Angina Pectoris: The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.Angina, Unstable: Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Angina Pectoris, Variant: A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.Angina, Stable: Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA.Microvascular Angina: ANGINA PECTORIS or angina-like chest pain with a normal coronary arteriogram and positive EXERCISE TEST. The cause of the syndrome is unknown. While its recognition is of clinical importance, its prognosis is excellent. (Braunwald, Heart Disease, 4th ed, p1346; Jablonski Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed). It is different from METABOLIC SYNDROME X, a syndrome characterized by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA, that has increased risk for cardiovascular disease.Ludwig's Angina: Severe cellulitis of the submaxillary space with secondary involvement of the sublingual and submental space. It usually results from infection in the lower molar area or from a penetrating injury to the mouth floor. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Coronary Vasospasm: Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.Coronary Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.Coronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).Exercise Test: Controlled physical activity which is performed in order to allow assessment of physiological functions, particularly cardiovascular and pulmonary, but also aerobic capacity. Maximal (most intense) exercise is usually required but submaximal exercise is also used.Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.Coronary Artery Disease: Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.Counterpulsation: A technique for assisting the circulation by decreasing the afterload of the left ventricle and augmenting the diastolic pressure. It may be achieved by intra-aortic balloon, or by implanting a special pumping device in the chest, or externally by applying a negative pressure to the lower extremities during cardiac systole.Acetanilides: Compounds based on N-phenylacetamide, that are similar in structure to 2-PHENYLACETAMIDES. They are precursors of many other compounds. They were formerly used as ANALGESICS and ANTIPYRETICS, but often caused lethal METHEMOGLOBINEMIA.Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.Coronary Vessels: The veins and arteries of the HEART.Chest Pain: Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary: Dilation of an occluded coronary artery (or arteries) by means of a balloon catheter to restore myocardial blood supply.Coronary Artery Bypass: Surgical therapy of ischemic coronary artery disease achieved by grafting a section of saphenous vein, internal mammary artery, or other substitute between the aorta and the obstructed coronary artery distal to the obstructive lesion.Myocardial Revascularization: The restoration of blood supply to the myocardium. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Atherectomy, Coronary: Percutaneous transluminal procedure for removing atheromatous plaque from the coronary arteries. Both directional (for removing focal atheromas) and rotational (for removing concentric atheromatous plaque) atherectomy devices have been used.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Electrocardiography, Ambulatory: Method in which prolonged electrocardiographic recordings are made on a portable tape recorder (Holter-type system) or solid-state device ("real-time" system), while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It is useful in the diagnosis and management of intermittent cardiac arrhythmias and transient myocardial ischemia.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Acute Coronary Syndrome: An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Coronary Circulation: The circulation of blood through the CORONARY VESSELS of the HEART.Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Vasodilator Agents: Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Coronary Thrombosis: Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Adrenergic beta-Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors: Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Coronary Stenosis: Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.C-Reactive Protein: A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.Troponin T: One of the three polypeptide chains that make up the TROPONIN complex. It is a cardiac-specific protein that binds to TROPOMYOSIN. It is released from damaged or injured heart muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Defects in the gene encoding troponin T result in FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY.Cardiac Catheterization: Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Syndrome: A characteristic symptom complex.Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.Calcium Channel Blockers: A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.Stents: Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5)Physical Exertion: Expenditure of energy during PHYSICAL ACTIVITY. Intensity of exertion may be measured by rate of OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; HEAT produced, or HEART RATE. Perceived exertion, a psychological measure of exertion, is included.Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.Heart Rate: The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Fibrinopeptide A: Two small peptide chains removed from the N-terminal segment of the alpha chains of fibrinogen by the action of thrombin during the blood coagulation process. Each peptide chain contains 18 amino acid residues. In vivo, fibrinopeptide A is used as a marker to determine the rate of conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin.Hirudin Therapy: Use of HIRUDINS as an anticoagulant in the treatment of cardiological and hematological disorders.Exercise Tolerance: The exercise capacity of an individual as measured by endurance (maximal exercise duration and/or maximal attained work load) during an EXERCISE TEST.Angiocardiography: Radiography of the heart and great vessels after injection of a contrast medium.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Ultrasonography, Interventional: The use of ultrasound to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures such as needle ASPIRATION BIOPSY; DRAINAGE; etc. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.Collateral Circulation: Maintenance of blood flow to an organ despite obstruction of a principal vessel. Blood flow is maintained through small vessels.Creatine Kinase: A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.Laser Therapy: The use of photothermal effects of LASERS to coagulate, incise, vaporize, resect, dissect, or resurface tissue.Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Angioscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery performed on the interior of blood vessels.IodobenzenesDrug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.Heart: The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood.Cineangiography: Motion pictures of the passage of contrast medium through blood vessels.Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon: A method of computed tomography that uses radionuclides which emit a single photon of a given energy. The camera is rotated 180 or 360 degrees around the patient to capture images at multiple positions along the arc. The computer is then used to reconstruct the transaxial, sagittal, and coronal images from the 3-dimensional distribution of radionuclides in the organ. The advantages of SPECT are that it can be used to observe biochemical and physiological processes as well as size and volume of the organ. The disadvantage is that, unlike positron-emission tomography where the positron-electron annihilation results in the emission of 2 photons at 180 degrees from each other, SPECT requires physical collimation to line up the photons, which results in the loss of many available photons and hence degrades the image.Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial: Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render the myocardium resistant to the deleterious effects of ISCHEMIA or REPERFUSION. The period of pre-exposure and the number of times the tissue is exposed to ischemia and reperfusion vary, the average being 3 to 5 minutes.Coronary Care Units: The hospital unit in which patients with acute cardiac disorders receive intensive care.Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex: Platelet membrane glycoprotein complex important for platelet adhesion and aggregation. It is an integrin complex containing INTEGRIN ALPHAIIB and INTEGRIN BETA3 which recognizes the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence present on several adhesive proteins. As such, it is a receptor for FIBRINOGEN; VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR; FIBRONECTIN; VITRONECTIN; and THROMBOSPONDINS. A deficiency of GPIIb-IIIa results in GLANZMANN THROMBASTHENIA.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.Heparin: A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.Thallium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of thallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Tl atoms with atomic weights 198-202, 204, and 206-210 are thallium radioisotopes.Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.Clinical Trials as Topic: Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.Hemodynamics: The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.Hospitalization: The confinement of a patient in a hospital.Plaque, Atherosclerotic: Lesions formed within the walls of ARTERIES.Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A family of percutaneous techniques that are used to manage CORONARY OCCLUSION, including standard balloon angioplasty (PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY), the placement of intracoronary STENTS, and atheroablative technologies (e.g., ATHERECTOMY; ENDARTERECTOMY; THROMBECTOMY; PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL LASER ANGIOPLASTY). PTCA was the dominant form of PCI, before the widespread use of stenting.Anticoagulants: Agents that prevent clotting.Heart Function Tests: Examinations used to diagnose and treat heart conditions.Spasm: An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Enoxaparin: Low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, having a 4-enopyranosuronate sodium structure at the non-reducing end of the chain. It is prepared by depolymerization of the benzylic ester of porcine mucosal heparin. Therapeutically, it is used as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Stroke Volume: The amount of BLOOD pumped out of the HEART per beat, not to be confused with cardiac output (volume/time). It is calculated as the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Coronary Restenosis: Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Echocardiography: Ultrasonic recording of the size, motion, and composition of the heart and surrounding tissues. The standard approach is transthoracic.Troponin: One of the minor protein components of skeletal muscle. Its function is to serve as the calcium-binding component in the troponin-tropomyosin B-actin-myosin complex by conferring calcium sensitivity to the cross-linked actin and myosin filaments.Nadroparin: A heparin fraction with a mean molecular weight of 4500 daltons. It is isolated from porcine mucosal heparin and used as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Fibrinolysis: The natural enzymatic dissolution of FIBRIN.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.Thrombolytic Therapy: Use of infusions of FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS to destroy or dissolve thrombi in blood vessels or bypass grafts.Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.Amino Alcohols: Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).Fibrinolytic Agents: Fibrinolysin or agents that convert plasminogen to FIBRINOLYSIN.Spinal Cord Stimulation: Application of electric current to the spine for treatment of a variety of conditions involving innervation from the spinal cord.Creatine Kinase, MB Form: An isoenzyme of creatine kinase found in the CARDIAC MUSCLE.Placebos: Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Death, Sudden: The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.Arrhythmias, Cardiac: Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.Heart Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.
Elevated levels of C-reactive protein at discharge in patients with unstable angina predict recurrent instability. (1/1246)
BACKGROUND: In a group of patients admitted for unstable angina, we investigated whether C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma levels remain elevated at discharge and whether persistent elevation is associated with recurrence of instability. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured plasma levels of CRP, serum amyloid A protein (SAA), fibrinogen, total cholesterol, and Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody titers in 53 patients admitted to our coronary care unit for Braunwald class IIIB unstable angina. Blood samples were taken on admission, at discharge, and after 3 months. Patients were followed for 1 year. At discharge, CRP was elevated (>3 mg/L) in 49% of patients; of these, 42% had elevated levels on admission and at 3 months. Only 15% of patients with discharge levels of CRP <3 mg/L but 69% of those with elevated CRP (P<0.001) were readmitted because of recurrence of instability or new myocardial infarction. New phases of instability occurred in 13% of patients in the lower tertile of CRP (/=8.7 mg/L, P<0.001). The prognostic value of SAA was similar to that of CRP; that of fibrinogen was not significant. Chlamydia pneumoniae but not Helicobacter pylori antibody titers significantly correlated with CRP plasma levels. CONCLUSIONS: In unstable angina, CRP may remain elevated for at >/=3 months after the waning of symptoms and is associated with recurrent instability. Elevation of acute-phase reactants in unstable angina could represent a hallmark of subclinical persistent instability or of susceptibility to recurrent instability and, at least in some patients, could be related to chronic Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. (+info)A role for changes in platelet production in the cause of acute coronary syndromes. (2/1246)
Platelets are heterogeneous with respect to their size, density, and reactivity. Large platelets are more active hemostatically, and platelet volume has been found to be increased both in patients with unstable angina and with myocardial infarction. Furthermore, platelet volume is a predictor of a further ischemic event and death when measured after myocardial infarction. Platelets which are anucleate cells with no DNA are derived from their precursor, the megakaryocyte. Therefore, it is suggested that changes in platelet size are determined at thrombopoiesis in the megakaryocyte and that those changes might precede acute cardiac events. Understanding of the signaling system that controls platelet production may also further elucidate the cascade of events leading to acute vascular occlusion in some patients. (+info)Cardioprotection by opening of the K(ATP) channel in unstable angina. Is this a clinical manifestation of myocardial preconditioning? Results of a randomized study with nicorandil. CESAR 2 investigation. Clinical European studies in angina and revascularization. (3/1246)
AIMS: To assess the anti-ischaemic and anti-arrhythmic effects and overall safety of nicorandil, an ATP sensitive potassium (K+) channel opener, with 'cardioprotective' effects, in patients with unstable angina. METHODS: In a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study, oral nicorandil 20 mg twice daily or a matching placebo was administered for a minimum of 48 h to patients admitted with unstable angina. Treatment was standardized to include, where tolerated, oral aspirin, a beta-blocker and diltiazem. Continuous Holter ECG monitoring was performed for 48 h to assess the frequency and duration of transient myocardial ischaemia and any tachyarrhythmia, as the predefined end-points of the study. A pain chart recorded the incidence and severity of chest pain throughout the study period. Patients with myocardial infarction identified retrospectively from troponin-T analysis were excluded. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-five patients were recruited into the study. Forty-three patients were excluded with an index diagnosis of myocardial infarction, two were not randomized and 12 had unsatisfactory tape data. In the remaining 188 patients, six out of 89 patients (6.7%) on nicorandil experienced an arrhythmia, compared with 17 out of 99 patients (17.2%) on placebo (P=0.04). Three nicorandil patients experienced three runs of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia compared to 31 runs in 10 patients on placebo (P=0.087 patients; P<0.0001 runs). Three nicorandil patients had four runs of supraventricular tachycardia, compared to 15 runs in nine patients on placebo (P=0.14 patients; P=0.017 runs). Eleven (12.4%) patients on nicorandil had 37 episodes of transient myocardial ischaemia (mostly silent) compared with 74 episodes in 21 (21.2%) patients on placebo (P=0.12 patients; P=0.0028 episodes). In the overall safety analysis, which included all patients who received at least one dose of study medication, there were no significant differences in the rates of myocardial infarction or death between the nicorandil or placebo-treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nicorandil, added to aggressive anti-anginal treatment for unstable angina, reduces transient myocardial ischaemia, non-sustained ventricular, and supraventricular arrhythmia compared to placebo. The anti-arrhythmic activity with nicorandil is probably a secondary effect resulting from its anti-ischaemic action and we suggest that this may be related to its effect on the ATP sensitive potassium channel causing pharmacological preconditioning. (+info)Platelet activation in patients after an acute coronary syndrome: results from the TIMI-12 trial. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction. (4/1246)
This study was designed to determine the magnitude and time course of platelet activation during therapy of acute coronary syndromes with an oral platelet antagonist. BACKGROUND: Platelet activation and aggregation are central to the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, few data are available on levels of platelet activation over time in patients with ACS, especially in the setting of chronic glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibition. METHODS: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 12 trial was a phase II, double-blind trial evaluating the effects of sibrafiban, an oral, selective antagonist of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in patients stabilized after an ACS. A subset of 90 of the 329 patients in the study had measurement of platelet activation as assessed by the expression of platelet associated P-Selectin on days 0, 7 and 28. Platelet activation was measured in blood samples that were fixed either immediately (spontaneous activation) or after 5 minute incubation with 0, 1 microM or 5 microM ADP in order to assess platelet responsiveness to very low or moderate stimulation. RESULTS: At baseline there was a significant elevation of spontaneous platelet activation as compared to samples obtained from normal donors or from patients who did not have acute coronary syndromes (ACS patients 27.6+/-18.7%, Normal controls 8.5+/-4.4%, Patient controls 10.9+/-7.1%, p < 0.005 for both). In addition, there was a significant decrease in the levels of platelet activation with time during the 28 days of treatment with sibrafiban. Nevertheless, even on day 28, the TIMI-12 patients continued to show elevated platelet activation in comparison to the control groups (p < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that platelets remain activated long after clinical stabilization post ACS. Although platelet activation decreased after one month of oral GPIIb/IIIa inhibition, levels remained higher than normal, suggesting the need for long-term antiplatelet therapy following ACS. (+info)Does coronary artery morphology predict favorable results of intracoronary thrombolysis in patients with unstable angina pectoris? (5/1246)
The efficacy of intracoronary thrombolysis (ICT) for unstable angina pectoris (UAP) has been limited, despite the similar pathogenesis between UAP and acute myocardial infarction. To ascertain the subset of UAP suitable for ICT, the clinical responses to ICT were assessed in patients with UAP. Eighty-2 patients with medically refractory angina were divided into 2 groups according to the coronary artery morphology of the culprit lesion before ICT: (1) lesions with acute cut off and/or filling defects (AC) and (2) lesions with a tapered shape (TA). The TIMI flow grade was determined from coronary angiograms before and immediately after ICT. The diameter stenosis (%DS) and minimal lumen diameter (MLD) of the culprit lesion were determined using quantitative coronary angiographic analysis before and immediately after ICT. In addition, inhospital cardiac event rates including urgent/emergency coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery, nonfatal myocardial infarction or cardiac death were compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using 13 clinical factors contributing to successful ICT. The results showed that all 3 coronary angiographic parameters (TIMI flow, %DS, and MLD) significantly improved in the AC group (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), whereas none of these parameters improved in the TA group. The inhospital cardiac event rate after ICT was significantly higher in the TA group (76%) than in the AC group (48%; p=0.016). Odds ratio predicting successful ICT was 7.09 (p<0.01) for the AC lesion, and 2.54 (p<0.01) for new angina. In conclusion the AC lesions are more commonly associated with coronary thrombosis that responds to ICT than are the TA lesions. Thus, the coronary angiographic morphology may be an important predictor for a successful ICT in patients with medically refractory UAP. (+info)Coronary artery stenting in unstable angina pectoris: a comparison with stable angina pectoris. (6/1246)
OBJECTIVE: To compare early complication rates in unselected cases of coronary artery stenting in patients with stable v unstable angina. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS: 390 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and 306 with unstable angina (UAP). Patients treated for acute myocardial infarction (primary angioplasty) or cardiogenic shock were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: 268 coronary stents were attempted in 211 patients (30.3%). Stents used included AVE (63%), Freedom (14%), NIR (7%), Palmaz-Schatz (5%), JO (5%), and Multilink (4%). Intravascular ultrasound was not used in any of the cases. All stented patients were treated with ticlopidine and aspirin together with periprocedural unfractionated heparin. RESULTS: 123 stents were successfully deployed in 99 SAP patients v 132 stents in 103 UAP patients. Failed deployment occurred with nine stents in SAP patients, v four in UAP patients (NS). Stent thrombosis occurred in four SAP patients and 11 UAP patients. Multivariate analysis showed no relation between stent thrombosis and clinical presentation (SAP v UAP), age, sex, target vessel, stent length, or make of stent. Stent thrombosis was associated with small vessel size (p < 0.001) and bailout stenting (p = 0.01) compared with elective stenting and stenting for suboptimal PTCA, with strong trends toward smaller stent diameter (p = 0.052) and number of stents deployed (p = 0.06). Most stent thromboses occurred in vessels < 3 mm diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery stenting in unstable angina is safe in vessels >/= 3 mm diameter, with comparable initial success and stent thrombosis rates to stenting in stable angina. (+info)Treatment with the antibiotic roxithromycin in patients with acute non-Q-wave coronary syndromes. The final report of the ROXIS Study. (7/1246)
AIMS: Mounting evidence suggests infection, specifically Chlamydia pneumoniae, plays a role in atherosclerosis. We tested whether antibiotic treatment with the macrolide roxithromycin improves clinical outcome in patients with acute non-Q-wave coronary syndromes. Preliminary reports revealed a reduction in events in the roxithromycin group at 30 days. We now report the long-term follow-up results. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-four per cent of the initial 202 patients with unstable angina who were randomly assigned to receive either roxithromycin or placebo for 30 days completed the active treatment period. At day 30, the primary triple and double end-point rates were 9% and 4% in the placebo group compared to 2% and 0% in the roxithromycin group (unadjusted P = 0.032 and 0.058, respectively). The secondary triple and double end-point rates were again higher in the placebo group at day 90 (12.5% and 6.25% vs 4.37% and 0%, unadjusted P = 0.065 and 0.029, respectively), and at day 180 (14.6% and 7.29% vs 8.69% and 2.17%, unadjusted P = 0.259 and 0.17, respectively). Anti-C, pneumoniae IgG titres were unchanged in both groups while C-reactive protein levels decreased in both strategies, with a more significant decrease in the roxithromycin arm (P = 0.03). Elevated C-reactive protein levels predicted the need for revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot trial, roxithromycin appears to extend the clinical benefit of preventing death and re-infarction for at least 6 months after initial treatment. (+info)Diagnostic marker cooperative study for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. (8/1246)
BACKGROUND: Millions of patients present annually with chest pain, but only 10% to 15% have myocardial infarction. Lack of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of clinical and conventional markers prevents or delays treatment and leads to unnecessary costly admissions. Comparative data are lacking on the new markers, yet using all of them is inappropriate and expensive. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Diagnostic Marker Cooperative Study was a prospective, multicenter, double-blind study with consecutive enrollment of patients with chest pain presenting to the emergency department. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and frequency of increase in patients with unstable angina were determined for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) subforms, myoglobin, total CK-MB (activity and mass), and troponin T and I on the basis of frequent serial sampling for +info)Preoperative use is suggested for high-risk patients such as those with unstable angina with stenosis greater than 70% of main ... Unstable angina pectoris benefits from counterpulsation. Post cardiothoracic surgery-most common and useful is counterpulsation ...
Clinical guideline cg94: Unstable angina and NSTEMI. London, 2010. "UOTW #36 - Ultrasound of the Week". Ultrasound of the Week ... Unlike other causes of acute coronary syndromes, such as unstable angina, a myocardial infarction occurs when there is cell ... Plaques can become unstable, rupture, and additionally promote the formation of a blood clot that blocks the artery; this can ... Spasm of coronary arteries, such as Prinzmetal's angina may cause blockage. If impaired blood flow to the heart lasts long ...
Unstable cardiovascular status (angina, recent myocardial infarction, etc.). *Thoracic, abdominal, or cerebral aneurysms ...
... and unstable angina. Relief of the pain of angina is of paramount importance, not only for humane reasons but because the pain ... Unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction". In Bonow RO; Mann DL; Zipes DP; Libby P. Braunwald's heart disease ... The principal symptom is typically chest pain, known as angina pectoris; people who present with angina must prompt evaluation ... the latter includes unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Treatment is generally more aggressive ...
His team discovered the presence of small, partially occlusive blood clots in patients with unstable angina (now called acute ... Cohen M, Fuster V (1990). "Insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms of unstable angina". Haemostasis. 20 (Suppl 1): 102-12. " ...
They are not used in the treatment of unstable angina . In vitro, they dilate the coronary and peripheral arteries and have ... An antianginal is any drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease. Drugs used are ... Nifedipine is more a potent vasodilator and more effective in angina. It is in the class of dihydropyridines and does not ... Short-acting nitrates are used to abort angina attacks that have occurred, while longer-acting nitrates are used in the ...
Unstable angina. *Refractory ventricular tachycardia. *Assessment of respiratory distress *Cardiogenic vs non-cardiogenic ...
"The TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina/Non-ST Elevation MI", JAMA, 2000 Antman, Elliott M.; Cohen, Marc; Bernink, Peter J. L. ... which assess the risk of death and ischemic events in patients experiencing unstable angina (UA) or a non-ST elevation ... "The TIMI Risk Score for Unstable Angina/Non-ST Elevation MI". JAMA. 284 (7): 835-42. doi:10.1001/jama.284.7.835. ISSN 0098-7484 ... At least 2 angina episodes within the last 24hrs ST changes of at least 0.5mm in contiguous leads Elevated serum cardiac ...
... "crescendo angina"). New-onset angina is also considered unstable angina, since it suggests a new problem in a coronary artery. ... In contrast with stable angina, unstable angina occurs suddenly, often at rest or with minimal exertion, or at lesser degrees ... Pollack CV, Sites FD, Shofer FS, Sease KL, Hollander JE (2006). "Application of the TIMI risk score for unstable angina and non ... The patient may still have suffered a "non-ST elevation MI" (NSTEMI). The accepted management of unstable angina and acute ...
This is usually repeated every 8 to 12 weeks Contraindications: unstable angina; within 6 months of myocardial infarction; ...
First described by Hein J. J. Wellens and colleagues in 1982 in a subgroup of patients with unstable angina, it does not seem ... March 1989). "Angiographic and clinical characteristics of patients with unstable angina showing an ECG pattern indicating ... coronary artery stenosis in patients with unstable angina. It is characterized by symmetrical, often deep (>2 mm), T wave ... "Anatomic and prognostic significance of new T-wave inversion in unstable angina". American Journal of Cardiology. 52 (1): 14-18 ...
Stable or unstable angina. *Myocardial infarction ("heart attack") - People usually complained of a pressure or squeezing ... Prinzmetal's angina - Chest pain is caused by coronary vasospasm. More common in women younger than 50 years. Person usually ... Cardiac chest pain is called angina pectoris. Some causes of noncardiac chest pain include gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, ...
Angina that changes in intensity, character or frequency is termed unstable. Unstable angina may precede myocardial infarction ... Stable angina[edit]. Main article: Angina pectoris. In "stable" angina, chest pain with typical features occurring at ... refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.[ ... "unstable angina" is used. This process usually necessitates hospital admission and close observation on a coronary care unit ...
"Detection of silent myocardial ischemia in asymptomatic selected population and in unstable angina". Advances in cardiology. 37 ...
Angina that changes in intensity, character or frequency is termed unstable. Unstable angina may precede myocardial infarction ... refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. ... "unstable angina" is used. This process usually necessitates admission to hospital, and close observation on a coronary care ... "ACC/AHA guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ...
It is also used in the treatment of heart attacks and unstable angina. It is given by injection into a vein. Other uses include ...
For example, the IP agonist iloprost is contraindicated in patients with unstable angina; decompensated cardiac failure (unless ... However, PGI2 is very unstable, spontaneously converting to a far less active derivative 6-keto-PGF1 alpha within 1 minute of ...
Variant angina - it is effective owing to its direct effects on coronary dilation. Unstable angina (preinfarction, crescendo ... The drug is indicated for angina: Stable angina (exercise-induced) - diltiazem increases coronary blood flow and decreases ... Each of these effects results in reduced oxygen consumption by the heart, reducing angina symptoms. These effects also reduce ... angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia. It relaxes the smooth muscles in the walls of arteries, which opens (dilates) ...
These units typically serve patients who require cardiac telemetry, such as those with unstable angina. Coronary care units ... As arrhythmias are relatively common in this group, patients with myocardial infarction or unstable angina are routinely ... unstable angina, cardiac dysrhythmia and (in practice) various other cardiac conditions that require continuous monitoring and ...
"Plasma N terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiotrophin 1 are raised in unstable angina". Heart. 84 (4): 421-4. doi: ...
A rapid rise in blood levels can be seen in myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Other enzymes related to glycogen ...
"Elevated levels of C-reactive protein at discharge in patients with unstable angina predict recurrent instability". Institute ...
... arterial endothelial function in patients with unstable angina". The Indian journal of medical research. 129 (3): 279-84. PMID ...
Absolute contraindications to cardiac stress test include: Acute myocardial infarction within 48 hours Unstable angina not yet ... responsible for recurrent symptoms of angina. Unstable atheroma produces "vulnerable plaques" hidden within the walls of ... Limitation in blood flow to the left ventricle can lead to recurrent angina pectoris. Cardiac steal syndrome Harvard step test ...
"2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial ... "2012 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial ... "ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of ... Critical issues in the evaluation and management of patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina". Annals of ...
... although abdominal drains may be placed in very unstable infants as a temporizing measure. Surgery may require a colostomy, ...
Unstable angina is a condition in which your heart doesnt get enough blood flow and oxygen. It may lead to a heart attack. ... New-onset angina; Angina - unstable; Progressive angina; CAD - unstable angina; Coronary artery disease - unstable angina; ... Unstable angina is chest pain that is sudden and often gets worse over a short period of time. You may be developing unstable ... Unstable angina is a warning sign that a heart attack may happen soon and needs to be treated right away. See your health care ...
Unstable angina belongs to the spectrum of clinical presentations referred to collectively as acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), ... encoded search term (Unstable%20Angina) and Unstable Angina What to Read Next on Medscape. Medscape Consult. ... Unstable Angina Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Dec 26, 2017 * Author: Walter Tan, MD, MS; Chief Editor: Eric H Yang, MD more ... Be aware that unstable angina can infrequently coexist or concurrently present with the following:. * Aortic dissection with ...
Unstable angina?. My chest pains started up again about 2 months ago after 9 months without. I had one really bad attack, but ...
The pathophysiology of unstable angina is controversial. Until recently, unstable angina was assumed to be angina pectoris ... "unstable angina" at Dorlands Medical Dictionary Wiviott, S. D.; Braunwald, E (2004). "Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment ... the concept of unstable angina is being questioned with some calling for retiring the term altogether. Unstable angina is ... Unstable angina (UA) is a type of angina pectoris that is irregular. It is also classified as a type of acute coronary syndrome ...
Unstable angina belongs to the spectrum of clinical presentations referred to collectively as acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), ... Unstable angina and NSTEMI: the early management of unstable angina and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. London ... and death in unstable angina varies because of the broad clinical spectrum that is covered by the term unstable angina. The ... nearly 1 million hospitalized patients have a primary diagnosis of unstable angina. A similar number of unstable angina ...
unstable angina Unstable angina or sometimes referred to as acute coronary syndrome causes unexpected chest pain, and usually ...
The exact cause of her ongoing unstable angina was uncertain but may have reflected either ... A 55-year-old woman developed unstable angina following an episode of severe anaphylaxis which was treated with 0.5 mg ... Angina, Unstable / etiology*. Coronary Vasospasm / etiology. Epinephrine / administration & dosage*. Female. Food ... A 55-year-old woman developed unstable angina following an episode of severe anaphylaxis which was treated with 0.5 mg ...
Explains MI and angina differences. Offers prevention tips. Covers diagnostic tests and treatment with medicines and surgery. ... and unstable angina. Discusses symptoms like chest pain or pressure. ...
... or unstable angina.. Angioscopic studies have revealed that the thrombus responsible for unstable angina is more commonly white ... secondary unstable angina. Most frequently, unstable angina is caused by coronary plaques that have undergone repeated phases ... correlate with the clinical severity of unstable angina.7 The plaque morphology in patients with higher grades of unstable ... "24 in unstable angina may therefore reflect the presence of an unstable plaque containing platelet-rich thrombus in the ...
Effect of stopping smoking after unstable angina and myocardial infarction Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 288 :146 ... Effect of stopping smoking after unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 288 doi: https://doi. ...
Also known as: Angina Pectoris, Unstable / Unstable Angina Pectoris / Unstable Angina (UA) / Angina, Unstable / Unstable Angina ... Accelerated angina / Intermediate coronary syndrome / Angina pectoris unstable / Angina at rest / Crescendo angina / Angina ... in the management of unstable angina (UA) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI); and in the management of ...
... and unstable angina. Discusses symptoms like chest pain or pressure. Explains MI and angina differences. Offers prevention tips ... Unstable angina. Unstable angina symptoms are similar to a heart attack. Call 911 or other emergency services immediately if ... What is angina, and why is unstable angina a concern?. Angina (say "ANN-juh-nuh" or "ann-JY-nuh") is a symptom of coronary ... Unstable angina means that your symptoms have changed from your typical pattern of stable angina. Your symptoms do not happen ...
Unstable angina and NSTEMI: early management [CG94]. Measuring the use of this guidance. Recommendation: 1.5.1. Offer coronary ... Perform angiography as soon as possible for patients who are clinically unstable or at high ischaemic risk. ...
... unstable angina patient,/b, and gave me medicines to be used for 6 months, which I am using continuously, but I am feeling ... after doing angiography my doctor diagnosed that I am an unstable angina patient and gave me medicines to be used for 6 months ... Home » Frequently asked Questions on Health » Unstable angina. Unstable angina. Answered by: Dr U Kaul , Director,. Director of ...
The recurrence of angina soon after myocardial infarction is not uncommon and represents areas of viable myocardium at risk ... Angina Pectoris / therapy*. Angina, Unstable / physiopathology, therapy*. Angioplasty, Balloon. Anticoagulants / therapeutic ... The recurrence of angina soon after myocardial infarction is not uncommon and represents areas of viable myocardium at risk ...
Drug-Eluting Balloon in Stable and Unstable Angina (DEBUT). The safety and scientific validity of this study is the ... Angina, Unstable. Heart Diseases. Cardiovascular Diseases. Arteriosclerosis. Arterial Occlusive Diseases. Vascular Diseases. ... Drug-Eluting Balloon in Stable and Unstable Angina: a Randomized Controlled Non-inferiority Trial. ... Stable angina or dyspnea and a coronary narrowing causing myocardial ischemia detected in the angiogram. Ischemia is documented ...
People want answers to the question what is angina... ... Many sufferers of chest pain have asked what is angina and the ... There are two common types of angina, stable or unstable angina. Whether you experience stable or unstable angina the overall ... Unstable angina pain usually signals a possible heart attack. If you suspect stable or unstable angina it is best to have the ... Normally stable angina disappears when the person lies down and rests for a period of time. Unstable angina, however, is ...
Unstable angina. Unstable angina is a change in your usual pattern of stable angina. Your symptoms do not happen at a ... Unstable angina happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly slowed by narrowed vessels or small blood clots that form in ... Unstable angina is an emergency. It may mean that you are having a heart attack. ... For example, you may feel angina when you are resting. Your symptoms may be more frequent, severe, or longer-lasting than your ...
... Xuelan Qiu, ... Xuelan Qiu, Andrew Miles, Xuehua Jiang, Xin Sun, and Nan Yang, "Sulfotanshinone Sodium Injection for Unstable Angina Pectoris: ...
... unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) undergo coronary angiography and revascularization during the index ... Unstable angina (UA) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are part of the continuum of acute coronary syndrome ( ... In unstable angina or non-ST-segment acute coronary syndrome, should patients with multivessel coronary artery disease undergo ... Coronary angiography and revascularization for unstable angina or non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. Authors. ...
... Treatment Overview. Angioplasty gets blood flowing back to the heart. It ... Only small areas of the heart are at risk, and you do not have disabling angina symptoms. ... Have frequent or severe angina that is not responding to medicine and lifestyle changes. ...
Late Results Following Emergency Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafting For Unstable Angina. LAWRENCE I. BONCHEK, SHAHBUDIN H. ... Late Results Following Emergency Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafting For Unstable Angina. LAWRENCE I. BONCHEK, SHAHBUDIN H. ... Late Results Following Emergency Saphenous Vein Bypass Grafting For Unstable Angina. LAWRENCE I. BONCHEK, SHAHBUDIN H. ... after extended follow-up indicate that emergency saphenous vein bypass grafting is an effective therapy for unstable angina. ...
The long-term treatment of angina depends on the severity of the coronary artery disease, the condition of ... ... Unstable Angina Long-Term Care. The long-term treatment of angina depends on the severity of the coronary artery disease, the ... PubMed Unstable Angina References *Abrams J. Clinical practice. Chronic stable angina. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 16;352(24):2524- ... Continue to Unstable Angina Diet Last Updated: Nov 7, 2007 References Authors: Stephen J. Schueler, MD; John H. Beckett, MD; D ...
Explains MI and angina differences. Offers prevention tips. Covers diagnostic tests and treatment with medicines and surgery. ... and unstable angina. Discusses symptoms like chest pain or pressure. ... Unstable angina. Unstable angina symptoms are similar to a heart attack.. Call 911 or other emergency services immediately if ... What is angina, and why is unstable angina a concern?. Angina (say "ANN-juh-nuh" or "ann-JY-nuh") is a symptom of coronary ...
Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, McCabe CH, Horacek T, Papuchis G. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: ... ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of ... Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable Angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin Therapy. N Engl J Med. 1998 Aug 13. ... FDA approves Praluent (alirocumab) to prevent heart attack, stroke and unstable angina requiring hospitalization [press release ...
NSTEMIChestRefractory anginaAcute coronaryAtherosclerosisCardiacShortness of breHeparinAbstractTypes of anginaCrescendoInvasivePrognosisRevascularizationSymptoms of anginaCoronary syndromeSyndromePathogenesis of unstableOccursSmith's ECG BlogPlateletOnsetAnticoagulantsAtherosclerotic plaqueBrought on by exertionPeople with unstable anginaClopidogrelArteriesPatients with stable and unstableChronic
- It can be difficult to distinguish unstable angina from non-ST elevation (non-Q wave) myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). (wikipedia.org)
- Unstable angina belongs to the spectrum of clinical presentations referred to collectively as acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), which range from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to non-STEMI (NSTEMI). (medscape.com)
- Unstable angina (UA) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are part of the continuum of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which also includes ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). (uptodate.com)
- Which patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina and NSTEMI) should receive anticoagulant therapy? (medscape.com)
- Unstable angina is a form of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) along with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST elevation MI (STEMI). (visualdx.com)
- Either outcome can lead to complete obstruction of the vessel with cardiac myocyte damage and changes to the ECG (consistent with STEMI) or transient or incomplete obstruction of the vessel with or without myocyte damage or ECG changes, which would be consistent with NSTEMI or unstable angina. (visualdx.com)
- This guideline covers treatments for people aged 18 and over with unstable angina (recurring chest pain) or a type of heart attack called non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- It recommends that as soon as NSTEMI or unstable angina is diagnosed, healthcare professionals assess people for risk of more serious heart problems in the future to guide their treatment. (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- Their place in the routine investigation of patients admitted with unstable angina and NSTEMI (particularly those who have not undergone angiography), as opposed to their selective use, is not clear. (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- Management of unstable angina and NSTEMI would be enhanced if the relative place of these investigations was better understood and an assessment of their cost effectiveness made. (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- What is the clinical and cost effectiveness of the systematic use of risk scoring systems (in addition to clinical assessment) for ischaemic outcomes and bleeding complications in the management of unstable angina and NSTEMI (at all levels of risk) compared with clinical assessment alone? (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- For patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI (at differing levels of risk), how do clinical outcome data (adverse cardiovascular events and bleeding complications) collected in cardiac registries compare with data derived from randomised clinical trials (RCTs). (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- Often there is uncertainty about how the outcome data from RCTs can be applied to the much larger unselected population of patients admitted to UK hospitals with unstable angina or NSTEMI. (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- Collection of well-validated registry data is essential if conclusions from RCTs are to be applied appropriately to all patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI, not just to patients who are comparable to trial populations. (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- What is angina and NSTEMI? (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- This guideline addresses the early management of unstable angina and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) once a firm diagnosis has been made and before discharge from hospital. (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- Early Invasive Therapy or Conservative Management for Unstable Angina or NSTEMI? (aafp.org)
- How effective is early invasive treatment of patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) compared with conservative management? (aafp.org)
- Compared with conservative management, early invasive treatment of patients with UA or NSTEMI using coronary angiography with or without revascularization reduces rehospitalization and refractory angina within the first year and significantly reduces mortality and myocardial infarction at two to five years. (aafp.org)
- In patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI), two strategies are possible. (aafp.org)
- Do heparins (i.e., low-molecular-weight heparin [LMWH] and unfractionated heparin [UFH]) benefit patients with unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)? (aafp.org)
- Acute coronary syndrome represents a spectrum of disease that includes unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). (aafp.org)
- Despite treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and nitroglycerin, unstable angina or NSTEMI are still associated with significant morbidity and mortality. (aafp.org)
- Randomized controlled trials of parenteral UFH or LMWH versus placebo in persons with acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina or NSTEMI). (aafp.org)
- Considerable attention has been given to the use of anticoagulants in conservative and invasive management of unstable angina or NSTEMI. (aafp.org)
- Adults with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina are assessed for their risk of future adverse cardiovascular events using an established risk scoring system that predicts 6-month mortality to guide clinical management. (nice.org.uk)
- Assessing and categorising risk of future adverse cardiovascular events by formal risk assessment (for example, using the GRACE scoring system) in people who have been diagnosed with NSTEMI or unstable angina is important for determining early management strategies. (nice.org.uk)
- Proportion of presentations for NSTEMI or unstable angina that had an assessment of the risk of future adverse cardiovascular events using an established risk scoring system that predicts 6-month mortality. (nice.org.uk)
- Denominator - the number of presentations because of NSTEMI or unstable angina. (nice.org.uk)
- Commissioners (clinical commissioning groups) ensure that they commission services with staff with the expertise to assess the risk of future adverse cardiovascular events in adults with NSTEMI or unstable angina using established risk scoring systems that predict 6-month mortality to guide clinical management. (nice.org.uk)
- Adults with heart conditions called NSTEMI and unstable angina have their risk of another heart attack estimated to guide their treatment. (nice.org.uk)
- Unstable angina and NSTEMI (NICE clinical guideline 94) recommendations 1.2.1 and 1.2.4. (nice.org.uk)
- Between them, non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes, a group comprising unstable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), account for at least 120 000 admissions to UK hospitals each year 2 and carry a prognosis that is far from benign. (bmj.com)
- 3 Similarly, in the OASIS registry that included nearly 8000 patients with unstable angina and NSTEMI the rates for equivalent end points was 10.1% and 22% respectively. (bmj.com)
- Patients with unstable angina/non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI) (UA/NSTEMI) present with a wide spectrum of risk for death and cardiac ischemic events. (nih.gov)
- PARSIPPANY, N.J. and INDIANAPOLIS, March 29, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Oral antiplatelet therapy Effient® (prasugrel) has been added to the updated clinical practice guidelines as a Class I recommended treatment option for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after experiencing heart-related chest pain at rest (unstable angina) or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). (bio-medicine.org)
- The new guidelines issued by the ACCF and AHA recognize Effient as an important treatment option for the population of ACS patients who receive PCI with or without a stent after experiencing unstable angina or NSTEMI, which is a type of heart attack that that does not need to be treated with emergent opening of a blocked coronary artery," said LeRoy LeNarz, MD, senior medical director, Cardiovascular, Eli Lilly and Company. (bio-medicine.org)
- In patients ≥ 80 years of age with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) or unstable angina, what is the effect of an invasive compared with a conservative strategy on cardiovascular outcomes? (annals.org)
- METHODS: This was a retrospective, registry-based analysis (SWEDEHEART) including 3204 unstable patients, 18,194 non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients, and 977 controls without acute cardiovascular disease. (diva-portal.org)
- Only 1239 unstable angina patients (39.7%) had a peak cTnT level = 14 ng/L. Patients with unstable angina tended to be younger than those with NSTEMI but had higher prevalence of most cardiovascular risk factors and more advanced coronary artery disease. (diva-portal.org)
- Minor cTnT elevation is common, which makes unstable angina difficult to distinguish from NSTEMI. (diva-portal.org)
- In patients with unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), is initial management with an invasive strategy better than a conservative strategy? (acpjc.org)
- The latter include patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), who, by definition, have evidence of myocyte necrosis, and those with unstable angina (UA), who do not. (mhmedical.com)
- The optimal therapy of patients presenting with unstable angina with or without enzyme rise but without ST elevation ( UA / NSTEMI ) is still debatable. (oxfordmedicine.com)
- The term acute coronary syndrome encompasses the complete spectrum of clinical syndromes characterised by acute coronary ischaemia and includes unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). (radcliffecardiology.com)
- Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) represent a continuum of interrelated diseases including unstable angina (UA), non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). (neurologyadvisor.com)
- Angina is a type of chest discomfort caused by poor blood flow through the blood vessels (coronary vessels) of the heart muscle (myocardium). (medlineplus.gov)
- With stable angina, the chest pain or other symptoms only occur with a certain amount of activity or stress. (medlineplus.gov)
- Unstable angina is chest pain that is sudden and often gets worse over a short period of time. (medlineplus.gov)
- In one study, the unintentional failure to recognize or hospitalize patients with myocardial infarction or unstable angina occurred in an average of 2.2 per 100 patients presenting to the emergency department with a chest pain syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Unstable angina or sometimes referred to as acute coronary syndrome causes unexpected chest pain, and usually occurs while resting. (heart.org)
- Symptoms of angina include chest pain or pressure, or a strange feeling in the chest. (cigna.com)
- I had been treated as a heart patient after having chest pain 6 months ago, after doing angiography my doctor diagnosed that I am an unstable angina patient and gave me medicines to be used for 6 months, which I am using continuously, but I am feeling breathing problem - shortage of breath sometimes. (ndtv.com)
- Many sufferers of chest pain have asked what is angina and the symptoms of angina attack . (nutralegacy.com)
- Angina can be described as a squeezing and compressing chest pain that occurs when there is tightness in the heart muscle. (nutralegacy.com)
- The angina medication can provide relief from the chest pain and eliminate the progression of a heart attack in the event of unstable angina. (nutralegacy.com)
- The primary symptom of unstable angina is severe chest pain, but pain may also be experienced in the shoulders, neck, back, and arms . (belmarrahealth.com)
- Other differences in symptoms of unstable angina compared to stable angina is that the chest pain begins to feel different, more severe, more reoccurring, lasts longer than 15 to 20 minutes, occurs without a cause, does not respond to medications, and appears with a drop in blood pressure and shortness of breath. (belmarrahealth.com)
- The typical symptom of angina is a chest pressure or pain that radiates to the left arm, back, jaw or neck. (ada.com)
- Angina is a type of chest discomfort or pain due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels (coronary vessels) of the heart muscle (myocardium). (stlukes-stl.com)
- ACS, which includes heart attack and a type of chest pain called unstable angina, affects more than one million people in the United States annually. (bio-medicine.org)
- The cardinal symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD) is angina, which classically presents as a squeezing or strangulating deep chest discomfort that may radiate to the arm or jaw. (vidyya.com)
- What are the immediate clinical and electrocardiographic characteristics that are independently associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with either chest pain that raises suspicion of cardiac ischemia or diagnosed unstable angina? (vidyya.com)
- Angina is the medical name for chest pain caused by inadequate oxygen to certain areas of the heart muscle. (ehow.co.uk)
- Angina is chest pain, discomfort, or tightness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- It may present in the form of an angina attack, pain, or discomfort in the chest that typically lasts from 1 to 15 minutes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Angina is a chest pain linked to heart disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Angina is a feeling of pain, tightness, pressure, or discomfort in and around your chest. (kramesonline.com)
- The lower amount of oxygen can cause the chest pain of angina. (kramesonline.com)
- Unstable angina is described as chest pain that occurs unpredictably even at rest. (kramesonline.com)
- Angina is a heart condition that is typically manifested as chest pain and is more of a symptom of an underlying condition than a disease in itself. (news-medical.net)
- Arteriosclerosis of the arteries that supply heart muscles called the coronary arteries thus gives rise to symptoms of chest pain termed angina. (news-medical.net)
- Angina is manifested as a dull, aching, tightness or heavy weight like feeling over the chest. (news-medical.net)
- Angina is the medical term meaning chest pain. (answers.com)
- angina has to do with chest/heart, cataract has to do with the eye. (answers.com)
- Angina is one of the serious causes of chest pain. (answers.com)
- The most common symptom of angina is chest pain, which is usually triggered by physical activity. (hse.ie)
- The most common symptom of angina is a feeling of pain or discomfort in your chest. (hse.ie)
- Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by a lack of oxygen reaching the heart muscle, usually caused by narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. (mydr.com.au)
- Some people experience angina pain in only one of these areas and not in the chest at all. (mydr.com.au)
- Women often report these symptoms, with or without the typical angina chest pain. (mydr.com.au)
- You should see a doctor if you experience chest discomfort or other symptoms associated with angina for the first time, or if you have known angina and your symptoms change. (mydr.com.au)
- Angina is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. (heart-disease-treatments.com)
- Also called Prinzmetal's angina, it is a spasm in a coronary artery, temporarily narrowing it and thus reducing blood flow to the heart, causing chest pain. (heart-disease-treatments.com)
- Chest Pains, is it a Heart Attack, Angina or Gerd? (healthlinkusa.com)
- A typical presentation of stable angina is that of chest discomfort and associated symptoms precipitated by some activity (running, walking, etc.) with minimal or non-existent symptoms at rest or after administration of sublingual nitroglycerin. (wikipedia.org)
- Cardiac syndrome X, sometimes known as microvascular angina is characterized by angina-like chest pain, in the context of normal epicardial coronary arteries (the largest vessels on the surface of the heart, prior to significant branching) on angiography. (wikipedia.org)
- At 4 months, 86 (9.6%) of 895 patients in the intervention group had died or had a myocardial infarction or refractory angina, compared with 133 (14.5%) of 915 patients in the conservative group (risk ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.51-0.85, p=0.001). (nih.gov)
- This difference was mainly due to a halving of refractory angina in the intervention group. (nih.gov)
- 3 This is particularly true in high risk patients, i.e. those with features such as refractory angina , haemodynamic or electrical instability, marked enzyme rise, or dynamic ST-T changes. (oxfordmedicine.com)
- Refractory angina seems to be the strongest predictor of acute myocardial infarction or death, but this marker is not available at admission, preventing an early assessment of risk [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Basra SS, Virani SS, Paniagua D, Kar B, Jneid H. Acute coronary syndromes: unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. (medscape.com)
- See 'Initial evaluation and management of suspected acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction, unstable angina) in the emergency department' and 'Overview of the acute management of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes' . (uptodate.com)
- The term 'acute coronary syndromes' encompasses a range of conditions from unstable angina to ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), arising from thrombus formation on an atheromatous plaque. (rcplondon.ac.uk)
- Patients with ischemic heart disease fall into two large groups: patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) who most commonly present with stable angina ( Chap. 293 ) and patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). (mhmedical.com)
- Thrombosis after the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque often precipitates the acute coronary syndromes of unstable angina and myocardial infarction. (ovid.com)
- Studies, including the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE), suggest that microvascular angina is part of the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease, perhaps explaining the higher rates of angina in women than in men, as well as their predilection towards ischemia and acute coronary syndromes in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Coronary artery disease due to atherosclerosis is the most common cause of unstable angina. (medlineplus.gov)
- Hardening and narrowing of the heart blood vessels due to atherosclerosis is the most common cause of stable angina. (ada.com)
- Unstable angina is common clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. (vixra.org)
- If we know the etiology of unstable angina as well as atherosclerosis better, we can have better methods to control and prevent this detrimental illness. (vixra.org)
- Angina is caused by arteriosclerosis or atherosclerosis that causes hardening and narrowing of the coronary arteries. (news-medical.net)
- Most cases of angina are caused by atherosclerosis, which is a condition where the arteries become hardened and narrower, restricting the supply of blood. (hse.ie)
- What differentiates stable angina from unstable angina (other than symptoms) is the pathophysiology of the atherosclerosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Fifty percent of people with unstable angina will have evidence of necrosis of the heart's muscular cells based on elevated cardiac serum markers such as creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK)-MB and troponin T or I, and thus have a diagnosis of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. (wikipedia.org)
- Particularly, cardiac-specific troponin T and troponin I have been shown to represent the best predictors of early risk in patients with angina at rest. (ahajournals.org)
- ACS, including unstable angina, is most commonly caused by a cascade of chronic inflammatory processes in coronary vessels that leads to the development of stable and/or unstable plaques with or without embolisms, leading to a mismatch between cardiac myocyte demand and oxygenated blood delivery. (visualdx.com)
- the other three studies included patients with angina and cardiac enzyme elevation, electrocardiography changes, or a history of CAD. (aafp.org)
- We evaluated C-reactive protein (CRP) and troponin T (TnT) for predicting six-month cardiac risk in patients with unstable angina. (nih.gov)
- Troponin T is predictive of cardiac risk in patients with unstable angina. (nih.gov)
- BACKGROUND: There is an expectation that with the adoption of more sensitive cardiac troponin (cTn) assays, unstable angina would become a rarity. (diva-portal.org)
- Unstable blood pressure can provoke a variety of symptoms, including but not limited to dizziness, shortness of breath, instability, fainting and erratic heart rhythms. (ehow.co.uk)
- Compared with standard therapy with aspirin, the use of heparin does not reduce mortality, the need for revascularization, and recurrent angina. (aafp.org)
- The purpose of this trial is to determine whether bivalirudin is non-inferior to unfractionated heparin in patients with stable angina, unstable angina, or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. (clinicalconnection.com)
- The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11A trial compared the safety and tolerability of two weight-adjusted regimens of subcutaneous injections of enoxaparin, a low molecular weight heparin, in patients with unstable angina/non-Q wave myocardial infarction (NQMI). (timi.org)
- Heparin and antiaggregating therapy represent an effective treatment of unstable angina. (elsevier.com)
- Abstract -Unstable angina is a critical phase of coronary heart disease with widely variable symptoms and prognosis. (ahajournals.org)
- There are two common types of angina, stable or unstable angina . (nutralegacy.com)
- What are different types of angina? (news-medical.net)
- The two main types of angina are stable angina and unstable angina. (hse.ie)
- 2 months), crescendo or rest angina. (semanticscholar.org)
- Scheidt S. Treatment of stable angina: medical and invasive therapy--implications for the elderly. (freemd.com)
- Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor Tirofiban. (clinicalcorrelations.org)
- Unstable angina, in the middle of this spectrum is a heterogeneous syndrome with widely variable symptoms and prognosis. (ahajournals.org)
- The recurrence of angina soon after myocardial infarction is not uncommon and represents areas of viable myocardium at risk from infarct extension and thus a worse prognosis. (biomedsearch.com)
- OBJECTIVE--To observe the long-term prognosis of patients with unstable angina and select simple criteria to identify high and low risk subgroups. (bmj.com)
- Determining the prognosis of patients with unstable angina is hampered by a wide variation in the definition of unstable angina, duration of follow up and treatment differences. (onlinejacc.org)
- Understanding a few of the causes of unstable blood pressure can guide individuals to seek medical advice, prognosis and treatment to prevent complications such as limitations of physical activities, fainting, pain, injury or heart disease. (ehow.co.uk)
- Therefore, we assessed the relationship between BNP levels and long-term prognosis in low-risk patients with unstable angina (UA). (elsevier.com)
- A high unstable angina class (IIIB or IIIC) led to a high rate of coronary revascularization. (ahajournals.org)
- People want answers to the question what is angina, and if the symptoms they experience are that of indigestion or symptoms of angina attack . (nutralegacy.com)
- Symptoms of angina attack include radiating pain in the arms, shoulders, neck, back and even jaw. (nutralegacy.com)
- When experiencing symptoms of angina or an attack, careful rest is needed and if symptoms continue, see your doctor right away. (nutralegacy.com)
- Early symptoms of angina are pain and discomfort although the circumstances differ depending on the kind of angina. (answers.com)
- Pain and discomfort are the main symptoms of angina. (answers.com)
- Factors that can provoke the symptoms of angina are known as angina triggers. (hse.ie)
- Your doctor might also use the term acute coronary syndrome for your heart attack or unstable angina. (cigna.com)
- Worsening angina attacks, sudden-onset angina at rest, and angina lasting more than 15 minutes are symptoms of unstable angina (usually grouped with similar conditions as the acute coronary syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
- Blood stasis syndrome (BSS) has been considered to be the major type of syndromes in unstable angina (UA) patients. (hindawi.com)
- A 52-year-old male with unstable angina after acute myocardial infarction, and Leriche's syndrome was referred to our hospital for intensive care. (umin.ac.jp)
- 212 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) instability angina were clinically investigated according to the CRF content, meanwhile the TCM syndrome type and coronary angiography results were processed. (onlinejacc.org)
- 212 patients with unstable angina in this study were classified into three categories according to the actual situation of syndrome differentiation: the excess syndrome (106 cases), the deficiency syndrome (59 cases)and the mixed syndrome of deficiency and excess (47 cases). (onlinejacc.org)
- The 212 patients of TCM syndromes with unstable angina in coronary heart disease were divided into blood stasis (149 cases) and non blood stasis syndrome (63 cases). (onlinejacc.org)
- Angina is a syndrome (a collection of symptoms caused by an underlying health condition) that is caused when the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart becomes restricted. (hse.ie)
- Angina is a common syndrome, particularly among older people. (hse.ie)
- However, the detailed pathogenesis of unstable angina is still not known. (vixra.org)
- The Role of C-Reactive Protein Activation of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B in the Pathogenesis of Unstable Angina**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC or the American College of Cardiology. (elsevier.com)
- Angina occurs when there is not enough blood flow to the heart. (cigna.com)
- Angina occurs when the heart is temporarily not getting enough oxygen. (ada.com)
- Unstable angina occurs when the vessels become very narrow. (ada.com)
- Stable angina occurs when the heart is working harder than usual, for instance, during exercise. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Unstable angina occurs at rest, is surprising, lasts longer, and may worsen over time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Stable angina occurs at times you can predict. (kramesonline.com)
- Angina occurs when the oxygen demand of your heart muscle exceeds that which is supplied by the coronary arteries (the blood vessels that supply your heart with oxygen). (mydr.com.au)
- Dr. Smith's ECG Blog: A Very Unstable Angina. (blogspot.com)
- In recent years, the pathophysiological roles of platelet activation and inflammation in unstable angina have been elucidated. (ahajournals.org)
- In addition, H-ATPase, glycolytic genes, platelet and RBC related genes are also up-regulated in peripheral leukocytes of during unstable angina. (vixra.org)
- De Servi et al 7 reported that patients with recent onset or worsening angina without rest pain (class IB) had calcified lesions more frequently than did patients with angina at rest (classes IIB and IIIB), whereas the latter showed thrombus or intraplaque hemorrhage on angiography more frequently than did the former. (ahajournals.org)
- A 55 year old man, known to have angina, presents to the Emergency Department with new-onset typical ischaemic rest pain that is not relieved by his nitrate spray at home. (bmj.com)
- Unstable angina is a pattern of symptoms that is new in onset, changing in severity or frequency, occurring at rest, or lasting longer than 20 minutes. (vidyya.com)
- Group 1 consisted of 10 patients who had new onset of refractory rest angina and ischemic ST-T changes, but no infarction, single-vessel coronary disease without collateralization, and normal left ventricular (LV) angiograms. (ovid.com)
- The onset of angina symptoms is sometimes called an angina attack. (hse.ie)
- Anticoagulants are given in the hospital during unstable angina or a heart attack , because they can prevent clots from becoming larger and blocking coronary arteries. (healthmedicinet.com)
- Yes it can if the atherosclerotic plaque causing stable angina ruptures blocking the coronary artery partially. (answers.com)
- The unstable pain can result from the disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque in narrowed coronary vessels with lessened flexibility, embolization and vasospasm. (biomedcentral.com)
- Angina attacks are brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. (answers.com)
- People with unstable angina are at higher risk of having a heart attack. (medlineplus.gov)
- Clopidogrel therapy is the standard of care in patients with unstable angina. (scirp.org)
- Conclusion: This study showed that MPV can be used as a simple bedside predictor for detection of clopidogrel response in patients with unstable angina. (scirp.org)
- Unstable angina happens when blood flow to the heart is suddenly slowed by narrowed vessels or small blood clots that form in the coronary arteries. (conehealth.com)
- Unstable angina is a sign that arteries are narrowing and that you are at a higher risk of a heart attack. (belmarrahealth.com)
- In unstable angina, the plaque along the arteries may rupture or form a blood clot, further decreasing the blood flow and triggering symptoms. (belmarrahealth.com)
- Coronary artery disease, commonly known as CAD, is a leading cause of unstable blood pressure and is usually caused by a build up of plaque inside arteries that interrupts blood flow, or slows it down, leading to inadequate oxygenation of organs, tissues and cells throughout the body. (ehow.co.uk)
- Angina is very occasionally caused by spasms of coronary arteries alone, without blockage. (mydr.com.au)
- Angina is usually due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries. (wikipedia.org)
- Apolipoprotein E genotype and circulating interleukin-10 levels in patients with stable and unstable coronary artery disease. (medscape.com)
- Chronic stable angina. (freemd.com)
- Seeking Oklahomans who have been diagnosed with chronic or unstable angina. (centerwatch.com)
- Unstable blood pressure is also directly related to additional illnesses and disease conditions such as kidney failure, Parkinson's disease and chronic pain or injury caused by brain trauma or disease. (ehow.co.uk)
- To determine whether unstable angina is co-related to seropositivity to chronic Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. (com.pk)