Anesthetics
Anesthetics, Local
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)
Anesthetics, General
Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)
Anesthetics, Intravenous
Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)
Isoflurane
Halothane
A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)
Anesthetics, Combined
Enflurane
Lidocaine
Anesthesia
Anesthetics, Dissociative
Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
Propofol
An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.
Anesthesia, Local
Methoxyflurane
An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180)
Anesthesia, General
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Benzocaine
Ketamine
Nitrous Oxide
Nerve Block
Prilocaine
Thiopental
Etomidate
Procaine
Ether
Pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
Dibucaine
Mepivacaine
A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)
Anesthesia, Intravenous
Chloroform
Anesthesia, Conduction
Adjuvants, Anesthesia
Xylazine
Anesthesia Recovery Period
Anesthesia, Obstetrical
Hypnosis, Anesthetic
Fentanyl
Pregnanediones
Xenon
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Chlorofluorocarbons
Medetomidine
Monitoring, Intraoperative
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Anesthesia Department, Hospital
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Preanesthetic Medication
Amides
Receptors, GABA-A
Mandibular Nerve
Volatilization
Chloralose
Midazolam
A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
Barbiturates
Pain Measurement
Urethane
Zolazepam
1-Octanol
Consciousness Monitors
Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture
Conscious Sedation
Intubation, Intratracheal
Malignant Hyperthermia
Drug Interactions
Brachial Plexus
The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.
Dental Pulp Test
Electroencephalography
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Analgesia, Epidural
Analgesics, Opioid
Intraoperative Complications
Sufentanil
Sodium Channels
Hemodynamics
Sciatic Nerve
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.
Double-Blind Method
Depression, Chemical
The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.
Dexmedetomidine
Felypressin
Analgesia, Obstetrical
Dogs
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Ligand-Gated Ion Channels
Xenopus laevis
Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain
Propanidid
Alcohols
Injections, Epidural
Flurothyl
Maxillary Nerve
Apoferritins
The protein components of ferritins. Apoferritins are shell-like structures containing nanocavities and ferroxidase activities. Apoferritin shells are composed of 24 subunits, heteropolymers in vertebrates and homopolymers in bacteria. In vertebrates, there are two types of subunits, light chain and heavy chain. The heavy chain contains the ferroxidase activity.
Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit
Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.
Sodium Channel Blockers
Gas Scavengers
Electrophysiology
Receptors, Glycine
Ion Channel Gating
The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.
Alfentanil
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
Surgical Procedures, Operative
Pain
Droperidol
A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)
Aminobenzoates
Prospective Studies
Patch-Clamp Techniques
An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.
Unconsciousness
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Euthanasia, Animal
Reflex
Postoperative Complications
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Thiamylal
Drug Hypersensitivity
Injections, Spinal
Diazepam
Ethyl Chloride
Laryngismus
Femoral Nerve
Butorphanol
Batrachotoxins
Surgical Procedures, Minor
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane
Receptors, Nicotinic
One of the two major classes of cholinergic receptors. Nicotinic receptors were originally distinguished by their preference for NICOTINE over MUSCARINE. They are generally divided into muscle-type and neuronal-type (previously ganglionic) based on pharmacology, and subunit composition of the receptors.
Operating Room Technicians
Stereoisomerism
Postanesthesia Nursing
Carbon Dioxide
Benzyl Alcohol
Drug Combinations
Morphine
Potassium Channels
GABA Modulators
Substances that do not act as agonists or antagonists but do affect the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor-ionophore complex. GABA-A receptors (RECEPTORS, GABA-A) appear to have at least three allosteric sites at which modulators act: a site at which BENZODIAZEPINES act by increasing the opening frequency of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride channels; a site at which BARBITURATES act to prolong the duration of channel opening; and a site at which some steroids may act. GENERAL ANESTHETICS probably act at least partly by potentiating GABAergic responses, but they are not included here.
Oocytes
Binding Sites
Neurons
Pulmonary Alveoli
Rats, Wistar
Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial
Exposure of myocardial tissue to brief, repeated periods of vascular occlusion in order to render the myocardium resistant to the deleterious effects of ISCHEMIA or REPERFUSION. The period of pre-exposure and the number of times the tissue is exposed to ischemia and reperfusion vary, the average being 3 to 5 minutes.
Receptors, GABA
Cell-surface proteins that bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID with high affinity and trigger changes that influence the behavior of cells. GABA-A receptors control chloride channels formed by the receptor complex itself. They are blocked by bicuculline and usually have modulatory sites sensitive to benzodiazepines and barbiturates. GABA-B receptors act through G-proteins on several effector systems, are insensitive to bicuculline, and have a high affinity for L-baclofen.
Intraoperative Awareness
Trichloroethanes
Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.
Subarachnoid Space
Administration, Topical
The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.
Synaptosomes
Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.
Autonomic Nerve Block
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Pancuronium
Infusion Pumps
Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.
Meperidine
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled
Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).
Oxygen
Ion Channels
Dependence of explicit and implicit memory on hypnotic state in trauma patients. (1/226)
BACKGROUND: It is still unclear whether memory of intraoperative events results entirely from moments of inadequate anesthesia. The current study was designed to determine whether the probability of memory declines with increasing depth of the hypnotic state. METHOD: A list of words was played via headphones during surgery to patients who had suffered acute trauma. Several commonly used indicators of anesthetic effect, including the bispectral index, were recorded during word presentation. First, these indicators served as predictors of the memory performance in a postoperative word stem completion test. Second, general memory performance observed in the first part was separated into explicit and implicit memory using the process dissociation procedure, and then two models of memory were compared: One model assumed that the probability of explicit and implicit memory decreases with increasing depth of hypnotic state (individual differences model), whereas the other assumed equal memory performance for all patients regardless of their level of hypnotic state. RESULTS: General memory performance declined with decreasing bispectral index values. None of the other indicators of hypnotic state were related to general memory performance. Memory was still significant at bispectral index levels between 60 and 40. A comparison of the two models of memory resulted in a better fit of the individual differences model, thus providing evidence of a dependence of explicit and implicit memory on the hypnotic state. Quantification of explicit and implicit memory revealed a significant implicit but no reliable explicit memory performance. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly indicates that memory is related to the depth of hypnosis. The observed memory performance should be interpreted in terms of implicit memory. Auditory information processing occurred at bispectral index levels between 60 and 40. (+info)Changes in core temperature compartment size on induction of general anaesthesia. (2/226)
A two-compartment model of temperature distribution estimates the core compartment to occupy 66% of body mass at rest, while the peripheral compartment comprises the remainder. General anaesthesia impairs thermoregulation by central and peripheral actions. Peripheral vasodilatation accelerates heat transfer from the core to peripheral compartment causing the core compartment to cool and expand in size. Core hypothermia may be a significant cause of postoperative morbidity. This undocumented change in the size of the core compartment on induction of anaesthesia can be calculated. Core size increased from the established value of 66% before induction of general anaesthesia to 71.2 (SD 6)% of body mass, 20 min after induction of anaesthesia (P = 0.0001). On induction of general anaesthesia, the core compartment cools and expands while the peripheral compartment warms and contracts by a corresponding amount. Measurement of the magnitude of changes in core:periphery heat distribution on induction of anaesthesia contribute to a clearer understanding of the pathophysiology of perioperative hypothermia. (+info)Structural consequences of anesthetic and nonimmobilizer interaction with gramicidin A channels. (3/226)
Although interactions of general anesthetics with soluble proteins have been studied, the specific interactions with membrane bound-proteins that characterize general anesthesia are largely unknown. The structural modulations of anesthetic interactions with synaptic ion channels have not been elucidated. Using gramicidin A as a simplified model for transmembrane ion channels, we have recently demonstrated that a pair of structurally similar volatile anesthetic and nonimmobilizer, 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (F3) and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), respectively, have distinctly different effects on the channel function. Using high-resolution NMR structural analysis, we show here that neither F3 nor F6 at pharmacologically relevant concentrations can significantly affect the secondary structure of the gramicidin A channel. Although both the anesthetic F3 and the nonimmobilizer F6 can perturb residues at the middle section of the channel deep inside the hydrophobic region in the sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, only F3, but not F6, can significantly alter the chemical shifts of the tryptophan indole N-H protons near the channel entrances. The results are consistent with the notion that anesthetics cause functional change of the channel by interacting with the amphipathic domains at the peptide-lipid-water interface. (+info)Multisecond oscillations in firing rate in the basal ganglia: robust modulation by dopamine receptor activation and anesthesia. (4/226)
Multisecond oscillations in firing rate in the basal ganglia: robust modulation by dopamine receptor activation and anesthesia. Studies of CNS electrophysiology have suggested an important role for oscillatory neuronal activity in sensory perception, sensorimotor integration, and movement timing. In extracellular single-unit recording studies in awake, immobilized rats, we have found that many tonically active neurons in the entopeduncular nucleus (n = 15), globus pallidus (n = 31), and substantia nigra pars reticulata (n = 31) have slow oscillations in firing rate in the seconds-to-minutes range. Basal oscillation amplitude ranged up to +/-50% of the mean firing rate. Spectral analysis was performed on spike trains to determine whether these multisecond oscillations were significantly periodic. Significant activity in power spectra (in the 2- to 60-s range of periods) from basal spike trains was found for 56% of neurons in these three nuclei. Spectral peaks corresponded to oscillations with mean periods of approximately 30 s in each nucleus. Multisecond baseline oscillations were also found in 21% of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. The dopamine agonist apomorphine (0.32 mg/kg iv, n = 10-15) profoundly affected multisecond oscillations, increasing oscillatory frequency (means of spectral peak periods were reduced to approximately 15 s) and increasing the regularity of the oscillations. Apomorphine effects on oscillations in firing rate were more consistent from unit to unit than were its effects on mean firing rates in the entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra. Apomorphine modulation of multisecond periodic oscillations was reversed by either D1 or D2 antagonists and was mimicked by the combination of selective D1 (SKF 81297) and D2 (quinpirole) agonists. Seventeen percent of neurons had additional baseline periodic activity in a faster range (0.4-2.0 s) related to ventilation. Multisecond periodicities were rarely found in neurons in anesthetized rats (n = 29), suggesting that this phenomenon is sensitive to overall reductions in central activity. The data demonstrate significant structure in basal ganglia neuron spiking activity at unexpectedly long time scales, as well as a novel effect of dopamine on firing pattern in this slow temporal domain. The modulation of multisecond periodicities in firing rate by dopaminergic agonists suggests the involvement of these patterns in behaviors and cognitive processes that are affected by dopamine. Periodic firing rate oscillations in basal ganglia output nuclei should strongly affect the firing patterns of target neurons and are likely involved in coordinating neural activity responsible for motor sequences. Modulation of slow, periodic oscillations in firing rate may be an important mechanism by which dopamine influences motor and cognitive processes in normal and dysfunctional states. (+info)A single amino acid confers barbiturate sensitivity upon the GABA rho 1 receptor. (5/226)
Many structurally diverse general anaesthetics enhance inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system by interacting with the GABAA receptor. By contrast, GABA receptors composed of the rho 1 subunit are anaesthetic-insensitive. Here, we demonstrate that both delta-hexachlorocyclohexane (delta-HCH; 1-100 microM), a positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor, and the anaesthetic pentobarbitone (10-600 microM) have no effect on GABA-evoked currents mediated by wild-type rho 1 recombinant receptors (expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes). By contrast, these agents produce up to a 10 fold enhancement of GABA responses transduced by a rho 1 receptor in which a transmembrane located isoleucine residue is replaced by serine. However, not all general anaesthetics were similarly influenced by this mutation, because propofol and 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one (5 beta 3 alpha) remained ineffective. These data are discussed in relation to the specificity of general anaesthetic action. (+info)Distinctly different interactions of anesthetic and nonimmobilizer with transmembrane channel peptides. (6/226)
Although it plays no clinical role in general anesthesia, gramicidin A, a transmembrane channel peptide, provides an excellent model for studying the specific interaction between volatile anesthetics and membrane proteins at the molecular level. We show here that a pair of structurally similar volatile anesthetic and nonimmobilizer (nonanesthetic), 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (F3) and 1, 2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), respectively, interacts differently with the transmembrane peptide. With 400 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 60 mM phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol (PC/PG), the intermolecular cross-relaxation rate constants between (19)F of F3 and (1)H in the chemical shift regions for the indole and backbone amide protons were 0.0106 +/- 0.0007 (n = 12) and 0.0105 +/- 0.0014 (n = 8) s(-1), respectively. No cross-relaxation was measurable between (19)F of F6 and protons in these regions. Sodium transport study showed that with 75 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 66 mM PC/PG, F3 increased the (23)Na apparent efflux rate constant from 149.7 +/- 7.2 of control (n = 3) to 191.7 +/- 12.2 s(-1) (n = 3), and the apparent influx rate constant from 182.1 +/- 15.4 to 222.8 +/- 21.7 s(-1) (n = 3). In contrast, F6 had no effects on either influx or efflux rate. It is concluded that the ability of general anesthetics to interact with amphipathic residues near the peptide-lipid-water interface and the inability of nonimmobilizer to do the same may represent some characteristics of anesthetic-protein interaction that are of importance to general anesthesia. (+info)General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. (7/226)
The molecular mechanisms of general anaesthetics have remained largely obscure since their introduction into clinical practice just over 150 years ago. This review describes the actions of general anaesthetics on mammalian neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. As a result of research during the last several decades, ligand-gated ion channels have emerged as promising molecular targets for the central nervous system effects of general anaesthetics. The last 10 years have witnessed an explosion of studies of anaesthetic modulation of recombinant ligand-gated ion channels, including recent studies which utilize chimeric and mutated receptors to identify regions of ligand-gated ion channels important for the actions of general anaesthetics. Exciting future directions include structural biology and gene-targeting approaches to further the understanding of general anaesthetic molecular mechanisms. (+info)Comparison of bispectral index, 95% spectral edge frequency and approximate entropy of the EEG, with changes in heart rate variability during induction of general anaesthesia. (8/226)
We have compared bispectral index (BIS), 95% spectral edge frequency (SEF) and approximate entropy (ApEn) in 37 patients during induction and recovery from a short general anaesthetic. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also compared during induction only. These indices were noted at the start of induction, when a syringe held between the thumb and fingertips was dropped, at insertion of a laryngeal mask or tracheal tube (tube insertion), at incision, at the end of surgery, on return of the gag reflex and when the patient could follow a verbal command. When indices at the start of induction were compared with those at tube insertion, all four decreased significantly. BIS decreased from a mean of 95.38 (SEM 1.02) to 44.22 (1.05), mean SEF from 20.91 (1.19) to 14.14 (0.70) Hz, mean HRV from 37.1 (7.75) to 17.9 (3.6) bpm2 and ApEn from 0.90 (0.06) to 0.65 (0.04). Using logistic regression, the indices were compared both individually and in combination as to the power of distinguishing awake (at pre-induction) from asleep (at tube insertion) states. BIS had the best predictive power, with a sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity 94.4%, positive predictive value 94.7% and negative predictive value 97.1%. A combination of the indices conferred no additional predictive advantage. (+info)
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Anesthetic
... general anesthetics, which result in a reversible loss of consciousness, and local anesthetics, which cause a reversible loss ... any inhaled anesthetic agent can be used for induction of general anesthesia. However, most of the halogenated anesthetics are ... Wollweber, Hartmund (2000). "Anesthetics, General". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ... Local anesthetics can be either ester- or amide-based. Ester local anesthetics (such as procaine, amethocaine, cocaine, ...
Local anesthetic nerve block
The advantages of nerve blocks over general anesthesia include faster recovery, monitored anesthesia care vs. intubation with ... Local anesthetic nerve block (local anesthetic regional nerve blockade, or often simply nerve block) is a short-term nerve ... Since the plexus is located deep, there is an increased risk of local anesthetic toxicity, so less toxic anesthetics like ... The local anesthetic bathes the nerve and numbs the area of the body that is supplied by that nerve. The goal of the nerve ...
Local anesthetic
Amylocaine Anesthetic General anesthetic List of cocaine analogues List of local anesthetics Ryan T, Hodge A, Holyoak R, Vlok R ... as opposed to a general anesthetic. When it is used on specific nerve pathways (local anesthetic nerve block), paralysis (loss ... General systemic adverse effects are due to the pharmacological effects of the anesthetic agents used. The conduction of ... A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of pain sensation. In the context of surgery, a local anesthetic ...
Buthalital
Wollweber H (2000). "Anesthetics, General". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/ ... General anesthetics, Thiobarbiturates, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, Abandoned drugs, Allyl compounds, All ... is a barbiturate derivative which was under development as a short-acting anesthetic. However, development was discontinued, ...
Bis(chloroethyl) ether
6, p. 395 Wollweber, Hartmund (2000). "Anesthetics, General". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley- ... When treated with strong base, it gives divinyl ether, an anesthetic: O(CH2CH2Cl)2 + 2 KOH → O(CH=CH2)2 + 2 KCl + 2 H2O The ...
Lisuride
Satoskar RS, Bhandarkar SD, Rege NN (1973). "General Anesthetics". Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. Popular Prakashan. pp ...
Divinyl ether
Wollweber, Hartmund (2000). "Anesthetics, General". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ... Vinyl ether is a potent anesthetic giving it a large safety margin; the ratio of the anesthetic to lethal dose for vinyl ether ... General anesthetics, Monomers, Vinyl compounds, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators). ... The anesthetic product was inhibited with .01% phenyl-α-napthylamine which gave it a faint violet fluorescence. Vinyl ether ...
Cyclopropane
Wollweber, Hartmund (2000). "Anesthetics, General". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi: ... 292-. ISBN 978-0-323-03707-5. Hemmings, Hugh C. (2009). "Molecular Targets of General Anesthetics in the Nervous System". ... General anesthetics, Cyclopropanes, NMDA receptor antagonists, Nicotinic antagonists, AMPA receptor antagonists, Gases). ... G. H. W. Lucas; V. E. Henderson (1 August 1929). "A New Anesthetic: Cyclopropane : A Preliminary Report". Can Med Assoc J. 21 ( ...
Anesthesia awareness
New research has been carried out to test what people can remember after a general anesthetic in an effort to more clearly ... This may serve as a warning sign that the anesthetic depth is inadequate. Movement under general anesthesia does not imply full ... Under certain circumstances, a general anesthetic, whereby the patient is completely unconscious, may be unnecessary or ... The aim of conscious sedation or monitored anesthetic care is to provide a safe and comfortable anesthetic while maintaining ...
General anaesthetic
... are affected by general anesthetics. While it has not been determined that general anesthetics bind directly to these channels ... While general anesthesia induction may be facilitated by one general anesthetic, others may be used in parallel or subsequently ... General anesthetics elicit a state of general anesthesia. It remains somewhat controversial regarding how this state should be ... It is used in parallel with other general anesthetics to help maintain a state of general anesthesia, in an off-label capacity ...
List of unsolved problems in neuroscience
How do general anesthetics work? Noogenesis - the emergence and evolution of intelligence: What are the laws and mechanisms - ...
NMDA receptor
Maher, T.J. (2013). Anesthetic agents: General and local anesthetics. In: T.L. Lemke & D.A. Williams (editors). Foye's ... and xenon are used as general anesthetics. These and similar drugs like dextromethorphan and methoxetamine also produce ... synthetic novel site partial agonist Antagonists of the NMDA receptor are used as anesthetics for animals and sometimes humans ...
Sevoflurane
Vlisides P, Xie Z (2012). "Neurotoxicity of general anesthetics: an update". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 18 (38): 6232-40. ... General anesthetics, Ethers, Organofluorides, AbbVie brands, GSK plc brands, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, ... "Anesthetic May Affect Tau Spread in the Brain to Promote Alzheimer's Disease Pathology". Neuroscience News. 2021-05-16. ... "Anesthetic May Affect Tau Spread in the Brain to Promote Alzheimer's Disease Pathology". Neuroscience News. 2021-05-16. ...
Intraocular pressure
General Anesthetics and Therapeutic Gases". Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th ed.). New York ...
Timeline of United States discoveries
"General Anesthetic Pentothal". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 2007-07-14. "Niacin ... Their effectiveness in bonding metal and general versatility have also made them popular for use in simple woodworking, ... "California Megan's Law - California Department of Justice - Office of the Attorney General" (PDF). California Department of ...
Anesthetic vaporizer
The design of the drawover vaporizer is much simpler: in general it is a simple glass reservoir mounted in the breathing ... is a device generally attached to an anesthetic machine which delivers a given concentration of a volatile anesthetic agent. It ... Gas in the vaporizing chamber becomes fully saturated with volatile anesthetic vapor. This gas is then mixed with the gas in ... The plenum vaporizer is driven by positive pressure from the anesthetic machine, and is usually mounted on the machine. The ...
Sepsis
Requirements for anesthetics may be reduced in sepsis. Inhalational anesthetics can reduce the level of proinflammatory ... General anesthesia is recommended for people with sepsis who require surgical procedures to remove the infective source. ... Sepsis Alliance is a charitable organization that was created to raise sepsis awareness among both the general public and ... Yuki K, Murakami N (6 January 2016). "Sepsis pathophysiology and anesthetic consideration". Cardiovascular & Hematological ...
Medication
General: adrenergic neurone blocker, astringent. Diagnostic: topical anesthetics, sympathomimetics, parasympatholytics, ... For consciousness (anesthetic drugs) Some anesthetics include benzodiazepines and barbiturates. The main categories of drugs ... General: β-receptor blockers ("beta blockers"), calcium channel blockers, diuretics, cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmics, ... The main classes of painkillers are NSAIDs, opioids and local anesthetics. ...
Dental anesthesia
It includes local anesthetics, sedation, and general anesthesia. In dentistry, the most commonly used local anesthetic is ... Dentists who have completed a training program in anesthesiology may also administer general IV and inhalation anesthetic ... General anesthesia drugs such as midazolam, ketamine, propofol and fentanyl are used to put a person in a twilight state or ... A dental syringe is a syringe for the injection of a local anesthetic. It consists of a breech-loading syringe fitted with a ...
Partition coefficient
For example, the blood/gas partition coefficient of a general anesthetic measures how easily the anesthetic passes from gas to ... ISBN 978-0-07-160393-5. Golan DE, Tashjian AH, Armstrong EJ, Armstrong AP (2008). "Chapter 15: General Anesthetic Pharmacology ... This method in general gives better results than atomic-based methods, but cannot be used to predict partition coefficients for ... While this method is generally the least accurate, the advantage is that it is the most general, being able to provide at least ...
Ethylene
Johnstone GA (August 1927). "Advantages of Ethylene-Oxygen as a General Anesthetic". California and Western Medicine. 27 (2): ... General anesthetics, Monomers, Commodity chemicals, Petrochemicals, Industrial gases, Organic compounds with 2 carbon atoms). ... An example of a niche use is as an anesthetic agent (in an 85% ethylene/15% oxygen ratio). Another use is as a welding gas. ... Following experimentation by Luckhardt, Crocker, and Carter at the University of Chicago, ethylene was used as an anesthetic. ...
Anthramine
... (1-aminoanthracene) (an organic compound with the chemical formula C14H11N.) is a fluorescent general anesthetic. v ... "Identification of a fluorescent general anesthetic, 1-aminoanthracene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 ( ...
Anesthesia
In the 1930s, physicians started to augment inhaled general anesthetics with intravenous general anesthetics. The drugs used in ... ketamine and inhaled general anesthetics. The advantage of sedation over a general anesthetic is that it generally does not ... and the type of anesthetic (regional anesthetics are lower risk than general anesthetics).: 984 Obstetrical, the very young and ... The most common approach to reach the endpoints of general anesthesia is through the use of inhaled general anesthetics. Each ...
Talmage Egan
... optimal anesthetic drug administration regimens, and anesthetic drug interactions. Egan served as a board member, treasurer, ... After completing a preliminary residency in general surgery at the University of Utah in 1988, he pursued postgraduate training ... Are opioids indispensable for general anaesthesia? Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(6):e127-e135. "Celebrating the Past, Present, and ... 2] Egan T. D. (2003). Target-controlled drug delivery: progress toward an intravenous "vaporizer" and automated anesthetic ...
Theories of general anaesthetic action
A general anaesthetic (or anesthetic) is a drug that brings about a reversible loss of consciousness. These drugs are generally ... Tang P, Xu Y (2002). "Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of general anesthetic effects on the ion channel in the fully ... Chiara DC, Dostalova Z, Jayakar SS, Zhou X, Miller KW, Cohen JB (2012). "Mapping general anesthetic binding site(s) in human ... Franks, Nicholas P.; Lieb, William R. (1985). "Mapping of general anesthetic target sites provides a molecular basis for cutoff ...
Additive effect
Garcia, Paul; Kolesky, Scott; Jenkins, Andrew (2010-03-01). "General Anesthetic Actions on GABAA Receptors". Current ... By using Dixon up-down method, a trial has shown that the effect in producing anesthetic effects between propofol and ... For example, propofol and sevoflurane can both produce anesthetic effects. Propofol can potentiate the activity of GABAA ... Actions of the anesthetics propofol and pentobarbital. Molecular Pharmacology, 47(2), 213. Jones, M., Harrison, N., Pritchett, ...
Orchestrated objective reduction
Allison, A.C; Nunn, J.F (December 1968). "Effects of General Anæsthetics on Microtubules". The Lancet. 292 (7582): 1326-1329. ... What might anesthetics do to microtubules to cause loss of consciousness? A highly disputed theory put forth in the mid-1990s ... In a study Hameroff was part of, Jack Tuszyński of the University of Alberta demonstrated that anesthetics hasten the duration ... This cannot be the mechanism of anesthetic action, however, because human anesthesia is performed at 1 MAC. At ~1 MAC halothane ...
Brain
Some general anesthetics act by reducing the effects of glutamate; most tranquilizers exert their sedative effects by enhancing ... In general, smaller animals tend to have larger brains, measured as a fraction of body size. For mammals, the relationship ... Genes determine the general form of the brain, and genes determine how the brain reacts to experience. Experience, however, is ... In the first stages of development, each axon from the retina is guided to the right general vicinity in the midbrain by ...
List of Scottish inventions and discoveries
John B. Glen (1977); a globally-used surgical anesthetic common in general surgery cases. In 2018 Dr. Glen received a Lasker ... first general manager and director-general of the British Broadcasting Corporation RADAR: A significant contribution made by ... Pelfrey, William (2006). Billy, Alfred, and General Motors: The Story of Two Unique Men, a Legendary Company, and a Remarkable ... General anaesthetic: Pioneered by Scotsman James Young Simpson and Englishman John Snow Identifying the mosquito as the carrier ...
Emery N. Brown
The brain is not shut off under general anesthesia. Instead, anesthetics induce highly structured oscillations between key ... Anesthetic-induced oscillations are also akin to what happens when a hum in a phone line makes it impossible to sustain a ... He is the Warren M. Zapol Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School and at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), and a ... Brown also shows that, contrary to common dogma general anesthesia is not sleep, but rather a reversible coma. Brown's research ...
Childbirth
During a C section, the patient is usually numbed with an epidural or a spinal block, but general anesthesia can be used as ... The baby's father or other support person may also choose to hold the baby SSC until the mother recovers from the anesthetic. ... Some family practitioners or general practitioners also perform obstetrical surgery. Obstetrical procedures include cesarean ... family practitioners and general practitioners whose training, skills and practices include obstetrics, and in some contexts ...
Boris Khodorov
Subsequently, at the Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology[3], he studied structure and function of the NMDA- ... developing as a leader in the actions of local anesthetics and toxins on membrane excitability and building up one of the three ... He moved again to the Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology as a Senior Research Scientist (1988-2014). There in ... the mechanisms of C-type inactivation in voltage-gated ion channels and the effects of neurotoxins and local anesthetics on ...
Derek H. Sleeman
Since returning to Scotland he has collaborated in Aberdeen with Anesthetics, ICU, General Practice, Oncology, & Respiratory ... Medicine Departments, and in Edinburgh (Neuro ICU, Western General Hospital). Currently the focus of his work is with the ...
Fahrenheit 451
As Montag escapes the scene, the Mechanical Hound attacks him, managing to inject his leg with an anesthetic. He destroys the ... He notes that the book burnings themselves became a form of entertainment for the general public. In a 1994 interview, Bradbury ...
Midaflur
General anesthetics, Hypnotics, Sedatives, Trifluoromethyl compounds, Imidazolines). ...
Chemical peel
There is minimal discomfort so usually no anesthetic is given because the patient feels only a slight stinging when the ... Early phenol peel solutions were very painful and most practitioners would perform it under either general anesthesia, ... usually in conjunction with local anesthetic injections. List of cutaneous conditions Hill r.n., Pamela (2006). Milady's ...
Self-hypnosis
Hartland, J., "The General Principles of Suggestion", The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Vol.9, No.3, January 1967, pp ... Joseph DeLee, an obstetrician, stated in the early 20th century that hypnosis was the only risk-free childbirth anesthetic. ... 1-8. Hartland, J., "The General Principles and Construction of Therapeutic Suggestion", Terpnos Logos, the Australian Journal ...
Doxepin
In general, sedating properties of anti-depressant agents are related to antagonism of serotonin 5HT2, histamines, and α-1 ... and as a local anesthetic). The potencies of doxepin in terms of its receptor antagonism specifically are as follows: Extremely ... In general, the demethylated variants of tertiary amine TCAs like nordoxepin are much more potent inhibitors of norepinephrine ...
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Some general anesthetics may cause confusion or delirium upon waking in persons with Lewy body dementias, and may result in ... published the first general description of diffuse Lewy body disease. With Japanese, UK, and US researchers finding in the ... DLB was included in the fourth text revision of the DSM (DSM-IV-TR, published in 2000) under "Dementia due to other general ... There is general agreement that there are three core EFs: inhibition [inhibitory control, including self-control (behavioral ...
Charlene, Princess of Monaco
In August 2021, she underwent a four-hour surgery that required general anesthetic. In September 2021, she was hospitalised ...
Chronic venous insufficiency
Varicose veins for example can now be treated by local anesthetic endovenous surgery. Rates of CVI are higher in women than in ... "Incidence and risk factors for venous reflux in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014 ... "Prevalence of varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency in men and women in the general population: Edinburgh Vein Study ... making patients more susceptible than the general population to contact sensitization and subsequent dermatitis. Atrophie ...
Liposuction
In general, fat is removed via a cannula (a hollow tube) and aspirator (a suction device). Liposuction techniques can be ... The lipedema fat is removed using a fan-shaped jet of water, which includes the anesthetic. In contrast to tumescent ... The procedure may be performed under general, regional, or local anesthesia. It involves using a cannula and negative pressure ... Paik, AM; Daniali, LN; Lee, ES; Hsia, HC (2014). "Local anesthetic use in tumescent liposuction: an American Society of Plastic ...
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator
Within 30 years, many other barbiturates were developed and found use as sedatives, sleep aids and general anesthetics. ... In general, the more lipid-soluble the barbiturate, the more rapid its onset, the shorter its duration and the greater the ... Although barbiturates fell out of favor, they continue to serve as a short-acting anesthetic and anti-epileptic drugs. ... In a rat brain slice preparation, the synthetic steroidal anesthetic alphaxalone (5α-pregnan-3α-ol-11,20 dione) enhanced both ...
Pheochromocytoma
"General Information About Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma" from the National Cancer Institute Pheochromocytoma and ... or during anesthetic induction. While the above symptoms are classic, other common clinical manifestations have been reported ...
Hydroxyzine
... following general anesthesia, potentiate meperidine and barbiturates, and use in pre-anesthetic adjunctive therapy should be ... in general practice". California Medicine. 88 (6): 443-444. PMC 1512309. PMID 13536863. Smith E, Narang P, Enja M, Lippmann S ( ...
Vaccine hesitancy
In general, people are exposed to low levels of naturally occurring aluminum in nearly all foods and drinking water. The amount ... and the use of anæsthetics". A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom. New York: Appleton. Bazin H ( ... The general public was left with greater fear of the vaccination campaign than the virus itself, and vaccination policies, in ... No Compulsory Vaccination was one of the demands of the 1900 Labour Party General Election Manifesto. This was done as a matter ...
Sexual and reproductive health
"General recommendation No. 35 on gender-based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19" (PDF). Human ... "Anesthetic Gases - Reproductive Health , NIOSH , CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2021-11-10. Retrieved 2022-03-17. "Hazardous Drug Exposures ... paragraph 18 of its General recommendation No. 35 on gender based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. ... "I.General comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life ...
Photokeratitis
"Snow blindness". General Practice Notebook. Retrieved November 19, 2008. "Sun Safety". University of California, Berkeley. ... Khakshoor, Hamid (October 2012). "Anesthetic keratopathy presenting as bilateral Mooren-like ulcers". Clinical Ophthalmology. 6 ... General Practice Notebook". 2007-03-25. Archived from the original on 2007-03-25. Retrieved 2012-02-07. Porter, Daniel ( ...
Convention on Psychotropic Substances
A 1998 UN General Assembly Special Session on the World Drug Problem report noted: Between 1971 and 1995, there was a nearly ... anesthetics) sodium thiopental (barbiturate) zaleplon (depressant z-drug) zopiclone (depressant z-drug) and its stereoisomer ... The Secretary-General of the United Nations scheduled a conference for early 1971 to finalize the treaty. Meanwhile, countries ... Later that year, the UN General Assembly requested that ECOSOC call upon its Commission on Narcotic Drugs to "give urgent ...
Neural tube defect
Abdel-Aziz, Mosaad; El-Bosraty, Hussam (2010). ""Nasal encephalocele: Endoscopic excision with anesthetic consideration"". ... is 5-10 times greater compared to the general population. Inadequate levels of folate (vitamin B9) and vitamin B12 during ... in individuals However a comparison of general population outcomes across many countries with different approaches to ... increasing folate consumption has found that only general food fortification with folic acid reduces neural tube defects. While ...
Lip augmentation
Surgical applications usually require general anesthesia.[citation needed] Restylane, a non-animal, clear gel that is reported ... Some patients are allergic to the common local anesthetics like lidocaine and probably should not consider lip injections. Some ... starting in the early 1960s but was abandoned thirty years later due to fears about the effects of silicone on general health ...
Carestream Health
Computed Radiography for general X-ray and mammography applications; and X-ray film for general and mammography applications. ... The dental X-ray film and anesthetics business were not included in the agreement and remain with Carestream Health. Products ... Carestream Dental provides imaging systems and practice management software for general and specialist dental practices. ... Digital radiography rooms and mobile/portable X-ray for general X-ray; ...
Behavioral neuroscience
In general, behavioral neuroscientists study similar themes and issues as academic psychologists, though limited by the need to ... Temporary lesions - Neural tissue is temporarily disabled by cooling or by the use of anesthetics such as tetrodotoxin. ... Journal of General Psychology. 120 (1): 5. Carlson, Neil (2007). Physiology of Behavior (9th ed.). Allyn and Bacon. pp. 11-14. ...
Intraperitoneal injection
In general, it is preferred when large amounts of blood replacement fluids are needed or when low blood pressure or other ... One study utilized IP injections to study pain in the abdomen after a hysterectomy when administering anesthetic continuously ... The results depicted that ketobemidone consumption was significantly lower when patients controlled anesthetic through IP. This ...
Ascariasis
Ascaris have an aversion to some general anesthetics and may exit the body, sometimes through the mouth, when an infected ... individual is put under general anesthesia. The larva of Ascaris lumbricoides developing in the egg Ascaris lumbricoides adult ...
Midazolam
As of 2010[update], it is the most commonly used benzodiazepine in anesthetic medicine. In acute medicine, midazolam has become ... for the induction of general anesthesia, and for sedation of people who are ventilated in critical care units. Midazolam is ... Olkkola KT, Ahonen J (2008). "Midazolam and other benzodiazepines". Modern Anesthetics. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. ...
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
In general, a trained neurophysiologist attaches a computer system to the patient using stimulating and recording electrodes. ... EEG measures taken during anesthesia exhibit stereotypic changes as anesthetic depth increases. These changes include complex ... As anesthetic depth increases from light surgical levels to deep anesthesia, the EEG exhibits disrupted rhythmic waveforms, ... loss of consciousness and anesthetic depth. Monitors have been developed using various algorithms for signal analysis and are ...
Flurothyl
The convulsant properties of flurothyl pose a challenge to unifying theories of general anesthetics such as the Meyer-Overton ... Krasowski MD (July 2003). "Contradicting a unitary theory of general anesthetic action: a history of three compounds from 1901 ... There is some evidence that flurothyl may actually possess general anesthetic properties at high concentrations that are masked ... and diethyl ether itself are general anesthetics, and flurothyl is a substituted diethyl ether. Even more strikingly, a ...
Brain Metastasis Medication: Corticosteroids, Anticonvulsants, General Anesthetics, Systemic, Antineoplastics, Monoclonal...
General Anesthetics, Systemic. Class Summary. These agents stabilize the neuronal membrane so the neuron is less permeable to ... Propofol, an IV anesthetic agent, is active on the glutamate and GABA-A receptors, whereas benzodiazepines are active only ... This prevents the initiation and transmision of nerve impulses, thereby producing anesthetic effect ...
Abdominal Hernias Medication: Antibiotics, Local Anesthetics, General Anesthetics, Antianxiety Agents, Nonsteroidal Anti...
General Anesthetics. Class Summary. After standard monitoring equipment is attached and peripheral venous access achieved but ... It has general anesthetic properties when administered intravenously. Propofol IV produces rapid hypnosis, usually within 40 ... Local Anesthetics. Class Summary. Local anesthetic agents are used to increase patient comfort during the procedure. ... Assar A Rather, MBBS, MD, FACS Minimally Invasive General and Colorectal Surgeon, Bayhealth Kent General Hospital. Assar A ...
Distinct effects of general anesthetics on lung metastasis mediated by IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in mouse models | Nature...
The role of anesthetics used during surgery in cancer metastasis and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we ... The effects of anesthetics on cancer metastasis are largely unknown. Here, the authors show in two preclinical mouse models ... Our study provides the preclinical evidence informing the distinct effects of anesthetics on metastasis of breast cancers ... Distinct effects of general anesthetics on lung metastasis mediated by IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in mouse models. *Ru Li ORCID: ...
Outrage of the Month: Unethical Human Experiments That Tested Powerful General Anesthetic for Agitation - Public Citizen
EN (en)
We show that general anesthetics can allosterically favor closed channels by binding in the pore or favor open channels via ... Structural Basis for a Bimodal Allosteric Mechanism of General Anesthetic Modulation in Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels. ... Ion channel modulation by general anesthetics is a vital pharmacological process with implications for receptor biophysics and ... and they provide atomic details of both potentiation and inhibition by one of the most common general anesthetics. ...
Cortical Processing of Complex Auditory Stimuli during Alterations of Consciousness with the General Anesthetic Propofol |...
Cortical Processing of Complex Auditory Stimuli during Alterations of Consciousness with the General Anesthetic Propofol Gilles ... AUDITORY perception is obviously disrupted by general anesthetics, but it is unclear at what stage the disturbances occur. This ... Clark DL, Rosner BS: Neurophysiologic effects of general anesthetics: I. The electroencephalogram and sensory evoked responses ... Cortical Processing of Complex Auditory Stimuli during Alterations of Consciousness with the General Anesthetic Propofol. ...
PDF] Effects of Gaseous Anesthetics Nitrous Oxide and Xenon on Ligand-gated Ion Channels: Comparison with Isoflurane and...
BackgroundLigand-gated ion channels are considered to be potential general anesthetic targets. Although most general ... Glutamate receptors were inhibited by gaseous anesthetics more markedly than by isoflurane, but less than by ethanol. NMDA ... Glycine and GABAA receptors were potentiated by gaseous anesthetics much less than by isoflurane, whereas nitrous oxide ... The nACh receptors were inhibited by gaseous and volatile anesthetics, but ethanol potentiated them. The sensitivity was ...
Controlling Exposures to Nitrous Oxide During Anesthetic Administration | NIOSH | CDC
This Alert presents control measures for preventing or greatly reducing exposure to N2O during the administration of anesthetic ... as the sole anesthetic agent in dental operatories and exposures there tend to be more difficult to control than in general ... Anesthetic delivery. Excessive exposure to N2O may occur as a result of leaks from the anesthetic delivery system during ... the hoses connected to the anesthetic machine, and the anesthetic machine (especially the on-demand valve). Low-pressure leaks ...
The Local Anesthetic and Pain Relief Activity of Alkaloids | IntechOpen
General Dentistry. 2014;. 62. (6):70-75. *84. Foster RH, Markham A. Levobupivacaine a review of its pharmacology and use as a ... Local anesthetics bind to serum α1-acid glycoproteins and other proteins. The duration of action for local anesthetics is based ... Local anesthetics. Current Opinions Anaesthesiology. 2007;. 20. :336-342. *72. Nysora, Gadsden J. Local Anesthetics: Clinical ... 6. Alkaloids with anesthetic effects and the related mechanisms. Local anesthetics are the most effective drugs used for the ...
Delirium Tremens (DTs) Medication: Benzodiazepines, General Anesthetics, Systemic, Barbiturates, Vitamins and Nutrients
It has general anesthetic properties when administered intravenously. Propofol IV produces rapid hypnosis, usually within 40 ... Propofol, an IV anesthetic agent, is active on the glutamate and GABA-A receptors, similar to alcohol itself, whereas ... The drug exhibits anticonvulsant properties in anesthetic doses. Because a barbiturate-induced respiratory depression may occur ...
General Dentistry | » dental anesthetic
March 26th, 2015. From the desk of Dr. Fass. Weve certainly come a long way since the early days of Novocaine. That was the first widely used drug for numbing a local area for dental procedures. Novocaine had some drawbacks, not the least of which was some severe allergic reactions in some patients. Read More ». ...
Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring | American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)
They apply to all general anesthetics, regional anesthetics and monitored anesthesia care. This set of standards addresses only ... Qualified anesthesia personnel shall be present in the room throughout the conduct of all general anesthetics, regional ... Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring. Developed By: Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters (CSPP). Last Affirmed: ... Every patient receiving general anesthesia shall have, in addition to the above, circulatory function continually evaluated by ...
General Anesthesia Causes Telltale Brain Activity Patterns | The Scientist Magazine®
... predictable changes in brain waves that can help anesthesiologists personalize anesthesia and develop anesthetic-based ... Anesthetics & Neuronal Receptors. General anesthetics work by altering the activity of specific neurons in the brain. One main ... How is general anesthesia achieved?. One of the most conspicuous features of general anesthesia is the profound state of ... General anesthesia as treatment. In the last several decades, research on brain activity patterns and general anesthesia has ...
Anesthesiologist in Lutherville Timonium, MD 21093
How is anesthetic administered?. The method used by the Anesthesiologist also depends on the type of procedure being performed ... Local Anesthesia numbs a body part, Regional Anesthesia numbs the entire area of the body, and General Anesthesia makes the ... An Anesthesiologist closely monitors patients vital signs and adjusts the anesthetics appropriately during surgery. Some minor ... There are three types of anesthesia that Anesthesiologists use: local, regional, and general. ...
Eating And Drinking Before General Anesthetic For Surgery
Internet Scientific Publications
General anaesthesia would be preferred for long procedures, requiring total immobility.. Regional Anesthetic Techniques. Local/ ... General Anesthesia. General anesthesia can involve either inhalational or intravenous techniques, or a combination of both. The ... Evaluation of general condition and neurological status of the patients and impact of CNS injury on various other systemic ... Conscious sedation, neurolept anaesthesia and general anaesthesia have all been described 8,11,12,13,14,15 . The goal of ...
Anesthetics and mechanisms of general anesthesia Pages 1-15 - Flip PDF Download | FlipHTML5
Anesthetics and mechanisms of general anesthesia was published by on 2015-03-19. Find more similar flip PDFs like Anesthetics ... Download Anesthetics and mechanisms of general anesthesia PDF for free. ... Check Pages 1-15 of Anesthetics and mechanisms of general anesthesia in the flip PDF version. ... anesthetic molecules in the neuronal cell membrane providing anesthetic effect. Chemical structure of anesthetics per se ...
general anesthetic - definition, thesaurus and related words from WordNet-Online
Definition, thesaurus and related words for general anesthetic. Synonyms, antonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms, meronyms, usage ... Noun general anesthetic has 1 sense. *general anesthetic, general anaesthetic - an anesthetic that anesthetizes entire body and ... inhalation anesthetic, inhalation anaesthetic, inhalation general anesthetic, inhalation general anaesthetic; ketamine, ... 1 is a kind of anesthetic, anaesthetic, anesthetic agent, anaesthetic agent. --1 has particulars: ...
Endoscopic minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion without general anesthesia: initial clinical experience with 1...
No narcotics or regional anesthetics were used during surgery. RESULTS All patients underwent the procedure successfully ... used an endoscopic technique for interbody fusion combined with percutaneous screw fixation to obviate the need for general ... Elder JB, , Hoh DJ, & Wang MY: Postoperative continuous para-vertebral anesthetic infusion for pain control in lumbar spinal ... Elder JB, , Hoh DJ, & Wang MY: Postoperative continuous para-vertebral anesthetic infusion for pain control in lumbar spinal ...
Summerlin, NV general anesthetic wisdom teeth: DRD Dental 702-341-1004
DRD Dental has been providing general anesthetic wisdom teeth Services for several years in the Summerlin, NV. ... Choose a local Summerlin, NV company that handles general anesthetic wisdom teeth Services. If you need general anesthetic ... Get started on your general anesthetic wisdom teeth Services Experience!. Get a local Summerlin, NV Free Estimate ... Diana and her team at DRD Dental in the Summerlin, NV area provide complete state of the art general anesthetic wisdom teeth ...
General Anesthetic Dentistry Alberta | Oral Sedation Dentistry Edmonton | Dental Service Group
We are proud to offer in-house general anesthetic and IV sedation to make your visit stress free.. ... Dental Service Group specializes in general anesthetic dentistry in Edmonton, Alberta and offers a range of sedation dentistry ... Awake or Asleep...We will keep you comfortable at every visit with our General Anesthesia or in office sedation options. ... From general & preventative dentistry to restorative services including crowns, bridges and implants, we are with you every ...
Cerebral hypoxia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Efficacy of Ketamine Infusion Compared With Traditional Anti-epileptic Agents in Refractory Status Epilepticus - Full Text View...
Anesthetics, Intravenous. Anesthetics, General. Anesthetics. Analgesics. Sensory System Agents. Peripheral Nervous System ... Ketamine, an intravenous anesthetic agent which is a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors can block the ... Anesthetics, Dissociative. Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists. Excitatory Amino Acid Agents. Neurotransmitter Agents. Molecular ... receptor antagonist ketamine as a first line agent in refractory status epilepticus versus traditional general anesthetic ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00221245 - Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-93-0951-2382, Hodges and King, DDS, Atlanta,...
The NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for N2O was 25ppm averaged over the duration of anesthetic administration. General ... General dental office levels ranged from 22 to 51ppm and lobby levels ranged from 14 to 27ppm. The authors conclude that N2O ... Anesthetics; Nitrogen-oxides; Indoor-air-pollution; Ventilation-systems; Indoor-environmental-quality; Author Keywords: Offices ... and Clinics of Dentists; nitrous oxide; waste anesthetic gas; ventilation; scavengers ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Anesthetics; Halogenated-hydrocarbons; Nitrogen-oxides; Air-contamination; Author Keywords: General Medical & Surgical ... The 0.5ppm REL for halogenated anesthetic compounds used with NO2 was exceeded by one of three samples. Some of the high levels ... The author concludes that a potential exists for overexposure to nitrous-oxide and halogenated anesthetic agents for workers in ... In the four operating rooms where general anesthesia was being administered, area and personal air samples were analyzed for ...
Treatments, Mechanisms, and Adverse Reactions of Anesthetics and Analgesics - 1st Edition
... and Adverse Reactions of Anesthetics and Analgesics - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780128202371, 9780128202388 ... which is made more complex with the use of analgesics and local or general anesthetics. This volume works to clarify all of the ... Treatments, Mechanisms, and Adverse Reactions of Anesthetics and Analgesics. Black Friday Event. :. save up to 30% on print and ... 3. Intraperitoneal local anesthetic agents in the management of post-operative pain. Karlin Sevensma. 4. Automatic control of ...
Browsing by Subject "Anesthetics"
DailyMed - OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE tablet
Benzodiazepines and other sedatives/hypnotics, anxiolytics, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics, ... phenothiazines or general anesthetics) [see Drug Interactions ( 7)] . Monitor these patients for signs of hypotension after ... general anesthetics, antipsychotics, other opioids, alcohol). Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these ... In general, use caution when selecting a dosage for an elderly patient, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, ...
AnesthesiaIntravenous anestheticPropofolIsofluraneNitrous OxideSole anesthetic agentLidocaineSurgicalDentistryAmideLocalPatient'sMechanismsSurgerySedationMechanismInhalationDurationKetamineAnalgesiaBarbituratesNervePatientsVolatile anestheticsTargetsAgentsVeterinaryPotentAnalgesicsAgentReceptorsInjectableConcentrationThiopentalProcedurePatientNovocaineConcentrationsComplicationsEffectsNIOSHTreatmentsLipid bilayerInduceNumbInhibitAdministrationWisdom teeth
Anesthesia70
- Thus, vigorous preclinical studies are needed to define the role of anesthesia in cancer and to unravel the molecular mechanism of anesthetics in cancer metastasis. (nature.com)
- The extent to which complex auditory stimuli are processed and differentiated during general anesthesia is unknown. (asahq.org)
- mean +/- SD), general anesthesia (4.62 +/- 0.57 microg/ml), and recovery. (asahq.org)
- This report investigates the extent of auditory cortical activations during general anesthesia with propofol and whether specialized cortical areas remain capable of distinguishing different classes of complex stimuli. (asahq.org)
- The persistence of component Pa of the auditory middle latency evoked response during general anesthesia 1 suggests that processing of clicks or tone bursts persists in the primary auditory cortex (Heschl gyrus [HG]), in agreement with animal studies. (asahq.org)
- They apply to all general anesthetics, regional anesthetics and monitored anesthesia care. (asahq.org)
- This set of standards addresses only the issue of basic anesthetic monitoring, which is one component of anesthesia care. (asahq.org)
- Qualified anesthesia personnel shall be present in the room throughout the conduct of all general anesthetics, regional anesthetics and monitored anesthesia care. (asahq.org)
- Inspired gas: During every administration of general anesthesia using an anesthesia machine, the concentration of oxygen in the patient breathing system shall be measured by an oxygen analyzer with a low oxygen concentration limit alarm in use. (asahq.org)
- General anesthesia may be needed for pediatric patients. (medscape.com)
- The drugs lead to widespread, predictable changes in brain waves that can help anesthesiologists personalize anesthesia and develop anesthetic-based treatments. (the-scientist.com)
- B efore the advent of general anesthesia in the mid-19th century, surgery was a traumatic experience for everyone involved-the patient, of course, but also the medical staff and anyone who happened to walk by the surgery room and could hear the screams. (the-scientist.com)
- Because general anesthesia was such a game changer in medicine, these drugs were implemented in the operating room many decades before researchers understood how they worked. (the-scientist.com)
- More recently, direct observation of the raw EEG signals and their breakdown in time by frequencies, the spectrogram, is gaining traction for monitoring patients during general anesthesia. (the-scientist.com)
- By tracking brain activity during general anesthesia, researchers are also uncovering a wealth of new information that helps them understand the biological basics of how brain function is altered in an anesthetized state. (the-scientist.com)
- In addition, general anesthesia has provided new options to treat a range of ailments, from sleep problems to depression. (the-scientist.com)
- Morton contacted Harvard Medical School surgeon Henry Bigelow, and together they organized what would become known as the first public demonstration of surgery performed under general anesthesia. (the-scientist.com)
- http://www.nematodes.org/Caenorhabditis/C_elegans_genome/Celegans_acedb.shtml Unraveling the mystery of general anesthesia mechanism… Genes and genesets that control the behavior of C. elegans in volatile anesthetics have beenidentified…Genetic data fail to identify a single protein or channel that is uniquelyresponsible for the effects of anesthetics! (fliphtml5.com)
- In this case series, the authors used an endoscopic technique for interbody fusion combined with percutaneous screw fixation to obviate the need for general anesthesia. (thejns.org)
- We are a private surgical center providing dental treatment under General Anesthesia and IV Sedation. (dentalservicegroup.ca)
- In the four operating rooms where general anesthesia was being administered, area and personal air samples were analyzed for nitrous - oxide (10024972) (NO2) and halogenated anesthetic agents. (cdc.gov)
- Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a rare but life-threatening complication of regional anesthesia administration. (asra.com)
- In 2008, ASRA created a Practice Advisory on Neurological Complications of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and in 2010, the ASRA Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity checklist was developed to guide management. (asra.com)
- Our aim was to determine the degree of surgical trauma caused by CEA and to define differences related to the use of locoregional or general anesthesia. (elsevier.com)
- Patients were stratified for demographics and risk factors and operated on under locoregional (LA) or general anesthesia (GA) depending on both the surgeon preference and patient's compliance. (elsevier.com)
- Patient was assessed with ASA III physical status, proceeding with General Anesthesia-Oral Tracheal Tube (GA-OTT). (researchbib.com)
- Studies have shown, however, that the state of general anesthesia is a controlled and reversible coma that bears little resemblance to natural sleep. (theatlantic.com)
- The commonly used stimulant methylphenidate may hasten recovery from general anesthesia. (theatlantic.com)
- This study is the first demonstration in mammals of a safe and effective way to induce arousal from general anesthesia. (theatlantic.com)
- The full study, "Methylphenidate Actively Induces Emergence from General Anesthesia," is published in the journal Anesthesiology . (theatlantic.com)
- There are three types of anesthesia that Anesthesiologists use: local, regional, and general. (wellness.com)
- Local Anesthesia numbs a body part, Regional Anesthesia numbs the entire area of the body, and General Anesthesia makes the patient unconscious. (wellness.com)
- use as an opioid analgesic supplement in general or regional anesthesia. (nih.gov)
- administration with a neuroleptic as an anesthetic premedication, for the induction of anesthesia and as an adjunct in the maintenance of general and regional anesthesia. (nih.gov)
- Regional anesthesia refers to the focused delivery of anesthetic agent(s) to a given part of the body. (medscape.com)
- Regional anesthesia is used extensively for various purposes, including as a primary anesthetic technique for surgery, as an analgesic modality to manage pain in the perioperative period, and as an analgesic modality for various other forms of acute and/or chronic pain. (medscape.com)
- Regional anesthesia can reduce operative anesthetic requirements and in some cases allow avoidance of general anesthesia altogether. (medscape.com)
- This can be beneficial to a variety of patient populations, including those at risk for cognitive dysfunction after general anesthesia. (medscape.com)
- Intrathecal (IT), often referred to as "spinal," anesthesia refers to the delivery of anesthetic agents to the subarachnoid layer of the spinal column into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
- IT opioids can be administered as an adjunct to general anesthesia (e.g., for scoliosis surgery) or combined with local anesthetics and administered during spinal anesthesia (e.g., for total hip arthroplasty). (medscape.com)
- It is recommened that all Pet Dental Procedures must be performed while the patients are under general anesthesia. (animalpowerfielddays.org)
- General anesthesia allows us to carefully evaluate your Dog's Oral Health and perform the necessary procedures while they are safely sedated. (animalpowerfielddays.org)
- This group comprises agents which produce general anesthesia, surgical analgesia or neuroleptanalgesia. (whocc.no)
- Globally, propofol is the most frequently used intravenous (IV) anesthetic for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- If your son is going under general anesthesia this will most definitely be provided by an anesthesiologist (as you mentioned). (metafilter.com)
- At this time, general anesthesia had been used for several decades, whereas local anesthesia became feasible only after the synthesis of cocaine in 1891. (medscape.com)
- Our hospital offers many general surgery services that include a variety of common and elective procedures performed under general anesthesia. (vcahospitals.com)
- Uncontrolled shivering can also occur due to the use of general anesthesia during surgery. (fromhealthy.com)
- This is because the use of general anesthesia can affect the body's ability to regulate temperature. (fromhealthy.com)
- No general anesthesia is required. (blackhawkhair.com)
- The following table illustrates the choices of anesthesia, a description of the anesthetic technique, and the usual indications for that technique. (omswinnebago.com)
- Local anesthetic is used in conjunction with the other methods of anesthesia in all oral surgery procedures. (omswinnebago.com)
- Usual Indications General anesthesia is available for all types of oral surgery. (omswinnebago.com)
- A patient may choose general anesthesia for simple procedures depending on their level of anxiety. (omswinnebago.com)
- Most people having their wisdom teeth removed or having a dental implant placed will choose general anesthesia. (omswinnebago.com)
- General anesthesia may be necessary if local anesthesia fails to anesthetize the surgical site which often occurs in the presence of infection. (omswinnebago.com)
- Also indicated for patients with medical conditions such as heart disease or lung disease who require general anesthesia. (omswinnebago.com)
- To administer general anesthesia in the office, an oral surgeon must have completed at least three months of hospital based anesthesia training. (omswinnebago.com)
- The examiner observes an actual surgical procedure during which general anesthesia is administered to the patient. (omswinnebago.com)
- If the examiner reports successful completion of the evaluation process, the state dental board will issue the doctor a license to perform general anesthesia. (omswinnebago.com)
- General anesthesia is available for all types of oral surgery. (danvilleoms.com)
- Elective low-risk surgery requiring general anesthesia, the duration of which is shorter than 2 hours and 30 minutes (e.g. (who.int)
- Less risks are typically included with nonsurgical cosmetic procedures because you don't require general anesthesia or big cuts. (collagenrestore.net)
- At our clinic, dental cleaning is done under general anesthesia. (elainklinikkasaari.fi)
- This is done under general anesthesia, and the pet is given analgesics and local anesthetics. (elainklinikkasaari.fi)
- This surgery is usually performed in an operating room under regional or general anesthesia on an outpatient basis as day surgery. (orthopedicsurgeonsventura.com)
- The patient receives general or spinal anesthesia, but if the procedure is in very small areas, it may be local anesthesia. (fitoont.com)
- 3 , 5 , - , 15 Allogeneic blood transfusion, not uncommon in large abdominal procedures, is also widely recognized as immunosuppressive, as are general anesthesia 16 , - , 19 and opioid analgesics. (silverchair.com)
- In fact, general anesthesia is a type of medically induced coma. (frapier.net)
- In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. (centerwatch.com)
Intravenous anesthetic2
- Ketamine, an intravenous anesthetic agent which is a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors can block the flow of Ca and Na and by combining with phencyclidine binding sites inside the ion channel of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, reduce the epileptiform burst discharges and after potential. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Administration of propofol, the most frequently used intravenous anesthetic worldwide, has been associated with several iatrogenic infections despite its relative safety. (cdc.gov)
Propofol8
- Propofol, an IV anesthetic agent, is active on the glutamate and GABA-A receptors, whereas benzodiazepines are active only against the GABA receptors. (medscape.com)
- In this study, we show that the mice receiving volatile anesthetic sevoflurane during surgical removal of primary tumor develop more lung metastases than those receiving propofol. (nature.com)
- Here, we report ten X-ray structures and electrophysiological characterization of GLIC variants in the presence and absence of general anesthetics, including the surgical agent propofol. (pasteur.fr)
- 2013 ). Etomidate and propofol are potent general anesthetics that act via GABAA receptor allosteric co-agonist sites located at transmembrane beta+/alpha- inter-subunit interfaces. (tcdb.org)
- The Los Angeles County coroner, ruling that Jackson's death was a homicide, said in a news release Friday that the anesthetic drug propofol and the sedative lorazepam were found to be the primary drugs responsible for Jackson's death. (cnn.com)
- Adding these drugs to propofol, commonly used as a general anesthetic for surgeries and diagnostic procedures, amplifies the sedative effect and increases the risk of respiratory arrest, said Dr. Eugene Viscusi, anesthesiologist and director of pain management at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (cnn.com)
- Lidocaine, an anesthetic that the coroner said was also found in Jackson's body, is sometimes used in hospitals to alleviate the burning sensation that may accompany propofol, Viscusi said. (cnn.com)
- Murray said each night, he gave Jackson 50 mg of propofol diluted with the anesthetic lidocaine via an intravenous drip, according to the affidavit. (cnn.com)
Isoflurane4
- The discriminative stimulus effects of sub-anesthetic concentrations of isoflurane vapor appear to be mediated by both positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors as well as antagonism of NMDA receptors. (semanticscholar.org)
- In a series of lab experiments, researchers led by Harvard Medical School professor Ken Solt administered methylphenidate (Ritalin), a drug widely used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or saline to rats that were previously given isoflurane, a general anesthetic. (theatlantic.com)
- 2019. Differential Inhibition of Neuronal Sodium Channel Subtypes by the General Anesthetic Isoflurane. . (cornell.edu)
- Multiple binding sites for the general anesthetic isoflurane identified in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor transmembrane domain. (ibpc.fr)
Nitrous Oxide7
- aminobutyric acid receptor type A (GABAA), the gaseous anesthetics nitrous oxide and xenon are reported to have little effect on GABAA receptors but inhibit N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. (semanticscholar.org)
- The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) requests assistance in controlling exposures of workers to nitrous oxide (N2O) during the administration of anesthetic gas in medical, dental, and veterinary operatories. (cdc.gov)
- The author concludes that a potential exists for overexposure to nitrous - oxide and halogenated anesthetic agents for workers in the surgery service. (cdc.gov)
- One such alert, Request for Assistance in Controlling Exposures to Nitrous Oxide During Anesthetic Administration (1), was published recently and is available to the public. (cdc.gov)
- Nitrous oxide is used as an anesthetic agent in medical, dental, and veterinary operatories. (cdc.gov)
- in a 1991 survey by the American Dental Association, 58% of dentists reported having nitrous oxide anesthetic equipment. (cdc.gov)
- This alert presents control measures for preventing or substantially reducing exposure to nitrous oxide during administration of anesthetic gas. (cdc.gov)
Sole anesthetic agent2
- This work environment was chosen because N2O is frequently used as the sole anesthetic agent in dental operatories and exposures there tend to be more difficult to control than in general operating theaters. (cdc.gov)
- as the sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
Lidocaine4
- Lidocaine is an amide local anesthetic used in a 0.5-1% concentration in combination with bupivacaine (50:50 mixture). (medscape.com)
- Epinephrine prolongs the duration of the anesthetic effects from lidocaine by causing vasoconstriction of the blood vessels surrounding the nerve axons. (medscape.com)
- In this study, four local anesthetics , lidocaine , levobupivacaine , bupivacaine , and ropivacaine , were applied to two breast tumor cell types, TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells and triple-positive breast cancer BT-474 cells . (bvsalud.org)
- A local anesthetic (e.g. lidocaine) is administered in the area where the surgery is to be performed. (omswinnebago.com)
Surgical7
- Conclusions Intraoperative surgical stress was higher under LA and was blunted by carotid shunting under both LA and GA. Within 2 hours after surgery the anesthetic modality no longer had any impact on surgical trauma. (elsevier.com)
- At the end of a surgical procedure, patients typically regain consciousness on their own as doctors simply let anesthetic drugs wear off. (theatlantic.com)
- In this review, we revisit the literature on surgical stress, and outline the mechanisms by which surgical stress, including ischemia/reperfusion injury, activation of sympathetic nervous system, inflammation, systemically hypercoagulable state, immune suppression and effects of anesthetic agents, promotes tumor metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Most pacemakers are inserted under the chest wall through a small incision during a short surgical procedure using only a local anesthetic. (termland.com)
- You will also administer medications and anesthetics for tooth extractions, root canals, and other surgical procedures. (dentalcareerservices.com)
- Local anesthetics effectively inhibit the invasion of cancer cells at concentrations that are used in surgical procedures . (bvsalud.org)
- Cancer recurrence after surgery may be affected by immunosuppressive factors such as surgical stress, anesthetic drugs, and opioids. (silverchair.com)
Dentistry4
- We offer full service general dentistry and we can help you meet your oral health goals. (dentalservicegroup.ca)
- Dental Service Group specializes in general anesthetic dentistry in Edmonton, Alberta and offers a range of sedation dentistry services that cater to your individual needs. (dentalservicegroup.ca)
- From general & preventative dentistry to restorative services including crowns, bridges and implants, we are with you every step of the way. (dentalservicegroup.ca)
- We all know what the term "frontline of defense" refers to, especially when discussing general or preventative dentistry. (brianclarkdds.com)
Amide2
- connexon oligomer and leads to closure.Endogenous anesthetic oleamide (amide of oleic acid) potentiates sleep andlowers temperature through closing gap junction channels. (fliphtml5.com)
- Zynrelef contains bupivacaine, an amide local anesthetic, and meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). (centerwatch.com)
Local24
- Local anesthetic agents are used to increase patient comfort during the procedure. (medscape.com)
- Scavenging systems use local exhaust ventilation to collect waste gases from anesthetic breathing systems and remove them from the workplace. (cdc.gov)
- For more information, see Local Anesthetic Agents, Infiltrative Administration. (medscape.com)
- The choice of the type and concentration of local anesthetic for radial nerve blockade is based on the desired duration. (medscape.com)
- Table 1 provides onset times and duration for some commonly used local anesthetics mixtures. (medscape.com)
- This can range from Monitored Anaesthesia Care (MAC) to general anaesthesia or regional / local anaesthesia. (ispub.com)
- The etiology of pain is complex and multi-factorial, which is made more complex with the use of analgesics and local or general anesthetics. (elsevier.com)
- Practitioners should be prepared to respond quickly to a local anesthetic overdose. (asra.com)
- LAST, Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity. (asra.com)
- Administer general and local anesthetics. (onetonline.org)
- Commonly used IT analgesic agents specifically in the perioperative setting include local anesthetics, opioids, and adjuncts such as epinephrine. (medscape.com)
- In the late 19th century, William Stewart Halsted (1852-1922), while training at Bellevue Hospital, New York, experimented with cocaine as a local anesthetic agent. (medscape.com)
- Apoptosis, Proliferation, and Autophagy Are Involved in Local Anesthetic-Induced Cytotoxicity of Human Breast Cancer Cells. (bvsalud.org)
- In addition to the induction of apoptosis and the suppression of the cellular proliferation rate, the four local anesthetics decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species and increased the autophagy elongation indicator in both cell types. (bvsalud.org)
- Our study demonstrated that the four local anesthetics can reduce tumor growth and proliferation and promote apoptosis and autophagy . (bvsalud.org)
- You will sit upright, and a local anesthetic will be applied. (blackhawkhair.com)
- A doctor may inject a local anesthetic to numb the affected knee only. (snghospital.com)
- The toxic effects of local anesthetics are additive. (centerwatch.com)
- Avoid additional use of local anesthetics within 96 hours following administration of Zynrelef. (centerwatch.com)
- Bupivacaine: Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. (centerwatch.com)
- Pocket reduction surgery may be performed under local or general anesthetic depending on the preferences of the patient. (completedental-al.com)
- Based on the preference of the doctor and/or the patient, a local anesthetic could be used to numb the areas where the teeth will be extracted. (worlddental200.com)
- The administration of local anesthetics in the subarachnoid space produces motor, sensitive and sympathetic block, with latencies and variable and independent block levels. (bvsalud.org)
- Administration of local anesthetics into the intrathecal space blocks sensory, motor and sympathetic nerve conduction. (bvsalud.org)
Patient's5
- Control is more difficult in dental operatories because only the patient's nose is covered during anesthetic administration and scavenging, but both the nose and mouth can be covered in general operating theaters. (cdc.gov)
- In the event that an emergency requires the temporary absence of the person primarily responsible for the anesthetic, the best judgment of the anesthesiologist will be exercised in comparing the emergency with the anesthetized patient's condition and in the selection of the person left responsible for the anesthetic during the temporary absence. (asahq.org)
- During all anesthetics, the patient's oxygenation, ventilation, circulation and temperature shall be continually evaluated. (asahq.org)
- An Anesthesiologist closely monitors patient's vital signs and adjusts the anesthetics appropriately during surgery. (wellness.com)
- Most invasive procedures require dentists to administer anesthetic to keep their patient's pain to a minimum. (theclassroom.com)
Mechanisms8
- To delineate the underlying mechanisms, we evaluate the effects of anesthetics on cancer cells, cytokine levels and lung microenvironment, primarily in 4T1 model for the complete immunity of the subject mice. (nature.com)
- Nowadays, researchers and anesthesiologists know much more about the mechanisms underlying the effects of anesthetic drugs and how they produce the profound change in behavioral state that implies a total lack of perception. (the-scientist.com)
- Treatments, Mechanisms, and Adverse Reactions of Anesthetics and Analgesics is an essential read for anyone working in pain management. (elsevier.com)
- Mechanisms of Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Myocardial Protection" by Lynda M. Ludwig, Judy R. Kersten et al. (marquette.edu)
- This article will review recent advances in the understanding of mechanisms responsible for volatile anesthetic-induced myocardial protection. (marquette.edu)
- and Pagel, Paul S., "Mechanisms of Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Myocardial Protection" (2003). (marquette.edu)
- 2019. Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Anesthetic Mechanisms of Action: A Decade of Discovery. . (cornell.edu)
- 2021. Relevance of Cortical and Hippocampal Interneuron Functional Diversity to General Anesthetic Mechanisms: A Narrative Review. . (cornell.edu)
Surgery7
- The role of anesthetics used during surgery in cancer metastasis and the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. (nature.com)
- An on-going controversy is whether anesthetics used during surgery substantially influence the outcome of cancer patients 2 . (nature.com)
- No narcotics or regional anesthetics were used during surgery. (thejns.org)
- An environmental survey was conducted at the Veterans Administration Medical Center (SIC-8062), Ann Arbor, Michigan, because of the requester's concerns regarding the adequacy of the anesthetic gas scavenging system used in the fourth floor Surgery Service. (cdc.gov)
- use as an anesthetic agent with oxygen in selected high risk patients, such as those undergoing open heart surgery or certain complicated neurological or orthopedic procedures. (nih.gov)
- A dentist may provide general dental care or specialize in a particular area, such as orthodontics or oral surgery. (theclassroom.com)
- Many medications can cause acute nausea and vomiting, such as chemotherapy and general anesthetics used for surgery. (healthgrades.com)
Sedation2
- We are proud to offer in-house general anesthetic and IV sedation to make your visit stress free. (dentalservicegroup.ca)
- Asian rhinoplasty is usually carried out under intravenous sedation, although a general anesthetic can also be used if the patient desires. (drlornebrown.com)
Mechanism3
- Furthermore, the effects of anesthetics in cancer metastasis and potential mechanism remains largely unknown and difficult to be addressed in clinical studies, partially due to the heterogeneity in both patients and diseases. (nature.com)
- Our results support an integrated, multi-site mechanism for allosteric modulation, and they provide atomic details of both potentiation and inhibition by one of the most common general anesthetics. (pasteur.fr)
- The subunit requirement of various drugs such as anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, general anesthetics, barbiturates, ethanol and neurosteroids, which are known to elicit at least some of their pharmacological effects via the GABAA receptors, have been investigated during the last few years so as to understand their exact mechanism of action. (nih.gov)
Inhalation2
- Subject: Anesthetics, Inhalation. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
- There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. (bvsalud.org)
Duration3
- And herein lies the difference in the potency, time of onset and duration of the various anesthetics. (fliphtml5.com)
- The NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) for N2O was 25ppm averaged over the duration of anesthetic administration. (cdc.gov)
- analgesic action of short duration during the anesthetic periods, premedication, induction and maintenance, and in the immediate postoperative period (recovery room) as the need arises. (nih.gov)
Ketamine2
- On June 15, 2018, the Minneapolis Star Tribune reported that Minneapolis police officers repeatedly requested over the past three years that emergency medical system (EMS) paramedics sedate people by injecting them with the dangerous general anesthetic ketamine, sometimes over the objections of those being drugged and in some cases when no apparent crime had been committed. (citizen.org)
- The study will investigate the efficacy of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine as a first line agent in refractory status epilepticus versus traditional general anesthetic agents used for burst suppression that target the gamma-aminobutyric acid adrenergic receptors. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Analgesia1
- General anaesthesia was defined as a drug-induced unconsciousness characterised by a controlled and reversible depression of the central nervous system and analgesia, sufficient to allow endotracheal intubation. (nih.gov)
Barbiturates1
- 1901This correlation is accurate for a broad range of general anesthetics:alkanols, volatileagents, and barbiturates. (fliphtml5.com)
Nerve3
- conductance of membrane or increasing Cl- conductance To affect ion channels, the anesthetic molecules must actually enter membrane of the nerve. (fliphtml5.com)
- PURPOSE: the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of anesthetic blockage of the auriculotemporal nerve as a treatment for temporomandibular joint disorders. (bvsalud.org)
- CONCLUSION: anesthetic blockage of the auriculotemporal nerve may be used in acute cases of pain in the temporomandibular joint. (bvsalud.org)
Patients5
- Conclusion: Consideration in perioperative management and the use of anesthetic agents are absolutely necessary especially in geriatric patients. (researchbib.com)
- The low-dose anesthetic apparently triumphed in these patients where other treatments including oral antidepressants, which can take 8 weeks or longer to 'kick in' failed. (psychiatrictimes.com)
- It was such a success that in early 1845 after using it with some of his patients, Wells gave a demonstration to medical professionals at the Massachusetts General Hospital. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
- It highlights the importance of a general anaesthetic in the minds' of patients. (lasecosmetic.com)
- Not all patients require a general anaesthetic, but if it is necessary we ensure it is as safe as possible and has been planned as an integral part of the service we offer. (lasecosmetic.com)
Volatile anesthetics4
- Also, volatile anesthetics are generally additive in theireffects: a mixture of a half dose of two different volatile anesthetics was in fact equalto a full dose of either drug in isolation. (fliphtml5.com)
- Volatile anesthetics protect myocardium against reversible and irreversible ischemic injury. (marquette.edu)
- Thus, administration of volatile anesthetics may represent a novel therapeutic approach that reduces morbidity and mortality associated with perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction. (marquette.edu)
- 2014. Volatile anesthetics inhibit sodium channels without altering bulk lipid bilayer properties. . (cornell.edu)
Targets3
- BackgroundLigand-gated ion channels are considered to be potential general anesthetic targets. (semanticscholar.org)
- AnestheticIsoflurane was showed to cause ''flickering'' of the acetylcholine receptor Richard A. Lerner PNAS Vol. 94, pp. 13375-13377, 1997 Identification of genes of anesthetic targets in C. Elegance The whole genome (~1000 genes) completely solved! (fliphtml5.com)
- Extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABA A Rs),which contribute generalized inhibitory tone to the mammalian brain, are major targets for general anesthetics. (jbc.org)
Agents1
- AMPA receptors, when assayed in heterologous expression systems, showed a sensitivity to inhalational anesthetics that was minimal when glutamate was applied rapidly at high concentrations, which concludes that AMPA receptors are unlikely to play a major role in the production of the anesthetic state by inhalational agents. (semanticscholar.org)
Veterinary3
- At concentrations close to anesthetic 50% effective concentration, urethane had modest effects on all channels tested, suggesting the lack of a single predominant target for its action, which may account for its usefulness as a veterinary anesthetic. (semanticscholar.org)
- N2O is used as an anesthetic agent* in medical, dental, and veterinary operatories. (cdc.gov)
- We begin with a comprehensive veterinary dental exam to determine if your pet is a good candidate for the non-anesthetic dental cleaning. (greendogdental.com)
Potent4
- The Meyer-Overton rule correlation for anestheticsThe more the drug is soluble in olive oil the more potent as an anesthetic! (fliphtml5.com)
- Allopregnanolone (3α5α-P), pregnanolone, and their synthetic derivatives are potent positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABA A receptors (GABA A Rs) with in vivo anesthetic, anxiolytic, and anti-convulsant effects. (jbc.org)
- In this report, we used 11β-( p -azidotetrafluorobenzoyloxy)allopregnanolone (F 4 N 3 Bzoxy-AP), a general anesthetic and photoreactive allopregnanolone analog that is a potent GABA A R PAM, to characterize steroid-binding sites in the Torpedo α 2 βγδ nAChR in its native membrane environment. (jbc.org)
- Fentanyl Citrate Injection should be administered only by persons specifically trained in the use of intravenous anesthetics and management of the respiratory effects of potent opioids. (nih.gov)
Analgesics1
- Academic libraries that covers the neuroscience of pain, anesthetics and analgesics. (elsevier.com)
Agent1
- Sigmund Freud was another prominent physician who experimented with cocaine as an anesthetic agent and also became an addict, at least for part of his professional career. (medscape.com)
Receptors2
- Anesthetics primarily act on receptors located in the brain and produce oscillations in the brain's circuits, leading to a state of consciousness that it is much. (the-scientist.com)
- Theoretical interpretations of Meyer-Overton empiric rule: 3) Protein Hypothesis (specific interactions)1998 GABA A receptors, glutamate receptors When anesthetics bind to hydrophopic pockets on membrane proteins which undergo conformational changes and alter ion flux. (fliphtml5.com)
Injectable1
- Before a tooth is extracted, the area surrounding the tooth is numbed with a topical/and or injectable anesthetic such as Novocaine. (robertcarpenterdds.com)
Concentration1
- To ensure adequate oxygen concentration in the inspired gas and the blood during all anesthetics. (asahq.org)
Thiopental1
- There is a domestic shortage of the anesthetic thiopental sodium, which is used for lethal injections in every state but Oklahoma. (jdjournal.com)
Procedure3
- There are always dangers when it comes to general anesthetic, but considering your son's honest anxiety about the procedure, if it were my son, I'd opt for general. (metafilter.com)
- Powerful pain-killing medications known as anesthetics not only help a patient avoid discomfort during a procedure, but post-operatively as well. (eggnatzwestondentistry.com)
- Others will prefer to go under a general anesthetic so that they will be sedated during the procedure. (worlddental200.com)
Patient3
- The nature of retrospective studies and inconsistent reports precludes the conclusion on the role of anesthetics in patient outcome. (nature.com)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Anesthetic management of right atrial mass removal and pulmonary artery thrombectomy in a patient with primary antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. (who.int)
- This patient was a current smoker (30 pack-years) with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease and of four uneventful general anesthetics. (asahq.org)
Novocaine1
- Dentists use a wide array of pain management tools, including: Anesthetics such as Novocaine. (eggnatzwestondentistry.com)
Concentrations1
- 2017. Clinical concentrations of chemically diverse general anesthetics minimally affect lipid bilayer properties. . (cornell.edu)
Complications1
- Two in every three maternal deaths are caused by eclampsia, raptured uterus, severe anemia, embolism and anesthetic complications. (who.int)
Effects4
- Our study provides the preclinical evidence informing the distinct effects of anesthetics on metastasis of breast cancers through change of cytokines and the tumor microenvironment. (nature.com)
- Results suggest that inhibition of the (&agr;7)5 nACh receptor by N2O and Xe may play a role in their anesthetic effects. (semanticscholar.org)
- 2017. Divergent effects of anesthetics on lipid bilayer properties and sodium channel function. . (cornell.edu)
- 2021. Effects of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission and plasticity. . (cornell.edu)
NIOSH1
- NIOSH requests that safety and health officials, editors of appropriate journals, manufacturers of anesthetic equipment, union representatives, employers, and managers bring the recommendations in this Alert to the attention of all workers who are at risk. (cdc.gov)
Treatments1
- In general, splints have shown modest active therapeutic eff ects in reducing TMD pain, compared to a placebo control in more severe cases, and results comparable to other treatments. (bvsalud.org)
Lipid bilayer1
- http://www.anes.upmc.edu/anesnews/volume/2003winter_spring/articles/focus.html Theoretical interpretations of Meyer-Overton empiric rule1954 1) First Nonspecific unitary theory of narcosis: distortion of the lipid bilayer is caused by accumulation of anesthetic molecules in the neuronal cell membrane providing anesthetic effect. (fliphtml5.com)
Induce1
- All drugs and techniques that induce the anesthetic state act in some way in the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). (bvsalud.org)
Numb2
- The type of anesthetic used to numb pain will depend on the extent of the arthroscopy. (snghospital.com)
- If both knees are affected, the doctor may use a regional anesthetic to numb the person from the waist down. (snghospital.com)
Inhibit1
- Recently, R- 1-methyl-5-allyl-5-( m -trifluoromethyl-diazirinylphenyl) barbituric acid ( R-m TFD-MPAB), an anesthetic and GABA A R potentiator, has been shown to inhibit Torpedo α 2 βγδ nAChRs, binding in the ion channel and to a γ + -α − subunit interface site similar to its GABA A R intersubunit binding site. (jbc.org)
Administration2
- This Alert presents control measures for preventing or greatly reducing exposure to N2O during the administration of anesthetic gas. (cdc.gov)
- Increased risk of hypotension if ability to maintain blood pressure has been compromised by a reduced blood volume or concurrent administration of certain CNS depressant drugs (eg, phenothiazines or general anesthetics). (medscape.com)
Wisdom teeth14
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- For all of your general anesthetic wisdom teeth services in the Summerlin, NV area, give us a call at 702-341-1004. (drddental.com)
- DRD Dental has a friendly staff, a clean facility and provide excellent general anesthetic wisdom teeth services in the Summerlin, NV area. (drddental.com)
- Dr. Diana and her team at DRD Dental in the Summerlin, NV area provide complete state of the art general anesthetic wisdom teeth services in order to achieve optimal dental health. (drddental.com)
- We focus on prevention and provide all of our general anesthetic wisdom teeth services in a warm and caring environment. (drddental.com)
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- We would love to solve your general anesthetic wisdom teeth needs and provide you a Service unlike any other company in Summerlin, NV could. (drddental.com)
- In general, the lack of the four wisdom teeth does not hamper one's ability to properly bite down, speak or eat. (robertcarpenterdds.com)