Angiography digital subtraction. Medical search

A method of delineating blood vessels by subtracting a tissue background image from an image of tissue plus intravascular contrast material that attenuates the X-ray photons. The background image is determined from a digitized image taken a few moments before injection of the contrast material. The resulting angiogram is a high-contrast image of the vessel. This subtraction technique allows extraction of a high-intensity signal from the superimposed background information. The image is thus the result of the differential absorption of X-rays by different tissues.

Combination or superimposition of two images for demonstrating differences between them (e.g., radiograph with contrast vs. one without, radionuclide images using different radionuclides, radiograph vs. radionuclide image) and in the preparation of audiovisual materials (e.g., offsetting identical images, coloring of vessels in angiograms).

Non-invasive method of vascular imaging and determination of internal anatomy without injection of contrast media or radiation exposure. The technique is used especially in CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY as well as for studies of other vascular structures.

Radiography of the vascular system of the brain after injection of a contrast medium.

Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.

Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (>2.5 cm in diameter) may compress adjacent structures, including the OCULOMOTOR NERVE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p841)

Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.

Improvement in the quality of an x-ray image by use of an intensifying screen, tube, or filter and by optimum exposure techniques. Digital processing methods are often employed.

The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the anterior part of the brain, the eye and its appendages, the forehead and nose.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The tearing or bursting of the weakened wall of the aneurysmal sac, usually heralded by sudden worsening pain. The great danger of a ruptured aneurysm is the large amount of blood spilling into the surrounding tissues and cavities, causing HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK.

Congenital, inherited, or acquired abnormalities involving ARTERIES; VEINS; or venous sinuses in the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and MENINGES.

Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.

Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)

Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.

Computed tomography where there is continuous X-ray exposure to the patient while being transported in a spiral or helical pattern through the beam of irradiation. This provides improved three-dimensional contrast and spatial resolution compared to conventional computed tomography, where data is obtained and computed from individual sequential exposures.

Veins draining the cerebrum.

An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.

Calculi occurring in a salivary gland. Most salivary gland calculi occur in the submandibular gland, but can also occur in the parotid gland and in the sublingual and minor salivary glands.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Visualization of a vascular system after intravenous injection of a fluorescein solution. The images may be photographed or televised. It is used especially in studying the retinal and uveal vasculature.

A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect combined with real-time imaging. The real-time image is created by rapid movement of the ultrasound beam. A powerful advantage of this technique is the ability to estimate the velocity of flow from the Doppler shift frequency.

The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with the superposition of flow information as colors on a gray scale in a real-time image. This type of ultrasonography is well-suited to identifying the location of high-velocity flow (such as in a stenosis) or of mapping the extent of flow in a certain region.

Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

A rapid, low-dose, digital imaging system using a small intraoral sensor instead of radiographic film, an intensifying screen, and a charge-coupled device. It presents the possibility of reduced patient exposure and minimal distortion, although resolution and latitude are inferior to standard dental radiography. A receiver is placed in the mouth, routing signals to a computer which images the signals on a screen or in print. It includes digitizing from x-ray film or any other detector. (From MEDLINE abstracts; personal communication from Dr. Charles Berthold, NIDR)

Abnormal formation of blood vessels that shunt arterial blood directly into veins without passing through the CAPILLARIES. They usually are crooked, dilated, and with thick vessel walls. A common type is the congenital arteriovenous fistula. The lack of blood flow and oxygen in the capillaries can lead to tissue damage in the affected areas.

The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.

Localized or diffuse reduction in blood flow through the vertebrobasilar arterial system, which supplies the BRAIN STEM; CEREBELLUM; OCCIPITAL LOBE; medial TEMPORAL LOBE; and THALAMUS. Characteristic clinical features include SYNCOPE; lightheadedness; visual disturbances; and VERTIGO. BRAIN STEM INFARCTIONS or other BRAIN INFARCTION may be associated.

Screens which absorb the energy in the x-ray beam that has penetrated the patient and convert this energy into a light pattern which has as nearly as possible the same information as the original x-ray beam. The more light a screen produces for a given input of x-radiation, the less x-ray exposure and thus shorter exposure time are needed to expose the film. In most film-screen systems, the film is sandwiched between two screens in a cassette so that the emulsion on each side is exposed to the light from its contiguous screen.

Any visible result of a procedure which is caused by the procedure itself and not by the entity being analyzed. Common examples include histological structures introduced by tissue processing, radiographic images of structures that are not naturally present in living tissue, and products of chemical reactions that occur during analysis.

Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)

Artery formed by the bifurcation of the internal carotid artery (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL). Branches of the anterior cerebral artery supply the CAUDATE NUCLEUS; INTERNAL CAPSULE; PUTAMEN; SEPTAL NUCLEI; GYRUS CINGULI; and surfaces of the FRONTAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.

An acquired or spontaneous abnormality in which there is communication between CAVERNOUS SINUS, a venous structure, and the CAROTID ARTERIES. It is often associated with HEAD TRAUMA, specifically basilar skull fractures (SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR). Clinical signs often include VISION DISORDERS and INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION.

The first branch of the SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY with distribution to muscles of the NECK; VERTEBRAE; SPINAL CORD; CEREBELLUM; and interior of the CEREBRUM.

The anterior and posterior arteries created at the bifurcation of the popliteal artery. The anterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle and lies along the tibia at the distal part of the leg to surface superficially anterior to the ankle joint. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg, ankle, and foot. The posterior tibial artery begins at the lower border of the popliteus muscle, lies behind the tibia in the lower part of its course, and is found situated between the medial malleolus and the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity. Its branches are distributed throughout the leg and foot.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of DURA MATER, the endosteal and the meningeal layers. They are devoid of valves and are parts of the venous system of dura mater. Major cranial sinuses include a postero-superior group (such as superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, straight, transverse, and occipital) and an antero-inferior group (such as cavernous, petrosal, and basilar plexus).

Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).

A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.

Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.

The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.

Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that are invasive or surgical in nature, and require the expertise of a specially trained radiologist. In general, they are more invasive than diagnostic imaging but less invasive than major surgery. They often involve catheterization, fluoroscopy, or computed tomography. Some examples include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy, balloon angioplasty, and arterial embolization.

A non-invasive technique using ultrasound for the measurement of cerebrovascular hemodynamics, particularly cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebral collateral flow. With a high-intensity, low-frequency pulse probe, the intracranial arteries may be studied transtemporally, transorbitally, or from below the foramen magnum.

Delivery of drugs into an artery.

An abnormal direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. An A-V fistula usually leads to the formation of a dilated sac-like connection, arteriovenous aneurysm. The locations and size of the shunts determine the degree of effects on the cardiovascular functions such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEART RATE.

Pathological outpouching or sac-like dilatation in the wall of any blood vessel (ARTERIES or VEINS) or the heart (HEART ANEURYSM). It indicates a thin and weakened area in the wall which may later rupture. Aneurysms are classified by location, etiology, or other characteristics.

Radiography of the SALIVARY GLANDS or ducts following injection of contrast medium.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

X-ray visualization of the spinal cord following injection of contrast medium into the spinal arachnoid space.

The circulation of blood through the BLOOD VESSELS of the BRAIN.

A polygonal anastomosis at the base of the brain formed by the internal carotid (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL), proximal parts of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries (ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY; POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries.

Microsurgical revascularization to improve intracranial circulation. It usually involves joining the extracranial circulation to the intracranial circulation but may include extracranial revascularization (e.g., subclavian-vertebral artery bypass, subclavian-external carotid artery bypass). It is performed by joining two arteries (direct anastomosis or use of graft) or by free autologous transplantation of highly vascularized tissue to the surface of the brain.

A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters.

A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.

Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.

Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.

Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.

The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed.

Technique involving the passage of X-rays through oral structures to create a film record while a central tab or wing of dental X-ray film is being held between upper and lower teeth.

Branch of the common carotid artery which supplies the exterior of the head, the face, and the greater part of the neck.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A noninflammatory, progressive occlusion of the intracranial CAROTID ARTERIES and the formation of netlike collateral arteries arising from the CIRCLE OF WILLIS. Cerebral angiogram shows the puff-of-smoke (moyamoya) collaterals at the base of the brain. It is characterized by endothelial HYPERPLASIA and FIBROSIS with thickening of arterial walls. This disease primarily affects children but can also occur in adults.

The measurement of visualization by radiation of any organ after a radionuclide has been injected into its blood supply. It is used to diagnose heart, liver, lung, and other diseases and to measure the function of those organs, except renography, for which RADIOISOTOPE RENOGRAPHY is available.

The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.

Devices or objects in various imaging techniques used to visualize or enhance visualization by simulating conditions encountered in the procedure. Phantoms are used very often in procedures employing or measuring x-irradiation or radioactive material to evaluate performance. Phantoms often have properties similar to human tissue. Water demonstrates absorbing properties similar to normal tissue, hence water-filled phantoms are used to map radiation levels. Phantoms are used also as teaching aids to simulate real conditions with x-ray or ultrasonic machines. (From Iturralde, Dictionary and Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Imaging, 1990)

Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.

Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.

Radiographic visualization of the aorta and its branches by injection of contrast media, using percutaneous puncture or catheterization procedures.

The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.

Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.

Gadolinium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.

INFLAMMATION of salivary tissue (SALIVARY GLANDS), usually due to INFECTION or injuries.

Endosseous dental implantation where implants are fitted with an abutment or where an implant with a transmucosal coronal portion is used immediately (within 1 week) after the initial extraction. Conventionally, the implantation is performed in two stages with more than two months in between the stages.

Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)

Ultrasonography applying the Doppler effect, with frequency-shifted ultrasound reflections produced by moving targets (usually red blood cells) in the bloodstream along the ultrasound axis in direct proportion to the velocity of movement of the targets, to determine both direction and velocity of blood flow. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The continuation of the femoral artery coursing through the popliteal fossa; it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)

Surgical excision, performed under general anesthesia, of the atheromatous tunica intima of an artery. When reconstruction of an artery is performed as an endovascular procedure through a catheter, it is called ATHERECTOMY.

Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.

Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).

Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.

An irregularly shaped venous space in the dura mater at either side of the sphenoid bone.

Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Methods of creating machines and devices.

The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.

A method of producing a high-quality scan by digitizing and subtracting the images produced by high- and low-energy x-rays.

Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.

A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.

Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.

Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

The largest of the cerebral arteries. It trifurcates into temporal, frontal, and parietal branches supplying blood to most of the parenchyma of these lobes in the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These are the areas involved in motor, sensory, and speech activities.

Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.

Not an aneurysm but a well-defined collection of blood and CONNECTIVE TISSUE outside the wall of a blood vessel or the heart. It is the containment of a ruptured blood vessel or heart, such as sealing a rupture of the left ventricle. False aneurysm is formed by organized THROMBUS and HEMATOMA in surrounding tissue.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Libraries in which a major proportion of the resources are available in machine-readable format, rather than on paper or MICROFORM.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.

The excision of the thickened, atheromatous tunica intima of a carotid artery.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

The inferior part of the lower extremity between the KNEE and the ANKLE.

Motion of an object in which either one or more points on a line are fixed. It is also the motion of a particle about a fixed point. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.

Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Information systems, usually computer-assisted, designed to store, manipulate, and retrieve information for planning, organizing, directing, and controlling administrative activities associated with the provision and utilization of radiology services and facilities.

Types of spiral computed tomography technology in which multiple slices of data are acquired simultaneously improving the resolution over single slice acquisition technology.

The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.

The region of the lower limb in animals, extending from the gluteal region to the FOOT, and including the BUTTOCKS; HIP; and LEG.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.

A film base coated with an emulsion designed for use with x-rays.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

The use of ultrasound to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures such as needle ASPIRATION BIOPSY; DRAINAGE; etc. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.

Transmission and interpretation of tissue specimens via remote telecommunication, generally for the purpose of diagnosis or consultation but may also be used for continuing education.

Combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass graft. (1/1139)

Atherosclerosis is a generalized disease which afflicts a considerable number of patients in both the carotid and coronary arteries. Although the risk of stroke or death use to combined carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is thought to be higher than that of each individual operation, the combined procedure is generally preferred over staged operations to treat such patients. We performed the combined procedure safely with the aid of intraoperative portable digital subtraction angiography (DSA). This report describes our experience with the operative strategy of simultaneous CEA and CABG. Ninety CEA and 404 CABG were carried out between January 1989 and December 1997. A total of six patients received the combined procedure with the aid of intraoperative DSA; they were studied retrospectively. Postoperative mortality and morbidity after the combined procedure was 0%. In the combined procedure, neurological complications are difficult to detect after CEA because the patient must be maintained under general anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation during the subsequent CABG. However, intraoperative DSA can confirm patency of the internal carotid artery and absence of flap formation after CEA, and the CABG can be performed safely. Intraoperative portable DSA between CEA and CABG is helpful in preventing perioperative stroke in the combined procedure. (+info)

Popliteal artery occlusion as a late complication of liquid acrylate embolization for cerebral vascular malformation. (2/1139)

Occlusion of arteriovenous malformations of the brain (BAVMs) by means of an endovascular approach with liquid acrylate glue is an established treatment modality. The specific hazards of this procedure are related to the central nervous system. In the case of unexpectedly rapid polymerization of the cyanoacrylate glue and adhesion of the delivering microcatheter to the BAVM, severing the catheter at the site of vascular access is considered an acceptable and safe management. We present a unique complication related to this technique that has not been described yet. Fragmentation and migration of the microcatheter, originally left in place, had caused popliteal artery occlusion, which required saphenous vein interposition, in a 25-year-old man. Suggestions for avoiding this complication are discussed. (+info)

Factors influencing the development of vein-graft stenosis and their significance for clinical management. (3/1139)

OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of clinical and graft factors on the development of stenotic lesions. In addition the implications of any significant correlation for duplex surveillance schedules or surgical bypass techniques was examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective three centre study, preoperative and peroperative data on 300 infrainguinal autologous vein grafts was analysed. All grafts were monitored by a strict duplex surveillance program and all received an angiogram in the first postoperative year. A revision was only performed if there was evidence of a stenosis of 70% diameter reduction or greater on the angiogram. RESULTS: The minimum graft diameter was the only factor correlated significantly with the development of a significant graft stenosis (PSV-ratio > or = 2.5) during follow-up (p = 0.002). Factors that correlated with the development of event-causing graft stenosis, associated with revision or occlusion, were minimal graft diameter (p = 0.001), the use of a venovenous anastomosis (p = 0.005) and length of the graft (p = 0.025). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the minimal graft diameter was the only independent factor that significantly correlated with an event-causing graft stenosis (p = 0.009). The stenosis-free rates for grafts with a minimal diameter < 3.5 mm, between 3.5-4.5 and > or = 4.5 mm were 40%, 58% and 75%, respectively (p = < 0.05). Composite vein and arm-vein grafts with minimal diameters > or = 3.5 mm were compared with grafts which consisted of a single uninterrupted greater saphenous vein with a minimal diameter of < 3.5 mm. One-year secondary patency rates in these categories were of 94% and 76%, respectively (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: A minimal graft diameter < 3.5 mm was the only factor that significantly correlated with the development of a graft-stenosis. However, veins with larger diameters may still develop stenotic lesions. Composite vein and arm-vein grafts should be used rather than uninterrupted small caliber saphenous veins. (+info)

Bilateral vertebral artery occlusion following cervical spine trauma--case report. (4/1139)

A 41-year-old female presented with a rare case of bilateral vertebral artery occlusion following C5-6 cervical spine subluxation after a fall of 30 feet. Digital subtraction angiography showed occlusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries. Unlocking of the facet joint, posterior wiring with iliac crest grafting, and anterior fusion were performed. The patient died on the 3rd day after the operation. This type of injury has a grim prognosis with less than a third of the patients achieving a good outcome. (+info)

Evaluation of cerebral aneurysms with high-resolution MR angiography using a section-interpolation technique: correlation with digital subtraction angiography. (5/1139)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objective was to evaluate the results of high-resolution, fast-speed, section-interpolation MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), thereby examining the potential use of a primary noninvasive screening test for intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: The images were obtained in 39 cerebral aneurysmal lesions from 30 patients with a time-of-flight MR angiographic technique using a 1.5-T superconducting MR system. The total image volume was divided into four slabs, with 48 partitions each. To save time, only 24 phase-encoded steps were measured and interpolated to 48. The parameters used included 30/6.4 (TR/TE), a flip angle of 25 degrees , a 160x512 matrix, a field of view of 150x200, 7 minutes 42 seconds of scan time, an effective thickness of 0.7 mm, and an entire thickness of 102.2 mm. Maximum intensity projection was used for the image analysis, and a multiplanar reconstruction technique was used for patients with intracranial aneurysms. RESULTS: Among 39 intracranial aneurysmal lesions in 30 patients, 21 were ruptured and 18 were unruptured. Twelve lesions were less than 2 mm in size, 12 were 3 to 5 mm, 12 were 6 to 9 mm, and three were larger than 10 mm. At initial examinations, 38 of 39 aneurysmal lesions were detected by both MR angiography and DSA, with 97% sensitivity. In confirming aneurysms in neck and parent vessels, multiplanar reconstruction was successful in detecting all 39 aneurysms, whereas MR angiography was successful in detecting 27 (69%) and DSA was successful in detecting 32 (82%) of the lesions. CONCLUSION: High-resolution MR angiography with a section-interpolation technique showed equal results to those of DSA for the detection of intracranial aneurysms and may be used as a primary noninvasive screening test. In the evaluation of aneurysms in neck and parent vessels, the concurrent use of MR angiography and multiplanar reconstruction was far superior to the use of either MR angiography or DSA alone. (+info)

Twinkling artifact on intracerebral color Doppler sonography. (6/1139)

Transcranial Doppler sonography shows potential as a noninvasive technique for long-term follow-up of treated intracranial saccular aneurysms. This technical note describes a color Doppler artifact related to microcoil architecture that might represent a potential pitfall in transcranial Doppler sonographic evaluation of aneurysmal cavity thrombosis, since it may be wrongly interpreted as residual flow or aneurysmal cavity recanalization. (+info)

Cerebral veins: comparative study of CT venography with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography. (7/1139)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our objective was to compare the reliability of CT venography with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in imaging cerebral venous anatomy and pathology. METHODS: In 25 consecutive patients, 426 venous structures were determined as present, partially present, or absent by three observers evaluating CT multiplanar reformatted (MPR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. These results were compared with the results from intraarterial DSA and, in a second step, with the results of an intraobserver consensus. In addition, pathologic conditions were described. RESULTS: Using DSA as the standard of reference, MPR images had an overall sensitivity of 95% (specificity, 19%) and MIP images a sensitivity of 80% (specificity, 44%) in depicting the cerebral venous anatomy. On the basis of an intraobserver consensus including DSA, MPR, and MIP images (415 vessels present), the sensitivity/specificity was 95%/91% for MPR, 90%/100% for DSA, and 79%/91% for MIP images. MPR images were superior to DSA images in showing the cavernous sinus, the inferior sagittal sinus, and the basal vein of Rosenthal. Venous occlusive diseases were correctly recognized on both MPR and MIP images. Only DSA images provided reliable information of invasion of a sinus by an adjacent meningioma. CONCLUSION: CT venography proved to be a reliable method to depict the cerebral venous structures. MPR images were superior to MIP images. (+info)

A persistent pharyngohyostapedial artery: embryologic implications. (8/1139)

A 3-year-old child was examined because of otorrhagia. CT scans showed an unusual vessel, confirmed by angiography, related to a persistent pharyngohyostapedial artery. This embryonic persistent artery associated with the normal internal carotid artery would explain the "duplication" aspect of the internal carotid artery. (+info)

DF = Digital Fluoroscopy (retired). *DG = Diaphanography. *DM = Digital Microscopy. *DS = Digital Subtraction Angiography ... DICOM, abreviação de Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (ou comunicação de imagens digitais em medicina), é um ...

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DICOM

Computed Tomography Angiography Intravenous digital subtraction angiography "microangiography". The Free Dictionary. Takeshita ... "Micro-angiography for tumor vessel imaging" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-06-10. Bollinger A, Amann-Vesti BR (June 2007). "Fluorescence ... Microangiography (/ˌmaɪkroʊˌændʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ MY-kro-AN-jee-OG-rə-fee) is a type of angiography that consists of the radiography of ... While most other types of angiography cannot produce images of vessels smaller than 200 µm in diameter, microangiography does ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microangiography

In Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), the images are acquired digitally.[citation needed] Magnetic resonance angiography ( ... Magnetic resonance angiography uses magnetic fields and radio waves to provide detailed images of the blood vessels. The doctor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erectile_dysfunction

This is based on MRI scan, magnetic resonance angiography and CT scan. A cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) ... High resolution digital subtraction angiography may help in classifying CCF into dural and direct type and thus formulate a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid-cavernous_fistula

Comparison to Digital Subtraction Angiography". Radiology. 290 (1): 246-253. doi:10.1148/radiol.2018172927. ISSN 0033-8419. ... "Digital Variance Angiography as a Paradigm Shift in Carbon Dioxide Angiography". Investigative Radiology. 54 (7): 428-436. doi: ... See also: Digital variance angiography The diagnostic value of radiographic images is limited by image quality, which can be ... Digital variance angiography X-ray imaging Fluoroscopy Signal-to-noise ratio Szigeti, K.; Máthé, D.; Osváth, S. (2014-10-01). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_imaging

The gold standard is cerebral angiography (with or without digital subtraction angiography). This involves puncture of a large ... MR angiography). They use smaller amounts of contrast and are not invasive. CT angiography and MR angiography are more or less ... When MR angiography is used, the best results are achieved in the T1 setting using a protocol known as "fat suppression". ... Angiography also does not directly demonstrate the blood in the vessel wall, as opposed to more modern modalities. The only ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection

The DR 960 was introduced in 1982 as a digital subtraction angiography device. Rather than injecting contrast material into an ... A digital image was acquired without contrast and one with, and the images subtracted from each other leaving the arterial ... essentially a digital x-ray that was produced by moving the body through the gantry with the x-ray tube stationary. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technicare

In 1989, capability for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was introduced. Northern ... Radiology & Medical Imaging: NWH uses digital imaging techniques to provide accurate test results including MRI, PET/CT scans, ... CAT scans, ultrasounds and digital X-rays. Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Offering both the Gamma Knife and the Novalis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Westchester_Hospital

... validated by digital subtraction angiography". AJNR. 27 (7): 1565-72. PMID 16908582. Greathouse, David G.; Halle, John S.; ... "MR Angiography and CT Angiography of the Artery of Adamkiewicz: Noninvasive Preoperative Assessment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic ... Nijenhuis RJ, Mull M, Wilmink JT, Thron AK, Backes WH (2006). "MR angiography of the great anterior radiculomedullary artery ( ... Its location can be identified with computed tomographic angiography. It is named for Albert Wojciech Adamkiewicz. Milen, Mark ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artery_of_Adamkiewicz

Comparison of computed tomography angiography with digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of clipped intracranial ... CT Angiography and MR Angiography for Detection-Prospective Blinded Comparison in a Large Patient Cohort". Radiology. 219 (3): ... Once suspected, intracranial aneurysms can be diagnosed radiologically using magnetic resonance or CT angiography.[16] But ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_aneurysm

... by Digital Subtraction Imaging". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 30 (2): 235-241. PMID 10484138.. ... "Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)". Johns Hopkins Medicine.. *^ "Angiography". National Health Service. Retrieved 29 April ... Angiography using X-rays or magnetic resonance angiography are methods to visualize blood vessels.[8][9][10][11] ... Gribble N, Reynolds K (1993). "Use of Angiography to Outline the Cardiovascular Anatomy of the Sand Crab Portunus pelagicus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_physiology

... by Digital Subtraction Imaging". Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 30 (2): 235-241. PMID 10484138. "Magnetic Resonance ... Angiography using X-rays or magnetic resonance angiography are methods to visualize blood vessels. The term "anatomy" is ... "Angiography". National Health Service. Retrieved 29 April 2014. Dorit, R. L.; Walker, W. F.; Barnes, R. D. (1991). Zoology. ... Gribble N, Reynolds K (1993). "Use of Angiography to Outline the Cardiovascular Anatomy of the Sand Crab Portunus pelagicus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy

Today, the gold standard imaging remains invasive pulmonary angiography (PAG) using native angiograms or a digital subtraction ... of ventilation/perfusion scanning and multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography with pulmonary angiography". ... Both V/Q scanning and modern multidetector CT angiography (CTPA) may be accurate methods for the detection of CTEPH, with ... scan and specific diagnostic signs for CTEPH seen by multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCT), magnetic resonance ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_thromboembolic_pulmonary_hypertension

Another technique is digital subtraction angiography which allows verification of the diagnosis and endovascular treatment in a ... Angiography provides important information regarding the perfusion and patency of distal arteries (e.g. femoral artery). The ... However, angiography should only be used if symptoms warrant surgical intervention. Treatment involves revascularization ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortoiliac_occlusive_disease

The position of the correct artery or vein supplying the pathology in question is located by digital subtraction angiography ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embolisation

... with professors Michel Tonnelier and Francis Besse and helped them with the development of digital subtraction angiography. Dr ... Following it, he did residency in diagnostic radiology as well as in angiography and interventional radiology at the Centre ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio_J._Schonholz

Techniques such as conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to find and ... Cerebral angiography and magnetic resonance imaging, family medical history, symptoms, a complete physical examination, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_vasculitis

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a two-dimensional imaging technique for the visualization of blood vessels in the ... "Current Status of Digital Angiography in Vascular Imaging". Radiologic Clinics of North America. 33 (1): 1-14. PMID 7824692. " ... Rotational angiography is a technique to acquire CT-like 3D images intraoperatively with a fixed C-Arm. To do that, the C-Arm ... Rotational angiography visualizes the bronchial tree in 3D during the procedure. The air thereby serves as a 'natural' contrast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_operating_room

The services provided at hospitals are X-Ray and Ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, Digital Subtraction Angiography, Colour Doppler ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Ziauddin_Hospitals

... digital subtraction angiography, and new technologies. An additional focus is that of contrast media research, primarily for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigative_Radiology

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and CT angiography (CTA) are confirmatory imaging ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid_ultrasonography

... comparison with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography". World Journal of Surgery. 27 (3): 278-83. doi:10.1007/s00268- ... with contrast-enhanced three-dimensional fast imaging with steady-state precession magnetic resonance angiography: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma

... or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) may be necessary. MRI is particularly useful as it can differentiate between cytotoxic ... However, CT scan can be limited in determining the exact cause of cerebral edema in which cases, CT angiography (CTA), MRI, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_edema

Angiography: Sometimes referred to as traditional angiography, catheter angiography or digital subtraction angiography (DSA.) A ... Plaque and blood flow can be evaluated using ultrasound, CT Angiography, MR angiography and catheter based angiography to ... created may be modified by computer to better visualize the structures as is in the case with digital subtraction angiography, ... Angiography provides the basis for all endovascular therapy. Balloon Angiography: The foundational IR procedure. Small balloons ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interventional_radiology

Charles Mistretta in 1979 invented digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the technique currently in use. It consists of ... Diagnostic angiography Cerebral angiography was developed by Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz at the University of Lisbon, in ... He performed the first brain angiography in Lisbon in 1927 by injecting an iodinated contrast medium into the internal carotid ... In 1964, the Norwegian radiologist Per Amudsen was the first to perform a complete brain angiography with a transfemoral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interventional_neuroradiology

... an upcoming package announced by the European Commission Digital subtraction angiography, a fluoroscopy technique Distinguished ... US Digital Signature Algorithm, a cryptographic standard for digital signatures Directory System Agent, an IT standard, part of ... a per diem contribution for UNDP staff members Dental surgery assistant Digital Services Act, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DSA

MRI scans of the brain and orbit with and without contrast, magnetic resonance angiography or digital subtraction angiography ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolosa–Hunt_syndrome

... to diagnose myocardial infarction Arteriography of the affected extremity or organ Digital subtraction angiography is useful in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_embolism

... digital subtraction angiography) of carotid artery to see the extension of tumors and feeding vessels[citation needed] Antro- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_angiofibroma

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma