Anesthesia, General
Anesthesia
Anesthesia, Local
Intubation, Intratracheal
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Anesthesia, Conduction
Anesthesia, Intravenous
Anesthesia, Obstetrical
Anesthesia Recovery Period
Lung
Instillation, Drug
Trachea
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)
Anesthetics, Intravenous
Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia
Propofol
An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.
Isoflurane
Anesthetics, Local
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
Bleomycin
Anesthetics, Combined
Monitoring, Intraoperative
Anesthetics
Nitrous Oxide
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Halothane
A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)
Pulmonary Alveoli
Lidocaine
Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit
Inhalation anesthesia where the gases exhaled by the patient are rebreathed as some carbon dioxide is simultaneously removed and anesthetic gas and oxygen are added so that no anesthetic escapes into the room. Closed-circuit anesthesia is used especially with explosive anesthetics to prevent fires where electrical sparking from instruments is possible.
Macrophages, Alveolar
Lung Injury
Fentanyl
Anesthetics, General
Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)
Preanesthetic Medication
Ketamine
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Nerve Block
Thiopental
Pentobarbital
A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)
Chemokine CXCL2
Anesthetics, Dissociative
Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
Disease Models, Animal
Enflurane
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).
Xylazine
Anesthesia Department, Hospital
Pneumonia, Aspiration
Conscious Sedation
Pulmonary Surfactants
Intraoperative Complications
Administration, Inhalation
Lung Compliance
The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)
Silicon Dioxide
Neutrophils
Hydroxyproline
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Anesthesia and Analgesia
Quartz
Prilocaine
Drug Administration Routes
Hemodynamics
Silicosis
Methohexital
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Electroencephalography
Mepivacaine
A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168)
Alfentanil
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Pulmonary Edema
Surgical Procedures, Minor
Respiration, Artificial
Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Xenon
Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents
Drugs that interrupt transmission at the skeletal neuromuscular junction without causing depolarization of the motor end plate. They prevent acetylcholine from triggering muscle contraction and are used as muscle relaxants during electroshock treatments, in convulsive states, and as anesthesia adjuvants.
Midazolam
A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
Prospective Studies
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult
Oxygen
Neutrophil Infiltration
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Ether
Inflammation
Surgical Procedures, Operative
Respiration
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Chloralose
Double-Blind Method
Postoperative Complications
Analgesics, Opioid
Sufentanil
Consciousness Monitors
Asbestos, Amosite
Laryngeal Masks
A type of oropharyngeal airway that provides an alternative to endotracheal intubation and standard mask anesthesia in certain patients. It is introduced into the hypopharynx to form a seal around the larynx thus permitting spontaneous or positive pressure ventilation without penetration of the larynx or esophagus. It is used in place of a facemask in routine anesthesia. The advantages over standard mask anesthesia are better airway control, minimal anesthetic gas leakage, a secure airway during patient transport to the recovery area, and minimal postoperative problems.
Medetomidine
Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Drugs that interrupt transmission of nerve impulses at the skeletal neuromuscular junction. They can be of two types, competitive, stabilizing blockers (NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS) or noncompetitive, depolarizing agents (NEUROMUSCULAR DEPOLARIZING AGENTS). Both prevent acetylcholine from triggering the muscle contraction and they are used as anesthesia adjuvants, as relaxants during electroshock, in convulsive states, etc.
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.
Monokines
Intraoperative Awareness
Pancreatic Elastase
Soot
A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.
Pain Measurement
Mesocricetus
Succinylcholine
A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.
Neuromuscular Blockade
The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.
Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury
Respiratory Mucosa
The mucous membrane lining the RESPIRATORY TRACT, including the NASAL CAVITY; the LARYNX; the TRACHEA; and the BRONCHI tree. The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from ciliated columnar to simple squamous, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.
Laryngoscopy
Rats, Wistar
Inhalation Exposure
Respiratory Mechanics
Androstanols
Bronchi
Hypotension, Controlled
Aerosols
Mineral Fibers
Long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured filaments of various lengths. They form the structure of some minerals. The medical significance lies in their potential ability to cause various types of PNEUMOCONIOSIS (e.g., ASBESTOSIS) after occupational or environmental exposure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p708)
Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
Dogs
Etomidate
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
Deep Sedation
Tidal Volume
Airway Resistance
Intraoperative Care
Urethane
Leukocyte Count
Ephedrine
A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Benzopyrenes
Titanium
Injections, Spinal
Carbon Dioxide
Hypotension
Random Allocation
Chemokine CXCL1
Shivering
Extravascular Lung Water
Water content outside of the lung vasculature. About 80% of a normal lung is made up of water, including intracellular, interstitial, and blood water. Failure to maintain the normal homeostatic fluid exchange between the vascular space and the interstitium of the lungs can result in PULMONARY EDEMA and flooding of the alveolar space.
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.
Endotoxins
Fluorocarbons
Droperidol
A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)
Respiratory System
Nanotubes, Carbon
Respiratory Hypersensitivity
Brachial Plexus
The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.
Peroxidase
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Chemokines
Fullerenes
Laryngismus
Mandibular Nerve
Pulmonary Gas Exchange
Nurse Anesthetists
Vecuronium Bromide
Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.
Pulmonary Emphysema
Dental treatment of handicapped patients using endotracheal anesthesia. (1/30)
Dental treatment using endotracheal anesthesia is indicated where acute odontogenic infections, accidental injuries, or multiple caries and periodontitis marginalis require surgical and/or restorative treatment. It is also indicated where it is not possible to use psychological support during local anesthesia or during premedication or analgosedation. Dental treatment of handicapped patients using endotracheal anesthesia is described, along with indication and frequency of such treatment. The state of the dentition is illustrated, along with its relationship to the oral hygiene the handicapped patients receive. The main points of the intraoperative dental procedures and the follow-up of patient care are reported. Postoperative dental or general medical complications have not occurred within the patient population under study. (+info)General anesthetics and regional hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. (2/30)
Administration of N2O, fluroxene and isoflurane to the left lower lobe (LLL) of dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital was previously shown to inhibit LLL hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Using the same experimental model, the present study examined the effect of whole-lung administration of N2O, fluroxene, isoflurane, halothane, and enflurane on left-lower-lobe HPV. Selective ventilation of the LLL with N2 alone caused blood flow to the lobe to decrease 53.3 +/- 3.0 per cent. Responses to LLL hypoxia were remeasured during administration of inhalation anesthetics at 1 and 2 MAC to both the LLL and the rest of the lung. Isoflurane and fluroxene progressively inhibited and at 2 MAC halved lobar HPV. N2O (one third MAC) caused slight but significant inhibition, while halothane and enflurane caused slight and nonsignificant changes in lobar HPV. These effects of whole-lung administration of anesthetics on HPV were almost identical to those obtained when the administration was confined to the test lobe alone. It is concluded that N2O, isoflurane, and fluroxene locally inhibit regional HPV and via this mechanism increase total venous admixture, while halothane and enflurane do not have this effect. (+info)Advanced airway control in trauma resuscitation. (3/30)
Definitive airway control which may require endotracheal intubation with or without an induction agent and muscle relaxant is an essential component of trauma resuscitation. We reviewed the delivery of advanced airway care in the resuscitation room of a regional trauma centre. This prospective survey suggests that in the absence of an experienced anaesthetist, A&E staff with a background of suitable training and experience may undertake the anaesthetic responsibility associated with securing a definitive airway when the situation demands. (+info)Carbon dioxide monitoring and evidence-based practice - now you see it, now you don't. (4/30)
Carbon dioxide has been monitored in the body using a variety of technologies with a multitude of applications. The monitoring of this common physiologic variable in medicine is an illustrative example of the different levels of evidence that are required before any new health technology should establish itself in clinical practice. End-tidal capnography and sublingual capnometry are two examples of carbon dioxide monitoring that require very different levels of evidence before being disseminated widely. The former deserves its status as a basic standard based on observational data. The latter should be considered investigational until prospective controlled data supporting its use become available. Other applications of carbon dioxide monitoring are also discussed. (+info)Local administration of 2% trimecaine affects the content of fucosylated glycoconjugates in goblet cells in rabbit tracheal epithelium. (5/30)
The proportion of fucosylated glycoconjugate-containing rabbit tracheal goblet cells after intratracheal application of trimecaine was studied to evaluate its possible unfavourable effects. This lapine model is comparable with diagnostic findings in humans because airway epithelia in humans and rabbits are similar; tracheal epithelium is also practically identical to bronchial epithelium in both species. Local trimecaine anaesthesia caused a proportional decrease in percentage of the tracheal goblet cells containing both alpha(1-2)- and alpha(1-6)-, alpha(1-3)- and alpha(1-4)-fucosylated glycoconjugates as revealed 10 min postexposure using lectin histochemistry. In previous studies, only mild ultrastructural damage to the airway's epithelium was revealed, but a conspicuous decrease in sialylated glycoconjugate-containing tracheal goblet cells and the dominance of acidic sulphated glycoconjugates were observed as after-effects of the same treatment. Glycoconjugate changes can influence the inner environment of airways (e.g. viscoelastic properties of the airways' mucus and mucosal barrier functions) and thus the patient's defence barriers in airways may be weakened. Concurrently, the histochemical properties of goblet cells can be altered in bronchoscopic specimens. Since trimecaine is widely used as local anaesthesia in airways in bronchoscopy, it is necessary to heed these aforementioned effects. (+info)Adverse respiratory events infrequently leading to malpractice suits. A closed claims analysis. (6/30)
Adverse outcomes associated with respiratory events are the single largest class of injury in the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project (762 of the 2,046 cases, 37%). Inadequate ventilation, esophageal intubation, and difficult tracheal intubation are the most common mechanisms of respiratory-related adverse outcomes. An analysis of closed claims data regarding these mechanisms has been reported previously. This report is concerned with 300 claims for five other less common but important categories of respiratory-related adverse outcomes in which recurrent themes of management error or patterns of injury could be identified: airway trauma, pneumothorax, airway obstruction, aspiration, and bronchospasm. Airway trauma (97 claims, 5% of the database) was associated with difficult intubation in 41 (42%) of the cases and the most frequent sites of injury were the larynx, pharynx, and esophagus. Pneumothorax (67 cases, 3% of the database) was usually either needle-related (block or central vascular catheter placement) or airway management-related (instrumentation or barotrauma). Airway obstruction (56 claims, 3% of the database) occurred in the upper airway in 39 (70%) of the cases. Aspiration (56 claims, 3% of the database) usually occurred during general anesthesia, either during induction prior to tracheal intubation or during maintenance of anesthesia delivered via mask. Bronchospasm (40 claims, 2% of the database) tended to occur during induction of general anesthesia in patients with a history of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or smoking. The incidence of severe injury (brain damage and death) among these cases in the five categories was 47% overall, ranging from 12% in airway trauma claims to nearly 90% in claims for airway obstruction and bronchospasm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) (+info)Management of the difficult adult airway. With special emphasis on awake tracheal intubation. (7/30)
Difficulty in managing the airway is the single most important cause of major anesthesia-related morbidity and mortality. Successful management of a difficult airway begins with recognizing the potential problem. All patients should be examined for their ability to open their mouth widely and for the structures visible upon mouth opening, the size of the mandibular space, and ability to assume the sniff position. If there is a good possibility that intubation and/or ventilation by mask will be difficult, then the airway should be secured while the patient is still awake. In order for an awake intubation to be successful, it is absolutely essential that the patient be properly prepared; otherwise, the anesthesiologist will simply fulfill a self-defeating prophecy. Once the patient is properly prepared, it is likely that any one of a number of intubation techniques will be successful. If the patient is already anesthetized and/or paralyzed and intubation is found to be difficult, many repeated attempts at intubation should be avoided because progressive development of laryngeal edema and hemorrhage will develop and the ability to ventilate the lungs via mask consequently may be lost. After several attempts at intubation, it may be best to awaken the patient, do a semielective tracheostomy, or proceed with the case using mask ventilation. In the event that the ability to ventilate via mask is lost and the patient's lungs still cannot be ventilated, TTJV should be instituted immediately. Tracheal extubation of a patient with a difficult airway over a jet stylet permits a controlled, gradual, and reversible (in that ventilation and reintubation is possible at any time) withdrawal from the airway. Significant advances in the management of the difficult airway have occurred in recent years. Eighty percent of the 127 references in this article were published after 1985. However, there is much more to learn with regard to recognition of the difficult airway, preparation of the patient for an awake intubation, new techniques of endotracheal intubation, and establishment of gas exchange in patients who cannot be intubated or ventilated by mask. As the anesthesiologist's ability to manage the difficult airway significantly improves, respiratory-related morbidity and mortality will decrease. (+info)Effects of pharmacologic alterations of adrenergic mechanisms by cocaine, tropolone, aminophylline, and ketamine on epinephrine-induced arrhythmias during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia. (8/30)
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of pharmacologic alterations of adrenergic terminating mechanisms by cocaine, tropolone, aminophylline, and ketamine on the ability of epinephrine to induce arrhythmias during halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia in dogs. Because the first three drugs inhibit intraneuronal uptake of catecholamines, extraneuronal catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and phosphodiesterase, respectively, they might be expected to potentiate epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. To evaluate this possibility, the authors devised a technique for determining the minimal arrhythmic dosage of epinephrine that permitted graded assessment of changes in the sensitivity of the heart to epinephrine-induced arrhythmias. When the first three drugs were administered to the same dog in the order listed at intervals of 60 minutes, they sequentially increased the ability of epinephrine to induce arrhythmias. Ketamine, according to several investigators, also appears to block reuptake of catecholamines, and when studied was also found to enhance the arrhythmogenicity of epinephrine. The extent of enhancement was comparable to that seen with cocaine. These results indicate that drugs like cocaine and ketamine that interfere with intraneuronal uptake can facilitate the development of epinephrine-induced arrhythmias and that the successive pharmacologic interference of intraneuron uptake, COMT, and phosphodiesterase leads to a stepwise increase in the arrhythmogenicity of epinephrine. (+info)US10293130B2 - Transtracheal ventilation device - Google Patents
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intratracheal/chicken lowest published toxic dose: 750 mg/kg. Spinal Cord: Other degenerative changes. Peripheral Nerve and ... Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage). TAEHC* 110IV,122,1990. ... Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage). Nutritional and Gross ... Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage). Peripheral Nerve and ...
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Subject: Intubation, Intratracheal - instrumentation.. Subject: Anesthesia, Intratracheal.. Subject: Airway Management ... Two improved intratracheal catheters. Anesth Analges.. 1941;20(2):102-105.. Note Type: Citation. Notes: Tamakawa S. Every ... position of Chief of Anesthesia at Harper Hospital. He was there until 1942,. when he enlisted in the United States Navy to ... Francis J. Murphy (1900-1972) was an outspoken proponent of the need for continuous oxygen supply during anesthesia. In 1941, ...
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We used the following search terms: "intubation, intratracheal" OR "endotracheal intubation" "pharyngitis" OR "pharyngit*" OR ... 3. Macario A, Weinger M, Truong P, Lee M. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are both common and important to avoid? The ... We thank the nursing and physician staff in the Nursing and Anesthesia Departments of the Cancer Hospital of China Medical ... Neuraxial Anesthesia and the Ubiquitous Platelet Count Question-How Low Is Too Low? ...
Eric L. Weiss, MD, DTM&H | Stanford Medicine
Eighteen critical care transport (CCT) nurses, previously unfamiliar with FOB, were asked to identify intratracheal and ... randomized study examining surgical patients undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia. Eighteen critical care transport (CCT ... Eighteen critical care transport (CCT) nurses, previously unfamiliar with FOB, were asked to identify intratracheal and ... nurses, previously unfamiliar with FOB, were asked to identify intratracheal and intraesophageal ETTs by using misting, end- ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
IMSEAR at SEARO: The Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study (Thai AIMS) of post anesthetic reintubation: an analysis of 184...
Intubation, Intratracheal. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Male. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Middle Aged. en_US. ... CONCLUSION: Extubation failure and reintubation was mostly related to anesthesia. Most of directly related to anesthesia group ... were classified as directly related to anesthesia and 55 cases (29.9%) were indirectly related to anesthesia. Oxygen ... The Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study (Thai AIMS) of post anesthetic reintubation: an analysis of 184 incident reports. ...
DeCS 2016 - Changed terms
DeCS 2016 - Changed terms
DeCS 2016 - Changed terms
DeCS 2016 - Changed terms
DeCS 2016 - Changed terms
DeCS 2016 - Changed terms
IMSEAR at SEARO: Search
Use of the bougie in simulated difficult intubation. 2. Comparison of single-use bougie with multiple-use bougie. - Oxford...
Pesquisa | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BRASIL
All the patients in the two groups received intratracheal intubation with light-guide laryngoscopy under general anesthesia ... METHODS: Sixty cases at peri-intratracheal intubation period under general anesthesia were randomly divided into ... Effect of electroacupuncture on hemodynamics at peri-intratracheal intubation period under general anesthesia]. ... To observe effect of electroacupuncture on hemodynamics at peri-intratracheal intubation period under general anesthesia. ...
David Oman Warner - Research output - Mayo Clinic
Hooten, W. M., Townsend, C. O., Bruce, B. K. & Warner, D. O., Jan 2009, In: Anesthesia and analgesia. 108, 1, p. 308-315 8 p.. ... Duncan, C. M., Long, K. H., Warner, D. O. & Hebl, J. R., Jul 2009, In: Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 34, 4, p. 301-307 ... Fugate, J. E., Burns, J. D., Wijdicks, E. F. M., Warner, D. O., Jankowski, C. J. & Rabinstein, A. A., Dec 2010, In: Anesthesia ... Shi, Y. & Warner, D. O., Dec 2011, In: Anesthesia and analgesia. 113, 6, p. 1348-1351 4 p.. Research output: Contribution to ...
CRNA in waco, TX for Baylor Scott & White Health
... have been complied with prior to induction of anesthesia. Induces and maintains general anesthesia at required and safe levels ... Performs intratracheal intubation and extubation protecting the patient at all times. Identifies and manages emergency ... Functions as part of a health care/anesthesia team.. Ability to work variable hours.. Ability to share "on call" duties and be ... Terminates anesthesia in a timely fashion, ensuring patient safety to post-anesthetic recovery room. Reverses anesthetic ...
Background
Department of Anesthesiology - Research output - Taipei Medical University
Hsieh, M. H., Chen, T-L., Lin, Y. H., Chang, C-C., Lin, C-S. & Lee, Y-W., 2008, In: Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 20, 8, p. ... Anesthesia for patients with tracheal bronchus. Lai, K. M., Hsieh, M. H., Lam, F., Chen, C. Y., Chen, T. L. & Chang, C. C., Dec ... Huang, C. L., Tsai, P. S., Wang, T. Y., Yan, L. P., Xu, H. Z. & Huang, C. J., Mar 2007, In: Anesthesia and Analgesia. 104, 3, p ...
EFFECTS OF OXYMORPHONE OR FENTANYL ON SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS AND PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF HISTAMINE, CATECHOLAMINES, AND...
William McAlister - Research output
- Research Profiles at Washington University School of Medicine
Study on biological distribution of polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), a toxic household chemical, using radiolabeling and...
In addition, we investigated the biodistribution after 111In-PHMG was exposed to SD rats through intratracheal instillation to ... five rats were sacrificed under anesthesia and the organs (heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, small intestine, ... Biological distribution of 111In-PHMG expressed as %ID/g of tissue; (a) intratracheal instillation and (b) oral administration. ... Then, the results will be discussed by comparing other organ distribution results obtained by the intratracheal instillation ...
Attenuation of acute lung injury in a rat model by Semen Cassiae | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies | Full Text
Male Sprague-Dawley rat lungs were injured by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Rats were treated with Semen Cassiae or ... Louis, MO, USA) intratracheal instillation was performed to induce ALI as described previously [15]. Before use, LPS was ... All procedures were performed under anesthesia. Animals were randomly divided into various groups: control, LPS + vehicle, LPS ... Male Sprague-Dawley rat lungs were injured by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Rats were treated with Semen Cassiae or ...
Medical Definitions - Animal Medical Center of Seattle - Shoreline & Seattle
Tubes can be placed through the nose into the stomach (nasogastric) in a mildly sedated patient or under anesthesia directly ... intratracheal oxygen supplementation, oxygen cages, and mechanical ventilation. ... Heavy sedation or general anesthesia is needed to perform these procedures. Cultures for infection, wound drains, and bandages ... Intubation is required for general anesthesia.. ADVANCED THERAPEUTIC MODALITIES: Mechanical Ventilation - Mechanical ...
Nancy B Greilich - Fingerprint - University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Satya Krishna Ramachandran, M.B.,B.S. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
A fiberoptic orotracheal intubation successfully performed using a modified Guedel airway in a sedated emergency patient - A...
General anesthesia was induced with propofol 120 mg and rocuronium 50 mg. We inserted the oral airway into the oral cavity. ... Keywords: Airway management; Aneshthesi general; Deep sedation; Intratracheal; Intubation Airway assessment is undoubtedly one ... If we can prepare a good airway for fiberoptic intubation, it should be useful for safer anesthesia. Our modified Guedel airway ... After the induction of general anesthesia, it was impossible to insert the direct laryngoscope deep enough for vocal cord ...
Intubation6
- Subject: Intubation, Intratracheal - instrumentation. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
- The authors extracted relevant data from the incident reports on reintubation after planned extubation after general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation from the Thai AIMS database during the study period January to June 2007. (who.int)
- The durations of intratracheal intubation and SIRS were also shortened in the MP group. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- They include traumatic investigations of the larynx and trachea, prolonged laryngeal intubation, multiple re-intubations, the use of intratracheal tubes which are of a larger diameter. (impex.life)
- For its anatomical location in the neck, its functional role in breathing in phonation and its importance in the process of endotracheal intubation, the morphological characterization of the larynx is of great importance in the field of morphology, speech therapy and clinical specialties such as otolaryngology and anesthesia. (unab.edu.co)
- The endotracheal intubation with the use of inhalation anesthesia is used very especially in the from of large size laboratory animals, because it is a secure and easy control mode. (lookformedical.com)
Analgesia2
- Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw in Anesthesia & Analgesia. (lww.com)
- Effect of GOAL-Directed ANalgesia using ANI (Analgesia/Nociception Index) during general anesthesia on immediate postoperative pain and intraoperative hemodynamics in adult patients (GOALDAN study): a study protocol for randomized, controlled, multicenter trial. (umontreal.ca)
Spinal Anesthesia1
- Effect of Patient Position with Spinal Anesthesia on the Heart Rate, Arterial Blood Pressure and Arterial Blood Gas Change. (ekja.org)
Instillation3
- In additional studies, the biokinetics of ultrafine particles and soluble 192Ir was studied after administra- tion by either gavage or intratracheal instillation or intravenous injection. (cdc.gov)
- Moreover, we quantified biodistribution of the radiolabeled PHMG exposed through intratracheal instillation and oral administration routes, and the observed data were compared to each other to understand in vivo behavior of PHMG. (eeer.org)
- Male Sprague-Dawley rat lungs were injured by intratracheal instillation of LPS. (biomedcentral.com)
Laryngoscopy1
- Direct laryngoscopy under anesthesia is a diagnostic step of utmost importance for thorough planning of surgical treatment. (impex.life)
Postoperative1
- 2. For continuation as an analgesic into the immediate postoperative period in adult patients under the direct supervision of an anesthesia practitioner in a postoperative anesthesia care unit or intensive care setting. (liu.edu)
General7
- After the induction of general anesthesia, it was impossible to insert the direct laryngoscope deep enough for vocal cord visualization without damaging the teeth because of limited mouth opening. (anesth-pain-med.org)
- Although there was a concern about airway difficulties on physical examination, we decided to proceed with general anesthesia because there had been no airway issues in previous surgeries. (anesth-pain-med.org)
- After giving consent for general anesthesia, the patient entered the operating room. (anesth-pain-med.org)
- General anesthesia was induced after routine and invasive haemodynamic monitoring started. (peertechzpublications.com)
- PATIENTS: 26 patients scheduled for surgery and general anesthesia. (duke.edu)
- Age-related Difference of the Vagal Reflex and Baroreceptor Reflex under General Anesthesia with Enflurane. (ekja.org)
- As an analgesic agent for use during the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia for inpatient and outpatient procedures. (liu.edu)
Induction3
- One group received an infusion of MP (10 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to the induction of anesthesia (MP group) and the other received a placebo infusion (control group, C group). (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- To date there is no universally accepted protocol for induction, maintenance and recovery from anesthesia. (lookformedical.com)
- Aim: The aim of this paper is a review of the main methods of induction of anesthesia in laboratory animals. (lookformedical.com)
Isoflurane2
- 24 hours after exposure and overnight fasting, anesthesia was induced with 3% isoflurane, followed by maintenance anesthesia with 2% isoflurane at a rate 2 L/min. (cdc.gov)
- Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide (30:70). (peertechzpublications.com)
Oxygen2
- Dr. Francis J. Murphy (1900-1972) was an outspoken proponent of the need for continuous oxygen supply during anesthesia. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
- After preoxygenation with 100% for 5 minute (target endtidal oxygen >90%), rapid sequence anesthesia was induced with IV thiopentone 325 mg and IV suxamethonium 125 mg. (peertechzpublications.com)
Airway3
- Hypoventilation (58.1%) was the commonest cause which led to reintubation directly related to anesthesia while upper airway obstruction (39.6%) was the commonest cause in the indirectly related anesthesia group. (who.int)
- Airway assessment is undoubtedly one of the most important tasks in anesthesia. (anesth-pain-med.org)
- endotracheal i. passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea for maintenance of the airway during anesthesia or for ventilatory support or for maintenance of an imperiled airway . (en-academic.com)
Lung1
- In contrast, intratracheal inoculation is believed to increase the reliability and reproducibility of the course of infection in lung [ 16 ], but nasal shedding of virus sometimes is decreased in both titer and duration compared with direct intranasal inoculation of the same strain [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Adult patients1
- 3. As an analgesic component of monitored anesthesia care in adult patients. (liu.edu)
Hospital2
- In 1930 he moved to Detroit to take the position of Chief of Anesthesia at Harper Hospital. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
- Hospital unit providing continuous monitoring of the patient following anesthesia. (jefferson.edu)
Direct2
- Experimental infection of pigs via direct intranasal or intratracheal inoculation has been mainly used to study the infectious process of influenza A viruses of swine (IAVs-S). Nebulization is known to be an alternative method for inoculating pigs with IAVs-S, because larger quantities of virus potentially can be delivered throughout the respiratory tract. (biomedcentral.com)
- Typically direct intranasal and intratracheal inoculation methods have been used to establish experimental infections in pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
Surgery1
- In addition, regional anesthesia of the distribution area of the SPG sensory fibers for nasal and dental surgery can be provided by SPGB via a transnasal, transoral, or lateral infratemporal approach. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
Local1
- Outside of emergency situations, the pharmacological antagonist phentolamine has been developed to reverse the effects of the vasoconstrictor in dental local anesthesia preparations when the effects of the agonist medication are no longer required. (cdeworld.com)
Study3
- IMSEAR at SEARO: The Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study (Thai AIMS) of post anesthetic reintubation: an analysis of 184 incident reports. (who.int)
- Chinachoti T, Poopipatpab S, Buranatrevedhya S, Taratarnkoolwatana K, Werawataganon T, Jantorn P. The Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study (Thai AIMS) of post anesthetic reintubation: an analysis of 184 incident reports. (who.int)
- OBJECTIVE: The present study was a part of the Multi-centered Study of Model of Anesthesia related Adverse Events in Thailand by Incident Report (The Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study or Thai AIMS). (who.int)
Care1
- Eighteen critical care transport (CCT) nurses, previously unfamiliar with FOB, were asked to identify intratracheal and intraesophageal ETTs by using misting, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETCO(2)), and FOB alone or with a combination of all three modes. (stanford.edu)
Group2
Tube1
- specifically, passage of an oro- or nasotracheal tube for anesthesia or for control of pulmonary ventilation . (en-academic.com)
Title1
- Title: Murphy intratracheal catheters. (woodlibrarymuseum.org)
Review1
- A Review of the Anesthesia Specialty Examination for Board Certification in 1998. (ekja.org)
Step1
- This step can be operated 1 days ahead without anesthesia. (genemedi.net)
Effect1
- The Ventilatory Effect of Intratracheal Pulmonary Ventilation in Rabbits with Acute Respiratory Failure. (ekja.org)