Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of natural angiotensins. Upon successive enzyme cleavages, angiotensinogen yields angiotensin I, II, and III with amino acids numbered at 10, 8, and 7, respectively.Angiotensins: Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. These include angiotensins derived naturally from precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, and those synthesized.Renin-Angiotensin System: A BLOOD PRESSURE regulating system of interacting components that include RENIN; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; and angiotensinase. Renin, an enzyme produced in the kidney, acts on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2 globulin produced by the liver, forming ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, contained in the lung, acts on angiotensin I in the plasma converting it to ANGIOTENSIN II, an extremely powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II causes contraction of the arteriolar and renal VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE, leading to retention of salt and water in the KIDNEY and increased arterial blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II stimulates the release of ALDOSTERONE from the ADRENAL CORTEX, which in turn also increases salt and water retention in the kidney. Angiotensin-converting enzyme also breaks down BRADYKININ, a powerful vasodilator and component of the KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM.Renin: A highly specific (Leu-Leu) endopeptidase that generates ANGIOTENSIN I from its precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, leading to a cascade of reactions which elevate BLOOD PRESSURE and increase sodium retention by the kidney in the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.99.19.Angiotensin II: An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A: A peptidyl-dipeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal dipeptide, -Xaa-*-Xbb-Xcc, when neither Xaa nor Xbb is Pro. It is a Cl(-)-dependent, zinc glycoprotein that is generally membrane-bound and active at neutral pH. It may also have endopeptidase activity on some substrates. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.15.1.Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1: An angiotensin receptor subtype that is expressed at high levels in a variety of adult tissues including the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, the KIDNEY, the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM and the NERVOUS SYSTEM. Activation of the type 1 angiotensin receptor causes VASOCONSTRICTION and sodium retention.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Mestranol: The 3-methyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. It must be demethylated to be biologically active. It is used as the estrogen component of many combination ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Receptors, Angiotensin: Cell surface proteins that bind ANGIOTENSINS and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2: An angiotensin receptor subtype that is expressed at high levels in fetal tissues. Many effects of the angiotensin type 2 receptor such as VASODILATION and sodium loss are the opposite of that of the ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.Animals, Genetically Modified: ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.Rats, Inbred WKY: A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).Rats, Inbred SHR: A strain of Rattus norvegicus with elevated blood pressure used as a model for studying hypertension and stroke.Rats, Transgenic: Laboratory rats that have been produced from a genetically manipulated rat EGG or rat EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. They contain genes from another species.Kidney Tubules, Proximal: The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Eosinophil Major Basic Protein: One of several basic proteins released from EOSINOPHIL cytoplasmic granules. Eosinophil major basic protein is a 14-kDa cytotoxic peptide with a pI of 10.9. In addition to its direct cytotoxic effects, it stimulates the release of variety of INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS.Subfornical Organ: A structure, situated close to the intraventricular foramen, which induces DRINKING BEHAVIOR after stimulation with ANGIOTENSIN II.Alleles: Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers: Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS.Sodium Chloride, Dietary: Sodium chloride used in foods.Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.Gene Expression Regulation: Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.TetrazolesNephrectomy: Excision of kidney.Glomerulonephritis, IGA: A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.Gene Frequency: The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Heart Ventricles: The lower right and left chambers of the heart. The right ventricle pumps venous BLOOD into the LUNGS and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the systemic arterial circulation.Heart Failure: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.Albuminuria: The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.Aryldialkylphosphatase: An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl-dialkyl phosphate to form dialkyl phosphate and an aryl alcohol. It can hydrolyze a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. It may also mediate an enzymatic protection of LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS against oxidative modification and the consequent series of events leading to ATHEROMA formation. The enzyme was previously regarded to be identical with Arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2).Diabetic Nephropathies: KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tResearch Support, U.S. GovernmentKidney Tubules, Collecting: Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla.Research Support, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms M235T/T174M: no excess transmission to hypertensive Chinese. (1/836)
The gene encoding angiotensinogen (AGT) has been widely studied as a candidate gene for hypertension. Most studies to date have relied on case-control analysis to test for an excess of AGT variants among hypertensive cases compared with normotensive controls. However, with this design, nothing guarantees that a positive finding is due to actual allelic association as opposed to an inappropriate control population. To avoid this difficulty in our study of essential hypertension in Anqing, China, we tested AGT variants using the transmission/disequilibrium test, a procedure that bypasses the need for a control sample by testing for excessive transmission of a genetic variant from parents heterozygous for that variant. We analyzed two AGT polymorphisms, M235T and T174M, which have been associated with essential hypertension in whites and Japanese, using data on 335 hypertensive subjects from 315 nuclear families and their parents. Except in the group of subjects younger than 25 years, M235 and T174 were the more frequently transmitted alleles. We found that 194 parents heterozygous for M235T transmitted M235 106 times (P=0.22) and that 102 parents heterozygous for T174M transmitted T174 60 times (P=0.09). Stratifying offspring by gender, M235 and T174 were transmitted 60 of 106 times (P=0.21) and 44 of 75 times (P=0.17), respectively, in men, and 46 of 88 times (P=0.75) and 16 of 27 times (P=0.44), respectively, in women. Our results were also negative in all age groups and for the affected offspring with blood pressure values >/=160/95 mm Hg. Thus, this study provides no evidence that either allele of M235T or T174M contributes to hypertension in this Chinese population. (+info)Insulin-like growth factor-1 induces Mdm2 and down-regulates p53, attenuating the myocyte renin-angiotensin system and stretch-mediated apoptosis. (2/836)
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 inhibits apoptosis, but its mechanism is unknown. Myocyte stretching activates p53 and p53-dependent genes, leading to the formation of angiotensin II (Ang II) and apoptosis. Therefore, this in vitro system was used to determine whether IGF-1 interfered with p53 function and the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS), decreasing stretch-induced cell death. A single dose of 200 ng/ml IGF-1 at the time of stretching decreased myocyte apoptosis 43% and 61% at 6 and 20 hours. Ang II concentration was reduced 52% at 20 hours. Additionally, p53 DNA binding to angiotensinogen (Aogen), AT1 receptor, and Bax was markedly down-regulated by IGF-1 via the induction of Mdm2 and the formation of Mdm2-p53 complexes. Concurrently, the quantity of p53, Aogen, renin, AT1 receptor, and Bax was reduced in stretched myocytes exposed to IGF-1. Conversely, Bcl-2 and the Bcl-2-to-Bax protein ratio increased. The effects of IGF-1 on cell death, Ang II synthesis, and Bax protein were the consequence of Mdm2-induced down-regulation of p53 function. In conclusion, the anti-apoptotic impact of IGF-1 on stretched myocytes was mediated by its capacity to depress p53 transcriptional activity, which limited Ang II formation and attenuated the susceptibility of myocytes to trigger their endogenous cell death pathway. (+info)Blood pressure reduction and diabetes insipidus in transgenic rats deficient in brain angiotensinogen. (3/836)
Angiotensin produced systemically or locally in tissues such as the brain plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and in the development of hypertension. We have established transgenic rats [TGR(ASrAOGEN)] expressing an antisense RNA against angiotensinogen mRNA specifically in the brain. In these animals, the brain angiotensinogen level is reduced by more than 90% and the drinking response to intracerebroventricular renin infusions is decreased markedly compared with control rats. Blood pressure of transgenic rats is lowered by 8 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133 Pa) compared with control rats. Crossbreeding of TGR(ASrAOGEN) with a hypertensive transgenic rat strain exhibiting elevated angiotensin II levels in tissues results in a marked attenuation of the hypertensive phenotype. Moreover, TGR(ASrAOGEN) exhibit a diabetes insipidus-like syndrome producing an increased amount of urine with decreased osmolarity. The observed reduction in plasma vasopressin by 35% may mediate these phenotypes of TGR(ASrAOGEN). This new animal model presenting long-term and tissue-specific down-regulation of angiotensinogen corroborates the functional significance of local angiotensin production in the brain for the central regulation of blood pressure and for the pathogenesis of hypertension. (+info)Local renin-angiotensin system is involved in K+-induced aldosterone secretion from human adrenocortical NCI-H295 cells. (4/836)
NCI-H295, a human adrenocarcinoma cell line, has been proposed as a model system to define the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of aldosterone production in humans. Because the precise cellular localization of the components of the renin-angiotensin system in human adrenal cortical cells remains unclear, we investigated their localization in this defined cell system. NCI-H295 cells expressed both angiotensinogen and renin as shown by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was not detectable by immunocytochemistry, ACE binding, or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. However, 3.5 mmol/L K+ stimulated the formation of both angiotensin I and angiotensin II 1. 9- and 2.5-fold, respectively, and increased aldosterone release 3. 0-fold. The K+-induced stimulation of aldosterone release was decreased by captopril and enalaprilat (24% and 26%, respectively) and by the angiotensin type 1 (AT1)-receptor antagonist losartan (28%). Angiotensin II-induced stimulation of aldosterone release was abolished by losartan treatment. Specific [125I]Sar1-angiotensin II binding was detected by receptor autoradiography. The binding of [125I]Sar1-angiotensin II was completely displaced by the AT1 antagonist losartan but not by the AT2 receptor ligand PD 123319, confirming the expression of angiotensin II AT1 receptors in NCI-H295 cells. Our results demonstrate that NCI-H295 cells express most of the components of the renin-angiotensin system. Our failure to detect ACE, however, suggests that the production of angiotensin II in NCI-H295 cells may be ACE independent. NCI-H295 cells are able to produce angiotensin II, and K+ increases aldosterone secretion in part through an angiotensin-mediated pathway. The production of angiotensin II in NCI-H295 cells demonstrates that this human cell line can be useful to characterize the role of locally produced angiotensin II in the regulation of aldosterone release. (+info)The renal lesions that develop in neonatal mice during angiotensin inhibition mimic obstructive nephropathy. (5/836)
BACKGROUND: Inhibition of angiotensin action, pharmacologically or genetically, during the neonatal period leads to renal anomalies involving hypoplastic papilla and dilated calyx. Recently, we documented that angiotensinogen (Agt -/-) or angiotensin type 1 receptor nullizygotes (Agtr1 -/-) do not develop renal pelvis nor ureteral peristaltic movement, both of which are essential for isolating the kidney from the high downstream ureteral pressure. We therefore examined whether these renal anomalies could be characterized as "obstructive" nephropathy. METHODS: Agtr1 -/- neonatal mice were compared with wild-type neonates, the latter subjected to surgical complete unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO), by analyzing morphometrical, immunohistochemical, and molecular indices. Agtr1 -/- mice were also subjected to a complete UUO and were compared with wild-type UUO mice by quantitative analysis. To assess the function of the urinary tract, baseline pelvic and ureteral pressures were measured. RESULTS: The structural anomalies were qualitatively indistinguishable between the Agtr1 -/- without surgical obstruction versus the wild type with complete UUO. Thus, in both kidneys, the calyx was enlarged, whereas the papilla was atrophic; tubulointerstitial cells underwent proliferation and also apoptosis. Both were also characterized by interstitial macrophage infiltration and fibrosis, and within the local lesion, transforming growth factor-beta 1, platelet-derived growth factor-A and insulin-like growth factor-1 were up-regulated, whereas epidermal growth factor was down-regulated. Moreover, quantitative differences that exist between mutant kidneys without surgical obstruction and wild-type kidneys with surgical UUO were abolished when both underwent the same complete surgical UUO. The hydraulic baseline pressure was always lower in the pelvis than that in the ureter in the wild type, whereas this pressure gradient was reversed in the mutant. CONCLUSION: The abnormal kidney structure that develops in neonates during angiotensin inhibition is attributed largely to "functional obstruction" of the urinary tract caused by the defective development of peristaltic machinery. (+info)Molecular mechanism(s) of action of isoproterenol on the expression of the angiotensinogen gene in opossum kidney proximal tubular cells. (6/836)
BACKGROUND: beta-adrenoceptors are present in the renal proximal tubules. We have previously reported that isoproterenol stimulates the accumulation of intracellular cAMP and the expression of the angiotensinogen (ANG) gene in opossum kidney (OK) proximal tubular cells via the beta 1-adrenoceptor. We hypothesized that the molecular mechanism(s) of action of isoproterenol on the expression of the ANG gene is mediated via the interaction of the phosphorylated cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and the cAMP-responsive element (CRE; that is, ANG N-806/-779) in the 5'-flanking region of the rat ANG gene. METHODS: The fusion genes containing the putative ANG-CRE of the rat ANG gene inserted upstream of the rat ANG basal promoter (ANG N-53/+18) fused to a human growth hormone (hGH) gene as reporter were stably cotransfected, with or without the plasmid containing the cDNA for 43 kDa CREB, into the OK cells. The effect of various agonists and antagonists of adrenoceptors on the expression of the fusion genes was evaluated by the amount of immunoreactive hGH secreted into the culture medium. The interactions of OK cellular nuclear protein(s) with the ANG N-806/779 were determined by gel mobility shift assays and by Southwestern and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: The addition of isoproterenol, forskolin, or 8-Bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP) stimulated the expression of pOGH (ANG N-806/-779/-53/+18) by 135, 150, and 160%, respectively, but not mutants of the ANG N-806/-779. The stimulatory effect of isoproterenol was blocked in the presence of propranolol, Rp-cAMP, and atenolol, but not by the presence of stauro-sporine, U73122, and ICI 118,551. Transient transfection of the plasmid containing the cDNA for the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A further enhanced the stimulatory effect of 43 kDa CREB on the expression of the fusion gene. The gel mobility shift assays revealed the the nuclear protein(s) of OK cells binds to the radioactive-labeled ANG N-806/-779. The binding of the labeled ANG N-806/-779 to the OK cell nuclear protein(s) was displaced by unlabeled ANG N-806/-779, but not by the CRE of the somatostatin gene, the CRE of the tyrosine amino-transferase gene, or the mutants of the ANG N-806/-779. Southwestern blot analysis revealed that the labeled ANG N-806/-779 binds to two nuclear species of 43 and 35 kDa proteins. Western blot analysis, however, revealed that rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the 43 kDa CREB interacted with only the 43 kDa molecular species but not with the 35 kDa species. CONCLUSION: These studies demonstrate that the stimulatory effect of isoproterenol on the expression of the ANG gene may be mediated, at least in part, via the interaction of the phosphorylated CREB and the CRE in the 5'-flanking region of the rat ANG gene. The novel 35 kDa nuclear protein that is immunologically different from the 43 kDa CREB may also play a role in the expression of the ANG gene. (+info)Homeostasis in mice with genetically decreased angiotensinogen is primarily by an increased number of renin-producing cells. (7/836)
Here we investigate the biochemical, molecular, and cellular changes directed toward blood pressure homeostasis that occur in the endocrine branch of the renin-angiotensin system of mice having one angiotensinogen gene inactivated. No compensatory up-regulation of the remaining normal allele occurs in the liver, the main tissue of angiotensinogen synthesis. No significant changes occur in expression of the genes coding for the angiotensin converting enzyme or the major pressor-mediating receptor for angiotensin, but plasma renin concentration in the mice having only one copy of the angiotensinogen gene is greater than twice wild-type. This increase is mediated primarily by a modest increase in the proportion of renal glomeruli producing renin in their juxtaglomerular apparatus and by four times wild-type numbers of renin-producing cells along afferent arterioles of the glomeruli rather than by up-regulating renin production in cells already committed to its synthesis. (+info)In vivo enzymatic assay reveals catalytic activity of the human renin precursor in tissues. (8/836)
The aspartyl protease renin is secreted into the circulation of mammals in 2 forms: the proteolytically processed active form of the enzyme and the precursor form, prorenin. Prorenin has no detectable enzymatic activity in the circulation, but it is the exclusive form of the enzyme produced by several tissues that also produce the other components of the renin enzymatic cascade (renin-angiotensin system). To test whether prorenin might be enzymatically active in these tissues, transgenic mice expressing the human renin substrate (angiotensinogen) exclusively in the pituitary gland were mated to mice expressing either active human renin or prorenin in the same tissue. Measurement of in vivo product formation in pituitary glands of double-transgenic mice revealed that human prorenin was enzymatically active, and Western blot analysis demonstrated that this prorenin was in the precursor form with its prosegment attached. This in vivo enzymatic assay demonstrates for the first time that human prorenin can be activated within tissues by nonproteolytic means, where it could contribute to the activity of a localized renin-angiotensin system. (+info)Plasma renin then carries out the conversion of angiotensinogen, released by the liver, to angiotensin I.[2] Angiotensin I is ... Renin cleaves a decapeptide from angiotensinogen, a globular protein. The decapeptide is known as angiotensin I. ... angiotensinogen is picked up from the circulation or expressed locally in some tissues; with renin they form angiotensin I, and ...
Propeptides: Angiotensinogen. *Angiotensin I. Combinations:. *Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide. *Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide/ ...
... ogenEdit. Angiotensinogen (AGT) is an α-2-globulin produced constitutively and released into the circulation mainly ... Human angiotensinogen is 453 amino acids long, but other species have angiotensinogen of varying sizes. The first 12 amino ... Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosteroid, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II levels. ... Angiotensin I (CAS# 11128-99-7) is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide bond between the ...
"Interleukin-6 Mediates Angiotensinogen Gene Expression during Liver Regeneration". PLoS ONE. 8 (7): e67868. doi:10.1371/journal ... Dzau, VJ; Herrmann, HC (Feb 15-22, 1982). "Hormonal control of angiotensinogen production". Life Sciences. 30 (7-8): 577-84. ... Angiotensinogen expression Regenerate itself by hepatocyte mitosis Via STAT and Gab1: RAS/MAPK, PLC/IP3 and PI3K/FAK Cell ...
Sethi AA, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A (July 2003). "Angiotensinogen gene polymorphism, plasma angiotensinogen, and risk ... Tanimoto K, Sugiyama F, Goto Y, Ishida J, Takimoto E, Yagami K, Fukamizu A, Murakami K (December 1994). "Angiotensinogen- ... Jeunemaitre X, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Célérier J, Corvol P (1999). "Angiotensinogen variants and human hypertension". Current ... Dickson ME, Sigmund CD (July 2006). "Genetic basis of hypertension: revisiting angiotensinogen". Hypertension. 48 (1): 14-20. ...
Dickson ME, Sigmund CD (July 2006). "Genetic basis of hypertension: revisiting angiotensinogen". Hypertension. 48 (1): 14-20. ...
One of these genes is the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, studied extensively by Kim et al. They showed that increasing the number ... Dickson ME, Sigmund CD (July 2006). "Genetic basis of hypertension: revisiting angiotensinogen". Hypertension. 48 (1): 14-20. ...
"A redox switch in angiotensinogen modulates angiotensin release". Nature. 468 (7320): 108-11. doi:10.1038/nature09505. PMC ...
... s bind to the active site of renin and inhibit the binding of renin to angiotensinogen, which is the rate- ... Renin is a circulating enzyme that acts on a circulating peptide, angiotensinogen. Renin cleaves the peptide at the Leu10-Val11 ... Renin is highly selective for its only naturally occurring substrate which is angiotensinogen, and the incidence of unwanted ... The first generation of renin inhibitors, such as H-142, were peptide analogues of angiotensinogen. However, these inhibitors ...
"Kinetic studies of rat renin and tonin on purified rat angiotensinogen". Can. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 62: 136-142. PMID 6097352 ...
February 1999). "Angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms M235T/T174M: no excess transmission to hypertensive Chinese". Hypertension ... It performs this function by breaking down (hydrolysing) angiotensinogen, secreted from the liver, into the peptide angiotensin ... angiotensinogen and epithelial sodium channel". Hypertension. 33 (6): 1324-31. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.33.6.1324. PMID 10373210. ...
2005). "Finb, a multiple zinc finger protein, represses transcription of the human angiotensinogen gene". Int. J. Mol. Med. 13 ...
Ricardo SD, Franzoni DF, Roesener CD, Crisman JM, Diamond JR (May 2000). "Angiotensinogen and AT(1) antisense inhibition of ...
Renin, a proteolytic enzyme, cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II. In the case of ...
Human angiotensinogen is 453 amino acids long, but other species have angiotensinogen of varying sizes. The first 12 amino ... Angiotensinogen (AGT) is an α-2-globulin produced constitutively and released into the circulation mainly by the liver. It is a ... It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the liver. It plays an important role ... Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosteroid, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II levels. ...
"Effect of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade on the Expression of the Angiotensinogen Gene and Induction of Hypertrophy in Rat ... "Effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on the expression of the angiotensinogen gene and induction of hypertrophy in rat ... "RAS blockade decreases blood pressure and proteinuria in transgenic mice over-expressing rat angiotensinogen gene in the kidney ... "Reactive oxygen species blockade and action of insulin on expression of angiotensinogen gene in proximal tubular cells". ...
... endothiapepsin and its complex with an angiotensinogen fragment analogue, H-142". Biochemical Society Transactions. 13 (6): ...
The protein catalyzes the final step in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin IV (AT4) and is also a receptor for ...
It cleaves angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is in turn converted by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin ... Binding to this pocket prevents the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Aliskiren is also available as combination ...
Under normal physiological conditions, the enzyme renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which will then be converted ...
Renin converts the inactive angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II (AII) by angiotensin ...
Kushiki, K; Yamada H (2001). "Upregulation of Immunoreactive Angiotensin II Release and Angiotensinogen mRNA Expression by High ...
Binding of renin to this receptor induces the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. This protein is associated with ...
Angiotensin II originates from plasmatic angiotensin I after the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin produced by the ... Angiotensin II originates from plasmatic angiotensin I after the conversion of angiotensinogen by renin produced by the ...
1995). "Identification of angiotensinogen and complement C3dg as novel proteins binding the proform of eosinophil major basic ... angiotensinogen (AGT), and C3dg. This protein may be involved in antiparasitic defense mechanisms as a cytotoxin and ...
title = "Hyperglycemia modulates angiotensinogen gene expression",. abstract = "Elevated plasma angiotensinogen (AGT) levels ... Hyperglycemia modulates angiotensinogen gene expression. Ilan Gabriely, Xiao Man Yang, Jane A. Cases, Xiao Hui Ma, Luciano ... Hyperglycemia modulates angiotensinogen gene expression. / Gabriely, Ilan; Yang, Xiao Man; Cases, Jane A.; Ma, Xiao Hui; ... N2 - Elevated plasma angiotensinogen (AGT) levels have been demonstrated in insulin-resistant states such as obesity and type 2 ...
RAS: renin-angiotensin system; AGT: angiotensinogen; REN: renin; AngI: angiotensin I; AngII: angiotensin II; Ang-(1-9): ... RAS: renin-angiotensin system; AGT: angiotensinogen; REN: renin; AngI: angiotensin I; AngII: angiotensin II; Ang-(1-9): ...
Angiotensinogen is expressed in an islet cell line (RIN 1056A) derived from a rat pancreatic tumor. Angiotensinogen mRNA ... Angiotensinogen is expressed in an islet cell line (RIN 1056A) derived from a rat pancreatic tumor. Angiotensinogen mRNA ... Angiotensinogen is expressed in an islet cell line (RIN 1056A) derived from a rat pancreatic tumor. Angiotensinogen mRNA ... Angiotensinogen is expressed in an islet cell line (RIN 1056A) derived from a rat pancreatic tumor. Angiotensinogen mRNA ...
Other plasma proteins may be increased (angiotensinogen/renin substrate, alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin). ...
Angiotensinogen di ubah menjadi angiotensin 1 dengan katalisis renin. Selanjutnya angiotensin… ... Angiotensin adalah hormone petida yang berasal dari protein angiotensinogen. ... Angiotensin adalah hormone petida yang berasal dari protein angiotensinogen. Angiotensinogen di ubah menjadi angiotensin 1 ...
Blood-borne angiotensin II is generated from angiotensinogen via cleavage by renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an ...
Angiotensinogen definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. Look it up ... angiotensinogen in Medicine Expand. angiotensinogen an·gi·o·ten·sin·o·gen (ānjē-ō-těn-sĭnə-jən). n. A serum globulin formed ...
High Molecular Weight Form Angiotensinogen Gene Renin System Renin Substrate Angiotensinogen mRNA These keywords were added by ... Gaillard I, Clauser E, Corvol P: Structure of human angiotensinogen gene. DNA1989, 8: 87 - 89.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Kimura S, Iwao H, Fukui K, Abe Y, Tanaka S Effect of thyroid hormone on angiotensinogen and renin mRNA levels in rat. Jpn J ... Ben-Ari ET, Garrison JC Regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA accumulation in rat hepatocytes. Am J Physiol 1988, 255:E70-E79 ...
... Natalia Ruggeri Barbaro, Vanessa Fontana, and Heitor Moreno ... angiotensinogen, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase genes," DNA and Cell Biology, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 555-564, 2011. View at ... the main finding was the association of two genetic variants in the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, the M allele of rs699 and the G ...
Urinary excretion of angiotensinogen reflects intrarenal angiotensinogen production.. Kobori H1, Harrison-Bernard LM, Navar LG. ... Urine levels of angiotensinogen after the treatment evaluated by radioimmunoassay were plotted against kidney (A) and plasma (B ... Urinary levels of angiotensinogen were highly correlated with kidney Ang II content, but not with the plasma Ang II level. ... The high salt (H/S) diet alone did not alter urinary angiotensinogen levels in sham animals (H/S + Sham; ); however, Ang II ...
The Human Angiotensinogen ELISA uses two highly specific antibodies to measure angiotensin precursor levels in a variety of ... Angiotensinogen Detection. Angiotensinogen (also known as serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8; Serpin A8, Ang, Ang II ... Anti-Mouse/Rat Angiotensinogen (405) Rabbit IgG Affinity Purify 10 ug $125.00 ... Anti-Human Angiotensinogen (104AT 601.2.80) Mouse IgG MoAb 10 ug $126.00 ...
A1BG · AGC boxes · Angiotensinogen core promoter element · Boxes · cAMP response elements · B recognition elements · CAAT boxes ... A1BG/Quiz · AGC boxes/Quiz · Angiotensinogen core promoter element/Quiz · AP-1 box A and box B/Quiz · Pre-initiation complex ... Angiotensinogen[edit]. The diagram consists of spacefilling models of angiotensin I (left) and angiotensin II (right). Credit: ... Angiotensinogen core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) is an example of a core promoter element that may occur in a DNA sequence for ...
Buy our Recombinant Human Angiotensinogen protein. Ab191974 is a full length protein produced in HEK 293 cells and has been ... In response to lowered blood pressure, the enzyme renin cleaves angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin-1 (angiotensin 1-10). ...
Compare Angiotensinogen ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, reviews, and ... Angiotensinogen ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a widely used application for detecting and ...
AngiotensinogenAdd BLAST. 453. ,p>This subsection of the PTM / Processing section describes the position and length of an ... "A redox switch in angiotensinogen modulates angiotensin release.". Zhou A., Carrell R.W., Murphy M.P., Wei Z., Yan Y., Stanley ... IPR000227 Angiotensinogen. IPR023796 Serpin_dom. IPR000215 Serpin_fam. IPR036186 Serpin_sf. PANTHERi. PTHR11461 PTHR11461, 1 ... Angiotensinogen is present in the circulation in a near 40:60 ratio with the oxidized disulfide-bonded form, which ...
Angiotensinogen had the best discriminative characteristics. Urinary angiotensinogen was subsequently measured by ELISA and its ... Angiotensinogen / urine*. Biological Markers / urine. Female. Humans. Male. Middle Aged. Prognosis. Risk. Severity of Illness ... RESULTS: The urine angiotensinogen/creatinine ratio (uAnCR) predicted worsening of AKI, Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) ... These data are the first to demonstrate the utility of angiotensinogen as a prognostic biomarker of AKI after cardiac surgery. ...
... the TT genotype of the angiotensinogen gene has been reported to be associated with a higher plasma level of angiotensinogen ... and genotype of the angiotensinogen gene (P=.2239, coefficient=−11.033 [TT=0, TM+MM=1]). The genotype of the angiotensinogen ... Angiotensinogen Gene and Blood Pressure in the Japanese Population. Naoharu Iwai, Hitoshi Shimoike, Nobuyuki Ohmichi, Masahiko ... Angiotensinogen Gene and Blood Pressure in the Japanese Population. Naoharu Iwai, Hitoshi Shimoike, Nobuyuki Ohmichi and ...
Angiotensinogen Gene Knockout Delays and Attenuates Cold-Induced Hypertension. Zhongjie Sun, Robert Cade, Zhonge Zhang, James ... Angiotensinogen Gene Knockout Delays and Attenuates Cold-Induced Hypertension. Zhongjie Sun, Robert Cade, Zhonge Zhang, James ... Angiotensinogen Gene Knockout Delays and Attenuates Cold-Induced Hypertension. Zhongjie Sun, Robert Cade, Zhonge Zhang, James ... Two groups of wild-type (WT) mice and 2 groups of angiotensinogen gene knockout (Agt-KO) mice (6 per group) were used. After ...
27 antibodies to Angiotensinogen and validated for use in 6 applications (Immunohistochemistry,Western Blot,Flow Cytometry, ... Angiotensinogen Antibodies The protein encoded by AGT, pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor, is expressed in the ... Angiotensinogen; angiotensinogen (PAT); angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8); Des-Asp[1]-angiotensin ... II; pre-angiotensinogen; serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor; Serpin A8; serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8 ...
View our 6 Serpin A8/Angiotensinogen products for your research including Serpin A8/Angiotensinogen Proteome Profiler Antibody ... Serpin A8/Angiotensinogen: Products. The human serpin superfamily consists of at least 35 members that target not only serine ...
The angiotensinogen gene of Swiss mice is closely linked to a retrovirus-like element. Clouston, W.M. DNA Cell Biol. (1990) [ ... Influence of the angiotensinogen gene on the ovulatory capacity of mice. Hefler, L.A., Gregg, A.R. Fertil. Steril. (2001) [ ... Genetic control of fertility and embryonic waste in the mouse: A rolefor angiotensinogen. Tempfer, C.B., Moreno, R.M., Gregg, A ... Reduced angiotensinogen expression attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy in mice. Fern, R.J., Yesko ...
Renal Angiotensinogen Gene Expression and Tubular Atrophy in Diabetic Nephropathy , IntechOpen, Published on: 2012-04-20. ... Renal Angiotensinogen Gene Expression and Tubular Atrophy in Diabetic Nephropathy. By Brice E. T. Nouthe, Maya Saleh, Shao-Ling ...
Angiotensinogen and ACE mRNAs have been detected in normal cardiac tissue.10 11 12 13 Angiotensinogen mRNA is increased during ... Measurements of Angiotensinogen, ACE, and Serum Albumin. Angiotensinogen was measured as the maximum quantity of Ang I that was ... The lower ratio for angiotensinogen than for albumin may suggest that the angiotensinogen consumption rate, and therefore the ... when incubated with sheep angiotensinogen to be similar to the Vmax when incubated with angiotensinogen prepared from ...
Angiotensinogen Gene Promoter Region Variant Modifies Body Size-Ambulatory Blood Pressure Relations in Hypertension. Armindo D ... Angiotensinogen Gene Promoter Region Variant Modifies Body Size-Ambulatory Blood Pressure Relations in Hypertension ... Angiotensinogen Gene Promoter Region Variant Modifies Body Size-Ambulatory Blood Pressure Relations in Hypertension ... Angiotensinogen Gene Promoter Region Variant Modifies Body Size-Ambulatory Blood Pressure Relations in Hypertension ...
Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins (Homo sapiens). From WikiPathways. Revision as of 10:04, 11 June 2014 by ... After cleavage of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I by renin, two C-terminal amino acid residues of angiotensin I are removed by ... Angiotensinogen, a prohormone, is synthesized and secreted mainly by the liver but also from other tissues (reviewed in ... Haas E, Goldblatt H.; Kinetic constants of the human renin and human angiotensinogen reaction.; PubMed Europe PMC Scholia* ...
Renin-angiotHypertensionMRNAProteinGene expressionSerpin A8AntibodyAnti-angiotensinogenSERPINA8Excretion of angiotensinogenMouse angiotensinogenRenal angiotensinogenIntrarenal renin-angiotSerumAntibodiesPromoterT174MGenotypeMRNA and proteinUrinary angiotensinogen levelsDeveloped AKI after cardiac surgeryT235DetectionGenesRate of angiotensinogenPrecursor of angiotensinLevels of angiotensinogenRatsAcetyl AngiotensinogenPolymorphismsKidneyCleavesHypertensive PatientsAlleleAngiotensin IIAngiotensinsSubstrate for renin
- Angiotensinogen, a precursor of the octapeptide angiotensin II and an effector of the renin-angiotensin system, is synthesized in numerous rat tissues. (utmb.edu)
- Blood-borne angiotensin II is generated from angiotensinogen via cleavage by renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzymatic cascade known as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). (uniri.hr)
- Elevated plasma angiotensinogen (AGT) levels have been demonstrated in insulin-resistant states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), conditions that are directly correlated to hypertension. (elsevier.com)
- Angiotensinogen mRNA detected by Northern analysis is abundant in the cell line and is approximately 200 bases longer than the mRNA isolated from rat liver, due to both a longer poly(A) tract and the use of a second polyadenylation site. (utmb.edu)
- Dexamethasone is a potent inducer of angiotensinogen mRNA, producing a progressive accumulation from 3 to 96 hr in culture (9-fold above control levels). (utmb.edu)
- Angiotensin adalah hormone petida yang berasal dari protein angiotensinogen. (wordpress.com)
- Glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone regulation of angiotensinogen gene expression in a pancreatic islet cell line. (utmb.edu)
- Serpin A8/Angiotensinogen " has 6 results in Products. (rndsystems.com)
- Also known as Angiotensinogen (Serpin A8). (mybiosource.com)
- Angiotensinogen antibody LS-C182761 is an unconjugated sheep polyclonal antibody to mouse Angiotensinogen (AGT) (aa25-477). (lsbio.com)
- Rabbit IgG polyclonal antibody for Angiotensinogen(AGT) detection. (bosterbio.com)
- Immunocytochemical staining of pituitary cells after formation of plaques with anti-angiotensinogen, anti-LH and anti-PRL antiserum showed that the large plaque-forming cells were gonadotrophs and none were lactotrophs. (garvan.org.au)
- For the quantitative determination of Human Angiotensinogen / SerpinA8 / AGT concentration in serum. (srgroupchemical.com)
- The minimum detectable dose of Human Angiotensinogen / SerpinA8 / AGT is typically less than 7.95 pg/mL. (srgroupchemical.com)
- Urinary excretion of angiotensinogen reflects intrarenal angiotensinogen production. (nih.gov)
- The present study tested the hypothesis that enhanced intrarenal angiotensinogen formation during Ang II infusion is reflected by secretion into the tubular fluid leading to increased urinary excretion of angiotensinogen (UAGT). (nih.gov)
- In the study published in this journal by Yoshimoto et al , 1 the authors show, for the first time in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2, the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (iSGLT2) on the urinary excretion of angiotensinogen. (bmj.com)
- Recombinant corresponding to aa25-477 from mouse Angiotensinogen expressed in CHO cell line. (lsbio.com)
- Mouse Angiotensinogen. (lsbio.com)
- A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence at the N-terminus of mouse Angiotensinogen(25-36aa DRVYIHPFHLLY), identical to the related rat sequence. (bosterbio.com)
- Ellison KE, Ingelfinger JR, Pivor M, Dzau VJ Androgen regulation of rat renal angiotensinogen messenger RNA expression. (springer.com)
- In rats maintained on a high salt diet (H/S) to suppress basal renal angiotensinogen levels, angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion for 13 days increased renal angiotensinogen mRNA and protein, thus providing a mechanism for further augmentation of intrarenal Ang II levels. (nih.gov)
- Testosterone replacement in castrated DS rats increased BP, renal injury, and upregulation of renal angiotensinogen associated with HS diet. (elsevier.com)
- Urinary angiotensinogen (UAGT) level has been shown highly correlated with intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity and severity of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). (biomedcentral.com)
- In the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, angiotensinogen levels are well known to be increased in diabetes, and these enhanced intrarenal angiotensinogen levels may initiate the development and accelerate the progression of diabetic nephropathy. (ijbs.com)
- Urinary angiotensinogen as a novel biomarker of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system status in hypertensive patients. (elisakits.co.uk)
- The Human, Mouse, and Rat Total Angiotensinogen Assay Kits are ELISA kits that can be used to detect total or intact human, mouse or rat angiotensinogen in serum, EDTA-plasma, urine, or cell culture media. (clontech.com)
- Human angiotensinogen has been purified 390-fold from serum by a rapid high-yielding procedure that involved chromatography on Blue Sepharose, phenyl-Sepharose, hydroxyapatite and immobilized 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). (biochemj.org)
- LS-F13066 is a 96-well enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the Quantitative detection of Human AGT / Angiotensinogen in samples of Plasma and Serum. (lsbio.com)
- The plasma concentration of the placentally derived proMBP (proform of eosinophil major basic protein) increases in pregnancy, and three different complexes containing proMBP have been isolated from pregnancy plasma and serum: a 2:2 complex with the metalloproteinase, PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A), a 2:2 complex with AGT (angiotensinogen) and a 2:2:2 complex with AGT and complement C3dg. (biochemj.org)
- Rat angiotensinogen ELISA kit can be used for measuring quantitative levels of angiotensinogen in rat plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and urine samples. (elisakits.co.uk)
- It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the liver . (wikipedia.org)
- These affinity-purified antibodies recognize either mouse/rat or human angiotensinogen protein. (clontech.com)
- The antibodies can be used for Western blot (WB) detection or immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of angiotensinogen protein. (clontech.com)
- Angiotensinogen core promoter element 1 (AGCE1) is an example of a core promoter element that may occur in a DNA sequence for only one gene (the human angiotensinogen gene angiotensin). (wikiversity.org)
- Because the renin-angiotensin system is species specific, we bred KAP2-hREN mice with the mice expressing human angiotensinogen under the same promoter (KAP-hAGT) to produce offspring that expressed both transgenes. (nih.gov)
- OBJECTIVE The angiotensinogen Thr235 polymorphism associated with preeclampsia is tightly linked to a mutation in the angiotensinogen promoter A(-6), which may lead to elevated expression in decidual spiral arteries. (semanticscholar.org)
- The 5'-flanking region of the angiotensinogen promoter was activated after stretch for 24 hr. (elsevier.com)
- 2) cyclical stretch up-regulates expression of the angiotensinogen gene and (3) the increase in promoter activity may contribute to the induction of angiotensinogen mRNA by cyclical stretch. (elsevier.com)
- Because p53 binding sites are present in the promoter of angiotensinogen (Aogen) and AT 1 receptor genes ( 11 , 12 ), p53 enhances the myocyte renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the formation of angiotensin II (Ang II). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The M235T and T174M angiotensinogen mutations have been linked to increased risk for ischemic heart and cerebrovascular disease. (annals.org)
- Angiotensinogen gene T174M polymorphism is related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (nel.edu)
- Wojciechowska-Durczynska K, Pacholczyk M, Zygmunt A, Krawczyk-Rusiecka K, Ferenc T, Lewinski A. Angiotensinogen gene T174M polymorphism is related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. (nel.edu)
- The clinical data included in the analyses were sex, age, body mass index, cholesterol level, genotype of the angiotensinogen gene, genotype of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (ahajournals.org)
- Multiple regression analysis revealed that only body mass index was a predictor of both diastolic and systolic blood pressure in these 347 subjects, but the genotype of the angiotensinogen gene was identified as a predictor of both diastolic and systolic blood pressure in a subpopulation less than 50 years of age. (ahajournals.org)
- Although subjects with the TT angiotensinogen genotype had significantly greater left ventricular mass than those with either the TM or the MM genotype, the effects of the genotype of the angiotensinogen gene on left ventricular mass were mainly due to effects on blood pressure. (ahajournals.org)
- Moreover, the plasma angiotensinogen concentration was higher in subjects with the TT genotype at position 235 than in subjects with either the TM or the MM genotype. (ahajournals.org)
- Angiotensinogen M235T TT genotype showed a trend towards a lower LVES dimension but results were not statistically significant. (anatoljcardiol.com)
- Angiotensinogen M235T TT genotype showed a tendency towards lower left ventricular mass index but results were not statistically significant. (anatoljcardiol.com)
- HS diet for 4 wk increased renal cortical angiotensinogen mRNA and protein only in male DS, which was prevented by castration. (elsevier.com)
- Kamiyama M, Garner MK, Farragut KM, Sofue T, Hara T, Morikawa T, Konishi Y, Imanishi M, Nishiyama A, Kobori H. Detailed Localization of Augmented Angiotensinogen mRNA and Protein in Proximal Tubule Segments of Diabetic Kidneys in Rats and Humans. (ijbs.com)
- significantly increased urinary angiotensinogen levels compared with H/S + Sham groups using both methods. (nih.gov)
- Determination of plasma and urinary angiotensinogen levels in rodents by newly developed ELISA. (elisakits.co.uk)
- We performed a verification of angiotensinogen in patients who developed AKI after cardiac surgery. (asnjournals.org)
- Therefore, the association of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the T235 (methionine to threonine substitution) polymorphism of the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene with intima-media thickness of the carotid artery was investigated. (uab.edu)
- The minimum sensitivity detection limit of angiotensinogen (AGT) using this rat angiotensinogen ELISA kit was approximately 0.02 ng/ml. (elisakits.co.uk)
- Common structural organization of the angiotensinogen and the α- 1 -antitrypsin genes . (springer.com)
- Therefore, our objective was to determine whether the genes for placental renin (REN) and maternal angiotensinogen (AGT) interact to influence the risk of preeclampsia. (uib.no)
- By comparing plaque size in H4 cells with angiotensinogen release in cell culture, as quantified by radioimmunoassay, the secretion rate of angiotensinogen from pituitary cells was calculated as 22 +/- 8 ng/10(6) cells/24 h. (garvan.org.au)
- Angiotensinogen is the precursor of angiotensin and is cleaved into angiotensin I and II in the renin-angiotensin system. (takarabio.com)
- Angiotensinogen is the precursor of angiotensin hormone. (blogspot.com)
- Acetyl Angiotensinogen (1-14),porcine, The protein encoded by the Angiotensinogen gene is known as pre-angiotensinogen or angiotensinogen precursor. (adooq.com)
- Angiotensinogen gene polymorphisms : relationship to blood pressure response to antihypertensive treatment. (diva-portal.org)
- Renin, an aspartyl protease specific for angiotensinogen, is secreted into the bloodstream by juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney in response to a drop in blood pressure. (wikipathways.org)
- As the urinary angiotensinogen is directly correlated with the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) 2 activity into the kidney, the authors conclude that the iSGLT2 does not activate this system because there are no changes in the urinary angiotensinogen after the treatment. (bmj.com)
- Renin cleaves a decapeptide from angiotensinogen , a globular protein . (wikipedia.org)
- Conclusion: Angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism was not useful to predict left ventricular mass, function, hypertrophy or dilatation in a small population of treated Turkish hypertensive patients with normal coronary arteries. (anatoljcardiol.com)
- Interestingly, the main finding was the association of two genetic variants in the angiotensinogen ( AGT ) gene, the M allele of rs699 and the G allele of rs5051, and TRH in white but not in African-American subjects. (hindawi.com)
- Presence of the angiotensinogen (AGT) -6A allele or the AGT 235T allele were both associated with the most pronounced systolic BP response to atenolol treatment (P =.001 when -6 AA+AG was compared with GG and P =.008 for presence of the 235T variant compared with 235 MM). CONCLUSIONS: We found that SNPs in the angiotensinogen gene were associated with the BP lowering response to atenolol. (diva-portal.org)
- The absorbance values of plasma angiotensinogen were significantly higher in the patients (0.71) with M235T allele than in the controls (0.53). (alliedacademies.org)
- Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosteroid, estrogen, thyroid hormone, and angiotensin II levels. (wikiversity.org)
- More recently other, more tissue-localized pathways leading to angiotensin II and alternative derivatives of angiotensinogen have been identified (reviewed in Kramkowski et al. (wikipathways.org)
- RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a case-control study, the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) gene, the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene (M235T), and the angiotensin II (AII) type 1 receptor gene (AT1 A1166C) were examined in 110 Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. (diabetesjournals.org)
- The angiotensinogen is an important substrate for renin in the RAAS that is finally converted into angiotensin II that plays a key role in the control of blood pressure. (alliedacademies.org)
- In the first step of this process, angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I. Through an additional step, angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. (medlineplus.gov)
- A few years later, the concept of a system specifically involved in BP control came to the light with discovery by Page and Braun-Menendez that renin is a peptidase that produces the vasoconstrictor peptide angiotensin II from the precursor angiotensinogen ( 3 ). (asnjournals.org)
- Angiotensinogen, a precursor of the octapeptide angiotensin II and an effector of the renin-angiotensin system, is synthesized in numerous rat tissues. (utmb.edu)
- Upregulation of p53 was associated with an accumulation of angiotensinogen and AT 1 and enhanced production of angiotensin II. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of natural angiotensins. (ctdbase.org)
- Angiotensinogen is the natural substrate for renin required for the production of all active peptides of the renin-angiotensin system. (egms.de)