A state of sexual inactivity in female animals exhibiting no ESTROUS CYCLE. Causes of anestrus include pregnancy, presence of offspring, season, stress, and pathology.
The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Luteinizing hormone regulates steroid production by the interstitial cells of the TESTIS and the OVARY. The preovulatory LUTEINIZING HORMONE surge in females induces OVULATION, and subsequent LUTEINIZATION of the follicle. LUTEINIZING HORMONE consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.
The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Peptides, natural or synthetic, that stimulate the release of PITUITARY HORMONES. They were first isolated from the extracts of the HYPOTHALAMUS; MEDIAN EMINENCE; PITUITARY STALK; and NEUROHYPOPHYSIS. In addition, some hypophysiotropic hormones control pituitary cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and hormone synthesis. Some can act on more than one pituitary hormone.
Ruminants of the family Bovidae consisting of Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer. This concept is differentiated from BISON, which refers to Bison bison and Bison bonasus.
In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).
The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.
The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.
The discharge of an OVUM from a rupturing follicle in the OVARY.
A major gonadotropin secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates GAMETOGENESIS and the supporting cells such as the ovarian GRANULOSA CELLS, the testicular SERTOLI CELLS, and LEYDIG CELLS. FSH consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.
The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.
The family Cervidae of 17 genera and 45 species occurring nearly throughout North America, South America, and Eurasia, on most associated continental islands, and in northern Africa. Wild populations of deer have been established through introduction by people in Cuba, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and other places where the family does not naturally occur. They are slim, long-legged and best characterized by the presence of antlers. Their habitat is forests, swamps, brush country, deserts, and arctic tundra. They are usually good swimmers; some migrate seasonally. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1362)
The amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period of time; usually applies to those substances which are formed by glandular tissues and are released by them into biological fluids, e.g., secretory rate of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, secretory rate of gastric acid by the gastric mucosa.
An OOCYTE-containing structure in the cortex of the OVARY. The oocyte is enclosed by a layer of GRANULOSA CELLS providing a nourishing microenvironment (FOLLICULAR FLUID). The number and size of follicles vary depending on the age and reproductive state of the female. The growing follicles are divided into five stages: primary, secondary, tertiary, Graafian, and atretic. Follicular growth and steroidogenesis depend on the presence of GONADOTROPINS.
The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.
The surgical removal of one or both ovaries.
The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus luteum formation, LUTEINIZATION, is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.
Methods for recognizing the state of ESTRUS.
A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.
Gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary or the placenta in horses. This term generally refers to the gonadotropins found in the pregnant mare serum, a rich source of equine CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. Unlike that in humans, the equine LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BETA SUBUNIT is identical to the equine choronic gonadotropin, beta. Equine gonadotropins prepared from pregnant mare serum are used in reproductive studies.
The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The period in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE that follows OVULATION, characterized by the development of CORPUS LUTEUM, increase in PROGESTERONE production by the OVARY and secretion by the glandular epithelium of the ENDOMETRIUM. The luteal phase begins with ovulation and ends with the onset of MENSTRUATION.
The tendency of a phenomenon to recur at regular intervals; in biological systems, the recurrence of certain activities (including hormonal, cellular, neural) may be annual, seasonal, monthly, daily, or more frequently (ultradian).
The period of cyclic physiological and behavior changes in non-primate female mammals that exhibit ESTRUS. The estrous cycle generally consists of 4 or 5 distinct periods corresponding to the endocrine status (PROESTRUS; ESTRUS; METESTRUS; DIESTRUS; and ANESTRUS).
Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR) that stimulate gonadal functions in both males and females. They include FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE that stimulates germ cell maturation (OOGENESIS; SPERMATOGENESIS), and LUTEINIZING HORMONE that stimulates the production of sex steroids (ESTROGENS; PROGESTERONE; ANDROGENS).
Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.
The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.
Implanted fluid propulsion systems with self-contained power source for providing long-term controlled-rate delivery of drugs such as chemotherapeutic agents or analgesics. Delivery rate may be externally controlled or osmotically or peristatically controlled with the aid of transcutaneous monitoring.
Achievement of full sexual capacity in animals and in humans.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.
Nutritional physiology of animals.
Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.
The withholding of food in a structured experimental situation.
The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
A small, unpaired gland situated in the SELLA TURCICA. It is connected to the HYPOTHALAMUS by a short stalk which is called the INFUNDIBULUM.
The time period of daily exposure that an organism receives from daylight or artificial light. It is believed that photoperiodic responses may affect the control of energy balance and thermoregulation.
Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.
A biogenic amine that is found in animals and plants. In mammals, melatonin is produced by the PINEAL GLAND. Its secretion increases in darkness and decreases during exposure to light. Melatonin is implicated in the regulation of SLEEP, mood, and REPRODUCTION. Melatonin is also an effective antioxidant.

Effects of time of suckling during the solar day on duration of the postpartum anovulatory interval in Brahman x Hereford (F1) cows. (1/254)

Previously published reports have indicated that postpartum anovulatory intervals can be markedly reduced and rebreeding performance enhanced in Bos taurus cows by eliminating nighttime suckling. We sought to confirm this hypothesis by examining the effects of day, nighttime, and ad libitum suckling on suckling behavior of calves, duration of the postpartum anovulatory interval, and pregnancy rates in 45 fall-calving Brahman x Hereford (F1) cows. Beginning on d 9 to 12 postpartum, calves were removed from lactating cows from 0700 to 1900 (Night-Suckled, n = 15) or from 1900 to 0700 (Day-Suckled, n = 15), or remained with their dams continuously (Ad Libitum-Suckled, n = 15). Cows in each group were maintained with fertile Angus bulls from d 10 postpartum until the first normal luteal phase or 100 d postpartum, whichever occurred first. Cows were observed for estrous behavior twice daily, and jugular blood samples were collected twice weekly for the determination of serum progesterone concentration. Mean number of suckling episodes per 24 h was greater (P < .0001) for the Ad Libitum-Suckled group than either Night- or Day-Suckled groups (5.9+/-.42 vs 3.8+/-.14, and 3.9+/-.32, respectively). Hourly analysis of suckling episodes in the Ad Libitum group indicated that they were not skewed toward a particular period, with suckling occurring at a periodicity of 4 to 6 h. Intervals to the first rise in progesterone > or = 1 ng/mL (32+/-2.5, 32+/-4.5, and 31+/-1.7 d, respectively), first normal luteal phase (38+/-3.1, 38+/-3.8, and 37+/-2.5 d, respectively), and first estrus (43+/-3.5, 40+/-3.9, and 36+/-1.1 d, respectively) did not differ (P > .05) among the three groups. Similarly, cumulative pregnancy rates within 100 d after calving did not differ (P > .05). These results in Bos indicus x Bos taurus (F1) cattle do not support the previous conclusions in Bos taurus that eliminating nighttime suckling reduces the postpartum anovulatory interval.  (+info)

Active immunization with a synthetic fragment of pig inhibin alpha-subunit increases ovulation rate and embryo production in superovulated ewes but season affects its efficiency. (2/254)

Two experiments were designed to determine the effects of active immunization against one of two synthetic peptides from humans (inhibin-like peptide) or pigs (inhibin alpha-subunit) on antibody titres, ovulation rate and embryo production in ewes superovulated with 16 U ovine FSH. In Expt 1, during the breeding season, 30 ewes were subdivided into three groups: group I served as the non-immunized control; group II was immunized against inhibin-like peptide (100 micrograms inhibin-like peptide equivalent, followed by three booster injections); group III was immunized against pig inhibin alpha-subunit conjugated to human serum albumin (96 micrograms for the primary administration and 46 micrograms for the booster). In Expt 2, the efficiency of immunization against pig inhibin alpha-subunit on ovarian response and embryo production was evaluated during the non-breeding season in two groups of ewes (n = 12): group IV was a non-immunized control; Group V was immunized against pig inhibin alpha-subunit. During the breeding season, the ewes immunized against pig inhibin alpha-subunit showed higher antibody titres compared with the group immunized against inhibin-like peptide (P < 0.01) and a significant increase in ovulation rate (12.1) compared with both the control (5.0; P < 0.05) and the inhibin-like peptide-immunized group (3.1; P < 0.01). Immunization against pig inhibin alpha-subunit increased transferable embryo yield 4.5-fold (6.7 versus 1.5; P < 0.01) and improved embryo quality (94.6 versus 40.6%; P < 0.01). During the non-breeding season, immunization against pig inhibin alpha-subunit enhanced ovulation rate from 2.6 in the controls to 9.4 (P < 0.01) but did not affect transferable embryo production (3.9 versus 2.1; P > 0.05) and significantly lowered their quality (54.1 versus 100%; P < 0.01). In conclusion, active immunization against pig inhibin alpha-subunit can improve superovulatory response during the breeding season, while it appears to be unable to increase embryo yield during the seasonal anoestrus.  (+info)

Oestrogen and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity and c-fos expression in the ovine cervix. (3/254)

Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the presence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the cervices of prepubertal lambs, seasonally anoestrous ewes, cyclic ewes, and pregnant ewes of known gestational stages, to define the roles of gonadal steroids in cervical function. The presence of the immediate early gene product, c-Fos, a marker for cellular activation, was also investigated using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Oestrogen receptor immunoreactivity was restricted to the endometrium on days 0-3 of the oestrous cycle (day 0 = oestrus). In immature animals, very few scattered nuclei in the endometrium were immunoreactive. Oestrogen receptor immunoreactivity was not apparent in the endometrium during the remainder of the oestrous cycle or in this region in anoestrous animals. In pregnant ewes, oestrogen receptor immunostaining appeared as relatively few isolated nuclei in the connective tissue stroma. Progesterone receptor immunoreactivity was found in the endometrium at days 0-3 of the oestrous cycle and also in the luminal epithelium, the myometrium and the blood vessels. Progesterone receptor immunoreactivity was also found in these regions, with the exception of the endometrium, at all other stages examined. Immunostaining for c-Fos was present in the endometrium at days 0-3 of the oestrous cycle, and some scattered immunopositive nuclei were present in prepubertal animals. c-Fos immunoreactivity was also found in the myometrium and in blood vessels at all other stages examined. Visualization of c-fos gene expression by in situ hybridization showed that it occurred in the luminal epithelium and blood vessels at oestrus, but was restricted to the blood vessels in all other samples examined.  (+info)

Effect of progesterone on the GnRH-induced secretion of oestradiol and androstenedione from the autotransplanted ovary of the anoestrous ewe. (4/254)

Two experiments were conducted during the anoestrous period in Border Leicester x Merino ewes with ovarian autotransplants to study the effects of a single injection of 20 mg progesterone on follicular steroid secretion. The aim of these experiments was to determine whether pretreatment with a 20 mg intramuscular injection of progesterone could reduce GnRH-induced ovarian steroid secretion in anoestrous ewes. In both experiments, an injection of 150 ng GnRH induced an LH pulse in all ewes with a maximum concentration 10 min (the first post-injection sample) after injection. Oestradiol and androstenedione secretion increased progressively after the GnRH-induced LH pulse and reached maximum rates of secretion between 60 and 90 min before decreasing slowly to pre-injection rates at 150 min. There were no differences in the pattern of secretion of oestradiol (measured in both experiments) or androstenedione (measured only in Expt 2). In Expt 1, the injection of progesterone 72 h before the challenge with GnRH had no effect on the maximum rate of oestradiol secretion from the autotransplanted ovary. However, in Expt 2, when progesterone was given either 36 or 60 h before GnRH, there was a significant suppression in the maximum rate of secretion of both oestradiol and androstenedione between 60 and 90 min after GnRH injection. These data show that pretreatment of anoestrous sheep with progesterone can suppress LH-stimulated steroid secretion from the ovary and indicate that progesterone may have a direct effect on oestrogenic follicles in sheep.  (+info)

Interactive effects of central leptin and peripheral fuel oxidation on estrous cyclicity. (5/254)

A 48-h period of fasting inhibits estrous cycles in Syrian hamsters, and fasting-induced anestrus can be prevented by intracerebroventricular treatment with leptin during the fasting period. In the present experiment, the effects of intracerebroventricular leptin were blocked by systemic treatment with inhibitors of metabolic fuel oxidation. Leptin was infused continuously into the lateral ventricles (1 microgram/day) during fasting on days 1 and 2 of the estrous cycle. Intraperitoneal injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) was used to block both central and peripheral glucose oxidation, and intragastric treatment with methyl palmoxirate (MP) was used to inhibit peripheral long-chain fatty acid oxidation during the fasting and leptin-treatment period. 2DG or MP were administered at doses that did not induce anestrus in ad libitum-fed hamsters. Despite elevated central levels of leptin, fasting-induced anestrus occurred in hamsters treated with either 2DG or MP. Thus an elevated intracerebroventricular leptin concentration is not a sufficient condition for normal estrous cycles when fuel oxidation is inhibited. These results raise the possibility that central leptin influences reproduction by indirect effects on peripheral fuel metabolism.  (+info)

Hormonal control of urokinase plasminogen activator secretion by sheep ovarian surface epithelial cells. (6/254)

Secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) by ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) adjacent to the preovulatory ovine follicle has been implicated in apical tissue degradation and follicular rupture. In vitro experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that uPA release by OSE is under direct hormonal control. Epithelial cells were isolated from the ovarian surface of sheep using a polytetrafluorethylene scraper designed to dislodge adherent cells from culture flasks. Amidolytic cleavage of a uPA-specific chromogen (carbobenzoxy-L-gamma-glutamyl [alpha-ot-but]-glycyl-arginine-p-nitroanilide monoacetate) was used as a measure of enzymatic bioactivity in OSE-conditioned incubation media. Secretion of uPA by OSE suspensions from proestrous ewes was stimulated by exposure (2 h) to a preovulatory surge-like concentration of LH. OSE cells obtained during the luteal phase or anestrus were not responsive to LH. Baseline rates of uPA secretion and expression of estradiol receptors (in situ immunofluorescence detection) were not affected by reproductive status. Induction of uPA secretion by anestrous OSE was attained after priming (6 h) with estradiol-17beta; responsiveness was attributed to gonadotropin receptor (ligand binding) up-regulation. Monolayers of OSE established on polyethylene membranes secreted uPA predominately in a basal (i.e., toward the substratum) direction. We suggest that OSE in juxtaposition with the (hyperemic) wall of the preovulatory follicle is perfused by surge levels of LH, invoking uPA release into underlying ovarian tissues.  (+info)

Ovarian function in nutritionally induced anoestrous cows: effect of exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in vivo and effect of insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in vitro. (7/254)

Ovarian function of nutritionally induced anoestrus cows was evaluated in vivo (Expt 1) and in vitro (Expt 2). In Expt 1, 32 nutritionally induced anoestrous beef cows were divided into four treatment groups receiving: (1) saline infusions at one pulse every 4 h for 13 days (control); (2) 2 micrograms GnRH at one pulse every 4 h (2 micrograms infused in 1.8 ml saline over 5 min) for 13 days (GnRH-4); (3) 2 micrograms GnRH at one pulse every 1 h for 13 days (GnRH-1); and (4) continuous infusion of 2 micrograms GnRH (a total of 2 micrograms in 34 ml h-1) for 13 days (GnRH-C). On the last day of treatment, cows were killed, ovaries were removed and follicular fluid samples (n = 149) were collected. The percentage of cows with luteal activity on day 13 was significantly different (P < 0.01) among treatments (0, 25, 75 and 25% for control, GnRH-4, GnRH-1 and GnRH-C cows, respectively). Owing to the large percentage of ovulatory cows in the GnRH-1 group (n = 6), anovulatory cows (n = 2) were removed from this treatment group for statistical analysis, as were cows with luteal tissue from the GnRH-4 (n = 2) and GnRH-C (n = 2) groups. The numbers of small (1.0-4.9 mm) and medium plus large (> or = 5 mm) follicles were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatment. However, GnRH-4 cows (n = 6) had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of oestradiol in follicular fluid than did control (n = 8) but not GnRH-1 (n = 6) or GnRH-C (n = 6) cows. Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I were greater (P < 0.05) in the follicular fluid of GnRH-1 cows than in all other treatment groups. Concentrations of androstenedione and progesterone in follicular fluid were not affected (P > 0.10) by treatment or follicle size. The binding activity of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins was not affected by GnRH treatment. However, the binding activity of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2, 29-32 kDa and 22 kDa insulin-like growth factor binding proteins were greater (P < 0.05) in small versus medium plus large follicles. In Expt 2, granulosa cells were collected from nutritionally anoestrous cows to determine whether ovarian cells from anoestrous cows have the capacity to respond to insulin-like growth factor I or insulin in vitro. Both insulin-like growth factor I (20 and 200 ng ml-1) and insulin (10, 100 and 1000 ng ml-1) increased (P < 0.05) granulosa cell proliferation and progesterone production. In conclusion, pulsatile infusion of 2 micrograms GnRH (every 1 or 4 h) for 13 days into nutritionally induced anoestrous cows results in increased intrafollicular oestradiol and insulin-like growth factor I concentrations and can stimulate ovulation without markedly affecting concentrations of androstenedione or progesterone, or the binding activity of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins, in follicular fluid. In addition, granulosa cells from nutritionally induced anoestrous cows have the capacity to respond to insulin-like growth factor I and insulin in vitro, indicating that the decrease in trophic factors observed with restricted feeding does not reduce the response of the ovary to insulin-like growth factor I and insulin.  (+info)

Segmental aplasia of the left paramesonephric duct in the cow. (8/254)

Segmental aplasia of the left uterine horn in a multiparous Holstein cow was diagnosed by palpation and ultrasonography. Treatment with prostaglandin was unsuccessful in eliminating the fluid from the distended uterine horn. Segmental aplasia should be included in the list of differential diagnoses for cows with nonresponsive uterine enlargement.  (+info)

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Antioxidant Enzymes in Postpartum Anoestrus Buffaloes Supplemented with Vitamin E and Selenium - Vitamin E;Selenium;Anoestrus;Antioxidant Enzymes;
During the autumn/winter/spring periods of three seasons, 32 pure and crossbred Irish Draught mares were stabled and maintained under extended daylength of 16 hours light beginning December 16th. Prior to the first ovulatory oestrus following a period of acyclicity (seasonal anoestrus), all mares were examined at intervals of no more than 7-10 days, more frequently when follicular activity increased and at least once daily for at least 11 days before ovulation and when a follicle reached 35 mm. All follicles of 20 mm or larger were measured and recorded. In the absence of any follicle in either ovary larger than 20 mm, the diameter of any smaller follicle was also recorded. It was therefore possible to trace back from the time of ovulation, the diameter of the ovulatory follicle during its development. Where over several days, one follicle in an ovary regressed, it was assumed that another initially smaller follicle in the same ovary had grown to overtake the larger and progressed to ovulation. ...
The present study was planned to assess the oestrus induction and fertility response in anoestrus Frieswal cross-bred heifers subjected to various treatment protocols. The blood plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, copper and Mn were significantly low in anoestrus Frieswal heifers as compared to normal cyclic heifers.
Body condition scoring is a tool that can be used to estimate the energy reserves of cattle. In the beef industry a 9-point scale is used, with 1 being emaciated and 9 being obese (Kunkle, Sand, and Rae 1997). Using BCS, producers can estimate the energy balance of their herd, which is critical to reproductive efficiency. Reports have shown that by 80 days postpartum 62% of cows with a BCS of 4 or lower at calving were experiencing estrous cycles compared to 88%-98% that calved at a BCS of 5-6. Experiments have also demonstrated that cows with a BCS of 4 or lower had pregnancy rates of 61%, in contrast to 90% for those cows that calved with a BCS of 5 or greater (Selk et al. 1986).. Females with restricted intake of energy have decreased levels of LH secretion, which is the hormone that signals ovulation. Beef cows with inadequate energy reserves or poor BCS typically have several follicular waves before their first ovulation. Thus, energy reserves and intake affect the length of time until the ...
BACKGROUND: In mare, different methods of earlier cyclicity induction and hastening first ovulation of the year have been reported. OBJECTIVES: The goal of present study was to investigate the effect of progesterone (Cue-mate®) on synchronization and acceleration the first ovulation of the year in winter anestrous mares under artificial lighting system. METHODS: After detection of anestrus mares, artificial lighting regimen of 16h light was conducted since early December for both treatment and control groups mares. After detecting of 25 mm follicle on the ovary, treatment group mares received Cue-Mate and examined through rectal ultrasound until follicle reached in size of 35mm, when Cue-mate was removed. Daily ultrasound examination and teasing were done until detection of ovulation. RESULTS: Based on our results, no significant difference in rate of ovulation (66% vs 60%) and size of ovulatory follicle were existed between treatment and control group. In addition to, despite of decreasing time
Twenty-eight Columbia ewes were made available for study during their breeding and anestrous seasons. After the regularity of the estrous cycles had been established, eight of the ewes were sacrificed in pairs at four different stages of the estrous cycle. Eight additional ewes were sacrificed during anestrus. Pituitary glands, ovaries, uteri, thyroids and adrenals were grossly observed, removed and weighed. The anterior pituitaries were lyophilized and assayed on a unit weight basis for gonadotropic content by the use of hypophysectomized, immature, female rats. Mean gonadotropic activity of the anterior pituitaries, as indicated by the ovarian weight response in the rats, was higher during the anestrous season than during the breeding season. Mean ICSH activity, as indicated by stimulation of the ovarian interstitial tissue of the rats, was simila for both seasons, while mean FSH activity, as indicated by ovarian follicle diameter in the assay rats, was significantly higher during anestrus ...
Eazi-Breed CIDR Sheep Inserts & Applicators (Sold Separately). Each insert contains 0.3g Progesterone. Use for induction of estrus in sheep during seasonal anestrus.
Eazi-Breed CIDR Sheep Inserts & Applicators (Sold Separately). Each insert contains 0.3g Progesterone. Use for induction of estrus in sheep during seasonal anestrus.
Christensen, A C M and Haresign, W and Khalid, M (2014) Progesterone exposure of seasonally anoestrous ewes alters the expression of angiogenic growth factors in preovulatory follicles. Theriogenology, 81 (2). pp. 358-367. ...
ogesterone analysis to determine if hypoluteoidism occurs. If the progesterone concentration falls below 2 ng/ ml, the bitch will likely resorb or abort the fetus, depending on the stage of gestation; therapy in such cases involves supplementation with progesterone until day 50. Inappropriately treating a bitch that does not require such therapy, however, can lead to abnormal development of the fetus (e.g., masculinization of the females) and potential problems with parturition.. 2 Failure to Cycle:. Potential differential diagnoses for a bitch that apparently fails to cycle may be investigated by answering the following questions.. Has the bitch ever had an oestrous cycle? The age of the bitch that has never displayed signs of an oestrous cycle (primary anestrus) must first be determined. A bitch is not routinely evaluated for primary anestrus until she is beyond two to three years of age, although bitches of many breeds (especially of smaller stature) normally experience a first oestrus ...
Ewes are seasonally polyestrous,cycling every 16-17 days during the breeding season. The major environmental factor controlling the estrous cycle is the photoperiod. Decreasing photoperiod after the summer solstice causes secretion of melatonin, which triggers the hypothalamus to produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Geographic location and environmental temperatures also modify the length of anestrus, as does the breed of sheep. Fine-wool breeds (eg. Rambouillet and Merino), tropical breeds, and Dorsets have a shorter anestrous period than other breeds such as the Suffolk, Hampshire, Border Leicester, and Columbia. Regardless of this breed-related variation in the length of the breeding season, all breeds are most fertile in the autumn, and anestrus is an unlikely problem associated with regular annual mating.. The duration of estrus (~30 hr.) is influenced by the breed and age of the ewe, the onset of puberty, the presence of the male, and the season. Estrous periods that occur in the autumn ...
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The present study was conducted to measure the concentration of progesterone throughout gestation and parturition in control and treated bitches. Thirty anestrus bitches aged 3-6 years and weighting 19.5-26 kg were used in this study. The bitches were divided equally into three groups as follows: the 1st group as a control group without treatment, the 2nd group as a treated group anestrus bitches treated orally with 0.125 mg/kg BW bromocriptine (Parlodel) twice daily, and the 3rd group treated orally by 0.012 mg/kg BW cabergoline (Dostinex) until appearance of estrus signs. The results showed that the number of responded animals were in proestrus bleeding and became pregnant and new born 70%, 60% and 50% for control, bromocriptine, and cabergoline treated groups, respectively. In addition, there were no significant differences (P≤0.01) in progesterone concentration between the control and treated pregnant bitches. It can be concluded that both medicines bromocriptine and cabergoline have no ...
By Heather Smith Thomas. One of the most challenging parts of breeding season is getting every mare safely in foal. Dr. James Bailey, a practitioner with Royal Vista Southwest, an equine reproduction-focused practice in Purcell, Okla., deals with broodmare challenges on a regular basis. Mare owners should always be thinking about the next breeding season, looking at mares in the fall before they cease cycling (anestrus), he said. This is a good time to do a work-up on mares that are open. Our basic work-up here includes palpation, ultrasonic evaluation, examination of the cervix, uterine biopsy, and uterine culture (assessing for microbial growth in the laboratory). The culture should include aerobic bacteria, and the veterinarian might also want to culture for anaerobic bacteria as well as fungal infections-depending on the age of the mare and the problems that have been encountered with her in the past. At this time we also try to diagnose and evaluate any conformation problems and do a ...
Irish dairy herd fertility has been declining since the 1980s. The extent, nature and causes of this decline in fertility and the current status of Irish dairy herd fertility were described. An increase in calving interval of approximately one day per year has been recorded. The principal components of this trend have been an increased incidence of postpartum endocrinopathies, reduced expression of oestrus and a fall in conception rate. Both submission rate and calving-to-service interval have increased slightly over time. Significant risk factors associated with these trends have been strain substitution within the Holstein-Friesian breed and single trait selection for milk production. Critically, these changes have been reflected in loss of body condition. Contributory factors included increased herd size and possibly increased use of DIYAI. The most recent Irish study showed that 48% of cows conceived to first service and 14% of cows were not pregnant at the end of the industry-average 15-week spring
At the end of last breeding season, my mare was cultured before the fall transition to make sure she was clean going into anestrus for the winter. My vet fractured the culture tip off inside my mares uterus. My mare had two rounds of high volume lavage with oxytocin follow up (plus she was nursing a foal at the time). The tip was never visibly recovered. My vet was never able to scan the tip in utero with 100% confidence. Is there any chance she expelled the culture tip on her own? Has anyone else ever had this happen to them? Whats next? The mare has been recultured this spring and is clean and ready to go. Should I try to have here scoped before I go forward and try to inseminate her on her next cycle ...
Weather has always been the #1 topic of conversation for anyone in agriculture. Changing weather patterns have made it even more topical. Current research suggests that there could be many more days of high temperature, and that means a growing potential for heat stressed dairy cows. For those of us in the dairy business, this trend has the potential to dramatically impact all aspects of the industry from breeding to milk production.. Lets Start with the Bad News First. Numerous studies have documented the challenges (Jordan, 2003; Rensis, 2003; West, 2004) which impact reproductive performance. Heat stressed cows eat less and this nutrition deficit results in prolonged postpartum anestrus and impaired embryonic development. In addition, this inadequate nutrient intake reduces body condition score and causes cessation of estrus cycles. Unfortunately, symptoms induced by heat stress gradually pile on and the ultimate result is that the success of gestation is severely compromised even after the ...
Unlike most people I saw in the reactions and comment section, my first reaction was not an LOL or laughing emoji. What came to my mind immediately was: is this blackface? I cringed, watched the video to completion and read the comments. I wanted badly for someone to ask on my behalf, is this blackface, is this racism? My discomfort with the video seemed to be my own until I asked close friends who were equally taken aback by the blackface. Something is clearly wrong with this video and to understand what it is, one must first delve into colourism, racism, and blackface.. Black people cannot be racist because we do not have the institutional, social and historical power that our non-black friends have. We do not have all the benefits that fall under the umbrella term: white privilege. However, this does not mean brown/people of colour cannot be problematic.. Discrimination on the basis of colour among people of colour is a thing. Colourism is a real problem. Historically and today, being ...
The Blackface Sheep Breeders Association maintains a list of sales, shows and district events covering Scotland and the north of England.
The estrus cycle (also œstrus or estrous cycle) refers to the recurring physiologic changes that are induced by reproductive hormones in most mammalian placental females (humans and great apes are the only mammals who undergo a menstrual cycle instead). Estrus cycles start after puberty in sexually mature females and are interrupted by anestrous phases (see below: anestrus). Typically estrus cycles continue until death. Some animals may display bloody vaginal discharge, often mistaken for menstruation ...
Fos induction in the rostral ARC following male exposure.Representative bright-field photomicrographs showing greater Fos immuno-localization in anestrous ewes
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Genetic analyses of sensory characteristics and relationships with fatty acid composition in the meat from Scottish Blackface lambs. AU - Karamichou, E.. AU - Richardson, R. I.. AU - Nute, G. R.. AU - Wood, J. D.. AU - Bishop, S. C.. PY - 2007/11. Y1 - 2007/11. N2 - Genetic parameters for eating quality assessed by trained taste panellists were estimated on longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle in Scottish Blackface lambs, comprising lines previously divergently selected for carcass lean content (FAT and LEAN lines) as well as crosses between these lines. Also, relationships between eating quality assessments and fatty acid composition were investigated. Eating quality and fatty acid phenotypic measurements were made on 350 male lambs at ca. 8 months of age. Eating quality measurements included 18 descriptive terms and fatty acid composition measurements included in total 17 fatty acids of three types: saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. The FAT line had ...
Figure 2: Hormonal development during oestrus cycle.. Out of these, Progesterone has been chosen to be analysed by Herd Navigator™ because it is the one that can provide the most information about the reproductive status of the cow throughout the whole lactation.. After calving the cow has no ovarian activity (anoestrus) and will not produce any progesterone. After some weeks the cow will start ovarian activity, will show heat signs and ovulate. After the ovulation the corpus luteum will be formed in the ovary and start producing Progesterone. Progesterone production will cease when the cow is approaching a new heat and will restart again after the new ovulation. This cycle is repeated every 18 to 24 days until the cow becomes pregnant. In this case the corpus luteum will continue producing Progesterone to maintain the pregnancy (Figure 3). Progesterone production will continue until calving unless the cow aborts, in this case Progesterone production will stop.. ...
Figure 2: Hormonal development during oestrus cycle.. Out of these, Progesterone has been chosen to be analysed by Herd Navigator™ because it is the one that can provide the most information about the reproductive status of the cow throughout the whole lactation.. After calving the cow has no ovarian activity (anoestrus) and will not produce any progesterone. After some weeks the cow will start ovarian activity, will show heat signs and ovulate. After the ovulation the corpus luteum will be formed in the ovary and start producing Progesterone. Progesterone production will cease when the cow is approaching a new heat and will restart again after the new ovulation. This cycle is repeated every 18 to 24 days until the cow becomes pregnant. In this case the corpus luteum will continue producing Progesterone to maintain the pregnancy (Figure 3). Progesterone production will continue until calving unless the cow aborts, in this case Progesterone production will stop.. ...
Intercalving period factor is cost effective parameter for sustainable milk business. By studying the nutritional status of our animals and available resources of feeds and fodder within our jurisdiction we are facing major problems like repeat breeding and anoestrus. To over come this problem, from June 2013 we have started the special Infertility camps for such animals. Modus operand for these camps is our Veterinarian visits the DCS for examining and treating the animals. In these camps we specially focus on the nutritional status of the animals, and accordingly we advice the farmers. We also take the awareness programmes about the use of mineral mixture, balanced cattle feed and the fodder. Till date we have good results of these camps and also excellent feedback about the use of mineral mixture. This programme is now part and parcel of our Animal Husbandry activities ...
James Lynch (B. Devizes, Wiltshire, 1956) Blackface Sheep Signed and dated 88 Watercolour and gouache 16 x 19.88ins (40.5 x 50.5cm)
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It is important to properly develop heifers before the breeding season and to continue managing them during and after the calving season. ...
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The hypothesis that pregnancy success could be improved in early postpartum ewes by prolonging the lifespan of the corpus luteum via active immunization against prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was tested. Further experiments in ewes immunized against PGF2α investigated the effects of exogenous PGF2α on the preovulatory follicle and the effects of PGF2α and oestradiol benzoate on corpus luteum function. Four weeks prepartum, 39 ewes bred to lamb during seasonal anoestrus received either 5 mg PGF2α-ovalbumin conjugate (n = 20; immunized) or ovalbumin (n = 19; control) in Freunds complete adjuvant. Treatments were repeated on day 5 post partum with reagents emulsified in Freunds incomplete adjuvant. On day 17 post partum, ewes received 500 iu pregnant mares serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and 48 h later 50 μg gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Laparoscopy was performed 36 h after GnRH to assess ovarian activity and ewes with recent ovulations were inseminated into the uterus. No immunized ewes ...
Regu-Mate provides safe, effective suppression of estrus in mares - 95% effective after 3 days of treatment. Suppression of estrus allows for a predictable occurrence of estrus following drug withdrawal in mares with ovarian follicles 20 mm or greater. Regu Mate will facilitate attainment of regular cyclicity during the transition from winter anestrus to the physiological breeding season. Allows for management of prolonged estrus conditions and breeding schedules to maximize breeding efficiency. Contains 2.2 mg altrenogest per ml. Dosage: 1 ml per 110 lbs body weight orally with dose syringe or by placing directly on feed, for 15 consecutive days. 15-day treatment regimen allows performance horses to compete at their best. Contraindicated for use in mares having a previous or current history of uterine inflammation. Pregnant women or women who suspect they are pregnant should not handle Regu-Mate.View Manufacturer and/or Label Information: Regu-Mate® Solution
Horses are long day breeders that depend on natural sun light for reproductive function. Mares are seasonal polyestrous animals that have multiple estrous cycles throughout the warmer months of the year. During periods of shorter daylight and colder weather, reproductive cyclicity in the mare becomes more irregular, eventually leading to a period of anestrus, or lack of estrus or heat. Stallions also experience a decrease in the number of sperm produced and variable shrinkage of the testis in response to shorter daylight. Consequently, reproduction in both stallions and mares slows down in the northern hemisphere during this time of year and mares will not resume predictive and continuous estrous cycles until around April. The horse industry has determined that January 1st of every year is the day at which a horse gains a year in age. As a result, foals born later in the year are at a distinct competitive disadvantage if their biological age is less than their registered age. This is especially ...
Exposing cows to bulls or excretory products of bulls stimulates resumption of ovarian cycling activity in postpartum, suckled, anestrous cows. This biostimulatory effect may be mediated by pheromones produced by bulls that stimulate physiological changes in metabolic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis of cows. In Experiment 1, the hypotheses tested were that concentrations of glucose, NEFA, thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), and T3:T4 ratios do not differ between cows exposed to bulls or steers. The biostimulatory effect of bulls was associated with lower mean concentrations of NEFA in postpartum cows. Experiment 2 was designed to determine if continuous (24-h daily) bull exposure alters temporal patterns of leptin concentrations in postpartum, anestrous cows. Cows exposed to bulls that resumed cycling activity after the start of the experiment tended to have higher leptin concentrations by the end of the 30-d exposure period than cows not exposed to bulls. ...
Due to man-made time constraints with breed registries, many breeders want to speed up the onset of the breeding season to have foals born as close to January 1 as possible. So how do we match up the natural breeding season with the man-made operational breeding season?
Its not that our Minnesota forebears didnt know that minstrelsy was a racial insult against a whole group of their fellow citizens, its that they did it anyway.
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Summary. Thirty primiparous suckling beef cows were slaughtered on Day 7, 14, 28,42 or 56 after parturition. Some had resumed oestrous cyclicity by the time they were slaughtered on Days 42 and 56. Amongst acyclic cows between Days 7 and 42, pituitary LH concentrations and basal and GnRH-induced release of LH from pituitary explants doubled. Pituitary FSH concentration and basal release in FSH increased only by 15-20%, while GnRH-induced release of FSH in vitro was unchanged. During post-partum anoestrus, overall mean concentrations of serum FSH did not change, whereas overall mean concentrations and pulse amplitudes of serum LH increased. Numbers and affinity constants of GnRH-binding sites in pituitary glands remained constant during the post-partum period studied. We conclude that, under these experimental conditions, numbers and affinity constants of GnRH-binding sites in the pituitary gland of post-partum beef cows do not limit the ability of the anterior pituitary gland to release ...
An experiment was carried out to provide a data set specifically designed to allow the development of a model to describe the dynamic behaviour of radiocaesium in sheep tissues. A single intraruminal dose of 134CsCl was given to each of 15 Scottish Blackface ewes, aged 1-2 years. Radiocaesium activity concentrations were measured at various time intervals after dosing in blood, faeces and urine and, after slaughter, in a range of tissues and digestive tract contents. A first order compartment model was developed comprising nine compartments representing various organs and tissues in the body. Rate constants for the model were obtained by optimisation to the experimental results. A limited validation of the model was carried out by using it to calculate tissue transfer coefficients (Ff) and biological half-lives (0.5) of radiocaesium in sheep. The values generated compare favourably with published figures. Applications for the model and constraints on its usage are examined along with ...
Observing cattle activity during breeding season can improve breeding performance. Cows and bulls experiencing undesirable conditions during breeding season can result in reduced pregnancy rates.
The article linked below appeared in the Washington Post this week. In it, author Rhae Lynn Barnes dissects the events and revelations of the last few weeks and calls out the blackface minstrel show as, American as the ruling class.. https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/yes-politicians-wore-blackface-it-used-to-be-all-american-fun/2019/02/08/821b268c-2b0d-11e9-b011-d8500644dc98_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.d94d83658385. Following here is an article I wrote on the same subject twenty years ago and published in The Chronicle for Higher Education. Sorry to observe that we havent progressed all that much in over two decades. RB). The thorny roles of race in North American theatre. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Nov 13, 1998, Vol. 45, Iss. 12, pg. B6. By Robin Breon. THE IMAGE of the entertainer in blackface is central to the iconography of North American popular culture. From the 19th century minstrel shows, through vaudeville and burlesque, to countless films featuring Al Jolson, ...
Definition of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and evaluation of the safety and tolerability of multiple injections of IMCgp100 for each of two treatment regimens (weekly dosing and daily dosing ...
...who got gunned down for tryna ram the White House gates? http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/attempt-ram-white-house-gate-ends-female-suspect/story?id=20460948
Wild boar are seasonal breeders. In European male wild boar, sexual activity and testosterone production are triggered by decreasing day length, reaching a peak in October and November when the rut occurs. During the peak of testosterone production, one wild boar under study refused food for a six week period and lost approximately 25% of body weight. In the breeding season the normally solitary males move into female groups and rival males fight for dominance, whereupon the largest and most dominant males achieve the most matings. A wild boar sow, in Europe, is in oestrus with a 21 day cycle from autumn until June/July, at which time she becomes anoestrus until the next autumn. The start of the autumn oestrus in European wild boar may be triggered by nutritional status or day length. The nutritional status of the sow is important for breeding success.The odour from steroidal pheromones present in the male wild boars saliva stimulates receptivity in sows. ;Reproductive activity is seasonal. ...
ABSTRACT. The effect of hormone therapy on the induction of breeding activity in anoestrous Angora goat does was investigated. The best breeding response was obtained with a MAP sponge+PMSG+HCG treatment. Treatment with MAP sponges+PMSG+LH-RH only, induced overt oestrus but, according to the results, failed to induce a functionally active corpus luteum subsequent to oestrus. LH-RH therapy alone, failed to induce any breeding response.. Uittreksel. INDUSERING VAN GESLAGSAKTIWITEIT BY ANGORABOKOOIE IN ANESTRUS. Die invloed van hormoonterapie op die indusering van geslagsaktiwiteit by Angorabokooie in teelrus is ondersoek. Die beste teelreaksie is met MAP-spons+DMSG+MCG-behandeling verkry. Behandeling met MAP-spons+DMSG+LH-VH her bronstigheid by diere veroorsaak, maar volgens die resultate, nie n daaropvolgende aktiewe corpus luteum tot gevolg gehad nie. LH- VH-behandeling het geen teelreaksie tot gevolg gehad nie.. ...
Leptin (Lep) is known for its involvement in the regulation of reproductive functions. It is important for uterine receptivity, implantation, placental growth and maternal energy homeostasis in several species, but Leps function in the pregnant dog has not been investigated. Pregnant bitches were ovariohysterectomized at pre-implantation, post-implantation, mid-gestation and prepartum luteolysis. Two additional groups were treated with aglepristone in mid-gestation, and ovariohysterectomized 24 or 72 h later. Lep and leptin receptor (LepR) gene expression was detected by semi-quantitative real-time PCR in pre-implantation and inter-placental uterine sections (Ut) and in utero-placental compartments (Ut/Pl). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed for Lep and LepR protein and mRNA localization. Parametric one-way ANOVA, paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis. In the Ut/Pl, Lep expression was higher at post-implantation and prepartum
And this is precisely what Colbert does with regard to politics: he engages in Conservativeface. He needs no makeup or bulbous appendage to play a conservative - after all, conservatives come in every shape and size. Instead, he acts as though he is a conservative - an idiotic, racist, sexist, bigoted, brutal conservative. He out-Archie Bunkers Archie Bunker. His audience laughs and scoffs at brutal religious Colbert who wishes to persecute gays; they chortle at evil sexist Colbert who thinks men are victims of sexism. This is the purpose of Colberts routine. His show is about pure hatred for conservatives in the same way that blackface was about pure hatred of blacks. In order to justify their racism, racists had to create a false perception of blacks; in the same way, Colbert and his audience can justify their racism only by creating a false perception of conservatives. ...
By Olaolu Oladipo, Lagos. The leadership of the Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) has expressed condition for participating in the forthcoming dialogue with the Federal Government. According to the group, it wants a genuine attitude and a conducive atmosphere that will make it commit to any proposed dialogue and last peace talk.. In a statement issued on Monday, “We want the Federal Government to commit member states of the multinational oil corporations to commit independent mediators to this proposed dialogue.. “We believed that it is only such environment that will engender genuine dialogue that will be aimed at setting up a framework for achieving the short, medium and long term demands of the Niger delta to de-escalating this conflict and bring about a lasting ...
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Similarly, the Herring story is very...unusual. Just days ago, he slammed Northam for wearing blackface. When Herring made that attack, it must have been the case that: (1) He forgot his own bad behavior, or (2) He remembered, but expected it to remain buried, or to be unprovable (i.e., no photo evidence). What has changed, then? If its #1, then someone must have refreshed Herrings memory. And if its #2, then someone must have made clear to him that there is hard evidence, and that its dissemination was imminent. Either way, it points to the involvement of a second party in the last few days. And if that second party merely said, Hey Mark, dont forget that Kurtis Blow bit we did all those years ago, then the second option from above would presumably have kicked in. That is to say, even if he forgot and than was reminded, Herring likely would have tried to keep it on the down-low, because this is dangerously close to un-survivable, particularly after wagging his finger at Northam. Better to ...
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Keen interest and excellent clearance was seen at the 11th production sale of pedigree in lamb Charollais ewes held at Builth Wells on behalf of Tim Pritch
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When do mares start to show pregnancy? Spooks was bred at the end of June, and she was pretty trim then. Shes keeping a good, fit weight right now,
As the days shorten, the mare returns to a period when she is not sexually receptive, known as anestrus. Anestrus - occurring ... The uterus becomes flaccid during anestrus. Cervix: the cervix starts to relax right before estrus occurs, with maximal ...
4. Anestrus is the remaining period, the time of reproductive quiescence. The female has no attraction to mating. Anestrus ...
Anestrus in females lasts from September until February. The female raises its kits without help from the male. They are 1.5 to ...
Induction of oestrus in anoestrus cows. Treatment of follicular cysts Persistent ovarian follicles Improve oocyte quality ...
Anestrus refers to the phase when the sexual cycle rests. This is typically a seasonal event and controlled by light exposure ... Anestrus is induced by time of year, pregnancy, lactation, significant illness, chronic energy deficit, and possibly age. ... Other spellings include anoestrus, anestrum, and anoestrum. After completion (or abortion) of a pregnancy, some species have ... Horses mate in spring and summer; autumn is a transition time, and anestrus occurs during winter. A feature of the fertility ...
"Long day" breeders cycle when days get longer (spring) and are in anestrus in fall and winter. Some animals that are long day ... At other times of the year, they will be anestrus, or have a dearth of their sexual cycle. Unlike reproductive cyclicity, ... "Short day" breeders cycle when the length of daylight shortens (fall) and are in anestrus in spring and summer. The decreased ... Changes in gonadotropin secretion initiate the end of anestrus in females. Seasonal breeding readiness is strongly regulated by ...
There are four stages of estrous: proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus. A dog in estrus, also known as being "in heat", ...
"Seasonal modulation of puberty and the postpartum anestrus in cattle: A review". Livestock Production Science. 12 (4): 309-327 ...
Stewart, K. J. (1988). "Suckling and lactational anoestrus in wild gorillas (Gorilla gorilla)". Journal of Reproduction and ...
... on estrus induction in sheep in physiological anestrus. Reguliatsiia i intensifikatsiia protsessov razmnozheniia ...
Foam cells - sometimes seen during anestrus, and are simply nondescript cells with large vacuoles. Early- to mid-proestrus - ... The final stage of estrous is anestrus, which is characterized by predominantly non-cornified squamous epithelial cells, such ...
It is also used for treating of postweaning anestrus in economically important farm animals. For these purposes, alfaprostol is ...
... during seasonal anestrus. Seasonal anestrus is when ewes do not have regular estrous cycles outside the natural breeding season ...
Most mares enter an anestrus period during the winter and thus do not cycle in this period. Foals are generally weaned from ...
As the days shorten, the mare returns to the anestrus period when she is not sexually receptive. Anestrus prevents the mare ... As the days shorten, most mares enter an anestrus period during the winter and thus do not cycle in this period. The ... Therefore, many breeding farms begin to put mares "under lights" in late winter in order to bring them out of anestrus early ...
The sow remains in anoestrus for prolonged periods, often as long as 115 days. These animals may exhibit varying degrees of ...
A period of anestrus follows pregnancy or pseudo-pregnancy, there being only one oestral period during each breeding season. ...
Adult cattle may show reproductive signs such as anoestrus, irregular oestrus patterns, agalactia, abortion, and infertility.[ ...
They have lower reproductive output, delayed implantation, lactation anoestrus, winter anoestrus, longer estrous and longer ...
They are enclosed in a conical bursa and have the dimensions 4×2.5×0.5 cm (1.57×0.98×0.20 in) during anestrus. The oviducts are ...
Unlike in humans, trisomy X in dogs is strongly linked to infertility, either primary anestrus or infertility with an otherwise ...
Dams may return to estrus, fail to farrow despite being anestrus, farrow few pigs per litter, or farrow a large proportion of ...
... and a lack of anestrus). Horses also occasionally show anemia and elevated Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels. EMS ...
... anestrus MeSH G08.520.188.374 - diestrus MeSH G08.520.188.500 - estrus MeSH G08.520.188.500.500 - estrus synchronization MeSH ...
... and lactational anoestrus may not occur. Alloparenting (care by females different from the mother) has been observed in captive ...
... anoestrus, silent oestrus, metritis, and decreases in milk yield when C. burnetii is the major cause of these problems. ...
LH and FSH response after repeated low doses of GnRH analogue (buserelin) in treatment of anovulatory anoestrus in dairy cows. ... Ultrasound observation of ovarian dynamic after treatment of postpartum anoestrus dairy cows by GnRH and eCG. Reproduction in ... Effects of two different hormonal treatments (progesterone and GnRH+PGF2a) on the dairy cows with postpartum anoestrus. ... Postpartum anoestrus in smallholder cross-bred dairy cattle. Proceedings of the 3rd AAAP Animal Science Congress May 6-10, 1985 ...
If cows do not exhibit estrous or are still in anestrus, the chances for those females to cycle or get bred early in the ... Therefore, effective planning for reproductive health and limiting the impact of anestrus will ensure that cows are set up for ... After calving, cows go through postpartum anestrus, a period in which cows do not experience estrous cycles. During this period ...
Isthmus fragments were separated from oviducts of anoestrus (n=2, collected in November) and oestrus (n=3, one of them mated) ( ... Apical surface morphology of the mare isthmic oviduct during anoestrus and oestrus: a scanning electron microscopy study. ... Isthmus fragments were separated from oviducts of anoestrus (n=2, collected in November) and oestrus (n=3, one of them mated) ( ... The luminal epithelium of the isthmic oviduct from anoestrus and unmated oestrus mares revealed two types of cells: ciliated ...
GREWAL HOMEO REMEDIES is the well-known Manufacturer, Supplier & Exporter of G Morpup- Anoestrus and Bigger Litter in Mohali. ... Contact us Now to know more about G Morpup- Anoestrus and Bigger Litter ... Anoestrus and Bigger Litter available at the lowest price in Mohali. ...
Test during anestrus.. • Thyroid levels are suppressed up to 25 percent by corticosteroids, sulfonamides, overdosing iodine ( ... Test intact females during anestrus.. • Need TgAA, +/- T3AA & T4AA; not just freeT4, cTSH, TgAA.. • OFA Thyroid Registry is ...
Managing Postpartum Anestrus in Beef Cows for a Successful Breeding Season. As calving season is kicking off for many producers ... Therefore, effective planning for reproductive health and limiting the impact of anestrus will ensure that cows are set up for ...
Anestrus Next comes anestrus, a period of uterine repair and rest that lasts about 5-7 months. This occurs between diestrus and ...
Anestrus. You may be able to tell that your bitch is entering the reproductive phase of her cycle from her behaviour and ...
Nutritional anoestrus in young sows. Pig News Info. 8:15-22. *Smits, R. 2003. Sow reproductive performance - a snapshot of the ...
Definition of Marcello in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of Marcello. What does Marcello mean? Information and translations of Marcello in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were harvested from anestrus cycle ovaries and.... Author(s): Jin-Dan Kang, Hyo-Sang Lee, ...
This facilitates the attainment of regular cyclicity during the transition from winter anestrus to the physiological breeding ...
Termination of anoestrus. The bitch is characterised by a long and obligate anoestrus. The factors regulating termination of ... to late anoestrus. This observation has been confirmed simultaneously by Jeffcoate and our laboratory examining ovarian ... progesterone contents in anoestrus. It appears clearly that ovarian progesterone content is never basal before days 130-160 of ... to increase to reach maximum values around days 20-30 and then slowly decreases to reach basal values sometime during anoestrus ...
EFFECTS OF VARYING ENERGY INTAKE AND SIRE BREED ON DURATION OF POSTPARTUM ANESTRUS, IGF-1 AND GH IN MATURE CROSSBRED COWS ( ...
... otherwise called postpartum anestrus period). Postpartum anestrus is on average 60 days, but can be up to 100 days. The later a ...
The fourth stage of the reproductive cycle is known as anestrus, or reproductive rest. This usually occurs from November ...
1959) Occurrence of anoestrus in mice caged in groups Journal of Endocrinology 18:102-107. ...
The last stage, Anestrus usually lasts for 15 weeks. The female dog wont have any hormonal activity, produce milk or possess ...
The Relationship of Metabolic Hormones, Nutrition, and Postpartum Anestrus In Different Biological Types of Cattle ...
All female dogs were determined to be in anestrus on the basis of results of physical examination and clinical history. Prior ...
The proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus stages with estrus being the period in which a dog is in heat. The ovaries are ...
... and prolactin to the time of occurrence of lactatio sine graviditate in the course of metoestrus and anoestrus as well as to ... be detected in almost all bitches that showed full symptomatology at the end of metoestrus or at the beginning of anoestrus. ...
... indicating the onset of anestrus [4, 7]. Moreover, at least in non-pregnant dogs, the function of CL is independent of a ... with an obligatory quiescence phase called anestrus [1, 2]. Although canine reproduction has already attracted some attention, ...
"Interested owners should evaluate their mares behavior during the anestrus cycle during winter; this is similar behavior to ... as a mare is in anestrus (in reproductive downtime) during the winter months (November to February). Mares have their normal 21 ...
Altren 0.22% altrenogest solution facilitates the attainment of regular cyclicity during the transition from winter anestrus to ...
In repeat dose toxicity studies, histological evidence of anestrus, corpora lutea degeneration in the ovaries and epithelial ...
Their ovaries are inactive and they cant conceive when theyre in anestrus. Older female cats who no longer have heat cycles ...
Anestrus. The anestrous female may rebuff an approaching tomcat by hissing and striking out. If she accepts the tomcat with ...
Anestrus. This lasts between two and three months.. This is when your dogs ovaries and pituitary glands are preparing for the ...
4. Anestrus. This is considered the resting stage and your Dobermans remain in Anestrus until her next Proestrus stage begins. ...

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