Angiotensin III: A heptapeptide formed from ANGIOTENSIN II after the removal of an amino acid at the N-terminal by AMINOPEPTIDASE A. Angiotensin III has the same efficacy as ANGIOTENSIN II in promoting ALDOSTERONE secretion and modifying renal blood flow, but less vasopressor activity (about 40%).Angiotensin II: An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.Glutamyl Aminopeptidase: A ZINC-dependent membrane-bound aminopeptidase that catalyzes the N-terminal peptide cleavage of GLUTAMATE (and to a lesser extent ASPARTATE). The enzyme appears to play a role in the catabolic pathway of the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.Receptors, Angiotensin: Cell surface proteins that bind ANGIOTENSINS and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1: An angiotensin receptor subtype that is expressed at high levels in a variety of adult tissues including the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, the KIDNEY, the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM and the NERVOUS SYSTEM. Activation of the type 1 angiotensin receptor causes VASOCONSTRICTION and sodium retention.Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2: An angiotensin receptor subtype that is expressed at high levels in fetal tissues. Many effects of the angiotensin type 2 receptor such as VASODILATION and sodium loss are the opposite of that of the ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.Angiotensins: Oligopeptides which are important in the regulation of blood pressure (VASOCONSTRICTION) and fluid homeostasis via the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. These include angiotensins derived naturally from precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, and those synthesized.Antigens, CD13: Zinc-binding metalloproteases that are members of the type II integral membrane metalloproteases. They are expressed by GRANULOCYTES; MONOCYTES; and their precursors as well as by various non-hematopoietic cells. They release an N-terminal amino acid from a peptide, amide or arylamide.Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists: Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS. Many drugs in this class specifically target the ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers: Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS.Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers: Agents that antagonize the ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 2 RECEPTOR.Natriuretic Agents: Endogenous or exogenous chemicals that regulate the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in the body. They consist of peptides and non-peptide compounds.Angiotensin Amide: The octapeptide amide of bovine angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction.Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.Gold Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain gold as an integral part of the molecule.TetrazolesLosartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.Sulfonic Acids: Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the RSO2(OH) radical.Aminopeptidases: A subclass of EXOPEPTIDASES that act on the free N terminus end of a polypeptide liberating a single amino acid residue. EC 3.4.11.Benzimidazoles: Compounds with a BENZENE fused to IMIDAZOLES.Renin-Angiotensin System: A BLOOD PRESSURE regulating system of interacting components that include RENIN; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; and angiotensinase. Renin, an enzyme produced in the kidney, acts on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2 globulin produced by the liver, forming ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, contained in the lung, acts on angiotensin I in the plasma converting it to ANGIOTENSIN II, an extremely powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II causes contraction of the arteriolar and renal VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE, leading to retention of salt and water in the KIDNEY and increased arterial blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II stimulates the release of ALDOSTERONE from the ADRENAL CORTEX, which in turn also increases salt and water retention in the kidney. Angiotensin-converting enzyme also breaks down BRADYKININ, a powerful vasodilator and component of the KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM.Imidazoles: Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).Natriuresis: Sodium excretion by URINATION.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Pyridines: Compounds with a six membered aromatic ring containing NITROGEN. The saturated version is PIPERIDINES.Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A: A peptidyl-dipeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal dipeptide, -Xaa-*-Xbb-Xcc, when neither Xaa nor Xbb is Pro. It is a Cl(-)-dependent, zinc glycoprotein that is generally membrane-bound and active at neutral pH. It may also have endopeptidase activity on some substrates. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.15.1.Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors: A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.1-Sarcosine-8-Isoleucine Angiotensin II: An ANGIOTENSIN II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.Biphenyl CompoundsRenin: A highly specific (Leu-Leu) endopeptidase that generates ANGIOTENSIN I from its precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, leading to a cascade of reactions which elevate BLOOD PRESSURE and increase sodium retention by the kidney in the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.99.19.Vasoconstrictor Agents: Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.Holocaust: A massive slaughter, especially the systematic mass extermination of European Jews in Nazi concentration camps prior to and during World War II.Cough: A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.Hypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Quinic Acid: An acid which is found in cinchona bark and elsewhere in plants. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Access to Information: Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.Myocytes, Smooth Muscle: Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).Journal Impact Factor: A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.History, Ancient: The period of history before 500 of the common era.Hypertension, Portal: Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.Probiotics: Live microbial DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Antibiotics and other related compounds are not included in this definition. In humans, lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics, either as single species or in mixed culture with other bacteria. Other genera that have been used are bifidobacteria and streptococci. (J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401-12)Peer Review: An organized procedure carried out by a select committee of professionals in evaluating the performance of other professionals in meeting the standards of their specialty. Review by peers is used by editors in the evaluation of articles and other papers submitted for publication. Peer review is used also in the evaluation of grant applications. It is applied also in evaluating the quality of health care provided to patients.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.Portal Vein: A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.
Angiotensin receptor subtype 1 mediates angiotensin II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP production in preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells. (1/90)
In a previous study, we found that angiotensin (Ang) II enhances beta-adrenoceptor-induced cAMP production in cultured preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells (PMVSMCs) obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats. The purpose of the present investigation was to identify the Ang receptor subtypes that mediate this effect. In our first study, we compared the ability of Ang II, Ang III, Ang (3-8), and Ang (1-7) to increase cAMP production in isoproterenol (1 microM)-treated PMVSMCs. Each peptide was tested at 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 nM. Both Ang II and Ang III increased intracellular (EC50s, 1 and 11 nM, respectively) and extracellular (EC50s, 2 and 14 nM, respectively) cAMP levels in a concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, Ang (3-8) and Ang (1-7) did not enhance either intracellular or extracellular cAMP levels at any concentration tested. In our second study, we examined the ability of L 158809 [a selective Ang receptor subtype 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist] to inhibit Ang II (100 nM) and Ang III (100 nM) enhancement of isoproterenol (1 microM)-induced cAMP production in PMVSMCs. L 158809 (10 nM) abolished or nearly abolished (p <.001) Ang II and Ang III enhancement of isoproterenol-induced intracellular and extracellular cAMP levels. In contrast, PD 123319 (300 nM; a selective AT2 receptor antagonist) did not significantly alter Ang II enhancement of isoproterenol-induced intracellular or extracellular cAMP levels. We conclude that AT1 receptors, but not AT2, Ang (3-8), nor Ang (1-7) receptors mediate Ang II and Ang III enhancement of beta-adrenoceptor-induced cAMP production in cultured PMVSMCs. (+info)Prejunctional angiotensin receptors involved in the facilitation of noradrenaline release in mouse tissues. (2/90)
The effect of angiotensin II, angiotensin III, angiotensin IV and angiotensin-(1-7) on the electrically induced release of noradrenaline was studied in preparations of mouse atria, spleen, hippocampus, occipito-parietal cortex and hypothalamus preincubated with [3H]-noradrenaline. The prejunctional angiotensin receptor type was investigated using the non-selective receptor antagonist saralasin (AT1/AT2) and the AT1 and AT2 selective receptor antagonists losartan and PD 123319, respectively. In atrial and splenic preparations, angiotensin II (0.01 nM-0.1 microM) and angiotensin III (0.01 and 0.1 nM-1 microM) increased the stimulation-induced overflow of tritium in a concentration-dependent manner. Angiotensin IV, only at high concentrations (1 and 10 pM), enhanced tritium overflow in the atria, while angiotensin-(1-7) (0.1 nM-10 microM) was without effect in both preparations. In preparations of hippocampus, occipito-parietal cortex and hypothalamus, none of the angiotensin peptides altered the evoked overflow of tritium. In atrial and splenic preparations, saralasin (0.1 microM) and losartan (0.1 and 1 microM), but not PD 123319 (0.1 microM), shifted the concentration-response curves of angiotensin II and angiotensin III to the right. In conclusion, in mouse atria and spleen, angiotensin II and angiotensin III facilitate the action potential induced release of noradrenaline via a prejunctional AT1 receptor. Only high concentrations of angiotensin IV are effective in the atria and angiotensin-(1-7) is without effect in both preparations. In mouse brain areas, angiotensin II, angiotensin III, angiotensin IV and angiotensin-(1-7) do not modulate the release of noradrenaline. (+info)Aminopeptidase A activity and angiotensin III effects on [Ca2+]i along the rat nephron. (3/90)
BACKGROUND: This study examined the specific effects of angiotensin III (Ang III) along the nephron. METHODS: We examined the distribution of aminopeptidase A (APA) activity by using a specific APA inhibitor and by immunostaining with an antirat kidney APA antibody, the Ang III-induced variations of [Ca2+]i by using fura-2 and the characterization of the receptor subtype involved in the response to Ang III in cortical thick ascending limb (CTAL). RESULTS: APA activity was found all along the nephron but was higher in the cortex than in the medulla. This was confirmed by immunostaining. Increases in [Ca2+]i elicited by 10(-7) mol/liter Ang III were observed all along the nephron. The characterization of the receptor subtype involved in the [Ca2+]i response to Ang III in CTAL indicated that EC50 values for Ang III and Ang II were similar (13.5 and 10.3 nmol/liter, respectively), and Ang III-induced responses were totally abolished by AT1 receptor but not by AT2 receptor antagonists. There was a cross-desensitization of [Ca2+]i responses to 10(-7) mol/liter Ang III and Ang II, and the [Ca2+]i responses to 10(-7) mol/liter Ang II and Ang III were not additive. CONCLUSION: These results show that in CTAL, the [Ca2+]i responses to Ang II and Ang III occur through the same AT1a receptor because this subtype is predominant in this segment. Taken together, these data suggest that APA could be a key enzyme to generate Ang III from Ang II in the kidney. (+info)Aminopeptidase A inhibitors as potential central antihypertensive agents. (4/90)
Overactivity of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development and maintenance of hypertension in several experimental models, such as spontaneously hypertensive rats and transgenic mice expressing both human renin and human angiotensinogen transgenes. We recently reported that, in the murine brain, angiotensin II (AngII) is converted to angiotensin III (AngIII) by aminopeptidase A (APA), whereas AngIII is inactivated by aminopeptidase N (APN). If injected into cerebral ventricles (ICV), AngII and AngIII cause similar pressor responses. Because AngII is metabolized in vivo into AngIII, the exact nature of the active peptide is not precisely determined. Here we report that, in rats, ICV injection of the selective APA inhibitor EC33 [(S)-3-amino-4-mercaptobutyl sulfonic acid] blocked the pressor response of exogenous AngII, suggesting that the conversion of AngII to AngIII is required to increase blood pressure (BP). Furthermore, ICV injection, but not i.v. injection, of EC33 alone caused a dose-dependent decrease in BP by blocking the formation of brain but not systemic AngIII. This is corroborated by the fact that the selective APN inhibitor, PC18 (2-amino-4-methylsulfonyl butane thiol), administered alone via the ICV route, increases BP. This pressor response was blocked by prior treatment with the angiotensin type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonist, losartan, showing that blocking the action of APN on AngIII metabolism leads to an increase in endogenous AngIII levels, resulting in BP increase, through interaction with AT(1) receptors. These data demonstrate that AngIII is a major effector peptide of the brain RAS, exerting tonic stimulatory control over BP. Thus, APA, the enzyme responsible for the formation of brain AngIII, represents a potential central therapeutic target that justifies the development of APA inhibitors as central antihypertensive agents. (+info)Primary and secondary locations of charge sites in angiotensin II (M + 2H)2+ ions formed by electrospray ionization. (5/90)
High-energy tandem mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics calculations are used to determine the locations of charge in metastably decomposing (M + 2H)2+ ions of human angiotensin II. Charge-separation reactions provide critical information regarding charge sites in multiple charged ions. The most probable kinetic energy released (Tm.p.) from these decompositions are obtained using kinetic energy release distributions (KERDs) in conjunction with MS/MS (MS2), MS/MS/MS (MS3), and MS/MS/MS/MS (MS4) experiments. The most abundant singly and doubly charged product ions arise from precursor ion structures in which one proton is located on the arginine (Arg) side chain and the other proton is located on a distal peptide backbone carbonyl oxygen. The MS3 KERD experiments show unequivocally that neither the N-terminal amine nor the aspartic acid (Asp) side chain are sites of protonation. In the gas phase, protonation of the less basic peptide backbone instead of the more proximal and basic histidine (His) side chain is favored as a result of reduced coulomb repulsion between the two charge sites. The singly and doubly charged product ions of lesser abundance arise from precursor ion structures in which one proton is located on the Arg side chain and the other on the His side chain. This is demonstrated in the MS3 and MS4 mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry experiments. Interestingly, (b7" + OH)2+ product ions, like the (M + 2H)2+ ions of angiotensin II, are observed to have at least two different decomposing structures in which charge sites have a primary and secondary location. (+info)Angiotensin III depressor action in the conscious rabbit is blocked by losartan but not PD 123319. (6/90)
Vasodilator and vasodepressor properties of angiotensins have been reported, and mediation by prostaglandins or nitric oxide has been proposed. Other studies indicate that angiotensin AT(2) receptors might mediate a depressor action, and the present study was designed to delineate and explore this possibility in a conscious rabbit model. Large intravenous boluses of angiotensin III (15 nmol/kg) produced a predictable pressor peak (82+/-4 mm Hg) followed by a depressor phase (20+/-3 mm Hg), whereas equipressor doses of angiotensin II were less effective at producing depressor responses. Angiotensin-(1-7) did not exert a depressor action, and the reduced potency of angiotensin IV (relative to angiotensin III) was similar for both the pressor and depressor phases ( approximately 100-fold). It is clear that specific angiotensin IV or angiotensin-(1-7) receptors do not mediate depressor effects in this model. The AT(1) antagonist losartan (1 mg/kg) blocked both the pressor and depressor components of the angiotensin III response, whereas the AT(2) antagonist PD 123319 (35 mg/kg) had no effect on either element of the response. The data obtained with the angiotensin receptor subtype-selective compounds, losartan and PD 123319, suggest that the depressor action is an AT(1)-mediated effect and give no indication that AT(2) receptors could be involved. Paradoxically, the greater potency of angiotensin III as a vasodepressor belies the conclusion that the response is AT(1)-mediated, because AT(1) receptors have a greater affinity for angiotensin II versus angiotensin III. (+info)Enhancement of noradrenaline release by angiotensin II and bradykinin in mouse atria: evidence for cross-talk between G(q/11) protein- and G(i/o) protein-coupled receptors. (7/90)
1. The interaction between alpha(2)-autoreceptors and receptors for angiotensin (AT(1)) and bradykinin (B(2)) was studied in mouse isolated atria. The preparations were labelled with [(3)H]-noradrenaline and then superfused with desipramine-containing medium and stimulated electrically. 2. Angiotensin II (10(-11) - 10(-7) M), angiotensin III (10(-10) - 10(-6) M) and bradykinin (10(-11) - 10(-7) M) enhanced the evoked overflow of tritium when preparations were stimulated with conditions that led to marked alpha(2)-autoinhibition (120 pulses at 3 Hz), but not when stimulated with conditions that led to little alpha(2)-autoinhibition (20 pulses at 50 Hz). 3. Blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors by phentolamine (1 or 10 microM) reduced or abolished the effect of angiotensin II and bradykinin on the overflow response to 120 pulses at 3 Hz. 4. Addition of the delta-opioid agonist [D-Ser(2)]-leucine enkephalin-Thr (DSLET, 0.1 microM), or of neuropeptide Y (0.1 microM), together with phentolamine, restored the effect of angiotensin II and bradykinin. 5. The beta-adrenoceptor agonist terbutaline (10(-9) - 10(-4) M) enhanced the evoked overflow of tritium irrespective of the degree of autoinhibition. 6. The experiments show that (i) a marked prejunctional facilitatory effect of angiotensin and bradykinin in mouse isolated atria requires prejunctional alpha(2)-autoinhibition; (ii) in the absence of alpha(2)-autoinhibition, activation of other prejunctional G(i/o) protein-coupled receptors, namely opioid and neuropeptide Y receptors, restores a marked effect of angiotensin II and bradykinin; and (iii) the facilitatory effect of terbutaline is not dependent upon the degree of alpha(2)-autoinhibition. The findings indicate that the major part of the release-enhancing effect elicited through prejunctional G(q/11) protein-coupled receptors is due to disruption of an ongoing, alpha(2)-autoreceptor-triggered G(i/o) protein mediated inhibition. (+info)Angiotensin III increases MCP-1 and activates NF-kappaB and AP-1 in cultured mesangial and mononuclear cells. (8/90)
BACKGROUND: Monocyte infiltration is a common feature of renal diseases. Angiotensin II (Ang II) participates in inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidney. However, the influence of other peptides of the renin-angiotensin system, such as the N-terminal Ang II degradation product Ang III, has not been addressed. METHODS: In cultured renal and mononuclear cells, we investigated whether Ang III is involved in monocyte recruitment through the regulation of the chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; Northern blot, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and chemotaxis), and the activation of transcription factors, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activating protein-1 (AP-1; electrophoretic mobility shift assay). RESULTS: In cultured rat mesangial and mononuclear cells, Ang III increased MCP-1 gene expression and protein levels. Supernatants from Ang III-treated mesangial cells showed increased chemoattractant activity for monocytes, which was partially inhibited by the addition of anti-MCP-1 antibody. Ang III elicited a rapid NF-kappaB activation (8-fold, after 30 min), showing a kinetics and intensity similar to that observed with Ang II and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The maximal NF-kappaB activation was correlated with nuclear translocation of p50 and p65 subunits and disappearance of cytosolic IkappaB. Ang III also activated AP-1 (5-fold, after 18 h), while SP-1 was unchanged. Two NF-kappaB inhibitors abolished the Ang III-induced MCP-1 mRNA expression, suggesting that overexpression of this chemokine is mediated, at least in part, by NF-kappaB activation. CONCLUSIONS: Ang III activates the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 and increases the expression of related genes, such as MCP-1. Our study describes a novel and potent proinflammatory action of this Ang degradation product, expanding the present view of the renin-angiotensin system. (+info)Drapala A, Sikora M, Ufnal M (September 2014). "Statins, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and hypertension - a tale of ... Adult Treatment Panel III): Executive Summary. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood ... A 2015 Cochrane systematic review update reported that rosuvastatin is more than three-fold more potent than atorvastatin.[39] ... 41 (3): 40-43. Retrieved 6 October 2018.. *^ Wolozin B, Wang SW, Li NC, Lee A, Lee TA, Kazis LE (July 2007). "Simvastatin is ...
There are three isoforms (identified as ET-1, -2, -3) with varying regions of expression and binding to at least four known ... Agapitov AV, Haynes WG; Haynes (March 2002). "Role of endothelin in cardiovascular disease". J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone ... Some 3'-UTR AU-rich elements (AREs) play important regulatory roles in cytokine and proto-oncogene expression by influencing ... 3 (5): 256-63. doi:10.1038/ncpneuro0490. PMID 17479073. Hasue F, Kuwaki T, Kisanuki YY, Yanagisawa M, Moriya H, Fukuda Y, ...
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II. 5. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of ... Renin-angiotensin system: 1. The kidneys sense low blood pressure. 2. Release renin into the blood. 3. Renin causes production ...
Angiotensinogen and angiotensin. AGT. liver. angiotensin receptor → IP3. vasoconstriction release of aldosterone from adrenal ... increase circulating level of factors 2, 7, 9, 10, antithrombin III, plasminogen ... Activates the renin-angiotensin system by producing angiotensin I of angiotensinogen Secretin. SCT. duodenum. S cell. SCT ... E3. placenta. syncytiotrophoblast. ER. glucocorticoid. Cortisol. adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata and zona reticularis cells). ...
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Smith A, Price C, Cullen M, Muda M, King A, Ozanne B, Arkinstall S, Ashworth A (Jun 1997). "Chromosomal localization of three ... Rössig L, Hermann C, Haendeler J, Assmus B, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S (Jan 2002). "Angiotensin II-induced upregulation of MAP ... Smith A, Price C, Cullen M, Muda M, King A, Ozanne B, Arkinstall S, Ashworth A (Jun 1997). "Chromosomal localization of three ... Upregulation of MKP-3 has been shown to alleviate chronic postoperative pain. DUSP6 has been shown to interact with MAPK3. ...
Overexpression of this gene in mammalian cells was reported to inhibit angiotensin-II induced cell calcium mobilization and ... in angiotensin-II signaling". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 283 (5): 1061-8. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4881. PMID 11355880. Saha S ... 565 (1-3): 181-7. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.03.062. PMID 15135076. Wu X, Zeng H, Zhang X, et al. (2004). "Phosphatase of ... 2004). "PRL-3 expression in metastatic cancers". Clin. Cancer Res. 9 (15): 5607-15. PMID 14654542. Kozlov G, Cheng J, Ziomek E ...
... by increase in the plasma concentration of angiotensin III. by increased plasma angiotensin II, ACTH, or potassium levels. The ... Control of aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex: The role of the renin-angiotensin system: Angiotensin is involved in ... Angiotensin II acts synergistically with potassium. The role of sympathetic nerves: Aldosterone production is also affected to ... Aldosterone synthase normally is not ACTH sensitive, and only activated by angiotensin II. Aldosterone causes the tubules of ...
The enzyme degrades vasoconstricting angiotensin II into angiotensin III and therefore helps to regulate blood pressure. Reaux ... which generates one of the main effector peptides of the brain renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin III, has a key role in ...
... in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), keeping Angiotensin I from being converted to Angiotensin II. The ... Lisinopril is a drug of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor class used primarily in treatment of high blood ... 1980). "A new class of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors". Nature. 288 (5788): 280-3. Bibcode:1980Natur.288..280P. doi: ... Lisinopril is an ACE Inhibitor, meaning it blocks the actions of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) ...
This leads to the product angiotensin I (Ang I) which is a decapeptide. Ang I is broken down by the angiotensin-converting ... There are four S pockets, and three S′ pockets (table 1). The pockets alternate on either side of the backbone in the ligand. ... Ferrario, C. M.; Iyer, S. N. (1998). "Angiotensin-(1-7): A bioactive fragment of the renin-angiotensin system". Regulatory ... design Angiotensin Angiotensin II receptor antagonist Beta blocker Circulatory system Discovery and development of angiotensin ...
Also able to cleave angiotensin III to generate angiotensin IV, a bioactive peptide of the renin-angiotensin pathway. Due to ... Chromosome 9 open reading frame 3 (C9ORF3) also known as aminopeptidase O (APO) is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the ...
Agapitov AV, Haynes WG (March 2002). "Role of endothelin in cardiovascular disease". J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 3 (1 ... Štitasta žlezda: tiroidni hormon (T3 i T4) • kalcitonin. Paraštitna žlezda: PTH ... Poznate su tri izoforme (ET-1, -2, -3) sa različitim regionima izražavanja, i dva ključna tipa receptora, ETA i ETB. ... 3): 155-65. PMID 1331845. doi:10.1016/0143-4179(92)90158-S. Cite uses deprecated parameter ,month=. (help) ...
increase in the plasma concentration of angiotensin III, a metabolite of angiotensin II ... The role of the renin-angiotensin systemEdit. Angiotensin is involved in regulating aldosterone and is the core regulation.[16] ... The level of angiotensin II is regulated by angiotensin I, which is in turn regulated by renin, a hormone secreted in the ... Angiotensin II acts synergistically with potassium, and the potassium feedback is virtually inoperative when no angiotensin II ...
It does so by inhibiting the enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN), dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP3), angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ... 3) receptor antagonist". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 50 (18): 4543-7. doi:10.1021/jm070114m. PMID 17676725. ...
Around one in three subjects develops systemic symptoms;[102] after a number of hours, or rarely, delayed for more than 24 ... These likely make the venom stronger by altering the victim's physiology.[103] Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, or ACE ... In about two of three cases, the female fully consumes the male while mating continues. Males which are not eaten die of their ... Young, Anna R.; Pincus, Steven J. (February-March 2001). "Comparison of Enzymatic Activity from Three Species of Necrotising ...
Angiotensin II-induced senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells requires down-regulation of ZnT-3 and ZnT-10. Solute carrier ... Patrushev N, Seidel-Rogol B, Salazar G (2012). "Angiotensin II requires zinc and downregulation of the zinc transporters ZnT3 ... In mice, ZnT-3 is required for some forms of memory that depend on the hippocampus and the amygdala. Zinc transport by ZnT-3 ... Zinc transporter 3 also known as solute carrier family 30 member 3 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SLC30A3 gene. ...
The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and the inactivation of bradykinin were thought to be mediated by the same ... The short half-life necessitates two or three times per day dosing, which may reduce patient compliance. The adverse effect and ... The first breakthrough was made by Kevin K.F. Ng in 1967, when he found the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II took ... Ng, KKF; Vane, JR (1967). "Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II". Nature. 216: 762-766. doi:10.1038/216762a0. PMID ...
This protein may also be involved in blood pressure regulation by inactivation of angiotensin II. Three transcript variants ... 19 (3): 251-7. doi:10.1002/humu.10047. PMID 11857741. Cui X, Hawari F, Alsaaty S, Lawrence M, Combs CA, Geng W, Rouhani FN, ... 3 (12): 1169-76. doi:10.1038/ni859. PMID 12436109. York IA, Chang SC, Saric T, Keys JA, Favreau JM, Goldberg AL, Rock KL (2002 ... 419 (6906): 480-3. doi:10.1038/nature01074. PMID 12368856. Saric T, Chang SC, Hattori A, York IA, Markant S, Rock KL, Tsujimoto ...
Angiotensin converting enzyme. *Antithrombin-III. *Lipoprotein lipase. *Apolipoproteins. *Growth factors. *Chemokines. The ... 3. p. 345-359 *^ Ebong, Eno; Macaluso FP; Spray DC; Tarbell JM (August 2011). "Imaging the Endothelial Glycocalyx In Vitro By ...
The risk of developing hyperkalemia is increased in patients who are also on ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor ... Angiotensin II: a powerful controller of sodium transport in the early proximal tubule, Hypertension. 1990;15:451-458, doi: ... of the action of angiotensin II on the secretion of hydrogen ions in proximal tubule cells. Amiloride was also tested as ...
"A new class of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors". Nature 288 (5788): 280-3. PMID 6253826. doi:10.1038/288280a0. ... Effect on blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin system". Curr Therap Res 37: 342-51. ... doi:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. edit *↑ Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). "Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and ... 2S)-1-[(2S)-6-amino-2[(1S)-1-karboksi-3-fenilpropil]amino}heksanoil]pirolidin-2-karboksilna kiselina ...
There are three volume regulating systems: two salt saving systems, the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and the ... As of 2017 a truncated form of ANP called ularitide was under development in Phase III trials for heart failure. Brain ... Omapatrilat (dual inhibitor of NEP and angiotensin-converting enzyme) developed by BMS did not receive FDA approval due to ... Other dual inhibitors of NEP with ACE/angiotensin receptor are (in 2003) being developed by pharmaceutical companies. ANP is ...
2000). "The novel G-protein coupled receptor SALPR shares sequence similarity with somatostatin and angiotensin receptors". ... 2005). "Relaxin-3/insulin-like peptide 5 chimeric peptide, a selective ligand for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)135 and ... Van der Westhuizen ET, Sexton PM, Bathgate RA, Summers RJ (2005). "Responses of GPCR135 to human gene 3 (H3) relaxin in CHO-K1 ... Relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 3, also known as RXFP3, is a human G-protein coupled receptor. Relaxin receptor ...
"SMAD3 deficiency promotes inflammatory aortic aneurysms in angiotensin II-infused mice via activation of iNOS". Journal of the ... The MH1 structure consists of four-helices and three sets of antiparallel β-hairpins, one of which is used to interact with DNA ... the three residues strictly conserved in all R-SMADS and in SMAD4 (Arg74 and Gln76 located in β2 and Lys81 in β3 in SMAD3) ... underlining the critical roles of these three proteins within the TGF-β signaling pathway and the impact of this pathway in ...
... are superior to other inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system such as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs),[115] or ... A second oral agent of another class or insulin may be added if metformin is not sufficient after three months.[87] Other ... 65 (3): 385-411. doi:10.2165/00003495-200565030-00005. PMID 15669880.. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Melmed, Shlomo ... "Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular ...
Rabbit polyclonal Angiotensin III antibody conjugated to Biotin. Validated in ELISA, RIA and tested in Human. Immunogen ... Angiotensin III is an eptapeptide drived from cleavage of full length angiotensin (AGT). AGT is a polypeptide vasopressor ... Angiotensin III (heptapeptide) is a degradation product of angiotensin II, and has less vasopressor activity than the parent ... However, Angiotensin III does stimulate aldosterone release. The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the ...
Angiotensin III acetate salt hydrate for your research needs. Find product specific information including CAS, MSDS, protocols ... Angiotensins, Cell Biology, Cell Signaling and Neuroscience, Neuropeptides, Peptides and Proteins, Peptides for Cell Biology ...
The renal mechanisms responsible for angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension remain incompletely understood. The present ... Role of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 in angiotensin II-induced hypertension.. Li XC1, Shull GE2, Miguel-Qin E1, Zhuo JL3. ... 3. Laboratory of Receptor and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Division of Nephrology, ... and glycogen synthase kinase 3αβ signaling proteins in the proximal tubules (P , 0.01). We concluded that NHE3 in proximal ...
Three Candidate Genes and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Related Cough. A Pharmacogenetic Analysis. Robert Y. L. Zee, ... Three Candidate Genes and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Related Cough. Robert Y. L. Zee, Valluri S. Rao, Robert Z. ... Three Candidate Genes and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Related Cough. Robert Y. L. Zee, Valluri S. Rao, Robert Z. ... Association between cough and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors versus angiotensin II antagonists: the design of a ...
Is the adrenal angiotensin receptor angiotensin II--or angiotensin III like? Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1983 Jan; 102(1):116-21. ... "Angiotensin III" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Angiotensin III" was a major or minor topic of ... The rates of peptide NH exchange with solvent for [Asn1, Val5]angiotensin II, angiotensin III and saralasin. Biochim Biophys ... Offset of actions of angiotensin II, angiotensin III, and their analogue antagonists in renal and femoral vascular beds: ...
The half-lives of angiotensin II, angiotensin II-amide, angiotensin III, Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II and renin in the circulatory ... Effects of des-Asp-angiotensin I on the contractile action of angiotensin II and angiotensin III. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995;278:175 ... Angiotensin-(1-7) did not exert a depressor action, and the reduced potency of angiotensin IV (relative to angiotensin III) was ... Comparative effects of angiotensin II and its degradation products angiotensin III and angiotensin IV in rat aorta. Br J ...
Antidysrhythmics, III. Class Summary. Antiarrhythmics are useful in patients with supraventricular and nonsustained ventricular ... Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Class Summary. Angiotensin receptor blockers are as effective as ACE inhibitors in the ... Olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking binding of angiotensin II to the AT-1 ... Enalapril prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, resulting in increased levels of ...
O-Caffeoylquinic Acid Inhibits Angiotensin-II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Downregulating ... O-Caffeoylquinic Acid Inhibits Angiotensin-II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Downregulating ... 3Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. ... Wen-Fei Chiou,1,2,3 Chien-Chih Chen,1 and Bai-Luh Wei2 ... Wen-Fei Chiou, Chien-Chih Chen, and Bai-Luh Wei, "3,4-Di- ...
However, it was alarming to hear that the FDA has approved angiotensin II for use based on it. Precious little evidence is ... With angiotensin II arriving at hospitals soon, some cautions are in order. ... Upon first reading the ATHOS-3 trial, I was pleasantly optimistic. Who wouldnt be interested in a shiny new vasopressor? The ... PulmCrit- Angiotensin II: five cautions & three comparisons. PulmCrit- Angiotensin II: five cautions & three comparisons. ...
Probiotics (VSL#3) Prevent Endothelial Dysfunction in Rats with Portal Hypertension: Role of the Angiotensin System ... PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, and is based in San Francisco, California, US ...
angiotensin. AT1R. ANG II type 1 receptor. H3R. histamine 3 receptor. H4R. histamine 4 receptor. I/R. ischemia/reperfusion. l- ... angiotensin II, formed locally by mast cell-derived renin, stimulates NHE via angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors, ... 2003) Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:8258-8263. ... angiotensin I converting enzyme 2. CBP. clobenpropit. EXP3174. 2-n-butyl-4-chloro-1-((2′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) biphenyl-4-yl) ...
airway remodelling, angiotensin-(1-7), collagen-I, human lung fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, Smad2/3, TGF-β1 ... Angiotensin II inhibits DDAH1-nNOS signaling via AT1R and μOR dimerization to modulate blood pressure control in the central ... Angiotensin-(1-7) decreases the expression of collagen I via TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and subsequently inhibits fibroblast-myofibroblast ... Jian Ping Zhou, Wei Tang, Yun Feng, Ning Li, Chen Juan Gu, Qing Yun Li, Huan Ying Wan; Angiotensin-(1-7) decreases the ...
... in two of three consecutive sterile urine samples) and were not treated with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. ... the genetic structure of ACE is made up of three ancestral regions. The chosen SNP were selected in these three regions because ... Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) is a risk factor for DN. Its plasma levels have been reported to be associated with DN ... Angiotensin 1-converting enzyme gene (ACE) is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 1 diabetes. The ...
The angiotensin II antagonist [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated corticosterone and aldosterone ... Effects of angiotensin II and [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II. Robert F. Bing, Dennis Schulster ... Effects of angiotensin II and [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... Angiotensin II effects on cyclic AMP production and steroid output were studied in a sensitive preparation of isolated rat ...
Effect of Renin Angiotensin System Blockade on Pentraxin 3 Levels in Type-2 Diabetic Patients With Proteinuria. Mahmut Ilker ... After three washing intervals, 100 μl enzyme conjugate (peroxidase-labeled anti-CRP) was added on each micro well for ... Three adjacent measurements of end-diastolic brachial artery diameter were made from single two-dimensional frames. All ... Peng N, Liu JT, Gao DF, Lin R, Li R: Angiotensin II-induced C-reactive protein generation: Inflammatory role of vascular smooth ...
ClC-3 promotes angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species production in endothelial cells by facilitating Nox2 NADPH ... Treatment with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1 μmol/L) significantly elevated ClC-3 expression in cultured human umbilical vein ... Recent evidence suggests that ClC-3, a member of the ClC family of Cl− channels or Cl−/H+ antiporters, plays a critical role in ... ClC-3 promotes angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species production in endothelial cells by facilitating Nox2 NADPH ...
... and Family-Based Study in Three European Populations. Samy Hadjadj, Lise Tarnow, Carol Forsblom, Gbenga Kazeem, Michel Marre, ... Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms and Diabetic Nephropathy: Case-Control, Haplotype, and ... Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms and Diabetic Nephropathy: Case-Control, Haplotype, and ... Association between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphisms and Diabetic Nephropathy: Case-Control, Haplotype, ...
The role of angiotensin II.. S Ichikawa, J A Johnson, W L Fowler, C G Payne, K Kurz, W F Keitzer ... Infusions of angiotensin II (A II) in either subpressor or pressor amounts potentiated the pressor responses to NE in normal ... Infusion of the A II antagonist, [1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine]angiotensin II, did not alter the pressor responses of normal ... this A II antagonist did not alter the control arterial pressure in any of the three groups of rabbits. These studies show that ...
In response to lowered blood pressure, the renin enzyme cleaves angiotensin-1 from angiotensin. Angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ... Peptide binds specifically to a new angiotensin binding site distinct from angiotensin 2 receptors. ... ACE) then removes a dipeptide to yield the physiologically active peptide angiotensin-2, the most potent pressor substance ...
Chronic activation of the angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT-1R) is critical in the development of chronic kidney ... a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor), an Akt inhibitor, and stable transfection of dominant negative-Akt1. ANG II ... Angiotensin II Induces Endothelin-1 Expression in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. *Chao He, Xiongying Miao, Jiequn Li, Haizhi Qi ... Angiotensin II Protects Primary Rat Hepatocytes against Bile Salt-Induced Apoptosis. *Golnar Karimian, Manon Buist-Homan, ...
NitRated Angiotensin I, Certified Mass Spec grade Proteins A ... NitRated Angiotensin I, Certified Mass Spec grade 3 vials Alfa ...
Mouse anti-Human ANGIOTENSIN I/II/III Monoclonal Antibody-NP_000020.1 (MBS211345) product datasheet at MyBioSource, Primary ... ANGIOTENSIN I/II/III. This item recognizes Angiotensin I, Angiotensin II and Angiotensin III in ELISA.. Incomplete mapping ... Angiotensin 2-8; Angiotensin III; Ang III; Des-Asp[1]-angiotensin IIAngiotensin-4; Alternative name(s):; Angiotensin 3-8; ... Angiotensin 1-10; Angiotensin I; Ang IAngiotensin-2; Alternative name(s):; Angiotensin 1-8; Angiotensin II; Ang IIAngiotensin-3 ...
angiotensin III ligand page. Quantitative data and detailed annnotation of the targets of licensed and experimental drugs. ... Ang, AngII, angiotensin II, angiotensinogen, angiotensinogen (PAT), angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, ... angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8), angiotensin ...
angiotensin III ligand page. Quantitative data and detailed annnotation of the targets of licensed and experimental drugs. ...
Angiotensin III (Ang III, 10−7M) significantly stimulates p38 phosphorylation. Cells were incubated with Ang III (10−7 M) for ... Angiotensin III (Ang III)-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production in HK-2 cells via the Ang II type-1 ( ... 1. Angiotensin III (Ang III) increases monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 synthesis in HK-2 cells by stimulating p38 and c-Jun ... Conversion of renal angiotensin II to angiotensin III is critical for AT2 receptor-mediated natriuresis in rats. Hypertension ...
ReceptorsAngiotensinogenEnzyme inhibitorsAbstractHypertensionBlockersPeptidesBlockadeAldosterone releaseVasoconstrictorInhibitorAntagonistACEICardiacEndothelial cellsPharmacologyPrecursorOctapeptidePeptide hormoneSecretionRegulationAdrenal cortexRole of angiotensinDose of angiotensinEffects of angiotensinProteinsAngIIBradykininLiverPressorNonpeptide angiotensinHormoneInhibitionRAASStimulates the releasePathwayVascularRegulatesMechanismsHeptapeptideInhibitsResponsesPhysiologicallyProteinLosartanAminoNorepinephrineIncreasesRatsVasoconstrictionSelectiveBloodCardiovascular DiseaseDecapeptideKidney
- Angiotensin receptors in glomeruli differ from those in renal arterioles. (harvard.edu)
- Offset of actions of angiotensin II, angiotensin III, and their analogue antagonists in renal and femoral vascular beds: further evidence for different vascular angiotensin receptors. (harvard.edu)
- Other studies indicate that angiotensin AT 2 receptors might mediate a depressor action, and the present study was designed to delineate and explore this possibility in a conscious rabbit model. (ahajournals.org)
- It is clear that specific angiotensin IV or angiotensin-(1-7) receptors do not mediate depressor effects in this model. (ahajournals.org)
- The data obtained with the angiotensin receptor subtype-selective compounds, losartan and PD 123319, suggest that the depressor action is an AT 1 -mediated effect and give no indication that AT 2 receptors could be involved. (ahajournals.org)
- Paradoxically, the greater potency of angiotensin III as a vasodepressor belies the conclusion that the response is AT 1 -mediated, because AT 1 receptors have a greater affinity for angiotensin II versus angiotensin III. (ahajournals.org)
- Angiotensin III was a more potent depressor than was angiotensin II, and this is consistent with an AT 2 -mediated response because angiotensin III binds less effectively than angiotensin II at AT 1 receptors but has a comparable affinity at AT 2 receptors. (ahajournals.org)
- des-Asp angiotensin I attenuated the contractile responses to angiotensin III but potentiated the response to angiotensin II, and the authors state that the 2 peptides exert their effects at 2 different receptors. (ahajournals.org)
- 5 Our experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the depressor response is mediated by AT 2 receptors and that depressor responses to angiotensin III will be more prominent than those produced by angiotensin II. (ahajournals.org)
- Our experiments also address the hypothesis that angiotensinogenic depressor responses could be mediated by non-AT 1 /AT 2 receptors, because of the experiments by Haberl 6 described above and the observation that angiotensin IV and angiotensin-(1-7) have dilator or depressor activity. (ahajournals.org)
- Conversely, angiotensin II, formed locally by mast cell-derived renin, stimulates NHE via angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptors, facilitating norepinephrine release and arrhythmias. (aspetjournals.org)
- Thus, ischemic dysfunction may depend on a balance between the NHE-modulating effects of H 3 receptors and AT 1 receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
- The Angiotensin 2 [3-Peptide binds specifically to a new angiotensin binding site distinct from angiotensin 2 receptors. (abbiotec.com)
- Losartan (DuP 753) and PD123177 are nonpeptide angiotensin (ANG) receptor ligands for subtypes of ANG II receptors ANG II-1 and ANG II-2, respectively. (elsevier.com)
- In vitro: Most of the known actions of Angiotensin II (Ang II) are mediated by AT1 receptors, the AT2 receptor contributes to the regulation of blood pressure and renal function. (abmole.com)
- At the cellular level, responsiveness to Angiotensin II is conferred by the expression of the two classes of angiotensin receptors (AT1 and AT2). (abmole.com)
- The effects of Angiotensin II to increase blood pressure are mediated by AT1 receptors. (abmole.com)
- Angiotensin II causes hypertension by activating AT1 receptors in the kidney promoting sodium reabsorption. (abmole.com)
- Angiotensin II causes hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy through its receptors in the kidney. (abmole.com)
- Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, competing with the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 receptors with IC50 of 20 nM. (abmole.com)
- Blood pressure also can be lowered using drugs that are designed to block the receptors to which angiotensin II must bind to exert its actions. (britannica.com)
- Angiotensin (Ang) II exerts its important physiological functions through 2 distinct receptor subtypes, type 1 (AT 1 ) and type 2 (AT 2 ) receptors. (ahajournals.org)
- Recently, new evidence has accumulated showing the existence of several novel receptor interacting proteins and various angiotensin II receptor activation mechanisms beyond the classical actions of receptors for Ang II. (ahajournals.org)
- There are three isoforms (identified as ET-1, -2, -3) with varying regions of expression and binding to at least four known endothelin receptors, ETA, ETB1, ETB2 and ETC. Earliest antagonists discovered for ETA is BQ123, and that for ETB is BQ788. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin II is the major bioactive product of the renin-angiotensin system, binding to receptors on intraglomerular mesangial cells , causing these cells to contract along with the blood vessels surrounding them and causing the release of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex . (wikipedia.org)
- 2,3 Most of the physiological actions of Ang II in the cardiovascular system are thought to be mediated by the activation of AT1 receptors. (ahajournals.org)
- All the components of the RAS, including angiotensinogen, prorennin, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and the angiotensin receptors are present not only in the circulation but also in certain tissues including the heart, kidney, and brain (reviewed in ref 4 ). (ahajournals.org)
- Because Ang IV binds with high affinity to sites that are both histologically and pharmacologically distinct from the AT1 and AT2 receptors, the possibility has been raised that a distinct receptor (the AT4 receptor) exists for this angiotensin peptide. (ahajournals.org)
- Expression of angiotensin II and its receptors in activated microglia in experimentally induced cerebral ischemia in the adult rats. (springer.com)
- Renin (called angiotensinogenase) is an enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes cleavage of the leucine leucine bond in angiotensinogen (a serum globulin) to generate angiotensin I in the liver. (abcam.com)
- Plasma angiotensinogen levels are increased by plasma corticosteroid , estrogen , thyroid hormone , and angiotensin II levels. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin I ( CAS # 11128-99-7) is formed by the action of renin on angiotensinogen . (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin I is produced by the action of renin (an enzyme produced by the kidneys ) on a protein called angiotensinogen, which is formed by the liver . (britannica.com)
- Plasma renin then carries out the conversion of angiotensinogen , released by the liver, to angiotensin I . Angiotensin I is subsequently converted to angiotensin II by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) found on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, predominantly those of the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are widely used for the treatment of hypertension and are presently the uncontested drugs of choice for the treatment of congestive heart failure. (ahajournals.org)
- The majority of well-known Ang II actions are mediated via AT 1 receptor stimulation, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and AT 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) have been widely used as antihypertensive drugs, with the expectation of cardiovascular protective effects. (ahajournals.org)
- Azotemia and hyperkalemia are known to limit the use of drugs that antagonize the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, thus, fewer patients with CKD enjoy the cardiovascular benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotension II receptor antagonists, and aldosterone receptor blockers. (renalandurologynews.com)
- As per the guidelines of European Society of Cardiology (ESC) [ 10 ] and the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) [ 11 ], it has been recommended to prescribe multiple medications like loop diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), beta blockers, aldosterone antagonist like spironolactone, and ionotropics like digoxin for beneficial effects in cardiac failure patients. (ijpsonline.com)
- Abstract -Unexplained, persistent cough limits the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in a significant number of patients. (ahajournals.org)
- Abstract -Vasodilator and vasodepressor properties of angiotensins have been reported, and mediation by prostaglandins or nitric oxide has been proposed. (ahajournals.org)
- The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood volume and blood pressure, stimulates antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone production, and the hypothalamus to activate the thirst reflex, but is crucial in the pathogenesis of hypertension patients due to blood vessels constrict, retention of fluid and raising blood pressure. (abcam.com)
- Role of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. (nih.gov)
- The renal mechanisms responsible for angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension remain incompletely understood. (nih.gov)
- The present study tested the hypothesis that the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) is required for ANG II-induced hypertension in mice. (nih.gov)
- The 3-day clipped rabbits did not have hypertension, but they showed the same increased pressor responses to NE as did the chronic renal hypertensive rabbits, which was about 2.5 times that of the normal rabbits. (ahajournals.org)
- The Na+/H+ Exchanger 3 (NHE3) plays an important role in the regulation of Na+and HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubules of the kidney, but its contribution to the renal mechanisms of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension remains unknown. (ovid.com)
- Angiotensin II represents a key molecule in hypertension and cerebrovascular pathology. (hindawi.com)
- Azilsartan medoxomil is an orally administered angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist with IC50 of 0.62 nM, which used in the treatment of adults with essential hypertension. (adooq.com)
- Lisinopril is angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, used in treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and heart attacks, and also in preventing renal and retinal complications of diabetes. (adooq.com)
- In vivo: To distinguish the AT1 receptor population that is critical for the pathogenesis of hypertension, osmotic minipumps are implanted s.c. into each animal to infuse Angiotensin II (1,000 ng/kg/min) continuously for 4 weeks. (abmole.com)
- Drugs that inhibit ACE, and thus block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, are used to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension . (britannica.com)
- Under angiotensin 11 (A II) induced hypertension in which the mean arterial blood pressure did not exceed 150 mmHg, blood flow in tumor tissue increased selectively, while not in normal tissues. (springer.com)
- Hoshi M. (1988) Increase of blood flow in human tumors under angiotensin II induced hypertension. (springer.com)
- Hoshi M, Abe I, Sugiyama K, Ishizuka K, Sato H, Urushiyama M. and Wakui A. (1991) Selective enhancement of the image intensity of contrast media on dynamic CT under angiotensin II human(TY-10721) induced hypertension state. (springer.com)
- Urushiyama M. (1990) Growth inhibition of micrometastases in the liver and angiotensin II induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC).Kosankinbyo Kenkyusho Zasshi 42:133-144. (springer.com)
- there is evidence for increased levels or activity of the renin-angiotensin system within the kidney in a number of experimental models of hypertension, such as renal artery stenosis ( 5 ), renal wrap hypertension ( 9 ), coarctation of the aorta ( 27 ), and chronic adrenergic stimulation ( 23 ). (physiology.org)
- The dose used was subpressor acutely and the hypertension was due to the intrarenal actions of angiotensin II. (physiology.org)
- These results suggest that chronic elevation of Ang IV in the brain can induce hypertension that can be treated with angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. (ahajournals.org)
- More than two decades ago, drugmakers searching for new hypertension medications unearthed a mysterious new cell receptor that responded to a hormone known as angiotensin II. (nature.com)
- Angiotensin receptor blockers are as effective as ACE inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure. (medscape.com)
- The adherence percentage of angiotensin receptor blockers (9%) and beta blockers (8%) was low. (ijpsonline.com)
- Treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril had no effect on blood pressure, but surprisingly treatment with the Ang II AT1 receptor antagonist candesartan normalized the blood pressure despite the fact that the levels of Ang IV in the brains of TG mice were only 4-fold elevated over the normal endogenous level of Ang peptides. (ahajournals.org)
- However, there is little doubt that the brain can synthesize angiotensin peptides locally because Ang II is not readily permeable to the blood-brain barrier and because it has been detected in brain of nephrectomized rats unable to generate circulating Ang II. (ahajournals.org)
- Heptapeptide analogues induce greater blockade of renal than femoral vascular responses to angiotensin. (harvard.edu)
- Caution #3: Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system improves survival in animal models. (emcrit.org)
- Animal models confirm that blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may improve survival ( Laesser 2004 , Hirano 2014 )(3). (emcrit.org)
- We found that H 3 receptor blockade with clobenpropit increased norepinephrine overflow and arrhythmias in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. (aspetjournals.org)
- Podcast 49: Three RASS Study researchers discuss their findings on the lack of benefit of renin-angiotensin blockade in the primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes. (jwatch.org)
- They found that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system was not effective in the primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes. (jwatch.org)
- Before angiotensin II infusion ganglion blockade reduced total peripheral resistance and increased cardiac output, and this effect was similar across the 4 wk of angiotensin II infusion. (physiology.org)
- However, Angiotensin III does stimulate aldosterone release. (abcam.com)
- Ang II is well known to cause potent increases in systemic and local blood pressure via its vasoconstrictive effect, to influence renal tubules, to retain Na + and water by activating Na + /H + exchangers, and by stimulating aldosterone release from the adrenal gland 3 . (alomone.com)
- Angiotensin-3 stimulates aldosterone release. (abcam.com)
- Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the principal vasoactive substance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), having a variety of physiological actions including vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, and cell growth. (ahajournals.org)
- Angiotensin II is well known as a potent vasoconstrictor, but many reports indicate that angiotensins exert vasodilator properties. (ahajournals.org)
- Enalapril prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, resulting in increased levels of plasma renin and a reduction in aldosterone secretion. (medscape.com)
- Losartan is an ARB that blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. (medscape.com)
- Candesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II. (medscape.com)
- Olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking binding of angiotensin II to the AT-1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
- Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor that also stimulates the cells of the zona glomerulosa to produce aldosterone. (medicalproductguide.com)
- Angiotensin-2 acts directly on vascular smooth muscle as a potent vasoconstrictor, affects cardiac contractility and heart rate through its action on the sympathetic nervous system, and alters renal sodium and water absorption through its ability to stimulate the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete aldosterone. (abcam.com)
- Throughout the body, angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor of arterioles . (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin IV (Ang IV) is a metabolite of the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II). (ahajournals.org)
- To investigate this question, we determined genotypes for common polymorphisms for these three genes in subjects with a history of ACE inhibitor-related cough. (ahajournals.org)
- In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the previously demonstrated improvement in ED after initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) ( 12 ) therapy is directly linked to the relative reduction of inflammatory markers, especially PTX3. (asnjournals.org)
- Pretreatment with a p38 inhibitor SB203580 abolished ClC-3 overexpression-induced increase in p47phox phosphorylation, as well as NADPH oxidase activity and ROS generation. (chinaphar.com)
- Pre-treatment with a p38 inhibitor, a JNK inhibitor, or curcumin significantly inhibited Ang III-induced MCP-1 production. (kjim.org)
- ACE is a target of ACE inhibitor drugs, which decrease the rate of Angiotensin II production. (wikipedia.org)
- Moexipril is a non-sulfhydryl containing precursor of the active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor moexiprilat. (pharmacycode.com)
- 3. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (n. (synonym.com)
- 3.The higher the number of " * " is, the more potent the inhibitor or activator is. (adooq.com)
- Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with IC50 of 5 nM. (adooq.com)
- Zofenopril calcium is an angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE inhibitor. (adooq.com)
- Imidapril (Tanatril) is an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). (adooq.com)
- We measured the changes in collagen volume fraction, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1, tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) at gene and protein levels after 8 weeks of exercise training. (biomedsearch.com)
- The AT 1 antagonist losartan (1 mg/kg) blocked both the pressor and depressor components of the angiotensin III response, whereas the AT 2 antagonist PD 123319 (35 mg/kg) had no effect on either element of the response. (ahajournals.org)
- If there were definitive pre-clinical evidence supporting the use of angiotensin II, then it would be inconceivable to perform a clinical trial of an angiotensin II antagonist . (emcrit.org)
- The angiotensin II antagonist [Sar 1 ,Ala 8 ]angiotensin II inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated corticosterone and aldosterone production in these cells. (biochemj.org)
- An equimolar concentration of antagonist halved the response to 20n m -angiotensin II, and complete inhibition was observed with 0.2μ m -antagonist. (biochemj.org)
- this A II antagonist did not alter the control arterial pressure in any of the three groups of rabbits. (ahajournals.org)
- Eprosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure. (adooq.com)
- Tasosartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. (adooq.com)
- Telmisartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist that inhibits the angiotensin II AT1 receptor. (adooq.com)
- Our results show that losartan but not PD123177 is a competitive antagonist of the MAP effects of ANG II and ANG III. (elsevier.com)
- EMA401 (also known as Olodanrigan and PD-126055) is a highly selective angiotensin AT2 antagonist. (abmole.com)
- More recently, a possible link between ACEI treatment-associated adverse effects and chymase has also been suggested: as chymase represents an alternative pathway for the activation of angiotensin II, it is possible that ACE inhibition may lead to an increased biological significance of this enzyme. (ahajournals.org)
- Intensive glycemic and blood pressure control, combined with renin - angiotensin system blocking therapy (including ACEI and ARB drugs), has to a certain extent, delayed the progression of DKD, but still cannot completely block its development. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Thus, H 3 receptor-mediated NHE inhibition in ischemia/reperfusion not only opposes the angiotensin II-induced stimulation of NHE in cardiac sympathetic neurons, but also down-regulates AT 1 receptor expression. (aspetjournals.org)
- The purpose of this investigation was therefore to ascertain whether enhanced ischemic cardiac dysfunction, which is manifest when H 3 Rs are blocked or deleted, results from an unimpeded AT 1 R-NHE activation. (aspetjournals.org)
- To test the hypothesis that early exercise training after myocardial infarction (MI) could preserve cardiac function, alleviate left ventricular (LV) remodeling and induce a protective effect on morphology, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent coronary ligation or sham operation, and were assigned to 3 groups: Sham, sedentary MI (SedMI), and exercise MI (ExMI). (biomedsearch.com)
- A cross-sectional, prospective observational study with purposive sampling was conducted at two cardiac outpatient centers in 70 congestive heart failure patients for a period of 3 months. (ijpsonline.com)
- Cardiotropin-1 increases angiotensin mRNA in rat cardiac myocytes through STAT-3. (nii.ac.jp)
- In this study we investigated the effects and mechanisms of ClC-3 on NADPH oxidase activation and ROS generation in endothelial cells. (chinaphar.com)
- Treatment with angiotensin II (Ang II, 1 μmol/L) significantly elevated ClC-3 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (chinaphar.com)
- Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II (AII) through removal of two C-terminal residues by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), primarily through ACE within the lung (but also present in endothelial cells , kidney epithelial cells, and the brain). (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin I is then converted to an octapeptide , angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which is thought to be found mainly in endothelial cells of the capillaries throughout the body, within the lungs and the epithelial cells of the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
- Chen J, Chen W, Zhu M, Zhu Y, Yin H, Tan Z. Propofol attenuates angiotensin II-induced apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells. (springer.com)
- Abdelrahman, A & Pang, CCY 1992, ' Competitive antagonism of pressor responses to angiotensin II and angiotensin III by the angiotensin II-1 receptor ligand losartan ', Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology , vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 716-719. (elsevier.com)
- Angiotensin I acts mainly as a precursor to angiotensin II, which is a vasopressor and stimulator of aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, and also functions as a neurotransmitter. (abcam.com)
- Angiotensin I appears to have no direct biological activity and exists solely as a precursor to angiotensin II. (wikipedia.org)
- it is rapidly converted into angiotensin II, an octapeptide, by a circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme. (medicalproductguide.com)
- Angiotensin II is an octapeptide that produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). (21chemnet.com)
- Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure . (wikipedia.org)
- The peptide hormone angiotensin II: its new functions in tissues and organs. (springer.com)
- This peptide hormone constricts blood vessels, but, oddly, blocking the so-called angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2) appeared to have no effect on blood pressure, so the target was largely ignored by drug developers. (nature.com)
- Adrenergic regulation of angiotensin secretion. (harvard.edu)
- Angiotensin II also increases Aldosterone secretion, therefore, it acts as an endocrine , autocrine / paracrine , and intracrine hormone. (wikipedia.org)
- BLOOD, saves from being urine), secretion (add from blood to urine) 3. (studystack.com)
- Angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex . (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin II does not directly affect Aβ secretion or β-/γ-secretase activity via activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor. (springer.com)
- We investigated whether angiotensin III (Ang III) is involved in monocyte recruitment through regulation of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells). (kjim.org)
- Regulation of L-type inward calcium channel activity by captopril and angiotensin II via the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase pathway in cardiomyocytes from volume-overload hypertrophied rat hearts. (semanticscholar.org)
- Teleost renal function: regulation by arginine vasotocin and by angiotensins. (hud.ac.uk)
- Ang II) is considered to be the main effector of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the control and regulation of blood pressure. (ahajournals.org)
- He J, Huang C, Jiang J, Lv L. Propofol exerts hippocampal neuron protective effects via up-regulation of metallothionein-3. (springer.com)
- Angiotensin also stimulates the release of aldosterone , another hormone, from the adrenal cortex . (wikipedia.org)
- The role of angiotensin II. (ahajournals.org)
- The dose of angiotensin II was allowed to increase up to 200 ng/kg/min over the first three hours, but subsequently decreased to 0-40 ng/kg/min (figure below). (emcrit.org)
- We reported recently that chronic infusion of a low dose of angiotensin II directly into the renal artery of dogs for 1 mo resulted in a sustained increase in arterial pressure ( 12 ). (physiology.org)
- The same six chronically instrumented dogs were subjected to both intrarenal and intravenous infusion of a fixed dose of angiotensin II. (physiology.org)
- The effects of angiotensin IV analogs on long-term potentiation within the CA1 region of the hippocampus in vitro. (wikipathways.org)
- GENTAUR suppliers human normal cells, cell lines, RNA extracts and lots of antibodies and ELISA kits to Human proteins as well as Angiotensin III, anti_human IgG. (antibody-antibodies.com)
- The analysis of the three-dimensional structure of proteins and the spatial arrangement of subunits within protein complexes is of great importance to study their biological function ( 1 ). (mcponline.org)
- Although specific mechanisms directing ARE activity have not been fully elucidated, current models suggest ARE-binding proteins target specific mRNAs to cellular pathways that influence 3'-polyadenylate tail and 5'-cap metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- In the present study, we analysed the effect of Ang-(1-7) on AngII (angiotensin II)-induced HLF (human lung fibroblast)-MF (myofibroblast) transition by detecting Col-I (collagen type I), TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin) expression. (portlandpress.com)
- It may induce a more complete inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system than ACE inhibitors, it does not affect the response to bradykinin, and it is less likely to be associated with cough and angioedema. (medscape.com)
- Kallikrein generates angiotensin II but not bradykinin in the plasma of the urodele, Amphiuma tridactylum. (hud.ac.uk)
- 1985) Manipulation of experimental rat and rabbit liver tumor blood flow with angiotensin II. (springer.com)
- Large intravenous boluses of angiotensin III (15 nmol/kg) produced a predictable pressor peak (82±4 mm Hg) followed by a depressor phase (20±3 mm Hg), whereas equipressor doses of angiotensin II were less effective at producing depressor responses. (ahajournals.org)
- Angiotensin-(1-7) did not exert a depressor action, and the reduced potency of angiotensin IV (relative to angiotensin III) was similar for both the pressor and depressor phases (≈100-fold). (ahajournals.org)
- Early in vitro work showed vasorelaxation by angiotensins in some vascular beds, 1 2 3 and Campbell et al 4 reported a vasodepressor phase after the characteristic pressor response to angiotensin II in conscious rabbits. (ahajournals.org)
- Pressor responses to norepinephrine in rabbits with 3-day and 30-day renal artery stenosis. (ahajournals.org)
- Pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) infusions were examined in normal rabbits, in rabbits with renal artery stenosis of over 30 days' duration (chronic renal hypertensive rabbits), and in rabbits with renal artery stenosis of 3 days' duration (3-day clipped rabbits). (ahajournals.org)
- Infusions of angiotensin II (A II) in either subpressor or pressor amounts potentiated the pressor responses to NE in normal rabbits, whereas, in 3-day clipped rabbits and chronic renal hypertensive rabbits, A II in subpressor or pressor doses did not alter the pressor responses to NE. (ahajournals.org)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) then removes a dipeptide to yield the physiologically active peptide angiotensin-2, the most potent pressor substance known, which helps regulate volume and mineral balance of body fluids. (abbiotec.com)
- Lamprey ANG I produced dorsal-aortic pressor responses in L. fluviatilis but the rise was very small in comparison to that produced by angiotensin II. (hud.ac.uk)
- 8 Injection of Ang III peptide in cerebral ventricles has been found to have dose-dependent pressor responses similar to those of Ang II. (ahajournals.org)
- BIBS39 is a nonpeptide angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonists that displaced [125I] AII from its specific binding sites with a K(i) value of 29 +/- 7 nM for the AII subtype I (AT1) receptor and a K(i) value of 480 +/- 110 nM for the AII subtype 2 (AT2) receptor. (adooq.com)
- Angiotensin is an oligopeptide and is a hormone and a powerful dipsogen . (wikipedia.org)
- 3. Receptor inactivation with photolabile hormone analogues. (mendeley.com)
- The renin-angiotensin system ( RAS ) or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ( RAAS ) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance . (wikipedia.org)
- The ACE gene provides instructions for making a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, which converts a hormone called angiotensin I to another form called angiotensin II. (medlineplus.gov)
- It may induce more complete inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system than ACE inhibitors. (medscape.com)
- Release of angiotensin-(1-7) from the rat hindlimb: influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. (wikipathways.org)
- 9 In fact, the finding that inhibition of aminopeptidase A could prevent an increase in blood pressure after Ang II injection in cerebral ventricles has led some investigators to suggest that Ang III is the principal effector of the RAS in the brain. (ahajournals.org)
- Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a key factor in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone (RAAS) system. (alomone.com)
- 5. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of Aldosterone, ADH, and thirst. (wikipedia.org)
- Endothelial renin-angiotensin pathway. (harvard.edu)
- A novel phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent pathway for angiotensin II/AT-1 receptor-mediated induction of collagen synthesis in MES-13 mesangial cells. (semanticscholar.org)
- The phosphorylation states of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinases were measured in Ang III-treated cells to explore the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. (kjim.org)
- Appears to have a role in the catabolic pathway of the renin-angiotensin system. (genecards.org)
- 5 Depressor or dilator responses to angiotensins are not duplicated by other vasopressors, tend to be manifested at high angiotensin concentrations, and might be prominent in specific vascular beds. (ahajournals.org)
- Wen-Fei Chiou, Chien-Chih Chen, and Bai-Luh Wei, "3,4-Di- O -Caffeoylquinic Acid Inhibits Angiotensin-II-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Downregulating the JNK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine , vol. 2011, Article ID 634502, 8 pages, 2011. (hindawi.com)
- Angiotensin (Ang) II commonly increases the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines, such as selectins, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in target cells, resulting in the recruitment of inflammatory cells from the blood to tissues [ 8 , 9 ]. (kjim.org)
- Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by stimulating the Gq protein in vascular smooth muscle cells (which in turn activates an IP3-dependent mechanism leading to a rise in intracellular calcium levels and ultimately causing contraction). (wikipedia.org)
- Other Angiotensin II actions include induction of growth, cell migration, and mitosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, increased synthesis of collagen type I and III in fibroblasts, leading to thickening of the vascular wall and myocardium, and fibrosis. (abmole.com)
- The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates homeostatic mechanisms such as water and electrolyte balance, blood pressure [ 1 - 3 ], and the aging process [ 4 ]. (kjim.org)
- Activity Angiotensin II regulates blood vessel tonus, blood pressure, and salt and water balance 1-3 . (alomone.com)
- Heart failure can be caused by pro-hypertrophic humoral factors such as angiotensin II (Ang II), which regulates protein kinase activities. (semanticscholar.org)
- Vasodilatation by angiotensins in the cerebral circulation might occur by different mechanisms, in view of the fact that it appears to be blocked by both AT 1 and AT 2 antagonists and seems to be similar to arginine-induced vasodilatation. (ahajournals.org)
- Based on several mechanisms (including #4-5 above), some investigators have suggested that blocking angiotensin II could be beneficial in sepsis. (emcrit.org)
- Moreover, alterations in the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-3 might be one of the most important mechanisms underlying both female and male infertility. (mdpi.com)
- The abovementioned facts indicate that ACE1, ACE2, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-3 (ACE3) appear to be one of the possible mechanisms responsible for infertility. (mdpi.com)
- Here we review the long-term renal actions of antihypertensive agents in human studies and find three different mechanisms of action for the drugs investigated. (frontiersin.org)
- iii) A combination of these first two mechanisms (amlodipine, nifedipine and ACE-inhibitors). (frontiersin.org)
- Angiotensin III (heptapeptide) is a degradation product of angiotensin II, and has less vasopressor activity than the parent compound. (abcam.com)
- Angiotensin (1-7) is a synthetic heptapeptide identical to endogenous angiotensin-(1-7), inhibits purified canine angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity with an IC50 of 0.65 μM. (abmole.com)
- Collectively, our findings suggest that neuronal H 3 receptor activation inhibits NHE by diminishing protein kinase C activity. (aspetjournals.org)
- Our data suggests that Ang-(1-7) decreases the expression of Col-I via TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and subsequently inhibits HLF-MF transition. (portlandpress.com)
- 11 An AT 2 -mediated dilator action is further supported by a study of Li et al, 12 who reported that angiotensin III contractile responses in rat aorta were accentuated by PD 123177 but that angiotensin II and IV responses were unaffected. (ahajournals.org)
- Angiotensin-1 is a substrate of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) that removes a dipeptide to yield the physiologically active peptide angiotensin-2 (angiotensin 1-8). (abcam.com)
- The resulting product, angiotensin I, is then cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to generate the physiologically active enzyme angiotensin II. (genecards.org)
- H 3 receptor activation in differentiated sympathetic neuron-like PC12 cells permanently transfected with H 3 receptor cDNA caused a decrease in protein kinase C activity and AT 1 receptor protein abundance. (aspetjournals.org)
- Ang III increased MCP-1 protein production in dose- and time-dependent manners in HK-2 cells, which was inhibited by the AT1 receptor blocker losartan. (kjim.org)
- Total phosphorylated JNK protein levels tended to increase 20 minutes after stimulation with Ang III. (kjim.org)
- Ang III increases MCP-1 synthesis via stimulation of intracellular p38 and JNK MAPK signaling activity and subsequent activated protein-1 transcriptional activity in HK-2 cells. (kjim.org)
- Three groups of wild-type (tgNhe3+/+) and six groups of tgNhe3-/- mice (n=>8 per group) were treated with vehicle, ANG II (40 ng/min, i.p.), or in vivo adenovirus-mediated transfer of an intracellular ANG II fusion protein, ECFP/ANG II, for 2 weeks. (ovid.com)
- Angiotensin 1-7 is a ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor MAS1 (By similarity). (abcam.com)
- Among the most established of these are hydrogen/deuterium exchange ( 2 ), oxidative footprinting ( 3 ), and-for the analysis of intact protein complexes-native MS techniques ( 4 ). (mcponline.org)
- The ACTN3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called alpha (α)-actinin-3, which is predominantly found in fast-twitch muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
- A variant in this gene, called R577X, leads to production of an abnormally short α-actinin-3 protein that is quickly broken down. (medlineplus.gov)
- We examined the effects of losartan and PD123177 on dose-mean arterial pressure (MAP) response curves for ANG II and ANG III in eight groups (n = 6 each) of conscious rats. (elsevier.com)
- Losartan dose dependently shifted the dose-response curves of ANG II and ANG III to the right with similar dissociation constants (-log K(I) of 6.6 ± 0.7 and 6.6 ± 0.1 mol/kg, respectively) and no change in the maxima. (elsevier.com)
- Incomplete mapping indicates that the epitope is VYIHP (corresponding to amino acids 3-8 of Angiotensin I & II), a conserved region found in all Angiotensin molecules. (mybiosource.com)
- Angiotensin II is a short peptide composed of 8 amino acids. (gotopbio.com)
- Aminopeptidases A and N act successively to remove 1 amino acid from the N-terminus of Ang II to produce Ang III (Ang 2 to 8) and Ang IV (Ang 3 to 8). (ahajournals.org)
- Cardioprotection ultimately results from the combined attenuation of angiotensin II and norepinephrine effects and alleviation of arrhythmias. (aspetjournals.org)
- Angiotensin II increases thrombin formation and impairs thrombolysis ( Celi 2010 , Dielis 2007 ). (emcrit.org)
- ACE modulates the generation of angiotensin II, which increases intraglomerular hydraulic pressure ( 10 ), leading to glomerulopathy. (asnjournals.org)
- Chronic intrarenal infusion of angiotensin II (0.5 ng ⋅ kg −1 ⋅ min −1 ) in dogs increases arterial pressure. (physiology.org)
- Rats, however, tolerated single oral doses of up to 3 g/kg. (pharmacycode.com)
- Cosegregation of blood pressure with angiotensin converting enzyme and atrial natriuretic peptide receptor genes using Dahl salt-sensitive rats. (wikipathways.org)
- Angiotensin II acts on the CNS to increase ADH production, and also acts on venous and arterial vessels' smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin II raises blood pressure (BP) by a number of actions, the most important ones being vasoconstriction, sympathetic nervous stimulation, increased aldosterone biosynthesis and renal actions. (abmole.com)
- Role of PKC in the novel synergistic action of urotensin II and angiotensin II and in urotensin II-induced vasoconstriction. (wikipathways.org)
- Suzuki M, Hori K, Abe I, Saito S.and Sato H. (1981) A new approach to cancer chemotherapy: Selective enhancement of tumor blood flow with angiotensin II. (springer.com)
- Sato H, Sato K, Sato Y, Mimata Y, Asamura M, Kanamaru R, Wakui A, Suzuki M and Sato H. (1980) Clinical study on selective enhancement of drug delivery by angiotensin II in cancer chemotherapy. (springer.com)
- Sato H, Sato K, Sato Y, Asamura M, Kanamaru R, Mimata Y. and Wakui A. (1981) Clinical cancer chemotherapy based on the experimental findings of selective enhancement of drug delivery to tumor tissue by angiotensin II. (springer.com)
- Angiotensin II has been known to increase blood pressure for over fifty years. (emcrit.org)
- In response to lowered blood pressure, the renin enzyme cleaves angiotensin-1 from angiotensin. (abbiotec.com)
- It is part of the renin-angiotensin system , which is a major target for drugs that raises blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
- MetS is a highly prevalent condition currently considered to be a constellation of metabolic abnormalities, including blood pressure elevation, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism and hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance (IR) [ 1 - 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
- At the same time as H + ions are secreted, bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 - ) are reabsorbed back into the blood so that they are not lost in the urine. (austincc.edu)
- When CO 2 diffuses into the blood, it reacts with water (H 2 O) in the plasma to produce carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ). (austincc.edu)
- Angiotensin , a peptide , one form of which, angiotensin II, causes constriction of blood vessels . (britannica.com)
- Angiotensin I is transformed into angiotensin II in the blood by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). (britannica.com)
- Angiotensin II acts directly on blood vessels, causing their constriction and thereby raising blood pressure . (britannica.com)
- Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. (abcam.com)
- [3] Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide that causes blood vessels to narrow, resulting in increased blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
- To do this, angiotensin II constricts efferent arterioles, which forces blood to build up in the glomerulus, increasing glomerular pressure. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin II decreases medullary blood flow through the vasa recta. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin II helps control blood pressure and may also influence skeletal muscle function, although this role is not completely understood. (medlineplus.gov)
- We hypothesized that the angiotensin II infusion may have reduced GFR and renal blood flow, and therefore we measured the effects of intrarenal angiotensin II infusion on GFR and other aspects of renal function. (physiology.org)
- In addition, albuminuria is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), after adjustment for other recognized risk factors, including GFR ( 2 , 3 ). (asnjournals.org)
- The decapeptide is known as angiotensin I . (wikipedia.org)
- Chronic activation of the angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT-1R) is critical in the development of chronic kidney disease. (semanticscholar.org)
- Metabolic products such as Ang III, Ang IV, and Ang 1 to 7, have been discovered by investigating enzymatic degradation of Ang II in kidney tissues [ 10 ]. (kjim.org)
- In addition, angiotensin II acts at the Na/H + exchanger in the proximal tubules of the kidney to stimulate Na reabsorption and H + excretion which is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption. (wikipedia.org)
- Angiotensin I (ANG I) was isolated from incubates of plasma and kidney extracts of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis, using eel vasopressor activity as an assay during purification. (hud.ac.uk)
- In order to delineate further the molecular evolution of the renin-angiotensin system in vertebrates, angiotensin I (ANG I) has been isolated after incubation of plasma and kidney extracts of emu (Dromiceus novaehollandiae), axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), and sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). (hud.ac.uk)
- Chemical structure of angiotensin formed with kidney renin in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. (hud.ac.uk)
- To better understand the direct effects of paricalcitol on anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (stage 3-5), we conducted a pilot trial in 60 patients who were randomly allocated equally to 2 groups to receive or not paricalcitol orally for 6 months. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Thus intrarenal infusion of low-dose angiotensin II produced a chronic increase in arterial pressure due to an action within the kidney. (physiology.org)