Angioplasty, Balloon: Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary: Dilation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore myocardial blood supply.Angioplasty, Balloon, Laser-Assisted: Techniques using laser energy in combination with a balloon catheter to perform angioplasty. These procedures can take several forms including: 1, laser fiber delivering the energy while the inflated balloon centers the fiber and occludes the blood flow; 2, balloon angioplasty immediately following laser angioplasty; or 3, laser energy transmitted through angioplasty balloons that contain an internal fiber.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Coronary Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.Coronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Angioplasty: Reconstruction or repair of a blood vessel, which includes the widening of a pathological narrowing of an artery or vein by the removal of atheromatous plaque material and/or the endothelial lining as well, or by dilatation (BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY) to compress an ATHEROMA. Except for ENDARTERECTOMY, usually these procedures are performed via catheterization as minimally invasive ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Coronary Artery Disease: Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.Coronary Circulation: The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.Coronary Artery Bypass: Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.Stents: Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.Coronary Stenosis: Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.Angioplasty, Laser: A technique utilizing a laser coupled to a catheter which is used in the dilatation of occluded blood vessels. This includes laser thermal angioplasty where the laser energy heats up a metal tip, and direct laser angioplasty where the laser energy directly ablates the occlusion. One form of the latter approach uses an EXCIMER LASER which creates microscopically precise cuts without thermal injury. When laser angioplasty is performed in combination with balloon angioplasty it is called laser-assisted balloon angioplasty (ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, LASER-ASSISTED).Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Balloon Occlusion: Use of a balloon CATHETER to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Constriction, Pathologic: The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping: Counterpulsation in which a pumping unit synchronized with the patient's electrocardiogram rapidly fills a balloon in the aorta with helium or carbon dioxide in early diastole and evacuates the balloon at the onset of systole. As the balloon inflates, it raises aortic diastolic pressure, and as it deflates, it lowers aortic systolic pressure. The result is a decrease in left ventricular work and increased myocardial and peripheral perfusion.Coronary Restenosis: Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.Coronary Thrombosis: Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Coronary Vasospasm: Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Coronary Aneurysm: Abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of CORONARY VESSELS. Most coronary aneurysms are due to CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS, and the rest are due to inflammatory diseases, such as KAWASAKI DISEASE.Gastric Balloon: An inflatable device implanted in the stomach as an adjunct to therapy of morbid obesity. Specific types include the silicone Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubble (GEGB), approved by the FDA in 1985, and the Ballobes Balloon.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Iliac Artery: Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.Vascular Patency: The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.Tunica Intima: The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.Coronary Occlusion: Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.Femoral Artery: The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.Arterial Occlusive Diseases: Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Graft Occlusion, Vascular: Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.Ultrasonography, Interventional: The use of ultrasound to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures such as needle ASPIRATION BIOPSY; DRAINAGE; etc. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.Atherectomy, Coronary: Percutaneous transluminal procedure for removing atheromatous plaque from the coronary arteries. Both directional (for removing focal atheromas) and rotational (for removing concentric atheromatous plaque) atherectomy devices have been used.Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A family of percutaneous techniques that are used to manage CORONARY OCCLUSION, including standard balloon angioplasty (PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY), the placement of intracoronary STENTS, and atheroablative technologies (e.g., ATHERECTOMY; ENDARTERECTOMY; THROMBECTOMY; PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL LASER ANGIOPLASTY). PTCA was the dominant form of PCI, before the widespread use of stenting.Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.Cardiac Catheterization: Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).Angina, Unstable: Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors: Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.Myocardial Revascularization: The restoration of blood supply to the myocardium. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Coronary Care Units: The hospital unit in which patients with acute cardiac disorders receive intensive care.Aortic Coarctation: A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.Thrombolytic Therapy: Use of infusions of FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts.Carotid Artery Injuries: Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)Popliteal Artery: The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.Balloon Valvuloplasty: Widening of a stenosed HEART VALVE by the insertion of a balloon CATHETER into the valve and inflation of the balloon.Retreatment: The therapy of the same disease in a patient, with the same agent or procedure repeated after initial treatment, or with an additional or alternate measure or follow-up. It does not include therapy which requires more than one administration of a therapeutic agent or regimen. Retreatment is often used with reference to a different modality when the original one was inadequate, harmful, or unsuccessful.Collateral Circulation: Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Myocardial Reperfusion: Generally, restoration of blood supply to heart tissue which is ischemic due to decrease in normal blood supply. The decrease may result from any source including atherosclerotic obstruction, narrowing of the artery, or surgical clamping. Reperfusion can be induced to treat ischemia. Methods include chemical dissolution of an occluding thrombus, administration of vasodilator drugs, angioplasty, catheterization, and artery bypass graft surgery. However, it is thought that reperfusion can itself further damage the ischemic tissue, causing MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.Blood Flow Velocity: A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.Beta Particles: High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus.Atherectomy: Endovascular procedure in which atheromatous plaque is excised by a cutting or rotating catheter. It differs from balloon and laser angioplasty procedures which enlarge vessels by dilation but frequently do not remove much plaque. If the plaque is removed by surgical excision under general anesthesia rather than by an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called ENDARTERECTOMY.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Angina Pectoris: The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.Feasibility Studies: Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.Carotid Arteries: Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Calcinosis: Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.Pulmonary Valve Stenosis: The pathologic narrowing of the orifice of the PULMONARY VALVE. This lesion restricts blood outflow from the RIGHT VENTRICLE to the PULMONARY ARTERY. When the trileaflet valve is fused into an imperforate membrane, the blockage is complete.Ischemia: A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.Angioscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery performed on the interior of blood vessels.Carotid Stenosis: Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Saphenous Vein: The vein which drains the foot and leg.Thrombosis: Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.Renal Artery Obstruction: Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump: Coronary artery bypass surgery on a beating HEART without a CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS (diverting the flow of blood from the heart and lungs through an oxygenator).Cineangiography: Motion pictures of the passage of contrast medium through blood vessels.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Reoperation: A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.Endothelium, Vascular: Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.Ventricular Function, Left: The hemodynamic and electrophysiological action of the left HEART VENTRICLE. Its measurement is an important aspect of the clinical evaluation of patients with heart disease to determine the effects of the disease on cardiac performance.Fibrinolytic Agents: Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to FIBRINOLYSIN.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Hospital Mortality: A vital statistic measuring or recording the rate of death from any cause in hospitalized populations.Chest Pain: Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.Vasodilation: The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Swine, Miniature: Genetically developed small pigs for use in biomedical research. There are several strains - Yucatan miniature, Sinclair miniature, and Minnesota miniature.Heparin: A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.Peripheral Vascular Diseases: Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments: Univalent antigen-binding fragments composed of one entire IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN and the amino terminal end of one of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS from the hinge region, linked to each other by disulfide bonds. Fab contains the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS, which are part of the antigen-binding site, and the first IMMUNOGLOBULIN CONSTANT REGIONS. This fragment can be obtained by digestion of immunoglobulins with the proteolytic enzyme PAPAIN.Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Intermittent Claudication: A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.Dilatation: The act of dilating.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Radial Artery: The direct continuation of the brachial trunk, originating at the bifurcation of the brachial artery opposite the neck of the radius. Its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to the three regions in which the vessel is situated, the forearm, wrist, and hand.Embolism: Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.Catheters: A flexible, tubular device that is used to carry fluids into or from a blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity.Leg: The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation: Surgical insertion of BLOOD VESSEL PROSTHESES to repair injured or diseased blood vessels.Arteries: The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.Neointima: The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Mitral Valve Stenosis: Narrowing of the passage through the MITRAL VALVE due to FIBROSIS, and CALCINOSIS in the leaflets and chordal areas. This elevates the left atrial pressure which, in turn, raises pulmonary venous and capillary pressure leading to bouts of DYSPNEA and TACHYCARDIA during physical exertion. RHEUMATIC FEVER is its primary cause.Stroke Volume: The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.Anticoagulants: Agents that prevent clotting.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.Hirudin Therapy: Use of HIRUDINS as an anticoagulant in the treatment of cardiological and hematological disorders.Treatment Failure: A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.Shock, Cardiogenic: Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.Alloys: A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions.Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.Vascular Access Devices: Devices to be inserted into veins or arteries for the purpose of carrying fluids into or from a peripheral or central vascular location. They may include component parts such as catheters, ports, reservoirs, and valves. They may be left in place temporarily for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Endarterectomy, Carotid: The excision of the thickened, atheromatous tunica intima of a carotid artery.Intracranial Arteriosclerosis: Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.Thrombectomy: Surgical removal of an obstructing clot or foreign material from a blood vessel at the point of its formation. Removal of a clot arising from a distant site is called EMBOLECTOMY.Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.Cineradiography: Motion picture study of successive images appearing on a fluoroscopic screen.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex: Platelet membrane glycoprotein complex important for platelet adhesion and aggregation. It is an integrin complex containing INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB and INTEGRIN BETA3 which recognizes the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence present on several adhesive proteins. As such, it is a receptor for FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; FIBRONECTIN; VITRONECTIN; and THROMBOSPONDINS. A deficiency of GPIIb-IIIa results in GLANZMANN THROMBASTHENIA.Prosthesis Design: The plan and delineation of prostheses in general or a specific prosthesis.Contrast Media: Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.Diabetic Angiopathies: VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon: A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.Cardiac Catheters: Catheters inserted into various locations within the heart for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex: Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Patient Selection: Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.Hemorrhage: Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Microcirculation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.Intraoperative Complications: Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.Limb Salvage: An alternative to amputation in patients with neoplasms, ischemia, fractures, and other limb-threatening conditions. Generally, sophisticated surgical procedures such as vascular surgery and reconstruction are used to salvage diseased limbs.Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical: Surgical shunt allowing direct passage of blood from an artery to a vein. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Hypertension, Renovascular: Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.Coated Materials, Biocompatible: Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.Blood Vessel Prosthesis: Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.Fibromuscular Dysplasia: An idiopathic, segmental, nonatheromatous disease of the musculature of arterial walls, leading to STENOSIS of small and medium-sized arteries. There is true proliferation of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS and fibrous tissue. Fibromuscular dysplasia lesions are smooth stenosis and occur most often in the renal and carotid arteries. They may also occur in other peripheral arteries of the extremity.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Brachytherapy: A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues.Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic: Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Vascular Resistance: The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.Emergencies: Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.Vasoconstriction: The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.Vascular Surgical Procedures: Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.Hirudins: Single-chain polypeptides of about 65 amino acids (7 kDa) from LEECHES that have a neutral hydrophobic N terminus, an acidic hydrophilic C terminus, and a compact, hydrophobic core region. Recombinant hirudins lack tyr-63 sulfation and are referred to as 'desulfato-hirudins'. They form a stable non-covalent complex with ALPHA-THROMBIN, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave FIBRINOGEN.Carotid Artery, Internal: Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose.Plaque, Atherosclerotic: Lesions formed within the walls of ARTERIES.Amputation: The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)Pressure: A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Lower Extremity: The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.Mammary Arteries: Arteries originating from the subclavian or axillary arteries and distributing to the anterior thoracic wall, mediastinal structures, diaphragm, pectoral muscles and mammary gland.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial: The ratio of maximum blood flow to the MYOCARDIUM with CORONARY STENOSIS present, to the maximum equivalent blood flow without stenosis. The measurement is commonly used to verify borderline stenosis of CORONARY ARTERIES.Hypercholesterolemia: A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.Myocardial Contraction: Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.Aorta: The main trunk of the systemic arteries.Life Tables: Summarizing techniques used to describe the pattern of mortality and survival in populations. These methods can be applied to the study not only of death, but also of any defined endpoint such as the onset of disease or the occurrence of disease complications.Aortic Valve Stenosis: A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.Diabetes Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.Postoperative Period: The period following a surgical operation.Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.Stroke: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)Hyperemia: The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).Subclavian Steal Syndrome: A clinically significant reduction in blood supply to the BRAIN STEM and CEREBELLUM (i.e., VERTEBROBASILAR INSUFFICIENCY) resulting from reversal of blood flow through the VERTEBRAL ARTERY from occlusion or stenosis of the proximal subclavian or brachiocephalic artery. Common symptoms include VERTIGO; SYNCOPE; and INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION of the involved upper extremity. Subclavian steal may also occur in asymptomatic individuals. (From J Cardiovasc Surg 1994;35(1):11-4; Acta Neurol Scand 1994;90(3):174-8)Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Injections, Intra-Arterial: Delivery of drugs into an artery.Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.Angiography, Digital Subtraction: A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.Endarterectomy: Surgical excision, performed under general anesthesia, of the atheromatous tunica intima of an artery. When reconstruction of an artery is performed as an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called ATHERECTOMY.Thallium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of thallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Tl atoms with atomic weights 198-202, 204, and 206-210 are thallium radioisotopes.Radiography, Interventional: Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that are invasive or surgical in nature, and require the expertise of a specially trained radiologist. In general, they are more invasive than diagnostic imaging but less invasive than major surgery. They often involve catheterization, fluoroscopy, or computed tomography. Some examples include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy, balloon angioplasty, and arterial embolization.Balloon Embolectomy: The use of balloon CATHETERS to remove emboli by retraction of the balloon that is inflated behind the EMBOLUS.Subclavian Artery: Artery arising from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side and from the arch of the aorta on the left side. It distributes to the neck, thoracic wall, spinal cord, brain, meninges, and upper limb.Renal Artery: A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: Damage to the MYOCARDIUM resulting from MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION (restoration of blood flow to ischemic areas of the HEART.) Reperfusion takes place when there is spontaneous thrombolysis, THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY, collateral flow from other coronary vascular beds, or reversal of vasospasm.
Geographic, demographic, and socioeconomic variations in the investigation and management of coronary heart disease in Scotland. (1/6088)
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether age, sex, level of deprivation, and area of residence affect the likelihood of investigation and treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: Routine discharge data were used to identify patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 1991 and 1993 inclusive. Record linkage provided the proportion undergoing angiography, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) over the following two years. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether age, sex, deprivation, and area of residence were independently associated with progression to investigation and revascularisation. SETTING: Mainland Scotland 1991 to 1995 inclusive. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two year incidence of angiography, PTCA, and CABG. Results-36 838 patients were admitted with AMI. 4831 (13%) underwent angiography, 587 (2%) PTCA, and 1825 (5%) CABG. Women were significantly less likely to undergo angiography (p < 0.001) and CABG (p < 0.001) but more likely to undergo PTCA (p < 0.05). Older patients were less likely to undergo all three procedures (p < 0.001). Socioeconomic deprivation was associated with a reduced likelihood of both angiography and CABG (p < 0.001). There were significant geographic variations in all three modalities (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Variations in investigation and management were demonstrated by age, sex, geography, and socioeconomic deprivation. These are unlikely to be accounted for by differences in need; differences in clinical practice are, therefore, likely. (+info)Usefulness of fractional flow reserve to predict clinical outcome after balloon angioplasty. (2/6088)
BACKGROUND: After regular coronary balloon angioplasty, it would be helpful to identify those patients who have a low cardiac event rate. Coronary angiography alone is not sensitive enough for that purpose, but it has been suggested that the combination of optimal angiographic and optimal functional results indicates a low restenosis chance. Pressure-derived myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an index of the functional severity of the residual epicardial lesion and could be useful for that purpose. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 60 consecutive patients with single-vessel disease, balloon angioplasty was performed by use of a pressure instead of a regular guide wire. Both quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and measurement of FFR were performed 15 minutes after the procedure. A successful angioplasty result, defined as a residual diameter stenosis (DS) <50%, was achieved in 58 patients. In these patients, DS and FFR, measured 15 minutes after PTCA, were analyzed in relation to clinical outcome. In those 26 patients with both optimal angiographic (residual DS by QCA /=0.90) results, event-free survival rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 92+/-5%, 92+/-5%, and 88+/-6%, respectively, versus 72+/-8%, 69+/-8%, and 59+/-9%, respectively, in the remaining 32 patients in whom the angiographic or functional result or both were suboptimal (P=0.047, P=0.028, and P=0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a residual DS /=0.90, clinical outcome up to 2 years is excellent. Therefore, there is a complementary value of coronary angiography and coronary pressure measurement in the evaluation of PTCA result. (+info)Coronary angioplasty induces rise in Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific antibodies. (3/6088)
Chlamydia pneumoniae is frequently found in atherosclerotic lesions, and high titers of specific antibodies are associated with increased risk for acute myocardial infarction. However, a causative relation has not been established yet. We performed a prospective study of 93 patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to investigate whether angioplasty influences Chlamydia-specific antibody titers and whether there is an association with restenosis. Blood samples were obtained before and 1 and 6 months after angioplasty. Antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide and against purified C. pneumoniae elementary bodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After angioplasty, the prevalence of antibodies to lipopolysaccharide rose from 20 to 26% for immunoglobulin A (IgA), from 53 to 64% for IgG, and from 2 to 7% for IgM (P = 0.021, 0.004, and 0.046, respectively). There was a rapid increase of mean antibody titers of all antibody classes within 1 month of PTCA. During the following 5 months, antibody titers decreased slightly but were still higher than baseline values. Results of the C. pneumoniae-specific ELISA were essentially the same. The rise of anti-Chlamydia antibodies was not caused by unspecific reactivation of the immune system, as levels of antibodies against cytomegalovirus did not change. Neither seropositivity nor antibody titers were related to restenosis. However, increases in mean IgA and IgM titers were restricted to patients who had suffered from myocardial infarction earlier in their lives. In conclusion, we show that PTCA induces a stimulation of the humoral immune response against C. pneumoniae. These data support the idea that plaque disruption during angioplasty might make hidden chlamydial antigens accessible to the immune system. (+info)A randomized placebo-controlled trial of fluvastatin for prevention of restenosis after successful coronary balloon angioplasty; final results of the fluvastatin angiographic restenosis (FLARE) trial. (4/6088)
BACKGROUND: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors competitively inhibit biosynthesis of mevalonate, a precursor of non-sterol compounds involved in cell proliferation. Experimental evidence suggests that fluvastatin may, independent of any lipid lowering action, exert a greater direct inhibitory effect on proliferating vascular myocytes than other statins. The FLARE (Fluvastatin Angioplasty Restenosis) Trial was conceived to evaluate the ability of fluvastatin 40 mg twice daily to reduce restenosis after successful coronary balloon angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS: Patients were randomized to either placebo or fluvastatin 40 mg twice daily beginning 2-4 weeks prior to planned PTCA and continuing after a successful PTCA (without the use of a stent), to follow-up angiography at 26+/-2 weeks. Clinical follow-up was completed at 40 weeks. The primary end-point was angiographic restenosis, measured by quantitative coronary angiography at a core laboratory, as the loss in minimal luminal diameter during follow-up. Clinical end-points were death, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery or re-intervention, up to 40 weeks after PTCA. RESULTS: Of 1054 patients randomized, 526 were allocated to fluvastatin and 528 to placebo. Among these, 409 in the fluvastatin group and 427 in the placebo group were included in the intention-to-treat analysis, having undergone a successful PTCA after a minimum of 2 weeks of pre-treatment. At the time of PTCA, fluvastatin had reduced LDL cholesterol by 37% and this was maintained at 33% at 26 weeks. There was no difference in the primary end-point between the treatment groups (fluvastatin 0.23+/-0.49 mm vs placebo 0.23+/-0.52 mm, P=0.95) or in the angiographic restenosis rate (fluvastatin 28%, placebo 31%, chi-square P=0.42), or in the incidence of the composite clinical end-point at 40 weeks (22.4% vs 23.3%; logrank P=0.74). However, a significantly lower incidence of total death and myocardial infarction was observed in six patients (1.4%) in the fluvastatin group and 17 (4.0%) in the placebo group (log rank P=0.025). CONCLUSION: Treatment with fluvastatin 80 mg daily did not affect the process of restenosis and is therefore not indicated for this purpose. However, the observed reduction in mortality and myocardial infarction 40 weeks after PTCA in the fluvastatin treated group has not been previously reported with statin therapy. Accordingly, a priori investigation of this finding is indicated and a new clinical trial with this intention is already underway. (+info)Prior cytomegalovirus infection and the risk of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary balloon angioplasty. (5/6088)
BACKGROUND: Restenosis is a common problem after all revascularization procedures in atherosclerotic coronary arteries. Reactivated human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been detected in tissues of restenotic vascular lesions and was hypothesized to be a contributing pathogenic factor. Recent data suggest an association of restenosis after optimal coronary atherectomy with CMV serostatus, and a possible role of antiviral therapy was discussed. We therefore tested the hypothesis that prior CMV infection might be a risk factor for restenosis after conventional coronary balloon angioplasty (PTCA). METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed 92 consecutive patients who had been admitted for control angiography after previous PTCA within a mean interval of 6 months. Anti-CMV antibodies were measured as an indicator of prior CMV infection and latency. The coronary angiograms before PTCA, directly after, and 6 months later were analyzed quantitatively. Sixty-five percent of the patients were CMV-positive. Before PTCA, the degree (mean+/-SD) of stenosis was 69+/-10% in CMV-positive and 68+/-8.3% in CMV-negative subjects. PTCA resulted in a residual stenosis of 39% in both groups. After 6 months, the late losses of luminal diameter in the CMV-positive and -negative groups were 11+/-13% and 12+/-15%, respectively (P=0.658). In an ANCOVA with 25 potential risk factors for restenosis, CMV serostatus was not significantly associated with restenosis development. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that prior CMV infection, in contrast to optimal atherectomy, is not associated with chronic restenosis after conventional coronary balloon angioplasty. The results do not support a possible benefit from antiviral therapy. (+info)Validation of an automated technique for determining the mechanical characteristics of coronary arteries during balloon angioplasty: laboratory assessment with necropsy segments. (6/6088)
OBJECTIVES: To develop a technique for automatic inflation of a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon, with continuous measurement of the balloon pressure and volume; to validate the technique for determining the mechanical characteristics of coronary arteries. METHODS: During necropsy examination of the hearts of nine patients, 17 coronary artery samples were obtained for histological examination. A PTCA balloon was inserted into each artery, and the balloon pressure and volume were measured continuously during four repeat automatic inflations of the balloon. RESULTS: Of the 17 arteries, eight showed elastic, six plastic, and three fracture pressure-volume deformation characteristics. For the plastic deformations, the first inflation required a higher pressure than subsequent repeat inflations of 82 (61) kPa (mean (SD), range 25 to 175 kPa). For the three in the fracture group, the pressure drop because of the fracture occurred between 210 and 540 kPa. Two of these three showed a tear on visual inspection, and the other showed disruption of the intimal plaque on blinded histological examination. Of the six with plastic deformation characteristics alone, one showed a tear, and on histological examination two others showed splitting of the internal and external elastic lamina and one showed separation of intima and media. None in the elastic group showed any of these characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Plastic and fracture deformation characteristics could be differentiated from elastic characteristics. Visual or histological evidence of fracturing was present in all three arteries identified during angioplasty as having pressure-volume fracture characteristics. (+info)Primary angioplasty versus systemic thrombolysis in anterior myocardial infarction. (7/6088)
OBJECTIVES: This study compares the efficacy of primary angioplasty and systemic thrombolysis with t-PA in reducing the in-hospital mortality of patients with anterior AMI. BACKGROUND: Controversy still exists about the relative benefit of primary angioplasty over thrombolysis as treatment for AMI. METHODS: Two-hundred and twenty patients with anterior AMI were randomly assigned in our institution to primary angioplasty (109 patients) or systemic thrombolysis with accelerated t-PA (111 patients) within the first five hours from the onset of symptoms. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Primary angioplasty was independently associated with a lower in-hospital mortality (2.8% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.02, adjusted odds ratio 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.85). During hospitalization, patients treated by angioplasty had a lower frequency of postinfarction angina or positive stress test (11.9% vs. 25.2%, p = 0.01) and less frequently underwent percutaneous or surgical revascularization after the initial treatment (22.0% vs. 47.7%, p < 0.001) than did patients treated by t-PA. At six month follow-up, patients treated by angioplasty had a lower cumulative rate of death (4.6% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.05) and revascularization (31.2% vs. 55.9%, p < 0.001) than those treated by t-PA. CONCLUSIONS: In centers with an experienced and readily available interventional team, primary angioplasty is superior to t-PA for the treatment of anterior AMI. (+info)Long-term outcome after primary angioplasty: report from the primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction (PAMI-I) trial. (8/6088)
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the two-year outcome after primary percutaneous coronary angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND: Primary angioplasty, that is, angioplasty without antecedent thrombolytic therapy, has been shown to be an effective reperfusion modality for patients suffering an acute myocardial infarction. This report reviews the two-year clinical outcome of patients randomized in the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction trial. METHODS: At 12 clinical centers, 395 patients who presented within 12 h of the onset of myocardial infarction were randomized to undergo primary angioplasty (195 patients) or to receive tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) (200 patients) followed by conservative care. Patients were followed by physician visits, phone call, letter and review of hospital records for any hospital admission at one month, six months, one year and two years. RESULTS: At two years, patients undergoing primary angioplasty had less recurrent ischemia (36.4% vs. 48% for t-PA, p = 0.026), lower reintervention rates (27.2% vs. 46.5% for t-PA, p < 0.0001) and reduced hospital readmission rates (58.5% vs. 69.0% for t-PA, p = 0.035). The combined end point of death or reinfarction was 14.9% for angioplasty versus 23% for t-PA, p = 0.034. Multivariate analysis found angioplasty to be independently predictive of a reduction in death, reinfarction or target vessel revascularization (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The initial benefit of primary angioplasty performed by experienced operators is maintained over a two-year follow-up period with improved infarct-free survival and reduced rate of reintervention. (+info)500,000 balloon angioplasty/stent/coronary procedures; 1M coronary catheterizations Recent successes in acute stroke care are ... The Scanning Fiber Endoscope (SFE) is a next generation technology that uses a flexible, small (< 6Fr) peripheral or coronary ... in 2010 there were 4.5M procedures for viewing the coronary artery, including 454,000 stent replacements; ...
"Percutaneous Balloon Coronary Angioplasty vs. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Presented Oklahoma State Medical Association. ... "Early Coronary Artery Bypass after Non-intramural Myocardial Infarction." Presented at OSIM-ACP Annual Meeting, 1977. ... "Complications Following Use of Intra-aortic Balloon Cardiac-assist Device." Presented Oklahoma State Medical Association. ...
These distribution agreements are related to coronary stents and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon ... These strategic agreements will add new percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) balloon catheters, manufactured ... PTCA balloon catheters play a key role in the treatment of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In ... 1980s Cordis launches a full line of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) guiding catheters. 1990s Cordis ...
The stent is inserted into the artery via a balloon angioplasty. This will dilate the diameter of the coronary artery and keep ... Drug-eluting stents (DES) are used by interventional cardiologists, operating on patients with coronary artery disease. ... to prevent the occurrence of coronary artery restenosis. The first application of this approach for use on stents evolved from ... Analysis of a phosphorylcholine-based polymer coating on a coronary stent pre- and post-implantation, Biomaterials 23 (2002), ...
During a balloon angioplasty, the stent is inserted into the artery to provide a "scaffold" to open the artery. An anti- ... "CYPHER™ Sirolimus-eluting Coronary Stent - P020026". FDA.gov. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 1 Aug 2016. "J&J to ... Cypher is a brand of drug-eluting coronary stent from Cordis Corporation, a Johnson & Johnson company. ...
Mary's becomes the first hospital in the U.S. to perform the balloon angioplasty procedure. ... 1971 The first coronary bypass surgery at St. Mary's is performed. St. Mary's breaks ground for the current hospital facility. ... balloon angioplasties and other procedures. 1980 The Sports Medicine Center at St. Mary's opens to treat both professional and ... Surgeons perform approximately 1,000 coronary artery bypass procedures each year, in addition to 1,200 cardiac catheterizations ...
Since the later 1990s, most angioplasties also involve a stent over the angioplasty balloon; the balloon is hydraulically ... By about 1990, lumen stenosis of the coronary arteries was more commonly treated by the angioplasty technique than by coronary ... Gruentzig's first successful coronary angioplasty treatment on an awake human was performed on 16 September 1977, in Zurich, ... He is known for being the first to develop successful balloon angioplasty for expanding lumens of narrowed arteries. He was ...
... followed by a coronary angioplasty. The angioplasty uses the insertion of a balloon to open up the artery, with the possible ... Bourassa MG (2000). "Clinical trials of coronary revascularization: coronary angioplasty vs. coronary bypass grafting". Curr. ... or percutaneous coronary intervention (and coronary angioplasty) is then performed. Percutaneous coronary intervention in this ... The use of a coronary angioplasty to abort a myocardial infarction is preceded by a primary percutaneous coronary intervention ...
... has also been used in conjunction with coronary stents to prevent restenosis in coronary arteries following balloon angioplasty ... A sirolimus-eluting coronary stent was marketed by Cordis, a division of Johnson & Johnson, under the tradename Cypher. However ... "Cypher Sirolimus-eluting Coronary Stent". Cypher Stent. Retrieved 1 April 2008. Seto B (November 2012). "Rapamycin and mTOR: a ... Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant ...
In 1977, Andreas Grüntzig introduced percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), also called balloon angioplasty, in ... In about 3% of balloon angioplasty cases, failure of the dilation and acute or threatened closure of the coronary artery (often ... 2000). "Medical therapy versus coronary angioplasty in stable coronary artery disease: a critical review of the literature". J ... Balloon angioplasty was generally effective and safe, but restenosis was frequent, occurring in about 30-40% of cases, usually ...
... balloon angioplasty, intravascular ultrasound, coronary artery stenting, ECG monitoring, and ECHO monitoring. Their doctors are ... Many of the newest treatments for coronary heart disease are performed within "Heart Hospital "EDA" through minimally invasive ... which is used for treatment of re-stenosis of coronary arteries. This is a breakthrough for Kosovo's medicine and the first ... techniques using catheters, balloons and stents. There are also some non-surgical procedures performed such as: catheterization ...
Treatment may include any combination of: Cardiac catheterization Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy Balloon angioplasty ... This is a less common variant, and with this arrangement, an unusual coronary artery pattern is common. There are also some ... Angioplasty also requires a balloon catheter, which is used to stretch open a stenotic vessel; this relieves restricted blood ... A balloon atrial septostomy is performed with a balloon catheter, which is inserted into a patent foramen ovale ( PFO ), or ...
He had undergone a coronary balloon angioplasty ten years prior and although he had begun living a healthier lifestyle since, ...
Once the catheter is in place, it can be used to perform a number of procedures including, coronary angioplasty, balloon ... It is important to note that the coronary arteries are not accessed during a right heart catheterization. Main page: Coronary ... Subsets of this technique are mainly coronary catheterization, involving the catheterization of the coronary arteries, and ... where it can be maneuvered into the coronary arteries through the coronary ostia. In this position, the interventional ...
... coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (coronary balloon angioplasty) are the two primary means ... Vascular bypass and angioplasty are the two primary means of revascularization. The term derives from the prefix re-, in this ... Kalyanasundaram, Arun (April 5, 2012). "Comparison of Revascularization Procedures in Coronary Artery Disease". Drugs, Diseases ... For coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease), ...
He is the inventor of the FDA approved Perfusion Balloon Angioplasty known as "Sahota Perfusion Balloon". Sahota holds two ... On January 17, 1990 Sahota performed the first coronary angioplasty in North India and nine more followed in the week that the ... After getting the US FDA approval in the 1980s the balloon is now used in angioplasty surgeries all over the world. Sahota went ... He performed the first coronary Angioplasty in many hospitals around the world including India, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine and the ...
Regarding coronary vasospasm, one surgical intervention, referred to as percutaneous coronary intervention or angioplasty, ... involves placing a stent at the site of stenosis in an artery and inflating the stent using a balloon catheter. Another ... in the blood and inducing coronary vasodilation which will allow for more coronary blood flow due to a decreased coronary ... Ischemia in the heart due to prolonged coronary vasospasm can lead to angina, myocardial infarction and even death. ...
"Angioplasty: MedlinePlus". www.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-19.. *^ "Coronary artery bypass surgery". MedlinePlus.. ... followed by a second one with a deflated balloon which is passed through the catheter into the narrowed area. The balloon is ... Coronary artery bypass surgery: This surgery creates a new pathway for blood to flow to the heart. Taking a healthy piece of ... Angioplasty and stent placement: A catheter is first inserted into the blocked/narrowed part of your artery, ...
"A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease". N ... Gruentzig performed coronary angioplasties in 169 patients in Zurich, while teaching the practice of coronary angioplasty to a ... "A randomized comparison of coronary-stent placement and balloon angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease". N ... RITA Investigators (1993). "Coronary angioplasty versus coronary artery bypass surgery: the Randomized Intervention Treatment ...
Retrieved on 2010-01-22 What Is Coronary Angioplasty National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Retrieved on 2010-01-22. ... This procedure is performed by placing a balloon in the heart to open an artery that is blocked by atherosclerosis or a buildup ... Retrieved on 2010-01-22 Acute Heart Failures Definition And Management Retrieved on 2010-01-22 What Is Coronary Angioplasty ... percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft. A jugular venous distension is the most sensitive clinical ...
Coronary angioplasty/Percutaneous coronary intervention is an intervention for the treatment of coronary artery disease. It can ... It involves the extraction of clots from occluded coronary arteries and deployment of stents and balloons through a small hole ... doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.027 Harnek, J (Jan 2011). "Transcatheter implantation of the MONARC coronary sinus device for ... Additionally, interventional cardiology procedure of primary angioplasty is now the gold standard of care for an acute ...
The technique is similar to coronary angioplasty, and utilizes similar equipment. Using wires and balloons to localize the ...
... coronary MeSH E02.148.102.060 --- angioplasty, balloon MeSH E02.148.102.060.080 --- angioplasty, balloon, laser-assisted MeSH ... angioplasty, balloon MeSH E02.148.050.060.080 --- angioplasty, balloon, laser-assisted MeSH E02.148.050.060.100 --- angioplasty ... angioplasty, laser MeSH E02.148.050.075.080 --- angioplasty, balloon, laser-assisted MeSH E02.148.050.120 --- atherectomy MeSH ... E02.148.102.060.100 --- angioplasty, transluminal, percutaneous coronary MeSH E02.148.224.165 --- catheterization, swan-ganz ...
Ischemic events during coronary artery balloon occlusion. In: Rutishauser W, Roskamm H, eds. Silent Myocardial Ischemia. Berlin ... Sigwart's work made angioplasty predictable which significantly improved the outcome and offered a chance to overcome the ... Coronary Stents, Springer 1992 (ISBN 9780387545417) (Coronary Stents) U. Sigwart: Endoluminal Stenting, W. B. Saunders 1996 ( ... Coronary artery bypass surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in patients with multivessel ...
It was for the first time a balloon surgery was being shown live in Kerala. The surgery for removing blocks in blood vessels, ... Kollam Meditrina hospital conducted a live open heart angioplasty demonstration for the public at Quilon Beach Hotel in Kollam ... 6.0 km With the aim of allaying fears about cardiovascular procedures for coronary heart diseases, ... popularly known as balloon surgery, was telecasted on a big screen in the hotel auditorium, eight kilometers away from the ...
Angioplasty. Bypass/Coronary artery bypass MIDCAB. Off-pump CAB. TECAB. Coronary stent. Bare-metal stent. Drug-eluting stent. * ... Balloon septostomy. creation of septal defect in heart Blalock-Hanlon procedure. shunt from heart chamber to blood vessel. ...
... focuses on the pathologic changes resulting from saphenous vein balloon angioplasty -analyzes postsurgical complications such ... Pooling the experience of over 25 coronary specialists, Saphenous Vein Bypass Graft Disease -describes early and late ... structural changes in veins used as aortocoronary conduits -outlines directional coronary atherectomy and transluminal ...
The right coronary artery supplies both the left and the right heart; the left coronary artery supplies the left heart. ... The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. ... The right coronary artery supplies both the left and the right ... The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle. ...
Once the catheter has been positioned at the coronary artery origin, contrast media is injected and a series of X-rays (film) ... Once the catheter has been positioned at the coronary artery origin, contrast media is injected and a series of X-rays (film) ...
We develop stent-based technology for minimally invasive coronary procedures. ... After stent and balloon therapy, many patients return to normal activities soon. ... About Treatments for Coronary Artery Disease Living with Stent and Balloon Therapy After the Procedure - Stents ... It can be difficult for someone who has undergone angioplasty or stenting to get back to their lives right away. Having family ...
Were committed to improving stent and balloon therapy. ... After stent and balloon therapy for coronary artery disease, ... About Treatments for Coronary Artery Disease Living with Stent and Balloon Therapy Daily Living - Stents ... For many people, coronary artery disease treatment improves blood flow through what was the blocked coronary artery. As a ... Remember that the patient with coronary artery disease is in charge of his or her own recovery. Ask your friend or family ...
... angioplasty is easier on the person than coronary bypass surgery. ... Angioplasty opens up blockages in the arteries around the heart ... Source: www.medbroadcast.com/procedure/getprocedure/Coronary-Balloon-Angioplasty. A blockage in the artery is widened by ... angioplasty is easier on the person than coronary bypass surgery.. In this procedure, a special balloon is pushed through a ... In angioplasties where no stent is used, your doctor will use the balloon itself to open the blockage, inflating it against the ...
DESIGN : Coronary Angioplasty Balloon Catheters: Designing for the Real World. Jan 01, 1996 ... Litvack F, and Eigter N, "Coronary Laser Angioplasty: Tribulations, Trials and Directions," Coronary Arterial Disease, 3:533- ... These companies offer new balloon technologies including ultra-low-profile systems, perfusion balloons, long balloons, and high ... In balloon angioplasty, the parachute--the balloon catheter--has been and still is working well. Now, however, many jumpers are ...
angioplasty. Although there is an increasing number of indications for percutaneous transluminal coronary (balloon) angioplasty ... Impact of Cilostazol on Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Balloon Angioplasty. Etsuo Tsuchikane, Atsunori Fukuhara, Tohru ... Impact of Cilostazol on Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Balloon Angioplasty. Etsuo Tsuchikane, Atsunori Fukuhara, Tohru ... Impact of Cilostazol on Restenosis After Percutaneous Coronary Balloon Angioplasty. Etsuo Tsuchikane, Atsunori Fukuhara, Tohru ...
Myocardial protection during coronary angioplasty with an autoperfusion balloon catheter in humans.. P J Quigley, T Hinohara, H ... Myocardial protection during coronary angioplasty with an autoperfusion balloon catheter in humans. ... Myocardial protection during coronary angioplasty with an autoperfusion balloon catheter in humans. ... Myocardial protection during coronary angioplasty with an autoperfusion balloon catheter in humans. ...
Get low cost yet best angioplasty & stent procedure in order to widen the narrowed arteries or veins. Get a best QUOTE from the ... Another type of procedure is a coronary angioplasty also known as a coronary stent. After a coronary angioplasty is performed, ... A Balloon Angioplasty is a procedure used to widen blocked or narrowed blood vessels to allow a greater blood flow to go ... The angioplasty stent is made up of wire mesh and is inserted into the artery to keep it open long-term. It is worth noting ...
Randomized Trial of Coronary Angioplasty for de Novo Lesions in sMall vesSElS With Drug Eluting Balloon. (RAMSES). This study ... Device: Drug elluting Balloon (DEB) Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with drug elluting ballon and Bare metal ... Coronary Disease Device: Drug elluting Balloon (DEB) Device: Drug elluting coronary stent (DES) ... Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stent. Other Name: Resolute integrity™ zotarolimus drug coronary ...
The Paclitaxel-Eluting Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) - Balloon Catheter in Coronary Artery Disease to ... Coronary Artery Disease Chronic Total Occlusion Native Coronary Artery Device: paclitaxel eluting PTCA balloon catheter ( ... paclitaxel eluting PTCA balloon (SeQuent please) after bare-metal stenting of a chronic total occlusion in a native coronary ... paclitaxel eluting PTCA balloon catheter after bare-metal stenting of chronic total occlusion in a native coronary artery ...
Coronary Disease, Disease-Free Survival, Ticlopidine, Constriction, Pathologic, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Stents, Calcium ... Optimal Coronary Balloon Angioplasty With Provisional Stenting vs. Stent Trial - OCBAS. May 09, 2002 Share via: ... Despite a small sample size, the OCBAS trial suggests immediate use of coronary stents following optimal PTCA may not be ... 6 months would be lower in lesions treated with primary elective stenting versus those treated with optimal balloon angioplasty ...
Detection of Ischaemic Myocardial Damage during Balloon Coronary Angioplasty: Role of Creatine Kinase MB Isoform Ratios M ... Detection of Ischaemic Myocardial Damage during Balloon Coronary Angioplasty: Role of Creatine Kinase MB Isoform Ratios. Clin ...
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... on Clinical and Angiographic Restenosis After Coronary Balloon Angioplasty - FACT. Nov 17, 2004 Share via: ... and were scheduled for balloon angioplasty of a significant (> 50%) stenosis that was documented on a recent coronary angiogram ... on Clinical and Angiographic Restenosis After Coronary Balloon Angioplasty: The FACT Study. Circulation 1997;96:3396-3402. ... Elective coronary angioplasty was performed on 354 patients who were treated with daily subcutaneous nadroparin (0.6 mL of 10 ...
Changes in collateral channel filling immediately after controlled coronary artery occlusion by an angioplasty balloon in human ... Changes in collateral channel filling immediately after controlled coronary artery occlusion by an angioplasty balloon in human ... Changes in collateral channel filling immediately after controlled coronary artery occlusion by an angioplasty balloon in human ... Transluminal coronary angioplasty can serve as a model for controlled coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion which enables ...
Initially it was only used for distal stenoses not accessible to coronary bypass grafting in 200 patients. Recatheterization of ... Operative transluminal coronary artery balloon angioplasty has been used for over 3000 lesions in 1000 patients since 1980. ... Operative transluminal coronary artery balloon angioplasty has been used for over 3000 lesions in 1000 patients since 1980. ... Operative Transluminal Balloon Angioplasty. Adjunct to Coronary Bypass for Extended Myocardial Revascularization of More Than ...
A comparison of balloon-expandable-stent implantation with balloon angioplasty in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl ... Some coronary artery stenoses do not initially respond well to balloon angioplasty or recur despite successful angioplasty. ... Benefit-risk trade-off was found for stent vs balloon coronary angioplasty. ACP J Club. 1995 Jan-Feb;122:11. doi:10.7326/ACPJC- ... Coronary artery restenosis after balloon angioplasty occurs in 30% to 50% of patients. More than 50 randomized trials have ...
Balloons, Ptca Guidewires And Balloon Inflation Devices.Covering: Abbott Laboratories, Boston - Market research report and ... Markets Covered: Stents, Catheters, Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (Ptca) Balloons, Ptca Guidewires And Balloon ... Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (Ptca) Balloons, Ptca Guidewires And Balloon Inflation Devices.Covering: Abbott ... Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (Ptca) Balloons, Ptca Guidewires And Balloon Inflation Devices.Covering: Abbott ...
Comparison between balloon angioplasty and additional coronary stent implantation for the treatment of drug-eluting stent ... and conventional balloon angioplasty (POBA) (N = 47). We evaluated the clinical outcomes in terms of major adverse cardiac ...
Coronary lumen changes during and after excimer laser-assisted balloon angioplasty were measured by quantitative coronary ... Quantitative angiographic comparison of elastic recoil after coronary excimer laser-assisted balloon angioplasty and balloon ... Quantitative angiographic comparison of elastic recoil after coronary excimer laser-assisted balloon angioplasty and balloon ... Quantitative angiographic comparison of elastic recoil after coronary excimer laser-assisted balloon angioplasty and balloon ...
... of an inhibitor of ras farnesyltransferase prevents neointima formation in vivo after porcine coronary balloon angioplasty ... of an inhibitor of ras farnesyltransferase prevents neointima formation in vivo after porcine coronary balloon angioplasty. ... Background- Mitogenic stimuli present at the site of coronary arterial balloon injury contribute to the progression and ... is an inhibitor of p21ras processing and that when it is given locally in vivo at the site of coronary balloon injury in a ...
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aims to publish findings of doctors at grass root level and post graduate students, so that all unique medical experiences are recorded in literature.
Catheters, Vascular, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Perfusion. Definition : Balloon angioplasty catheters designed to perform ... " , "Coronary Artery Catheters" , "Catheters, Angioplasty, Balloon Dilatation, Coronary Perfusing" , "Catheters, Perfusion" ... Related Terms : "Cannulae, Coronary Artery". Entry Terms : "Passive Coronary Diffusion Catheters" , "Autoperfusion Coronary ... due to native coronary (aortic) pressure and exits beyond the balloon into the distal coronary artery (passive diffusion). ...
- This balloon catheter is inserted into the femoral artery of the leg or sometimes in radial artery of the arm to treat the constricted in the blood vessels. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Balloon Catheter is an advance medical device which consists of guidewires and catheter. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Balloon catheters are of two types, high-pressure balloon catheter and low-pressure balloon catheter. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- A low-pressure balloon catheter is also referred as occlusion balloon catheter or elastomeric balloon catheter. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Occlusion balloon catheter is typically deep molded in a tubular shape and then expanded to several times their original size during use. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Occlusion balloon catheter have the thin wall surrounding its balloon and having high tensile strength. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Occlusion balloon catheter is used for sealing when precise size and shape are required. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- The major factors driving the growth of occlusion balloon catheter market are rising prevalence of cardiac diseases and increasing geriatric population. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Awareness campaign by NGO about awareness of cardiac diseases are low driving factors for occlusion balloon catheter market. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- New innovative technologies and increasing product launch for balloon catheters has upsurge the growth of occlusion balloon catheter market. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- On the other hand, the high cost of angioplasty and risk of infection during surgery can hamper the growth of occlusion balloon catheter market. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- The global occlusion balloon catheter is expected to show significant growth over the forecast period due to rising prevalence of cardiac diseases. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- The increasing number of patient undergoing for renal surgeries has increased the demand for occlusion balloon catheter. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- On the basis of material occlusion balloon catheter is classified as latex, silicone and others. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Latex material is expected to dominate the market share in term of value for occlusion balloon catheter market. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- On the basis of end user occlusion balloon catheter market is classified as hospitals, ambulatory surgical center and cardiac catheterization laboratories. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- On the basis of regional presence global occlusion balloon catheter are classified into seven key regions - North America, Latin America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific excluding Japan, Japan, and the Middle East & Africa. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- North America is the most lucrative market for occlusion balloon catheter due to high healthcare infrastructure and favorable reimbursement scenario. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- After North America, occlusion balloon catheter market is then followed by Western Europe and Asia-Pacific excluding Japan. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- In APEJ region, India and China are the major markets for occlusion balloon catheter due to high prevalence of cardiac diseases and increasing geriatric population. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Major market players of occlusion balloon catheter market are focusing on mergers and acquisitions to maintain their market share. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- Occlusion balloon catheters are segmented on the basis of material, indication and end user. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- The manufacturing of low-cost occlusion balloon catheters by manufacturing companies can provide the opportunity for this market to grow more in low economic countries. (futuremarketinsights.com)
- the left coronary artery supplies the left heart. (medlineplus.gov)
- The physician will be able to use three separate catheters to look at the left coronary artery, right coronary artery and left ventricular chamber. (baptist-health.com)
- During balloon inflation, contralateral dye injection was performed as soon as the patient developed angina or ST-T changes or at 90 seconds in those patients without symptoms or signs of ischemia. (onlinejacc.org)
- Angina occurred in 11 patients during coronary occlusion (mean grade of collateral filling during inflation = 1.8) and did not occur within 90 seconds in 5 patients (mean grade of collateral filling = 2.2, p = NS). (onlinejacc.org)
- To compare the effectiveness and safety of balloon-expandable coronary artery stent implantation with that of standard balloon angioplasty in patients with stable angina pectoris and a single new lesion in a coronary artery. (acpjc.org)
- The clinical and angiographic outcomes were better, but bleeding and vascular complications were more frequent and hospital stay was longer, in patients with stable angina and a single coronary artery lesion who received a stent than in those who received standard coronary angioplasty. (acpjc.org)
- When successful, percutaneous coronary intervention can relieve chest pain of angina , improve the prognosis of individuals with unstable angina, and minimize or stop a heart attack without having the patient undergo open heart coronary artery bypass graft ( CABG ) surgery . (rxlist.com)
- Angina preceding myocardial infarction and residual coronary narrowing after intracoronary thromboly. (biomedsearch.com)
- Select the Indication from the drop down of various indications provided under this head: Chronic Stable Angina Acute Coronary Syndrome, Unstable Angina Acute Coronary Syndrome Non-ST Elevation MI Recent STEMI 3. (docplayer.net)
- In angioplasties where no stent is used, your doctor will use the balloon itself to open the blockage, inflating it against the artery wall and then deflating it, often several times, to stretch the artery wall. (canada.com)
- A smaller guidewire is advanced across the blocked section of the coronary artery and a balloon -tipped tube is positioned so the balloon part of the tube is beside the blockage. (adam.com)
- The balloon is then inflated for a few seconds to compress the blockage against the artery wall. (adam.com)
- If the doctor feels the blocks are treatable, a balloon catheter is advanced into the blockage site and inflated. (heart-disease-treatments.com)
- the other end to the coronary artery below the blockage. (baptist-health.com)
- Directional Coronary Arthrectomy (DCA) positions the catheter window over the blockage. (baptist-health.com)
- A balloon catheter is pushed over the guide wire and into the blockage. (mountsinai.org)
- Not every blockage can be treated with angioplasty. (mountsinai.org)
- Once the end of the catheter reaches the blockage, the doctor inflates and deflates the balloon several times to push the plaque against the artery wall and open and stretch the artery, the NHLBI says. (ahealthyme.com)
- Sometimes a stent may placed to hold the artery open after a balloon has expanded the blockage. (ahealthyme.com)
- A tiny balloon is then used to open up the blockage. (rochester.edu)
- Once there is a clear image of the blockage, your doctor begins the angioplasty. (kswo.com)
- The doctor inflates the balloon near the blockage in your artery. (kswo.com)
- Once the blockage is opened, the balloon is removed. (medicalmalpracticehelp.com)
- The primary clinical end points were death, cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction (MI), need for coronary artery bypass surgery, or a second percutaneous intervention involving the previously treated lesion. (acpjc.org)
- Patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary angioplasty are at high risk for contrast-medium-induced nephropathy because of hemodynamic instability, the need for a high volume of contrast medium, and the lack of effective prophylaxis. (nih.gov)
- After balloon angioplasty, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3 was achieved, and intracoronary electrocardiography did not change ( Figure 1D-a ). (onlinejacc.org)
- Heart attack is sometimes called myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome. (familydoctor.org)
- Results: In-hospital death, periprocedural myocardial infarction, emergency reoperation by means of conventional myocardial infarction, emergency reoperation by means of conventional coronary bypass grafting, use of an intraaortic balloon pump, and cerebrovascular accidents were not significantly different between the two groups. (rug.nl)
- Trials have not included enough patients for informative estimates of the effect of angioplasty on myocardial infarction, death, or subsequent revascularisation, though trends so far do not favour angioplasty. (bmj.com)
- 4 5 Primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty may be superior to thrombolysis in selected patients with acute myocardial infarction, 3 but the use of this treatment after thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction has shown conflicting results with questionable benefit. (bmj.com)
- If the angioplasty catheter is inserted into the femoral artery in the groin, the individual is instructed to lie flat and keep the affected leg straight for at least six hours. (faqs.org)
- Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term given to a group of symptoms. (empowher.com)
- is given to all patients suspected of acute coronary syndrome. (empowher.com)
- If you have signs or symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome, an emergency room doctor will likely order several tests. (mayoclinic.org)
- The information from these two tests - as well as your signs and symptoms - is used to make a primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. (mayoclinic.org)
- This test is done only when there are no signs of acute coronary syndrome or another life-threatening heart condition when you are at rest. (mayoclinic.org)
- To the Editor: We read with interest the meta-analysis by Indermuehle A et al which reported that drug-eluting balloon (DEB) appears to show great promise for in-stent restenosis (ISR), and could reduce the risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) compared with plain balloon angioplasty (BA)or implantation of drug-eluting stent. (bmj.com)
- It reduces the risk for MACE compared with plain balloon angioplasty or implantation of a Taxus Liberte drug-eluting stent. (bmj.com)
- We report its safety and efficacy in 11 patients undergoing elective angioplasty to a single coronary lesion. (ahajournals.org)
- Elective coronary angioplasty was performed on 354 patients who were treated with daily subcutaneous nadroparin (0.6 mL of 10 250 anti-Xa IU/mL) or placebo injections started 3 days before angioplasty and continued for 3 months. (acc.org)
- Among patients undergoing percutaneous angioplasty, treatment with the low-molecular-weight nadroparin was not associated with improvements in clinical or angiographic outcomes. (acc.org)
- During coronary occlusion by balloon inflation, collateral filling improved by one grade in eight patients, two grades in five patients, three grades in two patients and remained the same in one patient. (onlinejacc.org)
- Initially it was only used for distal stenoses not accessible to coronary bypass grafting in 200 patients. (nih.gov)
- Coronary artery restenosis after balloon angioplasty occurs in 30% to 50% of patients. (acpjc.org)
- In the Benestent study, 10 patients were spared repeat angioplasty at a cost of 1 extra acute coronary artery closure, 2 more bypass operations, 10 extra bleeding or vascular complications, and 540 additional acute hospital days. (acpjc.org)
- At 9-month angiographic follow-up, 93 patients presented a DES ISR that was treated with 'homo-DES' (HMD) ( N = 27), 'hetero-DES' (HTD) ( N = 19) and conventional balloon angioplasty (POBA) ( N = 47). (ovid.com)
- Researchers carried out a five-year follow-up study of 1,158 patients who had received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at a UK hospital, comparing 293 South Asians and 865 White Europeans. (medindia.net)
- Up to 30% to 40% of patients with successful coronary angioplasty will develop recurrent narrowing at the site of balloon inflation. (rxlist.com)
- When Dick Cheney had his first heart attack in 1978, patients were monitored in coronary care units (an important step forward), but the heart attack itself, the death of heart muscle, was left to run its course. (everydayhealth.com)
- We investigated the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-medium-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing primary angioplasty. (nih.gov)
- Intravenous and oral N-acetylcysteine may prevent contrast-medium-induced nephropathy with a dose-dependent effect in patients treated with primary angioplasty and may improve hospital outcome. (nih.gov)
- For some patients, thrombolytic therapy (treatment with drugs that dissolve blood clots) is an alternative to angioplasty. (encyclopedia.com)
- Many medical centers, in fact, restrict the use of angioplasty to patients who cannot be treated with thrombolytic therapy. (encyclopedia.com)
- Although reocclusion was more frequent, occurring in 19% of patients, the net clinical benefit of angioplasty in such patients was similar to that in patients with subtotal stenoses over the 6-month follow-up period. (duke.edu)
- In multivessel patients, compared with angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting was associated with a lower incidence of long-term events and a reduced need for new interventions (P=0.001). (scielo.br)
- Coronary artery bypass surgery is often used for patients with more severe blockages or those with several blockages. (rochester.edu)
- Consequently, patients must take anti-clotting medications for months after their angioplasties. (redorbit.com)
- Of these patients, 71 underwent minimally invasive bypass and 110 angioplasty. (rug.nl)
- Angiographic changes produced by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. (biomedsearch.com)
- PTA (Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty) Balloons e. (pitchengine.com)
- C.R. Bard (NYSE:BCR) said that data from a 2-year study of its Lutonix drug-coated balloon catheter showed positive results for the device when compared to standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. (medworm.com)
- Medtronic plc (NYSE: MDT) announced today the launch of the Fortrex™ over-the-wire (OTW) percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) balloon catheter. (medworm.com)
- The global angioplasty balloon market is expected to reach a value of USD 2.9 billion by 2024, according on a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The growth of the market is attributed to favorable government policies, approval & commercialization of several angioplasty balloons, and increasing coronary & peripheral interventions. (prnewswire.co.uk)
- Conclusions- The study demonstrates in the pig that short-term local delivery of inhibitors of p21ras-dependent mitogenic signal transduction prevents restenosis after balloon angioplasty. (strath.ac.uk)
- After the athrectomy, your doctor may do an angioplasty using a balloon catheter to compress any remaining plaque against the arterial wall. (baptist-health.com)
- The balloon stretches the artery narrowed by the plaque. (faqs.org)
- When the balloon is inflated, it flattens the cholesterol-filled plaque that has been restricting blood flow through the artery. (harvard.edu)
- Your heart surgeon will expand the balloon to compress plaque against the artery wall and improve circulation. (seton.net)
- A clot most often forms in a coronary artery that has become narrow because of the build-up of a substance called plaque along the artery walls. (uwhealth.org)
- The inflated balloon presses the plaque against the artery wall, allowing for better blood flow. (kswo.com)
- The pressure from the inflated balloon makes more room for the blood to flow, because the balloon presses the plaque against the wall of the artery. (uwhealth.org)
- This full color medical illustration depicts a series of three cut-away views of a blocked, atherosclerotic coronary artery. (photoshelter.com)
- The most common cause of coronary aneurysm mostly seems to be atherosclerotic. (hindawi.com)
- An autoperfusion balloon catheter was developed to allow passive myocardial perfusion during inflation through a central lumen and multiple side holes in the shaft proximal and distal to the balloon. (ahajournals.org)
- The distal left main coronary artery (LMCA) is in the left upper quadrant of the image. (wikipedia.org)
- Recently a new treatment has been developed, which is called minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting. (rug.nl)
- This tube is inserted through the aforementioned puncture in the arm or leg that threads the balloon through the artery to the heart where the balloon is expanded. (tourmyindia.com)
- After a coronary angioplasty is performed, the stent is put into the heart to ensure the passageway that has a high likelihood of clogging again. (tourmyindia.com)
- For almost 15 years following its introduction, heart bypass surgery remained the only therapy available for restoring blood to a heart afflicted with severe coronary artery blockages. (everydayhealth.com)
- Coronary angioplasty is performed by a cardiologist, a physician who specializes in heart disorders. (faqs.org)
- Desun Hospital and Heart Institute strictly charges the cost of stent/s, balloons as per actual cost . (wordpress.com)
- One way to measure the speed of a facility is its 'door-to-balloon time'-the time from when a patient with a heart attack arrives in the emergency department until that person's coronary artery is re-opened with a balloon catheter. (rochester.edu)
- At UR Medicine Heart & Vascular, we've optimized our process to cut door-to-balloon time to under 90 minutes, beating the national standard. (rochester.edu)
- When this buildup happens in a coronary artery, it can lead to a heart attack. (lahey.org)
- A less common cause of heart attack is a severe spasm, or tightening, of a coronary artery. (familydoctor.org)
- Balloon angioplasty has fewer risks than open heart surgery. (medicalmalpracticehelp.com)
- This is a type of X-ray test that can see if there is coronary calcification that may suggest a future heart problem. (massgeneral.org)
- It opens a coronary artery that is narrowed or blocked during a heart attack . (uwhealth.org)
- Emergency angioplasty is typically the first choice of treatment for a heart attack. (uwhealth.org)
- Doctors try to do angioplasty as soon as possible after a heart attack. (uwhealth.org)
- It also increases the risk of a heart attack, which occurs when a coronary artery is blocked completely. (womenshealthmag.com)