Anesthesia, General
Anesthesia
Anesthesia, Local
Intubation, Intratracheal
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Anesthesia, Conduction
Anesthesia, Intravenous
Anesthesia, Obstetrical
Anesthesia Recovery Period
Lung
Instillation, Drug
Trachea
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)
Anesthetics, Intravenous
Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia
Propofol
An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.
Isoflurane
Anesthetics, Local
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
Bleomycin
Anesthetics, Combined
Monitoring, Intraoperative
Anesthetics
Nitrous Oxide
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Halothane
A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)
Pulmonary Alveoli
Lidocaine
Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit
Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.
Macrophages, Alveolar
Lung Injury
Fentanyl
Anesthetics, General
Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)
Preanesthetic Medication
Ketamine
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Nerve Block
Thiopental
Pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
Chemokine CXCL2
Anesthetics, Dissociative
Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
Disease Models, Animal
Enflurane
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).
Xylazine
Anesthesia Department, Hospital
Pneumonia, Aspiration
Conscious Sedation
Pulmonary Surfactants
Intraoperative Complications
Administration, Inhalation
Lung Compliance
The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)
Silicon Dioxide
Neutrophils
Hydroxyproline
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Anesthesia and Analgesia
Quartz
Prilocaine
Drug Administration Routes
Hemodynamics
Silicosis
Methohexital
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Electroencephalography
Mepivacaine
A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)
Alfentanil
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Pulmonary Edema
Surgical Procedures, Minor
Respiration, Artificial
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Xenon
Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.
Midazolam
A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
Prospective Studies
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult
Oxygen
Neutrophil Infiltration
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Ether
Inflammation
Surgical Procedures, Operative
Respiration
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Chloralose
Double-Blind Method
Postoperative Complications
Analgesics, Opioid
Sufentanil
Consciousness Monitors
Asbestos, Amosite
Laryngeal Masks
A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.
Medetomidine
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.
Monokines
Intraoperative Awareness
Pancreatic Elastase
Soot
A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.
Pain Measurement
Mesocricetus
Succinylcholine
A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.
Neuromuscular Blockade
The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.
Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
Respiratory Mucosa
The mucous membrane lining the RESPIRATORY TRACT, including the NASAL CAVITY; the LARYNX; the TRACHEA; and the BRONCHI tree. The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from ciliated columnar to simple squamous, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.
Laryngoscopy
Rats, Wistar
Inhalation Exposure
Respiratory Mechanics
Androstanols
Bronchi
Hypotension, Controlled
Aerosols
Mineral Fibers
Long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured filaments of various lengths. They form the structure of some minerals. The medical significance lies in their potential ability to cause various types of PNEUMOCONIOSIS (e.g., ASBESTOSIS) after occupational or environmental exposure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p708)
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
Dogs
Etomidate
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Deep Sedation
Tidal Volume
Airway Resistance
Intraoperative Care
Urethane
Leukocyte Count
Ephedrine
A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Benzopyrenes
Titanium
Injections, Spinal
Carbon Dioxide
Hypotension
Random Allocation
Chemokine CXCL1
Shivering
Extravascular Lung Water
Water content outside of the lung vasculature. About 80% of a normal lung is made up of water, including intracellular, interstitial, and blood water. Failure to maintain the normal homeostatic fluid exchange between the vascular space and the interstitium of the lungs can result in PULMONARY EDEMA and flooding of the alveolar space.
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.
Endotoxins
Fluorocarbons
Droperidol
A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)
Respiratory System
Nanotubes, Carbon
Respiratory Hypersensitivity
Brachial Plexus
The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.
Peroxidase
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Chemokines
Fullerenes
Laryngismus
Mandibular Nerve
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
Nurse Anesthetists
Vecuronium Bromide
Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.
Pulmonary Emphysema
Dental treatment of handicapped patients using endotracheal anesthesia. (1/30)
Dental treatment using endotracheal anesthesia is indicated where acute odontogenic infections, accidental injuries, or multiple caries and periodontitis marginalis require surgical and/or restorative treatment. It is also indicated where it is not possible to use psychological support during local anesthesia or during premedication or analgosedation. Dental treatment of handicapped patients using endotracheal anesthesia is described, along with indication and frequency of such treatment. The state of the dentition is illustrated, along with its relationship to the oral hygiene the handicapped patients receive. The main points of the intraoperative dental procedures and the follow-up of patient care are reported. Postoperative dental or general medical complications have not occurred within the patient population under study. (+info)General anesthetics and regional hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. (2/30)
Administration of N2O, fluroxene and isoflurane to the left lower lobe (LLL) of dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital was previously shown to inhibit LLL hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Using the same experimental model, the present study examined the effect of whole-lung administration of N2O, fluroxene, isoflurane, halothane, and enflurane on left-lower-lobe HPV. Selective ventilation of the LLL with N2 alone caused blood flow to the lobe to decrease 53.3 +/- 3.0 per cent. Responses to LLL hypoxia were remeasured during administration of inhalation anesthetics at 1 and 2 MAC to both the LLL and the rest of the lung. Isoflurane and fluroxene progressively inhibited and at 2 MAC halved lobar HPV. N2O (one third MAC) caused slight but significant inhibition, while halothane and enflurane caused slight and nonsignificant changes in lobar HPV. These effects of whole-lung administration of anesthetics on HPV were almost identical to those obtained when the administration was confined to the test lobe alone. It is concluded that N2O, isoflurane, and fluroxene locally inhibit regional HPV and via this mechanism increase total venous admixture, while halothane and enflurane do not have this effect. (+info)Advanced airway control in trauma resuscitation. (3/30)
Definitive airway control which may require endotracheal intubation with or without an induction agent and muscle relaxant is an essential component of trauma resuscitation. We reviewed the delivery of advanced airway care in the resuscitation room of a regional trauma centre. This prospective survey suggests that in the absence of an experienced anaesthetist, A&E staff with a background of suitable training and experience may undertake the anaesthetic responsibility associated with securing a definitive airway when the situation demands. (+info)Carbon dioxide monitoring and evidence-based practice - now you see it, now you don't. (4/30)
Carbon dioxide has been monitored in the body using a variety of technologies with a multitude of applications. The monitoring of this common physiologic variable in medicine is an illustrative example of the different levels of evidence that are required before any new health technology should establish itself in clinical practice. End-tidal capnography and sublingual capnometry are two examples of carbon dioxide monitoring that require very different levels of evidence before being disseminated widely. The former deserves its status as a basic standard based on observational data. The latter should be considered investigational until prospective controlled data supporting its use become available. Other applications of carbon dioxide monitoring are also discussed. (+info)Local administration of 2% trimecaine affects the content of fucosylated glycoconjugates in goblet cells in rabbit tracheal epithelium. (5/30)
The proportion of fucosylated glycoconjugate-containing rabbit tracheal goblet cells after intratracheal application of trimecaine was studied to evaluate its possible unfavourable effects. This lapine model is comparable with diagnostic findings in humans because airway epithelia in humans and rabbits are similar; tracheal epithelium is also practically identical to bronchial epithelium in both species. Local trimecaine anaesthesia caused a proportional decrease in percentage of the tracheal goblet cells containing both alpha(1-2)- and alpha(1-6)-, alpha(1-3)- and alpha(1-4)-fucosylated glycoconjugates as revealed 10 min postexposure using lectin histochemistry. In previous studies, only mild ultrastructural damage to the airway's epithelium was revealed, but a conspicuous decrease in sialylated glycoconjugate-containing tracheal goblet cells and the dominance of acidic sulphated glycoconjugates were observed as after-effects of the same treatment. Glycoconjugate changes can influence the inner environment of airways (e.g. viscoelastic properties of the airways' mucus and mucosal barrier functions) and thus the patient's defence barriers in airways may be weakened. Concurrently, the histochemical properties of goblet cells can be altered in bronchoscopic specimens. Since trimecaine is widely used as local anaesthesia in airways in bronchoscopy, it is necessary to heed these aforementioned effects. (+info)Adverse respiratory events infrequently leading to malpractice suits. A closed claims analysis. (6/30)
Adverse outcomes associated with respiratory events are the single largest class of injury in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project (762 of the 2,046 cases, 37%). Inadequate ventilation, esophageal intubation, and difficult tracheal intubation are the most common mechanisms of respiratory-related adverse outcomes. An analysis of closed claims data regarding these mechanisms has been reported previously. This report is concerned with 300 claims for five other less common but important categories of respiratory-related adverse outcomes in which recurrent themes of management error or patterns of injury could be identified: airway trauma, pneumothorax, airway obstruction, aspiration, and bronchospasm. Airway trauma (97 claims, 5% of the database) was associated with difficult intubation in 41 (42%) of the cases and the most frequent sites of injury were the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus. Pneumothorax (67 cases, 3% of the database) was usually either needle-related (block or central vascular catheter placement) or airway management-related (instrumentation or barotrauma). Airway obstruction (56 claims, 3% of the database) occurred in the upper airway in 39 (70%) of the cases. Aspiration (56 claims, 3% of the database) usually occurred during general anesthesia, either during induction prior to tracheal intubation or during maintenance of anesthesia delivered via mask. Bronchospasm (40 claims, 2% of the database) tended to occur during induction of general anesthesia in patients with a history of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or smoking. The incidence of severe injury (brain damage and death) among these cases in the five categories was 47% overall, ranging from 12% in airway trauma claims to nearly 90% in claims for airway obstruction and bronchospasm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) (+info)Management of the difficult adult airway. With special emphasis on awake tracheal intubation. (7/30)
Difficulty in managing the airway is the single most important cause of major anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Successful management of a difficult airway begins with recognizing the potential problem. All patients should be examined for their ability to open their mouth widely and for the structures visible upon mouth opening, the size of the mandibular space, and ability to assume the sniff position. If there is a good possibility that intubation and/or ventilation by mask will be difficult, then the airway should be secured while the patient is still awake. In order for an awake intubation to be successful, it is absolutely essential that the patient be properly prepared; otherwise, the anesthesiologist will simply fulfill a self-defeating prophecy. Once the patient is properly prepared, it is likely that any one of a number of intubation techniques will be successful. If the patient is already anesthetized and/or paralyzed and intubation is found to be difficult, many repeated attempts at intubation should be avoided because progressive development of laryngeal edema and hemorrhage will develop and the ability to ventilate the lungs via mask consequently may be lost. After several attempts at intubation, it may be best to awaken the patient, do a semielective tracheostomy, or proceed with the case using mask ventilation. In the event that the ability to ventilate via mask is lost and the patient's lungs still cannot be ventilated, TTJV should be instituted immediately. Tracheal extubation of a patient with a difficult airway over a jet stylet permits a controlled, gradual, and reversible (in that ventilation and reintubation is possible at any time) withdrawal from the airway. Significant advances in the management of the difficult airway have occurred in recent years. Eighty percent of the 127 references in this article were published after 1985. However, there is much more to learn with regard to recognition of the difficult airway, preparation of the patient for an awake intubation, new techniques of endotracheal intubation, and establishment of gas exchange in patients who cannot be intubated or ventilated by mask. As the anesthesiologist's ability to manage the difficult airway significantly improves, respiratory-related morbidity and mortality will decrease. (+info)Effects of pharmacologic alterations of adrenergic mechanisms by cocaine, tropolone, aminophylline, and ketamine on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. (8/30)
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pharmacologic alterations of adrenergic terminating mechanisms by cocaine, tropolone, aminophylline, and ketamine on the ability of epinephrine to induce arrhythmias during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in dogs. Because the first three drugs inhibit intraneuronal uptake of catecholamines, extraneuronal catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and phosphodiesterase, respectively, they might be expected to potentiate epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. To evaluate this possibility, the authors devised a technique for determining the minimal arrhythmic dosage of epinephrine that permitted graded assessment of changes in the sensitivity of the heart to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. When the first three drugs were administered to the same dog in the order listed at intervals of 60 minutes, they sequentially increased the ability of epinephrine to induce arrhythmias. Ketamine, according to several investigators, also appears to block reuptake of catecholamines, and when studied was also found to enhance the arrhythmogenicity of epinephrine. The extent of enhancement was comparable to that seen with cocaine. These results indicate that drugs like cocaine and ketamine that interfere with intraneuronal uptake can facilitate the development of epinephrine-induced arrhythmias and that the successive pharmacologic interference of intraneuron uptake, COMT, and phosphodiesterase leads to a stepwise increase in the arrhythmogenicity of epinephrine. (+info)
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History of general anesthesia
After World War I, further advances were made in the field of intratracheal anesthesia. Among these were those made by Sir Ivan ... Etymology of "anesthesia"[edit]. The word "anesthesia", coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) in 1846 from the Greek ἀν- ... Jackson, Chevalier (May 1996). "The technique of insertion of intratracheal insufflation tubes". Pediatric Anesthesia. 6 (3): ... Janeway, HH (November 1913). "Intra-tracheal anesthesia from the standpoint of the nose, throat and oral surgeon with a ...
Laryngoscopy
Jackson, Chevalier (1996). "The technique of insertion of intratracheal insufflation tubes". Pediatric Anesthesia. 6 (3): 230. ... "Intra-Tracheal Anesthesia from the Standpoint of the Nose, Throat and Oral Surgeon with a Description of a New Instrument for ... "Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 14 (8): 620-6. doi:10.1016/S0952-8180(02)00457-9. PMC 4803417. PMID 12565125.. ... Gorback MS (1991). "Management of the challenging airway with the Bullard laryngoscope". Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 3 (6 ...
Tracheal intubation
It can however be performed in the awake patient with local or topical anesthesia or in an emergency without any anesthesia at ... Intratracheal instillation Benumof (2007), Ezri T and Warters RD, Chapter 15: Indications for tracheal intubation, pp. 371-8 ... The tube is then secured to the face or neck and connected to a T-piece, anesthesia breathing circuit, bag valve mask device, ... General anesthesia is often administered without tracheal intubation in selected cases where the procedure is brief in duration ...
Arthur Ernest Guedel
Guedel, A; Waters, R (1928). "A new intratracheal catheter". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 7 (4): 238-239.. ... Calverley, R.K. (1985). Anesthesia: Essays on its History. Germany: Springer. Calmes, S.H. (2004). Two Men and their dog: Ralph ... Guedel taught various medical personnel, from nurses to orderlies, how to manage anesthesia, Because of this, he defined the ... as well for defining the various stages of general anesthesia. The guedel pattern airway is named after him.[citation needed] ...
Plastic bronchitis
Evaluation by means of bronchoscopy can be difficult and time consuming and is best performed under general anesthesia. Casts ... Houin, PR; Veress, LA; Rancourt, RC; Hendry-Hofer, TB; Loader, JE; Rioux, JS; Garlick, RB; White, CW (2015). "Intratracheal ... Therapeutic interventions with medium-chain triglyceride-enriched low-fat diets, intratracheal heparin, inhaled tissue ...
List of MeSH codes (E03)
... anesthesia, closed-circuit MeSH E03.155.197.364 - anesthesia, rectal MeSH E03.155.253 - anesthesia, intratracheal MeSH E03.155. ... anesthesia, caudal MeSH E03.155.086.231 - anesthesia, local MeSH E03.155.086.331 - anesthesia, spinal MeSH E03.155.086.711 - ... 308 - anesthesia, intravenous MeSH E03.155.364 - anesthesia, obstetrical MeSH E03.155.441 - cryoanesthesia MeSH E03.155.519 - ... anesthesia, conduction MeSH E03.155.086.131 - anesthesia, epidural MeSH E03.155.086.131.100 - ...
Henry Edmund Gaskin Boyle
Boyle promoted intratracheal insufflation techniques using nitrous oxide, oxygen and ether, replacing open-drop anaesthesia. ... Wilkinson, David J. (2002). "Henry Edmund Gaskin Boyle (1875 - 1941)". History of Anesthesia by José Carlos Diz, Avelino Franco ...
Henry Harrington Janeway
An Apparatus for Intratracheal Insufflation. Annals of surgery, 56(2), 328. Janeway, H. H. (1913). Intra‐tracheal anesthesia ... The Laryngoscope, 23(11), 1082-1090 Janeway, H. H. (1913). Intratracheal Anaesthesia: A. By Nitrous Oxide and Oxygen. B. By ... Simple and Complete Forms of Apparatus for Intratracheal Anæsthesia. Annals of surgery, 59(4), 628. Janeway, H. H. (1914). ...
Laryngology
17: 507-9. Abstract reprinted in "The technique of insertion of intratracheal insufflation tubes". Pediatric Anesthesia. 6 (3 ... Jackson, C (1913). "The technique of insertion of intratracheal insufflation tubes". Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics. ...
Intratracheal instillation
... the confounding effects of the delivery vehicle and anesthesia, and the fact that it bypasses the upper respiratory tract. ... Intratracheal instillation is the introduction of a substance directly into the trachea. It is widely used to test the ... Intratracheal instillation was reported as early as 1923 in studies of the carcinogenicity of coal tar. Modern methodology was ... Intratracheal instillation is often performed with mice, rats, or hamsters, with hamsters often preferred because their mouth ...
Anesthesia, Intratracheal - DrugBank
This project is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (award #111062), Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions, and by The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), a nationally-funded research and core facility that supports a wide range of cutting-edge metabolomic studies. TMIC is funded by Genome Alberta, Genome British Columbia, and Genome Canada, a not-for-profit organization that is leading Canadas national genomics strategy with funding from the federal government. Maintenance, support, and commercial licensing is provided by OMx Personal Health Analytics, Inc. Designed by Educe Design & Innovation Inc. ...
Ketamine Active Not Recruiting Phase 4 Trials for Hernia / Anesthesia, Intratracheal / Intravenous Anesthesia / Pain, Chronic /...
INTRATRACHEAL ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN USING A NEW OPEN TO AND FRO SYSTEM | Anesthesiology | ASA Publications
Paul H. Lorhan; INTRATRACHEAL ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN USING A NEW OPEN TO AND FRO SYSTEM. Anesthesiology 1945;6(5):535-536. doi ... INTRATRACHEAL ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN USING A NEW OPEN TO AND FRO SYSTEM ... INTRATRACHEAL ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN USING A NEW OPEN TO AND FRO SYSTEM ... INTRATRACHEAL ANESTHESIA IN CHILDREN USING A NEW OPEN TO AND FRO SYSTEM. Anesthesiology 9 1945, Vol.6, 535-536. doi:https://doi ...
INTRATRACHEAL INHALATIO ANESTHESIA | JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery | The JAMA Network
Obstetrical anesthesia | definition of obstetrical anesthesia by Medical dictionary
What is obstetrical anesthesia? Meaning of obstetrical anesthesia medical term. What does obstetrical anesthesia mean? ... Looking for online definition of obstetrical anesthesia in the Medical Dictionary? obstetrical anesthesia explanation free. ... intrathecal anesthesia. Intrathecal analgesia.. intratracheal anesthesia. Anesthesia administered through a catheter advanced ... stocking anesthesia, Infiltration anesthesia, Local anesthesia, One lung anesthesia, Tumescent anesthesia, Vocal anesthesia. ...
Noninvasive Intratracheal Intubation to Study the Pathology and Physiology of Mouse Lung | Protocol
1. Anesthesia. *First, anesthetize the mouse using a mixture of ketamine and xylazine (100 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body ... Inhalation, intranasal instillation, intratracheal instillation, and intratracheal intubation are the most widely used ... intratracheal instillation, and intratracheal intubation1-4. The latter procedure has not been routinely used because it is ... Noninvasive Intratracheal Intubation to Study the Pathology and Physiology of Mouse Lung. Yan Cai1, Shioko Kimura1 ...
Intratracheal tube | definition of intratracheal tube by Medical dictionary
What is intratracheal tube? Meaning of intratracheal tube medical term. What does intratracheal tube mean? ... Looking for online definition of intratracheal tube in the Medical Dictionary? intratracheal tube explanation free. ... intratracheal anesthesia. *intratracheal anesthesia. *intratracheal anesthesia. *intratracheal anesthesia. *intratracheal ... redirected from intratracheal tube). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus. endotracheal. [en″do-tra´ke-al] within the trachea. ...
History of general anesthesia - Wikipedia
After World War I, further advances were made in the field of intratracheal anesthesia. Among these were those made by Sir Ivan ... Etymology of "anesthesia"[edit]. The word "anesthesia", coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894) in 1846 from the Greek ἀν- ... Jackson, Chevalier (May 1996). "The technique of insertion of intratracheal insufflation tubes". Pediatric Anesthesia. 6 (3): ... Janeway, HH (November 1913). "Intra-tracheal anesthesia from the standpoint of the nose, throat and oral surgeon with a ...
Laryngoscopy - Wikipedia
Jackson, Chevalier (1996). "The technique of insertion of intratracheal insufflation tubes". Pediatric Anesthesia. 6 (3): 230. ... "Intra-Tracheal Anesthesia from the Standpoint of the Nose, Throat and Oral Surgeon with a Description of a New Instrument for ... "Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 14 (8): 620-6. doi:10.1016/S0952-8180(02)00457-9. PMC 4803417. PMID 12565125.. ... Gorback MS (1991). "Management of the challenging airway with the Bullard laryngoscope". Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 3 (6 ...
Self-directed deliberate practice with virtual fiberoptic intubation improves initial skills for anesthesia residents
Self-directed practice using VFI software may improve the initial acquisition of fibreoptic intubation skills for anesthesia ... Intubation, Intratracheal / instrumentation* * Intubation, Intratracheal / methods* * Male * Practice, Psychological * Software ... Self-directed deliberate practice with virtual fiberoptic intubation improves initial skills for anesthesia residents Minerva ... Methods: After informed consent, 23 first year anesthesia residents with no previous experience of fiberoptic intubation were ...
Arthur Ernest Guedel - Wikipedia
Guedel, A; Waters, R (1928). "A new intratracheal catheter". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 7 (4): 238-239.. ... Calverley, R.K. (1985). Anesthesia: Essays on its History. Germany: Springer. Calmes, S.H. (2004). Two Men and their dog: Ralph ... Guedel taught various medical personnel, from nurses to orderlies, how to manage anesthesia, Because of this, he defined the ... as well for defining the various stages of general anesthesia. The guedel pattern airway is named after him.[citation needed] ...
Perioperative respiratory events in smokers and nonsmokers undergoing general anaesthesia
Autoregulation of renal blood flow during halothane anesthesia.
Effects of Intratracheal Lidocaine on Circulatory Responses to Tracheal Intubation | Anesthesiology | ASA Publications
Associate Professor of Anesthesia.. Article Information Education Education , October 1974 Effects of Intratracheal Lidocaine ... Effects of Intratracheal Lidocaine on Circulatory Responses to Tracheal Intubation J. Kenneth Denlincer, M.D.; Norig Ellison, M ... Effects of Intratracheal Lidocaine on Circulatory Responses to Tracheal Intubation You will receive an email whenever this ... J. Kenneth Denlincer, Norig Ellison, Alan J. Ominsky; Effects of Intratracheal Lidocaine on Circulatory Responses to Tracheal ...
August 2010 - Volume 111 - Issue 2 : Anesthesia & Analgesia
Neurosurgical Anesthesia; Obstetric Anesthesia; Pain Mechanisms; Pain Medicine; Pediatric Anesthesia; Regional Anesthesia; ... Ambulatory Anesthesia; Anesthetic Pharmacology; Cardiovascular Anesthesia; Critical Care and Trauma; Economics, Education, and ... Backed by internationally-known authorities who serve on the Editorial Board and as Section Editors, Anesthesia &Analgesia is ... No other journal can match Anesthesia & Analgesia for its original and significant contributions to the anesthesiology field. ...
Tracheal intubation using the Airtraq: a comparison with the lightwand.
Anesthesia, General / methods. Equipment Design. Female. Humans. Intubation, Intratracheal / instrumentation*, methods. ... 788549 - Neutrophil chemotaxis during and after general anesthesia and operation.. 19881019 - A scoring system as a method to ... Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, ...
Effects of intratracheal lidocaine on circulatory responses to tracheal intubation. - Semantic Scholar
Effects of intratracheal lidocaine on circulatory responses to tracheal intubation. by J Kenneth Denlinger et al. ... Local Airway Anesthesia Attenuates Hemodynamic Responses to Intubation and Extubation in Hypertensive Surgical Patients. *You- ... Effects of intratracheal lidocaine on circulatory responses to tracheal intubation.. @article{Denlinger1974EffectsOI, title={ ... Study to assess the laryngeal and pharyngeal spread of topical local anesthetic administered orally during general anesthesia ...
AT2R Gene Delivered by Condensed Polylysine Complexes Attenuates Lewis Lung Carcinoma after Intravenous Injection or...
K9 alone intratracheal (IT), K9 alone intravenous (IV), K9-pAT2R-Ca2+ intratracheal (complex IT), or K9-pAT2R-Ca2+ intravenous ... Mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under deep anesthesia at 14 days after the complex treatment. The lungs were ... For the intratracheal administration, 40 μL the K9-pAT2R-Ca2+ complex solution was mixed with 10 μL 10% glucose for the ... Single intravenous or intratracheal administrations of the K9-pAT2R-Ca2+ complexes significantly attenuated the growth of LLC ...
Jaw Neoplasms
Summary Report | CureHunter
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)
The IκB Family Member Bcl-3 Coordinates the Pulmonary Defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection | The Journal of...
Pulmonary infection was initiated by intratracheal instillation of bacteria. For this purpose, short-duration anesthesia was ... A, H&E-stained lung sections from WT mice (a, c) and Bcl-3 KO mice (b, d) 48 h (a, b) and 72 h (c, d) after intratracheal ... Following intratracheal instillation of 104 bacteria, ∼60% of WT mice died within the 14-d follow-up. In contrast, all but one ... Survival of WT and Bcl-3 deficient (Bcl-3 KO) mice subjected to intratracheal instillation of 104 (A) and 2 × 103 (B) CFU of K ...
Intratracheal Stents for Pets | OVRS Blog | OVRS
Intratracheal stenting is a minimally invasive procedure performed under a short-term anesthesia. By placing the stent inside ... These pets are candidates to have an intratracheal stent placed.. An intratracheal stent is a self-expanding prosthesis that is ... Intratracheal Stents for Pets. October 2, 2014 by OVRS Staff Unfortunately the diagnosis of a collapsing trachea is one all too ... Oakland Veterinary Referral Services is excited to be able to offer intratracheal stenting to our patients. Dr. Jennifer ...
Whole‐Body Imaging of Infection Using Fluorescence - Current Protocols
Support Protocol 2: Subcutaneous and Intratracheal Infection of Mice. *Support Protocol 3: Isoflurane Gas Anesthesia ... intratracheal infection of mice ( protocol 5. ), IVIS image analysis and spectral unmixing ( protocol 1. ), and 3D (FLIT) ... 10 mg/ml ketamine/1 mg/ml xylazine in distilled H 2O for intratracheal infection (store at 4°C) ... Additional reagents and equipment for isoflurane anesthesia of the mouse ( protocol 6. ) and preparation of cultures for ...
Pulmonary administration of chemically modified insulin - PATTON JOHN S.
The in-vivo intratracheal rat study was conducted essentially as described in Example 8 above. The precise dosing regimen and ... mixed with oxygen for approximately 5 minutes in a plexiglass anesthesia chamber. Administration was accomplished by insertion ... Intratracheal Instillation The rats were lightly anesthetized using inhaled 3.0-5.0% Isoflurane (Abbott Laboratories) ... In a study similar to Example 9 above, 750-1-PEG insulin was administered to rats by intratracheal administration at doses ...
JCI -
SIRT1 protects against emphysema via FOXO3-mediated reduction of premature senescence in mice
E and F) No significant difference in Lm of airspace was seen between Mac-Sirt1-/- and WT mice after elastase intratracheal ... by securing the upper incisor teeth to the board after anesthesia with ketamine (100 mg/kg i.p.). The tongue was pulled forward ... Nonetheless, 6 months of CS exposure and elastase intratracheal injection increased the Lm of airspace by approximately 19% and ... Intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase. Mice were suspended at 50°-60° ...
Noninvasive Intratracheal Intubation to Study the Pathology and Physiology of Mouse Lung | Protocol (Translated to Russian)
... effect of instillation volume and form of anesthesia. PLoS One. 7, e31359 (2012). ... Jackson, P., et al. Exposure of pregnant mice to carbon black by intratracheal instillation: toxicogenomic effects in dams and ... Cai, Y., Kimura, S. Noninvasive Intratracheal Intubation to Study the Pathology and Physiology of Mouse Lung. J. Vis. Exp. (81 ... Rayamajhi, M., Redente, E. F., Condon, T. V., Gonzalez-Juarrero, M., Riches, D. W., Lenz, L. L. Non-surgical intratracheal ...
Frontiers | TNF-α-Producing Cryptococcus neoformans Exerts Protective Effects on Host Defenses in Murine Pulmonary...
BALB/c mice were infected with an intratracheal inoculation of 104 cells of H99-α or WT C. neoformans strain H99. Fungal burden ... All manipulations involving live mice were performed under general anesthesia, and endpoint criteria were used for survival ... Intratracheal Inoculation of C. neoformans. Mice were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (100 mg/kg body ... BALB/c mice were infected with an intratracheal inoculation of 104 cells of H99-α or WT C. neoformans strain H99. Fungal burden ...
THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE FOR ANESTHESIA IN ANIMALS | JEM
In this stage intratracheal intubation for artificial respiration can be easily accomplished. This stage may be attained in 12 ... The production of anesthesia by intravenous injection of magnesium sulphate should not be undertaken unless an apparatus for ... In such instances, moreover, injections of magnesium should not be used for the purpose of anesthesia; at least not until ... THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE FOR ANESTHESIA IN ANIMALS. J. Auer, S. J. Meltzer ...
US Patent # 7,989,503. Smooth muscle peristole inhibitor - Patents.com
An intratracheal tube was inserted and fixed. A gas mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen was introduced. Using an isoflurane ... Each dog fasting one whole day and night (weighing about 10 kg) received atropine sulfate as a pre-anesthesia drug ... The concentration of the isoflurane was increased gradually from 0.5%, whereby maintaining the anesthesia. This anesthetized ... intravenously followed by intravenous sodium thiopental to effect the anesthesia. ...