Angina Pectoris
Angina Pectoris, Variant
Angina, Stable
Nitroglycerin
Counterpulsation
Coronary Angiography
Microvascular Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Exercise Test
Coronary Disease
Electrocardiography
Oxyfedrine
Coronary Artery Disease
Myocardial Ischemia
Isosorbide Dinitrate
Ergonovine
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
Follow-Up Studies
Prospective Studies
Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary
Nifedipine
Physical Exertion
Metoprolol
Risk Factors
Atherectomy, Coronary
Propranolol
Acetanilides
Myocardial Revascularization
Double-Blind Method
Practolol
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Oxprenolol
Coronary Artery Bypass
Phonocardiography
Treatment Outcome
Nicorandil
Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
Biological Markers
Prognosis
Clinical Trials as Topic
Sympatholytics
Ludwig's Angina
Atenolol
Calcium Channel Blockers
Ultrasonography, Interventional
C-Reactive Protein
Spinal Cord Stimulation
Placebos
Propanolamines
Cardiovascular Agents
Predictive Value of Tests
Hemodynamics
Laser Therapy
Troponin T
Severity of Illness Index
Electric Stimulation Therapy
Cardiac Catheterization
Labetalol
Collateral Circulation
Neopterin
Exercise Tolerance
Coronary Thrombosis
Pindolol
Chronic Disease
Drug Therapy, Combination
Diltiazem
Delayed-Action Preparations
Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular
Prenylamine
Stents
Death, Sudden
Stroke Volume
Colic
Fibrinogen
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate
Regression Analysis
Dipyridamole
Chi-Square Distribution
Vectorcardiography
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Case-Control Studies
Incidence
Creatine Kinase
Retrospective Studies
Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
Multivariate Analysis
Nitrates
Perhexiline
Tomography, Spiral Computed
Erythrocyte Aggregation
Heart Ventricles
Drug Tolerance
Echocardiography
Risk Assessment
Hemostasis
Blood Viscosity
Postcholecystectomy Syndrome
The effect of race and sex on physicians' recommendations for cardiac catheterization. (1/2517)
BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have reported differences in the use of cardiovascular procedures according to the race and sex of the patient. Whether the differences stem from differences in the recommendations of physicians remains uncertain. METHODS: We developed a computerized survey instrument to assess physicians' recommendations for managing chest pain. Actors portrayed patients with particular characteristics in scripted interviews about their symptoms. A total of 720 physicians at two national meetings of organizations of primary care physicians participated in the survey. Each physician viewed a recorded interview and was given other data about a hypothetical patient. He or she then made recommendations about that patient's care. We used multivariate logistic-regression analysis to assess the effects of the race and sex of the patients on treatment recommendations, while controlling for the physicians' assessment of the probability of coronary artery disease as well as for the age of the patient, the level of coronary risk, the type of chest pain, and the results of an exercise stress test. RESULTS: The physicians' mean (+/-SD) estimates of the probability of coronary artery disease were lower for women (probability, 64.1+/-19.3 percent, vs. 69.2+/-18.2 percent for men; P<0.001), younger patients (63.8+/-19.5 percent for patients who were 55 years old, vs. 69.5+/-17.9 percent for patients who were 70 years old; P<0.001), and patients with nonanginal pain (58.3+/-19.0 percent, vs. 64.4+/-18.3 percent for patients with possible angina and 77.1+/-14.0 percent for those with definite angina; P=0.001). Logistic-regression analysis indicated that women (odds ratio, 0.60; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.9; P=0.02) and blacks (odds ratio, 0.60; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.9; P=0.02) were less likely to be referred for cardiac catheterization than men and whites, respectively. Analysis of race-sex interactions showed that black women were significantly less likely to be referred for catheterization than white men (odds ratio, 0.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.2 to 0.7; P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the race and sex of a patient independently influence how physicians manage chest pain. (+info)Fibrinolytic activation markers predict myocardial infarction in the elderly. The Cardiovascular Health Study. (2/2517)
Coagulation factor levels predict arterial thrombosis in epidemiological studies, but studies of older persons are needed. We studied 3 plasma antigenic markers of fibrinolysis, viz, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), fibrin fragment D-dimer, and plasmin-antiplasmin complex (PAP) for the prediction of arterial thrombosis in healthy elderly persons over age 65. The study was a nested case-control study in the Cardiovascular Health Study cohort of 5201 men and women >/=65 years of age who were enrolled from 1989 to 1990. Cases were 146 participants without baseline clinical vascular disease who developed myocardial infarction, angina, or coronary death during a follow-up of 2.4 years. Controls remained free of cardiovascular events and were matched 1:1 to cases with respect to sex, duration of follow-up, and baseline subclinical vascular disease status. With increasing quartile of D-dimer and PAP levels but not of PAI-1, there was an independent increased risk of myocardial infarction or coronary death, but not of angina. The relative risk for D-dimer above versus below the median value (>/=120 microg/L) was 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.9) and for PAP above the median (>/=5.25 nmol/L), 3.1 (1.3 to 7.7). Risks were independent of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen concentrations. There were no differences in risk by sex or presence of baseline subclinical disease. D-dimer and PAP, but not PAI-1, predicted future myocardial infarction in men and women over age 65. Relationships were independent of other risk factors, including inflammation markers. Results indicate a major role for these markers in identifying a high risk of arterial disease in this age group. (+info)Randomised controlled trial of follow up care in general practice of patients with myocardial infarction and angina: final results of the Southampton heart integrated care project (SHIP). The SHIP Collaborative Group. (3/2517)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a programme to coordinate and support follow up care in general practice after a hospital diagnosis of myocardial infarction or angina. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial; stratified random allocation of practices to intervention and control groups. SETTING: All 67 practices in Southampton and south west Hampshire, England. SUBJECTS: 597 adult patients (422 with myocardial infarction and 175 with a new diagnosis of angina) who were recruited during hospital admission or attendance at a chest pain clinic between April 1995 and September 1996. INTERVENTION: Programme to coordinate preventive care led by specialist liaison nurses which sought to improve communication between hospital and general practice and to encourage general practice nurses to provide structured follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum total cholesterol concentration, blood pressure, distance walked in 6 minutes, confirmed smoking cessation, and body mass index measured at 1 year follow up. RESULTS: Of 559 surviving patients at 1 year, 502 (90%) were followed up. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in smoking (cotinine validated quit rate 19% v 20%), lipid concentrations (serum total cholesterol 5.80 v 5.93 mmol/l), blood pressure (diastolic pressure 84 v 85 mm Hg), or fitness (distance walked in 6 minutes 443 v 433 m). Body mass index was slightly lower in the intervention group (27.4 v 28.2; P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Although the programme was effective in promoting follow up in general practice, it did not improve health outcome. Simply coordinating and supporting existing NHS care is insufficient. Ischaemic heart disease is a chronic condition which requires the same systematic approach to secondary prevention applied in other chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. (+info)The transmyocardial laser revascularization international registry report. (4/2517)
AIMS: This report aimed to provide an analysis of the data submitted from Europe and Asia on transmyocardial laser revascularization. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective data was recorded on 967 patients with intractable angina not amenable to conventional revascularization in 21 European and Asian centres performing transmyocardial laser revascularization using the PLC Medical Systems CO2 laser. Patient characteristics, operative details and early complications following transmyocardial laser revascularization were recorded. The in-hospital death rate was 9.7% (95% confidence interval 7.8% to 11.6%). Other early complications were consistent with similar cardiothoracic surgical procedures. There was a decrease of two or more Canadian Cardiovascular Score angina classes in 47.3%, 45.4% and 34.0% of survivors at 3, 6 and 12 months follow-up, respectively (P=0.001 for each). Treadmill exercise time increased by 42 s at 3 months (P=0.008), 1 min 43 s at 6 months (P<0.001) and 1 min 50 s at 12 months (P<0.001) against pre-operative times of 6 min. CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled registry data suggest that transmyocardial laser revascularization may lead to a decrease in angina and improved exercise tolerance. It does, however, have a risk of peri-operative morbidity and mortality. Definitive results from randomized controlled trials are awaited. (+info)Heart rate variability and ischaemia in patients with coronary heart disease and stable angina pectoris; influence of drug therapy and prognostic value. TIBBS Investigators Group. Total Ischemic Burden Bisoprolol Study. (5/2517)
AIMS: Determination of the influence of therapy with bisoprolol and nifedipine on the heart rate variability of patients from the Total Ischemic Burden Bisoprolol Study and examination of the prognostic value. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty-two patients with stable angina were included. The heart rate variability was determined over a period of 24 h. Parameters determined: standard deviation of the mean of all corrected RR intervals, standard deviation of all 5 min mean cycle lengths, square root of the mean of the squared differences of successive corrected RR intervals. Nifedipine reduced the mean values of all heart rate variability parameters tested. Square root of the mean of the square differences of successive corrected RR intervals increased under bisoprolol. Standard deviation of the mean of all corrected RR intervals and standard deviation of all 5 min mean cycle lengths increased from low baseline values and declined from higher baseline values. The increase in heart rate variability under therapy was accompanied by a tendency towards a better prognosis. Patients with an increase in heart rate variability and simultaneous complete suppression of ischaemia under therapy displayed no serious events in the course of one year. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the heart rate variability, which can be regarded as prognostically favourable, was predominantly observed under bisoprolol. The parameter constellation of an increase in heart rate variability and complete ischaemia suppression on the 48-h Holter ECG was associated with the greatest benefit. (+info)Evaluation of technician supervised treadmill exercise testing in a cardiac chest pain clinic. (6/2517)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of trained cardiac technicians independently performing treadmill exercise stress tests as part of the assessment of patients with suspected angina pectoris. DESIGN: Retrospective comparison of 250 exercise tests performed by cardiac technicians and 225 tests performed by experienced cardiology clinical assistants (general practitioners who perform regular NHS cardiology duties), and consultant cardiologists over the same time period. SETTING: Regional cardiac centre with a dedicated cardiac chest pain clinic. PATIENTS: All patients were referred by their general practitioners with a history of recent onset of chest pain, which was suspected to be angina pectoris. OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak workload achieved, symptoms, indications for termination, complications. RESULTS: The diagnostic yield of technician supervised tests (percentage positive or negative) was similar to that of medically supervised tests (76% v 69%, NS). The average peak workload achieved by patients was less by 1.2 mets (p < 0.005). This was probably due to more tests being terminated earlier due to chest pain and ST segment depression in the technician group compared with doctors (10% and 16% v 5% and 11% respectively, p = 0.06 and 0.07). One patient in the technician supervised group developed a supraventricular tachycardia during the recovery phase of the exercise test. CONCLUSIONS: Technician supervised stress testing is associated with a high diagnostic rate and low complication rate in patients with suspected ischaemic heart disease. Its efficacy is comparable to tests supervised by experienced doctors and its use should be encouraged. (+info)Follow-up care in general practice of patients with myocardial infarction or angina pectoris: initial results of the SHIP trial. Southampton Heart Integrated Care Project. (7/2517)
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a nurse-led programme to ensure that follow-up care is provided in general practice after hospital diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) or angina pectoris. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with stratified random allocation of practices to intervention and control groups within all 67 practices in Southampton and South-West Hampshire, England. The subjects were 422 adult patients with a MI and 175 patients with a new diagnosis of angina recruited during hospital admission or chest pain clinic attendance between April 1995 and September 1996. Intervention involved a programme of secondary preventive care led by specialist liaison nurses in which we sought to improve communication between hospital and general practice and to encourage general practice nurses to provide structured follow-up. The main outcome measures were: extent of general practice follow-up; attendance for cardiac rehabilitation; medication prescribed at hospital discharge; self-reported smoking, diet and exercise; and symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath. Follow-ups of 90.1 % of subjects at 1 month and 80.6% at 4 months were carried out. RESULTS: Median attendance for nurse follow-up in the 4 months following diagnosis was 3 (IQR 2-5) in intervention practices and 0 (IQR 0-1) in control practices; the median number of visits to a doctor was the same in both groups. At hospital discharge, levels of prescribing of preventive medication were low in both intervention and control groups: aspirin 77 versus 74% (P = 0.32), cholesterol lowering agents 9 versus 10% (P = 0.8). Conversely, 1 month after diagnosis, the vast majority of patients in both groups reported healthy lifestyles: 90 versus 84% reported eating healthy food (P = 0.53); 73 versus 67% taking regular exercise (P = 0.13); 89 versus 92% not smoking (P = 0.77). Take up of cardiac rehabilitation was 37% in the intervention group and 22% in the control group (P = 0.001); the median number of sessions attended was also higher (5 versus 3 out of 6). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention of a liaison nurse is effective in ensuring that general practice nurses follow-up patients after hospital discharge. It does not alter the number of follow-up visits made by the patient to the doctor. Levels of prescribing and reported changes in behaviour at hospital discharge indicate that the main tasks facing practice nurses during follow-up are to help patients to sustain changes in behaviour, to encourage doctors to prescribe appropriate medication and to encourage patients to adhere to medication while returning to an active life. These are very different tasks to those traditionally undertaken by practice nurses in relation to primary prevention, where the emphasis has been on identifying risk and motivating change. Assessment of the effectiveness of practice nurses in undertaking these new tasks requires a longer follow-up. (+info)The economic consequences of available diagnostic and prognostic strategies for the evaluation of stable angina patients: an observational assessment of the value of precatheterization ischemia. Economics of Noninvasive Diagnosis (END) Multicenter Study Group. (8/2517)
OBJECTIVES: The study aim was to determine observational differences in costs of care by the coronary disease diagnostic test modality. BACKGROUND: A number of diagnostic strategies are available with few data to compare the cost implications of the initial test choice. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 11,372 consecutive stable angina patients who were referred for stress myocardial perfusion tomography or cardiac catheterization. Stress imaging patients were matched by their pretest clinical risk of coronary disease to a series of patients referred to cardiac catheterization. Composite 3-year costs of care were compared for two patients management strategies: 1) direct cardiac catheterization (aggressive) and 2) initial stress myocardial perfusion tomography and selective catheterization of high risk patients (conservative). Analysis of variance techniques were used to compare costs, adjusting for treatment propensity and pretest risk. RESULTS: Observational comparisons of aggressive as compared with conservative testing strategies reveal that costs of care were higher for direct cardiac catheterization in all clinical risk subsets (range: $2,878 to $4,579), as compared with stress myocardial perfusion imaging plus selective catheterization (range: $2,387 to $3,010, p < 0.0001). Coronary revascularization rates were higher for low, intermediate and high risk direct catheterization patients as compared with the initial stress perfusion imaging cohort (13% to 50%, p < 0.0001); cardiac death or myocardial infarction rates were similar (p > 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: Observational assessments reveal that stable chest pain patients who undergo a more aggressive diagnostic strategy have higher diagnostic costs and greater rates of intervention and follow-up costs. Cost differences may reflect a diminished necessity for resource consumption for patients with normal test results. (+info)Angina pectoris is a medical condition that is characterized by recurring chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, specifically the myocardium. It is also known as stable angina or effort angina. The symptoms of angina pectoris typically occur during physical activity or emotional stress and are relieved by rest.
The term "angina" comes from the Latin word for "strangulation," which refers to the feeling of tightness or constriction in the chest that is associated with the condition. Angina pectoris can be caused by atherosclerosis, or the buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. This buildup can lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that can narrow the coronary arteries and reduce blood flow to the heart muscle, causing chest pain.
There are several types of angina pectoris, including:
1. Stable angina: This is the most common type of angina and is characterized by predictable and reproducible symptoms that occur during specific situations or activities, such as exercise or emotional stress.
2. Unstable angina: This type of angina is characterized by unpredictable and changing symptoms that can occur at rest or with minimal exertion. It is often a sign of a more severe underlying condition, such as a heart attack.
3. Variant angina: This type of angina occurs during physical activity, but the symptoms are not relieved by rest.
4. Prinzmetal's angina: This is a rare type of angina that occurs at rest and is characterized by a feeling of tightness or constriction in the chest.
The diagnosis of angina pectoris is typically made based on a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, and imaging studies. Treatment for angina pectoris usually involves lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and stress management, as well as medications to relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of complications. In some cases, surgery or other procedures may be necessary to treat the underlying condition causing the angina.
Word origin: Greek "anginos" meaning "pain in the neck".
The causes of angina pectoris, variant are not well understood, but it is believed to be related to a decrease in blood flow to the heart muscle, particularly during times of rest or low exertion. This can lead to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle, which can cause pain.
The diagnosis of angina pectoris, variant is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and results of diagnostic tests such as electrocardiography (ECG), stress test, and echocardiography. Treatment for this condition typically involves medications such as nitrates, calcium channel blockers, and beta-blockers to relieve pain and improve blood flow to the heart muscle. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to improve blood flow or to treat underlying conditions that are contributing to the angina.
Prevention of angina pectoris, variant includes lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, stress reduction techniques, and avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption. It is important for individuals with this condition to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage their symptoms and prevent complications.
It is important to note that stable angina is different from unstable angina, which is a more severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when there is a sudden blockage in one of the coronary arteries. Unlike stable angina, unstable angina can cause severe chest pain or discomfort that can radiate to other parts of the body and can be accompanied by other symptoms such as shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting.
Stable angina is often described as a squeezing, pressing, or aching sensation in the chest that can be triggered by physical activity or emotional stress. The pain typically subsides within a few minutes after resting or taking medication. People with stable angina may also experience pain in their arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, or back.
Stable angina is usually diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, and blood tests. Treatment for stable angina typically involves medications to reduce the workload on the heart, improve blood flow, and manage pain. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and stress management techniques can also help manage the condition. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to open or bypass blocked coronary arteries.
In summary, stable angina is a predictable and manageable type of chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood due to blockages in the coronary arteries. It can be treated with medication, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as this could indicate a more severe condition such as unstable angina or a heart attack.
The symptoms of microvascular angina are similar to those of stable angina, including chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, and fatigue. However, microvascular angina episodes can be more frequent and unpredictable than stable angina, and may occur at rest or with minimal exertion.
The diagnosis of microvascular angina is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and coronary angiography. Treatment for microvascular angina typically involves medications to relax the blood vessels and improve blood flow to the heart, as well as lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and a healthy diet. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.
Microvascular angina is considered a syndrome rather than a disease, and it is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels. It is more common in people who are middle-aged or older, and affects men and women equally.
Overall, microvascular angina is a serious condition that can have a significant impact on quality of life, and it is important for individuals who experience symptoms to seek medical attention to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. With proper management, many people with microvascular angina are able to lead active and fulfilling lives.
There are different types of myocardial infarctions, including:
1. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): This is the most severe type of heart attack, where a large area of the heart muscle is damaged. It is characterized by a specific pattern on an electrocardiogram (ECG) called the ST segment.
2. Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI): This type of heart attack is less severe than STEMI, and the damage to the heart muscle may not be as extensive. It is characterized by a smaller area of damage or a different pattern on an ECG.
3. Incomplete myocardial infarction: This type of heart attack is when there is some damage to the heart muscle but not a complete blockage of blood flow.
4. Collateral circulation myocardial infarction: This type of heart attack occurs when there are existing collateral vessels that bypass the blocked coronary artery, which reduces the amount of damage to the heart muscle.
Symptoms of a myocardial infarction can include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and fatigue. These symptoms may be accompanied by anxiety, fear, and a sense of impending doom. In some cases, there may be no noticeable symptoms at all.
Diagnosis of myocardial infarction is typically made based on a combination of physical examination findings, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac enzyme tests, and imaging studies like echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.
Treatment of myocardial infarction usually involves medications to relieve pain, reduce the amount of work the heart has to do, and prevent further damage to the heart muscle. These may include aspirin, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins. In some cases, a procedure such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the affected area.
Prevention of myocardial infarction involves managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. This can include lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction, as well as medications to control these conditions. Early detection and treatment of heart disease can help prevent myocardial infarction from occurring in the first place.
Coronary disease is often caused by a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, obesity, and a lack of physical activity. It can also be triggered by other medical conditions, such as diabetes and kidney disease.
The symptoms of coronary disease can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:
* Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
* Shortness of breath
* Fatigue
* Swelling of the legs and feet
* Pain in the arms and back
Coronary disease is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), stress tests, and cardiac imaging. Treatment for coronary disease may include lifestyle changes, medications to control symptoms, and surgical procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to improve blood flow to the heart.
Preventative measures for coronary disease include:
* Maintaining a healthy diet and exercise routine
* Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption
* Managing high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, and other underlying medical conditions
* Reducing stress through relaxation techniques or therapy.
Word Origin: From coronary (pertaining to the crown) + vasospasm (a spasmodic constriction of a blood vessel).
The buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries is often caused by high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, and a family history of heart disease. The plaque can also rupture, causing a blood clot to form, which can completely block the flow of blood to the heart muscle, leading to a heart attack.
CAD is the most common type of heart disease and is often asymptomatic until a serious event occurs. Risk factors for CAD include:
* Age (men over 45 and women over 55)
* Gender (men are at greater risk than women, but women are more likely to die from CAD)
* Family history of heart disease
* High blood pressure
* High cholesterol
* Diabetes
* Smoking
* Obesity
* Lack of exercise
Diagnosis of CAD typically involves a physical exam, medical history, and results of diagnostic tests such as:
* Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
* Stress test
* Echocardiogram
* Coronary angiography
Treatment for CAD may include lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and quitting smoking. Medications such as beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins may also be prescribed to manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. In severe cases, surgical intervention such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be necessary.
Prevention of CAD includes managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular exercise. Early detection and treatment of CAD can help to reduce the risk of complications and improve quality of life for those affected by the disease.
Myocardial ischemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking. It can also be triggered by physical exertion or stress.
There are several types of myocardial ischemia, including:
1. Stable angina: This is the most common type of myocardial ischemia, and it is characterized by a predictable pattern of chest pain that occurs during physical activity or emotional stress.
2. Unstable angina: This is a more severe type of myocardial ischemia that can occur without any identifiable trigger, and can be accompanied by other symptoms such as shortness of breath or vomiting.
3. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS): This is a condition that includes both stable angina and unstable angina, and it is characterized by a sudden reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle.
4. Heart attack (myocardial infarction): This is a type of myocardial ischemia that occurs when the blood flow to the heart muscle is completely blocked, resulting in damage or death of the cardiac tissue.
Myocardial ischemia can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), stress tests, and imaging studies such as echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Treatment options for myocardial ischemia include medications such as nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers, as well as lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, losing weight, and exercising regularly. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting or angioplasty may be necessary.
There are several possible causes of chest pain, including:
1. Coronary artery disease: The most common cause of chest pain is coronary artery disease, which occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to a heart attack if the blood flow to the heart muscle is severely reduced.
2. Heart attack: A heart attack occurs when the heart muscle becomes damaged or dies due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients. This can cause severe chest pain, as well as other symptoms such as shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and fatigue.
3. Acute coronary syndrome: This is a group of conditions that occur when the blood flow to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked or reduced, leading to chest pain or discomfort. In addition to heart attack, acute coronary syndrome can include unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
4. Pulmonary embolism: A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot forms in the lungs and blocks the flow of blood to the heart, causing chest pain and shortness of breath.
5. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs can cause chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
6. Costochondritis: This is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs to the breastbone (sternum), which can cause chest pain and tenderness.
7. Tietze's syndrome: This is a condition that occurs when the cartilage and muscles in the chest are injured, leading to chest pain and swelling.
8. Heart failure: When the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, it can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
9. Pericarditis: An inflammation of the membrane that surrounds the heart (pericardium) can cause chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
10. Precordial catch syndrome: This is a condition that occurs when the muscles and tendons between the ribs become inflamed, causing chest pain and tenderness.
These are just a few of the many possible causes of chest pain. If you are experiencing chest pain, it is important to seek medical attention right away to determine the cause and receive proper treatment.
The underlying cause of ACS is typically a blockage in one of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle. This blockage can be caused by atherosclerosis, a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries and narrows them, or by a blood clot that forms in the artery and blocks the flow of blood.
The diagnosis of ACS is typically made based on a combination of symptoms, physical examination findings, and results of diagnostic tests such as electrocardiograms (ECGs) and blood tests. Treatment for ACS usually involves medications to dissolve blood clots and reduce the amount of work the heart has to do, as well as procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery to restore blood flow to the heart.
Preventive measures for ACS include managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes, as well as increasing physical activity and eating a healthy diet. Early diagnosis and treatment of ACS can help reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes for patients.
Early detection and management of atherosclerosis through regular health check-ups, healthy lifestyle choices, and medications can help prevent or delay the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of complications.
Signs and Symptoms:
* Swelling of the floor of the mouth and beneath the tongue
* Difficulty breathing and swallowing
* Pain when swallowing
* Fever and chills
* Swollen lymph nodes in the neck
* Redness and purulent drainage on the skin
Diagnosis:
A diagnosis of Ludwig's angina is based on a combination of physical examination findings, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as blood cultures or imaging studies.
Treatment:
Antibiotics are the primary treatment for Ludwig's angina. Surgical debridement may be necessary to remove infected tissue and promote healing. In severe cases, hospitalization and intensive care may be required to manage respiratory and cardiovascular complications.
Prognosis:
Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of Ludwig's angina can improve the prognosis. However, if left untreated or if there are severe complications, the condition can be fatal.
Prevention:
Good oral hygiene practices, regular dental check-ups, and avoiding risky behaviors such as sharing dental instruments or engaging in unprotected oral sex can help prevent Ludwig's angina.
The severity of coronary stenosis can range from mild to severe, with blockages ranging from 15% to over 90%. In mild cases, lifestyle changes and medication may be enough to manage symptoms. However, more severe cases typically require interventional procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to improve blood flow to the heart.
Recurrence can also refer to the re-emergence of symptoms in a previously treated condition, such as a chronic pain condition that returns after a period of remission.
In medical research, recurrence is often studied to understand the underlying causes of disease progression and to develop new treatments and interventions to prevent or delay its return.
Coronary Thrombosis can cause a range of symptoms including chest pain, shortness of breath, lightheadedness and fatigue. The severity of the symptoms depends on the location and size of the clot. In some cases, the condition may be asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during a medical examination or imaging test.
Diagnosis of Coronary Thrombosis is typically made using electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests and imaging studies such as angiography or echocardiography. Treatment options include medications to dissolve the clot, surgery to open or bypass the blocked artery or other interventional procedures such as angioplasty or stenting.
Prevention of Coronary Thrombosis includes managing risk factors such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking and diabetes through lifestyle changes and medications. Early detection and treatment can help reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes for patients with this condition.
The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.
In this article, we will explore the definition and impact of chronic diseases, as well as strategies for managing and living with them. We will also discuss the importance of early detection and prevention, as well as the role of healthcare providers in addressing the needs of individuals with chronic diseases.
What is a Chronic Disease?
A chronic disease is a condition that lasts for an extended period of time, often affecting daily life and activities. Unlike acute diseases, which have a specific beginning and end, chronic diseases are long-term and persistent. Examples of chronic diseases include:
1. Diabetes
2. Heart disease
3. Arthritis
4. Asthma
5. Cancer
6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
7. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
8. Hypertension
9. Osteoporosis
10. Stroke
Impact of Chronic Diseases
The burden of chronic diseases is significant, with over 70% of deaths worldwide attributed to them, according to the WHO. In addition to the physical and emotional toll they take on individuals and their families, chronic diseases also pose a significant economic burden, accounting for a large proportion of healthcare expenditure.
Chronic diseases can also have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, limiting their ability to participate in activities they enjoy and affecting their relationships with family and friends. Moreover, the financial burden of chronic diseases can lead to poverty and reduce economic productivity, thus having a broader societal impact.
Addressing Chronic Diseases
Given the significant burden of chronic diseases, it is essential that we address them effectively. This requires a multi-faceted approach that includes:
1. Lifestyle modifications: Encouraging healthy behaviors such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and smoking cessation can help prevent and manage chronic diseases.
2. Early detection and diagnosis: Identifying risk factors and detecting diseases early can help prevent or delay their progression.
3. Medication management: Effective medication management is crucial for controlling symptoms and slowing disease progression.
4. Multi-disciplinary care: Collaboration between healthcare providers, patients, and families is essential for managing chronic diseases.
5. Health promotion and disease prevention: Educating individuals about the risks of chronic diseases and promoting healthy behaviors can help prevent their onset.
6. Addressing social determinants of health: Social determinants such as poverty, education, and employment can have a significant impact on health outcomes. Addressing these factors is essential for reducing health disparities and improving overall health.
7. Investing in healthcare infrastructure: Investing in healthcare infrastructure, technology, and research is necessary to improve disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment.
8. Encouraging policy change: Policy changes can help create supportive environments for healthy behaviors and reduce the burden of chronic diseases.
9. Increasing public awareness: Raising public awareness about the risks and consequences of chronic diseases can help individuals make informed decisions about their health.
10. Providing support for caregivers: Chronic diseases can have a significant impact on family members and caregivers, so providing them with support is essential for improving overall health outcomes.
Conclusion
Chronic diseases are a major public health burden that affect millions of people worldwide. Addressing these diseases requires a multi-faceted approach that includes lifestyle changes, addressing social determinants of health, investing in healthcare infrastructure, encouraging policy change, increasing public awareness, and providing support for caregivers. By taking a comprehensive approach to chronic disease prevention and management, we can improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities worldwide.
Some common examples of eye manifestations include:
1. Redness or inflammation of the conjunctiva (the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye): This can be a sign of an infection, allergy, or other condition.
2. Discharge or crusting around the eyes: This can be a sign of an infection or allergies.
3. Swelling of the eyelids or eye socket: This can be a sign of an infection, injury, or other condition.
4. Bulging of one or both eyes (proptosis): This can be a sign of a tumor or other condition that is putting pressure on the eye socket.
5. Abnormal alignment of the eyes (strabismus): This can be a sign of a neurological disorder or other condition.
6. Blurring or distortion of vision: This can be a sign of a variety of conditions, including refractive errors, cataracts, glaucoma, or retinal detachment.
7. Abnormal pupillary reaction to light (photophobia): This can be a sign of a neurological disorder or other condition.
8. Eye twitching or spasms: This can be a sign of a neurological disorder or other condition.
9. Blind spots in the field of vision: This can be a sign of a retinal detachment or other condition.
10. Abnormal color vision (color blindness): This can be a sign of a genetic disorder or other condition.
Healthcare professionals may use a variety of tests and procedures to evaluate eye manifestations, including visual acuity tests, refraction tests, retinoscopy, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI. Treatment of eye manifestations depends on the underlying cause and can range from glasses or contact lenses for refractive errors to surgery for cataracts or retinal detachment. In some cases, treatment of the underlying condition can help resolve the eye manifestations.
www.medicinenet.com/sudden_death/article.htm
Sudden death is death that occurs unexpectedly and without warning, often due to a cardiac arrest or other underlying medical condition.
In the medical field, sudden death is defined as death that occurs within one hour of the onset of symptoms, with no prior knowledge of any serious medical condition. It is often caused by a cardiac arrhythmia, such as ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia, which can lead to cardiac arrest and sudden death if not treated promptly.
Other possible causes of sudden death include:
1. Heart disease: Coronary artery disease, heart failure, and other heart conditions can increase the risk of sudden death.
2. Stroke: A stroke can cause sudden death by disrupting blood flow to the brain or other vital organs.
3. Pulmonary embolism: A blood clot in the lungs can block blood flow and cause sudden death.
4. Trauma: Sudden death can occur as a result of injuries sustained in an accident or other traumatic event.
5. Drug overdose: Taking too much of certain medications or drugs can cause sudden death due to cardiac arrest or respiratory failure.
6. Infections: Sepsis, meningitis, and other severe infections can lead to sudden death if left untreated.
7. Genetic conditions: Certain inherited disorders, such as Long QT syndrome, can increase the risk of sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias.
The diagnosis of sudden death often requires an autopsy and a thorough investigation into the individual's medical history and circumstances surrounding their death. Treatment and prevention strategies may include defibrillation, CPR, medications to regulate heart rhythm, and lifestyle modifications to reduce risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and high blood pressure.
Causes of Colic:
1. Gas and bloating: Gas and bloating are common causes of colic. This can occur when gas builds up in the digestive tract or when the body has difficulty processing certain types of food.
2. Constipation: Constipation can cause colic, as hard stool can put pressure on the intestines and lead to pain.
3. Diarrhea: Diarrhea can also cause colic, as loose stool can irritate the intestines and lead to pain.
4. Eating certain foods: Some foods, such as dairy or gluten, can be difficult for the body to digest and may cause colic.
5. Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as IBS, GERD, or IBD, can cause colic.
Symptoms of Colic:
1. Abdominal pain or discomfort: This is the most common symptom of colic and can be described as crampy, gnawing, or sharp.
2. Gas and bloating: Patients with colic may experience gas and bloating, which can lead to discomfort and abdominal distension.
3. Diarrhea or constipation: Depending on the underlying cause of colic, patients may experience diarrhea or constipation.
4. Nausea and vomiting: Some patients with colic may experience nausea and vomiting.
5. Abdominal tenderness: The abdomen may be tender to the touch, especially in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen.
Treatment for Colic:
1. Dietary changes: Patients with colic may benefit from making dietary changes such as avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, and increasing fiber intake.
2. Probiotics: Probiotics can help to regulate the gut microbiome and reduce symptoms of colic.
3. Antispasmodics: Antispasmodics, such as dicyclomine, can help to reduce abdominal pain and cramping associated with colic.
4. Simethicone: Simethicone is an antigas medication that can help to reduce bloating and discomfort associated with colic.
5. Antidepressants: Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of colic in some patients.
6. Psychological support: Colic can be stressful and emotionally challenging for both patients and their caregivers. Psychological support and counseling may be beneficial in managing the emotional impact of colic.
It is important to note that while these treatments may help to reduce symptoms of colic, there is no cure for this condition. In most cases, colic will resolve on its own within a few months. However, if you suspect that your baby has colic, it is important to consult with your healthcare provider to rule out any other underlying medical conditions and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
There are several types of PCS, including:
1. Bouveret's syndrome: This is a severe form of PCS that occurs within the first few days after cholecystectomy, characterized by intense abdominal pain, fever, and distension of the small intestine.
2. Mirizzi's syndrome: This type of PCS develops when the cystic duct remnant is obstructed, causing bile to accumulate in the gallbladder bed and leak into surrounding tissues, leading to inflammation and infection.
3. Acute pancreatitis: This condition occurs when the pancreatic duct becomes blocked or obstructed, causing pancreatic enzymes to build up and cause inflammation in the pancreas and surrounding tissues.
4. Chronic pancreatitis: This is a long-term form of PCS that can develop after cholecystectomy, characterized by persistent inflammation and damage to the pancreas, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss.
5. Biliary-pancreatic dyskinesia: This is a chronic form of PCS that occurs when the sphincter of Oddi, which regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the small intestine, becomes dysfunctional, leading to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and malabsorption.
The symptoms of PCS can be severe and debilitating, affecting quality of life and requiring ongoing medical management. Treatment options for PCS include medications to manage symptoms, endoscopic therapy to clear obstructions, and in some cases, further surgical intervention.
It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience persistent or severe abdominal pain, as early diagnosis and treatment can help alleviate symptoms and prevent complications. A healthcare professional will perform a thorough physical examination and order imaging tests such as CT scans or endoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of PCS. Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the condition, but may include medications to manage pain, inflammation, and infection, as well as lifestyle modifications to ensure proper digestion and nutrition.
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10 Best Clinics for Angina Pectoris Treatment in Schwerin [2023 Prices]
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Coronary13
- In women, elderly persons, and diabetic patients, coronary artery disease may manifest with atypical presentations other than angina pectoris, such as silent ischemia or infarction. (medscape.com)
- Nitric oxide activity is deficient in spasm arteries of patients with coronary spastic angina. (medscape.com)
- Concentration of circulating plasma endothelin in patients with angina and normal coronary angiograms. (medscape.com)
- Although the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes has not been fully elucidated, plaque disruption and thrombus formation are considered to be crucial events in the development of unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. (bmj.com)
- 10-13 Some investigators have reported that culprit lesions in patients with unstable angina are predominantly occupied by soft plaques, while hard plaques are more common in patients with chronic stable coronary disease. (bmj.com)
- Coronary heart diseases include heart attacks , sudden unexpected death, chest pain ( angina ), abnormal heart rhythms , and heart failure due to the weakening of the heart muscle. (medicinenet.com)
- Exertional angina may be the first warning sign of advanced coronary artery disease . (medicinenet.com)
- Angina at rest more commonly indicates that a coronary artery has narrowed to such a critical degree that the heart is not receiving enough oxygen even at rest. (medicinenet.com)
- Angina pectoris definition is described as a chest pain that is caused by a diminished supply of blood to the heart because of a lesion on the walls or valves of the heart, or an obstruction by way of narrowing of the coronary arteries. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
- Patients with diastolic heart failure (HF), i.e., clinical HF with normal or near normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), may develop unstable angina pectoris (UAP) due to epicardial atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and/or to subendocardial ischemia, even in the absence of coronary artery disease. (nih.gov)
- Angina pectoris may be treated with medications, angioplasty, and stenting , or coronary bypass surgery. (mymeditravel.com)
- Severe refractory angina pectoris can occur in end-stage coronary artery disease despite maximal medical and revascularization therapy. (heartlungcirc.org)
- The drug treatment of angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. (jameslindlibrary.org)
Unstable8
- OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in detecting the presence of arterial remodelling in patients with unstable angina. (bmj.com)
- PATIENTS 60 of 95 consecutively admitted patients with unstable angina (41 male, 19 female), mean (SD) age 61.2 (8.1) years. (bmj.com)
- CONCLUSIONS IVUS is capable of detecting adaptive and constrictive remodelling of target lesions and its relation to plaque morphology in unstable angina. (bmj.com)
- There are three types of angina - stable, unstable and prinzmetal's. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
- With unstable angina the symptoms can be more severe and not so predictable. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
- An unstable attack can be a precursor to a heart attack and thus it is taken more seriously than stable angina. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
- Medical attention should be sought immediately at the first sign of unstable angina. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
- Usefulness of positive troponin-T and negative creatine kinase levels in identifying high-risk patients with unstable angina pectoris. (bvsalud.org)
Stable9
- In patients with stable angina pectoris, even the most carefully performed history and physical examination have limitations. (medscape.com)
- Silent ischemia during daily life is an independent predictor of mortality in stable angina. (medscape.com)
- Nicardipine, 30 and 40 mg thrice daily, was administered to 66 patients with stable angina pectoris in a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial. (nih.gov)
- Short- and long-term treatment of stable effort angina with nicardipine, a new calcium channel blocker: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, repeated cross-over study. (nih.gov)
- Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of nicardipine and nifedipine in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris. (nih.gov)
- Comparative efficacy of nicardipine, a new calcium antagonist, versus nifedipine in stable effort angina. (nih.gov)
- Stable angina is the most common and symptoms usually last for a few minutes before they subside, often with the help of nitroglycerine tablets. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
- Angina pectoris or stable angina is temporary chest pain that occurs when the heart muscle needs more blood than it is getting as a result of decreased blood flow, which usually develops during physical activity or strong emotions. (mymeditravel.com)
- A 46-year-old Greek female (weight 60 Kg, height 1.65 cm) with symptomatic stable angina and myocardial ischemia documented at 99mTc-MIBI SPECT scintigraphy admitted to the hospital complaining of retrosternal chest pain appeared at rest one hour before admission. (biomedcentral.com)
Acute respirat1
- Do not attempt to self-treat angina, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acetaminophen poisoning! (empowher.com)
Refractory6
- Intramyocardial, autologous CD34+ cell therapy for refractory angina. (medscape.com)
- Enhanced external counterpulsation improves systolic blood pressure in patients with refractory angina. (medscape.com)
- To illustrate the practical, beneficial and effective use of spinal cord stimulation as a treatment option for refractory angina in a local context. (heartlungcirc.org)
- A case series clinical audit of 11 patients with refractory angina treated with spinal cord stimulation over a one-year period was carried out. (heartlungcirc.org)
- Spinal cord stimulation is an effective medium-term treatment option for refractory angina pectoris with significant benefits to functional parameters and patient symptoms. (heartlungcirc.org)
- Clinical outcome of patients treated with spinal cord stimulation for therapeutically refractory angina pectoris. (heartlungcirc.org)
Types of angina1
- What are the different types of angina pectoris? (mdpathyqa.com)
Shortness of bre1
- Angina is chest pain, chest pressure, often associated with shortness of breath. (medlineplus.gov)
Prinzmetal's2
- Prinzmetal's, is defined as angina that occurs when the patient is at rest, rather than the result of physical exercise. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
- Prinzmetal's angina. (bioblastpharma.com)
Treatment14
- Therefore, Procardia Generic is used in the treatment of angina, a type of heart pain related to poor oxygen supply to the heart muscles. (bioblastpharma.com)
- Treatment of reversible myocardial ischemia-angina pectoris. (who.int)
- With MyMediTravel you can browse 1 facilities offering Angina Pectoris Treatment procedures in Schwerin. (mymeditravel.com)
- The goal of angina pectoris treatment is to reduce the severity and frequency of the symptoms, as well as to lower the risk of heart attack and death. (mymeditravel.com)
- What does a Angina Pectoris Treatment Procedure Involve? (mymeditravel.com)
- How Long Should I Stay in Schwerin for a Angina Pectoris Treatment Procedure? (mymeditravel.com)
- MyMediTravel currently lists 1 facilities in Schwerin offering Angina Pectoris Treatment procedures - see above for the complete list, along with estimated prices. (mymeditravel.com)
- The price of a Angina Pectoris Treatment can vary according to each individual's case and will be determined based on your medical profile and an in-person assessment with the specialist. (mymeditravel.com)
- What's the Recovery Time for Angina Pectoris Treatment Procedures in Schwerin? (mymeditravel.com)
- What sort of Aftercare is Required for Angina Pectoris Treatment Procedures in Schwerin? (mymeditravel.com)
- Spinal cord stimulation is an under-utilized but well-established modality for the treatment of intractable angina pain. (heartlungcirc.org)
- The comparative value of drugs used in the continuous treatment of angina pectoris. (jameslindlibrary.org)
- The prevention and treatment of individual attacks of angina pectoris (angina of effort). (jameslindlibrary.org)
- Treatment of angina pectoris by testosterone propionate. (jameslindlibrary.org)
Chest2
- Angina pectoris (also referred to as angina ) is chest pain or pressure that occurs when the blood and oxygen supply to the heart muscle cannot keep up with the needs of the muscle. (medicinenet.com)
- Angina is a type of chest discomfort due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels of the heart muscle. (medlineplus.gov)
Severe1
- Percutaneous transmyocardial laser revascularisation for severe angina: the PACIFIC randomised trial. (medscape.com)
Systolic2
- In most clinical settings, however, such as hypertension or angina where there is little correlation between plasma levels and clinical effect, propranolol hydrochloride extended-release capsules have been therapeutically equivalent to the same mg dose of conventional propranolol hydrochloride extended-release capsules as assessed by 24-hour effects on blood pressure and on 24-hour exercise responses of heart rate, systolic pressure, and rate pressure product. (nih.gov)
- In angina pectoris, propranolol generally reduces the oxygen requirement of the heart at any given level of effort by blocking the catecholamine-induced increases in the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and the velocity and extent of myocardial contraction. (nih.gov)
Nitrates1
- One of the first steps to treat angina pectoris is with medication, your doctor may give you nitrates, clot-preventing drugs, statins, aspirin, calcium channel blockers, blood pressure-lowering medications, or beta-blockers. (mymeditravel.com)
Oxygen4
- With nicardipine therapy, duration of exercise and cumulative oxygen consumption increased, while times to onset of angina and 1 mm ST segment depression were prolonged. (nih.gov)
- An insufficient supply of oxygen to the heart muscle causes angina. (medicinenet.com)
- Both resting and nitroglycerin decrease the heart muscle's demand for oxygen, thus relieving angina. (medicinenet.com)
- By blocking catecholamine-induced increases in heart rate, in velocity and extent of myocardial contraction, and in blood pressure, metoprolol reduces the oxygen requirements of the heart at any given level of effort, thus making it useful in the long-term management of angina pectoris. (nih.gov)
Exertion1
- Commonly, angina is caused by exertion or emotional stress. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
Symptoms2
- What are the symptoms of angina? (magnesiumandhealth.com)
- Symptoms of CO poisoning are nonspecific and can range from dizziness, headache, and angina pectoris to unconsciousness and death. (egms.de)
Occur1
- Angina also can occur at rest. (medicinenet.com)
Nifedipine3
- Patients taking a beta-blocking drug who begin taking Nifedipine may develop heart failure or increased angina pain. (bioblastpharma.com)
- Angina pain may also increase when your Nifedipine dosage is first started, when it is increased, or if it is abruptly stopped. (bioblastpharma.com)
- Nifedipine may interact with beta-blocking drugs to cause heart failure, very low blood pressure, or an increased incidence of angina pain. (bioblastpharma.com)
Patients2
- The effects of intravenous aminophylline on the capacity of effort without pain in patients with angina of effort. (jameslindlibrary.org)
- A method for the evaluation of the effects of drugs on cardiac pain in patients with angina of effort. (jameslindlibrary.org)
Lasts2
- Exertional angina typically lasts from one to 15 minutes and usually is relieved by rest or by placing a tablet of nitroglycerin under the tongue. (medicinenet.com)
- If the pain only lasts a few seconds or minutes then it's probably not angina. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
Drug1
- A simple, rapid and sensitive RP-HPLC method developed for quantitative determination of an angina pectoris drug i.e. 2,3,4-Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride and its three related substances using C18 150 X 4.6, 5um column and mobile phase consisting of aqueous buffer and Methanol. (rjptonline.org)
Versus1
- Hemingway H, Langenberg C, Damant J, Frost C, Pyorala K, Barrett-Connor E. Prevalence of angina in women versus men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international variations across 31 countries. (medscape.com)
High blood pr1
- Angina pectoris associated with high blood pressure and its relief by amyl nitrate. (jameslindlibrary.org)
Normal1
- An ECG reading can be normal despite angina being present. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
Disease2
- Changes in your angina may mean your heart disease is getting worse. (medlineplus.gov)
- Based on the 1989 U.S. National Health Inter- ter 7, adults with diabetes are more likely than those view Survey (NHIS), 3% of men and women without diabetes to have hypert en sion and age 18-44 years who reported having diabetes dyslipidemia (low levels of high-density lipoprotein, also reported having ischemic heart disease. (nih.gov)
Risk1
- Risk of increased SBP, angina pectoris. (medscape.com)
Doctor1
- If the tests do not show any serious problems but angina is present, then your doctor or cardiologist will probably give you advice on changing your lifestyle habits. (magnesiumandhealth.com)
People1
- People who have angina often receive the medicines below. (medlineplus.gov)