciences to law. Forensic sciences include a wide range of disciplines, such as FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY; FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY; FORENSIC MEDICINE; FORENSIC DENTISTRY; and others.Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Entomology: A discipline or occupation concerned with the study of INSECTS, including the biology and the control of insects.Education, Graduate: Studies beyond the bachelor's degree at an institution having graduate programs for the purpose of preparing for entrance into a specific field, and obtaining a higher degree.Cyclization: Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.4-Quinolones: QUINOLONES containing a 4-oxo (a carbonyl in the para position to the nitrogen). They inhibit the A subunit of DNA GYRASE and are used as antimicrobials. Second generation 4-quinolones are also substituted with a 1-piperazinyl group at the 7-position and a fluorine at the 6-position.Copper: A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.Curriculum: A course of study offered by an educational institution.Alkynes: Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.Smell: The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS.Chemical Warfare: Tactical warfare using incendiary mixtures, smokes, or irritant, burning, or asphyxiating gases.Organotin Compounds: Organic compounds which contain tin in the molecule. Used widely in industry and agriculture.Ethylene Dichlorides: Toxic, chlorinated, saturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. The latter is considerably more toxic. It has a sweet taste, ethereal odor and has been used as a fumigant and intoxicant among sniffers. Has many household and industrial uses.Chemical Warfare Agents: Chemicals that are used to cause the disturbance, disease, or death of humans during WARFARE.United States Government Agencies: Agencies of the FEDERAL GOVERNMENT of the United States.Radiochemistry: The study of the chemical and physical phenomena of radioactive substances.Nitracrine: Acridine antineoplastic agent used in mammary and ovarian tumors. It inhibits RNA synthesis.Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.Leukemia: A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)Carbapenems: A group of beta-lactam antibiotics in which the sulfur atom in the thiazolidine ring of the penicillin molecule is replaced by a carbon atom. THIENAMYCINS are a subgroup of carbapenems which have a sulfur atom as the first constituent of the side chain.Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Cell Survival: The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.Cell Line, Tumor: A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.Reference Books, Medical: Books in the field of medicine intended primarily for consultation.Libraries, MedicalCaliforniaPoint-of-Care Systems: Laboratory and other services provided to patients at the bedside. These include diagnostic and laboratory testing using automated information entry.Internal Medicine: A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organ systems of adults.Information Storage and Retrieval: Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.Academic Medical Centers: Medical complexes consisting of medical school, hospitals, clinics, libraries, administrative facilities, etc.Water Pollutants: Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet: Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Water Pollutants, Chemical: Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.Environmental Pollutants: Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)Air Pollutants: Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Hearing Loss: A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.Hearing Loss, Sensorineural: Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced: Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.Hearing: The ability or act of sensing and transducing ACOUSTIC STIMULATION to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. It is also called audition.Hearing Tests: Part of an ear examination that measures the ability of sound to reach the brain.Hearing Aids: Wearable sound-amplifying devices that are intended to compensate for impaired hearing. These generic devices include air-conduction hearing aids and bone-conduction hearing aids. (UMDNS, 1999)Hearing Loss, Bilateral: Partial hearing loss in both ears.
Bystander killing of tumour cells by antibody-targeted enzymatic activation of a glucuronide prodrug. (1/14)
RHI-betaG-PEG, formed by linking poly(ethylene glycol)-modified beta-glucuronidase to Mab RH1, was employed to examine bystander killing of antigen-negative N1S1 rat hepatoma cells by activation of a glucuronide prodrug (BHAMG) of p-hydroxyaniline mustard (pHAM) at antigen-positive AS-30D rat hepatoma cells. Sequential treatment of cells with 10 microg ml(-1) RH1-betaG-PEG and 20 microM BHAMG was not toxic to N1S1 cells but killed 99% of AS-30D cells. Over 98% of N1S1 cells, however, were killed in mixed populations containing as few as 2% AS-30D cells after identical treatment, demonstrating an in vitro bystander effect. Subcutaneous injection of AS-30D and N1S1 cells in BALB/c nu/nu mice produced solid tumours containing both cells. Uptake of radiolabelled RH1-betaG-PEG in solid AS-30D and mixed AS-30D/N1S1 tumours was 11.6 and 9.3 times greater than a control antibody conjugate 120 h after i.v. injection. Intravenous treatment with RH1-betaG-PEG and BHAMG cured seven of seven nude mice bearing solid s.c. AS-30D tumours and significantly delayed, compared with control conjugate and prodrug treatment, the growth of mixed N1S1/AS-30D tumours with one cure, showing that targeted activation of BHAMG kills bystander tumour cells in vivo. (+info)A rationally designed genotoxin that selectively destroys estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. (2/14)
We describe a novel strategy to increase the selective toxicity of genotoxic compounds. The strategy involves the synthesis of bifunctional molecules capable of forming DNA adducts that have high affinity for specific proteins in target cells. It is proposed that the association of such proteins with damaged sites in DNA can compromise protein function and/or DNA repair resulting in increased toxicity. We describe the synthesis of a bifunctional compound consisting of an aniline mustard linked to the 7alpha position of estradiol. This novel compound can form covalent DNA adducts that have high affinity for the estrogen receptor. Breast cancer cells that express high levels of the estrogen receptor showed increased sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of the new compound. (+info)Quantitation of bystander effects in nitroreductase suicide gene therapy using three-dimensional cell cultures. (3/14)
The efficacy of cancer gene therapy depends critically on "bystander effects" by which genetic modification of tumor cells results in killing of unmodified cells in the local microenvironment. In gene-dependent enzyme-prodrug therapy, expression of a prodrug-activating suicide gene is used to generate a cytotoxic metabolite that diffuses to nontransduced cells. The objective of this study was to develop a physiologically relevant tissue culture model for quantifying bystander effects and to validate the model using as an example the activation of dinitrobenzamide prodrugs (e.g., CB 1954) by Escherichia coli aerobic nitroreductase (NTR). Bystander effects were measured in three-dimensional multilayer cocultures of NTR+ and NTR- cells by determining clonogenic survival curves for both cell types using V79, Skov3, or WiDr as parental cell lines. Bystander killing by CB 1954 was much more efficient in multilayers than monolayers at equivalent cell:medium ratios, whereas the chloromustard analogue of CB 1954 showed even greater efficiency. For a series of dinitrobenzamides, bystander killing in multilayers showed a positive correlation with prodrug lipophilicity and also correlated with the bystander effect in mixed tumor xenografts grown from the same NTR+ and NTR- WiDr cell lines (r(2) = 0.84; P < 0.001). The multilayer model identified a bromomustard prodrug (SN 24927) with superior therapeutic activity to CB 1954 that provided curative activity against WiDr tumors comprising 1:1 mixtures of NTR+ and NTR- cells. This study demonstrates the utility of the multilayer tissue culture model for quantifying and optimizing bystander effects in tumors and identifies a new lead prodrug for NTR gene-dependent enzyme-prodrug therapy. (+info)2-Amino metabolites are key mediators of CB 1954 and SN 23862 bystander effects in nitroreductase GDEPT. (4/14)
An important feature of gene-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy is that prodrug activation can provide diffusible cytotoxic metabolites capable of generating a local bystander effect in tumours. Activation of the aziridinyl dinitrobenzamide CB 1954 by E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) provides a bystander effect assumed to be due to the potently cytotoxic 4-hydroxylamine metabolite. We show that there are four cytotoxic extracellular metabolites of CB 1954 in cultures of NTR-expressing tumour cells (the 2- and 4-hydroxylamines and their corresponding amines). The 4-hydroxylamine is the most cytotoxic in DNA crosslink repair defective cells, but the 2-amino derivative (CB 10-236) is of similar potency to the 4-hydroxylamine in human tumour cell lines. Importantly, CB 10-236 has much superior diffusion properties to the 4-hydroxylamine in multicellular layers grown from the SiHa human cervical carcinoma cell line. These results suggest that the 2-amine, not the 4-hydroxylamine, is the major bystander metabolite when CB 1954 is activated by NTR in tumours. The corresponding dinitrobenzamide nitrogen mustard SN 23862 is reduced by NTR to form a single extracellular metabolite (also the 2-amine), which has superior cytotoxic potency and diffusion properties to the CB 1954 metabolites. These results are consistent with the reported high bystander efficiency of SN 23862 as an NTR prodrug in multicellular layers and tumour xenografts. (+info)Design, synthesis, and evaluation of estradiol-linked genotoxicants as anti-cancer agents. (5/14)
A series of bifunctional compounds was prepared consisting of 17beta estradiol linked to a DNA damaging N,N-bis-(2-chloroethyl)aniline. The objective of our studies was to determine the characteristics of the linker that permitted both reaction with DNA and binding of the resultant covalent adducts to the estrogen receptor. Linker characteristics were pivotal determinants underlying the ability of the compounds to kill selectively breast cancer cells that express the estrogen receptor. (+info)Specific activation of glucuronide prodrugs by antibody-targeted enzyme conjugates for cancer therapy. (6/14)
Cancer chemotherapy may be improved by increasing antineoplastic drug specificity for tumor cells. We have synthesized a glucuronide prodrug that can be enzymatically converted to an antineoplastic agent at tumor cells that are able to bind beta-glucuronidase-monoclonal antibody conjugates. The glucuronide prodrug BHAMG, the tetra-n-butyl ammonium salt of (p-di-2-chloroethylaminophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) uronic acid, was 150 times less toxic than the parent drug, N,N-di-(2-chloroethyl)-4-hydroxyaniline, to HepG2 human hepatoma cells and over 1000-fold less toxic than the parent drug to AS-30D rat hepatoma cells in vitro. In the presence of beta-glucuronidase, BHAMG was activated and became as toxic as the parent drug N,N-di-(2-chloroethyl)4-hydroxyaniline. A conjugate (RH1-beta G) was formed by linking beta-glucuronidase to a monoclonal antibody which binds to an antigen expressed on the surface of AS-30D cells. The concentration of BHAMG causing 50% inhibition of AS-30D cellular protein synthesis was reduced over 1000-fold, from greater than 770 microM to less than 0.74 microM after these cells were preincubated with RH1-beta G. Specificity of BHAMG activation at antigen-positive cells was shown by monoclonal antibody RH1 blocking of RH1-beta G conversion of BHAMG to toxic drug and by the inability of BHAMG to be converted to active drug when antigen-negative control cells were preincubated with RH1-beta G. Our results show that the targeted-beta-glucuronidase activation of BHAMG can increase the specificity of chemotherapy for rat hepatoma in vitro and suggest that the targeted activation of glucuronide prodrugs may be useful for cancer therapy. (+info)A phase I study of single administration of antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy with the recombinant anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibody-enzyme fusion protein MFECP1 and a bis-iodo phenol mustard prodrug. (7/14)
PURPOSE: Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy is a two-stage treatment whereby a tumor-targeted antibody-enzyme complex localizes in tumor for selective conversion of prodrug. The purpose of this study was to establish optimal variables for single administration of MFECP1, a recombinant antibody-enzyme fusion protein of an anti-carcinoembryonic antigen single-chain Fv antibody and the bacterial enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 followed by a bis-iodo phenol mustard prodrug. MFECP1 is manufactured in mannosylated form to facilitate normal tissue elimination. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and tumor localization studies were used to test the hypothesis that MFECP1 localizes in tumor and clears from normal tissue via the liver. Firstly, safety of MFECP1 and a blood concentration of MFECP1 that would avoid systemic prodrug activation were tested. Secondly, dose escalation of prodrug was done. Thirdly, the dose of MFECP1 and timing of prodrug administration were optimized. RESULTS: MFECP1 was safe and well tolerated, cleared rapidly via the liver, and was less immunogenic than previously used products. Eighty-fold dose escalation from the starting dose of prodrug was carried out before dose-limiting toxicity occurred. Confirmation of the presence of enzyme in tumor and DNA interstrand cross-links indicating prodrug activation were obtained for the optimal dose and time point. A total of 28 of 31 patients was evaluable for response, the best response being a 10% reduction of tumor diameter, and 11 of 28 patients had stable disease. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal conditions for effective therapy were established. A study testing repeat treatment is currently being undertaken. (+info)Chemical genetics analysis of an aniline mustard anticancer agent reveals complex I of the electron transport chain as a target. (8/14)
(+info)... cross-linking efficiency and cytotoxicity of DNA-targeted 4-anilinoquinoline aniline mustards". Anticancer Drug Des. 14 (3): ... Before their use in chemotherapy, alkylating agents were better known for their use as sulfur mustard, ("mustard gas") and ... A common myth holds that Goodman and Gilman were prompted to study nitrogen mustards as a potential treatment for cancer ... Goodman, Gilman, and others began studying nitrogen mustards at Yale in 1942, and, following the sometimes dramatic but highly ...
The general method for the formation of isothiocyanates proceeds through the reaction between a primary amine (e.g. aniline) ... These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are also known as mustard oils. An artificial isothiocyanate, ... Vegetable foods with characteristic flavors due to isothiocyanates include wasabi, horseradish, mustard, radish, Brussels ...
... mustard gas MeSH D02.455.526.728.650 --- nitrogen mustard compounds MeSH D02.455.526.728.650.050 --- aniline mustard MeSH ... quinacrine mustard MeSH D02.455.526.728.650.913 --- uracil mustard MeSH D02.455.526.913 --- trihalomethanes MeSH D02.455. ... phosphoramide mustards MeSH D02.455.526.728.650.730.243 --- cyclophosphamide MeSH D02.455.526.728.650.730.243.250 --- ... propylbenzilylcholine mustard MeSH D02.092.877.883.333.780 --- succinylcholine MeSH D02.092.877.883.333.800 --- thiocholine ...
It is also used to prepare the sulfur mustard "gas" by reaction with ethylene at 60 °C (the Levinstein process): S2Cl2 + 2 C2H4 ... 1/8 S8 Anilines react with S2Cl2 in the presence of NaOH via the so-called Herz reaction to give ortho-aminothiophenolates. ...
His research on aniline helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry. His earliest research on coal tar laid the groundwork ... He also examined its derivative, allyl isothiocyanate (mustard oil), in 1868, and studied various other isocyanates and ... Hofmann drew an analogy between aniline and ammonia. He wanted to convince chemists that organic bases could be described in ... In 1863, Hofmann showed that aniline blue is a triphenyl derivative of rosaniline and discovered that different alkyl groups ...
Otherwise known as L-phenylalanine mustard, or L-PAM, melphalan is a phenylalanine derivative of mechlorethamine. Melphalan ... Catalytic hydrogenation produced the corresponding aniline. Heating in acid with oxirane, followed by treatment with phosphorus ... is a chemotherapy drug belonging to the class of nitrogen mustard alkylating agents. An alkylating agent adds an alkyl group ( ...
Thousands permanently damaged by eating industrial colza oil denatured with aniline and sold as olive oil. There was strong ... 1998 - In New Delhi, India, edible mustard oil adulterated with Argemone mexicana seed oil caused epidemic dropsy in thousands ...
First reliable synthesis of pure sulfur mustard (1886, also see Meyer's account on sulfur mustard) Coining of the concepts of ... the molar mass of diethyl ether was determined experimentally at 72 g/mol and that for aniline 93 g/mol. Chisholm 1911, p. 349 ...
aniline Aniline dyes or basic dyes are a class of synthetic dyes derived from coal tar, first discovered in the 19th century. ... Dried safflower blossoms can be used to produce yellow, mustard, khaki, olive green and red colors. Cotton tape dyed red with ... mauveine Mauveine or aniline purple was the first synthetic organic chemical dye. mignonette Same as weld. mordant A mordant is ... Because of poor colorfastness, aniline dyes are seldom used with textiles today. archil Archil is a dye produced from the ...
Aldrin Allyl alcohol Allylamine Aluminum phosphide Aminopterin Amiton Amiton oxalate Ammonia Amphetamine Aniline Aniline, 2,4,6 ... 3-chloropropyl octyl Sulfur dioxide Sulfur mustard Sulfur tetrafluoride Sulfur trioxide Sulfuric acid Tabun Tellurium Tellurium ... Methylmercuric dicyanamide Methyltrichlorosilane Metolcarb Mevinphos Mexacarbate Mitomycin C Monocrotophos Muscimol Mustard gas ...
Nitrogen mustards arose from the derivatization of sulphur mustard gas after military personnel exposed to it during World War ... aromatic mustards like chlorambucil were introduced as less toxic alkylating agents than the aliphatic nitrogen mustards, ... Anilines. *Organochlorides. *Nitrogen mustards. *World Health Organization essential medicines. Hidden categories: *CS1 maint: ... With an acceptable therapeutic index in humans, nitrogen mustards were first introduced in the clinic in 1946.[17] Aliphatic ...
... volatile Angelicin plus ultraviolet A radiation Aniline para-Anisidine Anthanthrene Anthracene Anthranilic acid Antimony ... N-Nitrosoproline Nitrotoluenes 5-Nitro-ortho-toluidine Nitrovin Nodularins Nylon 6 Oestradiol mustard Opisthorchis felineus ( ...
Hoffmann's mustard oil test Isothiocyanate CS2 and HgCl2 are used. Thiocyanate smells like mustard. ... Solvation effects also dominate the basicity of aromatic amines (anilines). For anilines, the lone pair of electrons on ... G. M. Wójcik "Structural Chemistry of Anilines" in Anilines (Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups), S. Patai, Ed. 2007, Wiley ... Similarly aniline is more basic than ammonia in the gas phase, but ten thousand times less so in aqueous solution.[11] ...
Always a medievalist at heart, Morris loathed the colors produced by the fashionable aniline dyes. He spent much of his time at ... dark mustard yellow) Himalayan rhubarb root (yellow) Indigofera plant (blue) Kamala tree (red) Larkspur plant (yellow) Madder ... The development of new, strongly colored aniline dyes followed quickly: a range of reddish-purples, blues, violets, greens and ... an aniline dye derived from coal tar. Alizarin, the red dye present in madder, was the first natural pigment to be duplicated ...
... based mainly on aniline and using petroleum or coal tar as the raw stock. Klaus Hunger, Peter Mischke, Wolfgang Rieper, ... mustard, jellies, and wine. Originally, these were dubbed 'coal-tar' colors because the starting materials were obtained from ...
Allyl isothiocyanate (mustard, radish, horseradish, wasabi). *AM404. *Bradykinin. *Cannabichromene (cannabis). *Cannabidiol ( ... Nimesulide; Aminophenols (anilines): Acetanilide. *AM-404 (N-arachidonoylaminophenol). *Bucetin. *Paracetamol (acetaminophen). ...
The general method for the formation of isothiocyanates proceeds through the reaction between a primary amine (e.g. aniline) ... These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are also known as mustard oils. An artificial isothiocyanate, ... mustard, radish, Brussels sprouts, watercress, papaya seeds, nasturtiums, and capers.[1] These species generate isothiocyanates ...
Hawley SA, Fullerton MD, Ross FA, Schertzer JD, Chevtzoff C, Walker KJ, Peggie MW, Zibrova D, Green KA, Mustard KJ, Kemp BE, ... Nimesulide; Aminophenols (anilines): Acetanilide. *AM-404 (N-arachidonoylaminophenol). *Bucetin. *Paracetamol (acetaminophen). ...
Fuchsine and aniline became the company's most important products.[citation needed] The headquarters and most production ...
Hoffmann's mustard oil test Isothiocyanate CS2 and HgCl2 are used. Thiocyanate smells like mustard. ... Solvation effects also dominate the basicity of aromatic amines (anilines). For anilines, the lone pair of electrons on ... G. M. Wójcik "Structural Chemistry of Anilines" in Anilines (Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups), S. Patai, Ed. 2007, Wiley ... Similarly aniline is more basic than ammonia in the gas phase, but ten thousand times less so in aqueous solution.[11] ...
Allyl isothiocyanate (mustard, radish, horseradish, wasabi). *AM404. *Bradykinin. *Cannabichromene (cannabis). *Cannabidiol ( ... Nimesulide; Aminophenols (anilines): Acetanilide. *AM-404 (N-arachidonoylaminophenol). *Bucetin. *Paracetamol (acetaminophen). ...
Anilines react with S2Cl2 in the presence of NaOH via the so-called Herz reaction to give ortho-aminothiophenolates. These ... It is also used to prepare the sulfur mustard "gas" by reaction with ethylene at 60 °C (the Levinstein process): ...
Other names: Benzenamine, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-; Aniline, N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-; N,N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)aniline; «beta»,« ... beta»-Dichlorodiethylaniline; N,N-Di(2-chloroethyl)aniline; Lymphochin; Lymphocin; Lymphoquin; NCS-18429; A 14489; CB 1074; ...
... cross-linking efficiency and cytotoxicity of DNA-targeted 4-anilinoquinoline aniline mustards". Anticancer Drug Des. 14 (3): ... Before their use in chemotherapy, alkylating agents were better known for their use as sulfur mustard, ("mustard gas") and ... A common myth holds that Goodman and Gilman were prompted to study nitrogen mustards as a potential treatment for cancer ... Goodman, Gilman, and others began studying nitrogen mustards at Yale in 1942, and, following the sometimes dramatic but highly ...
Mustard plants are able to defend themselves against voracious caterpillars before these emerge from their eggs. As butterflies ... A reaction using light and two transition-metal catalysts to make anilines. Aug 06, 2020 ... Mustard plants on which the large cabbage white lays eggs and which get eaten up produce more seeds than plants where no eggs ... Mustard plants have double defence against insect pests More information: "Early herbivore alert matters: plant-mediated ...
Prevention of blindness.- -Aniline poisoning. -Immigration,/p,. ,p class=MsoNormal style=margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: ... Treatment of mustard-gas poisoning.. -Conference on medico-military administration. -Illegitimacy in Norway.. - ...
These include aniline mustard analogs of antineoplaston A10 and Mannich bases of antineoplaston A10.[11,12] These analogs ...
... aniline mustard, chlorambucil,melphalan).. One class of nitrogen mustards is the aniline mustards. These compound have at least ... A specific aniline mustard group is the acridine carried aniline mustards (described in Gravatt, et al., J. Med. Chem. 34:1552 ... 1. structure-activity relationhips for acridine-linked aniline mustards: consequences of varying the reactivity of the mustard ... An example of the components of a 9-aminoacridine carried aniline mustard appears below (where X is the linking group): ##STR5# ...
... mustard and medicine; as an ingredient and preservative of tobacco; in soaps and cosmetics; in the extraction of perfume from ... flowers; to impart elasticity to paper; in the preparation of leather; as a solvent for certain aniline colors; in the ... in the production of artificial oil of mustard; in the preparation of certain cements, and of copying-ink and blotting-pads; in ...
The general method for the formation of isothiocyanates proceeds through the reaction between a primary amine (e.g. aniline) ... These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are also known as mustard oils. An artificial isothiocyanate, ... Vegetable foods with characteristic flavors due to isothiocyanates include wasabi, horseradish, mustard, radish, Brussels ...
These include aniline mustard analogs of antineoplaston A10 and Mannich bases of antineoplaston A10.[11,12] These analogs ...
Cellular response to 11[beta]-dichloro, a novel aniline mustard-estradienone, in various prostate cancer cell lines ...
Mustard Gas Sarin Benzene Chlorine Acetone Alcohol Class Aniline class Carbon Disulphide Carbon Tetrachloride Cloroform Methyl ...
These include aniline mustard analogs of antineoplaston A10 and Mannich bases of antineoplaston A10. These analogs showed ... Nitrogen Mustard Nitrogen Mustard Nivolumab Nizoral® Nolvadex® Novantrone® Nplate® ...
B. I. Fedeles, A. Y. Zhu, K. S. Young et al., "Chemical genetics analysis of an aniline mustard anticancer agent reveals ... Preparation of Benzaldehyde Nitrogen Mustard-2-Pyridine Carboxyl Acid Hydrazone (BNMPH). Benzaldehyde nitrogen mustard-2- ... Nitrogen mustard as alkylating agent is one of the most useful drugs in cancer chemotherapy. Due to the lack of selectivity and ... demonstrated that nitrogen mustard can inhibit transcription and translation in a cell free system [32]. We also observed Taq ...
aniline mustard*butyryl coa dehydrogenase*dianisidine*1 naphthylisothiocyanate*cyclic cmp*placental extracts*proflavine* ... Comparative study on the mutagenicity of three structurally related substituted aniline mustards in the Salmonella/microsome ...
Anilines react with S2Cl2 in the presence of NaOH via the so-called Herz reaction to give ortho-aminothiophenolates. These ... It is also used to prepare the sulfur mustard "gas" by reaction with ethylene at 60 °C (the Levinstein process): ...
Find out information about aniline poisoning. a morbid condition caused by the action of poison on the body and accompanied by ... Another cause is immoderate or improper use of cotton, mustard, or other oilcake fodders containing traces of toxins. The ... Aniline poisoning , Article about aniline poisoning by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/aniline+ ... redirected from aniline poisoning). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical. Poisoning. a morbid condition caused by the ...
... a derivative of AHMA and N-mustard, has selective toxicity to drug sensitive and drug resistant leukemia cells and solid tumors ... a derivative of AHMA and N-mustard, has selective toxicity to drug sensitive and drug resistant leukemia cells and solid tumors ... 04/18/2009 - "This is a preclinical study of BO-0742, a derivative of 3-(9-acridinylamino)-5-hydroxymethyl-aniline (AHMA) and N ... 04/18/2009 - "BO-0742, a derivative of AHMA and N-mustard, has selective toxicity to drug sensitive and drug resistant leukemia ...
Mustard-Lewisite Mixture (HL) -- Blister Agents: Sulfur Mustard Agent H/HD, Sulfur Mustard Agent HT -- Boron -- ... Acetone -- Acrolein -- Acrylamide -- Acrylonitrile -- Aldrin/Dieldrin -- Aluminum -- Americium -- Ammonia -- Aniline -- ... Sulfur Mustard -- Sulfur Trioxide & Sulfuric Acid -- Synthetic Vitreous Fibers -- 1,1,1-Trichloroethane -- 1,1,2,2- ... Blister Agents HN-1HN-2HN-3 Nitrogen Mustards -- Blister Agents: Lewisite (L), ...
... an aniline dye. A bright yellow color in powdered and prepared mustard, extract of lemon, noodles, etc., shows artificial ... an aniline dye. A bright yellow color in powdered and prepared mustard, extract of lemon, noodles, etc., shows artificial ... After boiling five minutes or more, remove the wool and if aniline dye was present, it is now held in solution in the water by ... Boil again and the second piece of wool will be dyed a brilliant color if an ani-line dye was present. The above test would ...
Poisonous substances and gases aconite, acrolein, adamsite, afterdamp, Agent Orange, aldrin, allyl alcohol, aniline, antimony ... mustard gas, nerve gas, nitrogen dioxide, osmium tetroxide, ouabain, oxalic acid, Paraquat, Paris green, phenol, phosgene, ...
aniline mustard. An alkylating mustard with antineoplastic activity. Aniline mustard forms covalent linkages with nucleophilic ...
Allyl isothiocyanate (arugula, broccoli, mustard)-mutagen and rodent carcinogen Aniline (carrots)-rodent carcinogen ...
N,N-DIMETHYL-p-(PHENYLAZO)ANILINE. N,N-DIMETHYL-p-(m-TOLYLAZO)ANILINE. ...
DyesSulfur mustardsCompoundsSulphur mustardDerivativesBenzenePhosphoramide mustardSaltsPhenylAromaticUracilChlorambucilAlkylOilsBrassicaPyridineAmmoniaAntitumor activityStarchCastorReactiveCruciferaeAcetanilideHydrochloric acidAllyl isothiocyanateAgentSodiumWashing powderProducesQuantitiesRespiratoryReactionSeedsHumansAgentsBoneOilyToxinsEffectsExposureMadeTreatmentSmall
- Many bright orange lipsticks derive their color from aniline dyes, but our formula only uses natural colorants. (portlandblacklipstickco.com)
- Most bright red lipsticks are made with aniline dyes, which we don't use in our formulas. (portlandblacklipstickco.com)
- Both woad and indigo have been eclipsed by the synthetic aniline dyes perfected in the late 19th cent. (encyclopedia.com)
- The chemical even acts as a mordant in the dyeing process - when aniline dyes are used, sodium acetate perpetually aids in the dyeing process by facilitating dye uptake and protecting the dye from exposure to light. (fractovia.org)
- Shattock, he had endeavoured to stain some kind of fungus growing in the lung by staining with the aniline dyes, and with complete success after removing the calcareous and fatty matters from the fungus: the actinomycosis bovis could be similarly stained: tab. (tomthemusicman.co.uk)
- The top materials for increased risk include chromium and nickel (and their salts), aniline and other dyes, epoxy resins, acrylate resins, formaldehyde and its resins, rubber chemicals, certain pharmaceuticals and glutaraldehyde (the latter are found in molding materials). (ganoksin.com)
- Exposure to sulfur mustards can burn the skin and eyes, cause blisters, and cause respiratory effects such as coughing and bronchitis. (cdc.gov)
- What are sulfur mustards agents H/HD and HT? (cdc.gov)
- Sulfur mustards were introduced as chemical warfare agents mustard agents H/HD and HT unless an accidental release during World War I. More than a dozen countries have were to occur at military sites where they are stored. (cdc.gov)
- What happens to sulfur mustards agents H/HD and HT when they enter the environment? (cdc.gov)
- When released to air, sulfur mustards will be broken down The primary routes of potential human exposure to sulfur by substances that are found in the air, but they may persist mustards are inhalation and dermal contact. (cdc.gov)
- Sulfur mustards in air for a few days before being broken down. (cdc.gov)
- Sulfur mustards did not cause birth defects in rats that parts of the body. (cdc.gov)
- Sulfur mustards make birth defects or other developmental effects in humans. (cdc.gov)
- If you breath sulfur mustards, it can cause coughing, bronchitis, and long-term respiratory disease. (cdc.gov)
- It is unlikely that the general population will be exposed to exposed to large amounts of sulfur mustards, you can sulfur mustard agents H/HD or HT. (cdc.gov)
- We do not know if sulfur mustards can affect people's ability to reproduce. (cdc.gov)
- Antitumor and mutagenic properties of a variety of heterocyclic nitrogen and sulfur mustards" J. of Med. (patentgenius.com)
- When released to air, nitrogen mustards will be broken down by compounds that are found in the air, but they may persist in air for a few days before being broken down. (cdc.gov)
- The selective ligation of hydrazine and amino-oxy compounds with carbonyls has gained popularity as a detection strategy with the recognition of aniline catalysis as a way to accelerate the labeling reaction in water. (semanticscholar.org)
- Nine new nitrogen mustard compounds derived from 2,6-difluoro-4-hydroxy- (3a-e) and 2,6-difluoro-4-amino- (4a-d) aniline were synthesized as potential prodrugs. (icr.ac.uk)
- The genetic toxicology of nitrogen and sulphur mustard. (patentgenius.com)
- Nitrogen mustards arose from the derivatization of sulphur mustard gas after military personnel exposed to it during World War I were observed to have decreased white blood cell counts. (wikipedia.org)
- phosphoramide mustard carrier derivatives" J. Med. (patentgenius.com)
- The antitumor property of iron chelators and aromatic nitrogen mustard derivatives has been well documented. (hindawi.com)
- Many derivatives of aniline can be prepared similarly. (academickids.com)
- Like phenols , aniline derivatives are highly reactive in electrophilic substitution reactions. (academickids.com)
- Aniline and its ring-substituted derivatives react with nitrous acid to form diazonium ions . (academickids.com)
- cretion is rather rapid and order valium 5mg paypal takes place after partial oxidation, through the kidneys which may at times show marked irritation.other aniline derivatives as phenacetine, lactophenin,methacetine, exalgine and benzanilid have practically thesame action as acetanilid. (granpallars.com)
- it was soon found that both aniline and antifebrine undergo a partialoxidation in the body, with the formation of amidophenol or its derivatives, andaniline. (nightforum.net)
- Aniline , phenylamine or aminobenzene ( C 6 H 5 N H 2 ) is an organic chemical compound which is a primary aromatic amine consisting of a benzene ring and an amino group . (academickids.com)
- Aniline can be produced from benzene in two steps. (academickids.com)
- Aromatic amines, such as aniline , have their lone pair electrons conjugated into the benzene ring, thus their tendency to engage in hydrogen bonding is diminished. (wikipedia.org)
- Cyclophosphamide is a prodrug that is converted to inactive carboxy-cyclophosphamide, acrolein and phosphoramide mustard, an agent that adds alkyl groups to oxygen and nitrogen atoms of guanine, one of the four nitrogen bases that form the DNA nucleotides, causing DNA cross-links and introducing DNA breaks. (bioportfolio.com)
- Aniline reacts with strong acids to form salts containing the anilinium ion (C 6 H 5 -NH 3 + ), and reacts with acyl halides (such as acetyl chloride , CH 3 COCl) to form amides . (academickids.com)
- Although aniline is but feebly basic, it precipitates zinc, aluminium and ferric salts, and on warming expels ammonia from its salts. (academickids.com)
- Chromic acid converts it into quinone, while chlorates, in the presence of certain metallic salts (especially of vanadium), give aniline black. (academickids.com)
- 1-{4-[Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}-3-[2-methyl-5-(4-methylacridin-9-ylamino)phenyl]urea (BO-1051) is an N-mustard DNA alkylating agent reported to exhibit antitumor activity. (biomedcentral.com)
- boiled with carbon disulphide it gives sulphocarbanilide (diphenyl thio-urea), CS(NHC 6 H 5 ) 2 , which may be decomposed into phenyl mustard-oil, C 6 H 5 CNS, and triphenyl guanidine, C 6 H 5 N: C(NHC 6 H 5 ) 2 . (academickids.com)
- In those strategies the aromatic nitrogen mustards are mostly used as alkylating pharmacophore (such as benzoic acid nitrogen mustard) as they are effective against quiescent cell and trend to be less susceptible to induced resistance than most anticancer drugs. (hindawi.com)
- Aromatic amines such as aniline are generally much weaker bases than aliphatic amines. (academickids.com)
- Important primary alkyl amines include, methylamine , most amino acids , and the buffering agent tris , while primary aromatic amines include aniline . (wikipedia.org)
- Uramustine or uracil mustard Melphalan Chlorambucil Ifosfamide Bendamustine Nitrosoureas Carmustine Lomustine Streptozocin Alkyl sulfonates Busulfan Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs (termed platinum analogues) act in a similar manner. (wikipedia.org)
- A cell wall of vagus nerve (cn v1) include the nitrogen mus- tards (chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, busulfan, thiotepa, or aniline dye, among many supercentenarians: Compression of posterior urethral valves, ejaculation the strategy most helpful for clients to the develop- of these pigments, which is left with lifelong urinary incontinence. (puc.edu)
- heating the mustard oils with a mineral acid, by the hydrolysis of the alkyl phthalimides. (chemicalland21.com)
- These natural isothiocyanates, such as allyl isothiocyanate, are also known as mustard oils. (wikipedia.org)
- When the large cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae) lays eggs on black mustard (Brassica nigra), the plant registers an alerting substance released from the eggs. (phys.org)
- The present study was carried out to evaluate the impact of Mr.Trivedi's biofield energy treatment on mustard (Brassica juncea) for its growth-germination of seedling, glutathione (GSH)content in leaves, indole acetic acid (IAA) content in shoots and roots and DNA polymorphism by random amplifiedpolymorphic-DNA (RAPD). (peerevaluation.org)
- in the presence of water m3rrosin decomposes sinalbine with theformation of oil of mustard, sinapine and glucose.sinapis nigra (u.), sinapis nigrae semina (b.), buy generic xanax 1.5mg with visa the dried seedsof brassica phentermine dosing nigra. (nightforum.net)
- In the presence of water m3rrosin decomposes sinalbine with theformation of oil of mustard, sinapine and glucose.sinapis nigra (u.), sinapis nigrae semina (b.), the dried seedsof brassica nigra. (visual-acuity.com)
- We reported previously the syntheses and preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation of benzaldehyde nitrogen mustard pyridine carboxyl acid hydrazones (BNMPH) as extended study, more tumor cell lines (IC 50 for HepG2: 26.1 ± 3.5 μ M , HCT-116: 57.5 ± 5.3 μ M, K562: 48.2 ± 4.0 μ M, and PC-12: 19.4 ± 2.2 μ M) were used to investigate its cytotoxicity and potential mechanism. (hindawi.com)
- Arrange in correct order of basic Character of aniline, pyrrol, pyridine and piperidine? (chemzipper.com)
- The general method for the formation of isothiocyanates proceeds through the reaction between a primary amine (e.g. aniline) and carbon disulfide in aqueous ammonia. (wikipedia.org)
- Potassium permanganate in neutral solution oxidizes it to nitrobenzene, in alkaline solution to azobenzene, ammonia and oxalic acid, in acid solution to aniline black. (academickids.com)
- To improve its antitumor activity, many strategies are tried to design specific target alkylating agents, such as DNA-directed alkylating agents which were made by linking DNA-affinic molecules (carriers) to a nitrogen mustard pharmacophore (warhead) for these DNA-affinic molecules also exhibit topoisomerases I and II inhibition [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The index for 'Non-Food Articles' group rose by 0.6 percent to 118.5 (provisional) from 117.8 (provisional) for the previous month due to higher price of raw rubber (8%), safflower (kardi seed) (4%), fodder, floriculture and copra (coconut) (3% each) and mesta, rape & mustard seed and castor seed (1% each). (orissadiary.com)
- Determination of reactive nitrogen mustard anti-cancer drugs in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using derivatization", Anal. (patentgenius.com)
- woad, name for a perennial plant ( Isatis tinctoria ) of the family Cruciferae ( mustard family) and for a blue dye obtained from its leaves. (encyclopedia.com)
- Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family, commonly known as the mustard family. (agr.ca)
- The amides formed from aniline are sometimes called anilides , for example CH 3 -CO-NH-C 6 H 5 is acetanilide . (academickids.com)
- antifebrin or acetanilide is thus obtained from acetic acid and aniline. (academickids.com)
- Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by A. Some women report a greater sexual arousal with increased alcohol consumption as well as increased sensations of pleasure during orgasm. (revolution10.uk)
- Aniline is manufactured by reducing nitrobenzene with iron and hydrochloric acid and steam-distilling the product. (academickids.com)
- An enzymatic reaction in the wet mustard powder produces a chemical Eszopiclone prescription drug screen called allyl isothiocyanate, which is absorbed through the skin as a transdermal drug. (revolution10.uk)
- Sulfur mustard agents H/HD and HT do not accumulate in Agent H contains about 20-30% impurities. (cdc.gov)
- Nitrogen mustard as alkylating agent is one of the most useful drugs in cancer chemotherapy. (hindawi.com)
- Chemical genetics analysis of an aniline mustard anticancer agent reveals complex I of the electron transport chain as a target. (universalbiologicals.com)
- The tangy flavor that it imparts to food items and its excellent preservative qualities have helped sodium acetate establish itself prominently in the preparation process of mustard, vinegar, sauces, broths and soups besides fat-based blends like butter and margarine. (fractovia.org)
- Many German names are so familiar in Britain that they are almost considered indigenous: Nivea face cream, Osram light bulbs, Agfa film, Asprin from Bayer, Persil washing powder, AEG (Allgemeine Elektricitats-Gelsellschaft), BASF (Baden Aniline Soda Factory). (frontline.org.za)
- For example, sulfonation of aniline produces sulfanilic acid, which can be converted to sulfanilamide . (academickids.com)
- the degree ofirritation depends upon the concentration, length of exposure,etc., and may vary from simple erythema to vesication, pustulationand even formation of order ambien no prescription ulcers.taken internally in small quantities, mustard acts buy genuine tramadol online as a condiment order alprazolam 2mg online india and increases the appetite and digestion, but in caseswhere the stomach is hypersensitive, as in hyperacidity, it mayproduce burning and distress. (nightforum.net)
- Exposure to vapors of nitrogen mustards can damage the respiratory airways. (cdc.gov)
- Anilines react with S 2 Cl 2 in the presence of NaOH via the so-called Herz reaction to give ortho -aminothiophenolates. (wikipedia.org)
- Goodman, Gilman, and others began studying nitrogen mustards at Yale in 1942, and, following the sometimes dramatic but highly variable responses of experimental tumors in mice to treatment, these agents were first tested in humans late that year. (wikipedia.org)
- HIGHLIGHTS: It is unlikely that the general public will be exposed to nitrogen mustards agents HN-1, HN-2, and HN-3. (cdc.gov)
- This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about sulfur mustard blister agents H/HD and HT. (cdc.gov)
- HIGHLIGHTS: Exposure to sulfur mustard agents H/HD and HT can occur due to accidental release from a military storage facility. (cdc.gov)
- sulfur mustard agents in their chemical arsenals. (cdc.gov)
- How can families reduce the risk of exposure to sulfur mustard agents H/HD and HT? (cdc.gov)
- exposed to sulfur mustard agents H/HD and HT? (cdc.gov)
- Before their use in chemotherapy, alkylating agents were better known for their use as sulfur mustard, ("mustard gas") and related chemical weapons in World War I. The nitrogen mustards were the first alkylating agents used medically, as well as the first modern cancer chemotherapies. (wikipedia.org)
- Quantitative studies of the effects of nitrogen mustard analogs and other alkylating agents on ascites tumors in mice" Can. (patentgenius.com)
- When nitrogen mustards are absorbed by the body, they may cause damage to bone marrow and the immune system. (cdc.gov)
- Another cause is immoderate or improper use of cotton, mustard, or other oilcake fodders containing traces of toxins. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Children exposed to nitrogen mustards would probably experience such effects as nasal and sinus pain or experience the same effects seen in exposed adults. (cdc.gov)
- It was originally made from nitrogen mustard . (wikipedia.org)
- There is some evidence that nitrogen mustard treatment in been exposed to nitrogen mustards. (cdc.gov)
- A common myth holds that Goodman and Gilman were prompted to study nitrogen mustards as a potential treatment for cancer following a 1943 incident in Bari, Italy, where survivors exposed to mustard gas became leukopenic. (wikipedia.org)
- Nitrogen mustards will be broken down in water quickly, and only small amounts may evaporate. (cdc.gov)