AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
AngiospermsGymnospermsPhylogenyConiferophytaFlowersGenes, PlantNymphaeaceaeGenome, PlantEvolution, MolecularDNA, PlantOvuleNymphaeaNupharBiological EvolutionBotanyPlant ProteinsDNA, ChloroplastPiceaBryophytaGenome, PlastidFossilsPlantsSelaginellaceaeFernsCycasAlismatidaePollenAnnonaPollinationGene Expression Regulation, PlantPlastidsSeedsTreesGenome SizeArabidopsisPollen TubeLiriodendronGeraniaceaeRNA, PlantBryopsidaAristolochiaPlant LeavesMolecular Sequence DataGerm Cells, PlantMADS Domain ProteinsGene DuplicationEmbryophytaTracheobiontaChloroplastsZamiaceaeEndospermHydrocharitaceaeGenome, ChloroplastBiodiversityPinusAraceaeArabidopsis ProteinsPlant ShootsPinus taedaPerseaOrobancheOrchidaceaeSpecies SpecificityMalpighiaceaeCrassulaceaeMultigene FamilyOryza sativaLigninGenome, MitochondrialSelf-FertilizationSequence Analysis, DNAPlant Physiological PhenomenaCampanulaceaeSequence AlignmentGenes, MitochondrialFlowering TopsPolyploidyMeristemReproductionViburnumPlant StomataSilenePopulusGenetic VariationTropical ClimatePlant InfertilityPlant TranspirationNelumboSolanaceaeEcosystemChromosomes, PlantBase SequenceRNA EditingHepatophytaInflorescenceWinteraceaeProteaceaeSenecioAmino Acid SequencePlant Structures
Angiosperms
Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit), in contrast to ANGIOSPERMS whose seeds are surrounded by an ovary wall. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, "naked seed") are borne in cones and are not visible. Taxonomists now recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (CONIFEROPHYTA; CYCADOPHYTA; GINKGOPHYTA; and GNETOPHYTA).
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Coniferophyta
A plant division of GYMNOSPERMS consisting of cone-bearing trees and shrubs.
Flowers
The reproductive organs of plants.
Genes, Plant
The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.
Nymphaeaceae
The sour gum plant family of the order Nymphaeales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. All have horizontal or hanging branches and broad alternate leaves, and they are dioecious (male and female flowers on different plants).
Genome, Plant
The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.
Evolution, Molecular
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
DNA, Plant
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.
Ovule
The element in plants that contains the female GAMETOPHYTES.
Nymphaea
A plant genus of the family NYMPHAEACEAE. The common name of lotus is also used for LOTUS and NELUMBO.
Nuphar
A plant genus of the family NYMPHAEACEAE. Members contain sesquiterpene thioalkaloids.
Biological Evolution
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Botany
The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.
Plant Proteins
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
DNA, Chloroplast
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS.
Picea
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen, pyramidal trees with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. Each of the linear, spirally arranged leaves is jointed near the stem on a separate woody base.
Bryophyta
A division of the plant kingdom. Bryophyta contains the subdivision, Musci, which contains the classes: Andreaeopsida, BRYOPSIDA, and SPHAGNOPSIDA.
Genome, Plastid
The genetic complement of PLASTIDS as represented in their DNA.
Fossils
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Selaginellaceae
A plant family of the order Selaginellales, class Lycopodiopsida, division Lycopodiophyta, subkingdom Tracheobionta. Members contain bilobetin. The rarely used common name of resurrection plant is mainly used with CRATEROSTIGMA.
Ferns
Seedless nonflowering plants of the class Filicinae. They reproduce by spores that appear as dots on the underside of feathery fronds. In earlier classifications the Pteridophyta included the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and various fossil groups. In more recent classifications, pteridophytes and spermatophytes (seed-bearing plants) are classified in the Subkingdom Tracheobionta (also known as Tracheophyta).
Cycas
A plant genus of the family Cycadaceae, order Cycadales, class Cycadopsida, division CYCADOPHYTA of palm-like trees. It is a source of CYCASIN, the beta-D-glucoside of methylazoxymethanol.
Alismatidae
A plant subclass of the class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) in the Chronquist classification system. This is equivalent to the Alismatales order in the APG classification system. It is a primitive group of more or less aquatic plants.
Pollen
The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.
Annona
A plant genus of the family ANNONACEAE. It has edible fruit and seeds which contain acetogenins and benzoquinazoline and other alkaloids.
Pollination
The transfer of POLLEN grains (male gametes) to the plant ovule (female gamete).
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.
Plastids
Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.
Seeds
The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.
Trees
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
Genome Size
The amount of DNA (or RNA) in one copy of a genome.
Arabidopsis
A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.
Pollen Tube
A growth from a pollen grain down into the flower style which allows two sperm to pass, one to the ovum within the ovule, and the other to the central cell of the ovule to produce endosperm of SEEDS.
Liriodendron
A plant genus of the family MAGNOLIACEAE. Members include hardwood trees of eastern North America with distinct large tuliplike flowers.
Geraniaceae
A plant family of the order Geraniales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.
RNA, Plant
Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis.
Bryopsida
A class of plants within the Bryophyta comprising the mosses, which are found in both damp (including freshwater) and drier situations. Mosses possess erect or prostrate leafless stems, which give rise to leafless stalks bearing capsules. Spores formed in the capsules are released and grow to produce new plants. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990). Many small plants bearing the name moss are in fact not mosses. The "moss" found on the north side of trees is actually a green alga (CHLOROPHYTA). Irish moss is really a red alga (RHODOPHYTA). Beard lichen (beard moss), Iceland moss, oak moss, and reindeer moss are actually LICHENS. Spanish moss is a common name for both LICHENS and an air plant (TILLANDSIA usneoides) of the pineapple family. Club moss is an evergreen herb of the family LYCOPODIACEAE.
Aristolochia
A plant genus of the family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Species of this genus have been used in traditional medicine but they contain aristolochic acid which is associated with nephropathy. These are sometimes called 'snakeroot' but that name is also used with a number of other plants such as POLYGALA; SANICULA; ASARUM; ARISTOLOCHIA; AGERATINA; and others.
Plant Leaves
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Germ Cells, Plant
The reproductive cells of plants.
MADS Domain Proteins
A superfamily of proteins that share a highly conserved MADS domain sequence motif. The term MADS refers to the first four members which were MCM1 PROTEIN; AGAMOUS 1 PROTEIN; DEFICIENS PROTEIN; and SERUM RESPONSE FACTOR. Many MADS domain proteins have been found in species from all eukaryotic kingdoms. They play an important role in development, especially in plants where they have an important role in flower development.
Gene Duplication
Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.
Embryophyta
Higher plants that live primarily in terrestrial habitats, although some are secondarily aquatic. Most obtain their energy from PHOTOSYNTHESIS. They comprise the vascular and non-vascular plants.
Tracheobionta
A subset of various vascular plants (also known as the Tracheophyta) which include seed-bearing and non seed-bearing species.
Chloroplasts
Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.
Zamiaceae
A plant family of the order Cycadales, class Cycadopsida, division CYCADOPHYTA.
Endosperm
Nutritive tissue of the seeds of flowering plants that surrounds the EMBRYOS. It is produced by a parallel process of fertilization in which a second male gamete from the pollen grain fuses with two female nuclei within the embryo sac. The endosperm varies in ploidy and contains reserves of starch, oils, and proteins, making it an important source of human nutrition.
Hydrocharitaceae
A plant family of the order Hydrocharitales, subclass ALISMATIDAE, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons).
Genome, Chloroplast
The genetic complement of CHLOROPLASTS as represented in their DNA.
Biodiversity
The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.
Pinus
A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.
Araceae
A plant family of the order Arales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida (monocot). Many members contain OXALIC ACID and calcium oxalate (OXALATES).
Arabidopsis Proteins
Proteins that originate from plants species belonging to the genus ARABIDOPSIS. The most intensely studied species of Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis thaliana, is commonly used in laboratory experiments.
Plant Shoots
New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.
Pinus taeda
A plant species of the genus PINUS which is the subject of genetic study.
Persea
A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The tree, Persea americana Mill., is known for the Avocado fruit, the food of commerce.
Orobanche
A plant genus of the family OROBANCHACEAE. Lacking chlorophyll, they are nonphotosynthetic parasitic plants. The common name is similar to Broom or Scotch Broom (CYTISUS) or Butcher's Broom (RUSCUS) or Desert Broom (BACCHARIS) or Spanish Broom (SPARTIUM) or Brome (BROMUS).
Orchidaceae
A plant family of the order Orchidales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). All orchids have the same bilaterally symmetrical flower structure, with three sepals, but the flowers vary greatly in color and shape.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Malpighiaceae
A plant family of the order Polygalales, subclass Rosidae class, Magnoliopsida that are mostly shrubs and small trees. Many of the members contain indole alkaloids.
Crassulaceae
The stonecrop plant family of the order ROSALES, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida that grow in warm, dry regions. The leaves are thick. The flower clusters are red, yellow, or white.
Multigene Family
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Oryza sativa
Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.
Lignin
The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Genome, Mitochondrial
The genetic complement of MITOCHONDRIA as represented in their DNA.
Self-Fertilization
The fusion of a male gamete with a female gamete from the same individual animal or plant.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Plant Physiological Phenomena
The physiological processes, properties, and states characteristic of plants.
Campanulaceae
A plant family of the order Campanulales, subclass Asteridae, class Magnoliopsida
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Genes, Mitochondrial
Genes that are located on the MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. Mitochondrial inheritance is often referred to as maternal inheritance but should be differentiated from maternal inheritance that is transmitted chromosomally.
Flowering Tops
Tops of plants when in flower, including the stems, leaves and blooms.
Polyploidy
The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.
Meristem
A group of plant cells that are capable of dividing infinitely and whose main function is the production of new growth at the growing tip of a root or stem. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Reproduction
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Viburnum
A plant genus in the family CAPRIFOLIACEAE. The common name derives from its traditional use for menstrual cramps. It is a source of viburnine, valerianic acid, vibsanin, and ursolic acid. Note that true cranberry is VACCINIUM MACROCARPON.
Plant Stomata
Closable openings in the epidermis of plants on the underside of leaves. They allow the exchange of gases between the internal tissues of the plant and the outside atmosphere.
Silene
A plant genus of the family CARYOPHYLLACEAE. The common name of campion is also used with LYCHNIS. The common name of 'pink' can be confused with other plants.
Populus
A plant genus of the family SALICACEAE. Balm of Gilead is a common name used for P. candicans, or P. gileadensis, or P. jackii, and sometimes also used for ABIES BALSAMEA or for COMMIPHORA.
Genetic Variation
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
Tropical Climate
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Plant Infertility
The failure of PLANTS to complete fertilization and obtain seed (SEEDS) as a result of defective POLLEN or ovules, or other aberrations. (Dict. of Plant Genet. and Mol. Biol., 1998)
Plant Transpiration
The loss of water vapor by plants to the atmosphere. It occurs mainly from the leaves through pores (stomata) whose primary function is gas exchange. The water is replaced by a continuous column of water moving upwards from the roots within the xylem vessels. (Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Nelumbo
A plant genus of the family NELUMBONACEAE. The common name of lotus is also for LOTUS and NYMPHAEA.
Solanaceae
A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.
Ecosystem
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Chromosomes, Plant
Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
Hepatophyta
A plant division. They are simple plants that lack vascular tissue and possess rudimentary rootlike organs (rhizoids). Like MOSSES, liverworts have alternation of generations between haploid gamete-bearing forms (gametophytes) and diploid spore-bearing forms (sporophytes).
Inflorescence
A cluster of FLOWERS (as opposed to a solitary flower) arranged on a main stem of a plant.
Winteraceae
A plant family of the order Magnoliales, subclass Magnoliidae, class Magnoliopsida. The wood lacks water-conducting cells but has acrid sap. The leaves are gland-dotted, leathery, and smooth-margined. The flowers are small, in clusters, with two to six sepals, petals in two or more series, several stamens, and one to several carpels.
Proteaceae
A plant family of the order Proteales, subclass Rosidae class Magnoliopsida. Cluster roots, bottlebrush-like clusters of rootlets which form in response to poor soil, are common in this family.
Senecio
A species of toxic plants of the Compositae. The poisonous compounds are alkaloids which cause cattle diseases, neoplasms, and liver damage and are used to produce cancers in experimental animals.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Plant Structures
The parts of plants, including SEEDS.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Seedling
Very young plant after GERMINATION of SEEDS.
Plant Roots
The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Screening of Korean forest plants for rat lens aldose reductase inhibition. (1/1498)

Naturally occurring substances which can prevent and treat diabetic complications were sought by examining ethanol extracts prepared from Korean forest plants for their inhibitory effects on rat lens aldose reductase activity in vitro. Among the plants examined, Acer ginnala, Illicium religiosum and Cornus macrophylla exerted the most strong inhibitory activity on aldose reductase.  (+info)

Antioxidative and chelating activities of phenylpropanoid glycosides from Pedicularis striata. (2/1498)

AIM: To study the antioxidative and iron chelating activities of phenylpropanoid glycosides (PPG) isolated from a Chinese herb Pedicularis striata. METHODS: Antioxidative effects of PPG on lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO4-edetic acid in linoleic acid were measured by thiobarbituric acid method. Chelating activities of PPG for Fe2+ were tested by differential spectrum method. RESULTS: The reaction rates (A532.min-1) of lipid peroxidation were 0.0046 in the control, 0.0021 in verbascoside group, and 0.0008 in isoverbascoside group. The chelating activity of isoverbascoside was 2-fold stronger than that of verbascoside. Permethyl verbascoside showed neither antioxidative nor chelating activities. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effects of PPG with phenolic hydroxy groups on lipid peroxidation are owing to their chelating properties. Under physiological condition PPG-Fe2+ chelates are sufficiently stable. Thus PPG are able to inhibit the Fe(2+)-dependent lipid peroxidation in vivo through chelating Fe2+ and exhibit their therapeutic potential by the same mechanism in vitro.  (+info)

Continuous primary sequence requirements in the 18-nucleotide promoter of dicot plant mitochondria. (3/1498)

The nucleotide requirements of mitochondrial promoters of dicot plants were studied in detail in a pea in vitro transcription system. Deletions in the 5' regions of three different transcription initiation sites from pea, soybean, and Oenothera identified a crucial AT-rich sequence element (AT-Box) comprising nucleotide positions -14 to -9 relative to the first transcribed nucleotide. Transversion of the AT-Box sequence to comple- mentary nucleotide identities results in an almost complete loss of promoter activity, suggesting that primary structure rather than a simple accumulation of adenines and thymidines in this region is essential for promoter activity. This promoter segment thus appears to be involved in sequence specific binding of a respective protein factor(s) rather than merely loosening and melting the DNA helix during or for an initiation event. Manipulation of nucleotide identities in the 3' portion of the pea atp9 promoter and the respective 3'-flanking region revealed that essential sequences extend to positions +3/+4 beyond this transcription start site. Efficient transcription initiation at an 18-base pair promoter sequence ranging from nucleotide positions -14 to +4 integrated into different sequence contexts shows this element to be sufficient for autonomous promoter function independent of surrounding sequences.  (+info)

Characterization of two novel type I ribosome-inactivating proteins from the storage roots of the andean crop Mirabilis expansa. (4/1498)

Two novel type I ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) were found in the storage roots of Mirabilis expansa, an underutilized Andean root crop. The two RIPs, named ME1 and ME2, were purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange perfusion chromatography, and C4 reverse-phase chromatography. The two proteins were found to be similar in size (27 and 27.5 kD) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their isoelectric points were determined to be greater than pH 10.0. Amino acid N-terminal sequencing revealed that both ME1 and ME2 had conserved residues characteristic of RIPs. Amino acid composition and western-blot analysis further suggested a structural similarity between ME1 and ME2. ME2 showed high similarity to the Mirabilis jalapa antiviral protein, a type I RIP. Depurination of yeast 26S rRNA by ME1 and ME2 demonstrated their ribosome-inactivating activity. Because these two proteins were isolated from roots, their antimicrobial activity was tested against root-rot microorganisms, among others. ME1 and ME2 were active against several fungi, including Pythium irregulare, Fusarium oxysporum solani, Alternaria solani, Trichoderma reesei, and Trichoderma harzianum, and an additive antifungal effect of ME1 and ME2 was observed. Antibacterial activity of both ME1 and ME2 was observed against Pseudomonas syringae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium radiobacter, and others.  (+info)

The prenylation status of a novel plant calmodulin directs plasma membrane or nuclear localization of the protein. (5/1498)

Post-translational attachment of isoprenyl groups to conserved cysteine residues at the C-terminus of a number of regulatory proteins is important for their function and subcellular localization. We have identified a novel calmodulin, CaM53, with an extended C-terminal basic domain and a CTIL CaaX-box motif which are required for efficient prenylation of the protein in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of wild-type CaM53 or a non-prenylated mutant protein in plants causes distinct morphological changes. Prenylated CaM53 associates with the plasma membrane, but the non-prenylated mutant protein localizes to the nucleus, indicating a dual role for the C-terminal domain. The subcellular localization of CaM53 can be altered by a block in isoprenoid biosynthesis or sugar depletion, suggesting that CaM53 activates different targets in response to metabolic changes. Thus, prenylation of CaM53 appears to be a novel mechanism by which plant cells can coordinate Ca2+ signaling with changes in metabolic activities.  (+info)

Tissue-specific expression of the beta-subunit of tryptophan synthase in Camptotheca acuminata, an indole alkaloid-producing plant. (6/1498)

Camptothecin is an anticancer drug produced by the monoterpene indole alkaloid pathway in Camptotheca acuminata. As part of an investigation of the camptothecin biosynthetic pathway, we have cloned and characterized a gene from C. acuminata encoding the beta-subunit of tryptophan (Trp) synthase (TSB). In C. acuminata TSB provides Trp for both protein synthesis and indole alkaloid production and therefore represents a junction between primary and secondary metabolism. TSB mRNA and protein were detected in all C. acuminata organs examined, and their abundance paralleled that of camptothecin. Within each shoot organ, TSB was most abundant in vascular tissues. Within the root, however, TSB expression was most abundant in the outer cortex. TSB has been localized to chloroplasts in Arabidopsis, but there was little expression of TSB in C. acuminata tissues where the predominant plastids were photosynthetically competent chloroplasts. Expression of the promoter from the C. acuminata TSB gene in transgenic tobacco plants paralleled expression of the native gene in C. acuminata in all organs except roots. TSB is also highly expressed in C. acuminata during early seedling development at a stage corresponding to peak accumulation of camptothecin, consistent with the idea that Trp biosynthesis and the secondary indole alkaloid pathway are coordinately regulated.  (+info)

Expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase during leaf ontogeny in white clover. (7/1498)

We examined the expression of three distinct 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase genes during leaf ontogeny in white clover (Trifolium repens). Significant production of ethylene occurs at the apex, in newly initiated leaves, and in senescent leaf tissue. We used a combination of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends to identify three distinct DNA sequences designated TRACO1, TRACO2, and TRACO3, each with homology to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase. Southern analysis confirmed that these sequences represent three distinct genes. Northern analysis revealed that TRACO1 is expressed specifically in the apex and TRACO2 is expressed in the apex and in developing and mature green leaves, with maximum expression in developing leaf tissue. The third gene, TRACO3, is expressed in senescent leaf tissue. Antibodies were raised to each gene product expressed in Escherichia coli, and western analysis showed that the TRACO1 antibody recognizes a protein of approximately 205 kD (as determined by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacylamide gel electrophoresis) that is expressed preferentially in apical tissue. The TRACO2 antibody recognizes a protein of approximately 36.4 kD (as determined by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacylamide gel electrophoresis) that is expressed in the apex and in developing and mature green leaves, with maximum expression in mature green tissue. No protein recognition by the TRACO3 antibody could be detected in senescent tissue or at any other stage of leaf development.  (+info)

Evolution of the mitochondrial rps3 intron in perennial and annual angiosperms and homology to nad5 intron 1. (8/1498)

The plant mitochondrial rps3 intron was analyzed for substitution and indel rate variation among 15 monocot and dicot angiosperms from 10 genera, including perennial and annual taxa. Overall, the intron sequence was very conserved among angiosperms. Based on length polymorphism, 10 different alleles were identified among the 10 genera. These allelic differences were mainly attributable to large indels. An insertion of 133 nucleotides, observed in the Alnus intron was partially or completely absent in the other lineages of the family Betulaceae. This insertion was located within domain IV of the secondary-structure model of this group IIA intron. A mobile element of 47 nucleotides that showed homology to sequences located in rice rps3 intron and in intergenic plant mitochondrial genomes was found within this insertion. Both substitution and indel rates were low among the Betulaceae sequences, but substitution rates were increasingly larger than indel rates in comparisons involving more distantly related taxa. From a secondary-structure model, regions involved in helical structures were shown to be well preserved from indels as compared to substitutions, but compensatory changes were not observed among the angiosperm sequences analyzed. Using approximate divergence times based on the fossil record, substitution and indel rate heterogeneity was observed between different pairs of annual and perennial taxa. In particular, the annual petunia and primrose evolved more than 15 and 10 times faster, for substitution and indel rates respectively, than the perennial birch and alder. This is the first demonstration of an evolutionary rate difference between perennial and annual forms in noncoding DNA, lending support to neutral causes such as the generation time, population size, and speciation rate effects to explain such rate heterogeneity. Surprisingly, the sequence from the rps3 intron had a high identity with the sequence of intron 1 from the angiosperm mitochondrial nad5 gene, suggesting a common origin of these two group IIA introns.  (+info)

Gesneriaceae
BOGGAN, J. K. 1991. A morphological study and cladistic analysis of Sinningia and associated genera with particular reference to Lembocarpus, Lietzia, Paliavana, and Vanhouttea (Gesneriaceae: Gloxinieae) M. S. thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.. BURTT, B. L. & H. WIEHLER. 1995. Classification of the family Gesneriaceae. Gesneriana 1: 1-4.. CRISCI, J. V., M. M. CIGLIANO, J. J. MORRONE, & S.ROIG-JUÑENT. 1991. Historical biogeography of southern South America. Syst. Zool. 40:152-171.. INNIS, M. A., K. B. MYAMBO, D. H. GELFAND, & M. A. D. BROW. 1988. DNA sequencing and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 85: 9436-9440.. IVANINA, L. I. 1965. Application of the carpological method to the taxonomy of Gesneriaceae. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh. 26: 383-402.. KVIST, L. P. 1990. Revision of Heppiella (Gesneriaceae). Syst. Bot. 15: 720-735.. SMITH, J. F. 1996. Tribal relationships within the Gesneriaceae: A cladistic analysis of morphological ...
http://tolweb.org/Gesneriaceae
Angiosperm Phylogeny Website - WikipediaAngiosperm Phylogeny Website - Wikipedia
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (or APweb) is a well-known web site dedicated to research on angiosperm phylogeny and taxonomy. The site is hosted by the Missouri Botanical Garden website and maintained by researchers, Peter F. Stevens and Hilary M. Davis. Peter F. Stevens is a member of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The taxonomy presented is broadly based on the work of the APG, with modifications to incorporate new results. APWebsite is a resource for NCBI (NCBI) A useful site for Kew Gardens (Kew Gardens) Stevens, Peter F. (2006). The angiosperm phylogeny Website - a tool for reference and teaching in a time of change. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 42. doi:10.1002/meet.14504201249. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website hosted by the Missouri Botanical Garden Website Note: This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by Lindley in his 1853 edition, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website
Tribal Relationships in the Gesneriaceae: Evidence from DNA Sequences by James F. Smith, J. C. Wolfram et al.Tribal Relationships in the Gesneriaceae: Evidence from DNA Sequences by James F. Smith, J. C. Wolfram et al.
The tribal relationships of the Gesneriaceae are investigated using ndhF sequences. A full analysis of 70 taxa including 16 species from the Scrophulariaceae, Bigoniaceae, and Acanthaceae as outgroups, resulted in two most-parsimonious trees of 5610 steps each. In all trees the Gesneriaceae were a monophyletic group and Paulownia was the closest single-species outgroup for the analysis. Further analyses eliminated all but the members of the Gesneriaceae and Paulownia in order to better asses relationships within the family. The smaller analysis resulted in a single most-parsimonious tree of 4613 steps. The Klugieae are identified as the sister to the remainder of the family and could potentially be separated as a distinct subfamily. The subfamilies Cyrtandroideae (excluding Klugieae) and Gesnerioideae are monophyletic. The placement of Coronallthereae in Cyrtandroideae does not have support from this analysis, whereas its placement in Gesnerioideae is supported. Alternatively Coronanthereae could be
http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/bio_facpubs/45/
Evolution of the angiosperms: calibrating the family tree | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological SciencesEvolution of the angiosperms: calibrating the family tree | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
Growing evidence of morphological diversity in angiosperm flowers, seeds and pollen from the mid Cretaceous and the presence of derived lineages from increasingly older geological deposits both imply that the timing of early angiosperm cladogenesis is older than fossil-based estimates have indicated. An alternative to fossils for calibrating the phylogeny comes from divergence in DNA sequence data. Here, angiosperm divergence times are estimated using non-parametric rate smoothing and a three-gene dataset covering ca. 75- of all angiosperm families recognized in recent classifications. The results provide an initial hypothesis of angiosperm diversification times. Using an internal calibration point, an independent evaluation of angiosperm and eudicot origins is performed. The origin of the crown group of extant angiosperms is indicated to be Early to Middle Jurassic (179-158 Myr), and the origin of eudicots is resolved as Late Jurassic to mid Cretaceous (147-131 Myr). Both estimates, despite a ...
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/268/1482/2211
Common Bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris)Common Bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris)
Common Bladderwort (Utricularia vulgaris) is a submergent aquatic species often found int the quite heavily vegetated areas of lakes and marshes. The plant has pretty little yellow flowers that protrude from the waters surface and from a distance resemble pea flowers.. The most interesting feature of Common Bladderwort, and others of the genus its the presence of bladders. These structure all the plants to consume animals and obtain nutrients. When an animal such as a waterflea gets close it triggers hairs on the bladder, which cause the bladder to suddenly swell. This creates a vacuum which sucks in the zooplankton. Even tiny, newly hatched fish can fall victim to the bladders. You can tell when the bladders are full because they are dark and filled with digesting zooplankton, and other invertebrates.. Together with Pitcher Plant and Sundews the bladderworts make up a fascinating number of carnivorous plants.. Also see Horned Bladderwort. ...
http://www.lakeandwetlandecosystems.com/plants/aquatic-plants-emergent-submergent-floating-leaf/submergent-plants/common-bladderwort-utricularia-vulgaris/
Polemoniaceae
Anon. 2003. APNI: Australian Plant Names Index. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/databases/apni.html.. Bell, C. D. and R. W. Patterson. 2000. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Linanthus (Polemoniaceae). Am. J. Bot. 87:1857-1870.. Brand, A. 1907. Polemoniaceae. Pages 1-203 in A Engler, ed. Das Pflanzenreich IV(250). Engelmann, Leipzig. Campbell, D.R., R. Alarcon, and C. A. Wu. 2003. Reproductive isolation and hybrid pollen disadvantage in Ipomopsis. J. Evolution. Biol. 16:536-540.. Carlquist, S., V. M. Eckhart, and D. C. Michener. 1984. Wood anatomy of Polemoniaceae. Aliso 10:547-572.. Dawson, M. L. 1936. The floral morphology of the Polemoniaceae. Am. J. Bot. 23: 501-511.. Ferguson, C. J. and R. K. Jansen. 2002. A chloroplast DNA phylogeny of eastern Phlox (Polemoniaceae): implications of congruence and incongruence with the ITS phylogeny. Am. J. Bot. 89:1324-1335. Galen, C. 2000. High and dry: Drought stress, sex-allocation trade-offs, and selection on flower size in the alpine wildflower ...
http://tolweb.org/Polemoniaceae
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group - WikipediaAngiosperm Phylogeny Group - Wikipedia
In the past, classification systems were typically produced by an individual botanist or by a small group. The result was a large number of systems (see List of systems of plant taxonomy). Different systems and their updates were generally favoured in different countries. Examples are the Engler system in continental Europe, the Bentham & Hooker system in Britain (particularly influential because it was used by Kew), the Takhtajan system in the former Soviet Union and countries within its sphere of influence and the Cronquist system in the United States.[1] Before the availability of genetic evidence, the classification of angiosperms (also known as flowering plants, Angiospermae, Anthophyta or Magnoliophyta) was based on their morphology (particularly of their flower) and biochemistry (the kinds of chemical compounds in the plant). After the 1980s, detailed genetic evidence analysed by phylogenetic methods became available and while confirming or clarifying some relationships in existing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Gcyc1 ( Cycloidea ) in Conandron ramondioides (Gesneriaceae) from Southeast China |...Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Gcyc1 ( Cycloidea ) in Conandron ramondioides (Gesneriaceae) from Southeast China |...
Conandron ramondioides with actinomorphic flower in Gesneriaceae is an endemic species distributed in Taiwan, Southeast of China a
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00606-007-0592-4?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4b3ca7d9-344e-4fe0-bd97-3a38e519f34b
പൊവേൽസ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയപൊവേൽസ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105-121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 2013-07-06 ...
https://ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poales
ഫാബേൽസ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയഫാബേൽസ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105-121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-07-06 ...
https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D
കോൾച്ചികേസീ - വിക്കിപീഡിയകോൾച്ചികേസീ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105-121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. ശേഖരിച്ചത് 2013-06-26 ...
https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80
Carambola - WikipediaCarambola - Wikipedia
The carambola is a tropical and subtropical fruit which can be grown at elevations up to 1,200 metres (4,000 feet). It prefers full sun exposure, but requires enough humidity and annual rainfall of at least 1,800 mm (70 in). It does not have a soil type preference, but requires good drainage.[citation needed]. Carambola trees are planted at least 6 m (20 ft) from each other and typically are fertilized three times a year. The tree grows rapidly and typically produces fruit at four or five years of age. The large amount of rain during spring actually reduces the amount of fruit, but, in ideal conditions, carambola can produce from 90 to 180 kilograms (200 to 400 pounds) of fruit a year. The carambola tree flowers throughout the year, with main fruiting seasons from April to June and October to December in Malaysia,[16] for example, but fruiting also occurs at other times in some other locales, such as South Florida.[4]. Growth and leaf responses of container-grown `Arkin carambola (Averrhoa ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balimbing
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopediaAngiosperm Phylogeny Group - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) - międzynarodowa grupa systematyków roślin (taksonomów) stworzona w celu ustalenia wspólnego poglądu na taksonomię roślin okrytonasiennych w obliczu szybko rozwijających się metod systematyki molekularnej.. Efektem pracy grupy jest opublikowany w 1998 system klasyfikacji roślin (tzw. system APG I, ang. APG system). System bazował na danych molekularnych (dwóch genów chloroplastowego DNA i jednego genu kodującego rybosomy) analizowanych metodami kladystycznymi[1].. W kolejnych latach ukazywały się wersje zrewidowane. W roku 2003 opublikowano system APG II[2], w 2009 APG III[3][4][5] i w 2016 roku APG IV[6].. ...
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group
Polemoniaceae Phylogeny by J. Mark PorterPolemoniaceae Phylogeny by J. Mark Porter
Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences are used to estimate the phylogeny of 53 members of Polemoniaceae, representing all but two genera of the family. Fitch parsimony analysis of equal-weighted nucleotide sites result in 1080 minimal-length trees. However, when alignment-ambiguous positions are removed and an II: 10 transition to transversion weighting is imposed only eight trees are found. These data are used to address two issues: I) patterns of diversification in Polemoniaceae, and 2) the circumscription and monophyly of the genus Gilia. Although the monophyly of Polemoniaceae is well supported, relationships inferred among the earliest diverging lineages are altered by character weighting, treatment of indels, and taxon inclusion. In spite of the lack of reliable resolution at the basal nodes, ITS data provide evidence that Gilia, as currently interpreted, is polyphyletic and comprises at least five independent lineages.
https://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol15/iss1/6/
Podostemaceae | plant family | Britannica.comPodostemaceae | plant family | Britannica.com
Podostemaceae: Podostemaceae, riverweed family of dicotyledonous flowering plants in the order Malpighiales, with 48 genera and 270 species of aquatic plants that look like mosses,
https://www.britannica.com/plant/Podostemaceae
Herbs from Distant Lands: Sarcandra glabra - Jiu Jie Cha, SenryoHerbs from Distant Lands: Sarcandra glabra - Jiu Jie Cha, Senryo
Sarcandra glabra is a perrenial, spreading evergreen undershrub, that is reaching up to 1.5m in height and somestimes more in width. In nature it usually grows under trees, near streams or lakes, but it can be found both on swamps and dry sandy lands, from sea level to elevations around 2000m beyond. For best growth it should have moist, acid soil, rich in organic matter and partial shade. It have interesting from botanical point of view, shape of flovers, which because of its micro size, are no addiction to beauty of the garden. But a lot of charm has its tiny, bright red-orange fruits (yellow-orenge fruit Sarcandra plants can be found too, but are rare), that are staying on branches for long time, making this plant being very ornamental. It is usually called as berries, while in fact it have a structure of a drupe. Sarcandra glabra is frost resistant to around -10*C, but can be cultivated as a houseplant in regions with colder winter. It is quite drought and heat resistant plant. Fresh leaves ...
http://herbsfromdistantlands.blogspot.com/2016/05/sarcandra-glabra-jiu-jie-cha-senryo.html
Averrhoa carambola (Starfruit tree) - THE WORLDWIDE VEGETABLESAverrhoa carambola (Starfruit tree) - THE WORLDWIDE VEGETABLES
In the United States, commercial cultivation and broad consumer acceptance of the fruit only dates to the 1970s. That acceptance is attributable to Morris Arkin, a backyard horticulturalist, from Coral Gables, Florida. During the late 1960s, Arkin began cultivating plants and trees in his backyard, eventually developing a kind of carambola, or star fruit, that became commercially viable and was named after him. Until the early 1970s, carambola had been grown only as specimen trees in botanical gardens and experiment stations and as a curiosity in home landscapes. However, because of its attractive star shape when cut in cross-section and yellow to golden color, it began to grow in popularity. Fruit from early introductions were however, sour and sometimes considered unpalatable. This limited market and public acceptance, inhibiting development and expansion of carambola as a commercial fresh fruit. Arkin cultivated the Arkin variety - a sweet carambola with good handling characteristics - in ...
http://theworldwidevegetables.weebly.com/averrhoa-carambola-starfruit-tree.html
Flowering plant - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFlowering plant - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A whole genome duplication (doubling) at 160 million years ago (mya) may have started the ancestral line that led to all modern flowering plants.[2] That event was studied by sequencing the genome of an ancient flowering plant, Amborella trichopoda.[3] Amborella, found on the Pacific island of New Caledonia, belongs to a sister group of the other flowering plants. Studies suggest that it has features that may have been characteristic of the earliest flowering plants.[4]. The earliest known fossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis, is dated to about 125 mya in the Lower Cretaceous.[5] Pollen probably of angiosperm origin takes the fossil record back to about 130 mya.. The phylogeny of Angiosperms is as follows: [6][7]. ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperms
Flowering plant - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFlowering plant - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A whole genome duplication (doubling) at 160 million years ago (mya) may have started the ancestral line that led to all modern flowering plants.[2] That event was studied by sequencing the genome of an ancient flowering plant, Amborella trichopoda.[3] Amborella, found on the Pacific island of New Caledonia, belongs to a sister group of the other flowering plants. Studies suggest that it has features that may have been characteristic of the earliest flowering plants.[4] The earliest known fossil confidently identified as an angiosperm, Archaefructus liaoningensis, is dated to about 125 mya in the Lower Cretaceous.[5] Pollen probably of angiosperm origin takes the fossil record back to about 130 mya. The phylogeny of Angiosperms is as follows: [6][7] ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_plants
The Reciprocal Interaction of Angiosperm Evolution and Tetrapod HerbivoryThe Reciprocal Interaction of Angiosperm Evolution and Tetrapod Herbivory
Wing, Scott L. and Tiffney, B. H. 1987. The Reciprocal Interaction of Angiosperm Evolution and Tetrapod Herbivory. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 50 (1-2):179-210 ...
https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/9659
Nuclear genomes of two magnoliids - Laboratory of Molecular Systematics & Evolutionary GeneticsNuclear genomes of two magnoliids - Laboratory of Molecular Systematics & Evolutionary Genetics
Magnoliid genomes provide novel insight into early angiosperm evolution, showing how whole-genome duplication and proliferation of transposable elements have shaped these genomes. Now, two papers giving differing views of early angiosperm phylogeny, raise questions about the relationships among eudicots, monocots and magnoliids.. ...
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/soltis-lab/2019/01/10/nuclear-genomes-of-two-magnoliids/
Genlisea lobata x Genlisea flexuosa {giant} (giant form - treated by colchicine) | Best Carnivorous Plants StoreGenlisea lobata x Genlisea flexuosa {giant} (giant form - treated by colchicine) | Best Carnivorous Plants Store
Best Carnivorous Plants Store - The ultimate offer of seeds, plants, hibernacula and turions (winter buds) of carnivorous plants for sale at a good rate in the plant and seed bank
http://bestcarnivorousplants.net/index.php?node=product&id=4680-genlisea-lobata-x-genlisea-flexuosa-giant-form-treated-by-colchicine
vPlants - Utricularia macrorhiza
Perennial herb 6 - 20 cm tall Stem: submersed or free-floating. Leaves: submersed, 1 - 5 cm long, often two-parted at base, each segment forking several times, progressively getting shorter and narrower toward tip, end segments circular in cross section, the central axis (rachis) becoming zigzag or indistinct. The leafy branches float beneath the water surface and have numerous well-developed bladders that are often dark red to black and more than 2 mm across. Flowers: borne six to twenty on a stalk (scape) 1 mm or more in diameter, subtended by bracts, yellow petals are two-lipped with upper and lower lip nearly equal in length, lower lip having a half-spherical projection. The spur (extended sac at base of petals) is two-thirds as long as the lower lip, curving forward. Fruit: a two-valved capsule on recurved stalks, containing small seeds. Similar species: Utricularia radiata, Utricularia intermedia, Utricularia minor, Utricularia geminiscapa, and Utricularia gibba are other aquatic or ...
https://vplants.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=2592&cl=VPlants
تک‌لپه‌ای‌ها - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزادتک‌لپه‌ای‌ها - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
While the monocotyledons have remained extremely stable in their outer borders as a well-defined and coherent monophylectic group, the deeper internal relationships have undergone considerable flux, with many competing classification systems over time.[33]. Historically, Bentham (1877), considered the monocots to consist of four alliances, Epigynae, Coronariae, Nudiflorae and Glumales, based on floral characteristics. He describes the attempts to subdivide the group since the days of Lindley as largely unsuccessful.[83] Like most subsequent classification systems it failed to distinguish between two major orders, Liliales and Asparagales, now recognised as quite separate.[84] A major advance in this respect was the work of Rolf Dahlgren (1980),[85] which would form the basis of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Groups (APG) subsequent modern classification of monocot families. Dahlgren who used the alternate name Lilliidae considered the monocots as a subclass of angiosperms characterised by a single ...
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7?match=en
Phanerogams (Phanerogamae)Phanerogams (Phanerogamae)
The word angiosperm is made from two words ANGION which means hidden and SPERMA which means seed. These are flowering plants. They have seeds enclosed within fruits. Flowers are the most attractive part of any angiospermic plant. It adds to the beauty of these plants. Flowers are the characteristic features of angiosperms. Flowers attract insects and birds and help in pollination. Reproduction is of sexual type. These undergo double fertilization and endosperms are formed. Angiosperms are further divided into dicots and monocots. For example, peas, sunflower, maize, etc. Angiosperms are the most evolved group of the whole Plant Kingdom. Angiosperms provide us with all crop plants that are used as food and fodder plants. These are economically very important of all other plants. ...
https://www.botanytoday.com/phanerogams-phanerogamae/
NewsletterNewsletter
The evolutionary history of flowering plants is poorly known, represented by remnant fossils only weakly identified as angiosperms. Until recently, fossil evidence of early angiosperms was based on vegetative materials and pollen. None of these fossils, however, showed the presence of ovules or seeds enclosed in carpels, the true distinction of the angiosperm lineage.. A team of paleontologists and paleobotanists led by Ge Sun of Jilin University, China, and David Dilcher of the Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, recently announced the discovery of a new basal angiosperm family, Archaefructaceae (Ge Sun et al. 2002). The new family is represented only by the two species, Archaefructus liaoningensis and A. sinensis. Five virtually complete fossils of these plants, including flowers, seeds, and fruits, were found in the Yixian Formation in Liaoning, northeastern China. The fossils are believed to be between 125 and 145 million years old, placing them within the Lower ...
http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/cbs/Newsletter/view/15
അംബോറില - വിക്കിപീഡിയഅംബോറില - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
അംബോറില്ലേൽസ് നിരയിലെ ഏക കുടുംബമായ അംബോറില്ലേസീയിലെ ഏക ജനുസാണ് അംബോറില. ഈ ജനുസിലും ഒറ്റ സ്പീഷിസ് മാത്രമേയുള്ളൂ, അംബോറില ട്രിക്കോപോഡ. (ശാസ്ത്രീയനാമം: Amborella trichopoda). അടിക്കാടുകളായി കാണപ്പെടുന്ന ചെറുവൃക്ഷങ്ങളായ ഇത് ന്യൂ കാലിഡോണിയയിലെ ഗ്രാന്റ് ടെറ ദ്വീപിലെ തദ്ദേശവാസിയാണ്.[4][4] സപുഷ്‌പിസസ്യങ്ങളിലെ ഏറ്റവും ചുവട്ടിൽ പ്രതിഷ്ഠിക്കപ്പെട്ടിട്ടുള്ള ഈ സസ്യം സസ്യപഠിതാക്കൾക്ക് വളരെ ...
https://ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amborellaceae
Angiosperm - Leaves | Britannica.comAngiosperm - Leaves | Britannica.com
Angiosperm - Angiosperm - Leaves: Leaves initially arise from cell divisions in the shoot apical meristem. A slight bulge (a leaf buttress) is produced, which in dicots continues to grow and elongate to form a leaf primordium. (Stipules, if present, appear as two small protuberances.) Marginal and submarginal meristems on opposite flanks of the primordium initiate leaf-blade formation. Differences in the local activity of marginal meristems cause the lobed shapes of simple leaves and the leaflets in compound leaves. An increase in width and in the number of cell layers is brought about by marginal meristems. Subsequent expansion and increase in length is achieved by
https://www.britannica.com/plant/angiosperm/Leaves
Emerging Genomics of Angiosperm Trees | SpringerLinkEmerging Genomics of Angiosperm Trees | SpringerLink
Genome sequence assemblies of many angiosperm trees used in forestry are now emerging, in addition to the well-characterised genomes of black poplar and eucalyptus reviewed in previous chapters of...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/7397_2016_16
Fossilium Catalogus Plantae, Volume 108: Index of Angiosperm Leaf Species Names C, 1823-2005: J van der Burgh, HWJ van Amerom |...Fossilium Catalogus Plantae, Volume 108: Index of Angiosperm Leaf Species Names C, 1823-2005: J van der Burgh, HWJ van Amerom |...
Buy Fossilium Catalogus Plantae, Volume 108 (9789057821844): Index of Angiosperm Leaf Species Names C, 1823-2005: NHBS - J van der Burgh, HWJ van Amerom, Backhuys
https://www.nhbs.com/fossilium-catalogus-plantae-volume-108-book
Angiosperm vs Gymnosperm- Definition, 27 Major Differences, ExamplesAngiosperm vs Gymnosperm- Definition, 27 Major Differences, Examples
Angiosperm and Gymnosperm Definition. Angiosperm and Gymnosperm Examples. Angiosperm vs Gymnosperm. 27 key differences you should know.
https://microbenotes.com/angiosperm-vs-gymnosperm/
Large distribution and high sequence identity of a Copia-type retrotransposon in angiosperm families, Plant Molecular Biology |...Large distribution and high sequence identity of a Copia-type retrotransposon in angiosperm families, Plant Molecular Biology |...
Read Large distribution and high sequence identity of a Copia-type retrotransposon in angiosperm families, Plant Molecular Biology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/springer_journal/large-distribution-and-high-sequence-identity-of-a-copia-type-pnvAsg4fZp
Category:Lentibulariaceae - Wikimedia CommonsCategory:Lentibulariaceae - Wikimedia Commons
APG IV Classification: Domain: Eukaryota • (unranked): Archaeplastida • Regnum: Plantae • Cladus: angiosperms • Cladus: eudicots • Cladus: core eudicots • Cladus: superasterids • Cladus: asterids • Cladus: euasterids I • Ordo: Lamiales • Familia: Lentibulariaceae Rich. (1808) ...
https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lentibulariaceae
Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full...Inferring phylogenies with incomplete data sets: a 5-gene, 567-taxon analysis of angiosperms | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full...
Phylogenetic analyses of angiosperm relationships have used only a small percentage of available sequence data, but phylogenetic data matrices often can be augmented with existing data, especially if one allows missing characters. We explore the effects on phylogenetic analyses of adding 378 matK sequences and 240 26S rDNA sequences to the complete 3-gene, 567-taxon angiosperm phylogenetic matrix of Soltis et al. We performed maximum likelihood bootstrap analyses of the complete, 3-gene 567-taxon data matrix and the incomplete, 5-gene 567-taxon data matrix. Although the 5-gene matrix has more missing data (27.5%) than the 3-gene data matrix (2.9%), the 5-gene analysis resulted in higher levels of bootstrap support. Within the 567-taxon tree, the increase in support is most evident for relationships among the 170 taxa for which both matK and 26S rDNA sequences were added, and there is little gain in support for relationships among the 119 taxa having neither matK nor 26S rDNA sequences. The 5-gene
https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-9-61
How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals?, Oikos | 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18644.x | DeepDyveHow many flowering plants are pollinated by animals?, Oikos | 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.18644.x | DeepDyve
Read How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals?, Oikos on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/wiley/how-many-flowering-plants-are-pollinated-by-animals-ktmWBJtFU0?impressionId=5efe0861dd1c3&i_medium=docview&i_campaign=references&i_source=references
PPT - The angiosperms PowerPoint Presentation - ID:154268PPT - The angiosperms PowerPoint Presentation - ID:154268
The angiosperms. Greek: angeion case; sperma seed. By far the most diverse group of plants that has ever existed with more than 240,000 different species. Why are there so many species. Angiosperms. Time scale. Origin of angiosperms. Mosses. Ferns . Slideshow 154268 by...
https://www.slideserve.com/niveditha/greek-angeion-case-sperma-seed
Schedule of EventsSchedule of Events
Mon. afternoon (8/2) - Moss phylogeny (Goffinet and Hedderson) Tues. afternoon (8/3) - Basal angiosperms: molecular and developmental (Qiu and Zimmer) Tues. afternoon (8/3) - Liverwort & Hornwort phylogeny (Crandall-Stotler and Hasegawa) Tues. evening (8/3) - Basal angiosperms: structural and paleobotanical (Endress and Friis) Tues. evening (8/3) - Fern phylogeny (Pryer and DuBuisson) Wed. afternoon (8/4) - Angiosperm phylogeny (within major clades) (Soltis, Soltis, and Chase) Wed. afternoon (8/4) - Lycophyte phylogeny (Taylor & Wikstrom) Wed. evening (8/4) - Green Plant Phylogeny (overall) (Buchheim and Kenrick) In addition, the GPPRCG has facilitated a Keynote Symposium that will place the green plants into the context of the rest of the tree of life (organized by Mishler and Huss): Fri. morning (8/5) - Phylogeny of Life (where Mishler will give the overview talk on green plants, drawing from the 8 symposia above ...
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/bryolab/GPphylo/events.html
Neotropical Picramniaceae - Neotropikey from KewNeotropical Picramniaceae - Neotropikey from Kew
APG III. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Vol 161: 3. Pp. 105-121.. Brummitt, R.K. 2007. Picramniaceae. In: V.H. Heywood, R.K. Brummitt, A. Culham and O. Seberg (eds.). Flowering plant families of the world. Pp. 253-254. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.. Mabberley, D.J. 2008. Mabberleys plant book. Third edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.. Stevens, P.F. 2008. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9 onwards. http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/ Thomas, W.W. 2004. Picramniaceae. In: Smith, N., Mori, S.A., Henderson, A., Stevenson, D.W. and Heald, S.V. (eds). Flowering Plants of the Neotropics. Pp. 294-295. The New York Botanical Garden, Princeton University Press, Princeton.. Watson, L. and Dallwitz, M.J. (1992 onwards). The Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval. Version 3rd March 2009. ...
http://www.kew.org/science/tropamerica/neotropikey/families/Picramniaceae.htm
Evolution of the Lamiales Carnivores | ICPSEvolution of the Lamiales Carnivores | ICPS
The common ancestor to Genlisea and Utricularia may have had forks at the tip of the leaves. Both genera have traps with tube openings at a fork. In the Genlisea clade the trap elongated and the forks developed into long spirals. In the Utricularia clade the trap shortened, folded back, and developed the sophisticated trap door mechanism at the leaf fork.. The most basal species of Genlisea and Utricularia have a common feature that gives an additional clue as to how those genera evolved from a proto-Pinguicula. They have two kinds of leaves. Some Pinguicula species such as Pinguicula lusitanica have only one kind of leaf. However, a very similar species, Pinguicula villosa, has two kinds of leaves. The carnivorous summer leaves of Pinguicula villosa look just like the leaves of Pinguicula lusitanica, but the non-carnivorous winter leaves of Pinguicula villosa form a hibernacula. These winter leaves are barely differentiated and serve to protect the apex of the plant during the arctic winters. ...
http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cp/evolution/Lamiales
Transcriptomic resources for an endemic Neotropical plant lineage (Gesneriaceae)
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC5400431/
PandanalesPandanales
Velloziaceae are xeromorphic and sometimes tree-like monocots (but the trunk is made up largely of adventitious roots) that may be recognised by their usually 3-ranked leaves with persistent bases and spiny margins. The inflorescences are terminal, although often appearing to be axillary, and often have one flower. The flowers are rather large, with violet petal-like tepals and a long style; there may be a corona, and the stamens can be many. Evolution: Divergence & Distribution. Mello-Silva et al. (2011) interpreted the split of Acanthochlamys from the rest of the family and other generic disjunctions in terms of drift-induced vicariant events.. African Velloziaceae are all polyploid, the base number for the family perhaps being x = 6 (de Melo et al. 1997; Costa et al. 2017).. Ecology & Physiology. African Velloziaceae include many dessication-tolerant taxa common on inselbergs and a number of arborescent taxa (Porembski & Barthlott 2000; Farrant 2000: Xerophyta; Naidoo et al. 2009: Xerophyta ...
https://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/pandanalesweb.htm
Star Fruit, Carambola, Averrhoa carambolaStar Fruit, Carambola, Averrhoa carambola
The Carambola or Star Fruit is an unique and flavorful fruit. The fruits flavor ranges from very sour to mildly sweetish and tastes something like a mix of apple, pineapple, and kiwi fruit. Slices cut in cross-section have the form of a star.
http://floridagardener.com/pom/Carambola.htm
SENCKENBERG world of biodiversity | Publikationen | Publikationen | Wissenschaftliche Monogr.. | Abhandlungen der Sencken..SENCKENBERG world of biodiversity | Publikationen | Publikationen | Wissenschaftliche Monogr.. | Abhandlungen der Sencken..
A survey of the extensive fruit and seed collections from the Middle Eocene oil shale of the Messel Formation now reveals at least 140 genera, representing more than 34 families of seed plants. The flora includes occasional conifer and numerous angiosperm remains. There are 34 extant angiosperm families represented of which ten are new records for Messel, plus 65 morphotypes of unknown familial affinity. Three extant genera are recorded for the first time from the Paleogene. The assemblage indicates a wide range of dispersal strategies including pods, capsules, explosive dehiscence, a single arillate seed, two seed-types with dispersal hairs and most modern categories of winged disseminules. In terms of mammalian frugivory the flora contains examples of all potential dietary categories. Tough and hard materials are abundant and soft material is common. Gut contents preserved in many birds and mammals prove that fruits and seeds played an integral part in vertebrate diets and borings in one seed ...
http://www.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=362
SENCKENBERG world of biodiversity | Senckenberg Publications | Publications | Scientific monographs an.. | Abhandlungen der SGNSENCKENBERG world of biodiversity | Senckenberg Publications | Publications | Scientific monographs an.. | Abhandlungen der SGN
A survey of the extensive fruit and seed collections from the Middle Eocene oil shale of the Messel Formation now reveals at least 140 genera, representing more than 34 families of seed plants. The flora includes occasional conifer and numerous angiosperm remains. There are 34 extant angiosperm families represented of which ten are new records for Messel, plus 65 morphotypes of unknown familial affinity. Three extant genera are recorded for the first time from the Paleogene. The assemblage indicates a wide range of dispersal strategies including pods, capsules, explosive dehiscence, a single arillate seed, two seed-types with dispersal hairs and most modern categories of winged disseminules. In terms of mammalian frugivory the flora contains examples of all potential dietary categories. Tough and hard materials are abundant and soft material is common. Gut contents preserved in many birds and mammals prove that fruits and seeds played an integral part in vertebrate diets and borings in one seed ...
http://www.senckenberg.de/root/index.php?page_id=2983
Microalgae trapped by carnivorous bladderworts (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae): analysis, attributes and structure of the...Microalgae trapped by carnivorous bladderworts (Utricularia, Lentibulariaceae): analysis, attributes and structure of the...
Utricularia species capture small prey in traps. The prey spectrum of aquatic Utricularia species includes a large variety of organisms (e.g. copepods, cladocerans, crustacea, rotifers, algae). This study focuses on selected attributes (species richness, density, biovolume, C and N contents) of microalgae captured inside the traps of aquatic Utricularia spp.. A total of 850 traps of four aquatic bladderwort species (Utricularia australis, U. foliosa, U. gibba and U. vulgaris) from tropical (Ivory Coast) and temperate (Canada, Germany) regions has been investigated concerning the algae captured. In total, 302 microalgal taxa have been identified with Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Charophyceae being most species rich. The number of microalgae species captured was different among the Utricularia spp. It was relatively low inside the traps of U. gibba and U. foliosa from tropical Africa, with the greatest species diversity observed within the Charophyceae (Desmidiaceae). The highest ...
http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/pde/detail/129/76193/Microalgae_trapped_by_carnivorous_bladderworts_Utricularia_Lentibulariaceae_analysis_attributes_and_structure_of_the_microalgae_trapped
Study on the Extraction Technologies of Polyphenols from Carambola Dregs by Microwave Method--《Journal of Anhui Agricultural...Study on the Extraction Technologies of Polyphenols from Carambola Dregs by Microwave Method--《Journal of Anhui Agricultural...
[Objective] The aim was to research the technique conditions on polyphenol extraction from carambola dregs with microwave method.[Method] The effect of 5 factors on polyphenol extraction rate from carambola was studied through single factor by using microwave method,and the best technique conditions for extracting polyphenol from carambola dregs were screened through orthogonal test.[Result] The single factor experiment showed that the optimum effect of extracting the polyphenol from carambola dregs could be obtained when the size of raw material was 30 meshes,microwave power 560 W,ethanol concn.60%,solid-liquid ratio 1∶50,extracting time 60 s and the extracting was twice.The orthogonal test indicated the influence of 4 factors on polyphenol extraction from carambola dregs with microwave was in the order as: solvent concn. solid-liquid ratio extracting time power.The best technique conditions for extracting polyphenol from carambola dregs with microwave method were as: the ethanol concn.was 50%,size
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-AHNY200915148.htm
Long branch attraction, taxon sampling, and the earliest angiosperms: Amborella or monocots? | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full...Long branch attraction, taxon sampling, and the earliest angiosperms: Amborella or monocots? | BMC Evolutionary Biology | Full...
Numerous studies, using in aggregate some 28 genes, have achieved a consensus in recognizing three groups of plants, including Amborella, as comprising the basal-most grade of all other angiosperms. A major exception is the recent study by Goremykin et al. (2003; Mol. Biol. Evol. 20:1499-1505), whose analyses of 61 genes from 13 sequenced chloroplast genomes of land plants nearly always found 100% support for monocots as the deepest angiosperms relative to Amborella, Calycanthus, and eudicots. We hypothesized that this conflict reflects a misrooting of angiosperms resulting from inadequate taxon sampling, inappropriate phylogenetic methodology, and rapid evolution in the grass lineage used to represent monocots. We used two main approaches to test this hypothesis. First, we sequenced a large number of chloroplast genes from the monocot Acorus and added these plus previously sequenced Acorus genes to the Goremykin et al. (2003) dataset in order to explore the effects of altered monocot sampling under the
https://0-bmcevolbiol-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-4-35
McPherson: Polyploidy in Angiosperm Speciation
Polyploidy was first discovered by Winkler in 1916 during his observations of a spontaneous autopolyploid induced by mechanically damaged tissue (Grant, 1971). Winge (1917) proposed an explanation for polyploidy using an arithmetic series he had observed in Chrysanthemum (2n=18, 36, 54, 72, and 90) and Chenopodium (2n=18, 36) (Grant, 1971). Winge hypothesized that polyploidy occurred by successive increases in the original somatic chromosome number. The most comprehensive work on polyploidy and its relationship to plant evolution is the book Plant Speciation by Vern Grant (1981). It has been estimated that 30% to 70% of angiosperms are polyploids (Grant, 1971). The broad range in estimates for angiosperm polyploidy is due to a lack of knowledge about whether these plants are ancient polyploids, or whether more recent events have caused the polyploidy we observe today. Furthermore, no one really knows the true base number of the angiosperms, making estimates of polyploidy for this large and ...
http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/biol606/OldLecs/Lecture2K.02.McPherson.html
The Ray Ethan Torrey Botanical Greenhouse | Natural History Collections | UMass AmherstThe Ray Ethan Torrey Botanical Greenhouse | Natural History Collections | UMass Amherst
The Ray Ethan Torrey Botanical Greenhouse currently housed by the Department of Biology includes nearly 700 genera in more than 225 families. The collection is especially rich in basal angiosperms, including members some of the most primitive families of flowering plants.. Of particular interest in this regard are plants of Amborella trichopoda of the family Amborellaceae, which is widely considered to represent the most primitive living angiosperm. This rare plant, a native of New Caledonia, is one of a handful of living flowering plants that are primitively vesselless, instead making wood that, like that of gymnosperms, has only tracheids and lacks vessel members.. Another rare, primitive angiosperm in the collection is Austrobaileya, of the family Austrobaileyaceae. This plant, a native of Queensland, Australia, has exceedingly primitive, leaf-like stamens that have no anther- rather the pollen sacs, technically microsporangia, attach directly to a laminar stamen instead of forming the ...
http://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/nhc/ray-ethan-torrey-botanical-greenhouse
Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. The grapevine genome sequence...Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. The grapevine genome sequence...
Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree. The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla
http://www.readabstracts.com/Zoology-and-wildlife-conservation/Hydatellaceae-identified-as-a-new-branch-near-the-base-of-the-angiosperm-phylogenetic-tree.html
PPT - PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION PowerPoint Presentation - ID:1211230PPT - PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION PowerPoint Presentation - ID:1211230
PLANT FORM AND FUNCTION. UNIT SIX Chapters 35,36,37,38,39. Angiosperm Structure. Angiosperms are further divided into 4 major categories: Basal Angiosperms (older angiosperms like Water lilies) Magnoliids (newer like the Magnolia) Monocotyledons a.k.a. monocots (newer still) Slideshow 1211230 by Jimmy
https://www.slideserve.com/Jimmy/plant-form-and-function
angiosperm facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about angiosperm
Get information, facts, and pictures about angiosperm at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about angiosperm easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and dictionary.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/botany/botany-general/angiosperm
Angiosperm phylogeny: Plant classification - a chart of flowering plant families
The chart is designed by David Rydeheard, who owns the copyright. It should not be distributed in any form other than that available on this website and must always include the copyright notice. It is available for personal use or for teaching and research purposes only. Please contact the author (at [email protected]) for permission to use in commerce or for personal gain. ...
http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~david/flora/flora.html
Tree - WikipediaTree - Wikipedia
The majority of tree species are angiosperms. There are about 1000 species of gymnosperm trees,[21] including conifers, cycads, ginkgophytes and gnetales; they produce seeds which are not enclosed in fruits, but in open structures such as pine cones, and many have tough waxy leaves, such as pine needles.[22] Most angiosperm trees are eudicots, the true dicotyledons, so named because the seeds contain two cotyledons or seed leaves. There are also some trees among the old lineages of flowering plants called basal angiosperms or paleodicots; these include Amborella, Magnolia, nutmeg and avocado,[23] while trees such as bamboo, palms and bananas are monocots. Wood gives structural strength to the trunk of most types of tree; this supports the plant as it grows larger. The vascular system of trees allows water, nutrients and other chemicals to be distributed around the plant, and without it trees would not be able to grow as large as they do. Trees, as relatively tall plants, need to draw water up ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree
MoraceaeMoraceae
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. ,em,Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.,/em, 161(2): 105-121. 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x ...
https://www.gbif.org/species/6640
VerbenaceaeVerbenaceae
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. (2009). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. ,em,Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.,/em, 161(2): 105-121. 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x ...
https://www.gbif.org/species/6689
Potamogetonaceae - WikipediaPotamogetonaceae - Wikipedia
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399-436. dostupno online. ...
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamogetonaceae
The Dragons Tales: The Platypus of Flowering Plants, Amborella, has its Genome Sequenced, Hints at Flowering Plant Genomic...The Dragons Tales: The Platypus of Flowering Plants, Amborella, has its Genome Sequenced, Hints at Flowering Plant Genomic...
The newly sequenced genome of the Amborella plant addresses Darwins abominable mystery -- the question of why flowers suddenly proliferated on Earth millions of years ago. The genome sequence sheds new light on a major event in the history of life on Earth: the origin of flowering plants, including all major food crop species. On 20 December 2013, a paper by the Amborella Genome Sequencing Project that includes a full description of the analyses performed by the project, as well as implications for flowering plant research, will be published in the journal Science. The paper is among three on different research areas related to the Amborella genome that will be published in the same issue of the journal ...
https://thedragonstales.blogspot.com/2013/12/the-platypus-of-flowering-plants.html
Bilirubin Present in Diverse Angiosperms by Cary Pirone, Jodie V. Johnson et al.Bilirubin Present in Diverse Angiosperms by Cary Pirone, Jodie V. Johnson et al.
Background and aims: Bilirubin is an orange-yellow tetrapyrrole produced from the breakdown of heme by mammals and some other vertebrates. Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria synthesize molecules similar to bilirubin, including the protein-bound bilins and phytochromobilin which harvest or sense light. Recently, we discovered bilirubin in the arils of Strelitzia nicolai, the White Bird of Paradise Tree, which was the first example of this molecule in a higher plant. Subsequently, we identified bilirubin in both the arils and flowers of Strelitzia reginae, the Bird of Paradise Flower. In the arils of both species, bilirubin is present as the primary pigment, and thus functions to produce color. Previously, no tetrapyrroles were known to generate display color in plants. We were therefore interested in determining whether bilirubin is broadly distributed in the plant kingdom, and whether it contributes to color in other species.
https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/cas_bio/1/
Utricularia minutissima in Flora of China @ efloras.orgUtricularia minutissima in Flora of China @ efloras.org
1. Utricularia minutissima Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 204. 1804. 斜果挖耳草 xie guo wa er cao Utricularia brevilabris Lace; U. brevilabris var. parviflora Pellegrin; U. evrardii Pellegrin; U. lilliput Pellegrin; U. nigricaulis Ridley; U. nipponica Makino; U. siamensis Ostenfeld.. Annuals, terrestrial. Rhizoids capillary, simple. Stolons capillary, sparsely branched. Traps on rhizoids, stolons, and leaves, stalked, ovoid, ca. 0.2 mm, mouth lateral; appendage 1, dorsal, subulate, with 1 or 2 ventral pairs of trichome rows. Leaves few, from peduncle base and stolons, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly obovate to linear, 0.3-2 cm × 0.4-0.8 mm, membranous, vein 1, base attenuate onto petiole, margin entire, apex slightly obtuse. Inflorescences erect, 3-12 cm, 1-10-flowered, glabrous; peduncle terete, 0.2-0.4 mm thick; scales few, similar to bracts; bracts basifixed, narrowly ovate, 0.5-1 mm, apex acute. Pedicel erect, ± as long as bracts, filiform; bracteoles similar to bracts but sometimes narrower or ...
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200021978
Utricularia graminifolia in Flora of China @ efloras.orgUtricularia graminifolia in Flora of China @ efloras.org
7. Utricularia graminifolia Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 195. 1804. 禾叶挖耳草 he ye wa er cao Utricularia caerulea Linnaeus var. graminifolia (Vahl) P. K. Bhattacharyya; U. conferta Wight; U. equiseticaulis Blatter & McCann; U. parviflora Buchanan-Hamilton ex Smith; U. pedicellata Wight; U. purpurascens Graham; U. subrecta Lace; U. uliginoides Wight.. Perennials or perhaps sometimes annuals, terrestrial. Rhizoids and stolons capillary, branched. Traps on rhizoids, stolons, and leaves, stalked, globose, 0.5-1.3 mm, mouth basal; appendages 2, dorsal, simple, subulate. Leaves numerous, from stolon nodes, glabrous; leaf blade linear to narrowly obovate, 0.4-2 cm × 0.8-3 mm, membranous, veins 3, base attenuate onto petiole, margin entire, apex rounded to subacute. Inflorescences erect, 2.5-30 cm, 1-6-flowered, glabrous; peduncle terete, 0.4-1 mm thick; scales few to many, similar to bracts; bracts basifixed, ovate, 2-2.5 mm, apex acuminate. Pedicel ascending, 3-13 mm, filiform, narrowly winged; ...
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200021974
UWL Website
This phylogenetic tree traces the lineage of Cuscuta pentagaon from phylum to order. We start with the phylum, Angiosperms, and can follow the tree to the class Eudicots, through a few sublevels, and finally to the order Solanales. A known relative of Cuscuta pentagona in the order Lamiales is sage, which Cuscuta also parasitizes (Ombrello). This tree uses DNA to determine relatedness. The sequences of 545 rbcL, atpB, and 18S rDNA genes were used as well as values of 2538 rbcL sequences. This information can be seen in the caption of the figure. More can be read on the original site by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group.. Return to Home ...
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/f2012/neve_rach/classification.htm
Angiosperms - BIOLOGY4ISCAngiosperms - BIOLOGY4ISC
Unlike the gymnosperms where the ovules are naked, in the angiosperms or flowering plants, the pollen grains and ovules are developed in specialised structures called flowers. The female sex organs in a flower is the carpel. Pistil consists of an ovary enclosing one to many ovules. Within ovules are present highly reduced female gametophytes termed embryosacs ...
https://biology4isc.weebly.com/angiosperms.html
Plants Profile for Juncus gerardii (saltmeadow rush)Plants Profile for Juncus gerardii (saltmeadow rush)
The Plants Database includes the following 2 subspecies of Juncus gerardii . Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles ...
https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=JUGE
Recent Articles | Innovation, Cell & Molecular Biology And Disease/Medicine | The Scientist Magazine®| Page 78Recent Articles | Innovation, Cell & Molecular Biology And Disease/Medicine | The Scientist Magazine®| Page 78
Sex lives of early hominins; Amborella trichopoda genome; surface topography and stem cells; how HIV weakens immune cells; dogs, dust microbes, and mouse allergies; news from ASCB. 0 Comments. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/tagNo/491,4,6/tags/innovation,cell--amp--molecular-biology,disease-medicine/pageNo/78/
Recent Articles | Natural History Museum And Cell & Molecular Biology | The Scientist Magazine®| Page 31Recent Articles | Natural History Museum And Cell & Molecular Biology | The Scientist Magazine®| Page 31
Sex lives of early hominins; Amborella trichopoda genome; surface topography and stem cells; how HIV weakens immune cells; dogs, dust microbes, and mouse allergies; news from ASCB. 0 Comments. ...
https://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.list/tagNo/1533,4/tags/Natural-History-Museum,cell--amp--molecular-biology/pageNo/31/
Direct linkDirect link
Plants have been growing on land for at least 450 million years. The bryophytes comprising the three phyla liverworts, mosses and hornworts, are considered to be the closest extant relatives to the plants that colonized land. Bryophytes has been described as evolutionary unchanging sphinxes of the past regarding both morphological and genetic potential. This suggestion has some support in limited studies of molecular evolution within bryophytes, but has also been questioned based on e.g., studies of species diversification rates. To shed more light on this controversy, the overall aim of this thesis is to investigate rates and patterns of bryophyte molecular evolution.. Our data suggest that the per nucleotide mutation rates in bryophytes are lower than those in angiosperms. Likewise, angiosperms are also more dynamic in terms of genome size, structural rearrangements, genome duplications and transposon activity. However, our data show that mutation rates of bryophytes are higher or at least ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1348617
中国科学院动物研究所机构知识库(CAS OpenIR): New universal matK primers for DNA barcoding angiosperms中国科学院动物研究所机构知识库(CAS OpenIR): New universal matK primers for DNA barcoding angiosperms
Yu J.,Xue J. H.,Zhou S. L.. New universal matK primers for DNA barcoding angiosperms[J]. Journal of Systematics and Evolution,2011,49(3):176-181 ...
http://ir.ioz.ac.cn/handle/000000/8346
AP Biology 40 Terms Project - Romance Photo BookAP Biology 40 Terms Project - Romance Photo Book
S: By: Shundar Ahad AP Biology Mrs. Caro. FC: AP Biology Summer Project. 1: Amylase- This is an enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into simple sugars. The saliva glands are located under the tongue.. 2: Porifera- Porifera are multicelled organisms that have many watter intake and outtake vessels. We call them sponges, the kids call him Spongebob.. 3: Stem - woody- This is when the structure of the plant stem is hard and more brownish. The primary example is obviously trees.. 4: . Angiosperm- Angiosperm is the sex organ of plants. This helps the plant reproduce and comes in a variety of systems. The most popular angiosperm are flowers and fruits, which attract all kinds of organisms to spread pollen and seeds. In this case I am showing you a flower, and the pollen inside it.. 5: Stem - woody- This is when the structure of the plant stem is hard and more brownish. The primary example is obviously trees.. 6: Chlorophyta- Chlorophyta is a division of green algae. These green algae can be found ...
https://www.mixbook.com/photo-books/romance/ap-biology-40-terms-project-7923112?vk=7Lhg7QZo1u
Upper Paleocene and lowermost Eocene angiosperm pollen biostratigraphy of the eastern Gulf Coast and Virginia | MicroAccessUpper Paleocene and lowermost Eocene angiosperm pollen biostratigraphy of the eastern Gulf Coast and Virginia | MicroAccess
Upper Paleocene and lowermost Eocene angiosperm pollen biostratigraphy of the eastern Gulf Coast and Virginia Norman O. Frederiksen. Micropaleontology Volume 44, No. 1 pp. 45-68 ...
https://www.micropress.org/microaccess/micropaleontology/issue-88/article-513
What if all Insects Died? - Bug Busters USA, Inc.What if all Insects Died? - Bug Busters USA, Inc.
What if all Insects Died?. If insects were to disappear, the world would fall apart - theres no two ways about it, said Goggy Davidowitz, a professor in the departments of entomology and ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Arizona.. Although the world would fall apart, there would be no pesky mosquito bites or fleas on dogs. Insect spread diseases such as malaria and dengue fever, which affects millions and kills hundreds of thousands of people a year would be over.. There are most certainly pros and cons of losing insects. One of the biggest cons would be that approximately 80% of the worlds plant life is angiosperms, which means in order to reproduce they have to have pollen physically transferred to one another, which without inspects would not happen.. Between 50% to 90% of the human diet, depending on the country, comes directly from flowering (angiosperm) plants.. Global climate change, is also throwing off the synchronicity of insect hatchings and flower blooms ...
https://bugbustersusa.com/2015/12/03/what-if-all-insects-died/
Details - Chromosome Number in Two Primitive Dicots, Xymalos Monospora (Monimiaceae) and Piptocalyx Moorei (Trimeniaceae) -...Details - Chromosome Number in Two Primitive Dicots, Xymalos Monospora (Monimiaceae) and Piptocalyx Moorei (Trimeniaceae) -...
The Biodiversity Heritage Library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community.
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/1776
Angiosperm Morphology, Taxonomy and Economic Botany October 2012 | easybiologyclassAngiosperm Morphology, Taxonomy and Economic Botany October 2012 | easybiologyclass
Angiosperm Morphology, Taxonomy and Economic Botany October 2011 | easybiologyclassAngiosperm Morphology, Taxonomy and Economic Botany October 2011 | easybiologyclass
Rosopsida - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopediaRosopsida - Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia
Rosopsida Batsch - klasa roślin okrytonasiennych wydzielona w systemie Reveala (wraz z czterema innymi) w miejsce dwuliściennych (po odkryciu ich parafiletycznego charakteru). W nowszych systemach (system APG I, APG II) klasy nie są wyróżniane, a rośliny okrytonasienne klasyfikowane są w systemie kladów uporządkowanych z użyciem rang rzędów i rodzin. Zgodnie z aktualną wiedzą[1][2] taksony skupione przez Reveala w klasie Rosopsida są w istocie grupą niemal monofiletyczną i odpowiadają tzw. dwuliściennym właściwym (z wyjątkiem odrębnie przez Reveala sklasyfikowaną klasą Ranunculopsida odpowiadającą rzędowi Ranunculales w systemie APG II). Klasyfikacja taksonów niższego rzędu w klasyfikacji Reveala odbiega w wielu miejscach od bardziej aktualnych ujęć systematycznych prezentowanych w systemie APG II (zresztą współtworzonego przez Jamesa Reveala wchodzącego w skład Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). W 2007 roku Reveal opublikował wspólnie z Robertem F. Thorne nową ...
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosopsida
Asterids - WikipediaAsterids - Wikipedia
In the APG II seestem (2003) for the classification o flouerin plants, the name asterids denotes a clade (a monophyletic group).[1] Maist o the taxa belangin tae this clade had been referred tae the Asteridae in the Cronquist seestem (1981) an tae the Sympetalae in earlier seestems. The name asterids (nae necessarily caipitalised) resembles the earlier botanical name but is intendit tae be the name o a clade rather than a formal ranked name, in the sense o the ICBN. This clade is ane o the twa maist speciose groups o eudicots, the ither bein the rosids. It consists o:[1] ...
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterids
Merits and Demerits of Telome Theory | Biology (840 Words)
4. The polystelic condition in the axis of plants is supposed to have developed due to parenchymatic syngenesis of several monostelic axes. The actinostelic condition is supposed to be the product of radial fusion of steles in polystelic axis. Such an explanation is diametrically opposed to the widely accepted concept of stelar theory (Stewart, 1964).. 5. Andrews (1963) has given a series of diagrams of Palaeozoic seeds to explain the origin of cupule. Pettitt (1970) found them to be more or less of the same age.. 6. The theory has received little attention by angiosperm centred morphologists. Its application to stamens (Puri, 1947, 1951, 1955), venation pattern of leaves (Foster, 1950), morphological nature of angiosperm leaves and sporophylls, and carpels (Eames 1961) have been criticized from time to time.. To sum up it would be worth to quote the reaction of Andrews and Eames. Andrews (1961) says, Zimmermanns scheme for the pteropsids, or atleast some pteropsids, has much supporting ...
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/merits/merits-and-demerits-of-telome-theory-biology-840-words/6984/
Broad Leaf Flowering PlantsBroad Leaf Flowering Plants
Broad leafed flowering plants are plant species with wide flat leaves that develop flowers. The leaf characteristics of broad leaf plants include various traits like arrangement, shape, margin and texture. Broad leaf flowering plants come in both deciduous and evergreen varieties.
http://www.ehow.co.uk/info_8283179_broad-leaf-flowering-plants.html
Chirita eburnea Hance - The Plant List
This name is the accepted name of a species in the genus Chirita (family Gesneriaceae). The record derives from WCSP (in review) which reports it as an accepted name with original publication details ...
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2718478?ref=tpl2
Basal angiospermsBasal angiosperms
The basal angiosperms are only a few hundred species, compared with hundreds of thousands of species of eudicots, monocots, and ... The basal angiosperms are the flowering plants which diverged from the lineage leading to most flowering plants. In particular ... Soltis, D. E.; Soltis, P. S. (2004), "Amborella not a "basal angiosperm"? Not so fast", American Journal of Botany, 91 (6): 997 ... "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_angiosperms
Angiosperm Phylogeny WebsiteAngiosperm Phylogeny Website
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (or APweb) is a website dedicated to research on angiosperm phylogeny and taxonomy. The site ... Angiosperm taxonomy, Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, Online taxonomy databases, Missouri Botanical Garden, All stub articles, ... Peter F. Stevens is a member of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG). The taxonomy presented is broadly based on the work of ... "Angiosperm phylogeny: A chart of flowering plant families". Wikimedia Commons has media related to APWebsite. Official website ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website
Angiosperm Phylogeny GroupAngiosperm Phylogeny Group
2001], Angiosperm Phylogeny Website, retrieved 11 June 2016 Cole, Theodor C.H. (2015), "Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) in ... "Results from an online survey of family delimitation in angiosperms and ferns: recommendations to the Angiosperm Phylogeny ... 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group ... The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) is an informal international group of systematic botanists who collaborate to establish a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group
Indian Association for Angiosperm TaxonomyIndian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy
It promotes Angiosperm taxonomy in India and acts as a gathering organisation for Angiosperm taxonomists. The IAAT publishes a ... The Indian Association for Angiosperm Taxonomy (IAAT) was established in 1990. The IAAT is headquartered at the Department of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Association_for_Angiosperm_Taxonomy
Bessey systemBessey system
Bessey, Charles (September 1897). "Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Angiosperms". Botanical Gazette. XXIV (3): 145-178. doi: ... Angiosperms). In that he used the same names for the subclasses of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, this is contrary to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessey_system
LilianaeLilianae
Pooja (2004). Angiosperms. New Delhi: Discovery. ISBN 9788171417889. Retrieved 7 January 2016. Rudall, P.J.; Cribb, P.J.; ... "A commentary on a diagrammatic presentation of the angiosperms in relation to the distribution of character states". In ... Thorne, Robert F. (February 1983). "Proposed new realignments in the angiosperms". Nordic Journal of Botany. 3 (1): 85-117. doi ... Dahlgren, Gertrud (July 1989). "An updated angiosperm classification". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 100 (3): 197- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilianae
History of EarthHistory of Earth
The earliest evidence for the angiosperms evolving flowers is during the Cretaceous period, some 20 million years later (132 Ma ... Soltis, Pam; Doug Soltis; Christine Edwards (2005). "Angiosperms". The Tree of Life Project. Retrieved 2006-04-09. "Devonian ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Earth
Flowering plantFlowering plant
The great angiosperm radiation, when a great diversity of angiosperms appears in the fossil record, occurred in the mid- ... A Bayesian analysis of 52 angiosperm taxa suggested that the crown group of angiosperms evolved between 178 million years ago ... Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (/mæɡˌnoʊliˈɒfətə, -əˈfaɪtə/). Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing ... The origin and diversification of the angiosperms is often known as "Darwin's abominable mystery". Angiosperms differ from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering_plant
MagnoliidsMagnoliids
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of ... 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group ... The circumscription is: The clade includes most of the basal groups of the angiosperms. This clade was formally named ... Dahlgren, R.M.T. (1980). "A revised system of classification of angiosperms". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 80 (2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnoliids
OphrypetalumOphrypetalum
Walker, James W. (1976). "Evolutionary Significance of the Exine in the Pollen of Primative [sic?] Angiosperms". In Ferguson, I ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophrypetalum
Sanicula bipinnataSanicula bipinnata
"Angiosperms: Dicotyledons". Poisonous Plants of California. California natural history guides. Vol. 53. University of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanicula_bipinnata
Timeline of natural historyTimeline of natural history
Angiosperms diversify. c. 52.5 Ma - First passerine (perching) birds. c. 52 Ma - First bats. c. 50 Ma - Africa collides with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_natural_history
Syllabus der PflanzenfamilienSyllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
Naik, V.N. (1984). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 978-0-0745-1788-8. Stace, Clive A. ( ... 2015). A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien Part 4: Pinopsida (Gymnosperms), Magnoliopsida (Angiosperms) p.p. (13th ed.). ... angiosperms) Magnoliidae [Part 4, to be published] Lilianae (monocotyledons) Acorales, Alismatales, Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien
PittosporaceaePittosporaceae
Rhytidosporum Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and ... A Voyage to Terra Australis 2, Appendix III: 542 Sambamurty, A. V. S. S. (1 January 2005). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. I. K. ... Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards) Pittosporaceae at 'Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012 [and more or less ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittosporaceae
InferaeInferae
... angiosperms). It is the most popular system of classification based on key characteristics enabling taxonomic students to ... Dicotyledons, Gamopetalae "Angiosperms. Part 9". chestofbooks.com. Retrieved 11 October 2018. http://www.tutorvista.com/content ... biology-iii/angiosperm-classification/bentham-hookers-classification.php Bentham and Hookers Classification of plants (Articles ... with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Historically recognized angiosperm taxa). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferae
Engler systemEngler system
Naik, V.N. (1984). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. ISBN 9780074517888. Stuessy, Tod F. (2009). ... angiosperms), but were later subdivided. Embryophyta Siphonogama replaced the older term Phanerogamae, and the classes were ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engler_system
MorindaMorinda
ISBN 978-0-8493-2677-6. Sambamurty, A.V.S.S. (2005). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. I. K. International Pvt Ltd. p. 404. ISBN 978-81- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morinda
CompilospeciesCompilospecies
Sambamurty, A. V. S. S. (2005). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. New Delhi: I.K. International. ISBN 8188237167. OCLC 841013792. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilospecies
Sequential hermaphroditismSequential hermaphroditism
In the context of the plant sexuality of flowering plants (angiosperms), there are two forms of dichogamy: protogyny-female ... However, a survey of the angiosperms found that self-incompatible (SI) plants, which are incapable of inbreeding, were as ... Bertin, R.I. (1993). "Incidence of monoecy and dichogamy in relation to self-fertilization in angiosperms". Am. J. Bot. 80 (5 ... Lora, J.; Herrero, M.; Hormaza, J. I. (2011). "Stigmatic receptivity in a dichogamous early-divergent angiosperm species, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential_hermaphroditism
Capparis lasianthaCapparis lasiantha
Sambamurthy, A. V. S. S. (2005). Taxonomy Of Angiosperms. I. K. International Pvt Ltd. p. 72. ISBN 8188237167. Braby, Michael F ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capparis_lasiantha
Taxonomy of LiliaceaeTaxonomy of Liliaceae
... angiosperms), systematists formed the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG), resulting in a new classification published in 1998. ... The Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (APWeb) includes four of Takhtajan's families in Liliaceae, recognizing three subfamilies, one ... Soltis, D.E.; Soltis, P.F.; Endress, P.K.; Chase, M.W. (2005). Phylogeny and evolution of angiosperms. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer ... doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x. APG III (2009). "An Update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Liliaceae
PhytogeographyPhytogeography
Taxonomy of Angiosperms. I. K. International Pvt Ltd. p. 188. ISBN 978-81-88237-16-6. Craw, Robin C.; Grehan, John R.; Heads, ... China has been a focus to botanist for its rich biota as it holds the record for the earliest known angiosperm megafossil. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytogeography
2017 in paleobotany2017 in paleobotany
Xin Wang (2017). "Fossil Plants Possibly Related to Angiosperms". In Xin Wang (ed.). The Dawn Angiosperms. Uncovering the ... Mohamed I.A. Ibrahim; Mohamed K. Zobaa; Zainab M. El-Noamani; Sameh S. Tahoun (2017). "A review of the angiosperm pollen genus ... A study on the diversity of insect herbivory on fossil angiosperm leaves from the Miocene Hindon Maar fossil lagerstätte (Otago ... Zhong-Jian Liu; Xin Wang (2017). "Yuhania: a unique angiosperm from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China". Historical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_in_paleobotany
Species PlantarumSpecies Plantarum
ISBN 978-0-521-42785-2. V. N. Naik (1984). "A review of pre-Darwinian classification". Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Tata McGraw- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species_Plantarum
Acantholimon acmostegiumAcantholimon acmostegium
"Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)". Earth.com. Retrieved 2021-12-14. taxonomy. "Taxonomy browser (Acantholimon acmostegium)". www. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acantholimon_acmostegium
MegagametogenesisMegagametogenesis
Willemse MT, van Went JL (1984). "The Female Gametophyte". In Johri BM (ed.). Embryology of Angiosperms. Springer Berlin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megagametogenesis
Dolomiaea costusDolomiaea costus
A.V.S.S. Sambamurty (2005). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. I. K. International Pvt. Ltd. p. 417. ISBN 9788188237166. Davidson, Tish ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomiaea_costus
Devendra Prasad GuptaDevendra Prasad Gupta
Gupta, D. P. (1968). Taxonomy of angiosperms. Asian Pub. Retrieved 23 February 2018. Prasad Gupta, Devendra (1970). Studies on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devendra_Prasad_Gupta
TaxonTaxon
ISBN 978-3-642-50733-5. Naik, V. N. (1984). Taxonomy of Angiosperms. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, p. 2. ICZN (1999) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxon
PhyllocladePhylloclade
doi:10.1007/s00427-007-0149-0. Dickinson, T.A. (1978). "Epiphylly in angiosperms". The Botanical Review. 44 (2): 181-232. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylloclade
Browsing by Subject AngiospermsBrowsing by Subject "Angiosperms"
World Health Organization; WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants; WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (‎2nd : 1999 : Ravello-Salerno, Italy)‎; WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (‎3rd : 2001 : Ottawa, Ont.)‎; WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (‎4th : 2005 : Salerno-Paestum, Italy)‎ (‎World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization, 2006)‎ ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?authority=Angiosperms&type=mesh
Browsing by Subject AngiospermsBrowsing by Subject "Angiosperms"
World Health Organization; WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants; WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (‎2nd : 1999 : Ravello-Salerno, Italy)‎; WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (‎3rd : 2001 : Ottawa, Ont.)‎; WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (‎4th : 2005 : Salerno-Paestum, Italy)‎ (‎World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organization, 2006)‎ ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&type=mesh&authority=Angiosperms
Angiosperms versus gymnosperms: How flowering plants came to rule | New ScientistAngiosperms versus gymnosperms: How flowering plants came to rule | New Scientist
... the angiosperms, became dominant. What caused the fall of one and the rise of the other? ... Flowers enabled angiosperms to use insects for pollination, boosting their reproductive success and spurring them on to global ... They cling on in a world conquered by a quarter of a million angiosperm species - the flowering plants. ... Flowerless gymnosperms, such as conifer and ginkgo, ruled the Jurassic world before their flowering rivals, the angiosperms, ...
https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25634120-100-how-flowering-plants-beat-bloom-free-gymnosperms-to-world-dominance/
angiosperm - Vascular system and water uptake from soil | Britannicaangiosperm - Vascular system and water uptake from soil | Britannica
The putatively primitive angiosperms are without vessels and evolved from a condition in which only tracheids were present to ... The tracheary elements consist of only tracheids, as in the few vessel-less angiosperms (e.g., Winteraceae), or of both ... The most common type of perforation plates in the angiosperms are scalariform and simple; the other types are rare. ... The secondary phloem of angiosperms consists of sieve-tube members, companion cells, scattered parenchyma, ray parenchyma, and ...
https://www.britannica.com/plant/angiosperm/Organization-of-the-vascular-tissue
Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) • Earth.comAngiosperms (Flowering Plants) • Earth.com
Preserved embryos illustrate seed dormancy in early angiospermsPreserved embryos illustrate seed dormancy in early angiosperms
However, the embryo to seed ratio in the fossil seeds is much smaller than in seeds of most living angiosperms and an order of ... Added Crane: "This is the first time that we have had direct fossil evidence of the embryos of early angiosperms and how they ... Angiosperms, or flowering plants, diversified during the Early Cretaceous, about 100 to 130 million years ago. Based on ... The newly reported genome sequence of a water lily sheds light on the early evolution of angiosperms, the group of all ...
https://www.brightsurf.com/news/article/121615388268/preserved-embryos-illustrate-seed-dormancy-in-early-angiosperms.html
Pollination - Evolution Of Pollination - Pollen, Seed, Plants, and Angiosperms - JRank Articles
It was once widely believed that insect pollination was the driving force in the evolutionary origin of angiosperms. A cross ... Once the angiosperms had evolved, insect pollination became an important factor in their evolutionary diversification. By the ... indicates that certain species of early gymnosperms were pollinated by insects millions of years before the angiosperms had ... late Cretaceous period (about 70 million years ago), the angiosperms had evolved flowers with complex and specific adaptations ...
https://science.jrank.org/pages/5390/Pollination-Evolution-pollination.html
Brunoniaceae in Families of Angiosperms: Punched Cards by Hansen & Rahn @ efloras.orgBrunoniaceae in Families of Angiosperms: Punched Cards by Hansen & Rahn @ efloras.org
ovules axile, carpels connate, ovules attached to the central axis or ventrally in apocarpae, ovules attached to the base of the ...
http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=900&taxon_id=10128
Angiosperms | OpenStax Biology 2e
Diversity of Angiosperms. Angiosperms are classified in a single phylum: the Anthophyta. Modern angiosperms appear to be a ... Within the angiosperms are three major groups: basal angiosperms, monocots, and dicots. Basal angiosperms are a group of plants ... Angiosperms. Learning Objectives. By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following:. *Explain why angiosperms ... phylum to which angiosperms belong. basal angiosperms. a group of plants that probably branched off before the separation of ...
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-osbiology2e/chapter/angiosperms/
Are angiosperms vascular or nonvascular?Are angiosperms vascular or nonvascular?
Angiosperms _____. have flowers have cones are nonvascular are seedless Angiosperms _____. have flowers have cones are ... Are angiosperms vascular or nonvascular? The two main types of plants are _____. a. mesophytes and xerophytes b. vascular and ... Hi! Angiosperms are also known as flowering plants, and they are vascular. This means that they possess vascular tissue which ...
https://iuee.eu/en/are-angiosperms-vascular-or-nonvascular.13366881.html
Angiosperm pollen Cuayuca Fm.: Appendix 3Angiosperm pollen Cuayuca Fm.: Appendix 3
... APPENDIX 3.. List of palynomorphs from Cuayuca Formation Mcy Member with ...
https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2015/257-465/1042-angiosperm-pollen-cuayuca-fm-appendix-3
Is a Rose a Gymnosperm or an Angiosperm? | Home Guides | SF GateIs a Rose a Gymnosperm or an Angiosperm? | Home Guides | SF Gate
Angiosperms come in an enormous variety of shapes and sizes, from flowering plants less than 1 inch long to trees that grow to ... Angiosperms. One of the primary ways scientists by which classify plants is how the plant reproduces itself. Plants that ... Roses therefore fall under the angiosperm classification, since they protect their seeds within a fruit, or in this case, two ... Gymnosperms, in contrast to angiosperms, produce seeds that are not enclosed inside a fruit. These are called "naked seeds" ...
https://homeguides.sfgate.com/is-a-rose-a-gymnosperm-or-an-angiosperm-12513854.html
PDF] Horizontal Transfer of Entire Genomes via Mitochondrial Fusion in the Angiosperm Amborella | Semantic ScholarPDF] Horizontal Transfer of Entire Genomes via Mitochondrial Fusion in the Angiosperm Amborella | Semantic Scholar
... was able to infer that a whole-genome duplication event preceded the evolution of this ancestral angiosperm, and Rice et al. (p ... and other angiosperms. Many of these horizontal transfers were large, including acquisition of entire mitochondrial genomes ... A physical map for the Amborella trichopoda genome sheds light on the evolution of angiosperm genome structure. *A. Zuccolo, J ... The results support the idea that the evolution of angiosperms has led to the loss of RNA editing sites in plastids and mapped ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Horizontal-Transfer-of-Entire-Genomes-via-Fusion-in-Rice-Alverson/e5a80e34a54e91ee00218e4db054682dfcc3e6d0
EUNIS -Factsheet for Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms
... with angiosperms Sea-cliffs, or parts of sea-cliffs, and rocky shores colonized by disjunct assemblages of salt-tolerant ... Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms. English name: Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms Description ( ... Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with angiosperms same EUNIS Habitat Classification 200308 B3.3 Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, ... with angiosperms same EUNIS Habitat Classification 200202 B3.3 Rock cliffs, ledges and shores, with halophytic angiosperms same ...
https://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats/46
Lecture: Lec 33- Angiosperm pollination, dispersal a - DnaTube.com - Scientific Video and Animation SiteLecture: Lec 33- Angiosperm pollination, dispersal a - DnaTube.com - Scientific Video and Animation Site
Lec 33- Angiosperm pollination, dispersal a Lec 33- Angiosperm pollination, dispersal a. General Biology ...
https://www.dnatube.com/video/18542/Lec-33-Angiosperm-pollination-dispersal-a
Heterologous expression of a lycophyte protein enhances angiosperm seedling vigor | Development | The Company of BiologistsHeterologous expression of a lycophyte protein enhances angiosperm seedling vigor | Development | The Company of Biologists
Angiosperm seeds develop inside fruits and are connected to the mother plant through vascular tissues. Their formation requires ... Heterologous expression of a lycophyte protein enhances angiosperm seedling vigor In collection: Plant development ... Our results thus suggest that BRX variants can boost seedling vigor and shed light on the activity of ancient, non-angiosperm ... Heterologous expression of a lycophyte protein enhances angiosperm seedling vigor. Development 1 November 2022; 149 (21): ...
https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article-abstract/149/21/dev200917/278435/Heterologous-expression-of-a-lycophyte-protein?redirectedFrom=fulltext
What are two major functions of the mature pollen grain in angiosperms?What are two major functions of the mature pollen grain in angiosperms?
Frequent chloroplast RNA editing in early-branching flowering plants: pilot studies on angiosperm-wide coexistence of editing...Frequent chloroplast RNA editing in early-branching flowering plants: pilot studies on angiosperm-wide coexistence of editing...
In a phylogenetically wide sampling of 65 angiosperm genomes we find evidence for only one single loss of CRR28 in chickpea but ... RNA editing specificity factors can be traced back for more than 120 million years of angiosperm evolution and show highly ... Selected cDNA studies in the other early-branching flowering plant taxa furthermore reveal a high diversity of early angiosperm ... We now predicted significantly more RNA editing in chloroplasts of early-branching angiosperm genera like Amborella, ...
https://bmcecolevol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-016-0589-0/tables/1
Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity<...Non-equilibrium dynamics and floral trait interactions shape extant angiosperm diversity<...
Simulations suggest that angiosperms will remain far from the equilibrium frequencies of character states well into the future ... Simulations suggest that angiosperms will remain far from the equilibrium frequencies of character states well into the future ... Simulations suggest that angiosperms will remain far from the equilibrium frequencies of character states well into the future ... Simulations suggest that angiosperms will remain far from the equilibrium frequencies of character states well into the future ...
https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/publications/non-equilibrium-dynamics-and-floral-trait-interactions-shape-exta
Course Catalogue - Biodiversity of Angiosperms (PGBI11044)
The evolution of angiosperms is reflected in the study of their floral diversity. The study of angiosperm diversity involves ... The Biodiversity of Angiosperms course explores the major features of Angiosperm families to enable the understanding of their ... Understand the flower structures of major angiosperm taxa.. *Identify the major angiosperm families based on floral and ... Postgraduate Course: Biodiversity of Angiosperms (PGBI11044). Course Outline. School. School of Biological Sciences. College. ...
http://www.drps.ed.ac.uk/22-23/dpt/cxpgbi11044.htm
Almond - WikipediaAlmond - Wikipedia
The almond is a deciduous tree growing to 4-12.2 metres (13-40 feet) in height,[8] with a trunk of up to 30 centimetres (12 inches) in diameter. The young twigs are green at first, becoming purplish where exposed to sunlight, then gray in their second year. The leaves are 8-13 cm (3-5 in) long,[9] with a serrated margin and a 2.5 cm (1 in) petiole. The flowers are white to pale pink, 3-5 cm (1-2 in) diameter with five petals, produced singly or in pairs and appearing before the leaves in early spring.[10][11] Almond grows best in Mediterranean climates with warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The optimal temperature for their growth is between 15 and 30 °C (59 and 86 °F) and the tree buds have a chilling requirement of 200 to 700 hours below 7.2 °C (45.0 °F) to break dormancy.[12] Almonds begin bearing an economic crop in the third year after planting. Trees reach full bearing five to six years after planting. The fruit matures in the autumn, 7-8 months after flowering.[11][13] The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond
Map of Life | Flowering plants: angiosperms and gnetophytes
"Flowering plants: angiosperms and gnetophytes" is unavailable while its content is being edited or updated. We apologise for ...
https://mapoflife.org/topics/topic_510_flowering-plants-angiosperms-and-gnetophytes/
ANGIOSPERMS - JSIERTANGIOSPERMS - JSIERT
ANGIOSPERMS. Leave a Comment / Chapter 7 DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS / By UP Gupta ... The angiosperms are divided into two groups on the basis of the number of cotyledons present in the seed. ...
https://jsiert.com/cbse/class-9/ncert-class-9/science-ncert-class-9/chapter-7-diversity-in-living-organisms/angiosperms/
Evolution Of Plants | Encyclopedia.com
Angiosperm Evolution. Angiosperms first appear in the fossil record about 130 million years ago, and by 90 million years ago ... Angiosperms. The angiosperms, or flowering plants, are all members of the phylum Anthophyta. There are at least 250,000 species ... Early Angiosperms, Monocots, and Eudicots. The oldest known angiosperms were a diverse group of plants called magnoliids. Some ... A third feature that separates angiosperms from gymnosperms is that angiosperm embryos are protected by an ovary wall, which ...
https://www.encyclopedia.com/plants-and-animals/botany/botany-general/evolution-plants
angiosperms | i-Biologyangiosperms | i-Biology
Tags: 01 Statistical Analysis, angiosperms, animations, biology interactives, cell cycle, life cycles, Meiosis, Mitosis & The ...
https://i-biology.net/tag/angiosperms/
Answer the following questions - Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm | BotanyAnswer the following questions - Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm | Botany
Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm - Book Back and Important Questions Answers - Brief Questions Answers, Short Questions ... 11th Botany : Chapter 4 : Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm. Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm : Introduction - Botany ... Summary of Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm - Botany. Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm: Important Questions - Botany ... Tags : Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm , Botany , 11th Botany : Chapter 4 : Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm ...
https://brainkart.com/article/Answer-the-following-questions_42423/
Rosids - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaRosids - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It includes about 70,000 species,[1] more than a quarter of all angiosperms.[2] ... "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (10 ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosids
Results of search for 'su:{Angiosperms}' › WHO HQ Library catalog
WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants. by World Health Organization , WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants , WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (2nd : 1999 : Ravello-Salerno, Italy) , WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (3rd : 2001 : Ottawa, Ont.) , WHO Consultation on Selected Medicinal Plants (4th : 2005 : Salerno-Paestum, Italy).. Material type: ...
https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BAngiosperms%7D
Angiosperm | CasaBioAngiosperm | CasaBio
Powered by Drupal, Developed byTouchdreams, Founded by David Gwynne-Evans ...
https://casabio.org/taxa/angiosperm?page=7
CladeSpeciesBotanyTaxaMorphologyPhylogeny GroupPollinationDiversificationDiversityEmbryoSeedsBiologyGymnospermCladesSimilarities and differencesLife cycleMagnoliopsidaVascularConiferReproductive organsFruitsTerrestrial2022Gymnosperms and angiospermsBeesFlowering PlantsPollen grainsPrimitiveEarly angiospermsHerbsStructuresFamiliesGroupEarliestEvolutionExamplesClassificationNavigationFlowersReproduceIdentify
Clade3
  • Organelle genomes of Rhazya stricta provide valuable information for improving the understanding of mitochondrial genome evolution among angiosperms and Comparative analyses of mitochondrial genomes of eight sequenced asterids indicates a complicated evolutionary history in this large angiosperm clade. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Here we examine the role of transition rates, differential diversification (speciation minus extinction) and non-equilibrium dynamics on the evolutionary history of angiosperms, a clade well known for the abundance of some trait combinations and the rarity of others. (port.ac.uk)
  • The clade of the plant is angiosperms and monocotyledons. (thegardenhows.com)
Species10
  • They cling on in a world conquered by a quarter of a million angiosperm species - the flowering plants. (newscientist.com)
  • This and other evidence indicates that certain species of early gymnosperms were pollinated by insects millions of years before the angiosperms had originated. (jrank.org)
  • With more than 300,000 species, the angiosperm phylum (Anthophyta) is second only to insects in terms of diversification. (lumenlearning.com)
  • It includes about 70,000 species, [1] more than a quarter of all angiosperms . (wikipedia.org)
  • Nearly 90% of all terrestrial plant species alive today are angiosperms. (questionableevolution.com)
  • Today angiosperms make up about 80% of all plant species on Earth. (biologydictionary.net)
  • But many species of gymnosperms that lived in prehistoric forests are now extinct, having been replaced by angiosperms. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Of the 6,507 species of angiosperms that have been studied, 70 pct are consistently found to be mycorrhizal and 12 pct are optionally (depending on certain conditions) mycorrhizal. (cdc.gov)
  • Angiosperms are a highly diverse group that has fundamentally shaped life on earth since the Cretaceous, and illustrate how species diversification affects ecosystem functioning. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we review the literature on sexual lability in dioecious angiosperm species with well-studied sex chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)
Botany1
Taxa4
  • Using a visualization technique known as synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy -- which allows researchers to examine the internal features of delicate fossils in a non-destructive way -- the researchers analyzed more than 250 mature seeds encompassing roughly 75 angiosperm taxa, some of which had the seed embryo fully preserved. (brightsurf.com)
  • Understand the flower structures of major angiosperm taxa. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The alien flora of Turkey comprises 340 taxa, among which there are 321 angiosperms, 17 gymnosperms and two ferns. (bionomia.net)
  • Carnivorous plants are spread throughout various taxa in angiosperm clades, linked by the botanical carnivory ecological niche. (venomoussnakes.net)
Morphology1
  • Teaching is lecture based, with emphasis on floral morphology and a general discussion of the angiosperm phylogeny in the first term, while the second term is devoted to the observation and analysis of flowers and their characters during weekly practical sessions including guided walks among the RBGE collections. (ed.ac.uk)
Phylogeny Group1
  • The lectures are provided in the context of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1-20, 2016) and give a broad outline of the major clades and the evolution of key characters. (ed.ac.uk)
Pollination9
  • Flowers enabled angiosperms to use insects for pollination, boosting their reproductive success and spurring them on to global dominance. (newscientist.com)
  • It was once widely believed that insect pollination was the driving force in the evolutionary origin of angiosperms. (jrank.org)
  • Once the angiosperms had evolved, insect pollination became an important factor in their evolutionary diversification. (jrank.org)
  • By the late Cretaceous period (about 70 million years ago), the angiosperms had evolved flowers with complex and specific adaptations for pollination by insects and other animals. (jrank.org)
  • Flowers, which are structures that contain the male and female reproductive parts of an angiosperm - and which are often designed to attract insects and other animals that can perform cross-pollination between different plants. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Reproduction takes place via pollination in the springs and when the pollen settles on soil, more types of plants angiosperms grow as a result. (typesof.com)
  • 1.Pollination niches are important components of ecological niches and have played a major role in the diversification of Angiosperms. (bionomia.net)
  • Jessica Rath is fascinated with buzz pollination, a co-adaptation between certain bees and specific angiosperms which require sonication, or vibratory resonance to release pollen from their anthers. (artplantae.com)
  • Some 5% to 6% of all the world's angiosperms require buzz pollination, including commercial greenhouse tomatoes and some native manzanitas. (artplantae.com)
Diversification2
  • The major lineages of Angiosperms are presented with emphasis on major events of evolution and diversification. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The rise of angiosperms prompted the evolution of modern epifoliar fungi and the diversification of orders of Angiospermae fostered the formation of epifoliar fungal genera. (jse.ac.cn)
Diversity5
  • The evolution of angiosperms is reflected in the study of their floral diversity. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The study of angiosperm diversity involves the sampling and observation of diverse living floral material grown at RBGE. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The availability of living study material involves the study of plants as an entity and students are encouraged to explore these living resource, and record their observations by drawing half-flowers including floral diagrams and floral formulae, as an effective way to become acquainted with the diversity of angiosperm families. (ed.ac.uk)
  • In this study on herbariomics, we used this targeted sequencing approach and the Angiosperms353 universal probe set to recover up to 351 nuclear genes from 435 herbarium specimens that are up to 204 years old and span the breadth of angiosperm diversity. (bl.uk)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Diversity, Utility, Analytical Methods and Use Implications of Aroma-active Compounds from Select Angiosperm Familie. (who.int)
Embryo2
  • However, the embryo to seed ratio in the fossil seeds is much smaller than in seeds of most living angiosperms and an order of magnitude smaller than has been hypothesized for the ancestral angiosperm embryo based on studies of living plants. (brightsurf.com)
  • However, the tiny embryo size and modest nutrient reserves would also have been a constraint on the rapidity with which these early angiosperms could have germinated in response to short-lived moisture availability. (brightsurf.com)
Seeds11
  • Seed dormancy would have ensured that the seeds of early angiosperms could survive until conditions for germination and seedling establishment were favorable, Friis said. (brightsurf.com)
  • Roses therefore fall under the angiosperm classification, since they protect their seeds within a fruit, or in this case, two fruits. (sfgate.com)
  • Plants that reproduce themselves by creating seeds that grow inside of an ovule are called angiosperms. (sfgate.com)
  • Gymnosperms, in contrast to angiosperms, produce seeds that are not enclosed inside a fruit. (sfgate.com)
  • Although roses belong to the angiosperm group and reproduce naturally by means of seeds, human beings have cultivated the plants for many years and reproduce them using other methods. (sfgate.com)
  • Angiosperm plants produce seeds encased in "fruits," which include the fruits that you eat, but which also includes plants you might not think of as fruits, such as maple seeds, acorns, beans, wheat, rice, and corn. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Angiosperms also began to encase their seeds in fruits, which both provided extra nourishment and protection for their offspring plants, and created new ways to cooperate with animals. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Angiosperms are those types of plants that bear seeds and there are many types of plants angiosperms have produced today. (typesof.com)
  • Oranges, apples and bananas are all types of plants angiosperms and the seeds in these cases are related to the kind of fruits that grow as a result of reproduction and they could also directly promote germination. (typesof.com)
  • 5. Gymnosperm Sample 10: Angiosperm Common Feature Nutrition How does the, Gymnosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants, such as cycads, ginkgo, yews and conifers, in which the ovules or seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. (aflockinthecity.com)
  • Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate seeds. (eslbuzz.com)
Biology1
  • Dr. Maheshwari's book, 'An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms', published in 1950, is considered as a classic and is one of the most quoted biology texts. (studymateriall.com)
Gymnosperm3
  • Is a Rose a Gymnosperm or an Angiosperm? (sfgate.com)
  • This means that angiosperm male reproductive cells can reach female eggs faster and with higher success rates than gymnosperm reproductive cells. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Angiosperm vs. Gymnosperm. (aflockinthecity.com)
Clades1
  • Here, we synthesised data from 152 studies that used state-dependent speciation and extinction (SSE) models on angiosperm clades. (bvsalud.org)
Similarities and differences1
  • Describe the similarities and differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms. (myessaydesk.com)
Life cycle1
  • These observations have given us critical insights into the early part of the life cycle of early angiosperms, which is important for understanding the ecology of flowering plants during their emergence and dramatic radiation through the Early Cretaceous. (brightsurf.com)
Magnoliopsida1
  • Las angiospermas se dividen en dos clases: las monocotiledóneas (Liliopsida) y las dicotiledóneas (Magnoliopsida). (bvsalud.org)
Vascular2
  • Are angiosperms vascular or nonvascular? (iuee.eu)
  • Angiosperms are also known as flowering plants, and they are vascular. (iuee.eu)
Conifer1
  • Flowerless gymnosperms, such as conifer and ginkgo, ruled the Jurassic world before their flowering rivals, the angiosperms, became dominant. (newscientist.com)
Reproductive organs2
  • Flowers are actually one of the reproductive organs of angiosperms. (typesof.com)
  • In angiosperms, the flowers contain the reproductive organs. (mysqlpreacher.com)
Fruits3
  • The success of angiosperms is due to two novel reproductive structures: flowers and fruits. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Certain types of plants angiosperms produce can produce fruits as well. (typesof.com)
  • Flowers and fruits are all products of angiosperms of different types and sorts. (typesof.com)
Terrestrial2
  • From their humble and still obscure beginning during the early Jurassic period, the angiosperms-or flowering plants-have evolved to dominate most terrestrial ecosystems ( (Figure) ). (lumenlearning.com)
  • Viola liliputana - one of the smallest terrestrial angiosperms discovered - newly published by Hugh Iltis and Harvey Ballard. (wiswoodswater.com)
20221
  • Unravelling evolutionary relationships between epifoliar Meliolaceae and angiosperms[J]. J Syst Evol, 2022, 60(1): 23-42. (jse.ac.cn)
Gymnosperms and angiosperms1
  • Numerous MADS-box proteins have been identified from green algae, moss, gymnosperms and angiosperms [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bees1
  • This process of cooperation, whereby animals like bees pollinate flowers in exchange for nectar, made angiosperms more reproductively successful. (biologydictionary.net)
Flowering Plants12
  • Angiosperms, or flowering plants, diversified during the Early Cretaceous, about 100 to 130 million years ago. (brightsurf.com)
  • Angiosperms come in an enormous variety of shapes and sizes, from flowering plants less than 1 inch long to trees that grow to 100 feet high. (sfgate.com)
  • "Flowering plants: angiosperms and gnetophytes" is unavailable while its content is being edited or updated. (mapoflife.org)
  • But the advent of the flowering plants, or "angiosperms", has changed the world profoundly, including allowing those magnificent human brains to evolve in the first place. (questionableevolution.com)
  • Angiosperms are also known as "flowering plants" because flowers are a characteristic part of their reproductive structure - though again, you may not always recognize their flowers as the pretty, colorful petaled things you think of when you hear the word. (biologydictionary.net)
  • This is a a utmost ebook The Dawn Angiosperms: Uncovering the Origin of Flowering Plants 2010 Organization developed to bind words in college of day and respected as academic coursework. (hup-immobilien.de)
  • secure JE, Coffey MC, Tang D, Sabinin ebook The Dawn Angiosperms: Uncovering the Origin of Flowering Plants, Lee PWK. (hup-immobilien.de)
  • ebook The Dawn Angiosperms: Uncovering the Origin of Flowering Plants 2010: you will make our anything world Terms and bank touch. (hup-immobilien.de)
  • A separate ebook The Dawn Angiosperms: Uncovering the Origin of Flowering Plants of card of blessing columns in the insured percent technology. (hup-immobilien.de)
  • Numerous flowering plants are certain types of plants angiosperms have produced. (typesof.com)
  • go to a forest or a jungle and any flowering plants that you see will be the offspring of an angiosperm. (typesof.com)
  • The angiosperms, or flowering plants This arrangement is easily seen by slicing into a tomato, for example. (aflockinthecity.com)
Pollen grains1
  • Stamens, which produce the pollen grains that act like sperm for angiosperm plants. (biologydictionary.net)
Primitive2
  • The putatively primitive angiosperms are without vessels and evolved from a condition in which only tracheids were present to one in which a series of long vessel elements had scalariform lateral walls and highly inclined end walls with many scalariform perforations, to short vessel elements with circular bordered pits in lateral walls and simple perforation plates in horizontal end walls. (britannica.com)
  • The notion of magnoliaceans as the most primitive living angiosperms , justified or not, does not mean that all their characters, including multilacunar nodal anatomy and the lack of tannins, are primary. (definify.com)
Early angiosperms2
  • This is important because it suggests that while early angiosperms may have had many characteristics of modern weedy early colonizers, they would have been unable to match the very rapid germination of the many different kinds of angiosperm herbs that evolved later and that ultimately proved even more effective in exploiting ephemeral ecological opportunities," Friis said. (brightsurf.com)
  • Added Crane: "This is the first time that we have had direct fossil evidence of the embryos of early angiosperms and how they compare with those of living plants. (brightsurf.com)
Herbs1
  • Having arisen sometime around the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous era (150-190 million years ago), angiosperms come in every form from delicate little herbs to vines and shrubs, to towering rainforest canopy trees. (questionableevolution.com)
Structures1
  • Scientists define angiosperms as plants that have several unique anatomical structures. (biologydictionary.net)
Families4
  • The Biodiversity of Angiosperms course explores the major features of Angiosperm families to enable the understanding of their phylogenetic relationships and evolution as well as their identification. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Identify the major angiosperm families based on floral and vegetative characters. (ed.ac.uk)
  • His research group investigated over 100 families of angiosperms and some gymnosperms in the country. (studymateriall.com)
  • We also detected taxonomic bias in targeted sequencing outcomes for the 10 most numerous angiosperm families that were investigated in depth. (bl.uk)
Group2
  • Gymnosperms are not as diverse as angiosperms, and trees account for the majority of the group. (sfgate.com)
  • Gymnosperms are undoubtedly the group from which the angiosperms developed, Examples and Uses: Bryophyta. (aflockinthecity.com)
Earliest1
  • Based on evidence from living and fossil plants, the earliest angiosperms are usually thought to have had small stature. (brightsurf.com)
Evolution2
  • The purpose of the course is to explain the origin, evolution and special features of the angiosperms to enable the understanding of the relationships of major groups of plants. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Further to this, the evolution of the angiosperms is approached from a floral structural perspective. (ed.ac.uk)
Examples1
  • Angiosperm: Angiosperm, any of Examples of this variability include the succulent cacti arose from among this diverse array of complex gymnosperms. (aflockinthecity.com)
Classification1
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Website ( APWebsite ou site APWeb ) est un site important de recherche sur la classification phylogénétique des angiospermes mais aussi des conifères . (wikiwand.com)
Navigation1
  • For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for Angiosperm Phylogeny Website . (wikiwand.com)
Flowers3
  • Angiosperms' use of flowers to reproduce made them more reproductively successful. (biologydictionary.net)
  • While gymnosperms relied primarily on the wind to achieve sexual reproduction by transferring pollen - which contain the male reproductive cells for plants - into the ovaries of female plants, angiosperms used sweet-smelling, brightly-colored flowers and sugary nectar to attract insets and other animals. (biologydictionary.net)
  • Basically any seed-bearing plant is angiosperm and since there are so many types of flowers and plants, there are also many types of angiosperms. (typesof.com)
Reproduce1
  • Some angiosperms can fertilize their ovaries with their own pollen, or can reproduce without being fertilized at all. (biologydictionary.net)
Identify1
  • With all these features, it is pretty easy for one to identify an angiosperm . (definify.com)